EPA-450/3-77-008a
October 1976
PRELIMINARY SCORING
OF SELECTED ORGANIC
AIR POLLUTANTS
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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EPA-450/3-77-008a
PRELIMINARY SCORING
OF SELECTED ORGANIC
AIR POLLUTANTS
by
B. Fuller, J. Hushon, M. Kornreich,
R. Quellette, L. Thomas, and P. Walker
*
The Mitre Corporation
Metrek Division
Westgate Research Park
McLean, Virginia 22101
Contract No. 68-02-1495
Project No. 077L
EPA Project Officer David R. Patrick
Prepared for
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
' Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
October 1976
-------
This report is issued by the Environmental Protection Agency to report
technical data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies are
available free of charge to Federal employees,, current contractors and
grantees, and nonprofit organizations - in limited quantities - from the
Library Services Office (MD-35), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711; or for a fee, from the National Technical Information Service,
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection
Agency (Strategies and Air Standards Division, Emission Standards
and Engineering Division) and approved for publication. Approval
does not necessarily signify that the contents reflect the views
and policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for
use.
Publication No. EPA-450/3-77-008a
-------
Preface
This report presents a preliminary evaluation of the relative
hazard to humans from air emissions from production of certain
synthetic organic chemicals. Numerical scores establishing a
relative ranking have been assigned to 326 of these chemicals based
on production, volatility, and toxicity data.
EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards will use this
report as an aid to identifying significant organic chemical processes.
However, EPA's strategy for controlling organic air emissions will be
based on other information in addition to this report. Therefore,
the relative ranking contained herein should not be construed to
establish EPA standard setting priorities.
111
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ABSTRACT
In a four-week project for the Emissions Standards and
Engineering Division of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
funded by the Standards and A1r Strategies Division, chemical
properties of 637 organic compounds were analyzed and a scheme
developed for ranking them based on production, fraction lost
during production, volatility, and toxicity. A discussion of this
methodology and other possible ranking schemes was included in
addition to a discussion of possible follow-on work.
This revision includes additional production, chemical, and
toxicity data gathered in an intensive effort to complete as many
of the dossiers for the original 637 compounds as was possible.
The completed dossiers then served as the framework for ranking
these compounds in the same manner as was done initially.
tv
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank David Patrick and John Bachmann of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for their comments and suggestions
during the preparation of this document. We would also like to
thank William Parker of The MITRE Corporation for his time and effort
expended in completion of this study.
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 APPROACH 2-1
3.0 METHODOLOGY FOR PRIORITY RANKING 3-1
4.0 CHEMICAL RANKING 4-1
5.0 CLASSIFICATION AND RANKING OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS 5-1
5.1 Chemical Classification 5-1
5.1.1 Traditional Chemical Classes 5-1
5.1.2 Partition Coefficient 5-4""
5.1.3 Vapor Pressure 5-5
5.1.4 Physical State 5-5
5.1.5 Adsorption Affinity 5-6 '
5.1.6 Persistence in the Environment 5-8
5.2 Industrial Classifications 5-10
5.2.1 Production Level and Release to the 5-10
Environment
5.2.2 Standard Industrial Classifications 5-11-
5.2.3 Process Classifications 5-18
5.2.4 Source of Emissions 5-20
5.2.5 Raw Materials 5-22
5.2.6 Use 5-22
5.2.7 Disposal 5-29
5.3 Biological Classification 5-29
5.3.1 Population at Risk . 5-29
5.3.2 Target Organ 5-30
5.3.3 Route of Exposure 5-30
5.3.4 Structure-Activity Correlations 5-30
5.3.5 Acute Toxicity Dosage 5-34
5.3.6 Cancer Risk 5-35
6.0 PROPOSED FOLLOW-ON PROJECTS 6-1
6.1 Acquisition of Additional Information 6-1
6.2 Periodic Updating of Dossiers 6-3
- 6.3 Inclusion>of Additional Compounds 6-3
6.4 Data Analysis and Evaluation 6-4
6.5 Accessibility of Data Files 6-5
6.6 Structure-Function Analyses 6-5
7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY 7-1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONCLUDED)
Table Number Page
2-1 LISTS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANICS 2-2
2-2 SOURCES REVIEWED FOR PRODUCTION STATISTICS 2-4
3-1 SCORING SYSTEM FOR PRIORITY OF INDUSTRIAL 3-2
ORGANIC CHEMICALS
4-1 CHEMICAL RANKING 4-2
5-1 TRADITIONAL CHEMICAL CLASSES 5-2
5-2 BIODEGRADABILITY (PERSISTENCE) CATEGORIES 5-9
5-3 MAJOR GROUP 28- CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS 5-12
5-4 CATEGORIZATION BY MANUFACTURING METHOD 5-19
5-5 MAJOR PROCESS CATEGORIES 5-21
5-6 CATEGORIZATION BY PROBABLE MANUFACTURE SIC 5-23
INDUSTRY POINT SOURCE
5-7 CATEGORIES OF EMISSION FROM INDUSTRIAL 5-27
FACILITIES
5-8 COMPOUNDS WHICH MAY BE FORMED BY CHLORINATION 5-28
5-9 CLASSIFICATION BY POPULATION AT RISK 5-31
5-10 CHEMICALS CLASSIFIED BY BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM 5-32
ON WHICH THEY ACT
vii
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Emissions Standards and Engineering Division of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency is embarking on a major program to
control industrial air emissions of synthetic organic compounds. The
need for such a program becomes apparent when one considers that
total emissions of volatile organic compounds from all stationary
industrial sources are believed to exceed 11.35 million tons per
year (High Volume Industrial Organic Chemical Study Final Report,
EPA, 1976).
The number of organic chemicals synthesized commercially in the
United States and used for industrial purposes is enormous, with
hundreds of new compounds entering the market annually. Dealing with
such a large number of individual compounds is difficult and ineffir?
cient unless they can be grouped in a meaningful fashion. It is
therefore desirable to approach the problem of control of
industrial organic emissions through a system of classification in
which all chemicals deriving from a given source or utilized by a
given industry or sharing a set of common characteristics, and so
forth, are studied as a group and ranked according to their capacity
to inflict adversity upon man and his environment relative to the
other members of the group.
The compounds addressed in the present effort are those poten-
tially released to the atmosphere from chemical manufacturing plants.
In order to assist the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in
determining which of these compounds are most likely to cause adverse
1-1
-------
health and environmental effects, The MITRE Corporation, in an
''"/
initial four-week effort, compiled a preliminary list of 637 -indus-
trial organic chemicals. In addition to assembling this list, the
first two weeks of MITRE's initial effort were devoted to obtaining
information on production levels, toxicity potential, and chemical
and physical properties of these compounds and to developing a suitable
system for "weighting" or "scoring" each compound for each pertinent
parameter. The last two weeks were spent in analyzing the informa-
tion, scoring the compounds for production-release, volatility and
toxicity, mathematically determining the individual scores to obtain
a final score for each compound when possible, and documenting
the findings. The results of this effort were published in June 1976
as MTR-7248 entitled "Scoring of Organic Air Pollutants." Due to the
limited time allowed for the initial task, difficulties were encoun-
tered in procuring the required information, duplications went un-
detected, and printing errors proved unavoidable. The present
document represents a revision of the original report in which
considerable effort has been expended to exhaust all readily available
secondary sources of information and to correct errors and duplications.
Use of the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (referred to
herein as the CAS number) to ascertain the chemical name for each
compound further aided in clarifying ambiguities and in avoiding
repetition. When no information was available for a compound, or
when a compound was not presently manufactured in the United States
1-2
-------
the compound was deleted from the document. Where sufficient data
were available, compounds previously grouped together as a single
entry were separated and described individually. Final scores were
determined for additional compounds when the acquision of new infor-
mation rendered this possible. The total number of compounds
reviewed in this final version of the document is 637. However,
many of these compounds could not be fully evaluated due either to
the fact that their production statistics are considered proprietary
information or to a lack of suitable toxicological studies reported
in the literature.
The purpose of this project, once again, is to provide informa-
tion which will enable the Environmental Protection Agency to
assess the relative potential threat to human health and to the
environment of chemicals or groups of chemicals released to the
atmosphere from chemical manufacturing plants only. The document
does not address those threats occurring as a result of losses from
vehicle loading, pipeline transfer or transportation of the compounds
or losses due to their utilization as precursors in industrial
synthesis. Neither does the document provide sufficient information
to ascertain the relative threat posed by losses incurred as a result
of or subsequent to industrial and nonindustrial applications.
A detailed description of the approach and methodology used for
this effort is presented in Sections 2.0 and 3.0, and the scores for
each of the-637 chemicals analyzed are presented in Section 4.0. The
dossiers containing all the available information on each compound are
1-3
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presented in a series of appendices to this report. Various chemical,
industrial, and biological criteria have been suggested as suitable
for an environmentally relevant organic chemical classification
scheme. These criteria, as well as some indication of appropriate
applications for each, are presented in Section 5.0.
This effort was designed to assess the feasibility of evaluating
the relative potential for adverse environmental effects of a large
number of organic compounds entering the atmosphere from a specific
type of industrial source (namely, a production facility) by use of
chemical, toxicological, and industrial data. Such an analysis
appears practicable provided that sufficient information is available.
To insure a truly valid scoring, a more precise mathematical analysis
of the variables must be performed. Computerization seems advisable
due to the number of compounds involved and the number of possible
variables for each compound. Additional variables, such as dispersion,
adsorption, and solubility should be included in any accurate analysis
as should data on photoreactivity and photodegradation. Such informa-
tion is, however, generally obtainable only directly fromi.fahe research
literature and would require considerable time and effort to compile.
f
These and other possible follow-on projects are discussed in more
detail in Section 6.0 of this report.
The data and conclusions included here represent only an
initial attempt to score organic chemicals based on their production,
volatility, and toxicity. Far more work is required before this sort
of a ranking scheme can be finalized.
1-4
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2.0 APPROACH
Any attempt to rank organic compounds according to their rela-
tive capacity for inflicting adversity upon man and his environment
as a result of production losses to the atmosphere, must commence
with the compilation of a comprehensive list of those compounds of
possible concern. An initial listing of 350 compounds was prepared
by The Radian Corporation under contract to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and submitted to The MITRE Corporation as a pre-
liminary guide. Seven prominent listings were also utilized as
supplementary material. These eight references are presented in
Table 2-1. A total of 1,521 entries were included in these sources;
however, elimination of duplications and of those compounds for
which little or no information was available narrowed the final list
to 637 compounds.
The second stage of this effort involved the elucidation of
those properties and characteristics of the compounds in question
which must be assembled in order to perform the desired type of
ranking. The required information appeared to fall into one of four
categories: (1) measures of abundance; (2) measures of tendency to
enter the atmosphere; (3) measures of tendency to persist in the
atmosphere, and (4) measures of harmfulness. The best sources of
information relating to the abundance of a chemical are production
statistics. Production data relevant to release from industrial
sources include the annual U.S. production and the fraction of
2-1
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TABLE 2-1
LISTS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANICS
Radian - 350 raw materials, intermediates, products
NSF/Rann - Research Program on Hazard Priority Ranking of
Manufactured Organic Chemicals (278)
NIOSH Priority List of Criteria Development for Toxic
Substances and Physical Agents (471)
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk (150)
OSHA Standards for Carcinogens (14)
EPA - High Volume Industrial Organic Chemicals (22)
Chemical Engineering - "The Industrially Significant Organic
Chemicals" (100)
Chemical Week, "Pesticides ''72" . (81)
2-2
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production lost. This info ration was readily available for many
of the compounds under consideration but not for all. The sources
consulted for production statistics are presented in Table 2«2.
The tendencies to enter and persist in the atmosphere may best
be estimated from consideration of certain physical and chemical
properties. Included among these are vapor pressure and boiling
point (measures of volatility); reactivity towards alkoxy, alkyl
peroxy, or hydroxide radicals; and other reactions of note (for
example, photodegradabiiity) which bear upon the atmospheric sta-
bility of the compounds. Physical data sufficient for categorizing
each compound with respect to volatility was available for the
majority of the 637 compounds; information concerning atmospheric
stability can only be found through an extensive literature search.
An effort of this nature was beyond the scope of this task.
The only measure of harmfulness for which abundant data could
consistently be found was toxicity. Consequently, toxicity was
the only measure of harmfulness considered for the ranking scheme.
The major toxicological data sought for each compound included the
range of LD 's and/or LC^'s in experimental animals; the non-
lethal effects resulting from acute exposure; and the carcinogenic,
mutagenic, and teratogenic potential, where applicable. Effects of
chronic exposure other than those mentioned above were not summarized
in any of the indexes or other reference materials available for
this study. However, the extent to which a compound may adversely
affect human health following prolonged or repeated exposure is
2-3
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TABLE 2-2
SOURCES REVIEWED FOR PRODUCTION STATISTICS
A. PERIODICALS
TITLE
American Chemical Society Journal
Chemical Abstracts
Chemicals
Chemical Engineering
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Marketing Reporter
Chemical Week
Chemistry and Industry
Journal of Applied Physics
Modern Plastics
Pesticide Review
BOOKS. MONOGRAPHS AND REPORTS
TITLE
B.
Assessment of Industrial
Hazardous Waste Practices,
Organic Chemicals, Pesticides
and Explosives Industries
Chemical Economics Handbook
Chemical Forecasts by Computer
Chemical Technology and
Economics in Environmental
Perspectives
Dangerous Properties of
Industrial Materials
PUBLISHER
American Chemical Society
American Chemical Society
U.S. Department of Commerce
McGraw-Hill, Inc.
American Chemical Society
American Institute of Chemical
Engineers
Schnell Publishing Co.
McGraw-Hilli ,Inc.
The Society of the Chemical
Industry
Argonne National Laboratory
McGraw-Hill, Inc.
U.S. Department of Agriculture
PUBLISHER OR AUTHOR
NTIS
Stanford Research Institute
Hull and Company
U.S. EPA
N.I. Sax
2-4
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TABLE 2-2 (CONTINUED)
B. BOOKS, MONOGRAPHS AND REPORTS (Continued)
TITLE
Directory of Chemical Producers-
U.S.A.
Facts and Figures of the
Plastics Industry
Final Report of the NSF Workshop
Panel to Select Organic Com-
pounds Hazardous to the Environ-
ment; Raw Data Sheets prepared
for the Panel on 289 Chemicals
High Volume Industrial Organic
Chemical Study (HVIOC) Final
Report
IARC Monographs on the Evalua-
tion of Carcinogenic Risk of
Chemicals to Man
The Kline Guide to the Chemical
Industry
The Manufacture and Use of
Selected Aryl and Alkyl Aryl
Phosphate Esters
Production, Distribution, Use
and Environmental Impact of
Selected Pesticides
Standard and Poor's Industry
Surveys. Chemicals-Basic
Analysis
Synthetic Organic Chemicals,
U.S. Production and Sales
System Analysis of Air Pollutant
Emissions from the Chemical/
Plastics Industry
Vapor-Phase Organic Pollutants-
Volatile Hydrocarbons and
Oxidation Products
PUBLISHER OR AUTHOR
Stanford Research Institute
The Society of the Plastics
Industry, Inc.
National Science Foundation
and Stanford Research
Institute
U.S. EPA
International Agency for
Research on Cancer
Kline and Company, Inc.
U.S. EPA
NTIS
Standard and Poor's Corp.
U.S. Tariff Commission
U.S. EPA
U.S. EPA
2-5
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TABLE 2-2 (CONCLUDED)
C. DATA BANKS, AGENICES, COMPANIES AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
The American Chemical Society
The Bureau of the Census
The Dow Chemical Company
The Eastman-Kodak Company
The Manufacturing Chemists Association
The National Agricultural Library
Scisearch (Multidiciplinary Index to the Literature of Science
and Technology)
The Shell Chemical Company
The Union-Carbide Corporation
The U.S. Department of Agriculture
2-6
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often reflected in the occupational ambient air standards set for
the compound. These standards (or in their absence, the established
threshold limit values) were therefore utilized as supplementary in-
dicators of toxicity. Although some measure of toxicological poten-
tial was available for almost every compound, in no instance was data
available for each of the designated categories.
Dossiers containing the relevant data for each compound were
prepared in the third stage of the project. Several parameters,
not directly related to air pollution via volatilization from in-
dustrial sources, were included in the dossiers under the categories
of production and chemical and physical properties since the infor-
mation in many cases was readily available and might prove useful
at some future date. Examples of such parameters are water solubility
and fraction of production dispersed through use. The dossiers for
the 637 compounds are presented in the Appendices. While the chemical
and physical properties of many of these compounds render it unlikely
that they would constitute a serious air pollution hazard (e.g, com-
pounds which are nonsubliming solids), they were included in the
evaluation since all compounds have a finite vapor pressure and
it was believed that low volatility would be reflected in the
ranking procedure.
2-7
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3.0 METHODOLOGY FOR PRIORITY RANKING
The determination of numerical values by which the organic
chemicals under consideration could be rated for their comparative
potential to enter the atmosphere from industrial sources and pose
a toxicological threat, was accomplished in two phases. The first
phase was the designation of a score for each parameter (and sub-
parameter) selected as relevant to the nature of the rankings. As
was stated in Section 2.0, of the four parameters chosen (plant re-
lease, volatility, atmospheric stability, and toxicity) little infor-
mation was available on atmospheric stability and this category was
subsequently eliminated from the input. The scoring systems for each
of the parameters included in the ranking are presented in Table 3-^1.
With few exceptions, the scoring system is self-explanatory.
The first exception concerns the category of production. Where
actual production figures were unavailable, 80 percent capacity was
used (Chemical Week, May 12, 1976); where a fraction of production lost
I
was unknown, a value of 0.015 was assumed. The second exception
deals with volatility. In those cases where vapor pressure was not
obtainable, the boiling point was used as an index of volatility.
