\   I    /
(EPA-450/3-77-034
November 1977.
                    TRANSPARENCY MASTERS

                         INSTRUCTOR'S GUIDE
                     FOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS
                                      CONTROL

      U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
          Office of Air and Waste Management
        Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
       Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

-------
                                        EPA-450/3-77-034
        TRANSPARENCY MASTERS
FOR USE WITH INSTRUCTOR'S GUIDE
  FOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS CONTROL
                    B.D. Hayes, Project Director
                 M.T. Maness, Associate Project Director
                  R.A. Ragazzi, Principal Investigator

                  Department of Industrial Sciences
                     Colorado State University
                    Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
                    EPA Grant No. T900621-01-0

                  EPA Project Officer: Bruce Hogarth
                        Prepared for

              U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                  Office of Air and Waste Management
               Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
                 Control Programs Development Division
               Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

                        November 1977

-------
Copies of this publication are available free of charge to Federal employees,
current contractors and grantees, and nonprofit organizations - as supplies
permit - from the Library Services Office (MD-35), Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; or,  for a fee, from
the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,
Virginia 22161.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by the
Department of Industrial Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
Colorado, 80523, through Grant No. T900621-01-0. The contents of this report
are reproduced herein as received from Colorado State University. The opinions,
findings,  and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and not necessari-
ly those of the Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of company or
product names is not to be considered as an endorsement by the Environmental
Protection Agency.
                        Publication No. EPA-450/3-77-034
                                11

-------
CHOPPER
SAMPLE
  IN
 SAMPLE
   CELL
SAMPLE  _
  OUT

  DETECTOR
                                    IR SOURCES
 SEALED
REFERENCE
 CELL
                         - SIGNAL TO PREAMP
              INFRARED EXHAUST GAS ANALYZER
                      1
  UNIT 2-Fig. 1

-------
 HYDROCARBONS
       PPM.
CARBON  MONOXIDE
     PERCENT
   TYPICAL INFRARED EXHAUST
    GAS ANALYZER METERS

-------
r
     CO
     %
                           A       B
                         FACTORY 1/4 TURN
                          SPECS    RICH
   C       D
1/2 TURN 3/4 TURN
  RICH     RICH
                                                              UNIT 3- Fig. 1

-------
 HC
PPM
                    FACTORY 1/4 TURN
                     SPECS    RICH
1/2 TURN  3/4 TURN
  RICH     RICH
                                                        UNIT 3-Fig. 2

-------
        300-
 HC
PPM
          50-
                    FACTORY +5° TIMING
                     SPECS   ADVANCE
+10° TIMING  +15° TIMING
 ADVANCE   ADVANCE
                                                         UNIT 3- Fig. 3

-------
r
 PCV VALVE
 HOSE
 SEALED
 OIL DIP
 STICK
TYPE IV SYSTEM
 (CLOSED SYSTEM)
                     FRESH AIR
                     AIR INTAKE
                     HOSE
                                      SEALED
                                      OIL
                                      FILLER
                                      CAP
                              BLOW-BY GASES
                                       PCV. F1-. 1

-------
3.
PCV  VALVE

HOSE
SEALED
OIL DIP
STICK
              TYPE  IV SYSTEM
              (CLOSED SYSTEM)
                                  FRESH AIR
HOSE
                                     SEALED
                                     OIL
                                     FILLER
                                     CAP
                             BLOW-BY GASES
                                       PCV. Fig. 2

-------
    PCV VALVE
    HOSE
00
   SEALED
   OIL DIP
   STICK
                 TYPE IV SYSTEM
                  (CLOSED  SYSTEM)
                                      FRESH AIR
HOSE
   SEALED
   OIL
   FILLER
   CAP
                                BLOW-BY  GASES
                                         PCV. Fig. 3

-------
              ENGINE  OFF OR BACKFIRE
                                VALVE BODY
       SPRING
vo
GROOVES
       PLUNGER
       OR VALVE
                    (BACK  POSITION)
                                            PCV. Fig. 4

-------
          IDLING  OR  LOW SPEED
  SPRING
PLUNGER
OR VALVE
                             VALVE BODY
                       GROOVES
             (FORWARD POSITION)
                                       PCV. Fig. 5

