EPA-450/3-75-084
October 1975
                   MONITORING
              VINYL CHLORIDE
          AROUND POLYVINYL
      CHLORIDE FABRICATION
                         PLANTS
     U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
        Office of Air and Waste Management
     Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
     Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

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                             EPA-450/3-75-084
      MONITORING
   VINYL  CHLORIDE
 AROUND POLYVINYL
          PLANTS
              by
  PEDCo-Environmentftl Specialists, Inc.
       Suite 13, Atkinson Square
        Cincinnati, Ohio 45246

       Contract No. 68-02-1375
          Project No. 20
  EPA Project Officer: Harold G. Richter
           Prepared for

  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
    Office of Air and Waste Management
 Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

           October 1975

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This report is issued by the Environmental Protection Agency to report
technical data of interest to a limited number of readers.  Copies are
available free of charge to Federal employees, current contractors and
grantees, and nonprofit organizations - as supplies permit - from the
Air Pollution Technical Information Center, Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina 27711; or, for a fee,
from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, Virginia 22161.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by
PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc. Cincinnati, Ohio 45246, in fulfillment
of Contract No, 68-Q2-1375.  The contents of this report are reproduced
herein as received from PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc.  The
opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed are those of the author
and not necessarily those of the Environmental Protection Agency.
Mention of company or product names is not to be considered as an endorse-
ment by the Environmental Protection Agency.
                    Publication No. EPA-450/3-75-084

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                       ACKNOWLEDGMENT






     This report was prepared for the U.S. Environmental



Protection Agency by PEDCo-Environmental Specialists, Inc.,



Cincinnati, Ohio.  Mr. Lawrence Elfers was the PEDCo Project



Manager.  Principal authors of the report were Messrs.



Anthony Wisbith, Everett Barnett and Lawrence Elfers.



     Mr. Harold Richter was the Project Officer for the



Environmental Protection Agency.  The authors appreciate the



many contributions made to this study by Mr. Richter and



other members of the National Environmental Research Center



in Raleigh, North Carolina.
                              iii

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                      TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                       Page

ACKNOWLEDGMENT                                         iii

1.0  INTRODUCTION                                      1-1

2.0  SAMPLING LOCATIONS                                2-1

     2.1  Specific Monitoring Activities               2-3

          2.1.1  Ford Company Vinyl Plant              2-3
          2.1.2  Sylvania Electric Corporation         2-5
          2.1.3  Congoleum Company                     2-6
          2.1.4  Reynolds Metals Company               2-8
          2.1.5  Charlotte Plastics                    2-10
          2.1.6  Royal Electric, Division of ITT       2-12

3.0  SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES                3-1

     3.1  Sampling Equipment                           3-1

     3.2  Field Operations                             3-3

          3.2.1  Meteorological Measurements           3-3

     3.3  Analytical Procedures                        3-4

          3.3.1  Preparation of Standards              3-4
          3.3.2  Desorption of Vinyl Chloride          3-5
                 from Charcoal
          3.3.3  Analytical Method                     3-6
          3.3.4  Desorption Efficiency                 3-6

     3.4  Quality Assurance Data                       3-8

          3.4.1  NBS Vinyl Chloride Reference Samples  3-8
          3.4.2  Split Samples                         3-12
          3.4.3  Calibrating Hypodermic Needles        3-12

4.0  RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS                           4-1

     4.1  Maximum Detected Levels                      4-1

          4.1.1  Ford Vinyl Plant                      4-1
                              IV

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               TABLE OF CONTENTS  (continued).
                                                       Paqe
          4.1.2  Congoleum Company                     4-2
          4.1.3  Reynolds Metals                       4-2

     4.2  Conclusions                                  4-5

APPENDIX A  SAMPLING SITE DESCRIPTIONS                 A-l

APPENDIX B  METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY                B-l

APPENDIX C  EPA METHOD FOR THE ANAYLSES OF VINYL       C-l
            CHLORIDE

APPENDIX D  FIELD OPERATORS GUIDE                      D-l

APPENDIX E  AMBIENT VINYL CHLORIDE DATA SUMMARY        E-l
                              V

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                      1.0  INTRODUCTION





     Vinyl chloride has recently been demonstrated to be a



carcinogen.  It has been detected in the atmosphere sur-



rounding both vinyl chloride monomer plants and polymeriza-



tion plants.  As a result of these discoveries, the need for



ambient air standards for this and similar materials are



under investigation by the U.S. Environmental Protection



Agency.



     The presence of vinyl chloride in the atmosphere sur-



rounding polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fabrication plants has not



yet been demonstrated.  If it does exist, then State Imple-



mentation Plans (SIP) may have to be modified to require



surveillance monitoring around these plants.  The purpose of



this contract was to determine whether the concentration of



vinyl chloride near such fabrication plants is of a suf-



ficient magnitude as to require agency action.



     To this end an ambient air monitoring program was



conducted in the spring of 1975.  This program encompassed



six sampling areas in the Eastern United States.  Five of



the sampling areas were in the vicinity of PVC fabrication



plants.  The sixth was a "control" area near a plastic



fabrication plant which did not use PVC.  This was designed



to provide background data from a similar industrialized
                              1-1

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area.  Locations were selected by the Monitoring and Reports



Branch, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, of the



U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Table 1-1 presents



the sampling locations and dates of sampling periods.  Four



sampling sites were located near each plant.  The sampling



program for each plant site was conducted for 14 consecutive



days, during which integrated 24-hour samples were collected



on activated charcoal adsorption tubes.  The samples were



shipped to the PEDCo-Environmental laboratory and analyzed



for their vinyl chloride content within 48 hours of sam-



pling.  The sampling sites, techniques, analysis, and



quality control procedures are described and the monitoring



results are presented in this report.  No attempt has been



made to evaluate the health-related implications of the



data.
                              1-2

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            Table 1-1.  VINYL CHLORIDE STUDY AREAS

                    AND SAMPLING PERIODS
     Study area
Sampling period
Ford Motor Company, Vinyl Plant
Mt. Clemens, Michigan

G.T.E. Sylvania, Inc.
Warren, Pennsylvania

Congoleum Industries
Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania

Reynolds Metals Company
Packaging Division - Plastics
Grottoes, Virginia

Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Co.
Charlotte Plastics Division
Monroe, North Carolina

ITT
Royal Electric Division
Pawtucket, Rhode Island
February 12 to
February 26, 1975

February 15 to
March 1, 1975

March 12 to
March 26, 1975

March 15 to
March 29, 1975
April 10 to
April 24, 1975
May 22 to
June 5, 1975
                              1-3

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                  2.0  SAMPLING LOCATIONS


     The fabrication plants which were selected are located

throughout the Eastern United States.  The general geo-

graphic location of each site is presented in Figure 2-1 and

brief geographic site descriptions are provided as follows:

     0    Ford Motor Company - This plant is located within
          the city of Mt. Clemens, Michigan.  Mt. Clemens
          has a population of twenty-one thousand and is
          located approximately three miles west of Lake St.
          Clair and twenty miles north of Detroit.

     0    G.T.E. Sylvania, Inc. - This plant is located
          within the city of Warren, Pennsylvania.  Warren
          is a city of thirteen thousand, located in the
          northwestern section of Pennsylvania within the
          Allegheny River Valley.

     0    Congoleum Industries - This plant is located in
          the city of Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania.  Marcus
          Hook is one of the many small industrial towns
          located along the Delaware River between Phila-
          delphia, Pennsylvania and Wilmington, Delaware.

     0    Reynolds Metals Company - This plant is located
          near the town of Grottoes, Virginia which is a
          small town of twelve hundred residents.  The area
          is primarily rural and lies within the Shenandoah
          Valley, approximately twenty-two miles northwest
          of Charlottesville, Virginia.

     0    Charlotte Plastics Division - This plant is
          located in the rural area of Monroe Township,
          North Carolina.  The city of Monroe, North Caro-
          lina is approximately four miles southeast and the
          city of Charlotte, North Carolina is approximately
          fifteen miles northwest of the plant site.

     0    ITT, Royal Electric Division ITT - This plant is
          located within the city of Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
          Pawtucket,  a city of eighty-eight thousand, lies
          at the northern edge of Providence, Rhode Island.
                               2-1

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                                             ITT ROYAL
                                             ELECTRIC
Figure 2-1.   Map of sampling  locations,
                    2-2

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2.1  SPECIFIC MONITORING ACTIVITIES



     Four sampling sites were selected at each plant loca-



tion, considering prevailing wind conditions, proximity to



the plant, availability of electric power and security.



Whereever possible, sites were located on all four sides of



the plant area.  Each sampling site had one sampler with the



exception of the site considered to be in the prevailing



downwind direction.  Two samplers were placed at the down-



wind site in order to achieve duplicate samples for the



quality assurance program.  Additionally, meteorological



data were obtained from the nearest reliable source.



2.1.1  Ford Motor Company Vinyl Plant



     Sampling in this area was conducted from February 12 to



February 26, 1975.  This polyvinyl chloride fabrication



plant is located at the outskirts of the city of Mount



Clemens, Michigan.  Residential areas adjoin the plant



property on three sides.  The terrain is generally flat.



Sampling sites were established as indicated in Figure 2-2.



No site was located north of the plant since it was felt



that organic solvents from the nearby Ford paint plant could



interfere with analytical determinations.  Descriptions of



individual sampling sites are presented in Appendix A.



2.1.1.1  Meteorological Data - Meteorological data for this



sampling period were obtained from the Selfridge Air National



Guard Base located three miles east of the plant.  These



meteorological data are also presented in Figure 2-2 as
                              2-3

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                     SCALE
                1 in.  =  600 ft.
 LITTLE LEAGUE
   BALL PARK
                                   ST. JOSEPH HOSPITAL
Figure  2-2.
Sampling  sites at Ford  vinyl plant,
Mt, Clemens,  Michigan.
                    2-4

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directional frequency components and wind speed frequencies.

A complete meteorological data summary for the 14-day sam-

pling period is presented in Appendix B.

2.1.1.2  Plant Operations - The Ford vinyl plant manufac-

turers vinyl upholstery material for the automobile in-

dustry.  Overall production during the 14-day sampling

period was estimated at 35 percent of capacity.*  During

this time approximately 360,000 pounds of PVC plastics were

used.

2..1.2  G.T.E. Sylvania, Inc.

     Sampling in this area was conducted from February 15 to

March 1, 1975.  The Sylvania plant is located in the In-

dustrial River front area at Warren, Pennsylvania.  Indus-

trial properties border the plant on two sides.  The resi-

dential areas of the town lie to the northwest, north and

northeast.  The topography of the land is generally level

from the bank of the Allegheny River to the edge of town

where the elevation rises and the land becomes wooded.  On

the southwest side of the river wooded hills rise at the

rivers edge.  Sampling sites were established as indicated

in Figure 2-3.  All sites were at the same ground elevation

as the plant except Site D which was approximately 50 feet

higher.  Descriptions of individual sampling sites are

presented in Appendix A.
  Production rates are estimates obtained from plant manage-
  ment and are not based on official records.
                              2-5

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2.1.2.1  Prevailing Meteorological Conditions - No reliable

meteorological data were available for this sampling area.

Observations by the field operator indicated that winds were

generally in a northeasterly or southwesterly direction, as

depicted in Figure 2-3.

2.1.2.2  Plant Operations - G.T.E. Sylvania, Inc., plant at

Warren is a manufacturer of wire and cable products.  This

plant does not employ polyvinyl chloride plastic in its

manufacturing process; thus it was used as a control study

area.  During the sampling period the plant was operating at

80 percent of capacity.*

2.1.3  Congoleum Industries

     Sampling in this area was conducted from March 12 to

March 26, 1975.  The Congoleum Industries plant is located

in Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania, which is one of the small but

highly industrialized towns along the Delaware River south

of Philadelphia.  Industrial and residential properties are

intermixed in this area.  The topography of the land dis-

plays a gentle slope rising upward from the Delaware River a

half mile southeast of the plant.  Northwest of the plant

the elevation increases until it forms a low ridge rising

above the height of the plant buildings.  To the northeast

and southwest the elevation of the land varies little from

that of the plant.
* Production rates are estimates obtained from plant manage-
  ment and are not based on official records.
                              2-6

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                                             0   300   600
                                             X.i	1—
                                                SCALE

                                            1  in. = 600 ft.
Figure 2-3.
Sampling sites  at G.T.E. Sylvania,  Inc.,

Warren, Pennsylvania.
                           2-7

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     Two of the sampling sites,  (A and B), as indicated in

Figure 2-4, were located near company property.  Sites C and

D were located at a greater distance for security reasons.