Liquids boiling at or above the boiling point of water (100°C) were
given scores of 2; those boiling between 80°C and 100°C were scored
as 3. Finally, those with boiling points below 80°C were considered
as highly volatile liquids and were given scores of 4. The next
set of exceptions concerns the occupational standards. Where no
i\
3-1
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TABLE 3-1
SCORING SYSTEM FOR PRIORITY RANKING OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS
Annual U.S. Production (10 Ibs)
Range Score
<1 0
>1<10 1
>10<25 2
>25<50 3
>50<100 4
>100 5
Acute Toxicity I:
(LD5Q in mg/kg)
Range Score
<50 5
>50<250 4
>250<1000 3
>1000<5000 2
>5000<10,000 1
>10,000 0
Fraction of Production Lost
Range
O.OK0.015
>0.015<0.02
>0.02<0.03
>0.03
Score
1
2
3
4
5
Acute Toxicity II:
Range
<100
>100<200
>20(K1000
23.000OOOO
>3000<5000
>5000
Score
5 ' :
4
3
2
1
0
Volatility
(vapor pressure in mmHg
at normal tempera'tures)
State Range ---Score
Solid - 1
Liquid <24 2
Liquid £$4i£00 3
Liquid >100 4
Gas - 5
Nomlethal Acute Effects
Type ''of effect S Score
Mild 1
Severe 2
N>
-------
TABLE 3-1 (CONCLUDED)
Carcinogenic! ty
Effects noted
or status Score
Carcinogenic 5
Produces neoplasm 4
Under test 3
Not tested 0
Negative 0_**
Mutagenicity
Status Score
Mutagenic 5
Not tested o
Negative 0 **
Tera to genici ty
Status Score
Tera to genie 5
Not tested o
Negative 0 **
Occupational Standard
(TWA* in.ppm)
Range Score
S5 or carcinogen 5
>5<10 4
>10*25 3
>25<100 2
>100<200 1
>200 0
I
u>
*TWA - time weighted average concentration in the air over an 8-hour work day assuming a 40-hour
work week.
**0 - indicates a negative result following testing of the compound for carcinogenic!ty, muta-
genicity or teratogenicity.
-------
standard was established or when the standard was not readily obtain-
able, the threshold limit value, when available, was substituted.
The justification for this substitution lies in the fact that in the
majority of cases where both values are known, the values are
identical. In addition, the occupational standards, usually given
3
in ppm, are sometimes presented in mg/m . These units are usually
employed when the corresponding ppm would be less than 1. Conse-
quantly, a value of "5," indicative of a reasonably toxic compound,
was assigned to the majority of compounds in which the standards
3
were expressed in the units of mg/m . In the summarization of data
in Section 4.0, values for occupational standards are presented in
ppm unless otherwise noted.
The final set of exceptions concerns the scoring for acute
toxicity. When the range of LD 's or LC,_n's, fol!6wing internal
exposure in mammalian species, did not fall into one of the arbitrar-
ily designated categories, the score was assigned based on the median
value. Furthermore, in a few cases where LD,. 's or LC 's were avail-
Lo Lo
able but LD 's or LC_0's were not, scoring was based on the highest
LD_ or LCT recorded in a mammal.
Lo Lo
The final phase of the task consisted of the development of a
suitable mathematical procedure for combining the individual scores
to produce a final score for each compound which would place that
compound in its appropriate position in the hierarchy. Simple
addition of the scores was ruled out since this operation would not
3-4
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permit a wide enough spread in the scores. Multiplication of scores
seemed a better alternative, provided that provisions were made for
mathematical compensation where data gaps existed. The following
formula was decided upon:
P x F XV s T
f x * x v x
(possible) >F
where P is the score for annual production, F is the score
lr Jj
for fraction of production lost, V is the score for volatility, T
(total) is the sum of the scores for the various categories of
toxicity, T (possible) is the total toxicity score possible for the
compound (based on available data) , and S_ is the final score. While
r
T (total) was determined by simple addition of the constituent scores,
T (possible) was modified so as not to penalize those compounds for
which LD,.n's, occupational standards or nonlethal acute effects data
were not available. In addition, an effort was made to ;give heavier
weight to those compounds known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, or
terato genie. Specifically, scores for acute toxicity, nonlethal:
acute effects, occupational standards or any combination of these
were omitted from T (possible) when the respective data were not
available; however, when data concerning mutagenicity, carcinogen-
icity, or teratogenicity were not available, negative results were
assumed, a score of "0" was assigned to the compound, and a full
value of "5" for each category was included in T(possible) . Those
compounds receiving scores of 0 due to negative results following
laboratory testing are differentiated from untested compounds by the
3-5
-------
symbol OT in the appropriate column of the data summary and scoring
sheets in Section 4.0. Thus, the highest score for T (total)/! (pos-
sible) could only be achieved if a compound were highly mutagenic,
highly carcinogenic, and highly teratogenic. Information was, in
all cases, insufficient to place any compound in this category.
Where production and/or toxicity data were unavailable, the
compound received no final score. In addition, annual production of
less than 1 million pounds per year was scored as zero, thus elimina-
ting compounds produced in small quantities from the final analysis.
The number of compounds receiving final scores was, therefore,
limited to 326.
3-6
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4.0 CHEMICAL RANKING
The scores calculated for each of the .637' organic compounds and
the data utilized to obtain these scores are presented in Table 4-1.
A dash indicates that a given variable could not be computed, this
being different from a score of zero or an N.A. when data was not
available. The maximum possible score is 125 (5x5x5x1).
4-1
-------
TABLE 4-1
CHEMICAL RANKING
COMPOUND
Acenaphthene
Acetal
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldol
Acetamide
- Acetamido f luorene
Acetanilide
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetone cyanohydrin
Acetonitrile
Acetophenone
Acetylene
Acetylene tetrabromide
Acetylene tetrachloride
Acrolein
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI]
Production X Production Loss
Actual
na
56.8
1500
226.5
na
na
5.5
2097
1633.1
1980.3
537.9
135
2.68
538
na
na
61.73
Score
-
4
5
5
-
' -
1
5
5
5
5
5
1
5
-
-
4
Fraction
na
0.03
0.015
0.015
na
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
na
0.015
Score
_
5
3
3
-
-
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
-
-
3
= Product
-
20
15
15
-
-
3
15
15
15
15
15
3
15
-
-
12
Vapor
Pressure
Solid
28.8 mm at
25 C
923 mm at
25 C
10 mm at
25 C
Solid
>olid
Solid
,1.4 mm
it 20 C
5.09 mm at
25 C
!27.3 at
25 C
na (BP=82
C at 23 mm
)2.8 mm
it 25 C
L mm at
37.1 C
;as
L mm at
65 C
i. 75 mm
it 25 C
!88.2 mm
it 25 C
LITY X TOXICI
Score
1
3
4
2
1
1
1
- 2
2
4
3
3
2
5
2
2
4
OSHA
Standard
. (air)
TWA
na
na
200
na
na
na
na
10
5
1000
na
40
na
na
1
5
0.1
Score
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
4
5
0
-
2
-
-
5
5
5
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC5*0
Eange
na
4570
560-
1930
2180-
140
8300-.
10,000
1020
800 .-7
1210
525-491
5620*
1780
1295-
5300
3-17
575*
1920-
3800
'900
90,00o'
400
700*
7-
562
Score
-
2
3
2
1
2
3
0 2
0*
2
2
5
3*
2
3
a
3
S
5
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
1
1
-
1
-
1
2
2
2
-
2
2
1
1
2
2
1 "FINAL
n = SCORE
Carcino-
genicity
Score
3
0
5
0
5
5
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
Renicity
Score
C
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
Tota^X
Xlotal
Possible
3/15
3/22
10/27
2/20
7/22
12/20
4/27
8/27
9/27
7/27
5/20
14/27
5/22
1/22
9/27
10/27
12/27
-
8
22
3
-
-
:1
9
LO
16
11
!3
1
3
-
-
21
LO
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Adipic acid
Alachlor
Aldrin
Allyl alcohol
Allyl chloride
Allylene
Allyl naphthalene
Amiben
p-Aminobenzoic acid
p-Aminobiphenyl
Aminoethylethanolamine
VINAL
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATD
Production X Production Loss.= Product
Actual
35
1411.8
1478.4
20
25
na
295
na
na
20
na
na
13.5
Score
3
5
5
5
2
3
-
5
-
-
2
-
-
2
Fraction
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.01
0.01
na
0.015
na
na
0.01
na
na '
0.015
Score
3
3
3
3
2
2
-
3
-
-
2
_
-
3
9
15
15
15
4
6
_
15
-
4
-
-
6
Vapor
Pressure
iolid
.61 mm
it 25 C
L13.8 mm at
25 C
iolid
na
(BP=100 C)
iolid
!5.6 mm
it 25 C
!59 mm
it 25 C
!as
iolid
iolid
iolid
lolid
<.01 mm at
20 C
ITY X TOXICITY = SCORE
Score
1
2
4
1
2
1
3
4
5
1
1
1
1
2
OSHA
Standard
. (air)
TWA
0.3mg
n3
na
20
na
aa
0.25
ng/m3
2
1
na
la
la
la
:ar.!i
la
Score
5 '
-
3
-
-
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
Toxicity .
LD50 or LC50
Range
170
60-
340
93-28C
576*
1900
1200- .
3000
7-200
42-96
165*
155-
7150
na
na
5620
1830-
6000
500
1800-
300Q
Score
4
3
4
3*
2
2
5
5
4*
2
-
-
1
2
3
2
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
2
1
2
-
-
2
2
2
- 1
-
-
2
-
-
Carcino-
genicitv
Score
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
3
3
5
0
Muta-
senicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total/
/Total
Possible
11/27
it/22
9/27
2/20
2/20
16/27
12/27
9/27
1/17
-
it/20
7/22
13/25
2/20
4
5
20
2
1
4
-
20
-
-
<1
-
-
1
carcinogen
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Amyl acetate
Amyl alcohol
Amylamine
Amyl chloride
n-Amylene
Amyl ether
Amyl mercaptan
Aniline
Aniline hydrochloride
Anisidlne (o and p)
Anisole
Anthranilic acid
Anthraquinone
Auramine
Azodrin
Banvel D
Banvel T
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI
Production X Production Loss
Actual
7.6
na
na
na
na
na
na
551.2
na
2.3
na
na
na
na
5
2
na
Score
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
5.
1
-
-
-
1
1
-
Fraction
0.015
na
na
na
na
na .
na
0.015
ria
0.015
na
na
na
na
0.015
0.015
na
Score
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
"
3
'-
-
-
.-
3
3
=
= Product
3
-
-
-
-
-
15
"
3
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
Vapor
Pressure
y .43 mm
at 25 C
3,16 mm
at 25 C
na (BP=
104.4 C)
10 mm at
25 C
858.0 mm
at 25 C
na (Bf=
190 C}
13.8 mm
at 25 C
0.67 mm
at 25 C
Solid
1 mm at
61 C
10 mm at
42.2 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
LITY X TOXICI
Score
2
2
2
2
4
2.
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
OSHA
Standard
^ (air)
TWA
125
100
na
na
la
la
la
5
la
).05m]
n3
13
ia
la
ia
la
la
la
Score
2 '
2
-
-
-
-
5
"
/ 5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC5*0
Range
7400
200-
3030
470-
1120
na
na
na
na
64-140
175*
750-
.072
1400
2800-
3700
4620
na
na
2-107
1000-
inoo
300
Score
1
2
3
-
-
-
-
) 3
4*
3
2
2
2
-
-
5
2
3
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
1
2
1
1
2
-
1
2
2
1
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
FINAL
n = SCORE
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
4
5
0
0
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tota^/""
XTotal
Possible
4/27
6/27
4/22
1/17
2/17
-
1/17
15/27
5/22
8/27
2/20
6/20
5/17
6/17
5/20
2/20
3/20
<1
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
"
3
-
-
-
-
<1
<1
-
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Benzaldehyde
Benz amide
Benzene
Benzenedisulfonic acid
Benzenesulfonic acid
Benzidine
Benzil
Benzi'lic acid
Benzoic acid
Benzoin
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzoquinone
Benzotrichloride
Benzoyl chloride .
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl amine
Benzyl benzene
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATII
Production X Production Loss
LCtual
3.4
na
11,120
na
na
10.4
na
na
79
na
na
na
na
na
16.8
10.4
na
na ;
Score
1
-
5
-
-
2
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
2
2
-
' '
Fraction
0.015
na.
0.01
na
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
na< -.
na: : '.
na
na
na . .
0.015
0.015
-nau'.-
. oaij . -
Score
3
-
2
-
-
3
3
3
3
*
- :
T
' ^
3
3
«
T
= Product
3
-
10
-
' -
6
-
-
12
-
-
- .
-
-
6
6
Vapor
Pressure
1 mm at
26.2 C
Solid
95.9 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
1 mm at
28 C
Solid
Solid
1 mm at
45.8 C
1 mm at
32.1 C
1 mm at
58.0 C
L ram at
29 C
1 mm at
76 C
ITY X TOXICITY
Score
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
na
na
10
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.1
ig/m3
na
na
na
na
na
Score
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC5*0
Bange
1000-
1300
1160
468-
4700
na
2050
214- .
309
2710
na
1460-
3040
na
1200
na
25-
8500
JlSQtT
790-
2460
64-194
1000*
na
5000T/
Score
2
2
2
-
2
3
2
-
2
-
2
-
4
2
2
3
3*
1
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
1
-
2
1
1
2
-
-
1
-
,1
-
2
1
1
1
Carclno-
genicity
Score
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
0
3
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
" : ' 'FINAL
SCORE
Muta-
Eenicity
, Score
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total/
Xlotal
Possible
3/22
2/20
18/27
1/17
3/22
10/22
2/20
-
3/22
3/15
3/22
3/15
16/27
3/22
3/22
It/22
1/20
1
-
20
-
-
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
2
-
-
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Benzyl benzoate
Benzyl chloride
Benzyl dichldride
Bis (chloromethyl) ether
Blsphenol A
Bromacil
Bromobenzene
Bromonaphthalene
1, 3 Butadiene
Butane
1-Butene
2-Butene (cis & trans)
2-Butoxyethanol
n-Butyl acetate
sec-Butyl acetate
tert-Butyl acetate
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI1
Production X Production Loss
Actual
na
66.4
na
na
370.4
8
na
na
3682.3
2331.1
2478
133.3
77.2
na
na
Score
4
-
-
5
..1
-
-
5
5
5
5
4
-
-
Fraction
na
0.015
na
na
0.015
0.015
na
na
0.015
0.01
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
na
Score
-
3
~
-
3
3
~
-
3
2
3
3
3
-
-
= Product
-
12
'-
-
15
3
-
-
15
10
15
15
12
-
-
Vapor
Pressure
<10 mm at
25 C
1.4 mm at
25 C
<10 mm at
25 C
na
Solid
Solid
48 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Gas
Gas
Gas
0.88 mm
at 25 C
15 mm at
25 C
na IBF=
112.2 C)
?|p=98 C)
VDIAL
ITY X TOXICITY - SCORE
Score
2
2
2
-
1
1
3
1
5
5
5
2
2
2
3
OSHA
Standard
. (air)
'TWA
na
na
na
na
D.5
na
na
na
1000
500
na
na
150
200
200
Score
-
-
-
5
-
-
0
0
"
-
1
1
1
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC5*0
Range
1000-
2240
1000-
1624
.67-324
200*
21°280
150
3400
na
na
250,001
658*
na
30-148
700*
1230
na
na
Score
2
2
) 2
3*
4
4
2
-
-
0
3*
) 3
3*
3
-
-
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
2
1
-
-
-
2
-
1
" 1
1
1
1
1
1
Carcino-
senicity
Score
0
4
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tota^'
/Total
Possible
2/20
8/22
4/22
9/20
9/25
2/20
2/17
-
1/27
4A27
1/17
4/22
5/27
2/22
2/22
-
9
-
-
5
<1
-
-
3
7
4
5
4
-
-
ov
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
n-Butylacrylate
n-Butyl alcohol
sec-Butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl alcohol
n-Butyl aldehyde
sec-Butylamine
tert-Butylamlne
Butylbenzoic acid
Butylenes (a, 8, y)
1, 3 Butylene glycol
n-Butyl-glycidyl ether
Butyl mercaptan
tert-Butyl phenol
tert-Butyl toluene
n-Butyric acid
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI1
Production X Production Loss
Actual
na
557.6
417
1000
na
na
na
na
3200
na
na
na
na
na
na
Score
-
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
Fraction
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
na
na
na
0.015
na
na
na
na
na
na
Score
-
3
3
3
-
-
-
-
r-
-
-
-
-
.
= Product
-
15
15
15
-
-
-
-
15
-
.
-
-
Vapor
Pressure
5.63 mm
at 25 C
7.69 mm
at 25 C
17.5 mm
at 25 C
41.54 mm
at 25 C
<10 mm at
25 C
169.8 mm
at 25 C
169.8 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Gas
0.06 mm
at 20 C
na
(BP=164 C)
^10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
<10 mm at
25 C
1 mm at
25.5 C
TDiAL
LITY X TOXICITY = SCORE
Score
2
2
2
3
1
4
4
1
5
2
2
2
1
2
2
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
na
100
150
100
na
na
na
na
na
na
50
10
na
10
na
Score
-
2
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
-
4
Acute
Toxlcity
LD50 Or LC50
Range
2000-
3730
790
771
933-.
3500
2490-
2700
380
180-
900
735
na
na
700-
2520
399-
1500
2500-
4020*
2520-
3250
30Qr20(
!48-150
800-
3180
Score
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
-
-
2
3
2*
2
0 2
)* 3*
2
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
2
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
2
1
Carcino-
genicitv
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Muta-
Renicitv
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicitv
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tota^X
Xlotal
Possiblf
2/20
7/27
4/25
5/27
3/22
4/22
4/22
It/22
1/.17
-
5/27
8/27
3/22
9/27
3/22
-
8
5
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
n-Butyric anhydride
n-Butyronitrile
Buxten
Cacodylic acid
Calcium propionate
Calcium stearate
Camphor
Caprolactam
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbofuran
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrabromide
Carbon tetrachloride
Castor oil
Cellulose acetate
Chloranil
Chlordane
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATU
Production X Production Loss
Actual
na
na
6
2
21.4
37.8
na
950
. 18
55
8
767.8
1000
1047
100
807.1
na
25
Score
-
-
1
1
2
3
-
5
2
4
1
5
5
5
5
5
-
3
Fraction
na
na
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
na
0.015
0.01
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.03
na
0.01
Score
-
-
3
3
5
5 .
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
5
5
-
2
= Product
-
-
3
3
10
15
-
15
4
12
3
15
15
15
25
25
-
6
Vapor
Pressure
<10 mm
at 25 C
20 mm
at 25.7 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
na
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
na'
BP=46.3 C
Solid
115.2 mm
at 25 C
na (BP=
313 C) .
Solid
Solid
<1 mm
at 25 C
TINAL
ITY X TOXICITY - SCORE
Score
2
2
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
4
2
1
1
2
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
na
na
na
na
na
na
2
na
5mg/
m3
5mg/
m3
J05mg/
m3
20
100
ppb
10
na
na
na
0.5
Jg/m3
Score
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
5
3
5
4
-
-
-
5
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC50
Range
na
500
1050
185-
1350
na
na
900
2140
480
48-
710
2-11
32-85*
400t
298
1770-
6380
na
na
500
4000
100-
700
Score
- '
3
2
3
-
-
3
2
3
4
5
5*
3
3
2
-
-
2
3
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
1
-
1
-
2
1
2
-
-
-
2
Carcino-
geniciti
Score
0
0
0
5
0
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total/'
/Total
Possible
-
3/20
2/20
8/20
-
-
14/27
3/22
13/25
20/27
10/25
8/27
9/27
18/27
-
-
2/20
10/27
-
-
<1
1
-
-
-
2
2
9
1
18
5
40
-
-
-
4
tLD.
