WATER QUALITY STANDARDS CRITERIA DIGEST
A COMPILATION OF FEDERAL/STATE CRITERIA ON
WATER QUALITY SAMPLING
AND ANALYTICAL METHODS
Ct; -^
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C.
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WATER QUALITY STANDARDS DIGEST
Water Quality Sampling and Analytical Methods and
Applicable Stream Flow Provisions
This digest was compiled in order to provide general information to
the public as well as to Federal, State, and local officials. It quotes
those provisions of State/Federal water quality standards which relate to
water quality sampling and analytical methods techniques and which stipulate
the applicable stream flows.
The water quality standards program is directed by the Environmental
Protection Agency, an independent regulatory agency which has responsibility
for approving State-adopted standards for interstate waters, evaluating ad-
herence to the standards, and overseeing enforcement of standards compliance.
Standards, the first nationwide strategy for water quality management,
contain four major elements: the use (recreation, drinking water, fish and
wildlife propagation, industrial, or agricultural) to be made of the inter-
state water; criteria to protect those uses; implementation plans (for needed
industrial-municipal waste treatment improvements, among others) and enforce-
ment plans; and an antidegradation statement to protect existing high quality
waters.
A majority of the standards establish specific requirements regarding
analytical methods. Some standards also expressly include sampling methods.
In a minority of standards, provisions are not regulatory but instead merely
describe the methods used by the state agency. No provisions for sampling
and analytical methods were found in the nine states.
The methodology provisions in many standards include authority for the
state agency to approve methods other than those set forth in the standards.
Where this authority exists, the state agency should be consulted prior to
actual sampling and analysis to determine whether distinct practices have
been established. In particular, many state standards which were adopted
prior to publication of the thirteenth edition of Standards Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA, AWWA, WPCF, 13th Ed., 1971) ex-
pressly require that sampling and analysis be conducted pursuant to methods
prescribed in the twelfth edition. In these states, the state agency should
be consulted to ascertain'whether adherence to the methodology of the thirteenth
edition is now required.
Finally, the Legal Support Division of the Office of Enforcement and
General Counsel, EPA, has published " A Primer on the Law, Evidence, and
Management of Federal Water Pollution Control Cases"(EPA, Washington, D.C.
20460, May 1972).Chapter VIII, "Gathering and Preserving Evidence in Water
Pollution Enforcement Actions," is enclosed as Appendix A to this summary.
It should be recalled that in testing for violations of standards, specific
methodology provisions of the applicable standards supersede any other method.
Individual State-adopted provisions follow.
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ALABAMA
Water Quality Criteria adopted May 5, 1967, Section III - GENERAL
CONDITIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL WATER QUALITY CRITERIA.
2. Tests or analytical procedures to determine compliance or non-
compliance with water quality criteria shall be in accordance with the
methods given in the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water and Wastewater, published by the American Public Health Association,
American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation.
Where other tests or analytical procedures are found to be more applicable
and satisfactory, these may be used upon acceptance and approval by the
Commission.
Flow (Implementation Plan)
Water quality criteria and standards adopted by the Commission apply
to all conditions of flow in streams receiving wastes.
ALASKA
Title 18. Environmental Quality. Chapter 70, Water Quality Standards.
(1971.) 18 AAC 70.070, note (1).
The analytical procedures used as methods of analysis to determine the
chemical, bacteriological, biological and radiological quality of waters
sampled shall be in accordance with the 12th edition of "Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Waste Water" or other approved standards.
Flow
No specification.
ARIZONA
Section 6-2-7 IMPLEMENTATION & SURVEILLANCE. REG. 6-2-7.2. 3. Miscellaneous
studies. Adopted August 8, 1968.
Sampling and examination of water samples should be conducted in accordance
with the procedures contained in the latest edition of "Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water and Wastewater", or by other acceptable procedures.
Flow
4. Stream Flows - These criteria are based upon the assumption that
existing flow conditions in interstate streams shall continue without material
change. The minimum weekly flow that occurs on the average once in 10 years
will be used in applying these criteria.
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ARKANSAS
Arkansas Pollution Control Commission Regulation No. 2, May 26, 1967.
Regulation Establishing Water Quality Criteria for Interstate Streams.
II. General Criteria. 1. Methods - The methods of sample collection,
preservation, measurements and analyses shall be in accordance with the latest
edition of "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater"
or other proven methods acceptable to the Commission.
Flow Section IV. Criteria.
. . . The criteria specifically shall apply at the point of withdrawal
from the stream for the use indicated. For non-point-source uses such as fish
and wildlife propagation and aesthetics, the criteria shall apply to the entire
reach of such use at or above the stated stream flow. . . .
(Stream flows are specified for each major river.)
CALIFORNIA
"Water quality control policies" are adopted by regional water quality
control boards. Some lack provisions regarding sampling and analytical
methods. The Lake Tahoe Water Quality Control Policy includes detailed
specifications. The control policy for the area being surveyed should be
consulted.
Flow
Flow frequently not specified. The control policy for the area being
surveyed should be consulted.
CONNECTICUT
Water Quality Standards. June 28, 1967; 1968; November 11, 1969; 1970
(No provisions regarding sampling and analytical methods.)
Flow (Implementation Plan )
In order to be able to certify the accomplishment of this enforcement
program the Commission will occupy and sample water quality at all the sampling
stations shown on the watershed maps. The program contemplates the sampling
at each of these points at least five times per year during the types of flow
which are more critical for the assessment of the individual water quality
parameters in that particular stream. These samples will be adjusted by com-
putations to a common denominator of flow frequency so that they will be com-
parable one to another and from year to year. Traditionally, the Commission
has used the flow which occurs at least 85% of the time because of certain
hydrologic considerations in Connecticut. Once the parameters have been
established on a common flow condition, a uniform method will be developed to
interpret quality data in terms of the percent occurrence flow to which stan-
dards should apply.
COLORADO
Water Pollution Control Commission, Terms and Definitions, June 10, 1969.
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17. STANDARD METHODS FOR THE EXAMINATION OF WATER AND WASTE WATER.
LATEST EDITION. - A publication prepared jointly by the American Public
Health Association, American Water Works Association, and the Water Pollution
Control Federaltion, accepted by Federal, State, and local authorities in
the field of water pollution control as the authority for analytical procedures
to be utilized in the examination or analysis of waters and waste waters.
Water Quality Standards for Colorado, Adopted May 15, 1968.
For purposes of enforcement of these standards, sampling will be done
at a point where these standards can be evaluated.
For purposes of enforcement of water classification standards, sampling
of the waters will be done at any point, except for areas immediately adjacent
to outfalls and except as may be noted in the text of the standards. In such
areas, cognizance will be given to the opportunity for admixture of waste
effluents with receiving water.
Tests or analytical procedures to determine compliance with standards
will insofar as practicable and applicable, be made in accordance with the
methods given in the latest edition of "Standard Methods For The Examination
of Water And Waste Water" published by the American Public Health Association,
or in accordance with tests or analytical procedures that have been found to
be equal or more applicable and satisfactory and accepted and approved by the
Commission.
Flow
No specification. The 1966 Colorado Water Pollution Control Act, as
amended (1967) requires the Water Pollution Control Commission, in adopting
standards, to consider among other things (section 8(2)(e)),"Whether a standard
that is to be applicable to discharges into flowing water should be written in
such a way that the degree of pollution tolerated or treatment required will be
dependent upon the volume of flow of the receiving water or the extent to which
the discharge is diluted therein."