Descriptions of individual sampling sites are given in

Appendix A.

2.1.3.1  Prevailing Meteorological Conditions - Meteoro-

logical data for the area were obtained from a system

located at the main gate of the Sun Oil Company, one mile

south of the Congoleum plant.  These data are presented in

Figure 2-4 as directional frequency components and wind

speed frequencies for the sampling period.  A complete

summary of wind data for the sampling period is presented in

Appendix B.

2.1.3.2  Plant Operations - The Congoleum plant at Marcus

Hook is a manufacturer of flooring materials.  The actual

production weight of PVC was not provided by plant manage-

ment.  Overall production rates of the plant during the

sampling period were estimated at 80 percent «. f capacity.*

2.1.4  Reynolds Metals Company

     Sampling in this area was conducted from March 15 to

March 29, 1975.  The Reynolds Metals plant is located at the

south edge of the town of Grottoes, Virginia.  The topo-

graphy of the land is generally flat to the south, north and

east.  To the west, a small hill rises from the bank of the
* Production rates are estimates obtained from plant manage-
  ment and are not based on official records.

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                                   % FREQUENCY^-'
                                     CALM OUT
CALM  1-5  6-10 11-20 21
    W1IKD SPEED, mtft
 0    300   600
     SCALE'
1  in.  = 600 ft.
   Figure  2-4.  Sampling sites at Congoleum pj.ant,
              Marcus Hook,  Pennsylvania.
                             2-9

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South River.  Sampling sites, which are presented in Figure

2-5, were located as close to plant property as the avail-

ability of electrical power would permit.  Descriptions of

individual sampling sites are presented in Appendix A.

2.1.4.1  Prevailing Meteorological Conditions - Meteoro-

logical data for this area were obtained from the Shenandoah

Valley Airport located three miles west of the plant.  Tnese

data are also presented in Figure 2-5, as directional fre-

quency components and wind speed frequencies for this sam-

pling period	Since-meteorological data were recorded from

5:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. each day, these data represent 75

percent of the sampling period. ,A complete summary of wind

data for the 14-day sampling period is presented in Appendix

B.

2.1.4.2  Plant Operations - The Reynolds Metals plant at

Grottoes is a producer of plastic film for the packaging

industry.  Overall production for the sampling period was

estimated at 40 percent of capacity.*  During this time

approximately 295,000 pounds of suspension polymerized PVC

were used.

2.1.5  Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Co., Charlotte Plastics
       Division

     Sampling in this area was conducted from April 10 to

April 24, 1975.  The Charlotte Plastics plant is located in

a rural area four miles northwest of Monroe, North Carolina.
* Production rates are estimates obtained from plant manage-
  ment and are not based on official records.
                              2-10

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                                        CALM  1-5 6-10 11-20  21
                                           WIND SPEED, mph
Figure  2-5,
Sampling  sites at Reynolds Metals  plant,
    Grottoes,  Virginia.
                            2-11

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The topography of the area is flat with mixed wooded and

open areas.  The sampling sites, shown in Figure 2-6, were

placed on all four sides of the plant at varying distances.

The lack of electrical power made it necessary to locate

Site B on company property.  Descriptions of individual

sampling sites are given in Appendix A.

2.1.5.1  Prevailing Meteorological Conditions - Meteoro-

logical data for this area were obtained from Douglas Air-

port at Charlotte, North Carolina, which is twenty-five

miles northwest of the sampling area.  Due to the distance

involved, care should be taken in interpretation of these

data with respect to the sampling area.  As before, data are

presented in Figure 2-6 as directional frequency components

and wind speed frequencies for the sampling period.  A

complete summary of wind data for the 14-day sampling period

is presented in Appendix B.

2.1.5.2  Plant Operations - The Charlotte Plastics plant at

Monroe is a fabricator of plastic pipe and fittings.  During

the sampling period approximately two million pounds of PVC

were used in production operations.*  The polymerization

process of the PVC employed was not provided by plant

management.

2.1.6  ITT, Royal Electric, Division

     Sampling in this area was conducted from May 22 to June

5, 1975.  The Royal Electric plant is located in the north-
* Production rates are estimates obtained from plant manage
  ment and are not based on official records.

                              2-12

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  "
§20
UJ
£10
                                               0    300   600
                                               i	i	i
                                                   SCALE
                                              1  in.  = 600 ft.
                                                       20
                                                 0   % FREQUENC.V
97*


I

1

    CALM 1-5  6-10 11-20 21-
        V/INO SPEED, mph
  Figure 2-6.   Sampling  sites at Charlotte Plastics plant,
                     Monroe,  North Carolina.

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east section of Pawtucket, Rhode Island.  Residential areas

lie on three sides of the plant.  Adjacent to the west side

of the plant is a small industrial property.  The topography

of the land is generally level.  The sampling sites, shown

in Figure 2-7, were located on all four sides of the plant.

Descriptions of individual sampling sites are presented in

Appendix A.

2.1.6.1  Prevailing Meteorological Conditions - Meteoro-

logical data for this area were obtained from the Rhode

Island Department of Health Air Pollution Station at Prov-

idence, located five miles southwest of the sampling area.

These data are presented in Figure 2-7 as directional fre-

quency components and wind speed frequencies for the sam-

pling period.  A complete summary of meteorological data for

the 14-day sampling period is presented in Appendix B.

2.1.6.2  Plant Operations - The Royal Electric plant is a

manufacturer of rubber and vinyl-coated wire and cable.

During the sampling period approximately 176,000 pounds of

PVC were used in production operations.*  The polymerization

process of the PVC employed was not provided by plant manage-

ment.
* Production rates are estimates obtained from plant manage-
  ment and are not based on official records.
                               2-14

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                                                        .  SCALE.
                                                  sk. 1  in. = 600 ft
                                                      NOTRE DAME
                                                       CEMETERY
-*
SO

40

30

20

10

1
I

i


      CALM 1-5  6-10 11-20 21-
        WIND SPfEDVmph
E

D
K
rc
L


   Figure  2-7.   Sampling sites  at Royal  Electric plant
                  Pawtucket, Rhode Island.               '
                               2-15

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           3.0  SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES





3.1  SAMPLING EQUIPMENT



     Vinyl chloride sampling was conducted with a specially



designed sampler as shown in Figure 3-1.  A vacuum pump  (1)



was used to maintain a vacuum greater than 0.5 atmosphere,



measured by a vacuum gage (2).  A critical orifice (3),



consisting of a 3/4-inch twenty-seven gage hypodermic



needle, controlled the sample air flow at approximately  200



ml/min.  An adsorption tube  (4), consisting of a borosili-



cate glass tube (18 in. long and 10 mm O.D.) filled with



activated charcoal, provided the collection medium.  This



tube was connected to the vacuum source by an appropriate



fitting.  A rotometer, calibrated at 25°C and 760 mm Hg with



a positive-displacement-type calibrator,  (traceable to an



NBS standard), was used to measure the sampling rate before



and after each 24-hour sampling period.  A tubular shield



(5) was provided to protect the absorption tube from light



and rain during sampling.  The sampler was normally mounted



on a wooden stand with the sampler inlet five feet above the



ground.  This sampling configuration incorporated all opera-



tional parameters as recommended in the U.S. Environmental



Protection Agency publication "Tentative Methods for Deter-



mination of Vinyl Chloride in the Atmosphere."  This method



is presented in Appendix C.





                              3-1

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                                               CRITICAL ORIFICE (3)
TO VACUUM
GAUGE (2)
                                                      LIGHT AND RAIN (5)
                                                      SHIELD ATTACHED HERE
                                                         ABSORPTION TUBE
                                                         ATTACHED  HERE (4)
                       VACUUM PUMP (1)
      Figure  3-1.  Custom-built vinyl chloride sampler,

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3.2  FIELD OPERATIONS



     For each survey, a local field operator was instructed



in operating the sampling devices as described in the



Operators Guide, see Appendix D.



     In order to standardize all field operations, the



operators would visit the sites at the same time each day,



starting at Site A and ending at Site D.  This permitted



sampling time at each site to be as near to 24 hours as



possible.  After installing a new adsorption tube, the



vacuum gage reading, tube number, flow rate and exact time



were recorded.  At the end of each sampling period and prior



to removing,, the adsorption tube, these readings were again



recorded.  The exposed adsorption tubes were capped and



stored in a light tight container.  Every other day the 10



exposed adsorption tubes were shipped in special padded



boxes via air mail to the PEDCo-Environmental laboratory for



analysis.



3.2.1  Meteorological Measurements



     Meteorological data at each sampling area were obtained



from the nearest reliable source.  As noted, the only



exception was at Warren, Pennsylvania, where visual observa-



tions made by the field operator were used.  Since these



measurements were generally not made in the immediate



vicinity of the sampling area, care should be taken in



relating them to measured vinyl chloride levels.
                              3-3

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3.3  ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES



     All standards were prepared using the procedure recom-



mended by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and



Health method P&CAM 127.  Analytical procedures followed the



U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's "Tentative Method for



the Determination o_f Vinyl Chloride in the Atmosphere by_ 24-



Hour Integrated Sampling" (Appendix C).



3.3.1  Preparation of Standards



     Vinyl chloride standards were prepared by dissolving



99.9 percent vinyl chloride gas in spectrophotometric grade



carbon disulfide.  Initially, five milliliters of carbon



disulfide were pipetted into two tared vials fitted with



teflon valve caps.  The vials were then weighed to the



nearest milligram and the liquid volume of carbon disulfide



determined from its weight and specific gravity;



     A 100 ml gas sampling bulb was flushed and filled with



vinyl chloride gas.  The bulb was allowed to equilibrate to



room temperature and pressure.  A 250 microli*-.er aliquot was



withdrawn, using a gas tight syringe, and injected into one



of the vials containing carbon disulfide.  This solution was



used as a'master stock.



     Fifty microliters of the master stock solution was



injected into a second vial containing a known volume of



carbon disulfide.  The concentration of vinyl chloride in



this solution was calculated and used as a working standard.
                              3-4

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     Initially, standards were prepared in the range of



0.001 yg VC/microliter of solution.  Since these tended to



degrade rapidly, standards were intentionally prepared at



lower concentrations (=0.0003 pg/microliter solution).  New



standards were prepared, as previously described, for each



set of analysis.  These were compared to the original low-



level standard and no significant change was observed in the



concentration of the original low-level standard during the



four month period of this study.  This low-level standard



was stored at 0°C in a teflon sealed vial when not in use.



3.3.2  Desorption of Vinyl Chloride from Charcoal



     Twenty-five ml graduated cylinders, fitted with ground



glass stoppers, were used as the desorption vessels.



Twenty-five milliliters of carbon disulfide were pipetted



into a cylinder, which was then stoppered and cooled to 0°C



in a refrigerated bath.  An exposed charcoal adsorption tube



was opened, the glass wool plug removed from one end, and



the contents shaken as rapidly as possible into the cyl-



inder, which was restoppered and swirled in the ice bath to



remove the heat of reaction  (from the charcoal contacting



the solvent).  This process was repeated for the rest of the



sample tubes.  The cylinders were left in the bath for one



hour to desorb the vinyl chloride from the charcoal.



     After one hour the tubes were removed, agitated, and a



portion transferred to a vial and sealed with a teflon-
                              3-5

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lined septum.  This aliquot of the sample was then used for



analysis.



3.3.3  Analytical Method



     A 2.5 m glass column, filled with 0.4 percent carbowax



1500 on carbopak A, was used with a Perkin Elmer model 990



gas chromotograph equipped with a flame ionization detector.



Helium was used as carrier gas, inlet pressure 60 psig, flow



rate 73 ml per minute.  Detector temperature and injection



block temperature were maintained at 150°C.  Column tempera-



ture was maintained at 70°C and was operated isothermally.



Approximately 3 microliters of sample were injected for



analysis.  Figure 3-2 illustrates the resulting chromatogram



typically obtained.



3.3.4  Adsorption-Desorption Efficiency



     Blank adsorption tubes were connected to a vacuum pump



using a critical orifice to regulate flow.  A glass "T" was



connected to the other end of the adsorption tube and one



end of the glass "T" was sealed with a septum.- which was



used for sample injection.  Another blank adsorption tube



was fitted to the other end of the "T" and served as a



scrubber for the room air being drawn into the tube.