'LO
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloroacetic acid
2-Chloroacetophenone
m- Chlor oanillne
o-Chloroanlllne
p-Chloroanlllne
o-Chlorobenz aldehyde
p-Chlorobenzaldehyde
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenztlate
Chlorobenzoic acid
6-Chlorobenzoyl chloride
p-Chlorobenzylidene
malonitrlle
Chlorodlfluoroe thane
Chlorodlfluoromethane
2-Chloro-4-ethylamino- ^
6-lsopropylamino-s-trlazin
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATII
Production X Production Loss
Actual
na
84
na
na
na
na
na
na
690
2
na
na
na
0.2
80
110
Score
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
-
-
-
0
3
5
Fraction
na
0.015
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.015
0.015
na
na
na
0.015
0.015
0.01
Score
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
3
3
2
= Product
-
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
3
-
-
0
9
10
Vapor
Pressure
100 ram
at 45 C
Solid
1 mm
at 48 C
1 nun
at 63.5 C
1 mm
at 63.5 C
1 mm
at 63.5 C
10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
12.14 mm
at 25 C
na
(BP=148 C)
Solid
na
(BP=238 C)
Solid
Gas
Gas
Solid
'FINAL
ITY X TOXICITY. = SCORE
Score
3
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
5
5
1
OSHA
Standard
. (air)
TWA
1
na
0.05
na
na
na
na
na
75
na
na
na
0.05
na
na
na
Score
5 '
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
_
5
-
-
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC5*0
Range
2-
1390
5-76
na
880
256
100-
420
10 1
na
2830-
2910
700-
724
na
na
35-
178
na
na
1750-
3080
Score
5
4
-
3
3
4
5
-
2
3
-
-
5
-
-
2
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
1
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
2
-
-
-
2
1
1
-
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0 .
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
Muta-
genlcity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tota^*"
/'Total
Possible
11/27
5/22
6/22
3/20
3/20
4/20
6/22
-
6/27
8/20
-
-
12/27
1/17
1/17
2/20
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
2
-
-
-
0
3
1
+LDLO
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Chloroform
Chloronaphthalene
m-Chloronitrobenzene
o-Chloronitrobenzene
p-Chloro'nltrobenzene
1-Chloro-l-nitropropane
m-Chlorophenol
o-Chlorophencl
p-Chlorophenol
Chloroprene
Chloropropham
m-Chlorotoluene
o-Chlorotoluene
p-Chlorotoluene
Citric acid
Crag herbicide 1
n-cresol
o-cresol
p-cresol
Crotonaldehyde
/
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI
Production X Production Loss
Actual
234.7
5
142
142
142
na
na
na
na
396
2
na
66
76
163
na
31.4
(P-H0
49.7
31. A
fw-m
226
Score
5
1
5
5
5
-
-
5
1
-
4
4
5
3
-
5 -
Fraction
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
.na
na
na
na
0.015
0.015
na
0015
0.015
0.03
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
Score
3
3
3
3
3
-
-
-
"
3
3
3
3
5
-
3
3
3
3
= Product
15
3
15
15
15
-
-
15
3
-
12
25
-
9
-
15
Vapor
Pressure
200 ram .
at 25.9 C
1 HOD
at 80.6 C
< 10 ram
at 25 C
2VcT
10 mm
at 25 C
na (BP-
139.5 C)
Solid
2.97 mm
at 25 C -
Solid
215.4 mm
at 25 C
Solid
4. 17. mm
at 25 C
4.11 mm
at 25 C
4.06 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
1 mm
at 52.0 C
1 mm
at 38.2 C
Solid
<10 mm
at 25 C
FINAL
hITY X TOXICITY = SCORE
Score
4
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
4
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
50
2 mg
/m3
1
1
1 ,
mg/m-
20
1
1
1
25
na
na
na
na
na
15
ng/m3
5
5
5
2
Score
5
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
3
-
-
-
5
5
5
5
5
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC50
Range
704-8C
28-100
1091-
1540
135-
288
.35-28J
420-
L414
.65-510
353-
1390
130-950
281-
1030
1600t
1200-
5000
na
na
na
42-961
730
242-
2050
121-
1380
207-750
6-300
1510-
4000*
Score
) 3
* 4*
2
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
-
-
3
3
2
3
3
4
2*
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
2
1
2
2
-
2
1
2
1
2
-
-
1
2
1
2
2
Carcino-
genicitv
Score
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
Muta-
senicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
Terato-
senicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
To tar/
Xlotal
Possible
16/27
8/27
11/27
15/27
8/25
8/27
9/27
14/27
9/27
12/27
6/20
-
-
It/22
8/25
9/27
16/27
15/27
11/27
36
2
12
17
10
-
-
-
27
1
~
~
5
~
"*
11
-
12
LDLO
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Crotonic acid
Cumene
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cyanoacetic acid
Cyanogen chloride
Cyanuric acid
Cyanuric chloride
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexene
Cyclohexylamine
Cyclopentadiene
Cyprex
Dacthal
Dalapon
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI
Production X Production Loss.
Actual
na
2292.9
2000
200
na
na
na
416
716.9
784.4
2298.4
12
80
2.0
2.0
5
Score
-
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
5
5
5
2
4
1
1
1
Fraction
na
0.01
0.015
0.015
na
..°a
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.01
0.015
0.015
0.01
0.015
0.015
Score
-
2
3
3
-
-
-
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
= Product
-
10
15
15
-
-
-
15
15
15
10
6
12
2
3
.3
Vapor
Pressure
Solid
6 . 56 nun
at 25 C
1 mm at
70 C
Solid
Gas
Solid
Solid
98.14 mm
at 25 C
1.7 mm
at 25 C
4.77 mm
at 25 C
160 mm
at 38 C
Na -
CBP=B4.52r
10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
ITY X TOXICIl
Score
1
2
2
1
5
1
1
3
2
2
4
2
2
1
1
1
OSHA
Standard
. (air)
TWA
na
50
na
na
na
na
na
300
50
50
300
10
75
na
na
na
Score
2
-
-
-
-
-
0
2
2
0
4
2
-
-
-
Acute
Toxicity
LD5Q or L(*50
Range
600-
1000
1400
8000*
95-400
200-22(
200
i& '
na
485
L297
2060
1350-
1620
na
320-
710
na
566-
1000
3000
3860-
9300
Score
3
2
0*
3
* 3*
4
4
-
3
2
2
2
-
3
-
3
2
1
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
2
1
-
1
-
2
1
2
- 1
-
1
2
-
-
-
' 'FINAL
re = SCORE
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total/
/Total
Possible
3/20
6/27
8/22
4/20
5/22
-
9/22
3/27
6/27
5/27
-
8/27
4/22
3/20
3/20
1/20
-
4
11
3
-
-
-
5
7
6
-
4
4
<1
<1
<1
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Dasanit
DBDC
DDT
Decahydronaphthalenes
Decyl alcohol
DEET
DEF
Diacetone alcohol
Diaminobenzolc acid
Diazinon
Diazomethane
Dibromodifluoromethane
Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
Dibutyl phthalate
24-Dichloroaniline
34-Dichloroaniline
o-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI
Production X Production Loss
Actual
4
10
45
na
152.5
10
5
na
na
10
na
na
36
35.5
na
na
,62.4
77.3
Score
1
1
3
-
5
1
1
-
-
1
-
-
3
3
-
-
4
4
Fraction
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
na
0.015
na
na
0.015
0.015
na
na
0.015
0.015
Score
3
3
3
-
3
3
3
-
-
3
-
-
3
3
-
-
3
3
= Product
3
3
9
-
15
3
3
-
-
3
-
-
9
9
-
-
12
12
Vapor
Pressure
<10 mm
at 25 C
na
Solid
<10 nan
at 25 C
1 mm
at 69.5
<10 mm
at 25 C
<10 mm
at 25 C
1.1 mm
at 20 C
Solid
<10 mm
at 25 C
Gas
<10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
<10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
ITY X TOXICI
Score
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
5
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
na
na
Img/
m3
na
na
na
na
50
na
0.1
ng/m3
0.2
100
na
5
ng/m3
na
na
50
75
Score
-
- '
5
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
5
2
-
5
-
-
2
2
Acute
Toxicity^
LD50 °r LC50
Range
2-10
til*
113-
1500
4170
4720
4000*-
200-
2000
150
93-
4000
na
2-
85
175**
2300**
1040-
3510
na
157
648-
740
330-2000
HPrfflO**
500-
2950
Score
5
4
3
2
2
1*
2
4
2
-
5
4
1
2
-
4
3
t3t
3**
1 2
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
1
1
1
-
1
2
2
-
2
1
-
1
-
2
2
'FINAL
ry = SCORE
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicitv
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
TotalX
XTotal
Possiblf
5/20
5/22
13/27
3/22
2/20
3/22
6/22
6/27
-
10/25
16/27
4/27
7/20
10/20
5/22
3/20
12/27
11/27
2
1
4
-
3
1
2
-
-
2
-
-
3
9
-
-
.5
5
LCLo
LD,
Lo
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Dichlorobenzidine
. Dichlorodif luoromethane
. l,3-Dichloro-5, 5-diinethyl
hydantoin
Dichloroethylene
Dichloroethyl ether
Dlchlorof luoromethane
Dlchlorohydrin
Dichloropentane
2 , 4-Dichlorophenoxy---
acetlc acid
Dichloropropane
Dichloropropene
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
Dicofol
Dicumyl peroxide
Dicyclohexylamine
Dieldrin
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI
Production X Production Loss
Actual
4.6
488.4
na
na
na
487
na
na
43
60
60
21.7
4.0
15
na
<1
Score
1
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
3
4
4
2
1
2
-
0
Fraction
0.015
0.015
na
na
na
0.015
na
na
0.01
0.1
0.01
0.015
0.015
0.02
na
0.015
Score
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
2
5
2
3
3
4-
-
.3
= Product
3
15
-
-
-
15
-
-
6
20
8
6
3
8
-
0
Vapor
Pressure
Solid
Gas
Solid
204.88 mm
at 25 C
1.23 mm
at 25 C
Gas
1 mm
at 28 C
<20 mm
at 25 C
Solid
53.02 mm
at 25 C
35 mm
at 25 C
Gas
Solid
Solid
<10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
'FINAL
LITY X TOXIC ITY = SCORE
Score
1
5
1
4
2
5
2
2
1
3
3
5
1
1
2
1
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
50
1000
0.2
ng/m3
200
15
LOGO
na
na
10
ng/m3
75
na
1000
na
na
na
0.250
ng/m3
Score
2 '
0
5
1
4
0
-
-
5
2
0
-
-
-
5
Acute
Toxic ity
LD50 °r LC50
Eange
4740t
324
Dg/tt
600
770
105
10,000
** ppm
93-
490
64t
80-
541
860-
1900
250
na
575-
1810
4100
373
10.5 -
46
Score
2
3t
3
3
4
0
4
4
3
2
4
-
2
2
3
5
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
1
1
2
2
1
1 .
2
-
2
2
2
1
-
-
1
1
Carcino-
genicity
Score
5
0
0
o.
5
0
0.
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
4
4
Muta-
Kenicity
. Score
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
senicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total/
Xlotal
Possible
10/27
'7/27
10/27
6/27
14/27.
1/27
6/22
4/20
15/27
6/27
9/22
1/22
2/20
2/20
8/22
15/27
1
19
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
13
10
1
<1
1
-
0
LCLo
, +
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Diethano lamina
Diethylamine
Diethylaminoethanol
Diethylene glycol
Diethylene glycol,
dibutyl ether
Diethylene glycol,
diethyl ether
Diethylene glycol,
dimethyl ether
Diethylene glycol,
monobutyl ether
Diethylene glycol,
monobutyl ether acetate
Diethylene glycol,
monoethyl ether
Diethylene glycol,
monoethyl ether acetate
Diethylene glycol, ,
monohexyl ether
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATD
Production X Production Loss
Actual
101.1
8.8
na
350
na
na
na
41.2
na
24.8
na
na
Score
5
1
-
5
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
Fraction
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
na
na
na
0.015
na
0.015
na
na
Score
3
3
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
3
-
-
= Product
15
3
'-
15
-
-
-
9
-
6
-
-
Vapor
Pressure
5 nun
at 138 C
247.1 mm
at 25 C
21 mm
at 20 C
1 nun
at 91.8 C
0.02 mm
at 20 C
<10 mm
at 25 C
2.95 mm
at 25 C
<1 tnm
at 20 C
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Dlethylene glycol,
monomethyl ether
Dtethylene glycol,
monomethyl ether acetate
Diethylenetriamine
Di (2-ethyl hexyl) adipate
Di (2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
Diethylstilbesterol
Diethyl sulfate
Difluoroethane
Difolatan
Dihydrotri- .
methylquinoline
Diisobutylene
Diisobutyl ketone
Diisodecyl phthalate
Diisooctyl phthalate
Dlisopropylamine
Diketene
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATB
Production X Production Loss
Actual
12.7
na
32.4
na
389.7
<1
na
na
2
30
na
na
153.3
43.2
2
na
Score
2
-
3
-
5
0
-
-
1
3
-
-
5
3
1
-
Fraction
0.03
na
0.015
na
0.015
0.015
na
na
0.015
0.3
na
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
na .i
Score
5
-
3
3
3
-
-
3
5
-
-
3
3
3
- "
= Product
10
-
9
-
15
0
-
3
15
-
-
15
9
3
-
Vapor
Pressure
0.2 mm
at 20 C
0.12 mm
at 20 C
0.22 mm
at 20 C
<0.01 mm
at 20 C
1.3 mm
at 200 C
Solid
1 mm
at 47 C
Gas
Solid
Solid
na
na
<10 mm
at 25 C
<10 mm
at 25 C
na
na
Score
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
5
1
1
2
-
2
2
4
-
OSHA
Standard
... (air)
TWA
na
na
1
na
5
og/rn3
na
na
na
na
na
na
25
na
na
5
na
Score
- '
5
-
5
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC50
Range
4160
3460
71-
1080
540-
900
143
34-67
340-
647
na
2500
1450-
2000
na
1416
na
na
700
560
Score
2
2
3
3
4
5
3
-
2
2
-
2
-
3
3
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
1
-
2
2
1
2
2
-
1
1
'FINAL
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
4
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Muta-
aenicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tota^*
Xlotal
Possible
2/20
2/20
9/27
3/20
25/27
17/22
18/20
1/17
7/20
2/20
2/17
7/27
-
9/27
4/22
2
-
6
-
28
0
-
-
1
2
-
-
-
4
-
VJT
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Dlmethoate
Dimethoxy benzidine
N.N-dimethyl acetamide
Dimethylamine
Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Dimethylaniline
Dimethyl butyl acetate
Dimethyl ether
N, N-dimethyl formamide
bym-dimetnylhydrazine
Asym dlmethylhydrazine
N-(l, 4-dimethylpentyD-N1
phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
Dimethylphthalate
Dimethyl sulfate
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulf oxide ,
Dimethyl terphthalate
Dinitrobenzenes (M,0,P)
combined
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATH
Production X Production Loss
Actual
2.0
< 1
na
95.9
na
15
na
na
na
na
<1.1
20
10
na
na
na
,2714
na
Score
1
0
-
4
-
2
-
-
-
-
1
3
1
-
-
-
5
Fraction
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
na
0.015
na
na
na
na
0.015
0.03
0.015
na
na
na
0.015
na
Score
3
3
'-
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
5
3
-
-
-
3
-
= Product
3
0
-
12
-
6
-
-
-
-
3
15
3
-
-
-
15
-
Vapor
Pressure
Solid
Solid
1.3 mm
at 25 C
Gas
1 mm
at 52.6 C
1 mm
at 29.5 C
na
Gas
3.7 mm
at 25 C
na
1.57 mm
at 25 C
na
0.01 mm
at 20 C
<20 mm
at 25 C
530.8 mm
at 25 C
0.37 mm
at 20 C
1 mm
at 100 C
Solid
ITY X TOXIC I
Score
1
1
2
5
2
2
-
5
2
-
4
-
2
2
4
2
2
1
OSHA
Standard
_ (air)
TWA
na
na
10
10
car-
cino-
gen
5
50
na
10
.na
1
mg/m3
na
5
ag/m3
.1
na
na
na
1
Score
- .
4
4
5
5
2
-
4
-
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC5*0
Range
30-350
1920-
3000
2240
!40-69£
280-
850
1770
1000**
na
&8o
95-220
60-
1329
172-
3578**
na
1580-
8500
100-
440
535-
3700
20-
2050
4390
na
Score
3
2
2
3
3
2
1
-
2
4
4
3*
-
2
4
2
2
2
5
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
2
-
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
-
' 1
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
TDJAL
n = SCORE
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
5
°T
0
Total/1
/Total
Possible
5/22
6/20
12/27
11/27
15/27
8/27
4/27
1/17
8/27
it/20
15/27
-
12/25
19/25
2/20
9/22
2/17
12/27
1
0
-
24
-
4
-
-
-
u
7
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
**LC
Lo
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Dinitrobenzoic acid
Dinltro-o-cresol
2, 4-dinltrophenol
Dinitrotoliiene
Dinoseb
Dioxane
Dioxolane
Diphenamid
Diphenyl
Diphenylamlne
Diphenyl oxide
Diphenylthiourea
Dipropylene glycol
Dipropylene glycol
monomethyl ether
Disodium methanearsonate
Disulfoton
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI]
Production X Production Loss
Actual
na
na
na
na
3
13.8
. na
3.0
na
na
na
na
67
na
35.0
8
Score
-
-
-
-
1
2
-
1
-
-
-
4
-
3
1
Fraction
na
na
na
na
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
na
na
na
na
0.015
na
0.015
0.015
Score
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
3
-
-
-
3
-
3
3
= Product
-
-
-
-
3
6
-
3 .
