\ I /
(EPA-450/3-77-034
November 1977.
TRANSPARENCY MASTERS
INSTRUCTOR'S GUIDE
FOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS
CONTROL
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
-------
EPA-450/3-77-034
TRANSPARENCY MASTERS
FOR USE WITH INSTRUCTOR'S GUIDE
FOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS CONTROL
B.D. Hayes, Project Director
M.T. Maness, Associate Project Director
R.A. Ragazzi, Principal Investigator
Department of Industrial Sciences
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
EPA Grant No. T900621-01-0
EPA Project Officer: Bruce Hogarth
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Waste Management
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Control Programs Development Division
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
November 1977
-------
Copies of this publication are available free of charge to Federal employees,
current contractors and grantees, and nonprofit organizations - as supplies
permit - from the Library Services Office (MD-35), Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; or, for a fee, from
the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,
Virginia 22161.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by the
Department of Industrial Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
Colorado, 80523, through Grant No. T900621-01-0. The contents of this report
are reproduced herein as received from Colorado State University. The opinions,
findings, and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and not necessari-
ly those of the Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of company or
product names is not to be considered as an endorsement by the Environmental
Protection Agency.
Publication No. EPA-450/3-77-034
11
-------
CHOPPER
SAMPLE
IN
SAMPLE
CELL
SAMPLE _
OUT
DETECTOR
IR SOURCES
SEALED
REFERENCE
CELL
- SIGNAL TO PREAMP
INFRARED EXHAUST GAS ANALYZER
1
UNIT 2-Fig. 1
-------
HYDROCARBONS
PPM.
CARBON MONOXIDE
PERCENT
TYPICAL INFRARED EXHAUST
GAS ANALYZER METERS
-------
r
CO
%
A B
FACTORY 1/4 TURN
SPECS RICH
C D
1/2 TURN 3/4 TURN
RICH RICH
UNIT 3- Fig. 1
-------
HC
PPM
FACTORY 1/4 TURN
SPECS RICH
1/2 TURN 3/4 TURN
RICH RICH
UNIT 3-Fig. 2
-------
300-
HC
PPM
50-
FACTORY +5° TIMING
SPECS ADVANCE
+10° TIMING +15° TIMING
ADVANCE ADVANCE
UNIT 3- Fig. 3
-------
r
PCV VALVE
HOSE
SEALED
OIL DIP
STICK
TYPE IV SYSTEM
(CLOSED SYSTEM)
FRESH AIR
AIR INTAKE
HOSE
SEALED
OIL
FILLER
CAP
BLOW-BY GASES
PCV. F1-. 1
-------
3.
PCV VALVE
HOSE
SEALED
OIL DIP
STICK
TYPE IV SYSTEM
(CLOSED SYSTEM)
FRESH AIR
HOSE
SEALED
OIL
FILLER
CAP
BLOW-BY GASES
PCV. Fig. 2
-------
PCV VALVE
HOSE
00
SEALED
OIL DIP
STICK
TYPE IV SYSTEM
(CLOSED SYSTEM)
FRESH AIR
HOSE
SEALED
OIL
FILLER
CAP
BLOW-BY GASES
PCV. Fig. 3
-------
ENGINE OFF OR BACKFIRE
VALVE BODY
SPRING
vo
GROOVES
PLUNGER
OR VALVE
(BACK POSITION)
PCV. Fig. 4
-------
IDLING OR LOW SPEED
SPRING
PLUNGER
OR VALVE
VALVE BODY
GROOVES
(FORWARD POSITION)
PCV. Fig. 5
-------
HIGHER SPEED
(MIDDLE POSITION)
SPRING
PLUNGER
OR VALVE
VALVE
BODY
GROOVES
J
PCV. Fir. 6
-------
VALVE STUCK OPEN
BODY-
N>
0
MANIFOLD
VACUUM
PLUNGER
J\/7
HOSE
EXCESSIVE AIR FLOW AT IDLE
PCV. Fig. 7
-------
VALVE STUCK CLOSED
SLUDGE &
OIL DEPOSITS
GROOVES
SPRING
PLUNGER
PCV. Fig. 8
-------
PCV
OIL FILLER
HOLE
PCV. Fig. 9
-------
PCV
INCLINED RAMP
a BALL TESTER
PLACE OVER
OIL INLET
PCV. Fin. 10
------- CORRECT ADAPTER BE SURE TESTER IS VERTICAL
-------
PCV VALUE CHECK
PCV. Fig. 12
-------
THERMOSTATIC TYPE
SPRING
AIR FILTER
00
THERMOSTAT
oo
00
00
00
00
00
00
oo
oo
TAC Fin. 1
-------
VACUUM MOTOR TYPE
VACUUM MOTOR
\o
COLD AIR
TO EXHAUST
MANIFOLD
SHROUD
VACUUM HOSE
TEMP SENSO
JI
HOT
AIR
AIR
CLEANER
TAG. Fig. 2
-------
DAMPER ASSEMBLY
HOT AIR
PIPE
COLD
AIR ENTERS
____
HEAT
SHROUD
EXHAUST MANIFOLD
I .