     A gas sampling bulb was filled with vinyl chloride gas



and a 100 microliter sample of the gas was then injected



slowly into the adsorption tube through the septum.  Air



flow was continued through the tube for 10 minutes.  The
                              3-6

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•10
                                 1       0
                                 Time, minutes
           Figure 3-2.
Chromatogram for the determination
of vinyl chloride.
                                   3-7

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tubes were then disconnected and allowed to equilibrate for



24 hours.  They were then desorbed by the same procedure as



described in Section 3.3.2, analyzed with the gas chromato-



graphic technique as described in Section 3.3.3, and the



desorption efficiency calculated from the amount of vinyl



chloride injected versus the amount recovered.  The overall



desorption efficiency for twenty-eight samples was deter-



mined to be 89 percent.  The results of this study are



graphically displayed in Figure 3-3.



3.4  QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM



     In order to assure the validity of data generated



during the course of this project, a rigorous quality



assurance program was maintained in order to support the



data and also to point out any errors during analysis.



3.4.1  NBS Vinyl Chloride Reference Samples



     Charcoal adsorption tubes, identical to those used for



the collection of samples, were prepared by the National



Bureau of Standards and supplied to PEDCo-Env.' ronmental by



the Project Officer for quality control checks.  Thece tubes



had been spiked with vinyl chloride, in the range of 12 to



60 vg.  Using exactly the same desorption procedure as



described in Section 3.3.2, randomly selected quality



control samples were analyzed along with each batch of



samples and the results compared to the values provided by



the National Bureau of Standards.  Figures 3-4 and 3-5
                              3-8

-------
e-e
PERCENT RECOVERY
••j oo eo co co o
en o vi o en a
II I.I 1 II 1 II 1 1 1 1
O O 0
'->',- l-i /•> O
o u
O
O O
— .00 o —
o o o
0 0
0 0
0 0
o o
^w f\ .w-u.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
24 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
                                                                                    2o
                                                                                  X-a
                                                                                  X-2a
                                NUMBER OF ANALYSIS
"Figure  3-3.  Vinyl chloride desorption efficiency from activated charcoal.

-------


15
z- 14
O
1 13
1 12
w g
M
o E
i "
3£
O
• — J 11 fi
9


1 1 I 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1
• NBS VALUES • PEDCo VALUES
«» MBS MEAN — — PEDCo MEAN
IMIIII NBS 3a LEVEL
B
- 0 •
mm a «
m • • • •
11 a
__ « 	
_
•
I 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14



X+3a

X~
V

X-3a



                              NUMBER OF ANALYSIS
Figure 3-4.  Comparison of low-level vinyl  chloride quality control data.

-------

« 68
3.
i 66
DE CONCENTRAT
S S
o 60
0
^ 58

I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1
• NBS VALUES
1 1
• PEOCo VALUES
"•a-NBSMEAW — —PEDCoMEAN
•••mi NBS 3a LEVEL
HMinuiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiBiinminiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
- • •
a
~ ' •••-•'* *
, V . • •• •
""•->.'
. • • a

« •

• •
—
• _
—

:"-..* • • _,
iYiiniiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiitlliiiiBniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiigiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
- . • •
—
1 It 1 1 III
1 23 45 6 7 8


1 1
9 10

"
1 1 1
11 12 13

X+3a

X
X
X-3a



                               NUMBER OF ANALYSIS
Figxire 3-5.  Comparisons of high-level vinyl chloride  quality control data,

-------
illustrate these comparisons.  In the 12 yg range, the



average value determined by the PEDCo laboratory on 14



samples was 11.4 yg versus 11.9 yg reported by NBS.  This



results in an average difference of 4.4 percent.  In the 60



yg range, the average value determined by PEDCo on 13



samples was 61.4 yg versus 63.4 yg reported by NBS, an



average difference of 2.0 yg or 3.2 percent.



3.4.2  Split Samples



     Another phase of our Quality Assurance Program involved



the use of duplicate samples.  One of the sites in each



survey had two samplers operating simultaneously.  One of



the samples' was analyzed by the PEDCo laboratory.  For those



samples on which vinyl chloride was detected, the duplicate



was sent to the Project Officer for analysis by an indepen-



dent laboratory.  Table 3-1 shows the results of nine sets  3



of duplicate tubes analyzed by PEDCo and the independent



laboratory.  The average difference between laboratories was



0.9 +_ 0.6 yg.  The values indicated by an asterisk were not



included in the statistical evaluation since the "Q-test" of



Dean and Dixon, for the rejection of an observation, showed



that at the 90 percent confidence level the observed dif-



ference was found to exceed the expected range of differ-



ences.  Therefore, this set of values was rejected.



3.4.3  Calibrating Hypodermic Needles



     An additional phase of the Quality Assurance Program



was checking the flow rate of the critical orifices ^iu

-------
              Table 3-1.  PAIRED SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Micrograms vinyl chloride determined
PEDCo
3.4
2.2
5.6
2.5
4.1
1.0
1.8*
1.2
0.75
Independent
laboratory
2.6
2.5
6.4
3.9
3.7
3.5
6.7*
2.3
0.64
* Values not included in statistical evaluation.
                               3-13

-------
in the sampling equipment (a 3/4-inch, 27 gage hypodermic



needle was used as the critical orifice in the sampler).



The flow rate through each needle was determined by the



PEDCo laboratory using a soap bubble meter.  Six needles



were chosen at random and given to the Project Officer.



Flow rates were determined by the EPA and these values were



compared to those originally determined by PEDCo.  The



results are tabulated in Table 3-2.  Both values are cor-



rected to 760 mm Hg and 25°C.  The average difference, based



on an average flow rate of 200 cc/min, is 1.5 percent.
                             3-14

-------
     Table 3-2.  COMPARISON OF CRITICAL ORIFICE FLOW RATE
Needle No.
1
2
3
4
5
6"
Laboratory*
PEDCO
206
210
207
202
195
174
EPA
209
213
210
206
197
178
* All measurements reported as cc/min corrected to 25°C
  and 760 mm Hg.
                              3-15

-------
                4.0  RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS






     Vinyl chloride levels detected in the vicinity of



polyvinyl chloride fabrication plants were generally found



to be in the range of <0.5 ppb to 5 ppb for a 24-hour in-



tegrated average.  These are relatively low levels.  The



maximum vinyl chloride level for any single 24-hour period



was 7 ppb for a 24-hour integrated average.  In the six



study areas vinyl chloride was detected at three of them,



and these are subsequently discussed.  Sampling at the



G.T.E. Sylvania, Inc. plant, which was a "background" loca-



tion within a highly industrialized area, at the Charlotte



Plastics plant and at the Royal Electric Plant, produced



levels below the detection limit of 0.5 ppb.  A summary of



all measurement data is presented in Appendix E.



4.1  MAXIMUM DETECTED LEVELS



4.1.1  Ford Motor Company Vinyl Plant



     Figure 2-2, as previously presented, depicts the sam-



pling sites and the predominate meteorological conditions



which prevailed throughout the sampling period.  During most



of the sampling period, vinyl chloride was not detected.



However, one sampling day in particular should be given



special consideration.  On February 19, 1975 the highest



value for the sampling period was observed.  Meteorological
                              4-1

-------
conditions for this sampling day are presented in Figure 4-



1.  The winds were predominately from the southwest at 6 to



20 miles/hr.  A vinyl chloride concentration of 7 ppb for a



24-hour integrated average was observed at sampling site B



which is downwind of the plant.  No logical explanation



exists for this high level since the winds throughout the



sampling period were generally from the same direction.



4.1.2  Congoleum Industries



     During the first six days of the sampling period, from



March 12 to March 17, vinyl chloride was twice detected in



the range of 1 ppb.  From March 18 through March 25 vinyl



chloride was detected in every twenty-four hour sampling



period.   The general meteorological conditions, as shown in



Figure 4-2, did not differ significantly from those occur-



ring during the entire sampling period (See Figure 2-4).



     In general, measurements of vinyl chloride at Sites A,



C and B which were at the greatest distance from the plant



showed levels in the 1 to 3 ppb range.  Site il. which was



100 feet from the plant, displayed higher levels in the



range of 3 to 4 ppb.



4.1.3  Reynolds Metals Company



     During seven days in the middle of the sampling period



(March 19 to March 25),  vinyl chloride levels were detected



during each twenty-four hour period.  The levels were



consistently in the 1 to 2 ppb range for each site.  The
                              4-2

-------
                          0    300   600
                              SCALE
                         1 in. = 600  ft.
                              FORD  PAINT
                                PLANT
         LITTLE LEAGUE
           BALL PARK
% FREQUENCY
        1
                  FORD
             mi      PLANT
                     ENGLEWQODAVE
                                 WATER TANK
                                            ST. JOSEPH HOSPITAL
                                                  1
                                               HUBBARD AVE.	 ,\
     CALM  1-5  6-10 11-7.0  21
         WIND  SPEED ,mph
Figure 4-1.   Meteorological data at the Ford vinyl plant
         for  February  19, 1975,  Warren,  Michigan.
                                4-3

-------
CALM  1-5 6-10 11-20  21«=
    WIND SPEED, mnh
                                                   0    300   600
                                                   'SCALE'
                                                  1 in. =  600 ft.
 Figure  4-2.   Meteorological data for  the period March  18 through

March  25,  1975 at the Congoleum plant,  Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania.
                                .4-4

-------
meteorological conditions which prevailed during this period



are presented in Figure 4-3.



4.2  CONCLUSIONS



     This study demonstrates that very low concentrations of



vinyl chloride occasionally exist in the ambient air in the



vicinity of some polyvinyl chloride fabrication plants.



Concentrations found varied from less than 0.5 ppb to approxi-



mately 5 ppb for a 24-hour integrated average.
                              4-5

-------
                                             CALM  1-5 6-10 11-20 21
                                                 WIND SPEED, mph
                                                        SCALE
                                                   1  in.  = 600 ft.
Figure  4-3.   Meteorological data for  the period March 19 chr ugh

  March 25 at the Reynolds Metals Company,  Grottoes,  '<  c^irr

-------
       APPENDIX A




SAMPLING SITE DESCRIPTION
            A-l

-------
Location of Vinyl Chloride Study Sites

     Ford Motor Company  (vinyl plant)
     151 Lafayette Avenue
     Mt. Clemens, Michigan


Site A

Location       Residence of Mr. Ray Jolly
               230 North Wilson Boulevard
               Mt. Clemens, Michigan

     This site was located in the backyard of the Jolly residence
and was 100 feet west of plant property.  The monitor was mounted
on a power pole five feet above the ground.


Site B

Location       Residence of Mr. Dimitri Strilany
               51 Dorothea Street
               Mt. Clemens, Michigan

     This site was located in the backyard of the Strilany residence
about 1400 feet northeast of the vinyl plant.  The area between
the plant and this- sampling site was flat and grassy with no ob-
structions.  The monitor was mounted on a power pole five feet
above the ground.


Site C

Location       Madison Water Tower

Contact        Mr. Spencer Fenton
               Superintendent of Streets and Parks
               145 Hubbard Street
               Mt. Clemens, Michigan

     This site was located on a piece of property which is owed by
the City of Mt. Clemens and on which a large water tower is located.
The monitors were about 600 feet east-southeast of the vinyl plant
and 200 feet from plant property.   There were two monitors at this
site located four feet apart and five feet above the ground.


Site D

Location       Residence of   Mr.  Francis Presley
                              112  Grove Park
                              Mt.  Clemens,  Michigan

     This site was located in the  front yard of the Presley rt ^
about 1200 feet south of the vinyl plant.   The monitor war mounted
on a stand five feet above the ground.

-------
Location of Vinyl Chloride Study Sites

     G.T.E. Sylvania, Inc.
     12 - 2nd Avenue
     Warren, Pennsylvania

Site A

Location       State Forestry Office
               50 Hammond Street
               Warren, Pennsylvania

Owner          Intervestment Corp.
Contact        Mr. G. Ensworth  (Sec.-Treas.)
               Phone 814-726-1910

     This site was located near the maintenance building of the
State Forestry Office about 1000 feet east of the Sylvania plant.
There were two monitors at this site mounted on a wooden stand
five feet above the ground.

Site B

Location       Riverside Acid and Inhibitor Co.
               South Parker Street
               Warren, Pennsylvania

Contact        Mr. Robert Bonadio

     This site was located near a small one-story building belonging
to the Riverside Acid Co.  The monitor was mounted five feet above
the ground on a wooden stand.  This site was about 500 feet south
of the plant.

