U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Technical Information Service
PB-269 566
Methods of Computation of
Data from Exhaust Emission
Surveillance Program
Ethyl Corp, Ferndale, Mich
Prepared for
National Air Pollution Control Administration, Ann Arbor, Mich Div of Motor
Vehicle Pollution Control
Jun 66
-------
GR 66-27
METHODS OF COMPUTATION OF DATA
FROM EXHAUST EMISSION
SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM
Prepared for the
U. S. Public Health Service
under Contract No. PH86-66-2
By
ETHYL CORPORATION
Ferndale. Michigan 48220
June 1966
-------
4. Title and Subtitle
Methods of Computation of Data From Exhaust Emission
Surveillance Program
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
SHEET
1. Report No.
2.
5. Report Date
June 1966
7. Author(s)
George W..Thomson.
8. Performing Organization Rept.
No.
9. I'erforminj; Organization Name and Address
Ethyl Corporation
1600 West Eight Mile Road
Ferndale, Michigan 48220
10. Project/Task/U o:k L'nit No.
.11. Contract/Gram No.
PH86-88-.2
i2. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
U.S. Public Health Service
National Air Pollution Control Administration
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
13. Type of Report i Period
Covered
Final Rpt.
15. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstracts
This report discusses the handling of the experimental data for each
visit to each city during the surveillance program. For each visit to
each city, two repeat runs are made on each of 10 cars of .the same make
without an exhaust control device and on each of 10 different cars of the
same make with an exhaust control device. Three makes of cars are tested;
there are thus 120 separate runs for each visit to each city. The methods
and computer programs described are used to process the separate runs
and to.prepare certain comparison tables.
i7. Key tt'ords and Document Analysis. I7a. Descriptors
Air pollution
Motor vehicles
Exhaust emissions
Surveillance
Data processing
Computer programs
I7b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
Emission control
17c. COSATI Field 'Group
18. Availability Statement
Release Unlimited
I.
19. Security Class (This
Report)
UNCLASSIFIED '
20. Security Class (This
Page
UNCLASSIFIED
21. No. of Pages
22. P-:c-
FOB" NTis-33 I
'°-73' KXDORSKU [»Y ANSI AND L'NKSCO.
THIS FORM MAY BK REPRODUCED
-------
GR 66-27
METHODS OF COMPUTATION OF DATA FROM
EXHAUST EMISSION SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM
by George W. Thomson
Prepared for the
U.S. Public Health Service
Under Contract No. PH 86-66-2
by
Ethyl Corporation
Ferndale, Michigan 48220
June 15, 1966
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Methods of
Computation of Data From Exhaust Emission Surveillance Program
Summary 1
Contract 1
Basic Data 1
Editing and Data Deck Checking , 3
Manifold Air Oxidation Devices 3
Integrator Calibration 4
Average Car Speed 4
Correction of Gas Volumes for Temperature and Pressure 4
Standard Cubic Feet Air Per Mile . . . . . : 5
Nitrogen Dilution Ratio , 5
Equivalent Steady-State Air/Fuel Ratio 5
Air/Fuel Ratio Calculation 6
Effective Dilution Ratio anil CO/COz Scaled Data •' 6
Per Cent Air Added '. . 7
Exhaust/Air Ratio . . 7
Lb/Mile of Effluents 8
Calculated Miles Per Gallon 9
Example of Calculation. Run 1H49C . 9
Run Summary . 11
Refurbished Data Deck 11
Statistical Analysis Deck 12
Appendix I. Program TRAILR
Introduction 14
Run Codes 14
Listing of Program TRAILR 16
Preload for Program TRAILR 32
Appendix II. Steady-State CO, COz» A/F Relations
Introduction 34
Empirical Equations .34
Appendix III. Tables
Introduction 37
A/F from CO 38
A/F from CO2 (rich) . 42
A/F from CO2 (lean) 45
A/F from CO/COz • • 46
E/A from A/F 56
Correction Factor for Gas Volumes to 68°F 59
Vapor Pressure of Water 60
Appendix IV. Running The Data
Editing Raw Data Deck 61
Run Summary Tables '. , . .- 62
Refurbished Data Deck and Statistical Analysis Deck 62
Comparison Tables - Effluent Variables 62
Comparison Tables - All Variables 63
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SUMMARY
The methods used for the reduction of the data from the current car
exhaust emission surveillance program are described. The computations
are first discussed in general terms. The detailed discussion which follows
is based on the IBM 1620 program TRAILR used for editing and processing
the data. Newly-developed relations for the experimental concentration of
CO and CO^ as a function of A/F, the air-fuel ratio, are presented.
CONTRACT
The work described herein was carried out by Ethyl Corporation in
partial fulfillment of Contract PH86-66-2 for the Public Health Service.
BASIC DATA
This report discusses the handling of the experimental data for each visit
to each city during the surveillance program. (The overall experimental design,
which is described in the project contract, is not considered here. ) For each
visit to each city, two repeat runs are made on each of 10 cars of the same make
without an exhaust control device and on each of 10 different cars of the same
.make with an exhaust control device. Three makes of cars (Chevrolet, Ford and
Plymouth) owned by the General Services Administration (GSA) are tested.
There are thus 120 separate runs for each visit to each city (plus a few on Ethyl-
owned cars which are processed in the same way but not included in the compari-
son tables described further below). The methods and computer programs
described below are used to process the separate runs and to prepare certain
comparison tables.
The basic experimental information given in Table 1 is considered to be
essential for each run. Together with other information (which may or may not
have been obtained) it is entered on a key-punch form (Fig. 1) and eventually
punched on IBM cards. Seven to 10 cards are needed for each run; these com-
prise the Raw Data Deck.
The IBM 1620 computer program TRAILR tests the input data for magni-
tudes, determines if needed data are missing, and performs calculations to
provide both a standard output summarizing the run (the Run Summary), punched
cards useful as input for further analysis of the re?ults (the Statistical Analysis
Deck), and a completely redone input data deck (the ^Refurbished Data Deck) with .
edited input data and newly calculated data from the program. The Refurbished
'Data Deck is used with a companion program CITABL to provide comparison
tables for the variables.
-------
Table 1
Essential Run Information With FORTRAN Names and Symbols
FORTRAN names
Variable
^f f 1 \
J\ 1 A /
X(2)
X(4)
X(5)
X(6)
X{13)
X(24)
X(35)
X(14)
X<25)
X(36)
X(15)
X(26)
X(37)
X(16)
X(27)
X(38)
X{18)
X(19)
X(20)
X(21)
X(22)
X(23)
X(46)
X(47)
X(48)
KRUN
KLNO
ODOM
ELMILE
ELMIN
DELP1
DELP2
DELP3
CPM1
CPM2
CPM3
CTN
CTS
CTC
GTDFN
GTDFS
GTDFC
DEHCIR
DEHCFI
DECO
DECO2
DENOX
DEO2
TAMB
PAMB
HUMID
5-digit alphameric run number
1-digit sampler number
(code for laminar flow element)
odometer reading, miles
elapsed miles
elapsed minutes
integrator calibration pressures, delta P, in.
the three are usually in
the ratio 1: 2: 4
integrator calibration, counts per minute
at the three ;
pressures
nitrogen integrator counts
sampler integrator counts
carburetor integrator counts
nitrogen gas'temp. , deg. F
sampler gas temp. , deg. F
carburetor gas temp. , deg. F.
dilute exhaust (bag) hydrocarbon, IR, ppmc
hydrocarbon, FID, ppmc
CO, per cent
CO^, per cent
NOx, ppm
O£« per cent
ambient air temperature
ambient barometric pressure
relative humidity, per cent
license number
- 2 -
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PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE SURVEILLANCE
Exhaust Emission
|l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 1011 1213 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 2? 28 29 30 31 32 3334 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4243 44 45 4647 48 4950 51 5253 54 55 56 57 58 59 6061 62 636465 66 67 6C 69 70 71 7273 74 7576 77 76 7980| i
Scu.il 5,_yi«- c-w.« r«»t Odomtiei
Run No. *•• h' ••—*
D
- Integrator
CPU Counts
• First
License
Make
Mo. Day Yi.
Time
/ /
Miles
Elapsed
Mmulei
ANALYST REPORT
liPH Ratio
A/F
Ralio
E in..'Air
Ratio
d. SCF/Mile
Air Eiluusl
- Cas Temperature Oats -
Temp.'F. Corr.
HC-IR HC-FIO CO
ppmc ppmc Pet Cent
CQz
Per Cent
NOi
ppm
Qj
Per Cent
Nitrogen
— Dilute enhaust, observed data. •
•
. 1
•
Sampler -
Carburetor -
-Undiluted exhaust, calcd. data. —
•
•
I
-Calculated emission weight, Ib. per mile. •
Count Kttif
•
.11. 1
•
•
Year
DRIVER REPORT
Vehicle Model Eng Oisp. Transmission Device? Samplei
Oliver
Analjrsit
Cilv Amb. Temp. Aim. Pr. Rel.Hum.
Pavement
Traffic
Owna
Up to S comment cords con follow. Cot. 80
9 in lost cord.
Pilot 20C Mile Service
Run Code
. 1
*
*
. 1 •
01
Rim Code
*
. 1
"1
•
1 II . 1
03;
•
. 1
. I
04
OS
06
r:
• ' *
>-
h'
0
0
3
0
0
2 3 '. b 6 7 S 9 10 1112 13 14 15 16 17 13 19 2021 ?2 23 24 25 26 2; 25 29 :G 31 32 3334 35 36 37 33 J9 40 4142 43 44 4548 4748 49 SO SI S2S3 S4 SS S6 S7 S8.S9SO Gl 626364 65 66 67 6869 70 71 72 n ?4 7S 76 7? 78 79 80
ECD.120) «'»•««.••»*
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EDITING AND DATA DECK CHECKING
Computer program TRAILR has two functions, editing the Raw Data Deck
and processing the data. In the Edit Mode, with Program Switch 1 ON, the Raw
Data Deck cards are scanned to detect missing data, cards out of order, and
data outside reasonable magnitude limits, but there is no punched output. After
all of these errors are corrected the cards are edited again since some errors
may not show up during the first pass. If Program Switch 2 is OFF, there is a
computer pause to permit correction and reload if an error is encountered. It
is usually most convenient to put Program Switch 2 ON to give continuous process-
ing since the typed error messages provide an adequate record and the data cards
can be corrected in a batch. The details of the card checking features are now
described.
Four data cards, two required comment cards, and up to eight more
comment cards are loaded in order. A check is made that the cards are in the
correct order, that is, that the Col. 80 punch is successively 1,2,3,4,5 and 6,
followed optionally by 7 or 8. (The 8 can be repeated.) The last comment card
must have 9 in Col. 80. All cards must have the same run codes punched in
Col. 71 to 78 and Col. 79 must be zero. If these conditions are violated, a card
OUT OF ORDER message will be typed, and the computer will stop to allow
correction and reload, if Switch 2 is ON. The run number is typed as soon as
the first card is read. (Note that this is the first card following a last card
with 9 in Col. 8? and, if a card is out of order, it may not be a card with 1 in
Col. 80.)
- Columns 71 to 78 contain the run codes described in a later section. If
any of these are unreasonable, there is an error message. A similar message
appears if any "essential" piece of data (Tabl: 1) is negative or zero, or if .the
Sampler Numbers in Col. 7 of Card 1 and in Col. 75 of the run code do not agree.
All of the data are then checked to see if they lie between reasonable
limits. If not, an error message is typed. The lower limits for nonessential
data which may not have been filled in have been set at zero. If Switch 2 is ON,
the calculations are carried out even if some of the values do not pass the
magnitude tests.
It is possible that some errors may go undetected at this stage and may
only be discovered when the Comparison Tables are made. Note that the
program TRAILR can process any number of runs since each run is handled
individually; unnecessary run processing is avoided.
The Edited Data Deck is used as input to the same program TRAILR for
the data processing which is now described in detail. Program Switch 1 must
be ON for these calculations to be made.
MANIFOLD AIR OXIDATION DEVICES
Minor differences in calculation are needed if an AIR-INJECTION
REACTOR (A. I. R. ) is used as the emission control device, as in the Fords
and Chevrolets. Plymouth employs a different system, their CLEAN AIR
- 3 -
-------
PACKAGE (C.A.P.). In the program, no device is coded MX = 1, C.A.P.
is coded MX = 2, and A. I. R. MX =3.
INTEGRATOR CALIBRATION :
It is assumed that the counts per minute value is exactly proportional to
the pressure drop in inches of water for the laminar flow elements. The three
calibration pressures are usually in the ratio of 1: 2: 4. If so, an average
calibration at the second pressure can be obtained by averaging the three
values. However, the computer program uses a least squares solution which
does not require that the three pressures be in the 1: 2: 4 ratio.
= (DELP1/(CPM1) + (DELP2)(CPM2) + (DELP3)(CPM3)
(DELP2)
-------
for t = 32 to 122'Fi where P is in inches of mercury. This equation is based
on our own evaluation of the experimental data (G. W. Thomson, Ethyl Corp.
Report LTD 50-32 and subsequent investigations). Extrapolation'below 32°F
leads to a small error which is negligible as far as the pressure correction is
concerned. The multiplying factor for this correction is
PCORR = (PAMB - 0.01(HUMID)(PWAT))/29. 92126
where PAMB is the ambient barometric pressure, HUMID is the relative
humidity, per cent, and PV/AT is the vapor pressure of water.
The observed counts for the nitrogen, sampler and carburetor air are
designated CTN, CTS and CTC. The corresponding corrected values are CCTN,
CCTS and CCTC.
The sampler to carburetor count ratio, CTS/CTC, is expected to be close
to unity. Its value ij termed RATIO, equivalent to X(45).
j,
STANDARD CUBIC FF^T AIR PER MILE
The amount of air per mile is obtained from the carburetor counts (CCTC),
the cubic feet per count (CFPCT) and the mileage (ELMILE):
SCFAIR = (CCTC)(CFPCT)/ELMILE
Conversion to the amount of exhaust per mile requires a factor which depends
on the air-fuel ratio, which is discussed in a later section.
NITROGEN DILUTION RATIO
The Nitrogen Dilution Ratio is equal to one .plus the ratio of the nitrogen
counts to the sampler counts, both temperature and pressure corrected.
Usually it is between 3. 0 and 4. 0, averaging about 3.3. If we assume no
air-leakage into the system between the sampling bag and the tailpipe, then
the Nitrogen Dilution Ratio (designated DILRAT in the program) can be used
as a scale-up factor to convert the sampling bag data to undiluted tailpipe
exhaust conditions. Data scaled up in this way are termed
N2 SCALED DATA
The label in the .Comparison Tables is
DATA SCALED BY DILUTION RATIO FROM NITROGEN COUNTS
It is obvious that the effective dilution ratio will be larger than DILRAT if
there is air leakage into the bag from any source.
EQUIVALENT STEADY-STATE AIR/FUEL RATIO
The air/fuel ratio (A/F) varies over a wide range in the course of the
eight-mile test run. The exhaust sample can be considered a composite of a
- 5 -
-------
equation is based
son, Ethyl Corp.
ation below 32°F
sure correction is
2126
s the relative
rburetor air are
ed values are CCTN,
expected to be close
retor counts (CCTC),
tor which depends
tio of the nitrogen
:e corrected.
we assume no
e tailpipe, then
am) can be used
iluted tailpipe
I
o
0
0
0
0
ITROGEN COUNTS
ger than DILRAT if
L
ic course of the
a composite of a
very large number of steady-state exhaust compositions each a
an A/F. There is no logical reason to believe that the correct
(which we have no way of knowing) should correspond to a stea-
calculated from '.he overall exhaust gas composition. However
tion appears to be a good one, perhaps because of compensatin
an example, suppose that a car was operating 30 per cent of t!
A/F = 14 (cruise com-'tions), 40 per cent at A/F = 12 (full-thrc
tion), 20 per cent at A/F = 16 (deceleration), and 10 per cent a
The steady-state percentages ••{ CO and CO2 are given below.'
Per cent
30
40
20
10
Totals
A/F
CO
14
12
16
13
37
00
0.30
3.50
3.22,
The A/F from the overall CO is 13. 11 and from the overall CC
agreement within the experimental error of the CO, CO2, A/F
This case represents an extreme set of conditions; the many va
in'the real situation would tend to give an even greater averag?
various modes of operation.
AIR/FUEL RATIO CALCULATION
The equivalent steady-state A/F is estimated from the C
the bag sample using a set of newly derived empirical equatioi
experimental steady-state data in multicylinder engines. (The
presented in Appendix II.) It can be assumed safely that neithe
lost or added by leakage so that the CO/CO2 ratio in the bag sa
as in the exhaust. In the computer program R is the ± -;io of tl
bag CC>2:
R = DECO/DECO2
The concentrated CO£, CECOZi is the steady-state conditions (
corresponding to the ratio of the steady-state CO to the steady-
to R. CECO2 i? obtained from R and the A/F from CECO2.
EFFECTIVE DILUTION RATIO AND CO/COz SCALED DATA
The ratio of the steady-state (concentrated) CO£ to the ba
is another type of scale-up factor. The ratio
EFFDIL = CECO2/DECO2
can be termed an Effective Dilution Ratio. Bag data scaled up
termed
CO/CO2 SCALED DATA
- 6 -
-------
The label in the Comparison Tables is
DATA SCALED UP BY DILUTION RATIO FROM CO/CO2 CALCN.