I
AIR HEATED BY MANIFOLD
TAG REDUCES HC B CO
TAG. Fig. 3
-------
N>
THERMOSTATIC TYPE
DAMPER ASSEMBLY
SPRING
oo
oo
oo
oo
00
00
oo
oo
nn
THERMOSTAT
HOT AIR PIPE
TAG. Fig. 4
-------
VACUUM MOTOR
VACUUM HOSE
VACUUM MOTOR
10
N>
TO EXHAUST
MANIFOLD
SHROUD
TEMP SENSOtf
Jl JL
DAMPER ASSEMBLY
TAG. Fig. 5
-------
ro
HOT AIR MODE
SPRING
\
COLD AIR
HEATED AIR
AIR FILTER
THERMOSTAT
TO EXHAUST
MANIFOLD SHROUD
TAC. Fig. 6
-------
REGULATING MODE
COLD
AIR
IV)
HOT AIR
TAG. Fig. 7
-------
COLD AIR MODE
to
TAG. Fig. 8
-------
INCOMING AIR BELOW SPECIFIED
TEMPERATURE (APPROX. 100°)
COLD AIR
NJ
ON
t
HOT AIR
TAG. Fig. 9
-------
REGULATING MODE
COLD
AIR
oo
00
oo
oo
r>r>
HOT AIR
TAG. Fig. 10
-------
COLD AIR MODE
10
00
TAG. Fig. ]1
-------
HEAT DOOR IN PARTIAL HEAT-OFF
POSITION UNDER COLD ACCELERATION
COLD AIR
ro
VACUUM
MOTOR
HOT AIR
OVERRIDE
TO MANIFOLD
VACUUM
TAG. Fig. 12
-------
VACUUM
MOTOR TYPE AIR CLEANER
DIAPHRAGM SPRING
VACUUM MOTOR
DIAPHRAGM
\
DAMPER
ASSEMBLY
TO EXHAUST
MANIFOLD
SHROUD
o
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
\
\
TO
MANIFOLD V
TAG. Fig. 13
-------
AIR BLEED
VALVE
CLOSED
TEMPERATURE
SENSING
SPRING
FULL
VACUUM
SIGNAL TO
VACUUM MOTOR
TO MANIFOLD
VACUUM
TAG. Fig. 14
-------
HOT AIR DELIVERY MODE
DIAPHRAGM SPRING
VACUUM MOTOR
DIAPHRAGM \
CO
ro
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
TAG. Fig. 15
-------
AIR BLEED
OPEN
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
SPRING
LOW
OR NO
VACUUM
SIGNAL
TO
VACUUM
MOTOR
TO MANIFOLD
VACUUM
TAG. Fig. 16
-------
REGULATING MODE
DIAPHRAGM SPRING
VACUUM MOTOR
Dl APH RAGM\
COLD
AIR
HEATEQ
AIR \
o
o
AIR FILTER
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
TAG. Fig. 17
-------
CO
(Jl
AIR BLEED
OPEN
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
SPRING
LOW
OR NO
VACUUM
SIGNAL
TO
VACUUM
MOTOR
TO MANIFOLD
VACUUM
TAG. Fig.