Site C

Location       Barnhart Davis Co.
               702 Lexington Avenue
               Warren, Pennsylvania  16365

Contact        Mr. William Bank  (Treas.)

     This site was located on a flat roof of a small building.
The roof was 14 feet above the ground and the monitor was mounted
on a wooden stand five feet above the roof.  This site was about
500 feet northwest of the plant.

Site D

Location       Residence of    Mr. L. Burdick
                               10 Central Avenue
                               Warren, Pennsylvania

     This site was located in the backyard of the Burdick residence
about 1000 feet northeast of the plant.   The monitor  was  mounted
five feet above the ground on a wooden stand.  The ground level at
this location is about 50 feet higher than ground level at the plant.

-------
Location of Vinyl Chloride Study Sites

     Congoleum Industries
     Ridge Road
     Marcus Hook, Pa.
Site A

Location       Cox Trailer Park
               4300 West 9th Street
               Trainer, Pa.

     This site was located in the fenced-in swimming pool area of
the Cox Trailer Park 600 feet north of the nearest plant building.
The sampler was mounted on a wooden stand five feet above the
ground and at the same elevation as the plant roof.
Site B

Location       Residence of   Mr. Daniel Bonaventure
                              169 Ridge Road
                              Linwood, Pa.

     This site was located in the backyard of the Bonaventure
residence 100 feet southwest of the nearest plant building.  The
sampler was mounted on a wooden stand five feet above the ground,


Site C

Location       Residence of   Mr. Jackie West
                              5 Ceader Street
                              Marcus Hook, Pa.

     This site was situated between two rows of houses which run
parallel in the direction of the plant.  It was located in the
backyard of the West residence 900 feet southeast of the nearest
plant building.  The sampler was mounted on a wooden stand five
feet above the ground.


Site D

Location       Residence of   Mr. Jack Elliot
                              4336 Post Road
                              Trainer, Pa.

     This site was located in a grassy area behind the Elliott's
garage 1200 feet east of the nearest plant building.  According
to local information this site was considered to be in the
prevailing wind direction for this time of year; therefore, two
monitors were located at this site.  The samplers were mouated
on a wooden stand five feet above ground and four feet apart.

-------
Location of Vinyl Chloride Study Sites

     Reynolds Metals Company
     Packaging Division-Plastics
     Grottoes, Va.  24441
Site A

Location       Residence of Mr. H. F. Rankin
                            Rt. #1
                            Grottoes, Va.

     This site was located in the rear yard of the Rankin
residence which is on a rise that is the same height as the
plant roof.  The sampler was mounted on a wooden stand five
feet above the ground and 1400 feet southeast of the plant.
There were no obstructions between this site and the plant.
Site B

Location       Residence of Mr. Douglas Good
                            Cavern Boulevard
                            Grottoes, Va.

     This site was located in the backyard of the Good
residence. The elevation was about 30 feet higher than the
plant property and was located 700 feet east of the plant
and adjoining the plant property.  Two monitors were estab-
lished at this location.  The samplers were mounted on a
wooden stand five feet above the ground and four feet apart.
Site C

Location       Residence of Mr. William Davies
                            2nd and Cherry
                            Grottoes, Va.

     This site was located in the front yard of the Davies
residence 1200 feet northeast of the plant.  There was a
small wooded area owned by the Reynolds Metals Co. be-
tween this site and the plant.  The site location however
was elevated such that the plant roof could be seen over the
trees.  It was felt that the woods would offer little or no
interference with sampling.  The sampler was mounted on a
wooden stand five feet above the ground.


Site D

Location       W. E. Wilkerson's South River Dairy Farm
               Grottoes, Va.

               Owner W. E. Wilkerson
                     Box 127
                     Grottoes, Va.

                           A-5

-------
     This site was located near a barn on the Wilkerson's
South River Dairy Farm.  The barn was located 2000 feet
southwest of the plant in the center of a large field.  Most
of the land between the plant and this site is owned by the
Reynolds Metals Company.  The land is flat and there are
no trees or obstructions between the plant and the site.
Although the distance to this site was greater than that
preferred, no other location was available in this area.
The sampler was mounted on a wooden stand placed atop a pile
of dirt.  The sampler inlet was 10 feet above the Furroun-
ding ground.
                           A-6

-------
Location of Vinyl Chloride Study Sites
     Charlotte Plastics
     P. 0. Box 1220
     Monroe, North Carolina
               (A division of Charlotte Pipe and
                           Foundry Company)
              28110
Site A

Location
Residence of  Mr. Benjamin E. Steele
              Rt. 8, Box 308
              Monroe, North Carolina  28110
     This site was located in the front yard of the Steele
residence 1200 feet south-southeast of the plant.  The
sampler was mounted on a wooden stand five feet above the
ground.
Site B

Location
Charlotte Plastics Plant
Monroe, North Carolina
     This station was located on the property of the Charlotte
Plastics plant.  The site was in a grassy area between the
plant fence and the Seaboard Air Line Railroad track.  It
was 20 feet from the fence and 150 feet north of themain plant
building.  Electrical power for this site was obtained by
running a power cord from a small building inside the fenced-
in area.  Two monitors were located at this site because
it was closest to the plant and also in the prevailing wind
direction.  The samplers were mounted on a wooden stand 5 feet
above the ground and 4 feet apart.
Site C

Location
Monroe RC Club
Monroe, North Carolina
     This site was located on a piece of property that is owned
by Charlotte Plastics and leased to the Monroe RC Club.  The
sampler was located 75 feet from a small building and was 1000
feet west of the plant.   The sampler was mounted on a wooden
stand five feet above the ground.

Site D

Location       Residence of Mr. Campbell, owned and located
               on the property of
               Kendrick Brick and Tile Co.
               Box 779
               Monroe, North Carolina

     This site was located in the backyard of the Campbell residence
and was 2500 feet north-northeast of the plant.   The sampler was
mounted on a wooden stand five feet above the ground.
                                A-7

-------
Location of Vinyl Chloride Study Sites

     ITT, Royal Electric Division
     95 Grand Avenue
     Pawtucket, Rhode Island  02816


Site A

Location       Residence of   Mr. Stanley Brooks
                              14 Hutchinson Avenue
                              Pawtucket, Rhode Island  02816

     This site was located in the side yard of the Brooks residence
200 feet east of the plant.  The sampler was mounted on a wooden
stand five feet above the ground.


Site B

Location       Residence of   Mr. Earl Barry
                              411 Carter Avenue
                              Pawtucket, Rhode Island

     This site was located in the front yard of the Barry resi-
dence 140 feet southeast of the plant.  The sampler was mounted on
a wooden stand five feet above the ground.


Site C

Location       Residence of   Mr. A. Mitsmen
                              335 Carter Avenue
                             « Pawtucket, Rhode Island

     This site was located in the side yard of the Mitsmen resi-
dence 200 feet southwest of the plant.  The sampler was mounted on
a wooden stand five feet above the ground.


Site D

Location       Residence of   Mr. John Bolton
                              142 London Avenue
                              Pawtucket, Rhode Island

     This site was located in the rear yard of the Bolton residence,
 Two monitors were located at this site as it was thought to be
in the prevailing downwind direction.  The samplers were 100 feet
north of the plant and were mounted four feet apart and five feet
above the ground.

-------
        APPENDIX B




METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY
              B-l

-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL DATA  SUMMARY

                       Ford Vinyl Plant
                    Mount Clemens, Michigan
              February 12 to  February 25,  1975
    2/12/75
                                         DATE
                                             2/13/75
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
0«
07
09
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
.17
18
10
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED















11
12
13
16
20
23
16
18
15
WIND DIRECTION















260
260
2SO
260
290
290
310
300
290
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
IB
19
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
14
12
16
12
IS
14
12
10
07
10
12
14
16
19
IS
15
14
12
12
04
04
06
09
07
WIND DIRECTION
300
320
310
310
290
290
300
300
300
290
290
290
290
290
• 320
310
310
300
300
300
290
280
270
280
DATE
     2/14/7S
                                         DATE
                                             2/15/7S
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06
07
01
09
10
11
12
1}
14
15
16
17
18
1*
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
06
06
05
03
04
04
OS
OS
03
00
00
00
02
OS
04
06
04
00
03
03
04
00
00
02
' WIND DIRECTION
290
290
300
300
270
260
290
290
300
000
000
000
280
300
310
310
280
000
100 •
130
190
000
000
160
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
_ . 21,
22
23
HIND SPEED
00
00
43
C
05
03
. 04
04
06
OS
07
06
06
06
07
07
07
05
OS
07
06
,04
07
OS
WIND DIRECTION
000
000
100
090
090
120
110
110
100
130
130
120
100
100
070
080
070
080
080
070
070
060
040
030
                                B-2

-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL  DATA SUMMARY




                Ford Vinyl Plant (continued).
    2/16/75
                                              2/17/75
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06
07
0«
09
10
11
12
11
14
IS
16
17
. IB
11
20
21
22
2)
WIND SPEED
07
08
08
08
08
08
08
10 •
11
10
13
11
13
09
13
11
11
12
10
11
10
06
08
10
WIND DIRECTION
040
020
020
010
010
010
010
020
030
030
030
040
040
OSO
030
030
OSO
OSO
050
OSO
070
060
050
070
DATE
    2/18/75
HOUR
00
01
02
03 '
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
10
20
21
22
2}
WIND SPEED
10
12
12
10
09
08
08
07
08
08
09
08
09
08
10
06
06
OS
06
05 ' ^
. 06
07
10
01
WIND DIRECTION
250
250
250
240
250
260
260
260
260
260
260
230
250
240
240
210
240
230
230
240
230
2SO
260
260
HOUR
00
01
02
03
Oi
95
06
07
08
09
	 .10 ...
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
09
09
09
09
07
09
11
10
10
11
08
14
12
06
07
08
04
14
12
12 '
10
10
10
11
WIND DIRECTION
0(0
060
070
070
070
070
OBO
080
080
090
100
100
110
120
140
190
220
220
240
250
250
250
2SO
240
                                         DATE
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
0»
09
10
11
«
. »
14
IS
16
17
IB
•14
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
09
09
09
08
08
06
09
OB
09
10
12
13
13
14
12
12
11
08
08
06
OS
02
04
OS
WIND DIRECTION
260
250
260
260
260
260
260
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
• 290
300
300
290
280 •
260
260
270
240
ISO
                                 B-3

-------
                  METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY




                 Ford Vinyl  Plant  (continued).
DATE
                                             3/31/75
HOUR
00
01
02
03
0<
OS
0«
07
01
09
10
11
12
11
14
11
1C
17
1*
19
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
10
08
08
13
08
09
12
06
06
13
10
10
14
14
12
12
09
10
09
07 :
04
03
07
07
WIND DIRECTION
250
250
230
230
230
230
250
2SO
240
220
240
230
230
230
• 220
240
230
230
230 •
230
220
210
230
270
     2/22/7S
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
•17
18
\1
20
21
32
23
WIND SPEED
04
02
02
02
03
04
03
04
04
04
10
10
08
06
05
04
04
04
02
00
00
00
00
00
' WIND DIRECTION
170
160
130
140
160
150
170
160
170
170
220
220
230
240
240
300
240
020
080
000
000
000
000
000
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06
VI
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
11
20
21
22
23 '
WIND SPEED
06
08
07
05
05
00
00
00
00
05
04
05
08
05
09
09
08
OS
03
06
06
03
04
04
WIND DIRECTION
230
240
250
240
250
000
000
000
000
230
250
230
140
170
• 170
170
170
170
150
ISO
160
170
170
170
                                         DATE
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
'17
18
10
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
02
02
00
v •
05
06
07
06
02
09
08
08
08
08
10
• 10
08
06
08
09
10
10
08
10
WIND DIRECTION
050
140
000
050
030
020
020
150
050
350
360
360
010
010
• 010
030
020
020
010
040
050
050
0«,0
050

-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL  DATA SUMMARY




                Ford Vinyl Plant (continued).
DATC
    2/24/7S
HOUR
00
01
02
01
0«
OS
06
01
08
09
10
11
12
1}
14
IS
16
17
18
1*
20
21
22
2)
HIND SPEED
10
12
14
08
09
00
o;
06
09
06
11
10
10
11
08
11
15
12
16
14
IS
1}
13
13
WIND DIRECTION
040
060
060
060
070
000
160
210
260
250
240
240
220
220
170
210
230
230
240
230
230
220
200
200
HOUR
00
01
02
OJ
04
OS
06.
07
98