If the effective A/F, the CO and the CO£ concentrations are in good agree-
ment with the experimental data used as a basis for the correlation, and no air
is added to the system between the combustion chamber and the sampling bag,
eitner accidentally (air-leak) or deliberately (A. I. R. system) then the value of
EFFD.IL should be very close to DILRAT, from the nitrogen counts, and the
value of EFFDIL should not be less than DILRAT. If this should happen, the
value of EFFDIL is shown as a note on the Run Summary sheet and the computer
program automatically sets EFFDIL equal to DILRAT.
The CO/CO2 Scaled Data are an estimate of the combustion chamber
effluents for the effective A/F ratio. If there is no air added, these data
correspond to tailpipe-exhaust conditions. With A.I. R. devices, the concentra-
tion data for all effluents except the oxygen refer to exhaust gases from the
A. I. R. unit corrected for air dilution. A limited amount of proprietary Ethyl
engine data on vehicles with A.I. R. devices support this interpretation.
PER CENT AIR ADDED
The relationship between DILRAT (from the nitrogen counts), EFFDIL
(from the CO/COj; calculation), and the amounts of nitrogen (N), sampler
exhaust (S), and air (A) can be expressed schematically as follows:
DILRAT = • I + • N/S ' = (S + N)/S
EFFDIL = 1. + (N 4- A)/S = (S + N + A)/S
The percentage air, 100 A/(A + S), is calculated from
_.-:—. PCTAIR = 100(EFFDLL - DILRAT)/(EFFDIL - DILRAT + 1)
This quantity is sensitive to the values of DILRAT and EFFDIL; for DILRAT =
3. 3, a 5 per cent change (EFFDIL - 3. 465) corresponds to 14, 2 per cent air.
It is difficult to place limits corresponding to "no added airri conditions for
cars with no device or C.A.P. A value of 10 per cent air on the rich side
arid 20 to 25 p<_- r cent on the lean side are rough estimates, which should not
be taken too seriously in the light of our present knowledge.
EXHAUST/AIR RATIO
The moles exhaust per mole of air depends on the A/F r • "D, the nature
and amount of the hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases, and o" '..\-. C/H ratio of
the fuel. The computer calculations are based on two new empirical equations
which are closely equivalent to values taken from a manuscript curve sheet
received from Walter MacMichael of the Public Health Service on October 25,
1965. Similar curves were presented as Figure 6 of the Detroit A. P. C. A; June
1963 Meeting paper of Smith, Rose and Kruse of the Public Health Service. The
basis is apparently a recalculation of the theoretical calculations of the air-fuel
ratio-exhaust ^as composition by D'Alleva and Lovell.
- 7 -
-------
The empirical equations are for X = 8. 0 to 14. 6
Y = 2.51068 - 0.28372X + 0. 01781X2 - 0. 000396X3
and for X = 14. 6 to 18. 7
Y = 1. 02010 - 0. 01331IX + 0. 000500X2
where X is the air-fuel ratio and Y the moles exhaust per mole carburetor air
(dry basis). Calculated values from these equations, which wore.obtained by
Chebyshev methods, arc very close to the plotted curves.
LB/MILE OF EFFLUENTS
The N£ scaled data are converted to pounds of effluent per mile using the
following molecular weights.
CO
CO2
NOx
HC
28.011
44.Oil
46.008
13.857
(taken as NO2)
per g-atom C
The iiydrocarbon effluent molecular weight of 13..857 per g-atom'C is based on
the ex?^ni?ive analysis of a sample of automotive exhaust given in the paper,
Smog Chemistry Points The \Vay To Rational Vehicle Emission Control, by
John D. Caplan of General Motors Research Laboratories presented at the
August 1965 Vancouver S. A. E. meeting (Paper 650641). The individual com-
pound results are given as pprri (vol/vol) and as mole fraction of total hydro-
carbons in his Table 4. These were converted to gram-atoms C and H.
gram-atoms
C
1. 146
0.238
1.53.6
1.041
3.961
3.949
H
3.058
0.246
1.866
2.082
7.252
7.230
ppm mole fraction of
vol/vol total hydrocarbons
paraffins ' 394 0. 383
acetylenes 118 0. 115
aromatics 206 0. 201
olefins 310 0.304
total 1028 .1.003
scaled . 1.000
The hydrocarbon effluent has the empirical formula C$. 95 Hy-23 or CHj-831
with molecular weight equal to 54. 73. (Note that the molecular weight is roughly
half the value for an average gasoline. )
The multiplying factor for converting standard cubic feet of effluents to
pounds is "
molecular weight/385- 318
where 385. 318 is the SCF exhaust per Ib-mole at 20°C (68°F). The values used
are shown in the sample calculation.
- 8 -
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CALCULATED MILES PER GALLON
The fuel consumption of the vehicle can be approximated by assuming
that all the carbon in the fuel appears in the exhaust as carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide and a mixture of hydrocarbons (based here on FTD and interpreted
as CHi-831). The fuel is taken to be equivalent to CH2 with 61.0° API
gravity (6. 119 Ib/gal). If the effluent emissions are expressed as Ib/mile,
then the miles per gallon equals
6. 119/(1-01227(HC-FID) + 0. 50077{CO) + 0. 31872(CO2))
where the coefficients are molecular weight ratios.
EXAMPLE OF CALCULATIONS. RUN 1H49C
Completely worked-out calculations are now presented for Run 1H49C,
Chevrolet, No Device, Second Repeat Run, Car 8, Houston, First Visit. The
raw data as received by the key-punch operator are shown in Fig. 2. All
calculations have been carried out by hand to simulate the 8-decimal floating-
point arithmetic used in the computer but the values below have, been rounded
to a smaller number of significant figures. Reference will be needed to the
appropriate sections above at times.
• Run 1H49C
Odometer 2068
Miles . 8. 00
Minutes * 20. 64
: Miles/hr 23.26 ;.
. 1
Calibration of integrator.
CPM=0.4 (0.2)(90)M0.4)(181)M0.8)(36Q) s 18Q; „ ' . i,
(0.2)2 + (0.4)2 + (0.8)2
K(5) = 3 sampler number identifies laminar element
CAL(3) = 66.0 CFM at 0. 4 in pressure drop
CFPCT = 0.366 cubic feet/count
Gas temperature corrections.
N 93CF (528/553)1'8 = 0.920
S 93"F (528/553)1'8 = 0.920
C 95°F (528/555)1-8 = 0.914
Pressure corrections.
73°F PWAT = 0.818
PCORR = 29.536/29.92126 = 0.9871
•!:' - 9 -
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PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE SURVEILLANCE
Exhaust Emission
|l 2 3 4 i 6 I 8 9 10 11 I? 13 14 15 16 IMS » ifU 71 22 23 24 25 26 21 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 SI 5? 53 S< 55 56 57 M 59 60 01 6? 63 64 65 66 6) 68 69 70 M nil 74 75 ?6 7? 78 .'9 80]
Scnal
Run No.
ANALYST REPORT
Elapsed
Minulei
Calcd.
MPH
Dilution
Ratio
A/F
Ratio
E>h./Aii
Ratio
Calcd. SCF/Mile
Ait Exhaust
Run Code
. 00
. xt
Z\ \ \
01
Integrator
CPM Counts
• Fitsl •
'*! c
cf 00 0
License
Make
30S9S
cnev
- Ga> Tempciatute Data -
Temp. *F. Cwi.
-Nitrogen
HC-IR HC'FIO
ppmc ppmc
CO CQj
Pet Cent Per Cent
— Dilute exhaust, observed data, •
NOi
ppn
Pei Cent
Run Code
13.0
fcM-S
I it 36rz
02
Samolcr •
Undiluted exhaust, calcd. data. -
-2.1 S 4
f 212
n .
I . o o
2. 1 1 1 % 0
03
Caibuietof -
-Calculated emission weight, It). \a mile. •
Count iuti'«
.0
.
1.
•
•
1 .
o. 13-7
11 1 1 * 0*Z
04
Year
DRIVER REPORT
Vehicle Model Eng. Oisp. Transmission Device? Sampler
Oliver
Analysis
7.S3
1 AOTo
H C
•%
etftde
WAV
Z 1 M 3082.
OS
Mo Day Yr. Time City Amb. Tern
I 3/n/tt
3.oo
H
T3
). Aim. Pi.
[so.ol]
Ret. Hum.
4^-
Pavement
Traffic
Owner
1
1
£S A
i-i M lo n
06
Up lo 5 comment coids con follow. Col. 80
9 in lost cord.
Piioi 200 Mile Service
i
1
•
2 34 5 6 7 3. '.' 1C 11 U13 14 ii li . ..; '. • :. J A 24 25 26 27 23 29 .<•> 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 .',3 4J 45 46 47 48 49 50
CITY
5K5253S4 55 5657 58S960 61 6263 64 65 66 67 6869 70
v I \ 1 3 o ff 2
71 72 73 74 7S 76 77 78
0«*
0
0
0
0
7980
fCO.IJOJ »•»«"««.«*
3DATA
-------
Corrected counts.
N ' (4000)(0. 920)(0. 9871) = 3633
S (1709)(0. 920)(0. 9871} = 1552
C (1732)(0. 9H)(0.9871) = 1563
Check on count ratio. • • '•
1709/1732 =0.987
SCF air per mile.
SCFAIR = (1563)(0.366)/8. 00 = 71.6
Nitrogen dilution ratio.
DILRAT = 1 + 3633/1552 = 3.341
N2 scaled data.
The CO/CO2 scaled data obtained at a later stage are also shown below.
Effluent Bag data NT2 Scaled data CO/COz Scaled data
HC-IR
HC-FID
CO
C02
NOx
°2
645
1235
1.07
3.59.
247"'
0. 30
2155
4293
3.57
11.99
825
1. 00
2209
4401
3.66
12.29
846
ppmc
ppmc
%
%
ppm
%
Air/fuel ratio.
R = bag CO/bag CO2 =. 1.07/3.59 = 0.29805
Equivalent steady-state CO2 = 12. 295 per cent
. Corresponding A/F = 12. 93
Scale-up factor from CO2
EFFDIL = 12.295/3.59 = 3.425
CO2/CO scaled data are calculated from EFFDIL (see above)
since EFFDIL (3.425) exceeds DIL.1AT (3.341)
Per cent air.
The value of EFFDIL is only 2. 5 per cent greater than DILRAT, well
within the error of fit of the basic CO, CO2, A/F data, so that the "per cent
air" is actually meaningless here; its value is
PCTAIR = (100)(0.084)/1. 084 = 7.76%
- 10 -
-------
E/A ratio.
At A/F = 12.93, E/A = 0.964
SCF exhaust per mile.
SCFEXH = (0. 964)(71.6) = 69.0
Pounds effluents per mile.
These are obtained from the
exhaust per mile,
scaled concentration da'ta and the SCF
Effluent
HC-IR
.HC-FID
CO
CO2
NOx
NZ Scaled
2155 ppmc
4293 ppmc
3.57 %
11.99%
825 ppm
Factor
0.03596 x 10~6
0. 03596 x 10-6
0.07270 x 10'2
0. 11422 x lO'2
0. 11940 x ID'6
Ib/mile
0.0053
0.0106
0. 1792
0. 9445
0.0068
Miles per gallon.
Based on the Ib/mile HC-FID, CO, and COz above.
CMPG. = 6. 119/{{l.bl227)(0. 0106) + (0. 50077)(0. 1792)-f-(0.31872)(0. 9445))
= 15.2
.>....,•, • - . i ' • • ...... . . .
A similar calculation based on the CO/CO2 scaled data gives 14,9 mpg.
RUN SUMMARY
The single-page Run Summary presents all the input data a'nd the results
of the computer calculations for each run. It is self-explanatory. Table 2
corresponds to the example. Visit means visit to. that particular city. Car
number is an arbitrary serial number (1 to 99) given to the car used in the tests
for that city and visit. (The ninety numbers are Ethyl-owned cars.) At least
one repeat or replicate run Js made on each r-.r w:th the same serial number.
The particular run is shown below the car number on the Run Summary sheet.
REFURBISHED DATA DECK'
In addition to the Run Summary output the computer generates two data
decks for each run. One is the Refurbished Data Deck which is a replica of
the Edited Raw Data Deck (used for the input) except that each calculated value
(or blank.) has been replaced by the value from the computer program. In addi-
tion, an extra card is included, coded 07 in Columns 79, 80. The make-up of
this deck is illustrated in Fig. 3 which shows the deck displayed on the key
punch form. The cards can be identified using Columns 79, 80. Cards 01, 02,
05, 06, and 09 are the same as in the Edited Raw Data Deck except that newly
- 11 -
-------
EXHAUST EMISSION SURVEILLANCE CONTRACT
SUMMARY FOR RUN 1H49C
GAS TEMP..
«-l 1 T
VISIT
DEVICE
CAR MAKE
SAMPLER
HUUS
1
NONE
CHEV
3
COUNT
NITR 4000
SAMP 1709
DEC. CORR.
93. .920
93. .920
CAR NUMBER 8
CARB 1732 95.
,914
SECOND RUN ON THIS CAR
FROM NITROGEN COUNTS
AMBIENT CONDITIONS
DILUTION RATIO 3.341
TEMP. 73 F
PRESSURE 30.06 IN.
HUMIDITY 64 PCT MILES/GALLON 15.2
ODOMETER 2068
OBS. - MILES 8.000
OBS. MINUTES 20.64
CALC. MlLES/HR 23.26
COUNT RATIO .987
AVE. COUNTS/WIN 180.2
CUB. FT./COUNT .366
SCF AIR/MILE 71.6
FROM CO/C02 CALCN.
AIR/FUEL RATIO 12.93
DILUTION RATIO 3.425
•EXH/AIR RATIO -> .964
SCF EXH/MILE 69.o
MILES/GALLON 14.9
EFFLUENT DILUTE
EXHAUST
....NITROGEN SCALED....
UNDILUTED EMISSION WT.
EXHAUST LB/MILE
.....CO/C02 SCALED.....
UNDILUTED EMISSION WT.
EXHAUST LB/MlLE
HC
HC
NOX
CO
C02
02
NDIR
FID ,
1
1
3
645
285
247
.07
.59
.30
PPMC
PPMC
PPM
PCT
PCT
PCT
2155
4293
825
3.57
11.99
1.00
PPMC
PPMC
PPM
;PCT
PCT
PCT
.0053
*0106
.0068
•
•
1792
9445
2209
^4.01.
. 846
3.66
12.29
PPMC
PPMC
PPM
PCT
PCT
.0055
.0109
.0070
.1837
.9683
30895 CHEV 1966
3/11/66 3.00
H
73 30.
283
06 64
AUTO
NO 3
1
BEANE
3
OUTPUT CARDS FOR FUTURE ANALYSIS OF DATA ARE L I STED BFLOW. . .RUN
2
2209
53
2155
55
1H49C3
.2 90
.4 181
• 8 360
30895
3/11/66
1
4401
106
4293
109
.366
4000
1709
1732
CHEV
3*00
7.8
1
36645
1792
35744
1837
2068
14.9
1
122946
9445
119926
9683
8.000
93.0 .
93.0 .
2
8
846
10022.
68 950000
825
10022
70 950000
20
920
920
95.0 .914
1966
H
15.2
?3 30
• 06
.64 23
645
2209
.0053
283
64
2155
.26 3.
1285
4401
.0106
AUTO
4293
• t -
232558
730000
715580
730000
715580
341 12.
1.07
3.66
.1792
NO 3
1
2068
300600
689546
300600
689546
640000
640000
93 .964 71.6
3.59
12.29
.945
247
846
.0068
BEANE
3.57 11.99
3
825
1H49C
21
21
21
21
21
69.021
.3021
1.0021
.98721
WAY21
GSA21
1.0021
CIYY21
WAY
GSA
CITY
1130B231
11308232
11308233
1130823^
11308235
11308201
1130820?
11308203
H308204
11308205
11308206
11308207
11308209
-------
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE SURVEILLANCE
Exhaust Emission
|l 2 3 4 i 6 7 S 9 1011 4? 13 14 15 15 1718 19 2021 22 23 24 25 <6 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 33 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 «47 48 49 50 51 52 53 5; 55 56 5.' 53 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 6D 69 :: 7: :? ,'j ;; :? .'6 7' 'I :.» f
ANALYST REPORT
Serial •
Run No.
IH «V«f C
-* — fit
O.-L.
°.t
,
6.8
•cor
liir
C
VH.'
(i
ru.
I
ntegrator
PU
1o
V9I
^to
w*** ««*^t
0.3CC
Counts
4000
nor,.,4. Elapsed Calcd. Dilution
Milts ' Minutes UPH Ratio
*l
|
ZOfcg
Ni
«/Vl
IM-.1
| *. 000 Z0.t*| Z3. 16 3.3«f 1
ro{
ncl
ure
Tdup.'F. ; Coff. ppnic pptnc . Ptr(
1^.o . Si-o t'fS [ 1 r?s <
n, - - "*,/<*(l f*^(*A ..— It,
13.o . H-o ^.^o<^ «f.tf«1 3
A/F
Ratio
11.1
j • •..
^>t
lute exhaust
.OT
di kited e»ha«
. t.t
ed emission
1 S .O | ,1l»i .OO53 .Olol ^tTJZ
Eih./Air
Ratio
Calcd. SCF.'llile
Ail Cxtiaust Run Code
3 o.l t^-l f T I .4,
COjj
. Pe»Cent
3. 59
11. til
. 1«f5
t1 .0
i ' . :
'" NQj ' ' Oj '
ppm | Per Cent
Zf 7
21 ( 1 3of Z
Olj
/ .