-------
            HIGHER  SPEED
          (MIDDLE  POSITION)
SPRING
PLUNGER
OR VALVE
                             VALVE
                             BODY
                     GROOVES
J
                                   PCV. Fir. 6

-------
                 VALVE  STUCK OPEN
         BODY-
N>
     0
    MANIFOLD
    VACUUM
     PLUNGER
J\/7
             HOSE
              EXCESSIVE AIR FLOW AT IDLE
                                           PCV. Fig. 7

-------
          VALVE STUCK  CLOSED
SLUDGE &
OIL DEPOSITS
                     GROOVES
                         SPRING
                        PLUNGER
                                     PCV. Fig. 8

-------
PCV

                               OIL FILLER
                               HOLE
                                        PCV. Fig. 9

-------
PCV
                                INCLINED RAMP
                                a BALL TESTER
                                PLACE OVER
                                 OIL INLET
                                      PCV. Fin. 10

-------
CORRECT
ADAPTER
BE SURE TESTER
  IS VERTICAL

-------
PCV  VALUE CHECK
                         PCV. Fig. 12

-------
        THERMOSTATIC  TYPE
  SPRING
AIR FILTER
00
                             THERMOSTAT
oo
00
00
00
00
00
00
oo
oo
                                   TAC Fin. 1

-------
     VACUUM  MOTOR  TYPE
   VACUUM MOTOR
\o
    COLD AIR
     TO EXHAUST
     MANIFOLD
     SHROUD
                    VACUUM HOSE
          TEMP SENSO
           JI
HOT
AIR
                                  AIR
                                  CLEANER
                                     TAG. Fig. 2

-------
           DAMPER ASSEMBLY
HOT AIR
PIPE
                          COLD
                          AIR ENTERS
                        ____
HEAT
SHROUD
       EXHAUST MANIFOLD
     I           .

                                     I
       AIR HEATED BY MANIFOLD
         TAG REDUCES HC B CO
                                 TAG. Fig. 3

-------
N>
         THERMOSTATIC  TYPE
              DAMPER  ASSEMBLY
        SPRING
oo
oo
oo
oo
00
00
oo
oo
nn
                              THERMOSTAT
           HOT AIR PIPE
                                    TAG. Fig. 4

-------
          VACUUM  MOTOR
                     VACUUM HOSE
    VACUUM MOTOR
10
N>
     TO EXHAUST
     MANIFOLD
     SHROUD
                                 TEMP SENSOtf
Jl  JL
                           DAMPER ASSEMBLY
                                      TAG. Fig. 5

-------
ro
             HOT AIR  MODE
  SPRING
        \
   COLD AIR
           HEATED AIR
 AIR FILTER
THERMOSTAT
         TO EXHAUST
         MANIFOLD SHROUD
                                        TAC. Fig. 6

-------
          REGULATING MODE
    COLD
    AIR
IV)
           HOT AIR
                                   TAG. Fig. 7

-------
           COLD AIR MODE
to
                                  TAG. Fig. 8

-------
    INCOMING AIR BELOW SPECIFIED
         TEMPERATURE (APPROX. 100°)
  COLD AIR
NJ
ON
                 t
            HOT AIR
                                     TAG. Fig. 9

-------
      REGULATING MODE
COLD
AIR
                                    oo
                                    00
                                    oo
                                    oo
                                    r>r>
        HOT AIR
                                 TAG. Fig. 10

-------
           COLD AIR MODE
10
00
                                   TAG. Fig. ]1

-------
    HEAT DOOR IN PARTIAL HEAT-OFF
    POSITION UNDER COLD ACCELERATION
          COLD AIR
ro
                        VACUUM
                        MOTOR
            HOT AIR
OVERRIDE

 TO MANIFOLD
 VACUUM
                                      TAG. Fig. 12

-------
  VACUUM
 MOTOR  TYPE AIR  CLEANER
           DIAPHRAGM SPRING
VACUUM MOTOR
 DIAPHRAGM
     \
DAMPER
ASSEMBLY
TO EXHAUST
MANIFOLD
  SHROUD
                o
                            TEMPERATURE
                            SENSOR
                               \
                                 \
         TO
         MANIFOLD V
                                   TAG. Fig. 13