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
It
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
10
10
1<
12
12
U
.12
12
12
12
16
15
20
19
IS
15
21
20
23
I 	 18 <
20
24
20
20
WIND DIRECTION
210
200
200
200
210
210
220
220
230
230
230
220
220
240
250
250
250
260
260
260
250
260
260
260
                               B-5

-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY

                 Congoleum Industries Plant
                 Marcus Hook,  Pennsylvania
                 March 12  to March 26, 1975
DATE 3-12-73
HOUR
00
01
02
01
01
OS
06
07
08
09
. w .
11
II
13
14
15
16
17
18
15
30
21
32
23
WIND SPEED
10

OS

OG

04

07
10
oa
04
OS
04
09
11
09

04

OS

10

1 WIND DIRECTION
22S

135

135

135

111
run
i«
IflO
360
360
090
135
180

180

225

inn

HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
85
06.
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
It
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
1C

09

07

07

06
OS
04
05
11
08
11
11
11

14

16

1«

WIND DIRECTION
ifin

22S

J2*

225

225
225
22S
225
270
315
315
31S
315

31*

IfiO

3*0

DATE
     3-14-75
                                       BATE
HOUR
00
01
02
0]
04
OS
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
11
14
U
17
1»
19
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
14

IS

14

16

18
21
18
19
21
27
in
22
24

27

20

IT

WIND DIRECTION
315

045

045

045

045
04S
04S
045
045
045
fld*
043
045

045

045

P.M 	

HOUR
00
01
02
01
04
OS
06
07 •
08
09
Id
11
12
13
14
H
18
17
18
19
20
21
ti
2J
WIND SPEED
07

15 '

14

0«

OS
10
10
26
17
16
13
10
10

IS

09

09

WIND DIRECTION
270

360

31S

31S

270
270
315
315
31S
315
313
31S
315

31S

315

2*3

                               B-5

-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY




           Congoleum Industries Plant (continued).
DATE
    1-16-75
                                             3-17-75
HOUR
00
01
02
01
Ot
01
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
1]
14
IS
16
17
IS
14
10
21
22
2}
HIND SPEED
OS

08

05

OS

06
06
07
06
06
10
oe
10
09

05

OS

04

HIND DIRECTION
180

270

270

J15

315
360
360
045
135
225
225
225
225

225

225

135

DATE
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
9*
06
07 *
01
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
11
10
20
21
2,2
. • - > J ' '
MIND SPEED
11

10

09

10

09
09
10
10
10
07
10
10
10

10

11

11

WIND DIRECTION
045

045

045

045

045
045
045
135
135
135
135
135
135

135

135

,,911.,.. 	

HOUR
00
01
02
03
01
05
06
07
OS
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
IT
18
14
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
08

07

10

13

10
10
20
21
20
18
17
' 17
10

09

08

05

WIND DIRECTION
045

360

360

360

360
360
045
04S
045
045
045
045
045

045

135

135

                                         DATE
                                             3-19-7S
HOUR
00
01
01
Of
Ot
OS
06
07
OS
09
10
11
12
11
14
1«
L6
17
It
19
20
21
22
23
HIND SPEED .
08

12'

14

13

10
12
12
20
26
24
2<
21
18

16

08

06

WIND DIRECTION
090

090

045

090

090
090
090
090
135
13S
13S
IIS
180

IIS

04S

IIS

                                B-7

-------
                  METEOROLOGICAL  DATA SUMMARY
           Congoleum Industries Plant  (continued)
    3-20-75
                                          DATE
                                               3-21-75
HOUR
00
01
02
03
nt
OS
0«
07 *
OB
09
10
11
12
13
14
is
16
17
IB
19
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
14

10

10

09

12
14
16
18
20
22
20
16
18

22

22

23

WIND DIRECTION
315

22S

22S

270

315
315
315
315
315
315
?;s
315
315

315

315

315

HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
14
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
07

08

07

07

06
06
10
10
12
10
11
11
10

08

06

. 07

WIND DIRECTION
225

31S

315

315

270
315
315
315
315
315
115
315
315

225

225

045

DATE
     3-22-75
                                         DATE
                                               3-23-75
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
05
ot •
07
08
0»
10
11
12
13
14
1»
16
17
18
J*
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
18

12

14

11

10
09
10
12
09
10
12
. 11
16

18

13

11

WIND DIRECTION
315

180

045

045

090
180
180
180
135
135
135
180
225

225

225

225

HOUR
00
01
02
03
.01
...M..
0«
07
OB
09
10
11
12
13
14
1*
16
17
ia
A«
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
04

Ob

*J

12

06
09
12
14
12
10
10
11
09

10

07

06

HIND DIRECTION
090

315

315

315

270
315
31S
315
315
315
315
315 '
270

270

270

270


-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL DATA  SUMMARY




          Congoleum  Industries  Plant  (continued).
DATE
     3-24-7S
                                        •DATE
                                             3-2S-75
HOUR
00
01
02
01
tt4
85
oe
07
OS
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IB
19
20
21
22
2)
HIND SPEED
11

05

05

06

10
06
07
08
07
OS
06
06
.. 08

09

10

04

WIND DIRECTION
225

315

180

090

045
045
045
135
135
135
045
045
045

360

04S

225

     3-26-7S
HOUR
00
01
02
03
as
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
JS
16
17
18-
19
20
21
22
21
WIND SPEED


12

10

10

10
11
13













HIND DIRECTION


31S

315

270

270
315
31S













HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
12

It

11

"12

07
06
07
07
08
08
09
07
12

13

12

IS

HIND DIRECTION
315

22S

22S

22S

22S
225
225
22S
22S
225
22S
315
31S

315

315

315

                                B-9

-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL DATA  SUMMARY
                    r
                Reynolds Metals Company Plant
                      Grottoes,  Virginia
                 March 14 to  March 28,  1975
DATE
                                        DATE
                                             3/15/7S
HOUR
00
01
02
01
04
OS
04
07
08
09
10
11
12
1)
14
15
16
17
18
1^
20
21
22
23
HIND SPEED





10
10
09
15
08
06
07
06
07
oa
08
oa
OS
OS
oe
00
OS
05

WIND DIRECTION





060
090
060
060
050
070
010
030
030
060
050
360
050
360
040
000
270
270

HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
9.5
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
1*1
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED








00
00
05
OS
05
00
OS
00
04
04
05
05
00
00
00

WIND DIRECTION








000
000
040
020
030
000
240
000
060
100
120
150
000
000
000

DATE
     3/16/7S
                                        DATE
_3/17/7S
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
10
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED








00
08
10
10
10
15
10
08
00
OS
OS
OS
05
00
OS

WIND DIRECTION








000
200
200
180
180
180
ZOO
180
000
,_ 180
150
040
060
000
360

HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
1«
17
18
15
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED





10
10
10
10
05
05
04
OS
05
05
05
• 05
05
00
00
05
05
OS
00
WIND DIRECTION





040
050
''SO
050
060
080
080
090
120
oso
060
050
090
000
000
220
190
270
000
                                  10

-------
                METEOROLOGICAL DATA  SUMMARY




        Reynolds Metals Company Plant (continued).
    3/18/75
HOUR
00
01
02
0]
04
OS
06
07
06
0*
10
11
12
11
14
^5
16
17
11
in
20
21
22
2]
MIND SPEED





OS
04
00
00
00
OS
OS
OS

04
OS
00
00
OS
OS
OS
OS


WIND DIRECTION





3SO
340
000
000
000
160
ISO
160

160
180
000
000
360
340
310
360


DATE
HOUR
00
01
02
01
04
OS
0*
07
01
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
1«
20
21
22
21
MIND SPEED





10
10
OS
10
12
12
IS
IS
19
16
11
17
16
11
. 11
i_ °*
07


HIND DIRECTION





320
330
300
320
320
340
320
330
330
310
320
330
3SO
340
ISO
330
310


HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06
07
08
09
.10
1'.
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
14
20
21
22
23
HIND SPEED





OS
• 04
OS
10
10
10
OS
00
OS
04
OS
OS
08
OS
10
10
IS


WIND DIRECTION





060
300
030
060
360
040
ISO
000
340
280
330
240
320
320
310
030
320


                                       DATE  V21/7S
HOUR
00
01
02
03
,. .04 . .
, . 0? .
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13 .
14
IS
16
17
'11
19
20
21
22
11
WIND SPEED


.


00
•00
00
OS J
03
04
OS
10
08
06
12
10
08
10
08
10
00
00

WIND DIRECTION





. • ooo
000
000
210
240
180
210
180
ISO
210
180
180
180
190
160
ISO
000
000

                               B-ll

-------
                  METEOROLOGICAL DATA  SUMMARY




         Reynolds Metals Company Plant (continued).
     3/22/75
                                              3/23/75
HOUR
00
01
02
01
P*
0)
06
07
08
0»
10
11
11
13
14
IS
16
17
18
•19
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED








OS
OS
10
10
10
10
08

• 08
08
05
OS
08
OS


WIND DIRECTION








2SO
230
200
200
240
240
240

230
230
220
270
270
270


• OATE
     3/24/75
HOUR
00
01
02
93
04
OS
06
07
01
09
10
	 k>
12
11
H
1^
16
17
n
	 j^
20
21
2}
/, ^: —
HIND SPEED





OS
OS
OS
05
05
OS
05
OS
OS
04
08
08
' 08
08
OS
08
10
05

WIND DIRECTION





200
200
240
220
220
210
210
330
110
230
220
200
190
210
220
220
220
270

HOUR
00
01
02 .
03
04
OS
OS
07-
08
09
10
11
12
1}
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED








00
00
04
OS
OS

10 .
OS
OS
08
OS
OS
OS
OS
OS

WIND DIRECTION








000
000
2SO
200
070

170
190
180
210
190
ISO
180
210
220

                                         OATE
HOUR
00
01
02
01
04
OS
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
'18
14
20
21
22
21
WIND SPEED





05
OS
OS
08
10
IS
10
10
15
IS
12
12
08
12
10
10
12
10

HIND DIRECTION





300
210
'30
240
]40
300
240
240
260
270
270
270
300
280
330
330
330
320

                                 B-12

-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL  DATA SUMMARY




         Reynolds Metals Company Plant  (continued)
     J/26/7S
                                         DATE
                                              3/27/75
HOUR
00
01
02
01
04
as
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
1}
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED





oe
10
11
05
10
12
10
10
08
10
10
. 10
10

10
OS
OS
a;

WIND DIRECTION





290
290
110
330
330
300
310
330
300
270
. 330
330
010

030
030
040
030

• DATE
     3/28/TS
HOUR
00
01
02
0]
04
OS
06
07
01
09
10
n
12
13
14
IS
1C
17
'18
19
20
21
22
2)
• WIND SPEED





00
00
00
OS
10
10
08
07
07
OS

OS
OS
00
00
00
00
00
00
WIND DIRECTION





000
000
000
040
040
060
060
060
020
060

070
330
000
000
000
000
000
000
HOUR
00
01
02 -
03
04
OS
oc
07'
08
OS
10
11
12 .
13
14
IS
16
17
lg
14
20
21
22
23
MIND SPEED





00
DO
00
OS
OS
OS
03
03
OS
08
10
10
OS
OS
OS
00
. OS ; 	
OS

WIND DIRECTION





000
000
000
010
140
040
230
240
240
210
210
200
190
200
230
000
•... 200.
200

                                B-13

-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY

                     Charlotte Plastics
                   Monroe,  North Carolina
                 April 10  to April 24,  1975.
     4/10/78
                                           4/U/7S
HOUR
00
01
02
01
04
OS
06
. 07
08
99
10
11
12
13
14
15
IS
1-7
18
19
20
21
22
2)
WIND SPEED