Run Code
o.^ofzn I so«i
84C
. eots
02;'
J. oo||vi I i 'Jon
03;
Count 30
05;
Mo. Day Yr.
Time
City Amb. Temp. Aim. Pi: Rel.Hua..
Pavement
Traffic
Orniet
j/n/ (.t
^. Oft
H
-73
16 . 0 C
t*
1
' - • *
frSA
Lit » 30 82
06,
-Undiluted uhaust, catci!. data. -
i ».
825
I 06 7. 1 1 1 50
0-7
•Up to S comment cards coti follow. Col. 80
9 in last card.'
Prior 200 Mile Service
II c»™
' ' '
• . . ' ;
F»9. 3 K£'?«*8lSHe3> J>/\TA 3>£CK >o«. KON 1 Hfl C
Z.\ 1 \ Jo f J.
01
0
0
C
0
2 3.4 S 6 7 J 9 1011 1213 14 J5 16 17 1819 2021 22 23 24 ?5 2527 23 29 M 31 32 li 3) ^ 3! 3738 3940 4142 43 44 4546 « 48 49 50 51 525354 5515 57 58 5960 61 6263 64 65 6$ 67 6369 70 7177 7J 74 7576 77 78 79 80
f/ A
-------
computed values are given on Card 01. Card 03 has miles/gal and concentra-
tion data on the CO/CC>2 scaled basis. Card 07 has the same information on
the N2 scaled basis plus the per cent air. Card 04 has Ib/mile effluents on the
N2 scaled basis.
The Refurbished Data Deck is used as the basis of further data handling.
The variable Comparison Tables are prepared using this data deck as the input
to the IBM 1620 Computer Program CITABL which handles data on the 120 runs
on GSA vehicles for each visit to each city.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS DECK
In .addition to the Refurbished Data Deck IBM 1620 Computer Program
TRAILR punches out a special deck for possible future statistical analysis.
These cards are coded with 3 in Col. 79 and are identified by Columns 79, 80.
All quantities are expressed as integers, data as 17, codes as II or 12.
Card coded 31.in Col. 79. 80
Data times 10000, 17.
City code
Visit code .
Device code
Car make code
Replicate-run code
Car number code
Miles per hour
Odometer (data unsealed, 17)
Card coded 32 in Col. 79, 80, all 17
CO/CO2 scaled data
HC IR, ppmc
HC FID, ppmc
CO, per cent times 10000
CO2, per cent times 10000
NOx, ppni
N2 scaled data
O2> per cent times »GOGO
Ambient conditions times 10000
Temperature, °F
Barometric pressure, in.
Relative Humidity, per cent
- 12 -
-------
Card coded 33 in Col. 79. 80, all 17
N£ scaled data
HC IR, Ib/mile
.HC FID, Ib/mile
CO, Ib/mile
CO2, Ib/mile
NOx, ib/mile
Carburetor temperature, °F
SCF air/mile
SCF exhaust/mile
Card coded 34 in Col. 79. 80, all 17
Same as Card 32 but CO/CC>2 scaled
data are replaced by N2 scaled data.
Card coded 35 in Col. 79. 80, all 17
Same as Card 33 but N;> scaled data are
replaced by CO/CC>2 scaled data. (Note that
these CO/CO2 scaled data are the same as
the N2 scaled data for A. I. R. equipped cars. )
- 13 -
-------
APPENDIX I. PROGRAM TRAILR
The FORTRAN listing of IBM 1620 Computer Program TRAILR is shown
as part of this appendix. The programming language is Kingston FORTRAN Hi
an advanced compiler with many "FORTRAN IV" features. Ethyl Corporation
is participating in the field testing of this compiler for the IBM COMMON Users
Group. The program is written in mnemonic coding and is extensively anno-
tated. Note that the majority of the variables are equivalenced to a subscripted
variable X(I)f where I = 2 to 61, in order to facilitate testing and error checking.
Fig. 4 shows the relation between the items on the key-punch form and X{2) to
X{48).
The Run Code identifies each run and is punched in Col. 71 to 78 of all
data cards.
Col. 71. City
1 Minneapolis
2 Denver
3 Houston
4 Phoenix
5 Cincinnati
Col. 72. Visit '
1, 2, or 3
Col. 73. Device
1 No device
2 Device (A.I. R. or C. A. P. )
Col. 74. Car Make
1 Chevrolet
2 Ford
3 Plymouth
Col. 75. Sampler Number
1 to 9
Used to identify the laminar flow
element.
Col. 76, 77. Car number
1 to 10 GSA cars
90 to 99 Ethyl Cars
- 14 -
-------
Col. 78. Repeat run number
Two repeat runs are chosen as repre-
senatative and are numbered 1, 2
The program provides for an initial preload of a number of program
constants. These include abbreviations for city names and car names, laminar
flow element calibrations, and upper and lower limits for the variables and
codes.
- 15 - .
-------
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE SURVEILLANCE
Enhoust Emission
|l 2 3 4 5 t 7 8 9 10II 1? U 14 15 16 1718 19 2(»21 ?? 73 74 ?5 « ?7 78 5 30 31 3? 33 34 35 36 37 38 33 <0 41 4? <3 44 <5 46 47 48 49 50 51?2 53 54 55 56 S7 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 t? 68 69 ?0 71 7? 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 601
' CPU Couni»:J_!
'•.. i "."; . . 1
Fiirt
! i . i i : M ' "• . = i ( '
ANALYST REPORT
• I !
El>pse4 :
Uinuta i
Calcd. . Dilulioo
MPH
Ratio
A/F--' Exh./Air....
Calcd. SCF/Mle
| i ,' Ratio ! ,' , Ratio ' j ! j Aitj ; ( ;
Exhaust
Run Cede
• . (£> (£> '•.• ~j ©. ~~\ . (j) (§)'.•• '•. ®- I (Tj) m\
1< !'i i'lilli'illlli'iiUlYl Ml Mill S'JJJIIMLi
rempeialiiie D»l« • •'• , ' "••" ; HCHR ; ; ; HC-FID; "j '~|| CJ> \\l ; j ' \a^\- j , ,N(j* 'FT
Temp.'F. j ; Con.__l J ppne j j _ppmc '• '• Pet Cenl ; _1_PW Cent_ ' 'con !
'':'';' T ' !1 ''' ! "!'! T'!'!''' piiui^;ob'se;ed'da/..-^n4J^
i , : i i i •I ! i ; • i •""l . I . i : i • • ' ' • ' ' . ' : i i I i i i I i I
: , . -;—;—:—|—;—:—;—;—;—; Undiluted exhaust, calcd. data, i—:—\—;—i :—r-
ll II! i
- : Cu Tempnalue Dill ' "' , ' "'"
Temp.'F. j ; ' C
I . ' : , i"! :' T
— NiUogcn - !
Mo.
. j • i < . • : I ! i i ' • : • • .1 i i l i
>. Day : Yt.: ' Time ; j : ; City Anb. Temp. , Abi. Pt.' ]
i i 11111 M i-11 i l i 11 [liii! MJ JH i j i m j 11 Mi I'M l III
--- : WHR-; ;HC-FIB:~ "!"}"!'^T'tl i '^"Tn'j j "'^'M i I \**\ I i'i'i I I i"T~
' J PP* j ! J>1»* ; ' Pet Ceil ' I_.p*'Cti<_ ' 'con ! • Per CentJ_|._| .Run Code I
T ]'j;"!'! T'! '!'• ''' DJiu^ob'se^da/..' [^\ '"f1^' "\ |'T| |TT|"I' ill 1
) ® ' ® ctg)!.l i (g») i.: : • I- • | i I ! • ' • ! I • i I I | { | ' . i • I I • . I j I I 1 I ( j. I I I |
. ; ——r-;———: T~ Calculated emission weight. Ib. pet liile. —.—H ; • Count Enor I ! ! ' | 1 ! I ' I
II ' ' J } ' ' ' ' ; ' ' I ! ! I I 'I i I ' I •' I I i. M ! ii:.'! I I I
M DRIVJ5R REPORT I ( ! MM | ' " I ;!' j 1 '' [ I' ! [ ' L_
j. Dijp. , j Tiansmissjon '! Device?; famplef : j | • [Difteil | ; ' ' Analysif | '| i , | I j
riri'-|i i,! j.j nri iti'iin i ii i rnvii j \ \\\ ^MIM i I i U-IQJJ
Vii/ •'. I I Xl£/ , '
1 ' : ' ' ' < i I ! I : • ! •
-Calculated emission weight. Ib. pet liile. —:—;—I—
• ; ' | (>*J . | | , ^1V [ |.
-------
*
c
c
*
*
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
JOB
TRAIL';...PHS DATA PROCESSOR
LIST
INDEX
TRAILR GrfT PROJECT 90209
KlNGSTRAN ONLY -
DATA PROCESSOR FOR PHS SURVEILLANCE ...TRAILER...DATA
GEORGE w. THOMSON. ETHYL. DETROIT
APRIL 6. 1966 6 PM
CHECKS THAT RUN CODES OF ALL 4 CARDS ARE ALIKE
CHECKS CARD ORDER
CHECKS THAT OBSERVED VALUES FALL IN A REASONABLE RANGC
RECOMPUTES ALL CALCD. VALUES
NOTE THAT Sw. 1 AND 2 ARE NOT DEPENDENT ON EACH OTHER
SW. 1 ON...EDIT MODE...NO PUNCHED OUTPUT
OFF..PUNCHED CARD OUTPUT
SW. 2 CONTROLS ACTION IF AN ESSENTIAL RUN DATUM IS OUTSIDE RANGE
OR CARDS ARE OUT OF ORDER OR DATA OTHERWISE BAD
ON...NO OUTPUT...GOES TO NEXT RUN
OFF..PAUSE TO PERMIT CORk_CTION AND RELOAD
SW. 2 ALSO CONTROLS ACTION IF ANY DATUM IS OUTSIDE MAGN;TU?ES,
ON...GOES AHEAD WITH OUTPUT ANYWAY
OFF..PAUSE TO PERMIT CORRECTION AND RELOAD
SKIP PUNCH OF SUMMARY IF SW. 3 IS ON
..N2 SCALED.. MEANS DATA SCALED UP BY DILUTION RATIO
BASED ON THE NITROGEN COUNTS
..CO/C02 SCALED,. MEANS DATA SCALED UP BY DILUTION RATIO
BASED ON THE CO/C02 CALCULATION
C=12.011. Orl6, N=lt*.C08. H=1.008
HYDROCARBON....C HI.831 13.857
CO 28*011
C 02 44.011
N 02 46.008
FACTOR = MOL.WT./3flS.31fl
0.03596
0.07270
0.11422
0.11940
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x<
(2)
(3)
u)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
10)
A5
Fl.
F7.
F6.
F7.
F7.
F6.
F6.
F6.
F6.
0
3
0
3
2
2
3
2
3
CFPCT
ODOM
ELMILE
ELMIN
CMPH
DILRAT
AF
EARAT
5-DIGIT RUN NUMBER...KRUN ALPHAMERIC
1-DIGIT SAMPLER NUMBER...KLNO
CUBIC FEET PER COUNT
ODOMETER READING. MILES
ELAPSED MILES
ELAPSED MINUTES
CALCD. MILES PER HOUR
CALCD. DILUTION PATIO
CALCD. AIR-FUEL RATIO
CALCD. MOLAR RATIO OF EXHAUST TO AIP
- 16 -
-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
X(ll)
X(12)
XI13)
X<2U>
X ( 35 )
X(1U)
X<25>
X(36)
X(15)
X(26)
X(37)
X(16)
X(27)
X(38>
X(17)
X(28)
X(39)
X(18)
X(19)
X(20)
X(2D
X(22)
X(23)
X!29)
X(30)
X(31)
X(32)
X(33)
X(3U)
XUO>
X(U1)
X(U2>
X(U3)
XUU)
XU5)
XU6)
XU7)
X ( 4 » )
F6.1
F6.1
F3.1
F3.1
F3.1
KU.O
FU.O
FU.O
F6.0
F6.0
F6.0
F6.1
F6.1
F6.1
F6.3
F6.3
F6.3
F6.0
F6.0
F7.2
F7.2
F7.0
F6.2
F6.0
F6.0
F7,2
F7.2
F7.0
F6.2
F6.U
F6.U
F7.U
F7.3
F7.U
F6.3
SCFAIR
SCFEXH
DELP1
DELP2
DELP2
CPM1
CPM2
CPM3
CTN
CTS
CTC
GTDFN
GTDFS
GTDFC
GTCFN
GTCFS
GTCFC
DEHCIR
DEHCFI
DECO
DEC02
DENOX
DE02
UEHCIR
UEHCFI
UECO
UEC02
UENOX
UEQ2
EWHCIR
EWHCFI
EwCO
EWC02
EWNOX
RATIO
TAMS
PAMB
HUMID
CALCD. SCF/MILE AIR
CALCD. SCF/MILE EXHAUST
INTEGRATOR CALIBRATION PRESSURES... DELTA p.
THE THREE ARE USUALLY
IN THE RATIO 1/2/U
INTEGRATOR CALIBRATION. 'COUNTS PER WIN. '
AT THE THREE PRESSURES
X(13) .X(2U).X(35>
NITROGEN INTEGRATOR COUNTS
SAMPLER INTEGRATOR COUNTS
CARBURETOR INTEGRATOR COUNTS
NITROGEN GAS TEMP. DEG F
SAMPLER GAS TEMP. DEG F
CARBURETOR GAS TEMP. DEG F
NITROGEN GAS TEMP. CORRECTION FACTOR
SAMPLER GAS TEMP. CORRECTIO?; FACTOR
CARBURETOR GAS TEMP. CORRECTION FACTOR
DILUTE EXHAUST HYDROCARBON. . IR'. . .ORS. .PPMC
DILUTE EXHAUST HYDROCARBON. .FI A. .ORS. ,PPMC
DILUTE EXHAUST CARBON MONOXIDE'. . .ORS. . PER
DILUTE EXHAUST CARBON DIOXIDE .'.. .OPS. .PER
.DILUTE EXHAUST NITROGEN OXIDE.'. . .OPS. .PPM
DILUTE EXHAUST OXYGEN ....'.. .OPS'. .PER
SAME AS X(18) - X(23)
BUT ..... .... ,
FOR
UNDILUTED EXHAUST
CALCULATED
SAME UNITS
SAME AS X<18> - X!22)
BUT CALCULATED
"S ' .,.--'
EMISSION WEIGHTS
LB PER MILE .
COUNT RATIO. . .SAMPLER/CARBURETOR
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE.. DEG. F
AMBIENT AIR .PRESSURE. . IN. HG'
PER CENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY
.IN.
-
j.
CENT
CENT
CENT
X(50) TO X(frl)
..CO/C02 SCALED.. VALUES
SEE EQUIVALENCES
K(l) CODE FOR CITY 1.2.3,4.5
K(2) CODE FOR VISIT ..... .1 TO 9
K(3) CODE FOR DEVICE 1.2
K
-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
K(5) CODE FOR SAMPLER 1 TO °
K(6> CODE FOR CAR NUMBER . . . .1 TO °9
K(7) CODE FOR REPEAT RUN . . . .1*2
K(8> CARD SET NUMBER . . . .0 OR 1
KI9) CARD NUMBER IN SET . . . .1 TO 9
DIMENSION X(70),K(20).XLOW(70),XHIGH(70)rKLOW(20).KHIGH<20)
DIMENSION V(5O
DIMENSION ICOVM(IO)
DIMENSION NK5) .N2<5) .N3<3> »NU<3)
DIMENSION C(5)• CMAKE(10)»CITY(10).CAL<9)
JIVALEMCE
-u'JIVALENCE
L3UIVALCNCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
EQUIVALENCE
PRELlMlNARlrS
(X(3).CFPCT)»(
(X(6).ELMIN)r{
.DILRAT),
»DEHCIR)
»DEC02).
.DELP1).
X(S).ELMILE)
X(4),ODOM)
.SCFAIR)
(X
(
(X
(X
!50)
(53)
(57)
(60)
t
»
t
i
»
t
i
t
t
9
t
CTN) .
(
.GTDFN)
GTCFN)
UEHCIR
UECO?)
EWHCIR
EWC02)
RATIO)
TAMB) r
CSCFEX
CECO) •
CWHCIR
CWC02)
,
)
t
)
t
(
)
(
)
,
XI
• (
, (
f (
(
X(
r (
X(
1 (
(X
(X(9) »AF) , (X(
. (X(19) rOEHCFI) , (X(?0) .DECO)
(X(22) .DENOX) » (X(23)«nE02)
(X<2i») rOELP2) . (X(35) »DELP3) .
X(25) »CPM2) . (X(36) »CfM3)
26)rCTS). (X(37).CTC)
X(27) .GTDFS) . ( X ( 3fl).. GTDFC )
(X(39) »GTCFC)
(X(31) .UF.CO)
(XOU) »UE02)
(X(U2) >EWCO)
(X(10) »EARAT)
12) rSCFEXH)
X(28>
X(30) .UEHCFit)
X<33) »UENOX> .
(X(Ql) .EWHCFI)
U) .EWNOX) .