-------
AIR BLEED
VALVE
CLOSED
TEMPERATURE
 SENSING
  SPRING
FULL
VACUUM
SIGNAL TO
VACUUM MOTOR
TO MANIFOLD
VACUUM
                                       TAG. Fig. 14

-------
       HOT AIR DELIVERY MODE
                       DIAPHRAGM SPRING
         VACUUM MOTOR
   DIAPHRAGM \
CO
ro
                               TEMPERATURE
                                  SENSOR
                                       TAG. Fig. 15

-------
 AIR BLEED
 OPEN
TEMPERATURE
   SENSOR
    SPRING
LOW
OR NO
VACUUM
SIGNAL
TO
VACUUM
MOTOR
                                  TO MANIFOLD
                                  VACUUM
                                       TAG. Fig. 16

-------
         REGULATING MODE
                     DIAPHRAGM SPRING
       VACUUM MOTOR
Dl APH RAGM\
COLD
AIR
            HEATEQ
             AIR   \
                           o
                           o
                                 AIR FILTER
TEMPERATURE
   SENSOR
                                    TAG. Fig. 17

-------
CO
(Jl
   AIR BLEED
   OPEN
                                TEMPERATURE
                                  SENSOR
                                    SPRING
LOW
OR NO
VACUUM
SIGNAL
TO
VACUUM
MOTOR
                                    TO MANIFOLD
                                    VACUUM
                                         TAG. Fig.

-------
          COLD AIR DELIVERY MODE
                 DIAPHRAGM SPRING
     VACUUM MOTOR
DIAPHRAGM  \
            HEATED
             AIR
      oo
      oo
      oo
      oo
      oo
        o
      oo
                                   FILTER
                             TEMPERATURE
                                SENSOR

                             BLEEDING
                             AIR
3"-8"Hg
                                    TAG. Fig. 19

-------
           LOW VACUUM  CONDITION
       VACUUM MOTOR
   DIAPHRAGM
to
                    DIAPHRAGM SPRING
                            oo
COLD
AIR
              HEATED
                AIR
                   2"-
                                  AIR FILTER
TEMPERATURE
   SENSOR
                                       TAG. Fin. 20

-------
       HOT AIR DELIVERY MODE
                        DIAPHRAGM SPRING
         VACUUM MOTOR
   DIAPH RAGM \
CO
00
                             TEMPERATURE
                                SENSOR
                      VACUUM
                      DELAY
                      VALVE
HEATED AIR
                                        TAG. Fig. 21

-------
CO
VO
    TO MANIFOLD VACUUM
      OPENING
      TO
      EXHAUST
      HEAT
      SHROUD
                                    HOT IDLE
                                  COMPENSATOR
TEMPERATURE
  SENSOR
                                        TAG. Fig. 22

-------
THERMOSTATIC AIR CLEANER
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
                            TAC. Fiy. 23

-------
    VACUUM MOTOR  AIR CLEANER
         VACUUM MOTOR
                           TEMPERATURE
                           SENSOR
DAMPER
ASSEMBLY
                  TO
                  MANIFOLD
                                  TAG. Fiy. 24

-------
PUMP
     DIVERTER
     VALVE
                      MANIFOLD  VACUUM
                      SIGNAL LINE
                     CHECK
                     VALVE
               MANIFOLD
                                     AI.'I. Fin. 1

-------
AIR. Fig. 2

-------
r
                                                                                              AIR.  Fig.  3

-------
C/i
     VENT
                                     HIGH
                                     INTAKE
                                     MANIFOLD
                                     VACUUM
                                     SIGNAL
                                       AIR
                                       FLOW
SEATED
                                          AIR. Fig. 4

-------
5PSI
VENT
5PSI
                                     AIR
                                     FLOW
                                     AIR. Fig. 5

-------
                 ^
                 =D INTAKE
                 I    MANIFOLD
                10    VACUUM
AIR  SWITCHING VALVE
                          AIR. Fig. 6

-------
00
               CHECK  VALVE

                                   AIR. Fig. 7

-------
\0
                                                                                                     AIR.  Fig. 8

-------
Oi
o
          DISTRIBUTION
          MANIFOLD
           CHECK
           VALVE
AIR
PUMP
             SIGNAL LINE
             TO
             INTAKE
             MANIFOLD^
                           GULP VALVE
         AIR DISCHARGE
         TO
         INTAKE MANIFOLD
J
                                                AIR. Fig. 9