-------
COLD AIR DELIVERY MODE
DIAPHRAGM SPRING
VACUUM MOTOR
DIAPHRAGM \
HEATED
AIR
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
o
oo
FILTER
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
BLEEDING
AIR
3"-8"Hg
TAG. Fig. 19
-------
LOW VACUUM CONDITION
VACUUM MOTOR
DIAPHRAGM
to
DIAPHRAGM SPRING
oo
COLD
AIR
HEATED
AIR
2"-
AIR FILTER
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
TAG. Fin. 20
-------
HOT AIR DELIVERY MODE
DIAPHRAGM SPRING
VACUUM MOTOR
DIAPH RAGM \
CO
00
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
VACUUM
DELAY
VALVE
HEATED AIR
TAG. Fig. 21
-------
CO
VO
TO MANIFOLD VACUUM
OPENING
TO
EXHAUST
HEAT
SHROUD
HOT IDLE
COMPENSATOR
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
TAG. Fig. 22
-------
THERMOSTATIC AIR CLEANER
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
TAC. Fiy. 23
-------
VACUUM MOTOR AIR CLEANER
VACUUM MOTOR
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
DAMPER
ASSEMBLY
TO
MANIFOLD
TAG. Fiy. 24
-------
PUMP
DIVERTER
VALVE
MANIFOLD VACUUM
SIGNAL LINE
CHECK
VALVE
MANIFOLD
AI.'I. Fin. 1
------- AIR. Fig. 2
-------
r
AIR. Fig. 3
-------
C/i
VENT
HIGH
INTAKE
MANIFOLD
VACUUM
SIGNAL
AIR
FLOW
SEATED
AIR. Fig. 4
-------
5PSI
VENT
5PSI
AIR
FLOW
AIR. Fig. 5
-------
^
=D INTAKE
I MANIFOLD
10 VACUUM
AIR SWITCHING VALVE
AIR. Fig. 6
-------
00
CHECK VALVE
AIR. Fig. 7
-------
\0
AIR. Fig. 8
-------
Oi
o
DISTRIBUTION
MANIFOLD
CHECK
VALVE
AIR
PUMP
SIGNAL LINE
TO
INTAKE
MANIFOLD^
GULP VALVE
AIR DISCHARGE
TO
INTAKE MANIFOLD
J
AIR. Fig. 9
------- AIR. Fig. 10
-------
AIR INLET
FILTER
Oi
N>
AIR. Fig. 11
-------
MANIFOLD VACUUM
SIGNAL LINE
PUMP
01
VISUALLY INSPECT
ALL HOSES
AIR. Fig. 12
------- AIR. Fig. 13 ------- AIR. Fig. 14
-------
CAUTION:
CHECK VALVE
AND
EXHAUST GASES
ARE HOT!
AIR. Fig. 75
-------
f
nrrn
UUIJ
AIR. Fig. 16
-------
Ui
00
AIR TO
INTAKE MANIFOLD
AIR FROM PUMP
AIR. Fir. 17
-------
VAPOR SAVER SYSTEM
PURGE
LINE
VENT
LINE
FUEL TANK
VENT LINE
PRESSURE
VACUUM
SAFETY
FILLER CAP
Ui
VO
CHARCOAL
CANISTER
OVERFILL
LIMITING
VALVE
LIQUID
VAPOR
SEPARATOR
FEC. Fig. 1
-------
AIR SPACE PROVIDED FOR
FUEL EXPANSION
10-12% OF TANK VOLUME
FILLER
NECK
FUEL
TANK
FUEL
FEC. Fin. 2
-------
PRESSURE-VACUUM RELIEF CAP
TANK PRESSURE 1/2 - I PSI
SEALING
GASKET
OUTER SHELL
PRESSURE
SPRING
PRESSURE
RELIEF
LOCKING
LIP
VALVE (OPEN) VACUUM RELIEF
u vu ' VALVE (CLOSED) VACUUM SPRING
FEC. Fig. 3
-------
CAP RELIEVING TANK VACUUM
VACUUM 1/4"-1/2" HG
SEALING
GASKET
PRESSURE
SPRING
OUTER SHELL
ro
PRESSURE
RELIEF
VALVE
(CLOSED)
LOCKING
LIP
VACUUM RELIEF
VALVE (OPEN)
VACUUM
SPRING
FPC. PTQ. 4
-------
HORIZONTAL MOUNTED LIQUID