PAMB) » (X(U8) »HUMID)
(X(51 ) .CEHC1R) r (X(52) »CEHCFI)
X(5U) .CEC02) . (X.(55) .'.CENOX)
(X(58> »CWHCFI) » (X(59') »CWCO)
.CWNOX)
C(
C(
C(
C(
C(
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
N2
N2
N2
N2
N2
N3
N<*
1)
2)
3)
U)
5)
( 1 )
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(3)
( U )
(5)
(1)
(1)
z
-
-
—
-
—
~
-
-
r
z
—
—
—
~
-
• —
0
0
0
0
0
N3(2) =
.03596E-6
.03596E-6
.07270E-2
.11422E-2
.119UOE-6
3HFJR
3HSFC .
3HTHI
3HFQU
3HLAT
3HST
3HOf'D
3HRD
3HRTH
3HEP
3HNQN
3HE
3HC.A
- 18 -
-------
N<+(2) = 3H.P.
N3(3) = 3HA.I
N«t(3) = 3H.P.
ASSIGN 9001 TO ICOMM
ASSIGN V003 TO ICOMM<3)
ASSIGN 900"* TO ICOMVU)
ASSIGN 9005 TO ICOMM<5»
ASSIGN 9006 TO ICOMM<6>
ASSIGN 9007 TO icowwm
ASSIGN 9008 TO ICOMM(-M
ASSIGN 9009 TO ICOMM(9)
ASSIGN 9010 TO ICOMM(IO)
9001 FORMAK1X.35H •
1 3UH . »
1 I4.I5.ID
9002 FORMAK1X.35H •
1 U.I5.ID
9003 FORMAK 1X.35H •
1 3UH •
1 H.I5.I1)
900«» FORMAT(1X»35H t
1 . 34H »
1 U.IS.Il)
9005 FORMAK !Xr35H »
1 I«*. I5.M)
9006 FORMAT(1X»35H
1 It*. 15. ID
9007 FORMATl 1X»35H .
1 3UH .
1 I'«*.I5»ID
9008 FORMAK 1X»35H .
1 3UH »
1 l4.I5.Ii:
9009 FORMAK IX. 35H »
1 3UH .
1 It*. 15. ID
9010 FORMAK1X.35H .
1 3UH .
1 It*. 15.11)
GO TO 20
C
C
C I********************************* ***** + ** + *****t**4*****
C
C LOAD OF BASIC DATA... NOT TIED TO THE START OF THE'PROGpAM
C CNDER FOR ALL LOAD SECTIONS IS A BLANK CAPD
C
C DEBUG LIWIT LOAD
C
7700 DO 770U JJ = 1.70
XLOW(JJ) = 0.0001
X(JJ) = 0.0
- 19 -
-------
7704 XHlGH(JJ) r 99999.0
DO 7706 JJ = 1,9
KLOW(JJ) = 1
7706 KHIGH(JJ) = 9
KH1GH16) = 99
PAUSE 7708
C
C LOAD LIST OF CAR NAMES
C
7800 00 :-801 JJ = 1.10
READ 9800,1,CMAKE(I)
9800 FORMAT(I10»5X,A5>
IFCH' 7802.7802,7801
7801 CONTINUE \^?
7802 PAUSE 7802 ^-v^
C
C LOAD LIST OF CITY NAMES M°'°' ""I^B?.*
7804 DO 7805 JJ=1»10
READ 9800»I,C1TY(I)
1F(1) 7806.7806.7805
7805 CONTINUE
7806 PAUSE 7806
C
C LOAD LAMINAp ELEMENT CALIBRATION FACTORS
C FLOW. CFM, AT 0.4 IN. WATER DELTA P
C
7900 DO 7901 JJ =1.9
READ 902»I»GALU)
1F(I) 7902.7902,7901
7901 CONTINUE
7902 PAUSE 7902
C
C
C LOAD LIMIT VECTORS FOR EACH X( ) INPUT VARIABLE
C
8002 DO 8003 JJ=1»70
READ 902»I»XLOW(I).XH!GH(I)
902 FORMAT(I10»2F20.3)
1F(I) 8004,8004,8003
8003 CONTINUE
6004 PAUSE 8004
C
C LOAD LIMIT VECTORS FOR EACH K( ) INPUT VARIABLE
C
8005 DO 8006 JJ=1»20
READ 905.1.KLOWU) .KHIGH(I)
905 FORMATC3I10)
IF(I) 8007,8007,8006
0006 CONTINUE
8007 PAUSE 80Q"1
GO TO 800'/
C
C
C
C
- 20 -
-------
C READ FIRST DATA CARD OF SET OF FOUR
C WITH TEST IF RUN NO. IS IN COL. 1-5 OR 2-6
C
20 READ 915.J
915 FORMATIA1.79X)
IF(J - ]H ». 520.516.520
515 REREAD 916.KRUN, ( X ( I) , 1 = 2,12) . (K '. I! . t-1.9)
916 FORMAT(1X,A5»F1.0,F?.3»F6.0,F7.3.F7.2.2(F6.2»F6.3>
1 511.12.311)
GO TO 522
520 REREAD 920.KRUN.(X
KODEC = K(9)
C
TYPE 928»KRUN
928 FORMAT(3HRUN»2X.A5)
C
IF(10*K(8) * KODEC - 1) 22*28.22
C
22 TYPE 922.KODEA. KODEB.KODEC
922 FORMATl UHC6RD.I6rI5»II•13H OUT OF ORDER)
C
C ABORT RUN
C
2U IF(SENSE SWITCH 2) 1125.27
c
C SW. 2 ON...NO OUTPUT FOR THIS RUN...GO TO NEXT RUN
C
1125 IFJKODEC - 9) 25.26.25
25 READ 925.KODEC
925 FORMAT(79X.I1)
IF(KODEC - o) 25.26.25
26 TYPE P26
926 FORMAT(7HSKIPPED)
GO TO 20
C
C SW..2 OFF...PAUSE TO PERMIT RELOAD
C
27 PAUSE 27
GO TO 20
C
28 KA = KODEA
KB = KODEB
C FOR CHECK OF THE RUM CODES ON SUCCFFDING CAPOS
C
C READ SECOND CARD OF SET OF FOUR
C
30 RE.AO 930»(X(I) .I±13,23) .KODEA,KODEB.KODEC
930 FORMAT(F3.1,F^.O.F6.0,6X.F6.1.F6.3.2F6.0.2F7.?.F7.n,F6.?.
1 IU.I5.I1)
IF(KODEC - 2) 22.34,22
3
-------
c
C READ THIRD CARD OF SET OF FOUR
C
i+O READ 930i (X( I) . 1=24,34) .KODEA,KODEB,KODEC
IFCKODEC - 3> 22.UU.22
<4H IF(KODEA - KA) 22.«46'22
U6 IFCKODEB - KB) 22»50«22
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
READ FOURTH
50
950
54
56
57
59
READ 950.
FORMAT (F3
1
IF(KODEA
IF(KODEB
IF(KOOEC
NCOMM = 2
(
•
X(
1.
14
CARD
I).
F«+.
.15
- KA)
- KB)
-
4
READ COMMENT
)
OF
1 = 35.
0.
.1
22
22
22
F6.
1)
.56
,57
,59
SET
45) *
0.6X
.22
.22
• 22
CARDS WITH
OF
FOUR
KODEA,
.F6
RUN
.1,
KODEB. KODEC
F6.3.2F6.4.F7.4.F7.3*F7.i4,F6.3,
DATA
11 READ 9001.KODEA,KODEB,KODEC
IFtKODEA - KA) 22.12*22
12 IF(KODEB - KB) 22.13*22
13 IF(KODEC - 5) 22.14.22
C
14 READ 9002.KOOEA,KODEB.KODEC
IFUODEA - KA) 22.15*22
15 IF 122,123*22
122 CONTINUE
I = 10
123 NCOMM r I .
C
C
C
c THE FOUR CARDS ARE IN ORDER AMD HAVE SAME RUN CODE
C THERE ARE NCOMM COMMENTS CARDS AFTER THE FOUR
C CARD SIX INCLUDES AMBIENT CONDITIONS.DATA
C
C
C
- 22 -
i
-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
60
62
NOW TEST THAT DATA LIE IN A REASONABLE RANGE
XLOW OR KLOW MEANS SMALLEST VALUE CONSIDERED TO. RF A VALID INPUT
XHIGH OR KHIGH MEANS LARGEST VALUE CONSIDERED TO RE A VALID INPUT
THESE WERE PRELOADED
TEST CODES
DO 66 1=1.7
IF
-------
704 CONTINUE
C
DO 709 1=18.21
IF(X(I) - XLOw(D) 708.707,707
707 IF(X(I) - XHIGH(I)) 709.709.708
708 TYPE 9703,KPUM.I.X(I)
KNG = 1
709 CONTINUE
c : .
IF(X(6> - XLOw(6)> 706*705,705
705 IF(X(6)-XHIGH(6)) 710.710,706
706 KNG = 1
1 = 6
TYPE 9703. KRUN,I,X(6)
C
C CHECK SAMPLER NUMBER
C
710 JJ = X(2)
IF(JJ - K(5)) 712,714,712
712 TYPE 9712, KRUN,JJ.K(5)
9712 FORMAT(3HRUN'.2X.A5»2X,
1 22HBAD SAMPLER NO. X<2) =,I3»7H K(5) =,13)
KNG =1
C •••:•.
C CHECK RUN NlJMRER
C
7m IFtKRUN - 5H )68»716,68
716 TYPE 9716
9716 FORMATdOHNO RUN NO. )
KNG = 1
C -'
C CHECK AMBIENT BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
C
810 IFJPAMB - 21.0) 814•814,R12
812 IFtPAMB - 32.0.) 68,814,814
814 TYPE 9814, KRUN.PAMB
9814 FORMAT(3HRUNf2X,A5.
1 24H wEATHER BUR. BAR. PR. =,F6.2.13H OUT OF
KNG =1
C .
68 IF(KNG) 24.70,24
C . .
70 KBAD = o .
DO 82 1=2.48
C
C TEST FOR MAGNITUDE..MAKE KBAD=1 IF ANY VALUE TS NG
C
76 IF(X( D-XLOwd) ) 80,78.78
78 IF(X( H-XHiGH(I) ) 82.82,80
C .
80 TYPE 980, KRUN,I»X(I),XLOW(I),XHIGH(I)
980 FORMATC3HRUN»2X,A5»3H X(»I2»3H) =,
1 F11.4.4H NOT,F11.4»3H TO.F11.U)
KBAD .= 1
C
82 CONTINUE
- 24 -
-------
85 IF(KBAO) 66.89.86
C
C SW. 2 ON...GO AHEAD EVEN IF A MAGNITUDE IS BAD
C SW. 2 OFF..TO THE RELOAD :
C .
86 IFtSENSE SWITCH 2) 88.27
88 TYPE 988
98fl FORMAT!13HMAGNITUDE BAD)
C
C SW. 1 ON FOR EDIT MODE..NO CALC. OR OUTPUT
C
89 IFtSENSE SWITCH 1) 20,90
C
C ft*************************
I
C NO VALUES BAD OR SW. 2 IS ON j
C ALL CALCULATED VALUES ARE REPLACED BY RECALCULATIONS. •'
C • ' • • . ' ' i
C . • ' I
C DEVICE CODES...MX
C MX = 1 NO DEVICE i
C. MX = 2 C.A.P. j
C MX = 3 A.I.R. ;
c - ;-
90 IF(K(3) - 1) 91,91.92 ',
91 MX = 1 •,. .,., i
GO TO 95
92 IF(K«4) - 2) 9U.9U.93 |
93 MX = 2 .,...-.
GO TO 95 i
9U MX = 3 !
95 FFDIL =0.0 i
KLNO = XI2> )
C LEAST-SQUARES AVERAGING OF INTEGRATOR CALIBRUION ' j
C DOES NOT REQUIRE THAT DELP1,DELP2,DELP3 BE IN 1/2/& RATIO ;
C . •,- ...-,.- •• j
100 CPM = O.U*(nELPl*CPMl+DELP2»CPM2+DELP3*CPM3> i
1 /(DELP1**2*DELP2**2+DELP3**2) i
C 'I
C CALd) IS FLOW»CFW, OF LAMINAR ELEMENT! I) AT O.U IN. ir.LtA P !
C SAMPLER MUST HAVE SAME I AS ELEMENT !
C CAL(I> PRELOADED ' ' j
C ' - • '
102 CFPCT = CAL(K(5)J/CPM '
C
C AVERAGE MILFS PER HOUR i
C t;
110 CVPH : 60.0*ELMILE/ELVIN "
C
C CORRECTION TERM = (523/(TEMP+U60))**1.8
C
DO iui* i=i6,3fl»ii ;
X(I + 1) = (528.0/(X(I)+i*60.0) )«*1.80
- 25 -
-------
387 W = 0.20591289 + 6,7967068*R
CEC02 = (W + SORT (W*W - 5.6fl9810i*R))/R
GO TO 392
388 IF(R) 389,389,390
389 CEC02 = 11.700
GO TO 392
390 W = -0.26875 + 7.2<*3635*R
CEC02 = (W * SORT (W*W + 6.2887576*R))/R
C ' •
c
C CAP = A/F RATIO PROW CECO
C
392 CECO = R*CEC02
1F(CECO - 2.2) 393»39<*r39«*
393 CAF s 12.42546 + 2.9963/fCECO + 0.5375)
GO TO 281
39H CAF = It.U - 0.«»*CECO
C
C CALCULATE EXHAUST/AIR MOLE RATIO
C GWT EQUATIONS FROM" P.HS MANUSCRIPT CURVE
C SIMILAR TO FIG. 6 OF SMlTHr ROSE» AND KRUSE PAPER
C
281 IF(CAF - m.6) 282»282»28U
282 CEARAT = 2.51068 - CAP*( 0.28372 - CAF*(0.01781 - 0'. 0003Q6*CAF) )
GO TO 286
281 CEARAT = 1.02010 - CAF*(0.013311 - 0.000500*CAF>
C
C CALCULATE EXHAUST VOLUME SCF PER MILE
C
286 CSCFEX = SCFAIR*CEARAT
C
C EFFDIL...DILUTION RATIO FROM CO./C02 CALCN.
C USED AS SCALING-FACTOR TO GET ..CO/C02 SCALED.. DATA
C PROVIDED THAT IT IS NOT SMALLER THAN DILRAT
C
EFFDIL = CEC02/DECOP
FFOIL = EFFDIL
C
C IF EFFDIL IS LESS THAN DILRAT, MAKE EFFDIL = DILRAT
C
IFiEFFDIL - DILRAT) 287*395.395
287 EFFDIL = DILRAT
C
C ..CO/C02 SCALED.. UNDILUTED-EXHAUST-CONCENTRATIONS
C FROM A SCALE-UP OF DILUTE-EXHAUST.DATA BY EFFDIL
C
395 PCTAIR = 100.0*(EFFDIL - DILRAT)/(EFFDIL - DILPAT + 1.0)
DO 396 I =18,22
396 XU + 33) = EFFDIL*X(I)
C
C UNDILUTED EXHAUST...LR/MILE
C
"400 DO 402 I = l»5
X(I+39) = C(I)*CSCFEX*X(I>28)
<*02 X
-------
c
C PRESSURE CORRECTION TO DRY GAS AT 1 ATM
C
PWAT r 10.0**(6.767183 - 3213.2U552/(TAMB * 395.8))
PCORR = (PAMB - 0,01*HUMlD*PWAT)/29.92126
C . . .
C COUNTS CORRECTED FOR TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
C
CCTN = CTN*GTCFN*PCORR
CCTS = CTS*GTCFS*PCORR
CCTC = CTC*GTCFC*PCORR
C
C CHECK ON SAMPLER TO CARBURETOR COUNT RATIO
C
150 RATIO = CTS/CTC
C
C CALCULATE AIR VOLUME SCF PER MILE
C
160 SCFAIR = CCTC*CFPCT/ELMILE
c
C CALCULATE DILUTION RATIO FROM NITROGEN AND SAMPLER COUNTS
C
200 DILRAT s 1.0 + CCTN/CCTS
C
C SCALE UP DILUTE-EXHAUST DATA BY DILUTION RATIO TO GET
C ...N2 SCALED... UNDILUTED-EXHAUST VALUES
C .
220 DO 226 1=18,23
226 X(l*ll)= DILRAT*X(I)
C • - -
C CALCULATE A/F RATIO FROM CO/C02 RATIO
C USING D ALLEVA AND LOVELL AND RECENT PHS EXPTL. DATA
C NEW GWT EQUATIONS...MARCH 1, 1966
C •..„•''
C CO DECREASES TO ZERO AT A/F = 18.0
C C02 CURVES ROUNDED WITH MAX. AT 13.U8 PER CENT C02» A/F t 1U.13
C .
c RICH MEANS co ABOVE 1.22 PER CENT..A/F = in.13
C CO/C02 RATIO ABOVE 0.09053
C
C STEADY-STATE-EQUILIBRIU'-' CO AND C02 FROM BAG CO/BAG CO?
C THAT IS...CECO AND CECC2 FROM R = DECO/DEC02
C ' ' .
3UO R = DECO/DEC02
380 IF(R - 0.197D 3R2»381»381
381 CEC02 = 22.875/U.5625 + R)
GO TO 392
382 IF(R - 0.1669) 3RU.383.383
383 W = 1.910-5 + 6.9*R
CEC02 = (W - SORT (W*W - 51.72305*R))/R
GO TO 392
38U IF(R - 0.09053) 386»385»3fi5
385 W = 3.0892766 + 7.3513157*R
CEC02 = (W - SORT (W»W - 8U.77t705*R))/P
GO TO 392
386 IFIR - 0.05UU6) 388,387.387
- 27 -
-------
C CALCULATE MILES PER GAL. 61.0 API GRAVITY
C FUEL TAKEN HERE TO .RE CH2 MW = IU.027 PER ATOM C
C HYDROCARBON EFFLUENT MW = 13.R57 PER ATOM C
C
332 UMPGAL = .6.119/(1.01227*EWHCFI + 0.31872*EWC02 «• 0.50077*EwCO)
CMPGAL = 6.119/<1.0l227*CwHCFI *• 0.31872*CWC02 + 0'.50077*CWCO>
C - • ,
C .