-
-
-
-
12
-
9
3
Vapor
Pressure
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Liquid
39.7 mm
at 25 C
70 mm
at 20 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
1 ram
at 66 C
Solid
0.01 mm
at 20 C
Liquid
Solid
Liquid
LITY X TOXICI
Score
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
OSHA
Standard
. (air)
TWA
na
0.200
ng/m3
na
1.5
na
100
na
na
0.2
1
ng/m3
1
na
na
100
na
.10
ng/m3
Score
- '
5
-
5
-
2
-
-
5
5
5
-
-
2
-
5
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 or LC50
Range
na
19-25
20-81
&fe
8-60
790-
3150
729-
3000
93-600
2400-
3280
250-
3000t
3370
iOO-720
na
7500
600-
1800
2.6-7
Score
-
5
5
3
5
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
-
1
2
5
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
2
2
2
1
2
1
-
2
' 2
1
-
1
-
-
-
^INAL
ry = SCORE
Carcino-
gen! city
Score
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
0
Muta-
senicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
lotal/
XTotal
Possible
-
12/27
7/22
10/27
11/22
11/27
3/22
3/20
9/27
19/27
9/27
3/20
1/17
3/25
7/20
10/25
-
-
-
-
3
7
-
0.5
-
-
-
1
-
3
2
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Ditridecylphthalate
Diuron
Dodecane
Dodecylbenzene
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic
acid, sodium salt
Dodecyl mercaptan
Dodecylphenol
Dodecyl sulfate, sodium
salt
Dodecyl sulfate, tri-
ethanolamine salt
Dursban
Dyfonate
Endosulfan
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI
Production X Production Loss = Product
Actual
27.2
6
na
553.2
364.1
15
17.4
26.8
16.1
5
2
2.0
Score
2
1
-
5
5
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
Fraction
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
0.015
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.015
0.015
0.015
Score
3
3
-
3
3
4
5
5
5
3
3
3
6
3
_
15
15
8
10 '
15
10
3
3
3.
Vapor
Pressure
na
Solid
1 mm
at 478 C
<10 imn
at 75 C
Liquid
Liquid
<10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Liquid
Solid
1U mm
at 25 C
Solid
ITY X TOXICI
Score
-
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
.1
ng/m3
Score
_
_
-
-
_
-
-
-
5
Toxicity
LD5Q or LC5Q
Range
na
437-
3400
na
na
105-
2000
309
2140
1300
na
i^
3
18-40
Score
-
2
-
-
2
3
2
2
-
4
5
5
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
_
_
-
1
2
_
.
-
-
-
«
re = SCORE
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0 .
°T
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total/
/Total
Possible
-
2/20
_
_
3/17
3/20
4/22
2/20
-
4/20
5/20
10/25
-
<1
_
_
5
2
4
1 .
-
<1
2
1
00
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Endothal
Epichlorohydrln
Eptam
Ethane
Ethanolamlne
Ethion
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetoacetate
Ethyl acrylate
Ethyl alcohol
Ethylamlne
Ethyl sec-amyl ketone
Ethylbenzene
Ethyl bromide
Ethyl butyl ketone
Ethyl chloride
PLANT RELEASE X VOLAT1
Production X Production Loss
Actual
2
495
5
5485
293
2
212.0
na
na
1850.6
45.9
na
6920
na
na
660
Score
1
5
1
5
5
1
5
...
5
3
-
5
5 .
Fraction
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.01
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
. 0.01
na
na
0.01
Score
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
-
3
3
3
-
2
2
Product
3
15
3
5
15
3
15
15
9
-
10
-~
10
Vapor
Pressure
Solid
16* 8 HUD
at 25 C
<10 ram
at 25 C
Gas
6 nun
at 60 C
<10 mm
at 25 C -
92.5 mm
at 25 C
1 nun
at 28.5 C
38.5 mm
at 25 C
54. 3. mm
at 25 C
1094.2 urn
at 25 C
na
9.63 mm
at 25 C
482.76 mm
at 25 C
<1 mm
at 20 C
Gas
" ; ' 'FINAL
ITY X TOXICITY = SCORE
Score
1
2
2
5
2
2
3
2
3
3
4
-
2
4
2
5
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
na
5
na
na
3
na
400
na
25
na
10
25
100
200
50
1000
Score
5
-
-
5
"
3
-
4
3
2
1
2
0
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 or LC5*0
Range
51
90-23?
.112
1630
1000*
305-
2537
26-
:55
709-
5000
1600*
3980
830-
1950
420t
1440-
8285
400t
2500-
3800
3500
2200**
.2760
na
Score
4
4
4
2*
2
5
2
2*
2
2
3t
2
3
2
2
2
2
-
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
1
-
2
1
2
2
1
" 2
1
1
-
2
2
~~
2
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TotalX
XTotal
Possible
14/27
8/20
4/22
8/27
7/22
it/22
3/22
8/27
8/22
8/27
5/25
6/27
5/27
4/25
2/22
<1
16
2
5
9
2
8
-
"
16
11
-
4
~*
~
5
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Ethyl chloroacetate
Ethyl cyanoacetate
Ethylene
Ethylene carbonate
Ethylene chlorohydrin
Ethylenediamlne
Ethylene dlbromide
Ethylene dichloride
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol diacetate
Ethylene glycol,
diethyl ether
Ethylene glycol,
dimethyl ether
Ethylene glycol,
monoacetate
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATII
Production X Production Loss
na
na
0,852.:
na
na
. 54.4
315.5
9293
3761.1
na
na
na
na
-
-
5
-
-
4
5
5
5
-
-
na
na
0.015
na
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
na
na
na
Score
-
3
-
-
3
3
3
3
-
-
-
-
= Product
-
-
15
-
-
12
15
15
15
-
-
-
Vapor
Pressure
4.93 mm
at 25 C
1 mm
at 67.8 C
Gas
0.01 mm
at 20 C
7. 65 mm
at 25 C
13.04 mm
at 25 C
14.54 mm
at 25 C
84.42 mm
at 25 C
0.05. mm
at 20 C
1 mm
38.3 C
9.4 mm
at 20 C
77.52 mm
at 25 C
(BP 181-
182 C)
ITY X TOXICITY
Score
2
2
5
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
na
na
na
na
5
10
20
50
na
na
na
na
na
Score
-
-
-
5
4
3
2
-
-
-
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC5*0
Range
na
750
na
na
57-580
385*
t24-76(
4000*
S5-250
680-
860
2000-
6610
1070-
4940
2440-
4390
na
1310-
3800
Score
-
3
-
4
3*
3
1*
4
3
2
2
2
-
2
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
1
-
2
-
1
1
-
- 1
2
-
-
-
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
f.
0
4
0
0
0
0
Muta-
Benicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TotaLX"
Xlotal
Possible
1/17
3/20
2/17
-
10/27
8/27
#-2L
6/27
8/22
2/20
2/20
-
2/20
SCORE
-
-
9
-
-
7
8 .
10-
11
-
-
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
Ethylene glycol, monobutyl
ether
Ethylene glycol, monoethyl
ether
Ethylene glycol, monoethyl
ether acetate
Ethylene glycol, monohexyl
ether
Ethylene glycol, mono-
methyl ether
Ethylene glycol, mono-
methyl ether acetate
Ethylene glycol mtrao-
octyl ether
Ethylene glycol,
monophenyl ether
Ethylene glycol, mono-
propyl ether
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl ether
Ethyl formate
PLANT RELEASE , X VOLATII
Production X Production Loss
na
205.4
na
na
137.4
na
na
na
na
5
3961.8'
103.2
na
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
1
5
5
na
0.015
na
na
0.015
na
na
na
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
Score
-
3
. -
3
-
-
.-.
-
3
3
3
« Product
-
15
'-
-
15
-
-
-
na
3
15
15
Vapor
Pressure
0.76mm
at 20 C
3.8 nun
at 20 C
1.2 mm
at 20 C
0.05 mm
at 20 C
6.2 mm
at 20 C
1.2 mm
at 20 C
0.02 mm
at 20 C
<0.01 mm
at 20 C
(BP 150 C
at 743 mm
160 mm
at 20 C
Gas
442 mm
at 20 C
258.48 mm
at 25 C
ITY X TOXICm
Score
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
5
4
4
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
50
200
100
na
25
25
na
na
na
1
ag/m3
50
400
100
Score
2
1
2
-
3
3
-
-
-
5
2
0
2
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r L(f50
Range
280-
1480
1400-
4300
1420-
1910
1480
950- '
2460
1340*
1250-
3390
na
1260
4890
3.8-11
270-330
836-
1462*
1700
1100-
2070
Score
3
2
2
2
2
2*
2
-
2
2
5
3
3*
2
2
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
1
2
1
-
2
1
-
-
-
2
2
1
1
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0.
0
Muta-
genicitv
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SCORE
Tota^*
XTotal
Possible
6/27
5/27
5/27
2/20
7/27
6/27
-
2/20
2/20
22/27
17/27
3/27
5/27
-
6
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
10
47
5
-
-------
i TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Ethylhexanol
Ethylidene chloride
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl methansulfonate
N-Ethylmorpholine
Ethyl naphthalene
Ethyl oxalate
Ethyl parathion
Ethyl silicate
Ferbam
Ferrocene
Fluometuron
Folex
Folpet
Formaldehyde
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATU
Production X Production Loss
Actual
264.7
na
na
0
na
na
na
15
na
2.3
na
4
3
2
5651.8
Score
5
-
-
0
-
-
2
-
1
-
1
1
1
5
Fraction
0.015
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.01
na
0.015
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
Score
3
-
-
-
-
"
-
2
-
3
-
3
3
3
3
= Product
15
-
'-
0
-
-
4
-
3
-
3
3
3
15
Vapor
Pressure
1 nun
at 50 C
230 mm
at 25 C
551.91 mm
at 25 C
(BP 159 'C)
(BP 138 C)
1 mm at
20 C
1 mm
47.4 C
-?10 am '
at 25 C
1 mm
at 20 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
Liquid
Solid
Gas
" : FINAL
ITY X TOXICITY = SCORE
Score
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
5
OSHA
Standard
. (air)
TWA
na
100
10
na
20
na
na
.11
ag/m3
100
15
og/rn3
na
na
na
na
3
Score
-
2
4
-
4
-
5
2
5
-
-
-
-
5
Acute
Toxicity
LD5() or LC5()
Range
3200
725
450-
682
200t
1780
sooot
400
2-1500
lOOOt
2700-
4000
335-
1550
89-900
76-910
10,000
260-
420
Score
2
3
3
4
2
1
3
5
2
2
3
3
3
1
3
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
2
-
-
1
1
2
-
- 2
1
-
2
-
1
1
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
Tota^^
Xlotal
Possible
2/20
7/27
7/25
.19/20
7/27
2/22
5/22
10/25
6/27
13/27
3/20
5/22
3/20
7/22
14/27
3
-
-
0
-
'
-
3
-
1
-
1
=1
1
39
*»
ro
Lo
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Formamide
Formic acid
Fumaric acid
Furfural
Furfuryl alcohol
Glycerol
Glycerol monostearate
Glycidol
Glycine
Glyoxal
Guanidine
Guthion
Heptachlor
Heptenes (mixed)
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATH
Production X Production Loss
na
46.9
42
149.6
70
199.2
27.2
160
na
na
na
4
6
114
-
3
3
5
4
5
2
5
-
-
-
1
1
5
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.030
0.015
na
na
na
0.015
0.01
0.015
-
3
3
3
3
3
5
3
-
-
-
3
2
3
= Product
-
9
9
15
12
15
10
15
-
-
-
3
2
15
Vapor
Pressure
1 nun
at 70.5 C
42.38 urn
at 25 C
Solid
2.08 mm
at 25 C .
1 DUB
31.8 C
<1 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Liquid
Solid
<10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
48.24 mm
at 25 C
ITY X TOXICIl
Score
2
3
1
2
2
2
1 -'.
2
1
2
1
1
1
3
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
20
5
na
5
50
na
na
50
na
na
na
0.2
ag/m3
0.5
ng/m3
na
Score
3
5
-
5
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
5
5
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 or LC5*0
Range
2539
145-
1210
na
127-
2300
40-
650 '
7750
200
450-
850
na
100-
760
100-
1500t
4-16
27-
116
na
Score
2
2
-
3
3
1
4
3
-
3
3
5
4
-
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
1
1
-
1
1
2
-
1
-
1
-
1
2
1
Y
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FINAL ~~
SCORE
Terato-
genicity
Score
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tota^/
Xlotal
Possible
11/27
8/27
-
9/27
6/27
3/22
4/20
6/27
-
4/22
3/20
11/27
11/27
1/17
-
8
-
10
5
4
2
7 .
-
-
-
1
1
. 3
03
LDLo
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Herban
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloronaphthalene
Hexalene glycol
Hexamethylenetetramlne
Hexanediamine
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydroquinone
Indene
Isoamyl alcohol
Isobutyl acetate
Isobutyl alcohol
Isobutyl aldehyde
Isobutylene
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI
Production X Production Loss
Actual
2.0
na
na
na
101 :
613.4
141.6
29.7
na
na
na
96.4
na
na
Score
1
-
-
-
5
5
5
2
-
-
-
4
-
-
Fraction
0.015
na
na
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
na
na
0.015
na
na
Score
3
-
-
-
3
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
= Product
3
-
-
15
15
15
6
-
-
-
12
-
-
Vapor
Pressure
Solid
Solid
Solid
<10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
Liquid
Solid
2.23 mm
at 25 C
<10 mm
at 25 C
19.61 ram
at 25 C
12.6 mm
at 25 C
210 mm
at 25 C
Gas
ITY X TOXICITY = SCORE
Score
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
1
2
2
2
2
4
5
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
na
1
0.2
mg/m3
na
na
na
10
2
mg/m3
10
100
150
100
na
na
Score
-
5
5
-
-
4
5
4
2
1
2
-
-
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC5*0
Range
1470-
4600
325-
4000
lit
3730
200-
9200
na
3700-
820
169-
544*
70-55C
na
1300
4760
2460
2810
na
Score
2
2
5
2
2
-
2
3*
4
-
2
2
2
2
-
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
2
2
-
2
2
1
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
Carcino-
Kenicity
Score
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tota^X
Xlotal
Possible
2/20
9/27
12/27
2/20
14/22
2/17
8/27
14/27
5/22
5/27
3/25
5/27
2/20
-
<1
-
-
-
10
2
22
3
-
-
-
4
-
-
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Isobutyric acid
Isodecyl alcohol
Isoctyl alcohol
Isooctylphenol,
ethoxylated
Isophorone
Isophthalic acid
Isoprene
Isopropyl acetate
Isopropyl alcohol
Isopropylamlne
Isopropyl chloride
Isopropyl ether
o-isopropylphenol
p-isopropyl phenol
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI]
Production X Production LOBS
Actual
na
147
na
20
na
100
467
41.9
1790
18
na
14
2084
na
Score
"
5
-
2
-
4
5
3
5
2
-
2
5
Fraction
na
0.015
na
0.030
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
0.015
na
Score
3
5
-
3
3
3
3
3
-
3
3
-
= Product
"
15
'-
10
-
12
15
9
%
15
6
-
6
15
-
Vapor
Pressure
Z.b/ mm
at 25 C
<0.01 mm
at 20 C
0.2 mm
at 20 C
Liquid
1 mm
at 38 C
Solid
600.93 mm
at 25 C
58* 8 mm
at 25 C
44.29 mm
at 25 C
321.2 mm
at 25 C
534.5 mm
at 25 C
150 mm
at 25 C
1 mm
at 56.6 C
1 mm
at 67 C
"FINAL
LITY X TOXICITY = SCORE
Score
z
2
2
2
2
1
4
3
3
4
4
2
2
2
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
na
na
na
na
25
na
na
250
400
5
na
500
na
na
Score
-
-
-
3
-
-
0
0
5
-
0
-
-
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 or LC5*0
Range
Zou
na
1490
900-
4000
2330 .
4200
144-
180**
3000
933-
6000
820
na
812
na
na
Score
3
-
2
. 2
2
2
4
2
2
3
-
3
-
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
-
-
2
-
1
2
2
2
1
1
-
-
Carcino-
genicity
Score
U
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
To tar/1
Xletal
Possible
3/20
-
2/20
2/20
7/27
2/20
5/22
4/27
4/27
10/27
1/17
4/27
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
14
4
7
9
-
2
-
-
LC.
Lo
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
Ketene
Ligninsulfonic acid,
ammonium salt
Ligninsulfonic acid,
calcium salt
Ligninsulfonic acid,
ferrochrome salt
Ligninsulfonic acid,
sodium salt
Lindane
Linuron
Magenta
Malathion
Maleic acid
Maleic anhydride
Maleic hydrazide
Malic acid
Melamine
Mesityl oxide
Production X Production Loss = Product
na
40
326.6
60
58.7
<1
2
.116
30
283.2
211.8
3.0
na
170
na
-
3
5
4
4
0
1
0
3
5
5
1
-
5
ma
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.010
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
na
Score
-
5
5
5
5
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
-
3
"
-
15
25
20
20
0
3
0
6
15
15
3
-
15
Vapor
Pressure
Gas
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
<1 nrni
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
9.16 mm
at 25 C
ITY X TOXICITY
Score
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
0.5
na
na
na
na
500
mg/m^
na
na
15
na
0.25
na
na
na
. 25
Score
5
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
3
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC50
Range
1300
na
na
na
na
60-
840
500-
3300
150t
50-
599
708
60
3800
1600t
1600t
354-
1120
Score
2
-
-
-
-
4
2
4
3
3
4
2
2
2
3
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
1
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
1
1
2
-
-
-
2
Carcino-
Renicity
Score
0
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
Muta-
eenicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SCORE
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TotalX
Xlotal
Possible
8/27
-
-
-
-
16/27
2/20
9/15
7/27
4/22
16/27
7/20
2/20
2/20
8/27
-
-
-
-
-
0
:l
0
3
3
9
1
-
2
-
ID,
Lo
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Mesitylene
Methacrylic acid
. Methacrylonltrile
Methallyl alcohol
Methallyl chloride
Methane
Methanearsonic acid
Methomyl
Methoxychlor
Methpxyethanpl
2- [2-(2-methoxyethoxy)
ethoxy ] ethanol
Methyl acetate
Methylal
Methyl alcohol
Methylamine .
Methylamylacetate
Methylamyl alcohol
Methylaniline
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI]
Production X Production Loss
Actual
na
na
10
na
na
12,400
30.7
2.0
10
119.1
31.7
8.8
na
5103.5
319
na
50
na
Score
-
-
1
-
5
3
1
2
5
3
1
-
5
5
-
3
~
Fraction
na
na
0.015
na
na
0.015
0.010
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
na
Score
-
-
3
-
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
-
3
3
-.