VAPOR SEPARATOR
1
TO CHARCOAL
CANISTER
MOUNTING
HOLE
ON
GJ
LIQUID
RETURN
VAPOR
VENT
fc_ll^h»
k^
^^^•••r
«M^
^ • ^^ • » •
^ LINES
^^
FEC. Fig. 5
-------
BUILT-IN SEPARATOR
RESTRICTOR
ORIFICE
VAPORS OUT
FUEL VAPOR
FUEL TANK
FEC. Fig. 6
-------
Ol
CHARCOAL CANISTER
HOSE TO
CARBURETOR
OR
AIR CLEANER
CHARCOAL
GRANULES
HOSE TO
FUEL TANK
VENT
CANISTER
CASE
^FIBERGLAS
FILTER
OUTSIDE AIR
FEC. Fig. 7
-------
r
t
i 11
AIR
CLEANER
TANK
CARBON
CANISTER
FEC. Fig. 8
-------
CARBURETOR
BOWL VENT
DEMAND
PURGE SYSTEM
PORTED
VACUUM
FROM
FUEL
TANK
RESTRICTED
ORIFICE
FEC. Fig. 9
-------
CO
1
CARBURETOR
BOWL VENT
PORTED
VACUUM
\
RESTRICTED
ORIFICES
PURGE VALVE
PCV HOSE
CONSTANT a DEMAND
PURGE SYSTEM
FROM
FUEL
TANK
FEC. Fig. 70
-------
CARBURETOR
TO CANISTER
ON
\O
TO CARB.
LIN
CAPPED
KAGE
VENT
VAPOR
FUEL
X
o
\
THROTTLE
CLOSED
FEC. Fig. 11
-------
TO CANISTER
TO CARBURETOR
LINKAGE
CLOSED ANTI
PERC VALVE
CARBURETOR
BOWL
THROTTLE
OPEN
FEC. Fig. 12
-------
BOTTOM OF CANISTER
FIBERGLAS
FILTER
FEC. Fig. 13
-------
N9
CARBURETOR
AIR a FUEL
TO VACUUM SOURCE
EGR VALVE
I
FROM EXH. SYSTEM "-TO INTAKE MANIFOLD
EGR. Fig. 1
-------
COOLANT
TEMPERATURE
OVERRIDE
SWITCH
E6R. Fig. 2
-------
EXHAUST BACK-PRESSURE
SENSOR (TRANSDUCER)
EGi?. Fig. .3
-------
C TO INTAKE MANIFOLD^>
TO FGR VALVE
C >ROM VENTURI VACUUM SIGNAL^>
VACUUM AMPLIFIER
EGR. Fig. 4
-------
PORTED VACUUM SYSTEM
LOW COOLANT TEMPERATURE
CARBURETOR
E6R
CTO
SWITCH
EGR VALVE
VACUUM
HOSES
EGR. Fig. 5
-------
PORTED VACUUM SYSTEM
COOLANT AT
NORMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE
CARBURETOR
EGR
CTO
SWITCH
EGR VALVE
VACUUM
HOSES
EGR. Fig. 6
-------
VENTURI VACUUM EGR SYSTEM
CTO SWITCH
VI
00
VACUUM /
AMPLIFIER
CARBURETOR
VENTURI VACUUM LINE
00 o
If INTAKE MANIFOLD
VACUUM LINE
EGR VALVE
EGR. Fig. 7
-------
VO
VENTURI VACUUM EGR SYSTEM
CTO SWITCH
CARBURETOR
VENTURI VACUUM LINE\
VACUUM
AMPLIFIER
f » » »-^
If XINTAKE MANIFOLD
VACUUM LINE
EGR VALVE
EGR. Fig. 8
-------
r
ENGINE IDLING
BACK PRESSURE
SENSOR FILTER
00
o
AIR
DRAWN
IN
PORT
OPEN
CTO SWITCH
EXHAUST GAS
EXHAUST BACK
PRESSURE
SENSING TUB
PORTED VACUUM
I. EXHAUST BACK PRESSURE
2. SENSOR AIR BLEED OPEN
(AIR DRAWN REDUCES VACUUM)
3. NO PORTED VACUUM SIGNAL
4.E6R VALVE CLOSED
EGR. Fig. 9
-------
00
ACCELERATION
CLOSED
AIR BLEED PORT
EXHAUST GAS
TO INTAKE
MANIFOLD
I. EXHAUST BACK PRESSURE
HIGH
2. SENSOR AIR BLEED CLOSED
3. HIGH PORTED VACUUM SIGNAL
4. EGR VALVE OPEN
EGR. F1g. 10
-------
FULL THROTTLE OPERATION
00
I. EXHAUST BACK PRESSURE HIGH
2. SENSOR AIR BLEED CLOSED
3. LOW PORTED VACUUM SIGNAL
4. EGR VALVE CLOSED
-------
00
E6R VALVE
NOT
PROPERLY
CLOSED
EGR. Fig. 12