-------
AIR. Fig. 10

-------
                                  AIR  INLET
                                    FILTER
Oi
N>
                                         AIR. Fig. 11

-------
                          MANIFOLD  VACUUM
                          SIGNAL LINE
     PUMP
01
      VISUALLY  INSPECT
      ALL HOSES
                                         AIR. Fig. 12

-------
AIR. Fig.  13

-------
AIR. Fig.  14

-------
CAUTION:
CHECK VALVE
AND
EXHAUST GASES
ARE HOT!
        AIR. Fig. 75

-------
f
               nrrn
UUIJ
                                         AIR. Fig. 16

-------
Ui
00
               AIR TO
               INTAKE MANIFOLD
                                 AIR FROM PUMP
                                           AIR. Fir. 17

-------
            VAPOR SAVER SYSTEM
   PURGE
   LINE
           VENT
           LINE
FUEL TANK
VENT LINE
PRESSURE
VACUUM
SAFETY
FILLER CAP
Ui
VO
    CHARCOAL
    CANISTER
                   OVERFILL
                   LIMITING
                   VALVE
              LIQUID
              VAPOR
              SEPARATOR
                                       FEC. Fig. 1

-------
  AIR SPACE PROVIDED FOR
       FUEL EXPANSION
10-12% OF TANK VOLUME
                          FILLER
                          NECK
                         FUEL
                         TANK
       FUEL
                           FEC. Fin. 2

-------
     PRESSURE-VACUUM RELIEF  CAP
       TANK PRESSURE 1/2 - I  PSI
SEALING
GASKET
           OUTER SHELL
PRESSURE
SPRING
PRESSURE
RELIEF
                LOCKING
                LIP
VALVE (OPEN)  VACUUM RELIEF
  u  vu   '  VALVE (CLOSED)    VACUUM SPRING
                                     FEC. Fig. 3

-------
        CAP RELIEVING TANK VACUUM
               VACUUM 1/4"-1/2" HG
    SEALING
    GASKET
PRESSURE
SPRING
            OUTER SHELL
ro
   PRESSURE
   RELIEF
   VALVE
   (CLOSED)
                   LOCKING
                   LIP
VACUUM RELIEF
VALVE (OPEN)
VACUUM
SPRING
                                       FPC. PTQ. 4

-------
        HORIZONTAL MOUNTED LIQUID
              VAPOR SEPARATOR
               1
TO CHARCOAL
CANISTER
MOUNTING
HOLE
ON
GJ
   LIQUID
   RETURN
              VAPOR
              VENT
fc_ll^h»
k^




^^^•••r

«M^
^ • ^^ • » •
^ LINES
^^
                                    FEC. Fig. 5

-------
          BUILT-IN SEPARATOR
                            RESTRICTOR
                            ORIFICE
             VAPORS OUT
FUEL VAPOR
                  FUEL TANK
                                  FEC. Fig. 6

-------
Ol
                CHARCOAL CANISTER
    HOSE TO
    CARBURETOR
    OR
    AIR CLEANER
    CHARCOAL
    GRANULES
HOSE TO
FUEL TANK
VENT
CANISTER
CASE
                                    ^FIBERGLAS
                                       FILTER
                    OUTSIDE AIR
                                           FEC. Fig. 7

-------
r
             t
            i  11
                                 AIR
                                 CLEANER
                                TANK
                        CARBON
                        CANISTER
                                         FEC. Fig. 8

-------
CARBURETOR
BOWL VENT
    DEMAND
PURGE SYSTEM
                  PORTED
                  VACUUM
FROM
FUEL
TANK
           RESTRICTED
           ORIFICE
                                    FEC. Fig. 9

-------
CO
        1
   CARBURETOR
   BOWL VENT
PORTED
VACUUM
                          \
RESTRICTED
ORIFICES
                             PURGE VALVE
                   PCV HOSE
    CONSTANT a DEMAND
    PURGE SYSTEM
   FROM
   FUEL
   TANK
                                       FEC. Fig. 70