3
= Product
-
-
3
-
15
6
3
6
15
9
3
-
15
15
-
9
Vapor
Pressure
Liquid
1 ram
at 25.5 C
72.38 mm
at 25 C
Liquid
101.7 mm
at 20 C
Gas
Solid
Solid
Solid
6 2 nnn
at 20 C
na
212.5 mm
at 25 C
3ju mm at
'P r-
127.9 mm
at 25 C
Gas
3.8 mm
at 20 C
2.8 mm
at 20 C
1 nun
at 36 C
"FINAL
ITY X TOXICITY = SCORE
Score
2
2
3
2
4
5
1
1
1
2
-
4
4
4
5
2
2
2
OSHA
Standard
. (air)
TWA
25
na
1
na
na
na
na
na
15
ng/m3
25
na
200
1000
200
na
50
25
2
Score
3 '
-
5
-
-
-
-
5
3
-
1
0
1
-
2
3
5
Acute
Toxicity
LD5Q or LC*0
Range
dX
49
250-
S7-328*
soot
2000*
400*
3350
17-24
5000-
6430
890-
2460
na
3700
3013t
9800
1000*
3000
4000t
812-
2600
24-
1200
Score
?*t
5
4
4*
3
2
3
2
5
1
2
-
2
2
1
3*
2
1
2
3
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
1
1
1
-
1
2
2
Carcino-
genicitv
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
Muta-
Eenicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total^X
XTotal
Possible
6/27
6/22
10/27
3/20
2/20
4/22
2/20
5/20
11/27
5/25
it/27
1/22
5/27
2/20
4/27
7/27
15/27
-
-
3
-
14
1
1
2
6
2
-
11
8
-
5
~
LCLO
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Methylbenzyl alcohol
Methyl bromide
. Methylbutyl ketone
Methylbutynol
Methyl cellulose
Methyl chloride
Methylcholanthrehe
Methyl cyclohexane
Me thy Icy clohexano 1
Methylcyclbhexanone
Methyldioxolane
4, 4'-methylene bis
(2-chloroaniline)
Methylene chloride
Methylenedianiline
Methyl ethyl ketone
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI1
Production X Production Loss
Actual
na
24.6
na
na
20
458
na
na
na
na
na
7.716
591
2.2
509
Score
-
2
-
-
2
5
-
-
-
-
-
1
5
1
5
Fraction
na
0.010
na
na
0.03
0.010
na
na
na
na
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
Score
-
2
-
-
5
2
- '
-
-
-
-
3
3
3
3
Product
-
4
-
-
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
3
15
3
15
Vapor
Pressure
0.25 mm
at 25 C
Gas
10 mm
at 38.8 C
(BP 104 C)
Solid
Gas
Solid
47.06 ram
at 25 C
<10 mm
at 25 C
<5 mm
at 25 C
na
CBP 81-82C)'
Solid
435.8 mm
at 25 C
Solid
96.4 mm
at 25 C
ITY X TOXICI
Score
2
5
2
2
1
5
1
3
2
2
3
1
4
1
3
OSHA
Standard
^ (air)
TWA
na
20
100
na
na
100
na
500
100
100
na
na
500
na
200
Score
-
3
2
-
-
2
-
0
2
2
-
-
0
-
1
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC50
Range
400
21*
2590
3600
na
1800
lOOt
7500*
4000t
1750t
2140
3000
na
1500-
6460
280-
347
616-
3400
Score
5
2
2
-
2
4
0*
2t
2
2
2
-
2
3
2
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
2
1
-
-
2
-
1
1
2
-
-
2
-
1
TINAL
re = SCORE
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total/
Xlotal
Possible
2/20
10/27
5/27
2/20
-
6/27
9/20
2/27
5/27
6/27
2/20
5/15
4/27
8/20
4/27
-
7
-
-
-
11
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
1
7
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Methyl formate
Methylhydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isoamyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl methacrylate
Methylnaphthalene
N-methy 1- N ,' -nitro-H-
nitroso
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Mirex
Monosodium glutamate
Morpholine
MSMA
Nabam
Naled
Naptalam
Naphtha (solvent)
Naphthalene
a-Naphthalene sulfonic aci
B-Naphthalenesulfonic acid
a-Naphthol
B-Naphthol
1-Naphthylamlne
2-Naphthylamlne
Neopentanoic acid
Nitrllotriacetlc acid,
trisodium salt
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI]
Production X Production Loss
Actual
<1
47.3
23.3
35.0
1.4
2.0
2.0
8288.4
143
na
39.0
na
0
1.1
1.28
.5
85
Score
0
3
2
2
1
1
1
5
5
-
3
-
0
1
1
1
4
Fraction
0.015
0.030
0.030
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.010
0.010
na
0.015
na
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
Score
3
5
5
3
3
3
3
2
2
-
3
-
_
3
3
3
3
= Product
0
15
10
6
3
3
3
10
10
-
9
-
0
3
3
3
12
Vapor
Pressure
Solid
Solid
10 mm
at 23 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
. (HP
160-220 C1
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
ITY X TOXICI
Score
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
na
na
20
na
na
3
mg/m3
na
100
10
na
na
na
na
na
car-
cin-
ogen
na
na
Score
-
- '
3
-
-
5
-
2
4
-.
-
-
-
-
5
-
*~
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r L
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
p-nltro-aniline
Nltroanisole
Nitrobenzene
p-nltrobenzoic acid
Nitrocellulose
Nitroethane .
Nitroglycerine
Nitrome thane
m-nitrophenol
o-nitrophenol
p-nitrophenol
1-nitropropane
2-nitropropane
N-nitrosodiethylamine
N-nitroso dimethylamine
Nitrosoethylurea
Nitrosomethylurea
m-nitrotoluene
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATU
Production X Production Loss
Actual
8.17
na
551.2.
na
50
na
na
na
14.8
14.8
52
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Score
1
-
5
-
3
-
2
2
4
-
-
Fraction
0.015
na
0.015
na
0.030
na
na
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Score
3
-
3
-
5
-
-
3
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
= Product
3
-
15
-
15
-
6
6
12
-
~
-
-
-
-
Vapor
Pressure
Solid
Solid
0.284 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
20.3 mm
at 25 'C
1 nnn
at 127 C
36.27 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
9.87 mm
at 25 C
17.42 mm
at 25 C
Liquid
Liquid
Solid
Solid
1 mm
at 50 C
ITY X TOXIC I
Score
1
1
2
1
.1
2
2
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
1
na
5
na
na
100
2
ng/m3
100
na
na
na
25
25
na
na
na
na
5
Score
5 '
5
-
-
2
5
2
-
-
3
3
-
~
~
-
5
Acute
Toxicity
LD5Q or LC*0
Range
250-
3249
1400-
4700
150-
2000
770-
1960
na
860- '
1100
40-
450t
940-
950
447-
1414
1297-
2828
'5-467
800
75-500t
7JW622*?
.1-246
26-45
57-78
240-
300
L10-180
330-
3600
Score
2
2
3
2
-
3
4
3
3
2
4
3
3t
2**
4
5
5*
3
4
2
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
2
-
2
-
-
1
1
2
-
- 2
2
1
1
-
2
1
-
"FINAL
rv = SCORE
Carcino-
senicitv
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
5
0
Muta-
genicitv
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
Terato-
Kenicity
Score
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
5
0
Total/
XTotal
Possible
9/27
2/20
15/27
2/20
-
6/27
10/27
7/27
3/20
4/22
6/22
7/27
7/27
19/20
17/22
14/22
14/20
7/25
1
-
17
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
3
-
-
~
-
-
~
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
o-nitrotoluene
p-nitrotoluene
Nonene ;
Nonvl phenol
Octyl alcohol
m-octyl M-decyl phthalate
Octyl phenol
Oxalic acid
Paraldehyde
Paraquat
PCNB
PCP (and salts)
Pentaerythritol
n-Pentane
Pentylenes
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI1
Production X Production Loss
Actual
na
na
ha
191
na
200
na
18
na
0
3
46
100.4
478
na
Score
_
-
. -
5
-
5
-
2
-
0
1
2
5
5
-
Fraction
na
na
na .
.007
na
0.015
na
0.015
na
na
0.01
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
Score
-
-
.-
1
-
3
-
3
-
-
2
3
3
3
-
= Product
_
-
-
5
-
15
-
6
-
0
2
6
15
15
- '
Vapor
Pressure
1 mm at 50C
Solid
'CBP 149. 9C)
lOmmat 25 C
0.2 mm at 20C
<10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
253 mm at 23 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
400 mm
at 18.5
na
TINAL
f.ITY X TOXICITY = SCORE
Score
3
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
4
4
OSHA
Standard
_ (air)
TWA
5
5
na
na
na
na
na
1
mg/m3
na
na
na
500
Mg/m3
na
1000
na
Score
5 '
5
_
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
0
-
Acute
Toxic! ty
LD5Q or LC5*Q
Range
ia-2462
H04144
na
J620-
2140
L480
la
25t
700-
lOOOt
3500
22-80
1650
27-100
na
na
na
Score
2
2
-
2
2
5
2
2
4
2
4
-
-
-
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
-
_
-
-
-
2
1
2
-
- 1
-
1
1
Carcino-
Eenicitv
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
5
3
0
5
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
Total/
/Total
Possiblf
7/25
7/25
_
2/25
2/20
5/20
9/22
7/22
11/22
7/20
18/27
-
6/22
1/17
_
_
_
1
-
-
2
-
0
<1
3
-
16
-
ro
'LD,
Lo
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND .
Perchloroethylene
Perchloromethyl mercaptan
. o-phenetidine
p-phenetidine
Phenol
Pheno t-hlaz ine
o-phenylenedlamlne
p-phenylenediamlne
'. Phenylhydrazioe
Phosgene
Phthalic anhydride
Phthalimide
Phthalonitrile
Plcloram
. 8-plcoline
a- and fi-pinene
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI]
Production X Production Loss
Actual
673.7
na
na
na
2399
na
na
48
na
728.2
933
na
na
na
>60
120.7
Score
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
3
5
5
-
-
4
5 .
Fraction
0.015
na
na
na
0.015
na
na
0.015
na
0.015
0.015
na
na
na
0.015
0.015
Score
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
3
= Product
15
-
-
-
15
-
-
9
15
15
-
-
12
15
Vapor
Pressure
18.47 mm
at 25 C
Liquid
1 mm
at 67 C
<10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Gas
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
10.46 mm
at 25 C
1 mm
at 37.3 C
FINAL
_m X TOXICITY o SCORE
Score
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
2
2
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
100
800
na
na
5
5
ng/rn3
iUte
100
US/in
5
0.1
1
na
na
10.
ig/m
na
na
Score
2
- '
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
-
~
5
Acute
Toxicity
LD5() or LC*0
Range
85-
5000t
83
na
na
150-414
5000
na
17-
200f
80-
188
75-
3211*
800-
4020
na
35-
1860
1500-
3750
na
na
Score
1
4
-
3
2
3
4
4
3*
2
-
4
2
-
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
1
1
2
-
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
-
~
1
Carcino-
genicitv
Score
°T
0
5
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0
0
Muta-
Eenicity
. Score
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
Renicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total/1
/Total
Possible
3/22
10/22
7/17
5/15
15/27
9/27
10/27
11/27
11/27
9/27
9/27
-
it/20
7/25
~"
1/17
4
-
-
8
-
_
4
-
25
5
-
~
"
~
2
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Plperazine
Plperonyl butoxide
Planavln
Polyacrylami.de
Polybute'nes
PCBS (polychlorinated
biphenyls)
Polyethylene and co-
polymers
Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol
chloride
Polyethylene tetra-
phthalate
Polypropylene
Polypropylene glycol
Polystyrene
Polystyrene, thermo-
plastic resins
Poly tetraf luoro ethylene
Polyvinyl alcohol
Polyvinyl chloride
Princep
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI
Production X Production Loss
Actual
4.6
1.0
2
12.8
335.0
5.495
2295.9
52.4
na
2500
2162
359.2
3322
1647
13.2
100-141
4562
5
Score
1
1
1
2
5
1
5
4
-
5
5
5
5
5
2
5
5
1
Fraction
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.030
0.015
0.01
0.030
0.015
na
0.015
0.030
0.015
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.030
0.015
Score
3
3
3
5.
3
2 .
5
3
-
3
5
3
5
5
5
5
5
3
= Product
3
3
3
10
15
2
25
12 '
-
15
25
15
25
25
10.
25
25
3
Vapor
Pressure
Solid
na
Solid
Solid
<10 mm
at 25 C
<1 mm at
25 C
Solid
<10 mm
at 25 C
na
Solid
Solid
Liquid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
<10 mm
at 25 C
L.ITY X TOXICI
Score
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
OSHA
Standard
_ (air)
TWA
na
na
na
na
na
5-1
ig/m3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Score
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC50
Range
1100
3800-
11500
2000
na
na
2000-
10,000
na
na
1070
na
na
419
na
na
na
na
na
5000
Score
2
1
2
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
1
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
1
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
1
"
' "FINAL
CY = SCORE
Carcino-
senicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
5
4
5
0
4
0
0
4
4
4.
5
5
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
Total/
XTotal
Possible
3/22
1/20
2/20
-
-
13/22
4/15
5/15
2/20
4/15
-
3/20
4/15
4/15
6/17
5/15'
11/17
1/20
<1
<1
1
-
-
5
7 '
8
-
-
-
5
7
7
3
8
16
<1
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Propachlor
Propane
Propanil
Propargyl alcohol
Propazlne
8-propiolactone
Propionaldehyde
Proplonic acid
n-propyl acetate
n-propyl alcohol
n-propylamine
n-propyl chloride
Propylene
Propylene chlorohydrin
Propylene glycoj.
Propylene inline
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATII
Production X Production Loss
Actual
23
9608.3
6
na
4
na
na
60.4
32.4
83.1
0.2
na
23000
na
562.6
na
Score
2
5
1
-
1
-
-
4
3
4
0
-
5
5
-
Fraction
0.010
0.010
0.015
na
0.015
na
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
na
0.015
na
Score
2
2
3
-
3
-
-
3
3
3
3
-
3
3
-
= Product
4
10
3
-
3
-
-
12
9
12
0
-
15
15
-
Vapor
Pressure
Solid
Gas
Solid
Volatile
Liquid
Solid
na
<10 mm
at 25 C
4.49 mm
at 25 C
40 mm
at 28.8 C
19.8 mm
at 25 C
248 mm
at 20 C
348.8 mm
at 25 C
Gas
4.9 mm at
20 C
1 mm
at 45.5 C
na
TINAL
ITY X TOXICITY = SCORE
Score
1
5
1
3
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
4
5
2
2
4
OSHA
Standard
_ (air)
TWA
na
1000
na
1
na
na
na
na
200
200
na
na
na
na
na.
2
Score
-
0
-
5
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
5
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC5*0
Range
800-
1200
na
500-
1500
0.07
485
345
680-
820
625-
1900
6630
187,0-
3230
2310*
na
na
220-
720
195-
945
19-43
Score
3
-
2
5
3
3
3
2
1
2
2*
-
-
3
3
4
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
2
-
1
-
-
1
1
1
- 1
1
1
1
-
-
Carcino-
genicitv
Score
0
0
0
0
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
Muta-
genicitv
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total/
/Total
Possible
3/20
2/22
2/20
11/27
7/20
8/20
it/22
3/22
3/27
4/.27
3/22
1/17
1/17
3/20
3/20
14/25
1
5
<1
-
1
-
-
3
3
4
0
-
4
5
-
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Propylene oxide
Pyridine
Randox
Resorcinol
Ronnel
Ruelene
Salicylic acid
Silvex
Sodium acetate
Sodium benzoate
Sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose
Sodium chloroacetate
Sodium formate
Sorbic acid
Sorbitol
PLANT RELEASE X VOL AID
Production X Production Loss.
Actual
1640
>60
10
35
2
2
35
3
16.5
6
69
na
32
40
84.1
Score
5
4
1
3
1
1
3
1
2
1
4
-
3
3
4
Fraction
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.03
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.03
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
Score
3
3
3
3
3 "
3
5
3
3
3
5
-
3
3
3
= Product
15
12
3
9
3
3
15
3
6
3
20
-
9
9
12
Vapor
Pressure
596 mm
at 25 C
20.3 mm
at 25 C
<20 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
'FINAL
ITY X TOXICITY = SCORE
Score
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
OSHA
Standard
. (air)
TWA
100
5
na
na
10
5
ng/m3
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Score
2 '
5
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Acute
Toxic ity4
LD50 °r LC50
Range
690-
930
891-
1000
4000*
700
301-
340 .
118-
2823
100-
1000
891
375-
1200
335-
8000
2000-
4100
na
76-
165
807-
2500
7400
na
Score
3
3
1*
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
-
4
2
1
-
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
1
2
-
2
2
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Carcino-
Benicity
Score
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
5
0
Muta-
Benicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total/
XTotal
Possible
9/27
10/27
3/20
5/22
8/27
8/25
it/22
3/20
2/20
2/20
4/15
4/20
2/20
6/20
-
20
9
2
2
1
1
3
<1
<1
<1
5
-
1
3
-
5
0\
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Styrene
Succinic acid
Succinonitrile
Sulfanilic acid
Sulfolane
Sulfosuccinic acid, bis
(2-ethyl hexyl) ester,
Sutan
2, 3, 6-TBA
TCA
Terephthalic acid
Termik
1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloro-l,
2-difluoroethane
1, 1, 1, 2-tetrachloro-2,
2-difluoroethane
Tetrachloronaphthalene
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI]
Production X Production Loss
Actual
4394
na
na
na
35
12.4
6
2.0
1.0
4644.1
2.0
na
na
na
Score
5
-
-
-
3
2
1
1
1
5
1
-
-
Fraction
0.015
na
na
na
0.015
0.03
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
na
na
Score
3
-
-
-
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
-'
= Product
15
-
-
-
9
10
3
3
3
15
3
-
-
Vapor
Pressure
6.05 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
.01 mm
at 20 C
Solid
<10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
na
52.53 mm
at 25 C
Solid
FINAL
ITY X TOXICITY - SCORE
Score
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
OSHA
Standard
(air)
TWA
100
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
.na
na
2
ng/m3
Score
2 '
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC5*0
Range
216-
5000
2000t
100
na
1540-
3180
60- '
4800
4000-
5366
615-
1644
3320
1430
LWJ-
2.5
10000*
na
Score
2
2
4
-
. 2
2
2
3
2
2
5
0
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
2
-
-
1
-
-
~
- 1
-
-
-
1
1
Carcino-
genic! ty
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TotalX
Xlotal
Possible
6/27
2/20
4/20
1/17
2/20
2/20
2/20
3/20
3/22
2/20
5/20
-
1/22
6/22
7
-
-
-
2
1
1
<1
<1
2
1
-
, X.-
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
Tetrachlorophthalic
anhydride
Tetraethyl lead
Tetrahydrofuran
1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrahydro-
phthalene
Tetrahydrophthalic
anhydride
TetramethylethylenediaminE
Tetramethyl lead
Tetramethyl Succino-
nitrile
Tetranitromethane
Tetrapropylene
Tetryl
Thiuram
o-tolidine
Toluene
Toluene-2 , 4-diamine
Toluene diisocyanate
Production X Production Loss
Actual
na
353
59.0
na
na
na
972.5
na
na
na
na
15.7
na
6937.9
63
420
Score
5
4
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
4
4
Fraction
na
0.015
0.015
na
na
na
0.015
na
na
na
na
0.015
na
0.010
0.015
0.015
Score
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
-
2
3
3
= Product
15
12
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
-
6
-
10
12
12
Vapor
Pressure
Solid
1 mm
at 38.4 C
143 mm
at 20 C
1 mm
at 38.0 C
Solid
.na
6.0 ram
at 10 C
Solid
.1 mm
at 22.7 C
na .