DELAWARE
Water Quality Standards for Interstate Streams. June, 1967.
General. 3. Reservations.
Maintenance of stream quality criteria is dependent upon the following
conditions.
b. The standards proposed are based upon the ability of the Commission
to measure and to determine compliance. All measurements will be
made at selected sampling stations. Such stations will be selected
after determining "representativeness" of the sample obtained and
the nature of the mixing at the station.
(No further provisions regarding sampling and analytical methods require-
ments .)
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Flow
Design of waste treatment facilities should be based on maintaining
an effluent of such character that the Water Quality Indicators meet the
specifications as state for individual receiving streams, during a low flow
period equivalent to the minimum seven (7) consecutive day low flow recur-
ring once every 10 years.
FLORIDA
Plan of Implementation and Enforcement of Florida's Water Quality
Standards and Stream Classifications. May 31, 1967. 170C-5.03 Water quality
testing. -
Tests or analytical procedures to determine compliance or noncompliance
with water quality criteria provided by this chapter shall be in accordance
with methods given in the latest edition of Standard Method for the Examination
of Water and Wastewater, published by the American Public Health Association,
American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation; and
a copy of same shall be available for public inspection at the offices of the
State Board of Health. Where other tests or analytical procedures are found
to be more satisfactory, such tests or procedures will be used only upon the
acceptance and approval of the regulatory agency.
Flow
No specification.
GEORGIA
Establishment of Water Quality Standards and Classifications for Inter-
state Waters in the State of Georgia. June, 1967.
(No provisions regarding sampling and analytical methods.)
Flow (Criteria)
730-3-.08 Streamflows. Amended. Specific criteria or standards set
for the various parameters apply to all flows on regulated streams. On un-
regulated streams, they shall apply to all Streamflows equal to or exceeding
the 7-day, 10-year minimum low flow.
HAWAII
Department of Health Water Quality Standards, June 29, 1967, Water Quality
Surveillance Program.
The sampling procedure and testing methods used will be those currently
in common usage, such as "Standard Methods" or those published by the American
Society for Testing Materials, the U.S. Bureau of Standards, or other published
methods which are considered valid and acceptable to the Director of Health.
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Flow (Enforcement)
Water quality standards will be in effect at all times. It is recognized,
however, that in the cases of discharges which occur beyond the reasonable
control of man, such as flood-flows of storm water where practicable man-made
facilities or control measures are inadequate to the situation, that situations
will result which are not in compliance with standards. These will not be
excused, but neither will immediate punitive action be taken for such extreme
cases until the Director feels that all reasonable measures have been exhausted
to obtain voluntary action on the part of the persons or agency responsible for
the discharge or the land or enterprise from which it arose to correct the
situation or treat the discharge which led to the discharge of offending material
IDAHO
Rules and Regulations for Standards of Water Quality for the Interstate
Waters of Idaho and Disposal Therein of Sewage and Industrial Wastes, June, 1967.
3. Maintenance of Standards of Quality.
C. For purposes of enforcement of these standards, sampling will
be done at a point where these standards can be evaluated, ex-
cept for areas immediately adjacent to outfalls. . .
D. Tests or analytical procedures to determine compliance with
standards will, insofar as practicable and applicable, be made
in accordance with the methods given in the twelfth edition of
"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water"
published by the American Public Health Association, or in ac-
cordance with tests or analytical procedures that have been found
to be equal or more applicable and satisfactory and accepted and
approved by the State Board of Health, as set forth in Appendix 1.
Appendix 1. Laboratory Tests and Procedures
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Twelfth
Edition, 1965, prepared and published jointly by American Public Health
Association, American Water Works Associaiton, WAter Pollution Control Federation,,
Flow
3. Maintenance of Standards of Quality.
A. The degree of sewage or waste treatment required to restore and
maintain the standards of quality shall be determined in each
instance by the State Board of Health and shall be based upon the
following:
(2) The size and nature of flow of the receiving stream.
* * * *
(Stream flows are specified for each major river.)
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ILLINOIS
Water Pollution Regulations of Illinois, through March 7, 1972. Chapter 3:
Water Pollution. Part 1: Introduction.
105 Analytical Testing
All methods of sample collection, preservation, and analysis used in
applying any of the rules and regulations in this Chapter shall be in accord
with those prescribed in "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste
Water, Thirteenth Edition, or with other generally accepted procedures.
Flow Part II Water Quality Standards.
202 Stream Flows
Except as otherwise'provided in this Chapter with respect to temperature,
the water quality standards in this Part shall apply at all times except during
periods when flows are less than the average minimum seven day low flow which
occurs once in ten years.
(The exceptions to the applicability of the temperature criteria do not
relate to stream flow.)
INDIANA
Official Regulation SPC IR-2. Adopted and Promulgated by the Stream
Pollution Control Board of the State of Indiana, July 21, 1970.
Note 2.
The analytical procedures used as methods of analyses to determine the
chemical, bacteriological, biological, and radiological quality of waters
sampled shall be in accordance with the latest edition of Standard Methods for
the Examination of Water and Wastewater or other methods approved by the Indiana
Stream Pollution Control Board and the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Flow (Implementation and Enforcement; set for individual basins.)
The minimum weekly flow, which occurs once in ten years, will be used
in applying the standards. It is recognized that the all-time minimum flow
will be less but will occur only a very small percentage of the time. During
these periods, only minimum damage to the stream will result.
IOWA
Water Quality Criteria and Plan for Implementation and Enforcement for
the Surface Waters of Iowa. May, 1967.
Section I. General. l-Sec.2.1. General Policy Considerations.
Sampling to determine conformance to these criteria shall be done at
sufficient distances downstream from waste discharge points to permit adequate
mixing of waste effluents with the surface waters. In the performance of tests
or analytical determinations to determine compliance with the established surface
water criteria, samples will be collected at such locations, times, frequencies,
and in such a manner as approved by the Commission.
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The collection, preservation, and testing of samples will be made in
conformance with the methods given in the latest edition of "Standard Methods
of the Examination of Water and Sewage." Where more than one method is pre-
scribed, that method designated by the Commission shall be used. Any methods
deviating from those prescribed must be approved by the Commission.
Flow (Criteria)
1.2(3). The following criteria are applicable at flows greater than
the lowest flow for seven consecutive days which can be expected to occur at
a frequency of once every ten years.
KANSAS
Kansas Water Quality Standards, January 14, 1969.
Plan of Implementation for Water Quality Control and Pollution Abatement,
Kansas State Board of Health, June, 1967, Part II, Water Quality Surveillance
Network; Sample Collection and Analysis Procedure.
The collection of water samples and laboratory analyses shall be in
accord with the latest edition of "Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater", prepared and published jointly by the American Public
Health Assoc., the American Water Works Assoc., and the Water Pollution Control
Federation with the following exceptions:
1. Bacteriological analysis will be made on samples collected up to
48 hours prior to receipt in the laboratory. This is necessary
in some instances where samples are shipped to the laboratory by
mail.
2, Bacteriological samples of surface waters collected by department
filed staff are iced during hot weather for preservation in trans-
portation to the laboratory.