08
08
OS
09
04
OS
OS
08
OS
08
10
OS
04
05
OS
OS
04
OS
OS
04
04
04
04
WIND DIRECTION

230
230
230
210
300
210
240
220
360
3SO
050
030
OSO
120
140
160
170
170
160
130
120
130
130
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06-
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
2)
WIND SPEED
04
03
03
05
05
07
09
11
07
10
08
06
07
09
07
06
OS
05
07
05
04
07
12
13
WIND DIRECTION
110
300
090
080
340
350
340
120
080
060
080
090
080
100
090
J.20
130
X70
160
150
150
040
050
020
OATI
     4/12/75
                                             4/13/7S
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
os
07
08
09
10
11
12
1,1
14
IS
IS
17
18
19
20
21
12
23
MIND SPEED
08
06
04.
04
OS
07
OS
OS
06
10
11
09
12
08
13
15
12
07
09
08
07
OS
OS
07
WIND DIRECTION
050
340
360
340
320
340
330
330
340
330
360
350
300
270
300
280
320
330
330
330
340
350
340
330
HOUR
00
01
OJ
01
04
05
OS
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
IS
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
. HIND SPEED
05
OS
07
,_ i
04
00
03
03
OS
04
03
04
06
OS
11
10
11
08
03
OS
OS
04
OS
01
WIND DIRECTION
010
340
360
030
020
000
080
040
060
OSO
050
080
060
140
220
190
240
230
220
140
180
220
1,70
100
                               B-14

-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY




               Charlotte Plastics  (continued).
HOUR
00
01
02
0]
04
as
o«
07
06
0»
10
11
12
11
14
IS
16
17
IS
14
20
31
22
23
WIND SPEED
03
01
05
03-
04
03
03
•09
09
09
09
02
07
04
OS
11
11
08
04
07
07
09
10
10
WIND DIRECTION
090
240
150
180
090
120
070
020
020
080
070
100
230
180
180
170
170
no
110
130
090
100
340
360
DATE
    4/16/75
HOUK
00
01
02
03
0<
05
06
Q7
09
09
10
11
«
13
14
11
1«
IT
11
It
20
Jl
J2
23
WIND SPEED
12
06
14
05
05
04
00.
03
08
12
14
13
12
13
08
08
09
08
03
05
03
03
04
00
WIND DIRECTION
360
350
360
350
350
340
000
340
340
340
360
100
280
310
320
250
300
260
300
180
180
240
330
000
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
OS-
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
11
16
17
18
14
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
10
09
07-
08
09
06
S7
06
07
07
08
08
10
12
12
13
12
13
12
10
10
08
12
12
WIND DIRECTION
360
100
3SO
200
200
340
340
330
340
300
340
300
310
300
300
310
330
340
330
340
320
320
330
360
                                        DATE
                                            4/17/75
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
21
JZ
2)
HIND SPEED
00
05.
00
00
03
D3
04
03
08
09
07
03
10
08
05
07
OS
07
07
•07
04
07
oe
10
WIND DIRECTION
000
100
000
000
100
080
070
070
060
090
120
110
190
190
190
170
200
120
130
110
120
130
170
»0
                               B-15

-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL  DATA SUMMARY




               Charlotte Plastics (continued).
DATE
                                         DATS  V1V"
HOUR
00
01
02
0)
at
OS
0<
07
08
09
10
11
12
1)
14
IS
IS
17
18
1»
20
21
22
2)
WIND SPEED
11
11
12
13
11
10
08
09
13
12
14
14
14
18
16
12
15
13
12
11
12
09
14
11
WIND DIRECTION
210
220
220
230
220
210
180
180
200
210
220
210
210
210
210
230
210
200
210
200
200
190
200
180
DATS
     4/20/75
HOUR
00
01
02
01
04
05
04
07
OS
09
10
11
12
11
14.
IS
It
17
11
14
20
21
21
2)
HIND SPEED
06
06
06
07
04
03
04
05
04
06
07
04
08
04
07
13
12
13
13
06
07

-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY




               Charlotte Plastics  (continued).
DATE
     4/23/78
                                        DATS
                                             4/23/75
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06
07
08
09
10
11
11
13
14
14
14
17
18
1«
10
21
22
2)
WIND SPEED
00
00
00
00
03
05
05
03
OS
04
06
07
07
08
10
• 08
10
08
09
05
07
07
07
06
WIND DIRECTION
000
000
000
000
010
030
070
080
060
140
180
180
170
260
190
200
200
190
210
180
190
160
170
180
OATS

HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
It
IS
17
1«
14
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
07
08
09
10
AX
04
00
06
07
14
14
16
14
13
16
. 15
16
15
12
10
09
10
10
13
HIND DIRECTION
180
180
210
210
200
240
000
250
220
230
210
200
230
190
210
210
200
210
200
200
210
190
210
220
HOUR
00
Oi
02
01
at
OS
at
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
!•
IT
11
1*
20
21
11
1)
WIND SPEED
14
10
11
12
10
11
08
08
14
15
17
15
18
14
18
18
16
17
14
13
14
14
10
11
HIND DIRECTION
190
190
190
190
200
190
220
190
240
220
220
210
210
220
220
210
210
200
210
200
210
220
200
210
                                B-17

-------
                  METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY

                 ITT, Royal Electric Division
                    Pawtucket,  Rhode Island
                    May 22  to June  4, 1975
DATE
     8-31-7}
                                         DATE
                                             S-23-75
HOUR
00
01
02
01
Dt ,
OS
08
07
OS
09
10
11
11
13
14
15
16
17
IB
19
20
21
22
2}
WIND SPEED
06
07
08
07
06
07
06
OS
OS
04
03
02
01
04
OS
09
09
06
OS
03
03
04
03
02
WIND DIRECTION
040
040
040
040
040
040
040
040
04S
03$
035
105
165
105
155
155
150
150
160
200
200
215
190
180
HOUR
00
01
02
01
at
OS
06
07 '
OB
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
14
20
21
22
23
MIND SPEED f WIND DIRECTION
02
02
02
02
01
02
02
02
04
04
06
09
11
10
12
10
07
11
oa
OB
oa
07
06
07
190
200
200
215
20S
210
215
16S
155
155
155
155
155
155
150
145
170
220
220
220
225
225
230
240
DATS
     S-24-7S
                                         DATE
                                              5-25-75
HOUR
00
01
02
01
04
OS
06
07
OB
09
10
11
12
13
14
li
It
17
18
14
20
21
22
2)
MIND SPEED
06
05
04
04
03
03
02
03
03
05
07
06
09
P?
WIND DIRECTION
250
245
245
260
220
22S
270
315
350
030
045
045
055
075
09 1 070
. OB
10
08
09
09
07
07
07
01
090
060
075
090
oeo
090
070
045
045
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
\t
14
20
21
22
21
WIND SPEED
07
OS
05'
n.
m
ofi
as
04
01
04
ps
at
Ofi
0?
no
Pn
09
07
06
ns
n*
nfi
04
04
WIND DIRECTION
045
045
050
060
oso
060
100
100
100
080
105
090
130
1«0
i *n
1 3*
210
170
mo
165
'H
145
nn
1*0
                                B-18

-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL  DATA SUMMARY




          ITT, Royal Electric Division (continued).
DATE
      S-26-7S
                                             5-27-75
HOUR
00
01
0]
0]
at
05
0«
07
08
09
10
11
12
11
It
IS
16
17
IB
1«
20
21
22
2)
WIND SPEED
04
02
01
02
ni
01
OS
06
08
07
10
10
11
10
11
15
13
10
08
07
OB
08
05
OS
WIND DIRECTION
180
205
260
215
215
210
210
220
220
210
225
225
225
225
230
225
225
22S
220
215
220
220
225
220

HOUR
00
01
02
01
04 '
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
21
jl
21
HIND SPEED
06
07
06
05
06
08
09
13
14
13
11
13
10
09
08
09
09
09
OS
06
06
OC
08
07
WIND DIRECTION
290
295
310
305
315
320
315
320
330
33S
335
330
315
315
110
305
310
300
285
285
295
300
114
325
HOUR
00
01
02
01
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
11
J4
IS
16
17
18
1«
20
21
22
23
HIND SPEED
05
04
05
04
04
01
•01
06
OB
08
05
05
06
03
03
04
06
04
01
02
02
04
08
07
WIND DIRECTION
220
215
215
225
225
215
215
245
260
260
270
260
260
245
105
265
100
340
255
235
220
305
100
100
                                         DATE
                                              S-29-7S
Houa
00
01
02
01
01
05
OS
07
OS
09
10
11
12
13
11
1%
16
17
11
1«
20
21
22
23
HIND SPEED
04
06
06
05
04
04
04
05
07
07
08
08
08
07
07
08
08
02
0«
07
04
04
04
02
HIND DIRECTION
325
330
330
315
330
350
340
290
3(0
340
310
315
285
305
305
160
160
155
155
15C
160
165
155
ISO
                                 B-19

-------
                 METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY



         ITT,  Royal Electric Division  (continued).
DATE

                                        DATE
                                            S-31-7S
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
0«
07 "
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
14
20
21
22
2)
WIND SPEED
01
02
01
ni
fll
01
rtl
fll
OK
on
in
1 A
11
in
1°
m
OS
ni
at
fit
nfi
m
ni
04
WIND DIRECTION
ISO
155
155
155
150
150
150
150
150
150
145
145
150
170
1Q«
JOS
ISO
155
165
170
170
165
170
170
DATE
    6-1-75
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06
07
oe
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IS
19
20
21
22
21
WIND" SPEED
04
03
05
OS
05
OS
08
08
09
07
07
06
06
OS
06
04
OS
OS
04
06
OS
05
04
04
WIND DIRECTION
180
170
175
180
180
no
205
215
215
220
225
234
230
190
1KO
175
245
270
020
025
045
055
3«
330
HOUR
00
01
02
03
01
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
10
20
21
22
23
HIND SPEED
OS
05
04'
06
06
05
'03
04
08
09
10
12
12
. 13
10
09
08
05
08
04
04
04
04
03
WIND DIRECTION
17S
175
180
205
210
215
180
180
ISO
150
155
155
155
170
180
210
215
180
210
180
no
175
180
180
                                             6-2-75
HOUR
00
01
02
03
(14
05
06 .
07
08
09
• 10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
11
20
21
22
21
HIND SPEED
04
04
OS
16
OS
OS
06
06
10
09 .
09
09
08
06
07
07
' OB
07
04
OS
06
04
02
01
WIND DIRECTION
3SO
040
040
31S
315.
325
330
340
340
320
310
315
290
315
310
280
290
310
290
290
290
313
025
330
                                B-20

-------
       METEOROLOGICAL DATA SUMMARY



ITT, Royal Electric Division  (continued).
                              DATE
                                  «-4-7S
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
1}
14
15
16
17
18
10
20
21
22
23
WIND SPEED
02
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
03
04
04
08
OS
06
06
06
' 04
08
04
02
02
OS
07
04
WIND DIRECTION
325
310
270
275
28$
010
020
US
150
150
175
350
025
090
100
130
090
075
135
090
120
160
170
190
HOUR
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
10
20
21
]]
23
WIND SPEED
02
03
03 .
02
03
04
OJ
04
06
07
07
07
09
IS
14
13
10
08
08
09
07
OS
04
01
WIND DIRECTION
225
200
240
2SO
295
310
310
315
31S
3SO
090
08S
355
360
350
. 3SO
3SS
090
110
055
04S
030
030
1(0
                      B-21

-------
        APPENDIX C




EPA METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS




     OF VINYL CHLORIDE
            C-l

-------
TENTATIVE NETNOD TOR THE DETERMINATION OF VINYL CHLORIDE



    IN THE ATMO:>r-i!ERE (24-H.OUR INTEGRATED SAMPLING;








                      OCTOBER 197C
This method has been drafted frcin available information and



reviev:ed editorially within the Methods Standardization and



Performance Evaluation Branch, QAEML.  The method has received



no laboratory evaluation, is still under investigation and,



therefore, is subject to revision.
          U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY




METHODS STANDARDIZATION AND PEP.FCRMANCE EVALUATION BRANCH



QUALITY ASSURANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LABORATORY



          NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER



       RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINE(27711
                              C-2

-------
                                                     October 22,  1974
              TENTATIVE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF
                   VINYL HiLO-Ur-E IN THE ATMOSPHERE
                    BY 24-HOUR INTEGRATED SAMPLING
1.  Principle and Applicability.

    1.1     Vinyl chloride (chloroethene) is absorbed from air onto

charcoal adsorbers, which are subsequently extracted with carbon disulfide,

The resulting solutions are then measured chroniatographically, using

a flame ionozation detector.

    1.2     The method is applicable to the measurement of vinyl chloride
                                               *
in ambient air using a 24-hour sampling period.



2.  Kdnue and Sensitivity.  Tim limit of detection is aporoximatelv

          3                                              3
0.003 mg/m  (1 ppb).  The maximum of the range is 20 nig/m  (3 ppm);

it may be increased by extending the calibration range or by diluting

the sample.