-------
                          CARBURETOR
      TO CANISTER
ON
\O
                  TO CARB.
                  LIN
              CAPPED
KAGE
VENT
                      VAPOR
               FUEL
                                X
              o
                                 \
                                  THROTTLE
                                  CLOSED
                                           FEC. Fig. 11

-------
TO CANISTER
TO CARBURETOR
LINKAGE
        CLOSED ANTI
        PERC VALVE
  CARBURETOR
  BOWL
    THROTTLE
    OPEN
                                      FEC. Fig. 12

-------
BOTTOM  OF CANISTER
                           FIBERGLAS
                           FILTER
                                  FEC. Fig. 13

-------
N9
                             CARBURETOR
                              AIR a FUEL
           TO VACUUM  SOURCE
   EGR VALVE
I
  FROM EXH. SYSTEM   "-TO INTAKE MANIFOLD
                                         EGR. Fig. 1

-------
COOLANT
TEMPERATURE
OVERRIDE
SWITCH
            E6R. Fig. 2

-------
EXHAUST BACK-PRESSURE
  SENSOR (TRANSDUCER)
                    EGi?. Fig. .3

-------
 C  TO INTAKE MANIFOLD^>
    TO  FGR  VALVE
 C >ROM VENTURI VACUUM SIGNAL^>
VACUUM  AMPLIFIER
                        EGR. Fig. 4

-------
        PORTED VACUUM SYSTEM
      LOW COOLANT  TEMPERATURE
                         CARBURETOR
E6R
CTO
SWITCH
EGR VALVE
                  VACUUM
                  HOSES
                                 EGR. Fig. 5

-------
        PORTED  VACUUM SYSTEM
              COOLANT AT
    NORMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE
                        CARBURETOR
EGR
CTO
SWITCH
EGR VALVE
                 VACUUM
                 HOSES
                                 EGR. Fig. 6

-------
         VENTURI  VACUUM EGR  SYSTEM
        CTO SWITCH
VI
00
                                  VACUUM  /
                                  AMPLIFIER
CARBURETOR
      VENTURI VACUUM  LINE
                            00 o
                              If    INTAKE  MANIFOLD
                                  VACUUM LINE
   EGR VALVE
                                          EGR. Fig. 7

-------
VO
         VENTURI VACUUM  EGR  SYSTEM
        CTO SWITCH
                   CARBURETOR
VENTURI VACUUM LINE\
          VACUUM
          AMPLIFIER
                              f   »    »     »-^
                              If  XINTAKE MANIFOLD
                                  VACUUM  LINE
   EGR VALVE
                                          EGR. Fig. 8

-------
  r
     ENGINE  IDLING
                         BACK PRESSURE
                         SENSOR      FILTER
00
o
                 AIR
                DRAWN
                    IN
             PORT
           OPEN
CTO  SWITCH
           EXHAUST GAS
EXHAUST BACK
PRESSURE
SENSING TUB
                               PORTED VACUUM
    I. EXHAUST BACK PRESSURE
    2. SENSOR AIR BLEED OPEN
      (AIR DRAWN REDUCES VACUUM)
    3. NO PORTED VACUUM SIGNAL
    4.E6R VALVE CLOSED
                                               EGR. Fig. 9

-------
00
                     ACCELERATION
                              CLOSED
                              AIR  BLEED PORT
EXHAUST GAS
  TO INTAKE
  MANIFOLD
    I. EXHAUST BACK  PRESSURE
     HIGH
    2. SENSOR AIR  BLEED CLOSED
    3. HIGH PORTED VACUUM SIGNAL
    4. EGR VALVE OPEN
                                                EGR. F1g. 10

-------
            FULL THROTTLE OPERATION
00
    I. EXHAUST BACK PRESSURE HIGH
   2. SENSOR AIR  BLEED CLOSED
   3. LOW PORTED VACUUM SIGNAL
   4. EGR VALVE CLOSED

-------
00
E6R VALVE
NOT
PROPERLY
CLOSED
                               EGR. Fig. 12

-------
00
                                                                                                  EGR. Fig. 13

-------
00
                                   EGR
                                   VALVE
                                             EGR. Fig. 14

-------
           PORTED VACUUM SYSTEM
        LOW COOLANT TEMPERATURE
                           CARBURETOR
  EGR
  CTO
  SWITCH
00
EGR VALVE
                    VACUUM
                    HOSES
                                   EGR. Fig. 15