3. Grease analysis will be determined by the"Wet Method of Grease Analysis"
developed by Dr. Raymond Loehr, professor of civil engineering,
University of Kansas.
Other analytical methods may be approved by the Board of Health in the
future.
Flow (Criteria; set for individual basins.)
28-16-11. Neosho River Basin. The concentrations limitations of the
parameters and pollutants stipulated herein for the Neosho River are selected
to establish quality criteria for stream flows in excess of 11 cfs*at the Kansas-
Oklahoma state line. The concentration limitations of the parameters and pollutants
stipulated herein for the Cottonwood River are selected to establish quality
criteria for stream flows in excess of 56 cfs at Emporia, Kansas. The concentration
limitations of the parameters and pollutants stipulated herein for the Spring River
are selected to establish quality criteria for stream flow in excess of the 10-year
one day low flow which is set forth as 27 cfs near Quapaw, Oklahoma. The con-
centration; limitations of the parameters and pollutants stipulated herein for Shoal
Creek are selected to establish criteria for stream flows in excess of the 10-year,
one day low flow which is set forth as 37 cfs near Joplin, Missouri. Quality cri-
teria will be met insofar as is practicable when stream flows are less than those
stipulated above. (Similar provisions for other basins.)
*(Cubic Feet Per Second)
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KENTUCKY
Kentucky Water Quality Standards. June, 1967. Amended, 1971.
(No provisions regarding sampling and analytical methods.)
Flow
No specification.
LOUISIANA
Louisiana Stream Control Commission Water Quality Criteria. (No date.)
Sampling and Analytical Procedures.
Procedures for securing samples to be used in analyses for determination
of compliance with the criteria shall be subject to the following restrictions.
(1) Samples will be obtained at a depth or depths which adequately
determine stream conditions.
(2) Samples will be collected from the present established sampling
stations to ensure continuity in monitoring with that done in the
past. In those cases where there are not sufficient established
points, it may be necessary to establish additional new ones. This
statement does not preclude sampling at other points in the conduct
of field investigations.
(3) Collection and preservation of samples will be in accordance with
accepted practices to assure representative samples of the water
and minimized alterations prior to analyses.
Numerical values of the various criteria in fresh waters will be determined
by analytical procedures prescribed by the regulatory agency. In general these
procedures will follow the latest edition of STANDARD METHODS FOR THE EXAMINATION
OF WATER AND WASTE WATER, published jointly by the American Public Health
Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation.
For coastal and estuarine waters procedures will be prescribed by the regulatory
agency and in general be those specified in a MANUAL OF SEA WATER ANALYSES,
published by the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Other analytical procedures
shall be subject to approval of the regulatory agencies.
Flow
No specification.
MAINE
State of Maine Material of Implementation Plan Common to all Interstate
and Tidal Basins. (No date.) Surveillance Program.
Generally all tests and surveys will be conducted and performed in accordance
with the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Waste Water as prepared by the American Public Health Association, American Water
Works Association, and the Water Pollution Control Federation or may be in
accordance with other acceptable methods which have proven to yield reliable data.
Flow
No specification. 0
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MARYLAND
Maryland's Water Quality Program; Maryland Plan; Document B - "Plan
for the Implementation and Enforcement of Water Quality Standards for all
Maryland Waters." (concise form). May 22, 1967. V. Water Quality Surveillance
Program.
Sampling will be done, or supervised, by qualified scientists who will
employ standard procedures to assure the collection of representativeisamples
which will be preserved according to accepted practice prior to analysis.
Analysis will be performed according to standard methods or other approved
methods, and may include bio-assay techniques or other special techniques--
where needed—to supplement other analytical data, or where cause and effect
cannot otherwise be well established.
Flow (Criteria)
Article 3--Standards-Related Design Stream Flow. The water quality
standards established for specified water zones shall be maintained during
periods of low stream flow, which is defined as the mean seven (7) consecutive
day low flow having a frequency of recurrence of once in ten (10) years. For
the duration of lower stream flows, the Department may apply the general water
quality criteria, or such other standards as it may deem necessary and feasible,,
MASSACHUSETTS
Water Quality Standards. Vol. 1. Laws, Policy and Standards. March, 1967.
(No provisions regarding sampling and analytical methods.)
Flow
No specification.
MICHIGAN
Water Quality Standards. Revised June 1967. Basic premises.
4. Analysis of water to determine the levels of pollutants will be made
according to procedures outlined in Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water. Sewage and Industrial Wastes published jointly by the American
Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and the
Federation of Sewage and Industrial Wastes Associations, or other methods
approved by the Michigan Water Resources Commission and the Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration.
Flow (Summary of Program to Control and Abate Pollution.)
The accepted design stream flow to which the standards will apply are
those equal to or exceeding the 10-year recurrence of minimum low flow average
of 7-day duration.
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MINNESOTA
State of Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Chapter Fifteen: WPC 15,
April 8, 1969. (a) Introduction; (3) Determination of Compliance.
In making tests or analyses of the interstate waters of the state, sewage,
industrial wastes or other wastes to determine compliance with the standards,
samples shall be collected in such manner and place, and of such type, number
and frequency as may be considered satisfactory by the Agency from the view-
point of adequately reflecting the condition of the interstate waters, the
composition of the effluents, and the effects of the pollutants upon the specified
uses. Reasonable allowance will be made for dilution of the effluents in
relation to the uses of the interstate waters into which they are discharged or
other interstate waters which may be affected. The samples shall be preserved and
analysed in accordance with the procedures given in the 1965 edition of Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, by the American Public Health
Association, American Water Works Association, and the Water Pollution Control
Federation, and any revisions or amendments thereto, or other methods acceptable
to the Agency.
Flow (General Standards Applicable to all Interstate Waters.)
(8) ... (I)f at the applicable stream flows mentioned in the sections on
specific standards of interstate water quality and purity it is evident that the
specified stream flow may be less than the effluent flow, the specific standards
may be interpreted as effluent standards for control purposes, where applicable.
The period of record for determining the specific flow for the stated recurrence
interval, where records are available, will include at least the most recent
10 years of record, including flow records obtained after establishment of flow
regulation devices, if any. Such calculations will not be applied to lakes and
their embayments which have no comparable flow recurrence interval"! Where <:>trearn
flow records are not available, the flows may be estimated on the basis of
available information on the watershed characteristics, precipitation, run-off
and other pertinent data. (Emphasis of the text.)
Specific Standards of Interstate Quality and Purity:
(2): Fisheries and Recreation (all classes; includes warm and cold water
F & WL*and bathing): Discharges of sewage, industrial waste or other waste
effluents shall be controlled so that the standards will be maintained at all
stream flows which are equal to or exceeded by 90 percent of the seven consecutive
daily average flows of record (the lowest weekly flow with a once in tenyear
recurrence interval) for the critical month(sj. (Emphasis of the text.)
MISSISSIPPI
Water Quality Standards. Mississippi Air & Water Pollution Control
Commission. June 19, 1967. Implementation and Enforcement Plan.
Surveys shall be conducted and samples taken from points so distributed
over the areas and depth of the waters being studied as to permit a realistic
appraisal of such actual or potential damage to water use or aquatic life as
may exist. Samples shall be analysed in accordance with the latest edition of
"Standard Methods' or other methods acceptable to the Commission.