3.  Interferences.  At the ptesent -time, there are no known common

pollutants in the ambient atmosphere in sufficient concentrations to

interfere with the- measurement of vinyl chlorida.  However, certain

volatile hyd>-oc'iroons arid Freons have elution characteristics similar
*
 Warning:  Vinyl  chloride is a suspected carcinogen.  Care must be
 exercised to protect operators from breathing vinyl chloride fume?.
 Carbon ilisulfidi? is toxic and its vaoors form explosive mixtures with
 air.  Work with  this material  in a well ventillated fur.v3 hood.
                                    C-3

-------
                                  -2-
to vinyl chloride.  Among the Latter is Freon 12 (dichlorodifluoromethanel
Under certain conditions, a peak is associated vn'th the injection and
subsequent v/ithdrowal of the microsyringe into and from the G.C. septum.
These peaks can also give interferences with the vinyl  chloride peak.

4.  Precision and Accuracy.  Replicate gas chromatographic analyses of
standard gas mixtures and sample aliquots should not deviate by inore than
3 per cent relative standard deviation.  When the entire analysis is
repeated, preliminary studies indicate that relative standard deviations
of 6 per cent are attainable.  No information is presently available on
accuracy.

5.  Apparatus.
    5.1     Sampling - Air Monitoring materials
    5.1..1   Pump - Capable of maintaining an air pressure differential
greater than 0.5 atmospheres at the desired flow rate.
    5.1.2   Critical Orifice - Twenty-seven gauge 3/8"  hypodermic needle.
To control  flow rate at approximately 200 ml/min.
    5.1.3   Tubing - 18 cm length of 10 mm O.D. borosilicate glass with
tapered ends, to prepare adsorption tube.
    5.1.4   Serum caps -5x9 mm and 7 x 11  mm sizes.
    5.1.5   Vibrator - To achieve close packing of the  adsorption tube.
    5.1.6   Air flow meter - Rotometer type;  1  - 2GO ml/min range.  To
calibrate critical  orifice.
                                     C--

-------
                                 •-3-
    5.1.7   Furnace, rv.uffle - To operate at 400  C.
    5.2     Sample recovery.
    5.2.1   Graduated cylinder - Glass stoppered; capacity,  25 ml  (TC).
    5.2.2   Pipette, dropping - 2 ml.
    5.2.3   Serum bottle - Narrow mouth for septum sealing;  2 ml.
    5.2.4   Serum cap - With Teflon coating on the side of the septum  •
exposed to the sample 5x9 mm size.   (Hewlett-Packard ^SOSO-SJIS1  has
been found to be satisfactory.)
    5.2.5   Aluminum serum cap seal.
    5.2.6   Crimper - For use with aluminum serum cap seals.
    5.3     Analysis.
    5.3.1   Gas chromatograph - With flame ionization detector and
potentiometric strip chart recorder.
    5.3.2   Chromatographic column -  Borgsilicate glass, 2.5 m x 2 mm I.D.,
containing 0.4% Carbowax 1500 on Carbopak A packing, (w/w)
    5.3.3   Microsyinges - 0 to 10 and 0 to 100 microliter range,
graduated.
    5.3.4   Syringes, sampling - Gas  tight, 1  ml and 50 ml,  graduated.
    5.3.5   Sampling loop - one ml.
    5.3.6   Flow meter - Rotometer type, 0 to 100 ml/min capacity.
    5.3.7   Gas regulator - 4 to 50 psig range.
    5.3.8   Gas sample bags - Poly(vinyl fluoride).   Sixteen inch  square
and seven inch square sizes.
   .5.3.9   Stop watch - To time gas  flow in preparation of  standard
gas mixtures.
  Mention of trade nain^s or specific products- does not constitute
  endorsement by the Environmental  Protection Agency.
                                     C-5

-------
                                  -4-



6.  Reagents


    Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents be


chromatoc/raphic grade or confomi to the specifications established by


the Committee of Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,


where such specifications are available; otherwise, use best available


grade.


    6.1     Sampling


    6.1.1 .  Charcoal - Activated coconut shell charcoal.  (Fisher


Scientific Company,   6 to 14 mesh is.effective.)


    6.1.2   Glass wool  - borosilicate


    6.1.3   Aluminum foil.


    6.2     Sample recovery.


    6.2.1   Carbon disulfido.


    6.3     Analysis.


    6.3.1   Nitrbgc-n gas - Zero grade,  for chromatographic carrier gas

and for preparation of standard gas samples'.


    6.3.2   Vinyl  chloride - 128 mg/m3  at 25° C, 1  atm (50 ppm v/v) in zero
nitrogen.  Analyzed.  For calibration.


    6.3.3   Combustion Air - Containin


(2 ppm as methane).  To operate flame ionization detector.
                                                      3
6.3.3   Combustion Air - Containing less than 1.3 nk/m  hydrocarbons
7.  Procedure.


    7.1      Sampling


    7.1.1    Activation of charcoal  - Heat charcoal  to 400° C for one hour


to remove  adsorbed gases.  Store in a sealed container.
                                   C-6

-------
                                 -5-
    7.1.2   Preparation of adsorption tube - Insert glass  v/ool  into tubing


(see Section 5.1.3} and tamp into position at one end to a depth of

approximately 2.5 cm.  Mount tube on vibrator in a vcrticle position.

Add charcoal a little at a time and vibrate after each addition to

prevent channelling.  Fill tube to a depth of 13 cm with charcoal.

Insert glass wool into remainder of tube.  Prepare additional  adsorption

tubes in a similar and uniform manner.  Cover tnds of tubes with serum

caps.  Wrap with aluminum foil  to protect tubes from light during

storage and subsequent use.  Insert critical orifice through septum at

one end of tube.  Retain until  calibration, sampling and recalibration

procedures have been completed.

    7.1.3   Tv/entv-fotir hour sample co'i lection.  Remove serum cap from

one end of the adsorption tube and mount it with open end downward.
                    m                   '                         ,
Connect critical orifice to the sampling train.  Begin drawing air

through the tube.  Record tims and adsorption tube number.  Continue

sampling for at least 23 hrs 45' but for not more than 24 hrs 15'.  At

end of sampling interval, record time, disconnect adsorption tuba from

sampling train and protect open end with serum cap.  Remove sample to

analytical area.  Protect tube from light.

    7.2     Saiv.ple recovery.  Till the graduated cylinder to the 25 ml

mark with carbon disulfide, stopper and cool in an ice bath.  Remove

cap and glass wool from one end of the adsorption tube and, with continued

cooling, rapidly add charcoal  to the carbon disulfid-1.  Stopper cylinder

immediately.  (Mote:  The mixing of charcoal and cari.'on disulfide is an

exothermic process that causes  local boiling of. the solution.   The
                                    C-7

-------
                                  -6-
mixture must be cooled and the container stoppered to prevent loss of
vinyl chloride),  nix thoroughly.  Allow mixture to stand for one half-
hour in the ice bath.  Mix thoroughly and draw off two ml of the
supernatant liquid.  Completely fill 2 ml serum bottle, cap and seal.
    7.3     Analysis.
    7.3.1    Column preconditioning.  Prior to its initial use, the
chromatographic column is heat treated to remove impurities.  To do
this, establish a 40-60 ml/rnin flow of zero nitrogen through the column
and raise its temperature from ambient by 2° C/min to 200  C.  Maintain
these conditions for 48 hours, or until base line drift is eliminated.
    7.3.2   Chromatographic analysis.  Set the column temperature to
60° C and the sample inlet port temperature to at least 170° C.  Operate-
the flame ionization detector at the temperature specified by the
manufacturer.  Using zero nitrogen as the carrier, gas, establish a flow
rate in the range consistent with the manufacturer's requirements for
satisfactory detector operation.  A flow rate of 40 rnl/min has been
shown to produce adequate separations.  Observe the base line periodically
and determine that the noise level has stabilized and thac base-line
drift has  ceased.   Inject a 2.5 micro!iter aliquot of the supernatant
solution of the sample into the gas chromatograph.   Hark the injection
point on the chart.  (The injection point is defined as the position
of the pen on the  chart at the time of sample injection.)  Record the
sample number,  the column temperature, carrier gas  flow rate, chart
speed and  the attenuator setting.   From the chart,  select the peak having
                                    C -8

-------
                                  -7-





the retention tiir.-r? corresponding to vinyl chloride.  (See Sect. 8.3 below).



Measure the peok huMnht, H;11, the distance in chart divisions from the



average valua of the busoline' to the m.iximum of the wave form.  Record



Hnl and the retention tiivo.  Purge the column at 160°C for five minutes.








0.  Calibration and Standards.



    8.1      Calibration of absorption tube flow rates.  Connect absorption



tube to sampling train as in 7.1.3, above.  Connect flovmster in series.



Turn on pump and measure flow rate.  Record flow rate and adsorption tube



numoer.  Repeat flow rate calibration procedure after sample collection.



Denote flow rate before sampling as F-); denots flow rate after sampling



as Fp.



    8.2      Preparation of vinyl r.hloridp standard gas mixture?,  Eva.c'"»t(*



a 16-inch square gas sample bag and mster-in 2.00 liters of the 128 mg/m



(50 ppm) standard vinyl chloride gas mixture ir.Lo the bag.  Meter-in



3.00 liters of zero nitrogen.  This gives a concentration of 51 mg/m3 (20 ppm)



of vinyl chloride.  In a like manner, prepare dilutions having 12.8 (5 ppm),



2.55 (1 ppni), 0.51 (0.2 ppm) and 0.15 (0.06 ppm) mg/m3 vinyl chloride



concentrations.  (Alternately, calibration samples may be prepared from



99/^ vinyl  chloride gas, using appropriate dilution factors.)



    8.3    Determination of vinyl chloride retention time.  Establish



chromatographic conditions identical with those in 7.3.2, above.  Set



attenuator to X 1  position.   Flush 1.0 ml sampling loop with zero nitrogen



and inject into gas inlet port.   Mark the injection point on the chart



and record the column temperature, the carrier gas flow rate,  the'chart
                                     09

-------
                                   -8-





 speed and  the attenuator  setting.  Record peaks and detector responses



 that occur  in the  absence of vinyl chloride.  Maintain conditions.



 Flush 1.0 nil sampling loop with 5  ml of the 0.16 uig/nv'' (0.06 opn) vinyl



 chloride calibration mixture and inject into gas chromatograph.  Mark



 the injection point on  the chart.  Select the peak that corresponds to



 vinyl chloride.  Measure  the distance on the chart in mm' from the



 injection point  to the  peak maximum.  This distance, divided by the



 chart speed in mni/min,  is defined  as the retention time.  Record.



    8.4.    Preparation of chromatograph calibration curve.  Make a gas



 chromatographic  measurement of each standard gas mixture described in



 Section 8.2 (0.16 mg/m^ through 128 mg/m^), using conditions identical



 with ttiose  listed  in Section 7.3.2, above.  Flush-the 1.0 ml sampling



 loop with dt least B ml of standard qas r»i''xh.iire g^d inject into "oc



 chromatograph.   Record Hvc, the quantity of vinyl  chloride injected



 (in nanograms),  the attenuator setting, chart spsed, peak height and



 retention time.  Calculate Hc, the peak height multiplied by the at-



 tenuator setting.  Plot WVc vs Hc.  Repeat until replicate measurements



 do not deviate by more than 3 percent relative standard deviation and



 draw a smooth curve through the points.  Check calibration after every



 fifth analysis using the 0.16 mg/rn^ (0.06 ppm) standard gas mixture.



 Recalibrate daily, and whenever remeasursment of it  standard gas sample



 deviates from its calibration value by more than 6";.







9.  Calculations.



    9;1       Uncorrrcted volume.   The  volume  of  air  sample  is  not  corrected



to S.T.P.,  because  of  the  uncertainty   associated. wKh  24-hour  average
                                    C-10

-------
                                  -9-





temperature and pressure values.   Determine the air sample volume  taken



for analysis.
                         Fi +  F?            R
                   Vni = -  ' 2   •-  x T x 10"b,
where:
       V  = The volume of gas sampled  (uncorrected) , m  .



       F, = The measured flow rate before sampling, nrt/min.



       Fp = The measured flow rate after sampling, ml/min.



        T = The sampling time, min.







    9.2      Determine the sample peak height as follows:




                   Hc = HmAm»



where :



        Hc = The sample peak height, chart divisions.