-------
         VENTURI  VACUUM EGR  SYSTEM
        CTO  SWITCH
00
-J
                  CARBURETOR
VACUUM/
AMPLIFIER
                        VENTURI VACUUM
                                  INTAKE MANIFOLD
                                  VACUUM LINE
   EGR VALVE
                                          EGR. Fig. 16

-------
           PORTED VACUUM  SYSTEM
                COOLANT AT
       NORMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE
                           CARBURETOR
00
00
                      EGR VALVE
                   VACUUM
                   HOSES
                                   EGR. Fig. 77

-------
         VENTURI VACUUM  EGR  SYSTEM
        CTO SWITCH
00
SO
                   CARBURETOR
          VACUUM/
          AMPLIFIER
VENTURI VACUUM
                                   INTAKE  MANIFOLD
                                   VACUUM  LINE
   EGR VALVE
                       J
                                          EGR. fig. 18

-------
                ENGINE  IDLING
                     BACK PRESSURE
                     SENSOR
             AIR
            DRAWN
                IN
                          BLEED
                         PORT
                      OPEN
                               CTO  SWITCH
EXHAUST  GAS
            EXHAUST  BACK
            PRESSURE
            SENSING TUB
                     PORTED  VACUUM
I. EXHAUST BACK PRESSURE LO
2. SENSOR AIR BLEED OPEN
  (AIR DRAWN REDUCES VACUUM)
3. NO PORTED VACUUM SIGNAL
4. EGR VALVE CLOSED
                                           EGR. Fig. 19

-------
vo
                            LARGER
                            THROTTLE
                            OPENING
                         HOTTER EXHAUST
                         TEMPERATURE
                                     SC. Fig. 1

-------
vo
CARBURETOR

TRANSMISSION
SWITCH
                             SOLENOID VACUUM
                             SWITCH

                                    DISTRIBUTOR
                               VACUUM
                               ADVANCE UNIT
                                 IGNITION
                                          SC. Fiy. 2

-------
\o
CARBURETOR

TRANSMISSION
SWITCH
                             SOLENOID VACUUM
                             SWITCH

                                   DISTRIBUTOR
                               VACUUM
                               ADVANCE UNIT
                                 IGNITION
                                          SC. Fig. 3

-------
VO
•p-
CARBURETOR

TRANSMISSION
SWITCH
                             SOLENOID VACUUM
                             SWITCH

                                   DISTRIBUTOR
                               VACUUM
                               ADVANCE UNIT
                                 IGNITION
                                          SC. Fig. 4

-------
VO
Ui
                              MANIFOLD VACUUM
PORTED
VACUUM
    0°-I60°F
             TO IGNITION
             SWITCH
             OPEN OVER
             35MPH
             OR HIGH GEARS
                                          SC. Fig. 5

-------
VO
                             MANIFOLD VACUUM
PORTED
VACUUM
    ABOVE I60°F
             TO IGNITION
             SWITCH
             OPEN OVER
             35MPH
             OR HIGH GEARS
                                         SC. Fig. 6

-------
       BELOW 225°F-ABOVE I60°F
vo
                     MANIFOLD
                     VACUUM
  HOT OVERRIDE
                                   PORTED
                                   VACUUM
                                    CTO
PORTED
VACUUM
                                    SC. Fig. 7

-------
                ABOVE 225°F
\£>
00
   HOT OVERRIDE
                       MANIFOLD
                       VACUUM
                                     PORTED
                                     VACUUM
                                      CTO
MANIFOLD
VACUUM
                                      SC. Fig. 8

-------
           TO
           DISTRIBUTOR
         PORTED
         VACUUM
\o
vD
    ti
_A
                           OSAC
                           VALVE
                                    SC. Fiq. 9

-------
            TO
            DISTRIBUTOR
          PORTED
          VACUUM
8
                                    OSAC
                                    VALVE
                                             J
                                        SC. Fiq. 10

-------
r
                             MANIFOLD VACUUM
                   PORTED
                   VACUUM
            TO IGNITION
            SWITCH
                                         SC. Fig. 11

-------
o
to
                            0 VACUUM

                      -3 2ND GEAR
1ST GEAR
                         PORTED VACUUM
                      3RD GEAR
                                    SC. Fig. 12