Solid
Solid
Solid
28.4 ram
at 25 C
Solid
<0.01 ram
at 20 C
ITY X TOXIC I
Score
1
2
4
2
1
2
2 '
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
1
2
OSHA
Standard
. (air)
TWA
na
.0117
ng/m3
200
na
na
na
.09
ng/m3
3
og/m3
1
na
1.5
ng/m3
5
ng/m3
. na
200
na
.14
mg/m3
Score
5
1
-
-
-
5
5
5
-
5
5
-
1
-
5
Acute
Toxicity^
LD50 °r LC50
Bange
na
15
500-
3000t
2860
soot.
1580+
105-
109
60**
33**
500t
na
500
210-
1350
404
1640-
5000
5300*
5D-500t
10-14*
Score
5
2
2
3
2
4
4
5**
3t
-
3
3
4
2
0*
3
5*
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
2
1
2
-
-
2
-
1
-
1
2
-
2
2
2
TDJAL
Y = SCORE
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
4
0
Muta-
geniclty
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
Total/
/Total
Possible
22/27
4/27
4/22
3/20
2/20
11/27
9/25
11/27
-
9/27
15/27
9/20
5/27
9/22
12/27
24
7
-
-
-
12
-
-
-
-
3
-
6
5
11
£
oo
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
p-Toluene sulfonamide
o-Toluenesulfonic acid
p-Toluenesulfonic acid
p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride
m-Toluidene
o-Toluidene
p-Toluldene
Toxaphene
Tributyl phosphate
Trichloroaniline
Tr ichlor obenz ene
1, 1, 1-trichloro ethane
1, 1, 2-trichloroe thane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorof luoromethane
Trichloroisocyanuric acid
Trichloronaphthalene
2,4, 5-Trichlor ophenoxy
acetic acid
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATI1
Production X Production Loss
Actual
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
48
na
na
10
591
na
285.2
299.6
40.0
na
6
Score
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
1
5
-
5
5
3
-
1
Fraction
na
na'
na
na
na
na
na
0.010
na
na
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
0.015
0.03
na
0.015
Score
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
3
3
-
3
3
5
-
3
«
= Product
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
6
-
3
15
-
15
15
15
-
3
Vapor
Pressure
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
1 mm
at 41 C
1 mm
at 41 C
Solid
Solid
20 mm
at 20 C
Solid
1 mm
at 40 C
130.86 mm
at 25 C
25 mm
at 25 C
77.5 mm
at 25 C
717.5 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
LITY X TOXICI
Score
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
4
3
3
4
1
1
1
OSHA
Standard
. (air)
TWA
na
na
na
na
na
5
na
0.5
ng/m3
5
na
na
350
10
100
1000
100
na
10
mg/m3
Score
-
-
-
5
-
5
5
-
-
0
4
2
0
1
5
Acute
Toxicity^
LD50 or LC50
Range
75-
250
na
400
na
150-
974
150- .
3250
42-50
60
3000
na
756-
766
5660-
9470
227-
580
34-
4920
na
750
na
100-
500
Score
4
-
3
-
3
3
5
4
2
-
3
1
3
2
-
4
-
3
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
-
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
-
-
1
2
2
2
1
1
-
FINAL
re = SCORE
Carcino-
Benicitv
Score
0
0
0
0
4
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
°T
5
0
0
0
0
Muta-
genicity
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genlcity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
TotalX
Xlotal
Possible
4/20
1/17
5/22
2/17
9/22
14/27
12/22
10/27
7/25
-
4/22
3/27
9/27
11/27
1/22
6/27
-
13/25
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
- '
1
7
-
18
3
2
-
2
VjJ.
Oi
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONTINUED)
COMPOUND
1, 2, 3-trichloropropane
1, I, 2-trichloro-l, 2,
2-trifluoroethane
Tricresyl phosphate
Tridecyl benzene sulfonic
acid, sodium salt
Triethanolamine
Triethylamine
Triethylene glycol
Triethylene glycol,
diethyl ether
Triethylene glycol,
monomethyl ether
Triflu-ralin .
Triisobutylene
Trimethylamine
2, 2, 4-trimethyl-l,
3-pentanediol
Trinitrotoluene
Trithion
Urea
Vernam
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATU
Production X Production Loss
Actual
na
na
50.2
149.9
100.7
22.8
113
na
31.7
20
na
28.8
20
na
2
8390
2
Score
-
-
4
5
5
2
5
-
3
2
-
3
2
-
1
5
1
Fraction
na
na
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
0.01
na
0.015
0.015
na
0.015
0.15
0.015
Score
-
-
3
3
3
3
3
-
3
2
-
3
3
-
3
5
3
= Product
-
-
12
15
15
6
15
-
9 .
4
-
9
6
-
3
25
3
Vapor
Pressure
3.59 mm
at 25 C
Gas
0.29 mm
at 20 C
<10 mm
at 25 C
<0.01 mm
at 20 C
na
.mm at 14 C
0.9 mm at
20 C
<0.01 mm
at 20 C
Solid
2.08 mm
at 25 C
Gas
Solid
Solid
<10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
dO mm at
25 C
'FINAL
ITY X TOXICITY = SCORE
Score
2
5
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
5
1
1
2
1
2
OSHA
Standard
. (air)
TWA
50
1000
0.1
ng/m3
na
na
25
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
Score
2 '
0
5
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Acute
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC5*0
Range
320
na
100-
4680t
na
8000 '
460-
546
9739
na
.na
500-
500000
na
90
na
na
6-
218
511-
2000
1470-
1800
Score
3
-
2
-
1
3
1
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
5
2
2
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
2
-
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
Carcino-
genicity
Score
0
5
°T
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Muta-
genicitv
. Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TotaLX"
/'Total
Possible
7/27
5/20
8/27
-
1/20
8/27
1/20
-
-
2/20
~
5/22
-
6/22
2/20
2/20
-
-
7
-
2
5
2
-
-
-------
TABLE 4-1 (CONCLUDED)
COMPOUND
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl chloride
Vinylidine chloride
Vinyltaluene
Warfarin
m-Xylene
o-Xylene
p-Xylene
Xylenesulf onic acid
sodium salt
2, 6- ylenol
3, 5-Xylenol
Zinc stearate
FINAL
PLANT RELEASE X VOLATU
Production X Production Loss.
Actual
1210.7
4174.6
260
40
12.0
1710
;679.7
2419.3
37.4
na
na
19.4
Score
5
5
5
3
2
5
5 '
5
3
-
-
2
Fraction
0.015
0.02
0.03
0.015
0.015
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
na
na
0.03
Score
3
4
5
3
3
2
2
2
5
-
-
-
5
= Product
15
20
25
9
6
10
10
10
15
_
-
10
Vapor
Pressure
107.5 mm
at 25 C
Gas
617.4 mm
at 25 C
1.15 mm
at 25 C
Solid
8.56 mm
at 25 C
10 mm
at 32.1 C
10 mm at
273 C
<10 mm
at 25 C
Solid
Solid
Solid
ITY. X TOXIC ITY = SCORE
Score
4
5
4
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
OSHA
Standard
^ (air)
TWA
10
1
25
100
0.1
ng/m3
100
100
100
na
100
100
na
Score
4 '
5
3
2
5
2
2
2
-
2
2
-
Toxicity
LD50 °r LC!o
Range
2920
na
225-
5750t
4000
3-800
5000
1500-
5000
5000
500
150-
980
1070
na
Score
2
-
2
2
. 4
2
2
2
4
3
2
-
Non-
lethal
Acute
Effects
Score
1
2
1
2
_
2
-
2
- -
-
-
2
Carcino-
Kenicitv
Score
0
5
3
0
0
4
4
4
0
4
0
0
Muta-
Reniclty
. Score
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Terato-
genicity
Score
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tota^X
X^etal
Possible
7/27
15/20
14/27.
6/27
9/25
10/27
8/25
10/27
4/20
7/20
2/20
2/17
16
75
52
4
2
7
6
7
3
-
-
1
-------
5.0 CLASSIFICATION AND RANKING OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS
5.1 Chemical Classifications
Prior to classification, each chemical should be identified
by IUPAC chemical name, synonyms, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
registry number, and structure. This will uniquely identify each
specific compound and overcome difficulties posed by the ambiguous
nomenclature often associated with industrial organic compounds.
The use of CAS numbers will facilitate computerization.
5.1.1 Traditional Chemical Classes
Organizing industrial organic chemicals into traditional
chemical classes based on molecular structure and functional groups
is highly recommended. This should usually be done as a prerequisite
to further classifications. Some chemicals (e.g., fluorocarbons or
polychlorinated biphenyls) are almost always considered by regulatory
agencies as classes rather than as individual compounds.
A typical chemical classification scheme is presented in Table
5-1. Once compounds are grouped in chemical classes, chemical,
physical, and biological properties of individual compounds can
often be predicted. Members of a chemical class often behave in
a qualitatively similar fashion. In addition, some properties
increase or decrease systematically along homologous series.
Chemical classification of compounds with several types of
functional groups can be complicated. Computerized chemical
classification schemes have been developed and are particularly
5-1
-------
TABLE 5-1
TRADITIONAL CHEMICAL CLASSES
ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS
Hydrocarbons
Halides
Alcohols
Ethers
Sulfur Compounds
Esters of Inorganic Acids
Nitro and Nitroso Compounds
Amines
AlkyIhydraz ines
Aldehydes & Ketones
Monobasic Acids
Derivatives of Acids
Polyhydric Alcohols
Alkamines & Diamines
Hydroxyaldehydes & Hydroxyketones
Hydroxyacids
Dicarbonyl Compounds
Aldehyde and Ketone Acids
Dibasic Acids
Polybasic Acids
Cyanogen and Related Compounds
Purines and Derivatives
Carbohydrates
Amino Acids/Proteins
ALICYCLIC COMPOUNDS
Cyclopropane
Cyclobutane
Cyclopentane
Cyclohexane
Bicyclic Terpenes
Tricyclic Terpenes
Sesquiterpenes
Carotenoids
Chlorane
5-2
-------
TABLE 5-1 (CONCLUDED)
AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
Benzene
Homologs of Benzene
Unsaturated Benzene Hydrocarbons
Aromatic Halogens
Aromatic Sulfonic Acids
Nitro Compounds of Benzene Hydrocarbons
Arylamines
Phenol
Aromatic Alcohols
Aromatic Aldehydes
Aromatic Ketones
Phenolic Alcohols, Adlehydes, Ketones
Quinones and Related Compounds
Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
Polynuclear Hydrocarbons
Condensed Rings
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
5-Membered Rings
6-Membered Rings
Alkaloids
ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS AND ORGANOMETALLIC
Aliphatic Compounds
Aromatic Compounds
5-3
-------
useful in these cases (Flinn e^ al|., 1974). A computerized system j
would allow all chemical compounds' with a specific functional group to
t
be retrieved regardless of the presence or absence of other groups.
5.1.2 Partition Coefficient
The partition coefficient is a measure of the distribution of
a solute between two immiscible liquid phases in which it is
soluble. For a single molecular species, the partition coefficient
is a constant and does not depend on relative volumes of solutions
used. The most commonly used system is the octanol-water system.
The octanol-water partition coefficient indicates relative solubility
in aqueous and organic phases, providing information on the hydro-
phobic or hydrophilic nature of the compound (Leo et al., 1971).
Partitioning between aqueous and organic phases can serve as
a model of how a solute passes through membranes in a living tissue.
The absorption and accumulation of toxic pollutants are related to
their partition coefficients. The octanol-water partition coefficient
has been shown to be useful in predicting the binding'of solutes to
serum albumin and purified enzymes (Leo et_jJU, 1971).
A "bonding" parameter based on partition coefficients from a
single reference system is very useful when these values can be cal-
culated so that not every value need be determined experimentally.
Increments in partition coefficients along a homologous series have
been found to be additive for CH , OH, NBL, halogens, and other
functional groups (Leo et al., 1971).
-------
5.1.3 Vapor Pressure
Volatilization from water, soil, plants, and other surfaces is
an important route of atmospheric dispersion for organic pollutants.
Vapor pressure of a chemical compound is an indicator of its poten-
tial volatility. When a substance evaporates into air, its rate of
evaporation will be determined by its vapor pressure and its rate
of diffusion through the air. All liquids and solids exhibit definite
vapor pressures of greater or smaller degree at all temperatures.
In general, among liquids in the same chemical class, the vapor
pressure at any specified temperature decreases with increasing
molecular weight (Stull, 1947). The vapor pressures of solids are
generally small.
5.1.4 Physical State
Compounds can be classified by the physical state in which
they are most likely to be found under any given conditions of
temperature and pressure. At a constant pressure (atmospheric
pressure for most regulatory applications) boiling points and
melting points define temperatures at which changes of state occur.
Classifying chemicals as primarily gases, liquids, or solids
indicates in which phases of the atmosphere they are most likely to
be found (the continuous gaseous phase, dispersed liquid droplets,
or solid participates). This information is important in designing
monitoring and control strategy.
5-5
-------
5.1.5 Adsorption Affinity
Organic chemicals in the atmosphere are often found to be
adsorbed on fine participates. The forces responsible for adsorp-
tion appear to be primarily electrical in nature. These forces are
usually characterized as either physical or chemical. The forces
responsible for physical adsorption are similar to Van der Waals
forces between molecules. The much stronger binding forces respon-
sible for chemical adsorption are comparable to those leading to
the formation of chemical compounds (National Academy of Science, 1975).
Physical adsorption increases with the partial pressure of a >.
chemical compound (National Academy of Sciences, 1975). At low partial
pressures, the extent of physical adsorption is small, although a
great deal of chemical adsorption can occur. The partial pressure of
a chemical compound in the atmosphere is a function of the atmospheric
concentration of that compound.
Unlike chemical adsorption, physical adsorption is a readily
reversible process. A gas is desorbed when its vapor pressure in the
adsorbed phase exceeds its partial pressure in the gas phase. It is
an experimentally observed fact that, in general, for physical ad-
sorption, a gas of high molecular weight and low volatility is ad-
sorbed in preference to a gas of low molecular weight and high vola-
tility. Such a preferentially adsorbed gas or vapor will displace
other gases which have already been adsorbed.
Adsorption affinities of organic compounds are particularly
influenced by the polarity of the.molecule. Some common chemical
5-6
-------
classes ranked in order of decreasing adsorption affinity of their
functional groups are:
1. acids and bases
2. hydroxy, amino, thio, and nitro compounds
3. aldehydes, ketones, and esters
4. halogen compounds
5. unsaturated hydrocarbons
6. saturated hydrocarbons
The adsorption sequence will also be influenced by the position of
functional groups and the size of the molecule.
The atmospheric persistence of those chemicals which exist
primarily adsorbed on fine particulates will be affected by the
chemical's affinity for the particulate relative to water, the size
of the particulate, and the chemical's water solubility. Water, a
relatively polar compound, can displace less strongly adsorbed solutes.
The adsorption affinity of a compound relative to water will deter-
mine the extent to which it is "washed out" of suspended particulateq
i
by rain. The size of the particulate will also affect its atmospher-
ic stability. If a compound is water soluble, it is more likely to
be "washed out" than one which is 'hydrophobic.
Both adsorption affinity and ;vapor pressure should be considered
when ranking chemicals with respect to their likelihood of being
found in the atmosphere. Vapor pressure will indicate their likeli-
hood of being found in the gaseous phase. Adsorption affinity is a
-------
factor in determining their likelihood of being adsorbed on atmos-
pheric particulates.
5.1.6 Persistence in the Environment
This information can be categorized by media since different
factors would be primary determinants of persistance in the atmo-
sphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. For example, microbial degra-
dation is more important in the hydrosphere and lithosphere than it
is in the atmosphere (National Academy of Sciences, 1975) . All media
should be considered, even when focusing on air pollution problems
since pollutants are transported between media. A dynamic equilib-
rium exists between concentrations of a chemical in each compartment
of the environment. A compound which is emitted into the atmosphere
or distributed by airborne transport may accumulate primarily in the
lithosphere or hydrosphere.
A system used by Abrams et al. (1975) for ranking organic
chemicals with respect to persistence in the environment is shown
in Table 5-2. Because this system emphasizes biodegradation rather
than chemical reactivity, it is more appropriate for describing
persistence in soil or water than persistence in the atmosphere.
The suggested parameter for persistence in the atmosphere'is
half life, the time required for removal of half of the molecules of
a given compound from the atmosphere. The half life in the atmo-
sphere will be a function of such properties as photoreactivity,
reactivity towards active forms of oxygen, water solubility,
-------
TABLE 5-2
BIODEGRADABILITY (PERSISTENCE) CATEGORIES
Category
1
2
3
4
5
Biodegradability
Easily degraded
Degraded without
much difficulty
Difficult to
degrade
Very difficult
to degrade
Refractory
Persistence
in
Unadapted Soil
1-3 weeks
1-3 months
3 months to
1 year
1-2 years
2 years
Success of
Biological
Treatment of
Point Source
Susceptible to normal
waste treatment
Susceptible to normal
waste treatment
Prolonged treatment
needed .
Leakage possible even
with prolonged treat-
ment
Cannot be treated
biologically
Typical Chemical
Acetic acid
Benzoic acid
e-caprolactam
Chlorobenzene
Hexachloro-
benzene
VO
Source: Abrams, E. F., "Identification of Organic Compounds in Effluents from Industrial
Sources," Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PB
241 641, 1975.
-------
volatility, and adsorption to fine particulates (National Academy of
Science, 1975). All of these factors should be considered when ranking
chemicals as to their persistence in the atmosphere.
5.2 Industrial Classifications
5.2.1 Production Level and Release to the Environment
Ranking of industrial organic chemicals by production level
and/or by the rate at which they are released to the environment
would be useful in establishing priorities for selection of chemicals
for control or further investigation.
Production levels, production capacity, transport volumes, :>
imports, exports, net sales, and levels of consumption are all relevant
parameters that can be used for classifying organic chemicals.
The release rate is an interesting index recently developed by
the National^Science Foundation Workshop Panel to Select Organic
Compounds Hazardous to the Environment. The release rate, R, is
defined as follows:
]R = (P)L + (P + 1)D[
where P = overall annual U.S. production
I = annual quantity imported
L = fraction of the production which is lost at the plant site
during manufacturing, conversion, and formulation
D = fraction of the material which goes to nonintemediate
dispersive uses.