C SCALE RESULTS FOR OUTPUT CARDS
C
420 Z = 10000.0
R = 0.5
AF = CAF
EARAT = CEARAT
SCFEXH = CSCFEX
C
V(l) r Z*X<7) + R
V12) = Z*X(11) + R
V(3) = Z*X(12) * R .
C
DO <*30 1 = 6*36
«*30 V( I) = Z*X(I*25) ••• R
C
DO U35 I=U»26.22
V( I) = X(l*25) * R
V( 1*1) = X(I + 26). + R
U35 Vfl + U) = XU + 29) * R
C
IF(X(U6» U36.1i+0.440
i*36 V(21> = Z*X(i+6) - R
C • • . -.....•
C FORMAL.EQUALITY OF EMISSION WEIGHTS AND MILES PER GAL.
C FOR THE A.I.R. SYSTEM EQUIPPED CARS
C • ._...,-..
IF(MX - 2) 1092. 1092.
J') 444 Irl5.19
•v; 1 + 17) = v( i)
X(I+42> = X(I+25)
CMPGAL = UMPGAL
C
C
C
C .
C SKIP PUNCH OF SUMMARY IF SW. 3 IS ON
C
1092 IF(SEUSE SWITCH 3) 1115.6000
C
C ' ' .
C RUN SUM?---*-' Ol'TPUT
C
C
9991 FORMAT(lHl)
6000 PUNCH 9600
9600 FORMATdHl. 13X.41HETHYL CORPORATION - PUBLIC HEALTH SFn>VlCF.)
PUNCH 9601
9601 FORMAT!16X.38HEXHAUST EMISSION SURVEILLANCE CONTRACT/)
- 28 -
-------
PUNCH 9602.KRUN.ODOM
9602 FORMAT: 16H SUMMARY FOR RUN. 2x.A5»25x.8HODOMETFR.il<»)
PUNCH 9603.ELMILE
9603 FORMAT <35X,9HGAS TEMP.»tX.llHOBS. MILES»F11.3)'
PUNCH 960U.CITY(K(1)).ELMIN
960»* FORMAT(5H CITY.8X.A5» 17X.10UH. ) .16H 08S. MINUTES»FQ.2)
PUNCH 9605»K<2) .CMPH - •-•- "-•
9605 FORMAT(6H VISIT. 19, 13X. 3<4HCOUNT DEG. CORR. CALC. M!|_FS/HR»
1 F8.25
PUNCH 9606»N3(MX)rNU(MX).RATIO
9606 FORMATC7H DEVICE.7X,2A3«28X,11HCOUNT RATIO.Fll.3)
PUNCH 9607»CMAKE(K(£;) ) . CTN,GTDFN.GTCFN.CPM
9607 FORMAT(9H CAR MAKE. MX , A5. 5'X. 4HNITR. 16. F5. O.F6. 3» UX»
1 15HAVE. COUNTS/MIN.F7.1)
PUNCH 9608^K<5>.CTS.GTDFS.GTCFS.CFPCT
960fl FORMATC8H SAMPLER.17.8X.^HSAMP.I6.F5.O.F6.3.4X»
1 1UHCUB. FT./COUNT.F8.3)
PUNCH 9610.K(6> .CTC.GTDFC.GTCFC.SCFAIR .. ... •
9610 FORMATdlH CAR NUMBER. 14.8X. UHCARB. I6..F5. O.F6". 3.4X* .
1 1PHSCF AIR/MILE»F10.1/)
PUNCH 9612.N1(K(7)),N2(K(7)) J
9612 FORMATUX.2A3.16H RUN ON THIS CAR/)
TF(K(7) - 2) 613.613.612
612 K(7) r 2
613 PUNCH 9613
9613 FORMAT122X.20HFROM NITROGEN COUNTS.6X.
1 IflHFROM CO/C02 CALCN./1
1614 PUNCH 8617.CAF
8617 FORMAT(19H AMRIENT CONDITIOrgS. 30X.
i IUHAIR/FUEL RATio>F7.2)
618 PUNCH 9618.D1LRAT.EFFDIL -
9618 FORMAT(18X.2(5X< 1<4HOILUTION RATIO.F7.3))
1619 PUNCH 8619.TAVB.CEARAT
8619 FORMAT(6H TEMP..4X. I5.2H F.32X. " :
1 1UHEXH/AIR RATIO.F7.3)
PUNCH 8620.PAVR.CSCFEX
8620 FORMAT(9H PRESSURE.F6.2.UH IN..30X,
1 12HSCF EXH/MILE.F9.1)
IF (MX - 2) 621.621.1621
1621 PUNCH 8621.HUMID.UMPGAL •
6621 FORMAT19H HyMIDITY.16.4H PCT.30X.
1 12HMILES/GALLON.F9.1//)
GO TO 1622
621 PUNCH 9621»HUMID»UMPGAL»CMPGA|_
9621 FORMAT(9H HUMIDITY. 16. «4H. PCT.
1 2UX.12HMILES/GALLON.F9.1.1X)//)
1622 PUNCH 8622
PUNCH 9622
PUNCH 9623
8622 FORMAT(22X.c3H....NITROGEN SCALED.....
1 3X.23H CO/C02 SCALED >
9622 FORMAT!19H EFFLUENT DILUTE ,2(26H UNDILUTED EMISSION wT.
9623 FORMAT(11X.7HFXHAUST.?;26H EXHAUST LB/MILE )/)
IF(MX -. 2) 62U.62U. 162<+
162«* PUNCH 962U.DEHCIR. V(U) .EWHCIR, V<26)
PUNCH 9625»DEHCF-I,V(5) . EWHCFI. V(27)
- 29 -
-------
1
I
PUNCH 9626»DENOX.V<8) .tV.'MOX. V( 30) j
PUNCH 9112 ' j
PUNCH 9627.DECO.UECO.EWCO.CECO |
PUNCH 9628.DEC02.UEC02-EWC02.CEC02 •
60 TO 629 !
624 PUNCH 962U.DEHCIR.VU).EWHlIR,V(26).CWHCIR !
962<4 rORMAKSH HC NDIR.I6.5H PPMC.2U8.5H PPMC. F10.4. 3X) ) - ,
PUNCH 9625»DEHCFI,V<5).EWHCFI,V(271.CWHCFI 1
9625 FORMATC7H HC FID.I7.5H PPMC.2U8.5H PPMC.F10.4.3X)T !
PUNCH 9626»DENOX.V<8>»EWNOX.V(30».CWNOX )
9626 FORMATUH NOX.I10.UH PPM.2F11.2»«+H PCTiF9.2«UH PCT//) \
IFJFFDIL - DlLRAT) 630»1108.110ft ' ;
630 PITCH 9630»FFOlL»DILRAT I
9630 FORM/>T(32H OIL. RATIO FROM CO/C02 CALCN. =>F6.3>
1 14H IS LOWER THAN.F6.3.21H FROM NITROGEN COONTS//J
C -• -;'
C PUNCH COGENT CARDS IF'ANY DELETING THE CODtS :
C
9112 FORMAT(1H ) '
1106 IFiNCOMM) Ili5»1115.1109 j
1109 DO 1110 Irl.NCOMM ;
1110 PUNCH ICOMM(i) ,.,.,...-
C :
C •-• . .....,-. .'• •• ;
C *»»** o»* »**«* + *$ * * + $ + ****** + ******»**»***»** + ****<<*$***«»» * *$+***»
C ' ' : . '' :
C PUNCH OUTPUT USED AS INPUT FOR DELS PROGRAM ;- f
C AND.AS INPUT FOR ANOVA j
C - !
1115 PUNCH 9115»KRUN !
9115 FORMAT(/«*1H10U1PUT CARDS FOR FUTURE ANALYSIS OF DATA* ;
1 23H ARE LISTED BELOW.,.RUN»?X.A5/) ;
c - . r • ' ,....;..
C CITY.VlSIT.DEVlCErCAR MAKErPEPEAT RUN.CAR NO..MPH.ODOMETER
C
8120 PUNCH 9120. (K(I) .1=1.<+) .K(7) ,K(6) .V(l) .X(4).KA.KB/10 ;
9120 FORMAT(I3.5I7,4X,2I7.14X.2l4.2H3D " j.
C
C PER CENT UNDILUTED EXHAUST..HClR.HCFIDrCO.C02»NOX.02
C SCALED SO THAT OUTPUT IS IN PP^1
C ..CO/C02 SCALED.. DATA •'
C THEN AMBIENT CONDITIONS :
C
PUNCH 8121. '.V( I) .1 = 26.30) ,V( 9). (V< I) .1 = 21.23) .KA.KB/10
8121 FORMAT(9I7.7X,2IU.2H32) .
C
C EMISSION WEIGHT. LB/M1LE....HCIR.HCFIO.CO.C02.NCX :
C SCALED TIMES 10000
C ..N2 SCALED.. DATA -
- 30 -
-------
C CARBURETOR TEMPERATURE.SCFAIR.CSCFEX
C
PUNCH 9122..V<2>»V(25)»KA,KB/10
9122 FORMAT(8I7»1UX.2I<4,2H33> \
C -
C PER CENT UNDILUTED EXHAUST..HCIR.HCFIP,CO.C02.NOX.02
C SCALED SO THAT OUTPUT IS IN PPM
C . ,N2 SCALED.. DATA
c THEN AMBIENT CONDITIONS
c •
PUNCH 9121., 1 = 32.36),V(13).V(2)»V<25>»KA.KR/10 J
9125 FORMAT<8l7.1UX,2li+»2H35//)
C
c . . „,'•-..'•
C MAKE THE REFURBISHED DATA DECK
C USUAL CARD 03 HAS ..CO/C02 SCALED.. UNDlLUTED-EXRAIJST-CONCN*
C SPECIAL CARD 07 HAS . .N2 SCALED.;. UNDILUTED-EXHAUST-COMCN*
C THAT 13. TAlLPIPE-EXHAUST-CONCN.
C USUAL CARD 04 HAS ..N2 SCALED.. EMISSION WT.-LB/MlLE
C
7t*0 PUNCH 9721.KRUN. (X( I) . 1 = 2.7) .DILRAT.CAFrCEARAt.J^ 1.1) »X(FO) »KA»KB_,_
PUNCH 9722.(X(I).1=13.23).KA.KB ' -
roNCH 9723. ( X ( I) . Ir2<*, 26) . CMPGAL. X < 27) . X (28) » V(26> »V( 27) .
1 X(53) ^(Si*'.V(30! .X(3U) .KA.KB '' ', ;
PUNCH 972U.(X(I).1=35.45).KA,KB
9721 FORMAT(1X,A5. Il.F7.3.I6.F7.3.»r7.2.2(F6.2.F6.3) .
1 2F6.1.I4,I5f1H1)
9722 FORMAT (F3.1. I«*, 16, F12.1. F&. 3. 2l6.2F7.2. 17. F6.2. I«*'tl5»lH?)
9723 FORMAT (F3.1, lU. 16, F&. 1 »F6. 1, F&. 3, 216, 2F7.2. 17. F&. 2. IU . I«5» 1H3J
9727 FORMAT(7X,F6.1,F6.1,12X»2I6,2F7.2, I7.F6.2, I«*. I5.1H7)
972U FORMAT (F3.1. Iu. 16. F12.1, F&. 3.2F6. U .F7.4 , F7. 3.F7.U.F6.3* IQ t Ifi» 1HU)
725 I = 5
PUNCH 9001,KA,KB,I
1 = 6 '
PUNCH 9002.KA,KB,I
PUNCH 9727,PCTAIR,UMPGAL»VC*),V(5).X(3J).X(32)»V
-------
Preload for Computer Program TRAILR
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
32
33
34
35
36
?7
38
CHFV
FORD
PLYM
OENV
HOUS
MtNN
PHNX
CINC
66*0
63.0
66.0
63.0
0.0001
1.0
0.0
50.00
7.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.i •
70.0
1000.0
-20.0
0.0
150.0
200.0
0.0
1.5
30.0
0.1
0.3
170.0
100.0
-20.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
300.0
100.0
-20.0
99999.0
9.0
1.0
30000.0
9.0
30.0
50.0
6.0
20.0
1.4
200.0
200.0
0.3
110. 0
8000.0
120.0
>.0
2000.0
3000.0
5.0
10.0
2000.0
5.0
0.5
. 200.0
4000.0
120.0
2.0
5000.0
9999.9
in. n
20.0
20.0
o.<»
400.0
4 000.0
120.0
- 32 -
-------
o.i
°»i
0.6
°'° 2-0
°'° o.i.
0.0 1<2
-30-° 120.0
21*° 32.0
o.o 100.0
1 1 6
2 1 9
3 1 2
* 1 3
5 1 9
6 1 99
7 1 2
8 0 1
9 1 9
- 33 -
-------
APPENDIX II. STEADY-STATE CO, COz. A/F RELATIONS
The usual method of relating the exhaust gas composition to the air-fuel
ratio (A/F) in an internal combustion engine is by means of a theoretical
relationship similar to the calculations of B. A. D'Alleva and W. G. Lovell,
S.A.E. Journal, J58, No. 3, 90-98, 116(1936). The C/H ratio of the fuel must
be known as well as the amount and C/H ratio of hydrocarbon effluents. A
water-gas equilibrium constant must also be assumed at some equivalent
temperature. Systematic deviations from these "theoretical" curves have been
noted both for single-cylinder and multicylinder engines. In the D'Alleva-
Lovell work (abbreviated D'A-L below) the rich-side CG£ was too high by
about 0.5 per cent, and the lean-side CC>2 was too low by as much as 1. 0
per cent. The CO was too low by as much as 0. 5 to 1.0 per tent and both
oxygen and CO were observed on both sides of the "stoic.iiometric" limit.
A different approach has beefTtaken in this investigation. Experimental
CO and CO£ data are correlated against experimental A/F for two sets of
multicylinder engine data. These comprised 49 data points from D'A-L and 27
data points obtained with a 283 cu. in. Chevrolet engine using Indolene and also
a "commercial regular" fuel (9 other data points using isooctane were not used).
Thsse were sent by L. C. Broering, Jr. to C. Walcutt on Feb. 21, 1966 and
are said to be the best data obtained at the Public Health Service at Cincinnati.
(These are designated LCB below.)
This collection of 73 data points is believed to be a good representative
sample of multicylinder engine data as a whole. The newer data provide an
excellent confirmation of the older work. , ......
A plot of the CO data vs A/'F showed that the D'A-L data had consider-
ably less spread than LCB, that the two sets of data were in general agreement,
and that both confirmed the presence of CO on the "lean" side. The CO de-
creased steadily and was still appreciable up to about A/'F = 18. 0. Two
empirical equations gave an adequate representation.. For A/F ratios up to
about 13. 52 a straight line was adequate
Y = 14.4 - 0.40 X (1A)
where X = 2. 2 to 13. 5% CO and Y is A/F for the range 9. 00 to 13.52. After
careful consideration of the plotted data for the higher A/F it was decided
that a smooth curve could be drawn which would contact the line at 2. 2% CO
and become zero at A/F • 18. 0. The curve is represented by the hyperbola
Y = 12.42546 + 2. 9963/(X + 0.5375). (IB)
where X = 0. 0 to 2. 2% CO and Y is A/F for the range 13.52 to 18. 0.
Examination of a plot of the CO£ data showed that the CO£ - A/F rela-
tionship was not well defined, especially above A/F =13. Near the peak
(between A/F - 14 and 15), the spread in the CO£ content was t 1.0%. The
- 34-
-------
shape of the theoretical curves was kept in mind in choosing the following
four-part representation for CC>2 which gives the greatest weight to D'A-L.
X = 6tol3%CO2; Y = A/F = 9 to 13. 375 (ZA)
Y = 5.25 + 0.635X
X = 13. 00 to 13.48% COz; Y = A/F = 13.375 to 14. 13 (2B)
Y = 12.8716 + 0.4027/{13.8 - X)
X = 13. 48 to 13. 30% CO2: Y = A/F = 14. 13 to 14.80 (2C)
Y = 15. 5817 - 0. 30485/(13.69 - X)
X = 13. 30 to 11. 7Vo COz; Y = A/F = 14.80 to 18. 0 ' (2D)
Y = 41.4 - 2.0 X .
. Equations 2A and 2D were fitted first and provide a reasonable repre-
sentation except for the region near 14 to 15 A/F. These equations intersect
at A/F = 13.86 and 13. 77% CC>2. The sections near the top were approximately
rounded off by eye. The curved section was fitted by two intersecting hyper-
bolas, equations 2B and 2C which contact the two lines reasonably. The match
point of 2B and 2C is 13.48% CO2 and A/F = 14; 1 3;~calculated CO = 1.2203%.
The equations above can also be expressed in terms of CO2 from CO/CO2"
at the same A/F ratio. The five relationships are shown in the attached table.
They correspond to the simultaneous solution of equations:
1A for CO and 2A for CO2 Rich
1A for CO and 2B for CO2 Rich
IB for CO and 2B for CO2 Rich
IB for CO and 2C for CO2 Lean
IB for CO and 2D for CO2 Lean
In using these relations, the criterion of "Lean" given in Rule 1 10 satisfactory.