*(Fish & Wildlife Propagation) n
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The Commission will issue permits and require prompt and regular submissions;
of operational reports from treatment plants to enable the evaluation of the
quality of effluents.
Flow (Criteria)
Section 1. General Conditions. .,. . All criteria contained herein shall
apply at all stages of stream flow which exceed the 7-day, 10-year minimum flow
in unregulated, natural streams. This requirement shall not be interpreted to
permit any unusual waste discharges during periods of lower flow.
MISSOURI
Water Quality Standards, June, 1967; revised August, 1968.
Water Quality Criteria; Specific Criteria. 3. Methods of Sampling,
Preservation and Analysis.
The methods of sample collection, preservation, analyses, and measure-
ments to determine water quality and the accuracy of results shall be in accordance
with the Twelth edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, published jointly by the American Public Health Association, American
Water Works Association and the Water Pollution Control Federation, or in the
case of interstate streams, other methods mutually agreed upon by the Missouri
Water Pollution Control Board and the State Water Pollution Control Agencies of
contiguous states.
Flow (Criteria)
General Criteria. 2. Minimum water quality conditions applicable to
all waters of the State including: 1) low flow streams which are defined as any
stream with a flow of 0.1 cfs*or less for an average of seven consecutive days
which average flow is expected to recur once every two years or less; 2) any
streams for which an exception to the water quality criteria has been granted
due to low flow conditions or other reasons; . . .
Specific Criteria. 1. Flow - Water quality standards shall be met at all
times regardless of the flow unless an exception is granted by the Missouri
Water Pollution Board. For flow information, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
and U.S. Geological Survey should be consulted.
MONTANA
Water Quality Standards for the Surface Waters of Montana. Montana State
Water Pollution Control Council. Water Quality Criteria. June 5, 1967. Policy
Statements.
12. Tests or analytical procedures to determine compliance with standards
will, insofar as practicable and applicable, be made in accordance with the
methods given in the twelth edition of "Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water and Waste Water" published by the American Public Health Association,
et al, or in accordance with tests or analytical procedures that have been found
to be equal or more applicable.
*(Cubic Feet per Second)
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Flow
Policy Statements. 7. For treatment plant design purposes, stream-flow
dilution requirements shall be based on the minimum consecutive 7-day average
flow which may be expected to occur on the average once in 10 years.
NEBRASKA
Water Quality Standards Applicable to Nebraska Waters. December 21, 1967.
Plan of Implementation and Enforcement. G. Method of Water Sample Collection.
The method of water sample collection, sample preservation, analysis, and
measurement to determine water quality and the accuracy of the results shall be
in accordance with the latest Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water and Waste Water, or by appropriate regulations or procedures approved
by the Nebraska Water Pollution Control Council or the Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration.
Flow (Implementation and Enforcement)
H. Stream Flow Design Criteria. The Water Quality Criteria contained in
these standards are applicable at flows equal to or greater than the lowest
flow for seven consecutive days which can be expected to occur at a frequency
of once every ten years. For design purposes, this flow may be determined
by any accepted statistical procedure using published stream flow data such as
Gumbel's method of logarithmic extremal probability using low mean discharge
data from the Missouri Basin Inter-Agency Committee studies. The drought flow
at any point along a stream may be determined by relating the drought flows at
gaging stations and their drainage to the drainage above the point of interest
on the stream.
"Water Quality Criteria for Intermittent Waters shall apply:"
(1) Whenever the waste source is discharging into waters with a record of periodic
zero flows 7 consecutive days of a once in 10-vear low flow, (2) Whenever the de-
sign flow of the waste source is greater than the design drought flow 7 con-
secutive days of a once in 10-year low flow, (3) Whenever the actual flow of the
receiving waters is less than the waste source discharge.
NEVADA
Interstate Water Quality Standards and Plan of Implementation, 1967.
Sampling and Testing.
The analyses for nitrogen and phosphorus in samples from Lake Tahoe shall
be according to A Manual of Sea Water Analysis, Strickland, J.D.H. and Parsons,
T.R. All sampling and all other testing procedure shall adhere to the latest
edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. A
sample will normally consist of a grab sample taken during working hours. Treat-
ment plant operators will normally take composite samples.
Flow
Water Quality Standards. . . . These standards shall apply to all stream
flows unless indicated otherwise for a particular stream.
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NEW HAMPSHIRE
Report on Water Quality Standards, June 29, 1967.
Section I. Classification of Surface Waters.
A. Standards:
1. ... Tests and sampling for the purposes of examinations of
waters shall be performed in accordance with the provisions
of paragraph VI, (sic) APPENDIX A.
Appendix A, Paragraph V.
All tdsts and sampling for the purpose of examination of waters shall
be performed and carried out in a reasonable manner and whenever practicable,
in accordance with the current edition of the Standard Methods for Examination
of Water and Sewage as published jointly by the American Public Health
Association and the American Water Works Association. . . .
NEW JERSEY
New Jersey Department of Health, Division of Clean Air and Water, Water
Pollution Control Program; Stream Classification - Standards of Quality -
Implementation; June 1967; Section II.Raritan River Basin, Implementation Plan.
A routine surveillance program is maintained. This provides for inspections
of all sewage and industrial waste treatment plants in the State. . . These
inspections include effluent sampling on each occasion. Included herewith is a
routine inspection form indicating analyses of samples. All analyses are per-
formed in accordance with "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater." Of course more complete analyses are made for more intensive
studies of plant operation. (Emphasis of the text.)
The Program maintains a routine sampling schedule covering fixed sampling
stations on streams throughout the State.
OSections covering other basins refer to Section II, above, for policies
and procedures regarding implementation which generally are uniform
throughout the State.]
Flow
Statement of Policy. 1.12. The levels of quality specified for various
water uses, where applicable, are expected to be maintained under conditions
comprising minimum consecutive seven day fresh water flows with ten year recurrence
intervals.
NEW MEXICO
Water Quality Standards for the Pecos River in New Mexico, June, 1967.
(Identical for other New Mexico rivers.)
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Definitions.
8. Dissolved Ionic Constituents. This term is used to imply to filterable
substances dissolved in water. For practical purposes, it is taken to be
equivalent to the .total dissolved solids content of a water as determined by the
filterable residue test described on page 245 of the twelth edition of Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Hastewater.
9- Sampling Period. A sampling period is the time interval specified in
the language of a particular standard over which samples are to be collected
for analysis for the detection of an infraction of the particular standard.
10. BOD. 5-day, 20°C biochemical oxygen demand in mg/l*as determined
by the dilution bottle technique described in the most current edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste^Water, published by
the American Public Health Association.~"
11. DO. Dissolved oxygen concentration in mg/1 as determined by the
unmodified Winkler technique as described in the most current edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Mater and Haste-Water or by an appropriate
modification of the Winkler method as described in that text.
12. MPN Technique. A method used to evaluate the most probable number
of coliform bacteria in a unit volume of water; for techniques, see the most
current edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Mater and Waste-Mater.
Policy Guidelines Followed in Establishing Standards and to be Followed
in Evaluating Compliance.(As amended, 3/4/68.)