-------
00
EGR. Fig. 13
-------
00
EGR
VALVE
EGR. Fig. 14
-------
PORTED VACUUM SYSTEM
LOW COOLANT TEMPERATURE
CARBURETOR
EGR
CTO
SWITCH
00
EGR VALVE
VACUUM
HOSES
EGR. Fig. 15
-------
VENTURI VACUUM EGR SYSTEM
CTO SWITCH
00
-J
CARBURETOR
VACUUM/
AMPLIFIER
VENTURI VACUUM
INTAKE MANIFOLD
VACUUM LINE
EGR VALVE
EGR. Fig. 16
-------
PORTED VACUUM SYSTEM
COOLANT AT
NORMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE
CARBURETOR
00
00
EGR VALVE
VACUUM
HOSES
EGR. Fig. 77
-------
VENTURI VACUUM EGR SYSTEM
CTO SWITCH
00
SO
CARBURETOR
VACUUM/
AMPLIFIER
VENTURI VACUUM
INTAKE MANIFOLD
VACUUM LINE
EGR VALVE
J
EGR. fig. 18
-------
ENGINE IDLING
BACK PRESSURE
SENSOR
AIR
DRAWN
IN
BLEED
PORT
OPEN
CTO SWITCH
EXHAUST GAS
EXHAUST BACK
PRESSURE
SENSING TUB
PORTED VACUUM
I. EXHAUST BACK PRESSURE LO
2. SENSOR AIR BLEED OPEN
(AIR DRAWN REDUCES VACUUM)
3. NO PORTED VACUUM SIGNAL
4. EGR VALVE CLOSED
EGR. Fig. 19
-------
vo
LARGER
THROTTLE
OPENING
HOTTER EXHAUST
TEMPERATURE
SC. Fig. 1
-------
vo
CARBURETOR
TRANSMISSION
SWITCH
SOLENOID VACUUM
SWITCH
DISTRIBUTOR
VACUUM
ADVANCE UNIT
IGNITION
SC. Fiy. 2
-------
\o
CARBURETOR
TRANSMISSION
SWITCH
SOLENOID VACUUM
SWITCH
DISTRIBUTOR
VACUUM
ADVANCE UNIT
IGNITION
SC. Fig. 3
-------
VO
•p-
CARBURETOR
TRANSMISSION
SWITCH
SOLENOID VACUUM
SWITCH
DISTRIBUTOR
VACUUM
ADVANCE UNIT
IGNITION
SC. Fig. 4
-------
VO
Ui
MANIFOLD VACUUM
PORTED
VACUUM
0°-I60°F
TO IGNITION
SWITCH
OPEN OVER
35MPH
OR HIGH GEARS
SC. Fig. 5
-------
VO
MANIFOLD VACUUM
PORTED
VACUUM
ABOVE I60°F
TO IGNITION
SWITCH
OPEN OVER
35MPH
OR HIGH GEARS
SC. Fig. 6
-------
BELOW 225°F-ABOVE I60°F
vo
MANIFOLD
VACUUM
HOT OVERRIDE
PORTED
VACUUM
CTO
PORTED
VACUUM
SC. Fig. 7
-------
ABOVE 225°F
\£>
00
HOT OVERRIDE
MANIFOLD
VACUUM
PORTED
VACUUM
CTO
MANIFOLD
VACUUM
SC. Fig. 8
-------
TO
DISTRIBUTOR
PORTED
VACUUM
\o
vD
ti
_A
OSAC
VALVE
SC. Fiq. 9
-------
TO
DISTRIBUTOR
PORTED
VACUUM
8
OSAC
VALVE
J
SC. Fiq. 10
-------
r
MANIFOLD VACUUM
PORTED
VACUUM
TO IGNITION
SWITCH
SC. Fig. 11
-------
o
to
0 VACUUM
-3 2ND GEAR
1ST GEAR
PORTED VACUUM
3RD GEAR
SC. Fig. 12
-------
s
SC. Fig. 13
-------
TESTING SPARK DELAY VALVE
SC. Fig. 14
-------
TESTING SPARK DELAY VALVE
g
C
SC. Fin. 15
------- SC. Fig. 16
-------
SECONDARY COMBUSTION OR
BURNING OCCURS IN THE
CATALYTIC CONVERTER
1200° F
TO
MUFFLER
CAT. Fiq. 1
-------
MONOLITH CONVERTER
FLOW DIFFUSER
EXHAUST
GASES
HONEYCOMB
MONOLITH
STAINLESS STEEL
SHELL
STAINLESS
STEEL MESH
J
CAT. Fig. 2
-------
EXHAUST GAS FLOW-THRU
PELLET-STYLE CATALYTIC
CONVERTER
EXHAUST
GASES
INSULATION
\
INSULATION
ALUMINUM OXIDE PELLETS COATED
WITH PLATINUM AND PALLADIUM
CAT. Fig. 3