5-10
-------
Other parameters of interest are losses in transportation and
storage, the location of production facilities, and impurities and
contaminants of the product.
Data on production and production losses will often be difficult;
" ;-':. " j
to obtain because of the proprietary nature of industrial processes. .
5.2.2 Standard Industrial Classifications ;
Chemicals can be classified by the manufacturing industries
from which they are likely to be discharged. The Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system has been developed to promote compara-
bility of statistics describing various facets of the national economy.
The structure of the SIC classification system makes it possible to \
tabulate and analyze data on a 2-digi!t, 3-diglt, or 4-digit industry'
code basis, according to the level of industrial detail considered
appropriate (Office of Management and Budget, 1972).
SIC code numbers can be assigned to both producers and users of
industrial organic materials. An input-output matrix can be developed
showing the portions of a chemical from a specific source going to
each of several consumers.
Some organic chemicals which have already been classified by
industry in the SIC manual are shown in Table 5-3. Other chemicals
have also been assigned SIC codes and additional chemicals can be
classified by industry according to this scheme. Such a classification
scheme would indicate which industries to focus on when attempting
to reduce environmental levels of an industrial chemical pollutant.
-------
TABLE 5-3
MAJOR GROUP 28- CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
GROUP INDUSTRY
NO. NO.
286
2861
2865
INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Acetate of lime, natural
Acetone, natural
Annato extract
Brazilwood extract
Brewers' pitch, product of softwood distillation
Calcium acetate, product of hardwood distillation
Charcoal, except activated
Chestnut extract
Dragons' blood
Dyeing materials, natural
Dyestuffs, natural
Ethyl acetate, natural
Extracts, dyeing and tanning: natural
Fustic wood extract
Gambler extract
Gum naval stores, processing but not gathering or
warehousing
Hardwood distillates
Hemlock extract
Logwood extract
Mangrove extract
Methanol, natural (wood alcohol)
Methyl acetone
Methyl alcohol, natural (wood alcohol)
Myrobalans extract
Naval stores, bum: processing but not gathering or
warehousing
Naval stores, wood
Cyclic (Coal Tar) Crudes, and Cyclic Intermediates,
Dyes, and Organic Pigments (Lakes and Toners)
Acid dyes, synthetic
Acids, coal tar: derived from coal tar distillation
Alkylated diphenylamines, mixed
Alkylated phenol, mixed
5-12
-------
TABLE 5-3 (CONTINUED)
GROUP INDUSTRY
-NO. NO.
286 2865 (Continued)
Aminoanthraquinone
Aminoazobenzene
Aminoazotoluene
Aminophenol
Aniline
Aniline oil
Anthracene
Anthraquinone dyes
Azine dyes
Azo dyes
Azobenzene
Azoic dyes
Benzaldehyde
Benzene hexachloride (BHC)
Benzene, product of coal tar distillation
Benzoic acid
Benzol, product of coal tar distillation
Biological stains
Chemical indicators
Chlorobenzene
Chloronaphthalene
Chlorophenol
Chlorotoluene
Coal tar crudes, derived from coal tar distillation
Coal tar distillates
Coar tar intermediates
Color lakes and toners
Color pigments, organic: except animal black and
bone black
Colors, dry: lakes, toners, or full strength
organic colors
Colors, extended (color lakes)
Cosmetic dyes, synthetic
Creosote oil, product of coal tar distillation
Cresols, product of coal tar distillation
Cresylic acid, product of coal tar distillation
Cyclic crudes, coal tar: product of coal tar
distillation
Cyclic intermediates
5-13
-------
TABLE 5-3 (CONTINUED)
GROUP INDUSTRY
NO. NO.
286 2865 (Continued)
Cyclohexane
Diphenylamine
Drug dyes, synthetic
Dye (cyclic) intermediates
Dyes, food: synthetic
Dyes, synthetic organic
Eosine toners
Ethylbenzene
Hydroquinone
Isocyanates
Lake red C toners
Leather dyes and stains, synthetic
Lithol rubine lakes and toners
Maleic anhydride
Methyl violet toners
Naphtha, solvent: product of coal tar distillation
Naphthalene chips and flakes
Naphthalene, product of coal tar distillation
Naphthol, alpha and beta
Nitro dyes
Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
Nitrophenol
Nitroso dyes
Oil, aniline
Oils: light, medium, and heavy-product of coal tar
distillation
Organic pigments (lakes and toners)
Orthodichlorobenzene
Paint pigments, organic
Peacock blue lake
Pentachlorophenol
Persian orange lake
Phenol
Phloxine toners
Phosphomolybdic acid lakes and toners
Phosphotungstic acid lakes and toners
Phthalic anhydride
5-14
-------
TABLE 5-3 (CONTINUED)
GROUP INDUSTRY
NO. NO.
286 2865 (Concluded)
Phthalocyanine toners
Pigment scarlet lake
Pitch, product of coal tar distillation
Pulp colors, organic
Quinoline dyes
Resorcinol
Scarlet 2 R lake
2869 Industrial Organic Chemicals. Not Elsewhere
Classified
Accelerators, rubber processing: cyclic and
acyclic
Acetaldehyde
Acetates, except natural acetate of lime
Acetic acid, synthetic
Acetic anhydride
Acetin
Acetone, synthetic
Acid esters, amines, etc.
Acids, organic
Acrolein
Acrylonitrile
Adipic acid
Adipic acid esters
Adiponitrile
Alcohol, aromatic
Alcohol, fatty: powdered
Alcohol, methyl: synthetic (methanol)
Alcohols, industrial: denatured (non-beverage)
Algin products
Amyl acetate and alcohol
Antioxidants, rubber processing: cyclic and acylic
Bromo chlo romethane
Butadiene, from alcohol
Butyl acetate, alcohol, and propionate
Butyl ester solution of 2,4-D
Calcium oxalate
Camphor, synthetic
5-15
-------
TABLE 5-3 (CONTINUED)
GROUP INDUSTRY
NO. NO.
286 2869 (Continued)
Carbon bisulfide (disulfide)
Carbon tetrachloride
Casing fluids, for curing fruits, spices, tobacco,
etc.
Cellulose acetate, unplasticized
Chemical warfare gases
Chloral
Chlorinated solvents
Chloroacetic acid and metallic salts
Chloroform
Chloropicrin
Citral
Citrates
Citric acid
Citronellal
Coumarin
Cream of tartar
Cyclopropane
DDT, technical
Decahydronaphthalene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Diethylcyclohexane (mixed isomers)
Diethylene glycol ether
Dimethyl divinyl acetylene (di-isopropenyl
acetylene)
Dimethylhydrazine, unsymmetrical
Embalming fluids
287 . / AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
2873 Nitrogenous Fertilizers
Ammonia liquor
Ammonium nitrate and sulfate
Anhydrous ammonia
Aqua ammonia, made in ammonia plants
Fertilizers: natural (organic), except compost
Nitric acid
Nitrogen solutions (fertilizer)
5-16
-------
TABLE 5-3 (CONCLUDED)
GROUP INDUSTRY
NO. NO.
287 2873 (Continued)
Plant foods, mixed: made in plants producing
nitrogenous fertilizer
Urea
2874 Phosphatic Fertilizers
Ammonium phosphate
Calcium meta-phosphate
Defluorinated phosphate
Diammonium phosphate
Fertilizers, mixed: made in plants producing
phosphatic fertilizer materials
Phosphoric acid
Plant foods, mixed: made in plants producing
phosphatic fertilizer
Superphosphates, ammoniated and not ammoniated
Source: Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial
Classification Manual, GPO, 1972.
5-17
-------
5.2.3 Process Classifications
While the SIC codes provide a system of classifying organic
chemicals at the industrial level, they do little to describe the
organic chemical industry at the manufacturing plant level.
Industrial organic chemicals can be classified according to the
processes by which they are manufactured. Each commercial synthesis
process will be characterized by specific effluents and emissions
since quantities of byproducts and other chemicals associated with
the process are often discharged at the point of production.
The Stanford Research Institute "Chemical Economics Handbook"
used in conjunction with the "Directory of Chemical Products" pro-
vides a main source of process information. The Handbook briefly
explains all the manufacturing processes for a given product and
often gives a process breakdown.
A system for classifying chemicals by manufacturing method was
developed by Abrams,;1975. Those chemicals with several
methods of manufacture were listed under each appropriate category.
The categories they used are fshown in Table 5-4.
A process classification system has been developed by Catalytic,
Inc., 1975, to code organic chemicals by manufacturer, plant, and
I
manufacturing process. The code number would refer to the combination
of the chemical product and the process by which it was manufactured.
For example, one code number could be assigned to the production of ;
vinyl chloride by addition of hydrochloric acid to acetylene and a
5-18
-------
TABLE 5-4
CATEGORIZATION BY MANUFACTURING METHOD
Petroleum distillates
Constituents in Petroleum Refining and
Coal Processing Wastes
Phthalic Anhydride Reactions
Esterification of Acids
Recovered from Natural Materials
Oxidation of Alcohols
Oxidation of Other Compounds
Dehydrogenation or Dehydrohalogenation
Alkylation of Aromatics
Halogenation of Aromatics
Halogenation of Nonaromatics
Hydrogenations
Condensations
Miscellaneous
Source: Abrams, E. F., "Identification of Organic Compounds in the
Effluents from Industrial Sources," Office of Toxic Sub-
stances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PB241-641,
1975.
5-19
-------
second code number to production of vinyl chloride by cracking of
ethylene dichloride.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency investigated 55
product/process segments of the organic chemicals manufacturing
industry and developed water effluent limitations guidelines for 28
product/process segments (Catalytic, Inc., 1975). For these studies,
product/process groups were classified into four main subcategories
shown in Table 5-5.
Since specific organic chemical effluents will be found associa-
ted with production of a chemical product by a particular process,
any plant producing the chemical by that process could be monitored
for those effluents. If the effluents to the atmosphere have been
determined at one plant producing an organic chemical by a coded
process, results of that analysis can be applied to other plants
producing a chemical with the same product/process code. The product/
process code for every chemical produced at each plant can be compiled
and computerized allowing easy retrieval of information for control
purposes.
5.2.4 Source of Emissions
Stationary sources of pollutant emissions can be divided into
the broad general categories of "point sources" and "non-point
sources." Most industrial and municipal discharges would be classi-
fied as point sources. Natural and consumer related sources would
usually be classified as non-point sources.
5-20
-------
TABLE 5-5
MAJOR PROCESS CATEGORIES
Continuous nonaqueous processes
Continuous vapor phase processes
where contact process water is
used as diluent, quench, or vent
gas absorbent
Continuous aqueous liquid phase
reaction systems
Batch and semi-continuous
processes
Source: Abrams, E. F., "Identification of Organic Compounds in the
Effluents from Industrial Sources," Office of Toxic Sub-
stances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PB241-641,
1975.
5-21
-------
Abrams et^ al_., 1975, categorized industrial point sources dis-
charging organic chemicals to the environment by SIC codes. Chemicals
can then be assigned to the point source categories from which they
are likely to be emitted. A sample classification of organic chemicals
by SIC point source is shown in Table 5-6. This classification is
useful in identifying point sources which would be appropriate for
regulation and control of specific compounds.
Within an industrial plant, chemicals can be classified by the
specific point or type of emission. A sample list of point-of-
emission categories is shown in Table 5-7.
5.2.5 Raw Materials
Manufactured organic chemicals can be classified by tracing the
manufacturing process back to basic raw materials. A class derived
from the same raw material would tend to be accompanied by character-
istic effluents and emissions. Petrochemical manufacturing plants
might be monitored for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Plants
manufacturing chlorinated chemicals might be more likely than other
plants to have the characteristic toxic emissions shown in Table 5-8.
5.2.6 Use
Chemicals can be classified by ultimate use. Classification by
use provides information concerning the level of exposure, a major
factor in estimation of health risk. A greater exposure risk is
usually associated with dispersive uses than contained. Contained
uses are those in which the chemical is not systematically released
5-22
-------
TABLE 5-6
CATEGORIZATION BY PROBABLE MANUFACTURING SIC INDUSTRY POINT SOURCE
i
to
u>
EXTRACTION OF PINE GUM
SIC 0843
1-terpineol
borneol
camphor
isoborneol
limonene
methanol
o-cresol
guaiacol
BOTTLED AND CANNED SOFT DRINKS AND CARBONATED WATERS
SIC 2086
n-docosane
eicosane
n-tridecane
tetradecane
pentadecane
octadecane
hexadecane
BROAD WOVEN FABRIC MILLS, MAN-MADE FIBER AND SILK
SIC 2221
e-caprolactam
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
trichloToethylene
trichlorobenzene
tetrachloroethylene
propylbenzene
propylamine
propanol
methyl benzoate
dibutyl phthalate
cis-2-methyl-4-ethyl dioxoLane
trans-2-methy-4-ethyl dioxolane
dieldrin
triehlorobiphenyl
tet rachlorobipheny1
pentachlorobiphenyl
tridecane
ethylene dichloride
vinyl benzene
chloroform
-------
TABLE 5-6 (CONTINUED)
BROAD WOVEN FABRIC MILLS, MAN-MADE FIBER AND SILK
SIC 2221 (Continued) '
tetradecane acetophenone
2-hydroxyadiponitrile chlorobenzene
methylpropanal dichlorobenzene
borneol toluene
dichloroethyl ether ethyl benzene
bis-chlorolsopropyl ether naphthalene
diethyl phthalate dodecane
methyl naphthalene
SYNTHETIC RUBBER (VULCANIZABLE ELASTOMERS)
SIC 2822
to
vinyl benzene acetaldehyde
n-tridecane acetic acid
1,1,2-trichloroethane acetophenone
tetradecane acetylene dichloride
tetrachloroethylene benzene
tetrachloroethane benzothiazole
propylamine carbon disulfide
pentadecane carbon tetrachloride
octadecane hexachloro-1,3-butadiene
nitrobenzene n-docosane
2-methylpropanal eicosane
methyl chloride ethanol
isopropyl benzene hexachloroethane
hexadecane isophorone
pentachlorophenol methyl naphthalene
pentanol o-cresol
-------
TABLE 5-6 (CONTINUED)
Ul
I
to
Ul
PETROLEUM REFINING
SIC 2911
docosane
n-dodecane
eicosane
ethyl benzene
2-ethyl-n-hexane
hexadecane
indene
isodecane
l-isopropenyl-4-isopropylbenzene
isopropyl benzene (cumene)
methane
methyl napththalene
dimethyl pMienol
1-terpineol
pentane
propylbenzene
tetradecane
toluene
n-tridecane
undecane
xylene
bromobenzene
triphenyl phosphate
methyl phenyl carbinol
methyl biphenyl
di(2-ethyl hexyDphthalate
dioctyl phthalate
pentanol
LUBRICATING OILS AND GREASES
SIC 2992
llmonene
2-methyl propanal
trichloroblphenyl
tet rachlorob iphenyl
p entachlo robiphenyl
methyl stearate
naphthalene
methyl ethyl ketone
-------
TABLE 5-6 (CONCLUDED)
LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING
SIC 3111
propylamine
methylene chloride
2-methylpropanal
GYPSUM PRODUCTS
SIC 3275
acetone
methylene chloride
propanol
Ui
i
N5
Source: Abrams, E. F., "Identification of Organic Compounds in Effluents
from Industrial Sources," Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency PB 241 641, 1975.
-------
TABLE 5-7
CATEGORIES OF EMISSION PROM INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES
Fugitive emissions
Tank vent emissions
Pump emissions
Batch loading of reactor emissions
Duct emissions
Stack emissions
Incinerator emissions
Evaporation of volatile solvents
Spills and accidents
5-27
-------
TABLE 5-8
COMPOUNDS WHICH MAY BE FOBMED BY CHLORINATION
acetylene dichloride
bromobenzene
bromochlorobenzene
bromodichloromethane
bromoform
bromoform butanal
bromophenyl phenyl ether
butyl bromide
1,2-bis-chloroethoxy ethane
b-chloroethyl methyl ether
chloroform
chlorohydroxy benzophenone
bis-chlorolsopropyl ether
chloromethyl ether
chloromethyl ethyl ether
m-chloronltrobenzene
3-chloropyridine
dibromobenzene
dibromochlorome thane
dibromodichloroethane
1,4-dlchlorobenzene
dichlo ro d1f1uoroethane
1,2-dichloroethane
dichloroethyl ether
hexachloro-1,3-butadiene
hexachloroethane
methyl chloride
methylene chloride
octyl chloride
pentachlorobiphenyl
1,1,3,3-tetrachloroacetone
tetrachlorobiphenyl
tetrachloroethane
tetrachloroethylene
trichlorobenzene
trichlorobiphenyl
1,1,2-trichloroethane
1,1,2-trichloroethylene
trichlorofluoromethane
2,4,6-triehlorophenol
Source: Abrams, E. F., "Identification of Organic Compounds
in Effluents from Industrial Sources," Office of Toxic
Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency PB
241 641, 1975.
5-28
-------
to the environment as a direct result of use (e.g., PCBs in trans-
formers). In dispersive uses, chemicals are released to the environ-
ment as a direct consequence of use (e.g., pesticides, aerosols,
and solvents). The size of the population at risk is usually
greater for consumer uses than for commercial or industrial uses.
The use (e.g., food additive, pesticide, drug) would often determine
which Federal agency has regulatory responsibility for that chemical.
5.2.7 Disposal
For many chemicals, especially those with nondispersive uses,
disposal is the main route of entry into the environment.
Classification of these chemicals by means of disposal will provide
information concerning the compartments of the environment in which
they are most likely to be found. The chemical nature of materials
can often be altered during disposal. Incineration of halogenated
and nitrogenated compounds will result in emissions of the corres-
ponding halogen acids and oxides of nitrogen (National Academy of
Sciences, 1975). Open-burning can lead to emission of the products
of partial combustion. Effluents and sludge from sewage treatment
plants as well as drainage from dumps or landfills, can contaminate
ground and surface water.
5.3 Biological Classification
5.3.1 Population at Risk
Toxic chemicals can be classified by size or type of population
exposed. Typical categories for type of population exposed are listea
5-29
-------
in Table 5-9. Population groups can be further classified according
to whether their exposure is voluntary or involuntary.
Priority considerations should be given to chemicals to which
there is extensive involuntary public exposure or to which susceptible
segments of the population are exposed. Some ranking schemes consider
certain segments of the population more "valuable" than others (e.g.,
the young more valuable than the old) (National Academy of Sciences,
1975). This approach is highly subjective and ethically questionable.