It should be noted that the standards are stream standards and not
effluent standards, as samples taken for the regulation and enforcement of
these standards are to be collected at the mid-point of the stream flow at
locations ef sufficient distance downstream from the point of introduction of
a waste-water inflow to provide for reasonable mixing of the stream and the in-
flowing water. Where stratification exists, other sampling techniques may be
employed. Sampling in reservoirs and lakes for the purposes of the standards
may be at any point in the body of the water, but not closer than 250 feet from
the point of introduction of a water contaminant. A reservoir or lake is
considered to include all of the area flooded when the water in the basin is at
the spillway level.
General Standards.
?•
7. Toxic Substances. . . . Toxicities of substances in receiving waters
will be determined by appropriate bio-assaytechniques, or other acceptable
means, for the particular form of aquatic life which is to be preserved.
Flow (Criteria; set for individual basins.)
Pecos River. General Standards. The following general standards shall
apply to the waters of the main stem of the Pecos River in New Mexico regardless
of the magnitude of flow. . . . Special Standards. The flow in the Pecos River
and the uses of the waters of the river vary considerably from one section to
the next. Because of these variations, two sets of special standards are proposed
to protect the waters of the river for both existing and potential future uses. . .
A. For the main stem of the Pecos River from Anton Chico, New Mexico to the head
waters at all flows. . . . Special Standards for Chlorides, Sul fates, and Total Dis-
*Mi Hi grams per Li ter .
-------
solved Solids. (Main stem, Pecos River) ... At very low flows, the concentration
of some of the chemical constituents is quite high and quite variable, but these
flows represent a relatively small part of the total water supply of the river.
Because of its hydrologic nature and because of the regulations of the flows of
the Pecos River by dams and reservoirs, the experience at many points on the
river is that either relatively high flows exist or that there is virtually no
flow in the stream. To allow for these low flow periods, and to protect the quality
of the stream at high flows, the standards for chlorides, sulfates and total
dissolved solids have been formulated in terms of mathematical relationships
between flow and the concentration of the particular constituent. Special
standards for this purpose apply only to samples collected at the station
indicated and for periods during which the flow in the stream is within the
range used to establish the relationship.
NEW YORK
Classifications and Standards of Quality and Purity for Waters of New
York State, Parts 700-703, Title 6, Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and
Regulations, November,1967.
Section 700.1. Collection of samples. In making any tests or analytical
determinations of classified water to determine compliance or non-compliance
of sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes discharges with established stan-
dards, samples shall be collected in such manner and at such locations as are
approved by the Water Pollution Control Board as being representative of the
receiving waters after opportunity for reasonable dilution and mixture with the
wastes discharged thereto.
Section 700.2. Tests or analytical determinations. Tests or analytical
determinations to determine compliance or non-compliance with standards shall
be made in accordance with methods and procedures approved by the Water Pollution
Control Board.
Flow
Supplemental Materials for Water Quality Standards Submissions from
State of New York (Applicable to All Basins.)
Appendix 9. Program Implementation Regarding Waste Water Treatment
Facilities Required to Meet the Surface Water Quality Objectives of the State
of New York.
II. Program Implementation Concerning Treatment Facilities.
A. General.
(5) Effects of waste water discharges into surface waters shall be
evaluated on prospective conditions 30 years in the future and based on a
consecutive 7 day Tow flow with a return period of once every 50 years.
16
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NORTH CAROLINA
Rules, Regulations, Classifications and Water Quality Standards
Applicable to the Surface Waters of North Carolina, Adopted by the
Board of Water and Air Resources, Department of Water and Air Resources,
Raleigh, N.C., October 13, 1970.
Rules Applicable to Classifications and Water Quality Standards.
RULE NO. III. - Test or analytical procedures to determine con-
formity or nonconformity with standards will, insofar as practicable
and applicable, be made in accordance with the methods given in the lat-
est edition of "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste-
water," published by the American Public Health Association, American
Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation or
the latest edition of "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
Wastes", published by the Federal Water Quality Administraion, or
where other tests or analytical procedures have been found by the De-
partment to be more applicable and satisfactory, same may be used upon
adoption by the Board as a rule pursuant to General Statute 143-215.4(b).
Latest edition as used in this rule means that edition of the publication
which has been most recently published with reference to the date at
which a test or analytical procedure is carried out, and applies prospect-
ively to editions issued subsequent to adoption of this rule.
How (Regulations Applicable to Classifications and Water Quality Standards)
VI. The governing flow, which shall be the criterion for the standards
and for the design of waste treatment facilities, shall be the minimum
average flow for a period of seven consecutive days that have an average
recurrence of onee in ten years. In cases where the stream is regulated,
the governing flow shall be the instantaneous minimum flow.
NORTH DAKOTA
Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters of North Dakota,
April 21 and May 16, 1967, Standards of Surface Water Quality IV.
General Conditions.
The analytical procedures used to determine compliance or noncom-
pliance with the quality standards adopted for the surface waters shall
be in accordance with the latest edition of "Standard Methods of the
Examination of Water and Sewage," as published by the American Public
Health Association. Tests for radioactivity shall be in conformance
with the publication "Laboratory Manual of Methodology, Radionuclide
Analysis of Environmental Samples, Technical Report R 59-6," published
by the United States Public Health Service.
Flow (Criteria; set by individual stream.)
Red River of the North, etc.: II Specific Standards, A. The
dissolved oxygen in the waters shall be maintained at not less than five
17
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(5) milligrams per liter based on the minimum monthly average flow of
record after January 1, 1955, except that seasonal discharges of certain
agricultural products processing wastes shall be based on the average of the
lowest 10% of all average monthly flows of record for either the months
of April or May, using whichever month is lower. . . . H. These standards
shall be met at all times, regardless of flow, unless an exception is
granted by the State Water Pollution Control Agency and the United States
Department of the Interior for all interstate waters and the State Water
Pollution Control Agency for intrastate waters.
{Other basins do include the paragraph H provision but not the paragraph
A provision applicable to the Red River of the North.)
OHIO
Water Quality Standards, June 13, 1967.
(No provisions regarding sampling and analytical methods.)
Flow (Implementation and Enforcement; set for specific basins.)
Most waters. (1) The design or critical flow defined as the minimum
annual seven consecutive day warm weather flow which is exceeded in 90%
of the years will be used in applying the stream-water quality criteria.
Ohio River. (1) The critical or minimum flows in the Ohio River
are those that may be expected during a seven day period once in ten
years based on flow augmentation from all reservoirs that will be in
operation by 1970; these flows were estimated by the U.S. Corps of
Engineers and the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission.
Mahoning, etc. (1) The design or critical flows based on information
from the U.S. Copps of Engineers after the West Branch Reservoir is
placed in operation are 450 cfs* during the summer and 225 cfs during the
winter. These flows will be used in applying the stream water quality
criteria.
OKLAHOMA
Water Quality Serveillance Program, June, 1967.
I. Routine monitoring of significant waste discharges:
2. Checks by State Agencies. State Department of Health.
. . .All test procedures will be in accordance with the latest
edition of "Standard Methods for the Examination of Waters and Waste
Water" published by the American Public Health Association, Inc. -
except that in plant control and routine surveillance checks, other
widely accepted procedures may be approved if it can be demonstrated
that the results obtained are comparable to the results obtained by
*Cubic Feet per Second.
18
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standard methods.
II. Stream water quality monitoring stations.
. . . Sampling frequencies and kinds of water quality measurements
will be those necessary to determine compliance with the water quality
criteria or as necessary for water resources management. Sampling and
analytical procedures will conform to standard methods or other widely
accepted procedures comparable to standard methods and approved by the
water pollution control agencies.