        H,n = The measured peak height, chart divisions.



        A,n = The attenuator setting.







    9.3      Vinyl chloride concentration.



    9.3.1    Calculate the vinyl chloride concentration as ir,g/rn  .   From



the calibration curve described in Section 8.4, above, select the value



of Wvc that corresponds to Hc, the sample peak height.





                    W  V

             r       ^-c s
             cvc ~  v V~
                    vmvi





                 • '-V x ,0-2'
                    U    A I U  ,

                    V!tl
                                     C-ll

-------
                                -10-





where:



        C   = The concentration of vinyl chloride in the air sample,
        W   = The quantity of vinyl chloride meav-ireJ by gas



              chroma tcgraphy, ng.



         V  = The total vo-lume of carbon disulfide in which the vinyl



              chloride sample is contained, 25 ml.



         V  = The uncorrected sample volume, from 9.1 above, m .



         V- = The voiles of carbon disulfide solution injected into



              the chromatcgraph for analysis, 0.0025 ml.



    9.3.2     If desired, the concentration of vinyl chloride may be



calculated as parrs per million vinyl  chloride,


              n>- _ up - ~~ \;r /~3 ,, o om c
                     "
10.  Effects of storage.  Charcoal tubes containing adsorbed vinyl



chloride have been found to be stable for. more than seven days,.though



there is seine evidence that they are adversely affected by strong



sunlight.  Carbon disulfide solutions lose vinyl  chloride to the



atmosphere but have been stored unchanged for more than a iv.onth in



sealed serum bottle5 having minimum headspace.  Gas standards may te



kept in poly (vinyl fluoride)  gas sample bags for several v;eeks without



undergoing concentration chonqas.  However, present knowledge of the



stability of vinyl chloride samples is based on studies with pure



substances.  No information is available on the storage of samples



containing other active substances ac are commonly found in ambient air.
                                      C-12

-------
                                -11-
11.   References.



     Lodge, J.  i-'. s  Pole.  J.  3.,  Airanons,  3.  E.  and  Sv/anson,  G.  A.



     "The Use of  Kypocvraic  iieedles  as  Critical  Orifice  in  Air



     Sampling-."  J.  Air Pollution  Control Association. 16:4,  197-200,  (1966)







     "Vinyl Chloride Monitoring  Near the B.F,  Goodrich Chemical  Company



     in Louisville,  Ken Lucky."   Region  IV,  U.S.  Environmental  Protection



     Agency, Surveillance and Analysis  Division, Athens,  Georgia.



     June 24, 1974.
                                   C-13

-------
                                                AIR PUMP
  SERUM CAP
              I. - ^CRITICAL ORIFICE
GLASS WOOL ~-
             fc~  ': -.i
                    CHARCOA!.
             >,

             tv-'
GLASS WOOL
             V.
           Figure 12-1.  Air monitoring apparatus,
                          C-14

-------
     APPENDIX D




FIELD OPERATORS  GUIDE
           D-l

-------
          PEDCo-EN VI RON MENTAL-
               SUITE 13  •   ATKINSON SQUARE
                     CINCINNATI.  OHIO 452.4.6
                               513 /VV1-433O
    OPERATORS  GUIDE

           FOR

AMBIENT VINYL  CHLORIDE

        SURVEY
       PN-3155-T
     January,  1975
          D-2

-------
           CHARCOAL  ABSORPTION GAS  RECORD  SHEET


                        AMBIENT VINYL CHLORIDE  SURVEY
      SAM-LE;
     10
.c. vg.,  Ohio

TCITY OR TOW::}
ABSORPTION TUBE


   X23  /3i
2. 5 3
                                               (SAMPLER LOCATION)
WI\D
nrar.~7Tfy:
G CALM
{X; LIGHT
G GUSTY
OA~- 2-X6~- 7^

-^ OCCO to 2iC3
—J HOURS
VISIBILITY
[El CLEAR
n HAZY
METER RE AD IN'"
START
r ' ' n
^ ! 1 U1
20.0
20.0
SKY.
[H CLEAR
[X] SCATTERED
G OVERCAST
HUMIDITY
G DRY
[xj MODERATE
G HUMID
Q RAIN
TEMP. °F-
D -' 20
[X] 20-40
G 61-30
REMARKS & UNUSUAL CONDITIONS OR ACTIVITIES NEAR THE SITE
Stti'^'tl ~T~i 7/7 c fy'.IC1 P- N(. Flo* l~7 5 c. t~/ <2y/->7
o
I
Co
                     Figure 1  Example of Data Record Sheet

-------
                      0 INTRODUCTION °






     Within the past few months, vinyl chloride has been



demonstrated to be a carcinogen.  It has been detected in



the atmosphere surrounding both vinyl chloride monomer



plants and polymerization plants.  As a result of these



discoveries, control regulations are being formulated and



proposed for these plants.



     The presence of vinyl chloride in the atmosphere sur-



rounding polyvinyl chloride fabrication plants has not yet



been demonstrated.  If it does exist, then State Implemen-



tation Plans may have to be modified to require surveillance



monitoring around these plants.  The purpose of this study



is to determine whether the concentration of vinyl chloride



is of such magnitude that SIP's will have to be modified.



INSTALLATION OF EQUIPMENT



     PEDCo-Environmental will select the sampling site and



install the sampler.



OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT



     Sampling will be performed at four locations for a



period of 15 consecutive days.  Each day the sampler is to



be serviced at the same time such that a 24-hour (+ 15



minutes) sample is collected.  The operator will adjust his



schedule such that sufficient travel time between sampling

-------
sites is provided.  Anticipation of traffic delays and

weather conditions should be included when preparing this

schedule.  The following steps are procedures that should be

followed while servicing a sampler site:

     1.   Record the sampler serial number on the record
          sheet (see example Figure 1) and on the operator's
          log sheet provided in Appendix A.

     2.   Record the adsorption tube number, site location
          and sampler location on the same data and opera-
          tor 's log sheets.

     3.   Record the vacuum reading (reading must be in
          excess of 16 inches of mercury).  Should vacuum be
          less than 16 inches Hg., check sampler for leaks
          or replace sampler with spare sampler supplied.

     4.   Remove the light and rain shield from the sampler.

     5.   Remove the rubber caps from the adsorption tube
          ends and connect the adsorption tube to the sam-
          pler.

     6.   Connect the Rotometer to the adsorption tube and
          record the initial flow, as derived form the
          Rotometer calibration curve, on the record sheet
          and on the operator's log sheet.

     7.   Remove the Rotometer and connect the light and
          rain shield.

     8.   Record the starting date and time on the record
          sheet and on the operator's log sheet.

     9.   Return to the sampling site after 24-hours  (+ 15
          minutes) and record the date, time and the end
          vacuum readings.

    10.   Remove the light and rain shield and connect the
          Rotometer and record the final flow as in Step 6.

    11.   Disconnect the adsorption tube and place the
          rubber caps on each end.

    12.   Place the adsorption tube and the record sheet in
          the special shipping box provided.
                              D-5

-------
    13.   Begin a new sampling period (refer to Step 1).

    14.   After two days of sampling, immediately send  the
          samples collected in one box  (five samples in each
          foam rubber layer) via air mail to the PEDCo
          laboratory.

METEOROLOGICAL DATA

     Each day meteorological data from the nearest Weather

Bureau Station or local airport will be collected.  Hourly

averages for wind speed and direction will be obtained  and

recorded on the form provided in Appendix B.
                              D--6

-------
     APPENDIX A




OPERATORY DAILY  LOG
         D-7

-------
                     OPERATORS  DAILY LOG
Site Location
                            Site Number
 ON
DATE	
   OFF
SAMPLING PERIOD
       WIN
VACUUM
 "Hg
TUBE
 NO.
                                               REMARKS
                             D-3

-------
            APPENDIX E




AMBIENT VINYL  CHLORIDE DATA SUMMARY
                 E-l

-------
                                       AMBIENT VINYL CHLORIDE DATA


                       FORD MOTOR COMPANY VINYL PLANT - MOUNT CLEMENTS, MICHIGAN
w
I
\J
Date sampled
2/12/75




2/13/75




2/14/75



2/15/75




2/16/75



2/17/75




2/18/75




Site
A
B
C
C
D
A
B
C
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
C
D
A
B.
C
C
D
ug/m3
<1
2.0
1.5
<1
<1
<1
<1
6.8
5.3
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
1.7
<1
<1
<1
<1
PPB
<0.5
0.8
0.6
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
2.7
2.1
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
4.3
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
Date sampled
2/19/75



2/20/75



2/21/75




2/22/75




2/23/75



2/24/75




2/25/75




Site
A
B
C
D
A
B
. C
D
A
B
C
C
D
A
B
C
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
C
D
A
B
C
D

pg/m
3.8
17.9
4.4
4.4
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1 •
<1 '
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1

PPB
1.5
7.0
1.7
1.7
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5

-------
                                        AMBIENT  VINYL CHLORIDE  DATA


                           G.T.E.  SYLVANIA  INC., PLANT  -  WARREN, PENNSYLVANIA
W
I
u>
Date sampled
2/1 5/7 b




2/16/75



2/17/75
-


2/18/75




2/19/75



2/20/75




2/21/75



Site
A •
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
• A
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
Vig/m3
< 1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
. <1

-------
               AMBIENT VINYL CHLORIDE DATA
CONGOLEUM INDUSTRIES PLANT - MARCUS HOOK, PENNSYLVANIA
Date sampled
3/12/75



3/13/7&




3/14/75




3/15/75



3/16/75




3/17/75



3/18/75




Site
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
D
A
B
C
D
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D

yg/ra3
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
2.6
<1
<1
<1
<1
3.0
< 1
< 1
3.1
7.0
2.1
3.8
„
PPB
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
1.0
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
1.2

-------
                                     AMBIENT VINYL CHLORIDE DATA


           REYNOLDS METALS COMPANY PLANT, PACKAGING DIVISION-PLASTICS - GROTTOES, VIRGINIA
W
i
Date sampled
3/15/75



3/16/75




3/17/75




3/18/75



3/19/75




3/20/75



3/21/75



Site
A
B
C
D
A
B
B
C
D
A
B
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
lig/m3
<1
4.7
3.5
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1

-------
                 AMBIENT VINYL CHLORIDE DATA
ITT,  ROYAL ELECTRIC DIVISION PLANT - PAWTUCKET, RHODE ISLAND
Date sampled
4/10/75



4/11/75




4/12/75



4/13/75




4/14/75




4/15/75



4/16/75




Site
A
B
C
D
A
B
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
B
C
D
A
B
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
B
C
D
yg/m3
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
PPE
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
-*0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5

-------
                                     AMBIENT VINYL CHLORIDE DATA


     CHAKLQTTE FIPi: AND FOUNDRY CO., CHARLOTTE PLASTICS DIVISION PLANT  -  MONORE,  NORTH CAROLINA
W
I
Date sampled
5/22/75



5/23/75




5/24/75



5/25/75




5/26/75




5/27/75



5/28/75




Site
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C .
D
D
A
B
C
D
D
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
D
Date
analyzed
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/7 5
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/2/75
6/3/75
6/3/75
6/3/75
6/3/75
6/3/75
6/3/75
6/3/75
6/3/75
6/3/75
6/4/75
6/4/75
6/4/75
6/4/75
6/4/75
pg/ra3
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
< 1
<1
< 1
<1
.< 1
< 1
<1
< 1
<1
PPB
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5

-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. FIEPORT NO.
EPA-450/3-75-084
2.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Monitoring Vinyl Chloride Around Polyvinyl
Fabrication Plants
7. AUTHOR(S)
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
Chloride Issue - October 1975
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
PEDCo Environmental Specialists, Inc.
Suite 13, Atkinson Square
Cincinnati, Ohio 45246
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1375 TO 20
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A program to measure vinyl chloride emissions from polyvinyl chloride
fabrication plants was carried out. Four charcoal collectors were stationed
around each of five PVC fabrication plants. 24-hour samples were collected
daily for 14 days around each plant. Analysis of the collected samples was
by GC. Most of the samples contained less than the minimum detectable
amount of VCM (1 yg/m3 = ^ 0.5PPB 24-hour average). The maximum quantity of
VCM found in any sample was 17.9 yg/m3 (= 7PPB)
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
Vinyl Chloride, Polyvinyl
PVC Fabrication plants.
Chloride,
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
c. COSATI Field/Group

21. NO. OF PAGES
103
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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