5.3.2 Target Organ
Toxic chemicals can be classified by the organ or system which
they attack. A possible classification scheme of this type is shown
in Table 5-10.
5.3.3 Route of Exposure
Chemicals can be classified by the most likely route of human
exposure: inhalation, oral, or dermal. The categories give an indi-
cation of potential health hazard from environmental exposure. Toxic
substances to which people are exposed by inhalation would often be
the most difficult to avoid.
5.3.4 Structure-Activity Correlations
Relationships between molecular structure and biological activity
of chemical substances can provide an indication of a potential for
hazardous effects. Although predictions cannot currently be based
solely on structure-activity correlations, some decisions can be made
on the basis of analogies with other known chemicals. These
5-30
-------
TABLE 5-9
CLASSIFICATION BY POPULATION AT RISK
General human population
Regional
Neighborhood
Industrial vicinity
Occupational groups
Highly susceptible groups
5-31
-------
TABLE 5-10
CHEMICALS CLASSIFIED BY BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM ON WHICH THEY ACT
Central Nervous System
Synaptic and Neuroeffecter Junctional Sites
Cardiovascular System
Blood and Blood-forming Organs
Immunological System
Renal System and Electrolyte Balance
Hormone Balance
Hepatic Function
Microsomal Enzymes and Biological Oxidation
Reaction with DNA
5-32
-------
correlations can be useful in selection of chemicals for testing and
for determining the sequence of testing.
Structure-activity relationships are reasonably well understood
for certain chemical series and certain toxic effects (e.g., polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons and carcinogenicity) (Valkenburg, 1972). Some
other types of biological activity for which structure-activity rela-
tions have been developed are central nervous system activity, en-
hancement or inhibition of enzymatic activity, cytotoxicity,
hallucinogenesis, and mutagenicity (Valkenburg, 1972).
One method often used for defining structure-activity relation-
ships is the Hansch multiple parameter method. In a homologous
series of biologically active compounds, the biological activity of
a reference compound is considered a constant. The Hansch equation
defines increments in biological activity (of a homolog relative to
the reference compound) as a function of increments in electronic
components, hydrophobic components, and steric components of the
molecule:
ABA = f(AE,£H,AS)
where AH = the hydrophobic substituent constant derived from octanol-
water partition coefficient
AE = the Hammet constant for polar factors
AS = the steric constant
ABA = magnitude of the biological effect
5-33
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Computer storage and retrieval methods are useful in developing
structure-activity correlations. Wiswesser Line Notation can be
used for computerizing organic chemical structures.
5.3.5 Acute Toxicity Dosage
The biological effect of a chemical depends on the quantity with
which the organism must deal. Chemicals having adverse effects at
low dosage would be considered more toxic than chemicals having
similar effects only at much higher dose levels. It is difficult to
perform this ranking at low effect levels. The effects of low
dosages are often subtle. Direct experimental estimation of the
level affecting one percent of the population may require several
hundred animals to obtain adequate statistical precision. For these
reasons, lethal dosage levels are usually used in ranking chemicals
for acute toxicity.
A common parameter of acute toxicity is the LDn, the dose of a
substance at which half the test animals would die. To be comparable,
results should be based on animals of the same species or strain, sex,
and age. The same route of administration should be used.
Other commonly used parameters of acute toxicity based on lethal
doses are:
LC,-0 - the concentration which is lethal to half the test popu-
lation. The duration of exposure should be specified.
LC..Q is usually used for concentration in air, but can
also be used for concentration in the ambient water to
which aquatic organisms are exposed.
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LDy - the lowest reported lethal dose
LCL - the lowest reported lethal concentration
Available data based on these parameters for 16,500 different
chemicals is summarized in the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical
Substances published by NIOSH.
5.3.6 Cancer Risk
It would be useful to categorize chemicals as highly carcinogenic,
moderately carcinogenic, weakly carcinogenic, co-carcinogenic, tumor-
igenic, or having no neoplastic effects. There is usually not enough
information available, however, to do thl'sV, Dose-response curves are
rarely determined for carcinogens. Negative results in carcinogenicity
tests are often not accepted as proof of nonoarcinogenicity. Com-
parisons between strength of carcinogenicity have been made on the
basis of percentage of a test population developing malignant tumors,
lowest dosage causing malignancy, or lag time between administration
of chemical and observation of tumors.
Chemicals are sometimes classified with respect to certainty of
their carcinogenicity (e.g., known carcinogen or suspected carcino-
gen). EPA has recently attempted to order the NIOSH suspected
carcinogens list according to the relative degree of concern that
might be warranted regarding possible human carcinogenic potential.
A four-digit code was used. The first digit represented the species
in which carcinogenic response was reported. The second^ digit
designated the number of different species for which a carcinogenic
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response was reported. The third digit was assigned on the basis of
route of administration. The last digit was a count of the number
of different species/route combinations (Letkiewicz, 1976).
The most complete source of data and references related to
chemical carcinogenesis is the National Cancer Institute "Survey of
Compounds Which Have Been Tested for Carcinogenic Activity." A
master index of the series is maintained on tape at National Cancer
Institute headquarters.
Evaluations of carcinogenic risk are made by the International
Agency for Research on Cancer under the auspices of the World Health
Organization. They do not use a formal ranking system.
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6.0 PROPOSED FOLLOW-ON PROJECTS
Prioritization of organic chemicals according to their relative
potential for adversely affecting the environment may be accomplished
through a careful and critical analysis of appropriate data. The
results presented herein represent a preliminary effort at applying
such an approach to synthetic organic chemicals released to the atmo-
sphere from production facilities. Much additional labor is, however,
necessary in order to maximize both the validity and usefulness of
this work. The recommended additions to the pcesent endeavor as well
as other significant and worthwhile projects arising as logical
extensions to this effort are presented below.
6.1 Acquisition of Additional Information
Although all available secondary sources of production and
toxicity data have been exhausted, other means of procuring this data
may be available for selected compounds. An in-depth search of the
primary research literature may, for instance, reveal studies on the
acute and/or chronic toxicity of many compounds which have not to
date been included in review articles or toxicological anthologies.
Information on compounds just recently tested for carcinogenicity,
mutagenicity and teratogenicity can only be found through an inten-
sive review of current journal articles. When evidence indicates
that a compound may be of particular concern as an atmospheric pol-
lutant, a serious effort may be undertaken to circumvent the pro-
prietary status of production statistics and obtain the data necessary
to complete the scoring for that compound. In addition, information
6-1
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concerning the number of companies producing a particular chemical
and their locations would help to modify the production-release
parameter in such a way as to allow the determination of the release-
rate at a given site. This type of modification would provide a
more accurate means of assessing the health and environmental effects
of production site emissions than does production level alone. Any
facilities at production plant sitesv/which limit or control the level
of pollutant emissions should also be noted and the production-release
score modified accordingly.
The validity of the ranking system could be maximized by the
incorporation of additional parameters into the formula for determining
a final score. An extremely important variable, for example, is the
tendency or lack thereof of a compound to persist in the atmosphere.
Measures of this tendency include the rate and extent of biodegrada-
tion, photodegradation and any other chemical reactions likely to
occur following release to the atmosphere. Since interest in studies
relating to atmospheric persistance is only of fairly recent origin,
fex«r review articles exist and most information must be obtained from
primary sources. Where information is available on biodegradation
and photoreactivity, the byproducts of these reactions should also be
considered to determine their health and environmental effects.
A second important variable is the degree to which a compound
adsorbs to various types of particulate matter. This variable is of
particular importance for compounds which are nonsubliming solids
6-2
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under ordinary conditions and are thus not likely to be emitted from
production facilities in the vapor phase. Many pesticides fall into
this category and studies of adsorbtive tendency are not uncommon for
this class of compounds.
6.2 Periodic Updating of Dossiers
Procedures should be established for periodically updating
the dossiers as additional production information and the results of
toxicological and chemical studies become available. For example, a
large number of compounds are currently being screened for carcino-
genic or mutagenic activity and definitive results may not be available
for quite some time. Many of these compounds have received scores
indicative of the fact that they are "under test." However, these
scores are substantially lower than the scores these same compounds
would recieve should test results prove positive. The scoring must
continuously undergo revision and modification if the validity of the
position of any given compound in the prioritization hierarchy is to
be maintained.
6.3, Inclusion of Additional Compounds
More compounds may also be added to the study to increase its
scope. Those compounds which are highly toxic but which are produced
in quantities of less than 1 million pounds per year could be scored.
In general, the initial choice of compounds was limited to those with
production rates of over a million pounds per year. Compounds derived
from fuels and petrochemicals and compounds derived from natural
sources could be added. For the most part, organometallics have also
6-3
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been excluded from the initial effort. Finally, any compound known
or suspected to be a contaminant of a commercial-grade or impure
preparation of any of the compounds considered in this study should
be thoroughly investigated using the same criteria as were used for
the parent compound.
6.4 Data Analysis and Evaluation
Once these data have been amassed, they are only useful if
analytical procedures are applied to determine the importance of each
piece of information, to '.determine the relationships among the various
data and to derive a final prioritization scheme. Without this
statistical analysis, the lists of data are only minimally useful
and their sheer volume becomes a hindrance.
Many possibilities exist for evaluation of the chemicals with
respect to their potential health and environmental effects. In
order to facilitate data manipulation, it will be necessary to
computerize the data. As a part of this computerization, a cross
index of synonyms could be easily prepared. This would prevent
duplication and increase the usefulness of the data. Following this
initial effort, analyses of the data using statistical methods should
be performed. Possibilities include the development of discriminant
functions related to factor analysis using toxicity as the independent
variable.. This would show the degree of correlation of the variables
used and indicate which could be ignored in future efforts. Various
6-4
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weighting schemes for the dependent variables should be stochastically
determined, applied, and tested. It may additionally be possible to
apply a Hansch approach to the correlations existent in these data.
From these analyses, it should be possible to develop a more sophis-
ticated ranking scheme for evaluating the present data and any future
organic compounds requiring ranking.
6.5 Accessibility of Data Files
Once these data have been collected, the results will represent
a substantial library of information. Plans should be initiated so
that these data could be rapidly accessed in response to queries from
EPA on a given chemical or chemical class.
6.6 Structure-Function Analyses
Since those reactions which effect atmospheric persistence are
gaining increasing importance as measures of pollution potential, a
study of how the structures and properties of compounds relate to
their reactions in the atmosphere would be extremely useful. Follow-
ing this analysis, it would then be possible to define existing data
gaps and suggest areas where laboratory research should be performed.
This type of analysis has, to date, been attempted only for a few
common chemicals. The expansion of this body of knowledge would be
useful not only in evaluating the pollution resulting from organic
chemical production but also that from dispersive uses. Another area
where future research is needed concerns the relationship of structure
and activity of organic compounds to various observed health effects.
6-5
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Such a series of relationships would be very useful tools for
predicting the probability of adverse environmental consequences
following release of a compound whose health effects have not been
fully characterized. For example, it may be possible to deduce
the biological effect of the addition of a chlorine atom or a nitro
group to an existing structure, by modeling its effect in other
similar configurations. Predictions such as these would be
especially useful in light of the number of new organic compounds
being produced each year which are impossible to test fully prior
to marketing.
6-6
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7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abrams, E. F. , "Identification of Organic Compounds in Effluents
from Industrial Sources," Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency PB 241 641, 1975.
Anderson, E. V., "Output of the Top 50 Chemicals Drops Sharply,"
Chemical and Engineering News, May 3, 1976, pp. 34-37.
Anonymous, "Hot for Growth but CPI Keeps Its Cool," Chemical Week,
May 12, 1976.
Association of Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., Topeka, Kansas,
Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium, 1966.
Catalytic, Inc. , "Capabilities and Costs of Technology for the Organics
Chemicals Industry to Achieve the Effluent Limitations of P.L. 92-500,"
National Commission on Water Quality, 1975.
Chemical Forecasts by Computer, Hall and Co. (Industrial Consultants),
New York, 1969.
Christensen, H. E., and T. T. Luginbyhl, eds. , Registry of Toxic
Effects of Chemical Substances, U.S. Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Rockville, Maryland, June 1975.
Dreisbach, R. R. , Physical Properties of Chemical Compounds, American
Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1955.
, W. D. , "High Volume Industrial Organic Chemical Study (HVIOC)
| Final Report," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
\ Park, North Carolina, April 1976.
Facts and Figures of the Plastics Industry, The Society of the Plastics
Industry, Inc., New York, 1974.
Flinn, J. E. , T. J. Thomas, and M. D. Bishop, "Literature Search and
State-of-the-Art Study of Identification Systems for Selecting
Chemicals or Chemical Classes as Candidates for Evaluation," EPA-
56011-74-001, 1974.
Freor, D. E. H., ed. , Pesticide Index 1965, College Science Publishers,
State College, Pennsylvania, 1965.
Gruber, G. I., Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Practices,
Organic Chemicals, Pesticides and Explosives Industries, TRW Systems
Group, NTIS-PB-251, 307, 1975.
7-1
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Hollaender, A., ed., Chemical Mutagens; Principles and Methods for
Their Detection. Vol. 1,2, Plenum Press, New York, 1971.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Monographs on the
Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, VoIs. 1, 2, 4,
5, 7, World Health Organization, Lyons, France, 1972-1975.
International Technical Information Institute, Toxic and Hazardous
Industrial Chemicals Safety Manual, Tokyo, Japan, 1975.
Johnson, 0., "CW Pesticides Report, Part I," Chemical Week, McGraw-
Hill, New York, June 21, 1972.
Johnson, 0., "CW Pesticides Report, Part II," Chemical Week, McGraw-
Hill, New York, July 26, 1972.
Leo, A., C. Hansch, and D. Elkin, 1971. "Partition Coefficient and
Their Uses." Chemical Reviews 71(6): 555-616.
Letkiewicz, F. J., An Ordering of the NIOSH Suspected Carcinogens
List, EPA-56011-76-003, 1976.
Morrison, R. T., and R. N. Boyd, Organic Chemistry, Allyn Bacon, Inc.,
Boston, Massachusetts, 1965.
National Academy of Sciences, "Principles for Evaluating Chemicals
in the Environment," 1975.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Priority List for
Criteria Development for Toxic Substances and Physical Agents,"
August 1974.
Nelson, N., B. Van Duuren, B. Goldschmidt, J. Johnson, R. Moolenaar,
A. Fritsch, R. Ouellette, W. Fulkerson, F. Fisher, E. Weisburger,
W. Piver, and C. B. Shaffer, raw data sheets on 289 chemicals,
prepared by Stanford Research Institute for NSF Workshop Panel to
Select Organic Compounds Hazardous to the Environment, 1975.
Nelson, N., B. Van Duuren, B. Goldschmidt, J. Johnson, R. Moolenaar,
A. Fritsch, R. Ouellette, W. Fulkerson, F. Fisher, E. Weisburger,
W. Piver, and C. B. Shaffer, "Final Report of NSF Workshop
Panel to Select Organic Compounds Hazardous to the Environment,"
June 24, 1975.
Noble, P., ed., The Kline Guide to the Chemical Industry (2nd edition),
Charles H. Kline & Co., Inc., New Jersey, 1974.
Office of Management and Budget, Standard Industrial Classification
Manual, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972.
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Perry, J. H., ed., Chemical Engineer's Handbook. 3rd ed., McGraw--
Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1950, pp. 153-166.
The Pesticide Review, USDA Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation
Service, Washington, D.C., 1975.
Russell, K., ed., Directory of Chemical Producers-USA, Stanford
Research Intitute's Chemical Industries Center, Menlo Park, Cali-
fornia, 1976.
Sax, N. I., Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 4th
ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1975.
Spencer, E. Y., Guide to Chemicals Used in Crop Protection, Research
Institute, University of Western Ontario, Toronto, Canada, 1968.
Standard and Poor's, Industry Surveys, Chemicals - Basic Analysis,
Section 2, December 12, 1974.
Stull, D. R., "Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances Organic Compounds,"
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 39, 1947,. pp. 517-540.
Terry, H., and S. Nagy, System Analysis of Air Pollutant Emissions from
the Chemical/Plastics Industry, EPA-650/2-74-106, PB 239 880, 1974.
Train, R. E., A. W. Breidenback, A. Cyain, and J. W. Nardella,
"Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations and
New Source Performance Standards for the Significant Organic Products
Segment of the Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category,"
EPA-44011-75-1045, 1975.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Chemicals Division, Chemicals, Vol. 17
(1-4), Vol. 18 (1-4), 1970 and 1971.
U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Survey of Compounds
Which Have Been Tested for Carcinogenic Activity, Public Health
Service Publication 149, 1971.
U.S. EPA, Chemical Technology and Economics in Environmental Perspec-
tives, Office of Toxic Substances, EPA 560/1-76-002, 1976.
U.S. EPA, The Manufacture and Use of Selected Arvl and Alkvl Arvl
Phosphate Esters. EPA 560/6-76-008, 1976.
U.S. EPA, Vapor-Phase Organic Pollutants - Volatile Hydrocarbons and
Oxidation Products. Health Effects Research Laboratory, EPA-600/1-75-
005, PB 249 357, 1975.
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U.S. Tariff Commission, Synthetic Organic Chemicals U.S. Production
and Sales, U.S. Tariff Commission Report No. 205, Washington, D.C. ,
1973.
Valkenburg, W. V., "Biological Correlations - The Hansch Approach,"
Advances in Chemistry Series 114, American Chemical Society, 1972.
VonRUmker, R., E. Lawless, and A. F. Meiners, Production, Distribu-
tion, Use and Environmental Impact of Selected Pesticides, Midwest
Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, NTIS-PB-238 795, March
1974.
Weast, R. C., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 52nd ed., Chemical
Rubber Company, Cleveland, Ohio, 1971.
Winell, M., "An International Comparison of Hygienic Standards for
Chemicals in the Work Environment," Ambio 4(1). pp. 34-36, 1975.
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-450/3-77-008a
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI»NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
"Preliminary Scoring
of Organic Air Pollutants"
5. REPORT DATE
October 1976
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
B. Fuller, J. Hushon, M. Kornreich, R. Ouellette,
L. Thomas, P. Walker
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
The Mitre Corporation
Metrek Division
Westgate Research Park
McLean, Virginia 22101
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1495
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Strategies and Air Standards Division
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This report presents a scheme for evaluating the relative hazard to humans
resulting from air emissions of synthetic organic chemicals. Data on production,
fraction lost during production, volatility, and toxicity have been compiled
for 637 organic chemicals. Numerical scores were then assigned based on
these data.
Four appendices were published with this report. The appendices are
dossiers containing chemistry, production, and toxicity data for the 637
synthetic organic chemicals.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. CO8ATI Field/Group
organic air pollutants
organic chemical toxicity
ranking of organic air pollutants
chemistry data for organic chemicals
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
112
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
unclassified
22. PRICB
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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