-------
s
                                                                                            SC. Fig. 13

-------
TESTING SPARK DELAY VALVE
                         SC. Fig. 14

-------
     TESTING SPARK DELAY VALVE
g
  C
                              SC. Fin. 15

-------
SC. Fig.  16

-------
SECONDARY  COMBUSTION OR
  BURNING OCCURS IN THE
    CATALYTIC CONVERTER
       1200° F
TO
MUFFLER
                       CAT. Fiq. 1

-------
       MONOLITH  CONVERTER
FLOW DIFFUSER
EXHAUST
GASES
HONEYCOMB
MONOLITH
                      STAINLESS  STEEL
                      SHELL
STAINLESS
STEEL MESH
                                     J
                                 CAT. Fig. 2

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    EXHAUST GAS  FLOW-THRU
    PELLET-STYLE CATALYTIC
            CONVERTER
EXHAUST
GASES
                           INSULATION
                          \
                           INSULATION
         ALUMINUM  OXIDE PELLETS COATED
         WITH PLATINUM AND PALLADIUM
                               CAT. Fig. 3

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 ADDITIONAL  AIR IS  SUPPLIED TO
  THE  CATALYTIC  CONVERTER BY-
AIR INJECTION SYSTEMS
LEAN  AIR-FUEL RATIOS ,
                              CAT. Fig. 4

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EXCESSIVELY  RICH MIXTURES
CAN  LEAD TO A DESTROYED
   CATALYTIC CONVERTER
                      CAT. Fig. 5

-------
  THERMACTOR
  WITH  TVS
  SWITCH  AND
  VACUUM  DELAY
  VALVE
                 EGR VALVE   AIR CLEANER^
                           TVS SWITCH
                             BELOW
                             60° F
               VACUUM
            DELAY VALVE
                 PUMP
BYPASS
VALVE
  CHECK
V VALVE
TO SPARK
PORT
                         COLD
                         ENGINE
                         OPERATION
                                 CAT. Fig. 6

-------
THERMACTOR
WITH  TVS
SWITCH AND
VACUUM  DELAY
VALVE
                 EGR VALVE   AIR CLEANER^
                           TVS SWITCH
                            ABOVE
                             60° F
             VACUUM
           DELAY VAL\
BYPASS
VALVE
 CHECK
 VALVE
               AIR
               PUMP
TO SPARK
PORT
                         WARM
                         ENGINE
                         OPERATION
                               CAT. Fig. 7

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fTHERMACTOR
  WITH  TVS
  SWITCH AND
  VACUUM  DELAY
  VALVE
                  E6R VALVE
                               AIR
                             CLEANER
                                WITCH
               VACUUM
             DELAY VAL\
BYPASS
VALVE
NO VACUUM
SIGNAL
                  AIR \
                  PUMP
  CHECK
  VALVE
                        OPERATION DURING
                        EXTENDED IDLE
                        OR  EXTENDED
                        DECELERATION
                                  CAT. Fig. 8

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            HEAT SHIELDS
INTERIOR
INSULATING
PADS
                              HEAT
                              SHIELDS
CATALYTIC
CONVERTER
LOWER SHIELD
                                  CAT. Fig. 9

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 LEADED  FUEL DESTROYS
CATALYST EFFECTIVENESS
 LEAD COATS THE CATALYST
  MAKING IT  INEFFECTIVE
                      CAT. Fig. 10

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1\ REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-450/3-77-034
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Transparency Masters for use with Instructor's
Guide for Vehicle Emission Control
7. AUTHOR(S)
B.D. Hayes R?A. Ragazzi
M.T. Manes s
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Department of Industrial Sciences
Colorado University
Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Control Programs Development Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Office of Air and Waste Management
U.S. Environmental Protection Aeencv
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Research Triangle Park,
N.C. 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE November ^77
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
T900621-01-0
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Rarjort
14.~S~P5Rs6R~rNG~A~GENCY CODE
EPA 200/04

16. ABSTRACT
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS

18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
fePA Form 2220-1 (9-73) „ - r,OVrRN,MFMT PRTNTINir. r»BPI
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
rp.i q?R .7U1?- ??u,
c. COSATI Field/Group

21. NO. OF PAGES
118
22. PRICE


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