It is based on the match point of equations 2B and 2C.
Rule 1
When using the CO/CO2 relations, the "Lean" criterion is
CO/CO2 less than 0.09052.
- 35 -
-------
Air/Fuel ratio
range
9. 000
to
13.375
CO/CO2
range
2.25
to
0.197115
Equation for Y =
•v.9 function of. X = CO/CO2
Y = 22.8757(1.5625 + X)
13.375
to
13.520
0.197115
to
0. 166933
W = 1.9105 + 6.9X
Y = [W - /N/V
- 51.72305XJ/X
13.520
to
14.130
0.166933
to
0.090526
W = 3.0892766 + 7.3513157X
Y = [ W -*\/W2 - 84.778705X]/X
14.130
to
14.800
0.090526
to
0.054462
W = 0.20591289 + 6. 7967068X
Y = [W + /\/W2 - 5.6898101X]/X
14.800
to
18.000
0.054462
to.
0.000000
W = -0.26875 + 7.243635X
Y = [W +
+ 6.2887576X]/X
Tables 3 ^nd 4 show.the experimental CO, CO£ and A/F data and calcu-
lated values and deviations for A/F from CO, A/F from COz, A/F from
CO/COz, and COz from CO/COz. 86% of the differences between observed
A/C and thaf calculated from CO/CO^ lie within 0. 7 units with 62% within 0. 3
units. The poorest fit is on the lean side at high A/F, where the scatter of the
data is wide. However, the effect on the exhaust/air (E/A) ratio is small. On
the lean side E/A changes by less than 0. 004 per A/F. On the rich side, E/A
changes by about 0. 03 per A/F. If the lean side error of fit is taken to be
about 1. 0 unit in A/F, this corresponds to 0. 004 in E/A. On the rich side the
value is 0. 4 unit in A/F corresponding to about 0. 012 in E/A. On the whole,
the error in the Ib/mile of effluents is thus less than one per cent because of
the uncertainty in estimating the air-fuel ratio.
- 36 -
-------
-------
•U-
•t-H-
tr.t:
iicit
St
rm-
4TT-
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±
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Wf
di
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i
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:h
ffit
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tt
tt
s
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iiix
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j.i.l-
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a
-H-t!
rrh
4
itt
4
.»•-.»-
:1
1 1 1
10
IT-
If
iff
-------
D'Alleva and Lovell measurements.
.\'o.
i
2
3
•;.
6
7
^
9
10
1
2
3
,\
',
9
10
11
12
13
1U
1
2
3
:,
5
6
7
c
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
1C
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
CO
7.2
'3-9
2 ""*
ols"
4.o
C.I
?.2
10.5
2 . '•'.
3-3
U.3
6.6
B.I
.".9 '
li.k
11.3
2.1.
1-5
0.6
0.9
0.''.
0.2
0.0
0.2
• 0.1
1.9
0.9
'•••'j
"\ . •'-•
13. ''4
8.6
c u
6.6
3.e
£.6
O.j
0.2
0.5
2.3
'* . 6
6.3
8.7
10.6
7 . ^
5.2
3-5
1.2
0.5
CO->
9.9
13.2
13.0
12.3
0.3
11.0
7.3
13-1
12.0
11.9
12.3
10.2
3 ~<
•\ . 7
7.3 .
V . 2
iz'.l
13.-''
13-6
i *> . '••
13.3
12."
12.4
13.0
12.1
13.1
13.2
11.0
10.0
o.o
8.9
9.0
10,2
12.3
13.1
14.0
13.3
13.8
13.2
11.0
10.5
8 E
7.6
9-7
11.1
12.1*
13-7
114.1
co/co=
o.7:rr
0.939
0.107
0.062
0.325
o !^-*^
0 . 4 6'i
1.3111.1
0.190
0.202
0.361
0.276
0.6'*7
o . 9°9
1 . o:jj
-L.5i.-2
1.569
0.168
0. 112
0.059
~\o6'?
0.01.5
0.010
0.000
0.015
• o.oo?
?.145
0.063
0.33;:
0.720
2.233
0.9&9
0.976
0.667
0.309
0.193
0.036-
0.015
0.0143
o. 171*
0.397
0.590
0.939
1.1*21
0.76!+
0.1*68
0.282
o.oSo
0.035
Gbc;.
A/F
11.3
lO.o -
13.6-
15.2
13-1
11.1
12.2
lO.J
13. 'J
12.8
12.9
13.1
12.0
. 11.0
' .-.1J .(!'
10.1
10.1
13.5
114.1
l'» . 0
15.0
15.5
16.1
17.1
16.2
17 . 2
lit .0
15-1
12.5
11.'*
6.9
10.9
11.0
11.6
12.9
13.6 •
11*. 6
15.6 '
11*. 2
13.'4
12.'*
11. fa
10.7
10.0
11.14
12.1
12.9
1'*.0
ll*. 6
Proiii CO From
A/K
ll.i,:.'
10.&
13.52
14.67
12.50
11.16
12.3.? '
10.: j
13.36
13'. 66
12.66
13.04
11.76 •
10.9-'.
10."-'.
Q '"'J:
9 O1' :>
13.44
13.90
14 . 51
1 'j , \*S
j, •') . i^ Q
16.00
16'. 4Q '
17.13
13.65
14 . 51
12.60
- 11.52
9.1*
10.33
10.88
11.63
12.66-
-13-36
15.31
16.49
15.C6
13.1.8
12. yj
11 . 92
10.92
10.06
• 11.36
12.32
13. co
14.15
15.31
Dlf:1.
10.22
+o'.&
-0.08
-0.53
-0.30
(0.06
+0. 12
-0.10
-()..'* 4
tO.L'3
-0.22
-0.06
-0.24
-0.0l4
-0.16 '
-'0.2o
-0.22
-0.06
-0.20
t-0.07
-0.49
-0.;'-4
•0.39
+0.20
+0.07
-0.35
-0.59
+0.10
+0.12
+0.14
-0.02
-:0.12
+0.08
-0.02
-0.24
+0.71
+6.89
-0.66
*0.o3
-0.16
+0.12
+0.22
+0.03 .
-0.04
+0.12
+0.10
+0.15
+0.71
A/F
11.44
10.88
13.514
15.40
12.91.
11.06 -
12.13
. 10.13
. 13. ''5
13.13
12.69
12.9-',
11 . 63
10.69
10.69
o. 81
9-75
13.25
13.86
14 . 13
1'* . 53
14.60
1- .00
16.60
15.1+0
16.60
13.45
15.00
12.50
11.50
9.00
10.81
10.88
11.63
12.Q4
13.145
14.13
14.80
14.13
13 . 54
12.50
11.81
10.75
10.00
11.31
12.19
13.00
• 14.13
, 14.13
CO;,
DilT.
+0.14
+0.28
-0.06
+0.20
-0.16
-o.o.'*
-0.07
-0.17
-0.35
»o.33
-0.21
-0.16
-0.37
-O.'3l
-0.31
-0.29
-0.35
-0.25
-0.22
-0.37
-0.47
-0.70 '
-0.10
-0.50
-0.60
-0.60
-0. 55
-0.10
0.00
+0.10
+ 0.10
-0.09
-0.12
+0.03
+O.04
-0.15
-0.47
-0.80
-0.07
+0.14
+0.10
+0.01
+0.05
0.00
-0.09
+0.09
+0.10
+0.13
-0.47
From C0/C02
t-l?
11.49
10.85
13.52
14.62
12.83
11.13
12.31-
10.17
13-37
13-09
12.68
13.03
11.72
10.86 '
10.76
9.33
9.82.
13.42
13.89
14.69
14.51
15.06
16.4Q
18.00
16.56
17.15
13.65
14.49
12.58
11.51
9.02
10. C5
10.88
11.66
12.26
13-37
15.41
16.57
15.14
13.48
12.54
11.69
10.85
10.04
11.34
12.29
13.00
14.16
15.41
Diff .
+0.19
+0.25
-0.08
-0.58
-0.53
+0.03
+0.11
-0.13
-0.43
+0.29
-0.28
-0.07
-0.28
-0.14
-0.22
-o.?t
-0.28
-0.08
-0.21
+0.09
-0.49
-0.42
+0.39
+0.90
+0.36
-0.05
-0.35
-0.61
+0.08
+0.11
+0.12
-0.05
-0.12
+O.O6
-0.64
-0.23
+0.81
+0.97
+0.94
•+0.08
+0.14
+0.09
+0.15
+0.04
-0.06
+0.19
+0.10
+0.16
+0.81
From CO/COo
C02
9.991
6.965
13-179
13.374.
12.119
9.400
11.23?
7.865
12.993
12.538-
11.692
12.442
10.353
8.9-55
8.847
7.321 .
7.305
13.063
13.1*06
13.3149
13- '*05
13.161
12.454
11.700
12.417
12.126
13.277
13.410
11.723
10.022
6.027
8.965
9-004
10.260
12.223
12.993
12.997
12.417
13.128
13.144
11.67'.
10.627
8.965
7.667
9.749
11.266
12.402
13.475
12.977
Ratio
1.009'
0.996
0.998
1.029
0.9S5
1.011
1.026
• 1.008
1.006
0.995
0.999
1.012
1.015
1.030
1.017
1.003
1.015
1.020
' 1.000
0.982
1.031
0.990
0.9-51
0.944
0.955
0.978
1.014
1.016
1.011
1.002
- 1.005
1,007
1.000
1.006
0.991*
0.992
0.928
0.931*
0.951
0.996
1 . 006
1.012
1.019
1.009
1.005
1.015
1.000
0.984
0.920
-------
no.
Inciolene
CO
Table 4. CO, CO2, A/F Data. PHS Data.
CO?
co/cos
From CO-,
From CO/COp
From CO/CO;
U)
4^
A.
Cornmer
2.03
1.13
9.25
5.9
3-3
2.0
0.23
3.0
0.1*5
0.2^
6.75
0.45
0.20
1.73
0.45
2.25
Cial ror-ul
12.35
12.3
9-75
11.3
12.6
12.8
12.3
11.7
12.6
12.15
9-95
12.25
11.7
13-1
12.8
11.6
0.164
0.092
0.9^9
0.522
0.262
0.156
0.019
0.256
0.036
0.021
0.678
0.037
0.017
0.132
0.035
o. 19'*
13.6
15.0
10.5
11.9
12.9
14.1
16.7
13-2
15.2
16.15
11.7
15.6
18. 3
14.3
15.6
15.0
13-59
14.22
10.70
12.04
13.08
13.61
16.33
13-20
15.46
• 16.23
11.70
15-46
16.49 '
13.75
15.46
13.50
-0.01
-0.78
+0.20
+0.14
+0.18
-0.49
-0.37
0.00
+0.26
+0.08
0.00
-0.14
-l.'Bi
-0.55
-0.14
-1.50
12.97
16. 80
11.34
12.31
13.13
13.25
16. 80
12.56 '
16.20
17.10
11.47
16.90
18.00
13.45
15.80
12.50
-0.63
+1.80
+0.84
+0.41
+O.23
-0.85
+0.10
-0.64
+1.00
+0.95
-0.23
+1.30
-0.30
• -0.85
+0.20
-2.50
13-53
14. 11
10.94
12.11
13.09
13-58
16.28
13-11
15.40
16.16
11.63
15-37
16.42
13-74
15.45
13-39
-0.07
-0.89
+0.44
+0.21
+0.19
-0.52
-0.42
-0.09
+0.20
+0.01
-0.07
-0.23
-1.88
-0.56
-0.15
-1.61
13.193
- 13-475
9-108
10.974
12.538
13 . 229
12.557
' 12.579
12.997
12.620
10.210
13-017
12.469
13.331
12.977
13.022
1.068
1.096
0.931*
0.971
0.995
1.034
1.021
1.075
1.032
1.039
1.026
1 . 064
1.067
1.016
1 . 014
1.123
1.05
1.H5
6.15
-•37
2.05
7-7.5
^.y>
0.37
1.97
^.5
0.2',
12.0
12.15
10.5
10.9
12.6
9.95
11.6
12.15
12.6
11.7
13-1
O.O'ifl
• 0.152
0.586
0.034
O.luO
0.779
0.375
0.030
0.150
0.385
0.019
15-7
14.7 .
12.0
17.3
14.1
11.0
12.35
16.25
14.0
12.35
15.7
14.31 .
13.68
11.94
15.73
13-58
11.30
12.66
15.73
13.62
12.60
16.23
-1.39
-1:02
-0/06
-1.57
-0.52
+O.JO
+O.31
-0.52
-0.38 •
+0.25
+0.53
17.40
12.84
11.81
19.42
13.25
11.47
12.50
17.10
13-13
12.56
15.20
+1.70
-1.86
-0.19
+2.12
-0.85
+0.47
+0.15-
+1.85
-0.07
+0.21
-0.50
14.16
13.60
11.91
' 15.49
13.55
11.36
12.63
15.67
13.57
12.59
16.29
-1.54
-1.10
-0.09
-1.81
-0.53
+0.36
+0.28
-0.58
-0.43
+0.14
+0.59
13.475
13.247
10.647
12.955
13.211
9.769
11.8o6
12.865
13.229
11.746
12.557
1.123
1.090
1.014
1.169
1.032
0.962
1.018
1.059
1.050
1.004
0.959
-------
APPENDIX III. TABLES
Individual calculations are most easily carried out using the set of
tables included with this report. These tables are based on the identical
equations and relations discussed in the text and used in the computer
program. They include
A/F from CO
A/F from CO2 (rich)
A/F from CO2 (lean)
COz from CO/CO2
E/A from A/F
Temperature correction term for gas volumes
to 68'c F
Vapor pressure of water .