-------
ADDITIONAL AIR IS SUPPLIED TO
THE CATALYTIC CONVERTER BY-
AIR INJECTION SYSTEMS
LEAN AIR-FUEL RATIOS ,
CAT. Fig. 4
-------
EXCESSIVELY RICH MIXTURES
CAN LEAD TO A DESTROYED
CATALYTIC CONVERTER
CAT. Fig. 5
-------
THERMACTOR
WITH TVS
SWITCH AND
VACUUM DELAY
VALVE
EGR VALVE AIR CLEANER^
TVS SWITCH
BELOW
60° F
VACUUM
DELAY VALVE
PUMP
BYPASS
VALVE
CHECK
V VALVE
TO SPARK
PORT
COLD
ENGINE
OPERATION
CAT. Fig. 6
-------
THERMACTOR
WITH TVS
SWITCH AND
VACUUM DELAY
VALVE
EGR VALVE AIR CLEANER^
TVS SWITCH
ABOVE
60° F
VACUUM
DELAY VAL\
BYPASS
VALVE
CHECK
VALVE
AIR
PUMP
TO SPARK
PORT
WARM
ENGINE
OPERATION
CAT. Fig. 7
-------
fTHERMACTOR
WITH TVS
SWITCH AND
VACUUM DELAY
VALVE
E6R VALVE
AIR
CLEANER
WITCH
VACUUM
DELAY VAL\
BYPASS
VALVE
NO VACUUM
SIGNAL
AIR \
PUMP
CHECK
VALVE
OPERATION DURING
EXTENDED IDLE
OR EXTENDED
DECELERATION
CAT. Fig. 8
-------
HEAT SHIELDS
INTERIOR
INSULATING
PADS
HEAT
SHIELDS
CATALYTIC
CONVERTER
LOWER SHIELD
CAT. Fig. 9
-------
LEADED FUEL DESTROYS
CATALYST EFFECTIVENESS
LEAD COATS THE CATALYST
MAKING IT INEFFECTIVE
CAT. Fig. 10
------- TECHNICAL REPORT DATA (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing) 1\ REPORT NO. 2. EPA-450/3-77-034 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Transparency Masters for use with Instructor's Guide for Vehicle Emission Control 7. AUTHOR(S) B.D. Hayes R?A. Ragazzi M.T. Manes s 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS Department of Industrial Sciences Colorado University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS Control Programs Development Division Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Office of Air and Waste Management U.S. Environmental Protection Aeencv 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711 3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO. 5. REPORT DATE November ^77 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO. 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO. 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO. T900621-01-0 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED Final Rarjort 14.~S~P5Rs6R~rNG~A~GENCY CODE EPA 200/04 16. ABSTRACT 17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS a. DESCRIPTORS 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Release Unlimited fePA Form 2220-1 (9-73) „ - r,OVrRN,MFMT PRTNTINir. r»BPI b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS 19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report) Unclassified 20. SECURITY CLASS (This page) Unclassified rp.i q?R .7U1?- ??u, c. COSATI Field/Group 21. NO. OF PAGES 118 22. PRICE ------- |