Flow (Criteria; set by river basins.)
The proposed criteria are applicable at all times and at all flows,
except as otherwise indicated.
Salt Fork of the Arkansas, etc. Specific Criteria. 9. Dissoved
Oxygen - The dissolved oxygen concentration shall not be less than 4 mg/1,*
except that this limitation of 4 mg/1 will not be applicable in the immediate
vicinity of the point of waste discharge when the stream flow is less than
200% of the waste flow. In addition, the relationship of dissolved
oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of waste
releases, and the flow characteristics of the stream shall not create
conditions downstream that are detrimental to beneficial uses.
(Other areas--provisions identical.)
OREGON
Implementation and Enforcement Plan for the Public Waters of the State
of Oregon, May, 1967. Water Quality Standards Surveillance Plan for
Drainage Basinsin Oregon; General Surveillance.
The present state 6'f Oregon's water quality surveillance program
involves periodic checking of fixed stations that are selected as
monitoring or control points above and below pollution sources or near
the mouths of streams. As these points it is usual to run a sanitary
survey consisting of date, time, flow, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen
(DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Perle Benson Index (PBI), specific
conductance, most probable number of coliforms (MPN), and any other
parameter that appears to be pertinent to the particular area or condition.
In many cases waste treatment samples, domestic, municipal, agricultural
or industrial, are analyzed jointly with the sanitary survey to coordinate
cause and effect relationships. In addition to the sanitary survey,
basic data are run at strategic locations. For these points laboratory
analysesare performed including pH, color, turbidity, total solids,
suspended solids, alkalinity, hardness, sulfates, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate-
nitrogen, phosphates, and chlorides. Wherever other chemicals or
problems are suspected, special analyses are made to characterize these
conditions. All testing is in accordance with Standard Method'**.
Frequency of sampling varies from daily to yearly depending on needs for
the data. Each of the stations is identified by code numbers, river mile
*Mi Hi grams per Liter.
19
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and other identifying features so that samples are taken at the same
point each time. . .
**Standard Methods for Analysis of Water and Wastewater, 12th Edition,
APHA, AWWA and WPCF, 1962.
Flow
11-105. Maintenance of Standards of Quality. (1) The degree of
waste treatment required to restore and maintain the above standards
of quality shall be determined in each instance by the State Sanitary
Authority and shall be based upon the following:
(b) The size and nature of flow of the receiving stream. . . .
Implementation. 9. Design Stream flow. Hydrographs of flow for
selected points in the basins are shown in the tentative water quality
standards. Currently no comprehensive program for assessing the relationships
between flows, treatment and resources has been completed for the state of
Oregon. The Oregon State Sanitary Authority is presently engaged in an
Ultimate Needs Study with the Water Resources Board to determine minimum flow
needs. . . . Much more work is needed before acceptable minimal stream
flows can be set. The main needs are for travel times and physical
characteristics of the streams to determine reoxygenation coefficients and
for tests to determine deoxygenation rates.
PENNSYLVANIA
Water Quality Standards for Pennsylvania's Interstate Streams, June,
1967. Section V, Implimentation Plan, Part II. I. Sarveillance Program.
Stream Monitoring.
We believe that the stream monitoring program related to water quality
standards enforcement should be carried out by an intensive low flow
sampling program. Such low flow sampling would be conducted in the criti-
cal reaches of streams. We believe that this type of sampling will
enable us to determine if the water quality criteria are being met and
better relate waste treatment requirements of water qualtity criteria.
(No provisions regarding analytical methods.)
Flow (Implementation)
D. Design Flow, The implementation plan has been designed using a
criteria or design stream flow equivalent to the minimum seven consecutive
day flow that occurs one time in ten years. Treatment plants designed to
meet the criteria at the critical flow conditions are to be operated at
that design efficiency at all times. This will result in water quality ex-
ceeding the criteria most of the time.
20
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Part II, Surveillance Program, (b) Stream Monitoring. We believe
that the stream monitoring program related to water quality standards
enforcement should be carried out by an intensive low flow sampling program.
Such low flow sampling would be conducted in the critical reaches of streams.
We believe that this type of sampling will enable us to determine if
the water quality criteria are being met and better relate waste treatment
requirements to water quality criteria.
RHODE ISLAND
Water Quality Standards for Interstate Waters. Department of Health,
Division of Water Pollution Control. June, 1967. Surveillance.
Programs.
To evaluate water quality, composite samples of non-tidal streams
taken during periods of low flow and in the case of tidal streams
samples representative of the various tidal stages will be collected and
analyzed periodically, and whenever there has been a significant change
in the amount of pollution entering the watercourse. . . The samples
will be collected, preserved and analyzed in accordance with the recom^
mendations of the latest edition of "Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water and Wastewater."
Flow (Criteria.)
Notes. 9. The minimum average daily flow for seven consecutive days
that can be expected to occur once in ten years shall be the minimum
flow to which the standards apply.
SOUTH CAROLINA
Water Classification-Standards for the State of South Carolina, Adopted
by the Pollution Control Authority September 8, 1971. Section III,
Rules Applicable to All Classes and Standards.
5. In making any tests or analytical determinations on classified
waters to determine compliance or non-compliance with water quality
standards, representative samples shall be collected at locations
approved by the Pollution Control Authority.
a. Samples shall be taken from points so distributed over the area
and depth of the waters being studied as to permit a realistic
appraisal of such actual or potential damage to water use or
aquatic life as may exist.
b. Bioassay methods may be employed in appropriate situations to
determine medium tolerance limits (TLm) and/or concentration of
toxic substances.
c. Temporal distribution of samples in tidal waters shall be such
21
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as to cover the full range of tidal conditions.
d. The criteria are applicable to any fresh water stream when the
flow rate is equal to or greater than the minimum seven-day
average flow rate that occurs with an average frequency of
once in ten years.
Implementation Plan, Section I. F. Implementation Program.
2. Monitoring and Surveillance Programs. . . . Analytical and other
technical procedures are as prescribed in the latest edition of STAND-
ARD METHODS FOR THE EXAMINATION OF WATER AND WASTEWATER, or by such
other methods which are considered to be reliable by the professional
staff of the Pollution Control Authority. . .
Flow (Rules Applicable to All Classes and Standards.)
6.d. The criteria are applicable to any fresh water stream when
the flow rate is equal to or greater than the minimum seven-day average
flow rate that occurs with an average frequency of once in ten years.
Definitions. Swamp Waters shall refer to those waters having those
color and chemical characteristics found in waters which have been
exposed for a substantial time to decaying vegetable matter under natural
conditions. Under appropriate conditions this designation shall be applied
without regard to be velocity of the flow of the water.
SOUTH DAKOTA
Water Quality Standards for the Surface Waters of South Dakota,
Adopted by the South Dakota Committee on Water Pollution, February 16,
1967.
Section II - Conditions Applying to All Surface Water.
2. Toxic Materials. . . . Median tolerance concentrations shall be
based on the results of the most recent research results for
the material being studied or, in the case of disagreement, by
bioassay tests simulating actual stream conditions run in
accordance with procedures outlined in the latest edition of
"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater"
published by the American Public Health Association and using
test animals or organisms specified by the Committee. (Amended
12/5/69.)