- 37 -
-------
AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON MONOXIDE
.00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
.0 18.00 17.90 17.80 17.71 17.61 17.53 17.44 17.36 17.2^ 17.20
.1, .17.13 17.05 16.98 16.91 16.35 16.78 16.72 16.66 lfi.60.16.5U
.2 16.U9 16.4.3 16.38 16.33 16.28 16.23 16.18 16.14 I6.0« 16.05
.3 16.00 15.96 15.92 15.88 15.84 15.80 15.76 15.73 15.6° 15,66
.U 15.62 15.59 15.55 15.52 15.U9 15.46 15.U3 15.40 15.37 15.24
.5 15.31 15.29 15.26 15.23 15.21 15.18 15.16 15.13 15-11 15.0ft
.6 15.06 15.04 15.01 14.99 14.97 1U.95 14.93 14.91 I4.8Q 1U.87
.7 1U.85 14.83 14.81 14.79 It*.77 14.75 14.73 14.72 14.70 1U.68
.8 1U.67 14.65 14.63 14.62 14.60 14.58 14.57 14.55 14.54 14.52
..9 1U.51 14.50 14.48 14.47 14.(*5 14.44 14.43 14.41 14.40 14.39
1.0 1U.37 14.36 14.35 14.34 14.32 14.31 14.30 14.29 14.28 14.27
V.1" 14.26 14.24 14.23 14.22 14.21. 14.20 14.19 14.18 14.17 14.16
1.2 .14.15 14.14 14.13 14.12 14.11 14.10 14.09 14.08 14.07 14.07
1.3 1U.06 14.05 14.04 14.03 14.02 14.01 14.00 14.00 13.°o 13.98
1.4 13.97 13.96 13.96 13.95 13.94 13.93 13.93 13.92 i3.9l 13.90
.1.5 13.90 13.89 13.88 13.87 13.87 13.86 13.85 12.85 13.84 13.83
'1.6' 13.83 13.82 13.81 13.81 13.80 13.80 13.79 13.78 I?.7p 13.77
1.7 13.76 13.76 13.75 13.75 13.74 13.74 13.73 13.72 13.72 13.71
1.8 13.71 13.70 13.70 13.69 13.69 13.68 13.68 13.67 13.66 13.66
1.9 13.65 13.65 13.64 13.64 13.63 13.63 13.63 13.62 13.62 13.61
2.0 13.61 13.60 13.60 13.59 13.59 13.58 13.58 13.57 13.57 13.5.7
2.1 4 13.56 13.56 13.55 13.55 13.54 13.54 13.54 13.53 13.53 13.52
2.2 13.52 13.52 13.51 13.51 13.50 13.50 13.50 13.49 13.4P 13.48
2.3 13.48 13.48 13.47 13.47 13.46 13.46 13.46 13.45 13.45 13.44
2.4 13.44 13.44 13.43 13.43 13.42 13.42 13.42 13.41 13.41 13.40
2.5 13.40 13.40 13.39 13.39 13.38 13.38 13.38 13.37 13.37 13.36
2.6 13.36 13.36 13.35 13.35 13.34 13.34 13.34 13.33 13.33 13.32
2.7 13.32 13.32 13.31 13.31 13.30 13.30 13.30 17..29 13.2° 13.28
2.8 13.28 13.28 13.27 13.27 13.26 13.26 13.26 13.25 13.25 13.24
2.9 13.24 13.24 13.23 13.23 13.22 13.22 13.22 13.21 13.21 13.20
3.0 13.20 13.20 13.19 13.19 13.18 13.18 13.18 13.17 I?.17 13.16
3.1 13.16 13.16 13.15 13.15 13.14 13.14 13.14 13.13-13.13 13.12
3.2 13.12 13.12 13.11 13.11 13.10 13.10 13.10 13.09 13.0° 13.08
3.3 13.08 13.08 13.07 13.07 13.06 13.06 13.06 13.05 13.05 13.04
3.4 13.04 13.04 13.03 13.03 13.02 13.02 13.02 13.01 13.01 13.00
3.5 13.00 13.00 12.99 12.99 12.98 12.98 12.98 12.97 12.97 12.96
3.6 12.96 12.Q6 12.95 12.95 12.94 12.94 12.94 12.93 12.93 12.^2
3.7 12.92 12.92 12.91 12.91 12.90 12.90 12.90 12.89 12.&Q 12.88
3.8 12.88 12.88 12.87 12.87 12.86 12.86 12.86 12.85 12.85 12.84
3.9 12.84 12.84 12.83 12.83 12.82 12.82 12.82 12.81 12.81 12.80
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT, MARCH 1, 1966
- 38 -
-------
AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON MONOXIDF
.00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .Ofl .09
4..0 12.80 12.80 12.79 12.79 12.78 12.78 12.78 12.77 12-77 12.7&
U.I 12.76 12.76 12.75 12.75 12.74 12.74 12.74 12.73 12.73 12.72
4.2 12.72 12.72 12.71 12.71 12.70 12.70 12.70 12.69 12.6° 12.68
4.3 12.68 12.68 12.67 12.67 12.66 12.66 12.66 12.65 12.65 12.64
4.4 12.64 12.64 12.63 12.63 12.62 12.62 12.62 12,61 12.61 12*60
4.5 12.60 12.60 12.59 12.59 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.57 12.57 12*56
1.6 12.56 12.5b 12.55 12.55 12.54 12.54 12.54 12.53 12-53 12.52
4.7 12.52 12.52 12.51 12.51 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.49 12.49 12.48
4.8 12.48 12.48 12.47 12.47 12.U6 12.46 12.46 12.45 12.45 12.44
4.9 12.44 12.44 12.43 12.43 12.42 12.42 12.42 12.41 12.41 12.40
5.0 12.40 12.40 12.39 12.39 12.33 12.38 12.30 12.37 12.37 12.36
5.1 12.36 12.36 12.35 12.35 12.34 12.34 12.34 1.2.33 12.33 12.32
5.2 12.32 12.32 12.31 12.31 12-.30 12.30 12.30 12.29 12.29 12.28
5.3 12.28 12.28 12.27 12.27 12.26 12.26 12.26 12.25 12.25 12.24
5.4 12.24 12.24 12.23 12-23 12.22 12.22 12.22 12.21 12«21 12.20"
5.5 12.20 12.20 12.19 12-19 12.18 12.18 12.18 12.17 12.17 12.16
5.6 12.16 12.J6 12.15 12.15 12-14 12.14 12.14 12.13 12-13 12.12
5.7 12.12 i2*'i2 12.11 12.11 12.10 12.10 12.10 12.09 12.DO 12.08
5.8 12.08 12.08 12.07 12.07 12.06 12.06 12.06 12.05 12.05 12.04
5.9 12.04 12.04 12.03 12.03 12.02 12.02 12.02 IT 01 12.01 12.00
6.0 12.00 12.00 11.99 11.99 11.98 11.98 11.98 11.97 U.Q7 11.96
6.1 11.96 11.96 11.95 11.95 11.94 11.04 11.94 11.93 11.93 11.92
6.2 11.92 11.92 11.91 11.91 11.90 11.90 .11 ..90-.11.89 II.89 11.88-
6.3 liiOS 11.88 11.87 11.87 11.86 11'. 86 11.86 ll.85 11.85 11.84
6.4 11.84 11.84 11.83 11.83 11.82 11.82 11.82 11,81 11.81 11.80
i r "•
6,5 11.80 11.8C 11.79 11.79 11.78 11.78 11.78 11.77 11.77 11.76
6.6 11.76 11.76 11.75 11.75 11.74 11.74 11.74 11.73 11.73 11.72
6.7 11.72 11.72 11.71 11.71 11.70 11.70 11.70 11.69 II.6P 11.68
6.6 11.68 11.68 11,67 11.67 11.66 11.66 11.66 11.65 11.65 11.64
6.9 11.64 11.64 11.63 11.63 11.62 11.62 11.62 11.61 11.61 11.60
7.0 11.60 11.60 11.59 11.59 11.58 11.58 11.58 11.57 J1.57 11.56
7.1 11.56 11.56 11.55 11.b5 11.54 11.54 11.54 11.53 11.53 11.52
7.2 11.52 11.52 11.51 11.51 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.49 11.40 11.48
7.3 11.48 11.48 11.47 11.47 11.46 11'.46 11.46 11.45 11.45 11.44
7.4 11.44 11.44 11.43 11.43 11.42 11.42 11.42 11.41 11.41 11.40
7.5 11.40 11.40 11.39 11.39 11.38 11.38 11.38 11.37 11.37 11.36
7.6 11.36 11.36 11.35 11.35 11.34 11.34 11.34 11.33 11.33 11.32
7.7 11.32 11.32 11.31 11.31 .11.30 11.30 11.30 11.29 11.2° 11.28
7.8 11.28 11.28 11.27 11.27 11.26 11.'26 11.26 11.25 11.25 11.24
7.9 11.24 11.24 11.23 11.23 11.22 11.22 11.22 11.21 11.21 11.20
ETHYL CORPORATION* DETROIT, MARCH 1. 1966
- 39 -
-------
AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON MONOXIDE
,00
.01 .02 .03 .04
.05
.06
.07
.08
3.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.1
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.U
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
10.2
10.3
10. 4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11.0
11.1
11.2
11.3
11. «»
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.20
11.16
11.12
11.08
11.04
11.00
10.96
10.92
10.88
10. fi4
10.80
10.76
10.72
10.68
10.64
10.60
10.56
10.52
10.48
10.44
10.40
10.36
10.32
10.28
10.24
10.20
10*16
10.12
10*08
10. Ok
10.00
9.96
9.92
9.88
9.84
9.80
9.76
9.72
9.68
9.64
11.20
11.16
11.12
11.08
11*04
11.00
10.96
10.92
10.88
10.84
10. 80
10.76
10.72
10.68
10.64
10. bO
10.56
10.52
10.48
10.44
10.40
10.36
"10. '32
10,28
10.2ft
10.20
10.16
10.12
10.06
10.04
10.00
9.96
9.92
9.88
9.8
-------
.00
AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON MONOXIDE
,Cl .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07
.Ofl .09
12.0
12.1
12.2
12,3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14.0
14.1
14.2
14.3-
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15.0
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
9.60
9.56
9.52
9.48
9.44
9.40
9.36
9.32
9.28
9.24
9.20
9.16
9.12
9.08
9.04
9.00
8.96
8.92
8.88
8.84
8.80
8.76
8.72
8.68
8.64
8.60
8.56
8.52
8.<*8
8.44
8.40
8.36
8.32
8.28
8.24
0.20
8.16
8.12
8.08
8.04
9.60
9.56
9.52
9.46
9.44
9.40
9.36
9.32
9.28
9.24
9.20
9.16
9.12
9.08
9.04
9.00
8.96
8.92
8.88
8.84
8.80
8.76
8.72
8.68
8.64
8.60
8.56
8.52
8.48
8.44
8.40
8.36
8.32
8.28
8.24
8.20
8.16
8.12
8.08
8.04
9.59
9.55
9.51
9.47
9.43
9.39
9.35
9.31
9.27
9.23
9.19
9.15
9.11
9.07
9.03
8.99
8.95
8.91
8.87
8.83
8.79
3.75
8.71
6.67
8.63
8.59
8.55
8.51
8.47
8.43
8.39
8.35
8.31
8.27
8.23
8.19
8.15
8.11
8.07
8.03
Q.59
9.55
a. 51
9.47
9.43
9.39
9.35
9.31
9.27
9.23
9.19
9.15
9.11
9.07
P. 03
fl.99
8.95
8.91
8.87
8.83
8.79
8.75
8.71
8.67
8.63
8.59
9.55
8.51
8.47
fl.43
8.39
8.35
9.31
8.27
8.23
P. 19
8.15
9.11
8.07
8.03
9.5P.
9.54
9.50
9.4.6
9.42
9.38
9.34
9.30
9.26
9.22
9.18
9.14
9.10
9.06
9.02
fl.98
8.94
8. -90.
8.86
8.82.
8.78
8.74
8.70
8.66
8.62
8.58
6.54
8.50
8.46
8.42
8.38
8.34
8.30
8.26
8.22
8.18
8.14
e.io
8.06
8.02
9.58
9.54
9.50
9.46
9.42
9.38
9.34
9.30
9.26
9.22
9.18
9.14
9.10
9.06
9.02
8.98
8.94
8.90
8.86
8.82
8.78
8.74
8.70
B.66-
8.62
8.58
8.54
8.50
8.46
8.42
8.38
8.34
8.30
8.26
8.22
8.18
8.14
8.10
8.06
8.02
9.58
9.54
9.50
9.46
9.42
9.38
9.34
9.30
9.2t
9.22
9.18
9.14
9.10
9.06
9.02
8.98
8.94
8.90
8.86
8.82
8.78
8.74
8.70
8.66
8.62
8.58
8.54
8.50
8.46
8.42
8.38
8.34
9.30
8.26
8.22
8.18
8.14
8.10
8.06
8.02
9.57
9.53
9.49
9.45
9.41
9.37
9r33
9.k9
9.25
9.21
9.17
9.13
9.09
9.05
9.01
8.97
8.93
8.89
.9.85
8.81
8.77
8.73
8.69
1.9; 65
8.61
8.57
8.53
8.49
8.45
8.41
8.37
8.33
8.29
8.25
8.21
8.17
8.13
9.09
8.05
8.01
a.57
a. 53
9.4Q
°«45
a. 41
9.37
9.33
9.29
a. 25
9.21
0.17
M.13
9.09
9.05
a. 01
8.97
8.93
8.89
8.85
8.81
8.77
8.73
9.6Q
8.65
8.61
8.57
8.53
8. 4Q
fl.45
fl.41
9.37
8.33
8.?o
8.25
P. 21
fi.17
8.13
8.0Q
8.05
fc-01
C.56
9.52
9.48
9.44
9.40
9.36
9.32
9.28
9.24
9.20
9.16
9.12
9.0G
9.04
9.00
J
8.96
8.92
8.88
8.84
8.80
8.76
8.72
8.68
8.64
8.60
8.56
P. 52
8.43
8.44
8.40
8.36
8.32
8.28 '
8.24
8.20
8.16
8.12
8.08
8.04
8.00
•
j
:
|
•
i
i
!
1
<
i
i
(
i
'
>
J
ETHYL CORPORATION DETROIT, MARCH It 1966
- 41 -
-------
AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON DIOXIDE...RICH
.00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .OP .09
4.0
4.1
4.2
14.3
4.4
U.5
u.6
U.7
4.6
4.9
5.0
5.-1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.75
7.81
7.88
7.94
8.00
8.06
8.13
8.19
8.25
8.31
8.38
8.44
8.50
8.56
8.63
8.69
8.75
8.81
8.88
8.94
. 9.00
9.06
9.13
9.19
^.25
9.31
9.38
. 9.44
9.50
9.5S
9.63
9.69
9.75
9.81
9.88
9.94
10.00
10.06
10.13
10.19
7.76
7. .82
7.88
7.94
8.01
8.07
8.13
8.19
8.26
8.32
8.38
8.44
8.51
8.57
8.63
8.69
8.76
8.82
8.88
8.94
9.01
9.07
9.13
9.19
9.26
9.32
9.38
9.44
9.51
9.57
9.63
9.69
9.76
9.82
9.88
9.94
10.01
1C. 07
10.13
10.19
7.
7.
7.
7.
8.
8.
8.
e.
8.
8.
8.
a.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
10.
10.
10.
10.
76
83
89
95
01
08
14
20
26
33
39
45
51
58
64
70
76
83
89
95
01
08
14
20
26
33
39
45
51
58
64
70
76
83
89
95
01
08
1'4
20
7.77
7.83
7.89
7.96
8.02
8.08
8.J4
8.21
8.27
8.33
P. 39
R.46
8.52
8.58
8.64
8.71
S.77
8.83
8.89
8.96
9.02
0.08
9.14
9.21
9.27
9.33
9.39
9.46
9.52
Q.58
Q.64
Q.71
Q.77
o.83
9.89
9.Q6
10.02
10.08
10.14
10.21
7.78
7.84
7.90
7.96
8.03.
8.09
8.15
8.21
8.28
P. 34
8.40
-8.46
P.. 53
8.59
8.65
8.71
8.78
8.84
t.90
8.96
9.03
9.09
o.l5
9.21
°.28
9.34
9.40
0.46
9.53
9.59
o.65
9.71
9.78
9.84
9.90
o.96
10.03
10.09
1 P . 1 5
10.21
7.78
7.84
7.91
7.97
8.03
8.09
8.16
8.22
8.28
8.34
8.41
8.47
8.53
8.59
8.66
8.72
8.78
8.84
8.9}
8.97
9.03
9.09
9,16
9.22
9.28
9.34
9.41
9.47
0.53
9.59
9.66
9.72
9.78
9.P4
9.91
9.07
10.03
10.09
10.16
10.22
7.79
7.85
7.91
7.98
8.04
8.10
8.16
8.23
8.29
8.35
8.41
8.48
6.54
8.60
8.66
8.73
•8 . 79
8.85
8.91
8.98
9.04
9.10
9.16
9.23
?.29
9.35
Q.41
9.48
9.54
9.60
9.66
.Q.73
9.79
0.85
9.°1
9.98
10.04
10. 10
10.16
10.23
7.79
7.86
7.92
7.08
P. 04
8.11
8.17
8.23
fi.29
8.36
fi.42
8.48
8.54
8.61
8.67
8.73
8.79
8.P6
8.9?
8.98
0.04
9.11
9.17
o.23
9.29
9.36
9.42
Q.48
9.54
o.61
9.67
o.73
9.79
0.86
Q.92
Q.9S
10.04
10.11
10.17
10.23
7.pn
7.86
7.93
7.99
8.05
8.11
8. IP
8-24
8.30
?.36
8.43
8.49
8.55
8.61
8«6«
8.74
8. 80
8.R6
8.93
8.c;9
9.05
9.11
O.lp
o.24
o.30
o.36
0.43
9.40
Q.5S
o.61
o.6R
o.7u
O.RO
°.P6
o.93
0.00
10.05
1C. 11
10. IP
10.24
7.81
7.87
7.93
7.99
8.06
8.12
8.18
8.24
8.31
8.37
8.43
8.49
8.56
8.62
8.68
8.74
8.81
8.87
8.93
8.99
9.06
9.12
9.18
9.24
9.31
9.37
9.43
9.49
Q.56
Q.62
9.68
9.74
9.81
9.87
O.Q3
0.09
10.06
10.12
10.18
10.24
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT* VARCH 1, 1Q&6
- 42 -
-------
AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON DIOXIDE...RICH
•00 .01 .02 .03 ,OU .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
8.0 10.25 10.26 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.28 10.29 10.29 10.30 10.M
8.1 10.31 10.32 10.33 10.33 10.34 10.34 10.35 10.36 10.36 10.37
8.2 10.38 10.38 10.39 10.39 10.40 10..41 10.41 10.42 10.,43.10.43
8.3 10.44 10.44 10.(*5 10.^6 10.46 10.47 10.48 10.US 10.49 10.49
8.U 10.50 10.51 10.51 10.52 10.53 10.53 10.54 10.5t 10.5? 10.56
8.5 10.56 10.57 10.58 10.58 10.59 10.59 10.60 10.61 10.61 10.62
8.6 10.63 10.63 10.64 10.64 10.65 10.66 10.66 10.67 10.6ft 10.68
8.7 10.69 10.69 10.70 10.71 10.71 10.72 10.73 10.73 10.74 10.74
8.8 10.75 10.76 10.76 10.77 10.78 10.78 10.79 10.79 10.80 10.Pi
8.9 10.81 10.82 10.83 10.83 10.84 10.84 10.85 10.86 10.86 10.87
9.0 10<88 10.88 10.89 10.89 10.90 10.91 10.91 10.92 10.93 10.93
9.1 10.94 10.94 10.95 10.96 10.96 10.97 10.98 10.98 I0.9O 10.P9
9.2--- 11.00 11.01 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.03 11.04 11.04 11.05 11.06
9.3 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.08 11.09 11.09 11.10 11.11 1.1. ll 11.12
9.4 11.13 11.13 11.14 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.16 11.17 II.lp 11.18
9.5 11.19 11.19 11.20 11.21 11.21 11.22 11.23 11.23 11.?4 11.24
9.6 11.25 11.26 11.26 11.27 11.28 11.28 11.29 11.29 11.30 11.31
.9.7 11.31 11.32 11,33 11.33 11.34 11.34 11.35 11.36 11.36 11.37
9.8 11.36 11.38 11.39 11.39 11.40 11.41 11.41 11.42 11.43 11,43
9.9 11.44 11.44 11.45 11.46 11.46 11.47 11.48 11.48 11.40 11.49
10.0 11.50 11.51 11.51 11.52 11.53 11.53 11.54 11.54 I1-.5* 11.56
10.1 11.56 11.57 11.58 11.58 11.59 11.59 11.60 11.61 11.61 11.62
10.2 11.63 11.63 11.64 11.64 11.65 11.66 11.66 11.67 11.6R 11.68
10.3 11.69 11.69 11.70 11.71 11.71 11.72 11.73 11.73 11.74 11.74
10.4 11.75 11.76 11.76 11.77 11.76 11.78 11.79 11.79 11.PO 11.81
10.5 11.81 11.82 11.83 11.83 11.84 11.84 11.85 11.86 11.86 11.87
10.6 11.88 11.88 11.89 11.89 11.90 11.°1 11.91 11.92 11.93 11.°3
10.7 11.94.11.94 11.95 11.96 11.P6 11.97 11.98 11.98 11.9" Il.QQ
10.8 12.00 12.01 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.03 12.04 12.04 12.05 12.06
10.9 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.08 12.09 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.11 J2.12
11.0 12.13 12.13 12.14 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.16 12.17 I2.1P 12.18
11.1 12.19 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.21 12.22 12.23 12.23 12-24 12.24
11.2 12.25 12.26 12.26 12.27 12.28 12.28 12.29 12.29 12.30 12.31
11.3 12.31 12.32 12.33 12.33 12.34 12.34 12.35 12.36 12.36 12.37
11.4 12.38 12.38 12.39 12.39 12.40 12.41 12.41 12.42 12.43 12.43
11.5 12.44 12.44 12.45 12.46 12.46 12.47 12.48 12.48 12.4" 12.1*9
11.6 12.50 12.51 12.51 12.52 12.53 12.53 12.54 12.54 12.-5S 12.56
11.7 12.56 12.57 12.58 12.5R 12.59 12.59 12.60 12.61 1?.61 12.62
11.8 12.63 12.63 12.64 12.64 12.65 12.66 12.66 12.67 12.68 12.68
11.9 12.69 12.69 12.70 12.71 12.71 12.72 12.73 12.73 12.74 12.74
ETHYL CORPORATION* DETROIT, VARCH 1, 1966
- 43 '
-------
AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON DIOXIDE...RICH
.00 .01 .02 .03 .Ou .05 .06 .07 .08 .no
12.0 12.75. 12.76 12.76 12.77 12.78 12.78 12.79 12.79 12.BO 12.31
12.1 12.81 12.62 12.83 12.83 12.8"* 12.84 12.85 12.86 12.86 12.87
12.2 12.88 12.88 12.89 12.89 12.90 12.91 12.Ql 12.92 12.03 12."3
12.3 12.9*4 12.°4 12.95 12.96 12.96 12.97 12.98 12.98 12.9° 12.°9
12.4 13.00 13.01 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.03 13.04 13.04 13.05 13.06
12.5 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.08 13.09 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.11 13.12
12.6 13.13 13.13 13.14 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.16 13.17 13.Ip 13.18
12.7 13.19 13.19 13.20 13.21 13.21 13.22 13.23 13.23 13.24 13.24
12.8 13.25 13.26 13.26 13.27 13.28 13.28 13.29 13.29 13*30 13.31
12.9 13.31 13.32 13.33 13.33 13.3'4 13.34 13.35 13.36 13.36 13,37
13.0 13.38 13.38 13.39 13.39 13.40 13.41 13.42 13.42 13.43 13.44
13.1 13.45 13.46 13.46 13.47 13.48 13.49 13.50 13.51 13.52 13.53
13.2 13.54 13.55 13.57 13.58 13.59 13.60 13.62 13.63 13.65. 13.66
13.3 13.68 13.69 13.71 13.73 13.75 13.77 13.79 13.81 13.83 13.85
13.4 13.88 13.90 13.93 13.96 13.99 14.02 14.06 14.09 14.13 14.17
ETHYL CORPORATION* DETROIT, MARCH 1, 1966
- 44 -
-------
AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON DIOXIDE. . .