Section III - Enforcement Provisions.
5. Tests or analytical procedures to determine conformity or non-
conformity with the criteria will be made in accordance with
the methods given in "Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water and Wastewater - 1965" published by the American
22
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Public Health Association, or as otherwise specified by the Com-
mittee. Acceptability of laboratory results will be determined
by the Committee.
6. In making tests or analytical determinations of surface waters
to determine conformity or non-conformity with the established
criteria, samples shall be collected in such manner and at
such locations, times and frequencies as approved by the Committee.
Every effort should be made to make the samples representative
of the receiving waters after reasonable opportunity
for dilution and mixture with the pollution material discharged
thereto.
TENNESSEE
Implementation and Enforcement Plan for Interstate Streams of
Tennessee, Adopted on May 26, 1967, Tennessee Stream Pollution Control
Board. 8. Water Quality Surveillance Program.
d) Sample Collection and Analysis Sampling, preservation and analytical
procedures are as directed by Standard Methods or other approved procedures.
Flow (Interpretation of Criteria.)
4. The criteria set forth shall be applied on the basis of the following
stream flows: Unregulated streams - stream flows equal to or exceeding
the 3-day minimum, 20-year recurrence interval; regulated streams - in-
stantaneous miraimum flow.
TEXAS
General Statement, Texas Water Quality Requirements. Oct. 5, 1967.
3. Sampling will be in accordance with fully recognized procedures.
Samples must be representative of the receiving waters allowing
time and distance for mixing.
5. The values established by the parameters in these water quality
requirements relate to analytical procedures outlined in the
latest edition of the "Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Wastewater" as prepared and published jointly by the
American Public Health Association, the American Water Works
Association, and the Water Pollution Control Federation.
In evaluating toxicity, bioassay techniques are to be selected
suited for the particular purpose at hand. . .
6. The suitability of water for irrigation will be based on the
irrigation water classification system developed by the Uni-
versity of California at Davis and the U.S. Salinity Laboratory
at Riverside, California. . .
23
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The SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) should not exceed 8 for
waters safe for irrigation. Sampling and analytical proce-
dures and schedules are not specified, but will be as appro-
priate for adequate protection of irrigation water.
Flow
No specification.
UTAH
Water Quality Standards and Implementation Plan for Interstate Water.
June, 1967. Implementation and Enforcement Plan. Surveillance.
Sampling and analytical techniques. Samples for MPN coliforms and
for BOD analyses are collected in appropriate containers and are
packed in ice from time of collection until delivery to the laboratory.
Delay in route for these samples is seldom in excess of 24 hours. Sam-
ples for chemical and radiological analyses are collected in appropriate
containers and are also delivered to the laboratory on a rapid schedule.
All analyses of interstate water samples, except radiologic analyses,
are carried out by the Utah State Department of Health Division of
Laboratories in accordance with "Standard Methods for the Examination, of
Water and Wastewater - Twelfth Edition 1956" as published by the American
Public Health Association, Inc. Radiologic analyses are conducted by the
radiological health laboratory within the Division of Environmental Health.
Flow (Criteria.)
Specific Standards Assigned to Interstate Waters. Stream flow and
sampling considerations. Although not covered explicitly by the standards,
it is clearly implied that the quality requirements relate to all uses
and must apply, therefore, to all flows. At the same time, anyone know-
ledgeable in matters of water quality control will realize that a given
set of standards can be made unachievable if the normal wide fluctuation
in stream stages is not recognized. For this reason standards have
been related to minimum monthly-average flows in specific situations where
permits are being considered. The complexities of stream patterns argue for
the development of more information before flows are tied precisely to
quality parameters.
Nevertheless, as presently constituted and applied, standards require
minimum practicable treatment for any situation, including a dry stream
channel, by reason of the requirement that any effluent release from a
controlled area must meet certain bacterial and B.O.D. standards (See
following discussion under "Effluent Standards").
24
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Effluent standards (mimimum practicable treatment . While the stand-
ards described apply generally to receiving stream flow, they can and must
become effluent standards as required by lack of dilution water. . . .
VERMONT
Implementation Plan, Vermont Water Resources Board, June, 1967.
Surveillance
In general, sampling and analyses are done in accordance with
Standard Methods. . . Stream sampling is done on a "grab" sample basis except
where time and space of the pollution distribution is questionable and should
be considered.
Flow
Implementation Plan, June 1967. Surveillance.
. . . Stahdards shall apply to stream conditions existing during criterical
minimum low flow periods. On many streams the critical flow does not have the
usual frequency of occurrence that can be assigned on a hydroloqic basis, but
rather the flow is regulated by the operation of hydroelectric stations. The
usual summer or low flow operation is released during the peak electric use
time and stored during the remainder; this becomes critical on summer week-
ends.
On streams where regulation is not a problem,the low seven-day average
flow with a return period once in ten years will be used.
VIRGINIA
Commonwealth of Virginia, Water Quality-Standards, 1970.
2.04 Samples to determine compliance with standards established for
estuarine or open ocean waters will be collected at slack before
flood tide or slack before ebb tide.
The standards contain no general provision regarding analytical methods.
The following methodology was employed in a study of the James River.
U.S. Public Health Service - Virginia Institute of Marine Science -
JAMES RIVER STUDY, Analytical Methods.
Analysis Method or Reference
ALL WATER SAMPLES Submersible pump
1. Temperature Thermometer
2. Salinity Conductimetry (Ind. Instr. RS7A)
3. Dissolved oxygen "Standard Methods" paqe 316 (modified)
4. PH Beckman N-2 Meter
5. Alkalinity Barnes, 1959, page 204
6. Phytopigments Yentsch and Menzell, 1963
7. Secchi Disk Reading
25
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10.
Seston
a. Total
b. Bioseston (loss on ignition)
c. Abioseston (fixed residue)
Phosphorus forms
a. Soluble reactive
b. Soluble unreactive
c. Particulate reactive
d. Particulate unreactive
e. Total phosphorus
Nitrogen forms
a. Ammonia
b. Nitrite
c. Nitrate
d. Organic Nitrogen
Modified from "Standard Methods"
0.8 u membrane filters used
instead of gooch crucibles
Separation of Forms;
Strickland and Parsons, 1960
Oxidation:
Menzel and Corwin, m.s.
Colorimetry:
Standard Methods, page 203 (modified)
To be frozen until method refined
Strickland and Parsons, 1960
Reduction - Norris and Riley, 1963
modified by Carpenter.
Micro-Kjeldael, A.O.A.C. page 643.
Flow (Rules with General State-wide Application.)
1.02. Stream standards will apply whenever flows are equal to, or greater
than, the minimum mean 7-consecutive day drought flow with a 10-year return
frequency.
WASHINGTON
Implementation and Enforcement Plan for Interstate and Coastal Waters.
December, 1967.
(No provisions regarding sampling and analytical methods.)
Flow
No specification..
WEST VIRGINIA
West Virginia Administrative Regulations, State Water Resources Board.
Requirements Governing the Discharge of Sewage, Industrial Wastes and
Other Wastes into the Waters of the State. Chapter 20, Articles 5 and
5A, Code of West Virginia. Effective: August 18, 1970. Section 4.
Reporting Spills and Accidental Discharges, (c) It shall be the respon-
sibility of each industrial establishment or other entity discharging
directly to a stream to have available insofar as practicable and reason-
able the following information pertaining to those substances that are
employed or handled in its operation in sufficiently large amounts as to
constitute a hazard in case of an accidental spill and discharge into a public
stream:
(2) Details on analytical procedures for the quantitative estimation
of such substances in water.
26
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Implementation Plan, 1968. Water Quality Surveillance Program.
The Division of Water Resources has bad a water quality network since
1960. It is the plan to expand the existing network and where possible to
monitor the State waters on a continuous basis.
The Division maintains and staffs a large well-equipped laboratory
with the latest instruments. The laboratory applies methods of analysis
that are in the current edition of Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water and Wastewater.
The State Water Quality Network.
The Division of Water Resources will collect river samples at the
locations listed as stream monitoring stations.
Sample collectors will be employed and trained to properly collect,
and bring to the central laboratory, water samples from the monitoring
stations.
Bacterial samples (coliform) will be collected at station site in
4 oz. pre-sterilized sample bottles. The sterilizing will be done at
the central laboratory. Bacteria bottles will be subjected to twenty
pounds pressure, 248° F for fifteen minutes. Coliform samples will either
be brought or bussed to the central laboratory so that not more than 24
hours time will have elapsed from collection to the beginning of the
analysis. In addition to coliform, the Division of Water Resources will
monitor fecal streptococcus and fecal coliform at all station sites.
Water samples for mineral and other chemical determinations will be
collected at sample location in properly clean polyethylene containers.
Samples that require the addition of preservation will be collected in
separate containers.
Temperature will be made in the field at station location; thermo-
meter will be Fahrenheit scale and will be checked and corrected against
a Bureau of Standards thermometer kept in the central laboratory.
Dissolved oxygen tests will be collected and fixed in the field at
station sites.
River Samples will be made at a point judged by samples to be repre-
sentative of stream flow. The only exception to this criteria will be
on the Kanawha River where presently mass discharge points are located
at each bridge sample station.
Flow (Criteria; set for individual basins.)
The following stream quality standards are to apply at all times
when flows are equal to or greater than the minimum mean 7-consecutive
day drought with a 10-year return frequency.
27
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WISCONSIN
State of Wisconsin. Water Quality Standards for Interstate Waters
with Report on Implementation and Enforcement. June, 1967. Chapter RD 2.
RD2.01. Guidelines for application of standards.
(3) Test procedures shall conform with "Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater," 12th Edition, 1965, prepared and
edited by the American Public Health Association, American Waterworks
Association and Water Pollution Control Federation or by other methods
acceptable to the department of resource development and not contrary to
the requirements of the federal government. The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
Rules and Regulations, Title 10, Part 20, Standards for Protection Against
Radiation, December 22, 1965, will apply to the disposal and permissible
concentrations of radioactive substances.
(4) ... Available water, when used in evaluating compliance with
standards, will be based on the lowest average dilution for any period of
7 consecutive days in the most recent 10 years. In evaluating compliance,
determinations of water quality will be made in accordance with procedures
which will assure that the designated uses of such waters are fully protected.
Flow
RD 2.01. Guidelines for application of standards. (4) Water quality
standards do not assure quantity and natural quality. Available water,
when used in evaluating compliance with standards, will be based on the
lowest average dilution for any period of 7 consecutive days in the most
recent 10 years. . . .
WYOMING
Wyoming Department of Public Health Water Quality Standards for
Interstate Waters in Wyoming, filed October 31, 1968.
Chapter 1, Policy and Definitions.
Section 6. Control Points. Generally the following policies will
govern the selection of sampling sites.
a. Bacteriological standards which protect water supply and full
body contact will be determined at water supply intakes and designated full
body contact recreation areas. Bacteriological standards covering limited
body contact may be determined at any point on the stream.
b. Basic chemical analysis will be determined from samples taken at
established U.S.G.S. sampling points.
c. Parameters which are toxic or generally affect aquatic life, wild-
life, etc. will be determined at any point in the stream as indicated by
conditions.
28
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d. The effect of physical parameters such as color, temperature and
turbidity shall be determined after time for mixing.
Section 9. Testing Procedures. For determination of the parameters
involved in the standards, analysis will be in accord with "Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 12th Edition, 1965",
where applicable.
Where standard methods of testing have not been established, the
suitability of testing procedures shall be determined by the public
agencies involved.
Section 10. Flow Conditions. On the developed standards, the basis
of stream selection, the parameters used, and units of measurement make
these standards apply to all flow conditions. However, it would be expected
that some of the standards would be violated under the 1 in 25 year
drought conditions.
Flow
Policy and Definitions. Section 10. Flow Conditions. On the
developed standards, the basis of stream selection, the paramenters used,
and units of measurement make these standards apply to all flow conditions.
However, it would be expected that some of the standards would be violated
under the 1 in 25 year drought conditions.
Section 2. Basis of Designation. . . . Water quality standards will
be developed for all interstate streams that maintain sufficient flow at
the state line to maintain a permanent fishery.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Revised Water Quality Criteria and Uses (1972)—1968.
. . . Sampling frequency shall provide a sound basis for computations.
Within the limits of field conditions, sampling point locations will be
selected to permit the collection of representative samples. The following
criteria shall apply to all stream flows equal to or exceeding the 7-day,
10-year minimum flow except where, and to the extent that, natural conditions
prevent their attainment.
Implementation and Enforcement Plan.
M. Surveillance:
1. Department of Sanitary Engineering. The Water Pollution Control
Plant of the District of Columbia has full time laboratory control which
provides complete monitoring of discharges to the Potomac River. Samples
are collected and analyzed by the D.C. Department of Samitary Engineering
at the following points . . .
Sampling and analytical methods are in accordance with the latest
29
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edition of "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,"
APHA, WPCF.
2. The Department of Public Health monitors Rock Creek. Five
locations from the D.C. line to Pennsylvania Avenue are sampled weekly
Samples are collected and analyzed in accordance with procedures
contained in the latest edition of "Standard Methods."
Flow (Criteria)
. . . The following criteriashall apply to all stream flows equal
to or exceeding the 7-day, 10-year minimum flow except where, and to the
extent that, natural conditions prevent their attainment.
GUAM
Standards of Water Quality for the Waters of the Territory of Guam,
April, 1968. Water Quality Surveillance and Monitoring Program.
All sampling, testing and reporting procedures will, be conducted
in accordance with the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Exam-
ination of Water, Sewage and Industrial Wastes, or with other techniques
acceptable to the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.
Bio-assay procedures will be conducted in accordance with the methods
stated in the National Technical Advisory Committee's Report to the Secretary
of the Interior.
Flow
No specification.
PUERTO RICO
Report on Water Quality Criteria and Plan of Implementation for Coastal
Waters of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Implementation and Enforcement
Plan.
All analysis will be performed according to the "Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Waste Waters" (latest edition).
Flow
No specification.
VIRGIN ISLANDS
Report of Water Quality Standards Criteria and Plan for Implementation.
Virgin Islands, July, 1967, with Revisions of 8/25/67. Water Quality
Criteria.
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Note: The analytical procedures used as methods of analysis to determine
the chemical, bacteriological, biological, and radiological quality for
waters sampled shall be in accordance with the latest edition of "Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater" or other methods
approved by the Virgin Islands Department of Health and the Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration.
Flow
No specification.
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