.00 .01 .02 .03 .Qi) .05 .06 .07 .Op .no
11.0 19.40 19.?8 19.36 19.31 19.32 19.30 19.28 1°.26 1«.24 1Q 22
11.1 19.20 19.18 19.16 19.11 19.12 19.10 19.08 1Q.C6 lo.Ou 19.02
11.2 19.00.18.98 18.Q6 18.94 16.92 18.90 18.88 18.86 Iq.PU 18.82
11.'3 "18.80 18.78 18.76 18.7U lfi.72 18.70 18.68 18.66 18.6U 18.62
11.4 18.60 18.58 18.56 18.54 18.52 18.50 18. 48 18,46 I8.au 18.42
11.5 18.40 18.38 18.36 1Q.34 18.32 18.30 18.28 18.26 18.24 18.22
11.6 18.20 18.18 18.16 18.la 18.12 18.10 18.08 13.06 18.04 18.02
11.7 18.00 17.98 17.96 17.94 17.92 17.QQ 17.88 17.86 17.84 17.82
11.8 17.80 17.78 17.76 17.7a 17.72 17.70 17.68 17.66 17.64 17.62
11.9 17.60 17.58 17.56 17.54 17.52 17.50 17.48 17.a6 17.4a 17.42
12.0 17.40 17.38 17.36 17.34 17.32 17.30 17.28 17.26 17.24 17.22
12.1 17.20 17.18 17.16 17.14 17.12 17.10 17.08 17.06 17.04 17.02
12,.2 .17.00 16.98 16.96 16.94 1-6.92 16.90 16.88 16.86 16.84 16.82
12.3 16.80 16.78 16.76 16.74 16.72 16.70 16.68 16.66 16.64 16.62
12.4 16.60 16.58 16.56 16.54 16.52 16.50 16.48 16.46 16.4a 16.42
12.5 16.40 16.38 16.36 16.34 16.32 16.30 16.28 16.26 16.24 16.22
12.6 16.20 16.18 16.16 16.14 16.12 16.10 16.08 16.06 16.04 16.02
12.7. 16.00 15.98 15.96 15.94 15.92 15.90 15.88 15.86 15.84 15.82
12.8 15.80 15.78 15.76 15.74 15.72 15.70 15.68 15.66 T5.64 15.62
12.9, 15.60 15.58 15.56 15.54 15.52 15.50 15.48 15.46 I5.4a 15.U2
13.0 15.ao 15.38 15.36 15.3a 15.32 15.30 15.28 15.26 15.2u 15.22
13.1 15.20 15.18 15.16 15.la 15.12 15.10 15.08 15.06 I5.0a 15.02
13.2 15.00 la.QS la.96 14.9a 1<4.92 14.90 14.88 14.86 14.84 14.82
13.3 1.4.80. 14.78 14.76 14.73 14.71 14.69 lu.66 14.63 14.60 14.57
13.4 14.53 14.49 la.45 14.41 la.36 14.31 14.26 14.20 14.13 14.06
ETHYL CORPORATION, DETROIT, MARCH 1, 1Q&6
- 45 -.
-------
CARBON DIOXIDE FROM CO/C02 RATIO
..000 .001 .002 .003 .00*+ .005 .006 .007 .008 -00°
.00 11.700 11.760 11.817 11.873 11.927 11.97° 12.030 12.D7O 12.126 12.172
.01 12.216 12.259 12.301 12.341 12.380 12.417 12.454 12.4A9 12.524 12,557
.02 1?.589 12.620 12.651 12.680 12.7QP 12.737 12.764 12.7QO 12.816 12,841
.03 12.865 12.8R8 12.911 12.934 12.955 12.977 12.997 13.017 13.037 13.056
.0<4 13.075 13.093 13.110 13.128 13.145 13.161 13.177 13.1°3 13.20R 13.223
.05 13.236 13.253 13.267 13.280 13.294 13.307 13.319 1.3.3?0 13.340 13.349
.06 13.358 13.366 13.374 13.381 13.387 13.394 13.399 13.405 13.410 13.415
.07 13.420 13.424 13.428 13.432 13.436 13.440 13.443 13.U46 13.450 13.453
.08 13.455 13.458 13.461 13.463 13.466 13.468 13.471 13.473 13.475 13,477
.09 13.479 13.478 13.475 13.472 13.469 13.465 13.462 13.45" 13.455 13*452
.10 13.448 13.445 13.442 13.438 13.435 13.431 13.428 13.424 13.421 13.417
.11 13.414 13.410 lo.406 13.403 13.399 13.396 13.392 13.388 13.385 13.381
.12 '13i377.13.373 13.370 13.366 13.362 13.358 13.354 13.3^0 13.346 13.343
.13 13.339 13.335 13.331 13.327 13.323 13.319 13.315 13.311 13.307 13.302
.14 13.298 13.294 13.290 13.286 13.282 13.277 13.273 13.269 13.265 13.260
.15 13.256 13.251 13.247 13.243 13.238 13.234 13.229 13.225 13.220 13.216
.16 13.211 13.207 13.202 13.197 13.193 13.188 13.183 13.179 13.174 13.169
.17 '13.164 13.159 13.154 13.149 13.144 13.138 13.133 13.128 13.122 13.117
.18 13.111 13.105 13.099 13.093 I?.0fl7 13.081 13.075 13.069 13.063 13.056
.19 13.050 13.043 13.036 13.029 13.022 13.015 13.008 13.001 12.993 12.986
.20 12.979 12.971 12.964 12.957 12.949 12.942 12.935 12.ap7 12.920 12.913
.21 12.906 12.898 12.891 12.884 12.876 12.869 12.862 12.855 12.848 12.840
.22 12.833 12.826 12.819 12.812 12.804 12.797 12.790 12.783 12.776 12.7.69
.23 12.762 12.754 12.747 12.740 12.733 12.726 12.719 12.712 12.705 12.6QR
.24 12.691 12.6R4 12.677 12.670 12.663 12.656 12.649 1.2.642 12.635 12.628
.25 12.621 12.614 12.607 12.600 12.593 12.5R6 12.579 12.572 12.565 12.558
.26 12.551 1.L.545 12.53ft 12.531 12.524 12.517 12.510 12.503 12.4P7 12.490
.27 12.483 12.476 12.469 12.463 12.456 12.449 12.442 12.435 12.429 12.422
.28 12.415 12.408 12.402 12.395 12.38R 12.382 12.375 12.368 12.362 12.355
.29 12.348 12.342 12.335 12.328 12.322 12.315 12.308 12.302 12.295 12.288
.30 12.282 12.275 12.259 12.262 12.256 12.249 12.242 12.236 12.229 12.223
.31 12.216 12.210 12.203 12.197 12.190 12.184 12.177 12.171 12.164 12.158
.32 12.153 12.145 12.13f 12.132 12.126 12.119 12.113 12.10.6 12.100 12.094
.33 12.087 12.081 12.07^ 12.068 12.062 12.055 12.049 12.043 12.036 12.030
.34 12.024 12.017 12.011 12.005 11.998 11.992 11.986 ll.oftO 11.Q73 11 ..967
.35 11.961 11.955 11.948 11.942 11.936 11.930 11.923 11.Q17 11.911 11.905
.36 11.899 11.892 11.886 11.880 11.874 11.868 11.862 11.8^5 11.849 11.843
.37 11.837 11.831 11.825 11.819 11.81? 11.806 11.800 11.704 H.7ftft 11.782
.38 11.776 11.770 11.764 11.758 11.752 11.746 11.740 11.7^4 11.728 11.722
.39 11.716 11.710 11.70tt 11.698 11.692 11.686 11.680 11.6^4 11.668 11.662
ETHYL CORPORATION* DETROIT, MARCH 1. 1966
- 46 -
-------
CARBON DIOXIDE FROM CO/C02 RATIO
.000 .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009
.140 11.656 11.650 11.644 11.638 11.632 11.626 11.621 11.615 11.60° 11.603
.Hi 11.597 11.5Q1 11.585 11.579 11.573 11.568 11.562 11.^S6 11.55" 11.544
.42 11.538 11.533 11.527 11.521 11. 515 11. 509' 11.504' 11 .408 11.492 11.486
.43 11.U81 11.475 11.469 11.463 11.458 11.452 11.446 11.440 11.435 11.429
.44 11.423 11.418 11.412 11.406 11.400 11.395 11.389 11.383 11.378 11.372
.45 11.366 11.361 11.355 11.350 11.344 11.338 11.333 11.327 11.321 11.316
.46 11.310 11.305 11.299 11.294 11.288 11.282 11.277 11.271 11.266 11.260
.47 11.255 11.249 11.244 11.238 11.233 11.227 11.221 11.216 11.210 11.205
.48 11.200 11.194 11.189 11.183 11.178 11.172 11.167 11.161 11.156 11.150
.49 11.145 11.140 11.134 11.129 11.123 11.118 11.112 11.107 11.102 11.096
,50 11.091 11,036 11.080 11.075 11.06° 11.064 11.059 11.053 11.048 11.043
.51 11.037 11.032. 11.027 11.021 11.016 11.011 11.006 11.000 10.995 10.990
.52 10.984 10.979 10.974 10.969 10.963 10.958 10.953 10.Q48 10.94? 10.937
.53 10.932 10.927 10.921 10.916 10.911 10.906 10.901 10.8°5 10.890 1.0.885
.54 10.880 10.875 10.870 10.664 10.859 10.854 10.849 10.844 10.83° 10.834
.55 10.828 10.823 10.818 10.813 10.808 10.803 10.798 10.793 10.788 10.7P2
.F.6 10.777 10.772 10.767 10.762 10*757 10.752 10.747 1.0.7U2 10.737 10.732
.57 10.727 10.722 10.717 10.712 10.7Q7 10.702 10.697 10.6°2 10.687 10.682
.58 10.677 10.672 10.667 10.662 10.657 10.652 1.0.647 10.642 10.637 10.632
.59 10.627 10.622 10.617 10.612 10.607 10.603. 10.598 10.503 10.588 10.583
.60 10.578 10.573 10.568 10.563 10.55° 10.554 10.549 10.
-------
CARBON DIOXIDE FROM CO/C02 RATIO
.000 .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .OfT> .008 .009
.80
.81
.82
.83
.84
.85
.86
.87
.88
.89
.90
.91
.92
.93
.94
.95
.96
.97
.98
.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1,03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
9.683
9.642
9.601
9.561
9.521
9.482
9.443
9.404
9.365
9.327
9.289
9.252
9.215
9.178
9.141
9.104
9.068
9.033
8.997
8.962
8.927
8.892
' 6.858"
8.824
8.790
8.756
8.723
8.689
8.657
8.624
8.592
8.559
8.527
8.496
8.464
8.433
8.402
8.371
8.341
8.31i
9.678
9.638
9.597
9.557
9.517
9.478
9.439
9.400
9.362
9.323
9.286
9.248
9.211
9.174
9.137
9.101
9.065
9.029
8.994
8.958
8.923
8.8fl9
8.854
8.820
8.7fi6
8.753
8.719
8.666
8.653
8.621
8.5R8
8.556
8.524
8.493
8.461
8.430
8.399
8.368
8.338
8.308
9.674
9.634
9.593
9.553
9.513
9.474
9.435
9.396
9.358
9.320
9.282
9.244
9.207
9.170
9.134
9.097
0.061
9.025
8.990
8.955
8.920
8.385
8.851
8.817
8.783
8.749
8.716
8.683
8.650
8.617
8.585
8.553
8.521
8.490
8.458
8.427
8.396
8.365
8.335
8.305
9.670
9.630
9.589.
9.549
9.509
9.470
9.431
9.392
9.354
9.316
9.278
9.241
9.203
9.166
9.130
9.094
9.058
o.022
8.986
8.951
8.916
8.882
8.847
8.813
8.780
8.746
8.713
8.680
8.647
8.614
8.582
8.550
8.518
8.486
8.455
8.424
8.393
fl.362
8.332
8.302
9.666
9.625
9.585
9.545
9.506
9.466
9.427
9.388
9.350
9.312
9.274
9.237
9.200
9.163
9.126
9.090
9.054 .
9.018
8.983
8.948
8.913
8.878
8.844
8.810
8.776
8.743
8.70Q
8.676
8.643
8.611
8.579
8.547
8.515
8.483
8.452
8.421
8.390
8.359
8.329
8.299
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
ft.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
662
621
581
541
502
462
423
385
346
308
271
233
196
159
123
086
050
015
979
944
909
875
841.
807
773
739
706
673
640
608
575
543
512
480
449
418
387
356
3?6
296
°.658
9.617
9.577
9.537
Q.498
9.458
0.419
Q.381
9.342
9.304
9.267
0.229
Q.192
9.155
9.119
9.083
9.047
9.011
8.976
8.941
8.906
8.871
8.837
8.803
8.76°
8.736
8.703
8.670
8.637
8.604
8.572
8.540
8.508
8.477
8.446
8.415
8.384
8.353
8.323
8.293
9.654
9.613
9.573
0.533
9. 4*04
9.454
0.416
0.377
°.339
9.301
9.263
9.226
o.l,^
9.15i
9.115
9.079
9.043
9.008
6.Q72
8.037
fl.003
B.868
8.A34
8.800
8.766
8.733
8.6°9
8.666
8.634
8.601
8.569
P. 537
S.5^5
P. 474
8.443
8. all
B.3fll
fl.3^0
8.3?0
8.200
9.650
0.609
Q.569
0.529
Q.490
9.451
9.412
9.373
9.335
9.297
9.25°
9.222
9.185
9.148
P. 112
Q.076
9.040
9.004
8.969
8.934
8.890
8.865
8.830
8.796"
8.763*
8.72-9
8 . 696
8.663
8.630
«.598'
8 . 566
8.534
8.502
8.471
8.43°
8.408
8.378
8.347
8 . 31 7
8.287
9.646
9.605
9.565
9.525
9.486
9.447
9.408
9.369
9.331
9.293
9.256
9.218
9.181
9.145
9.108
9.072
9.036
9.001
8.965
8.930
8.896
8.861
8.827
8.703
8.75Q
fi.726
8.693
8.660
8.627
8.5Q5
8.563
fl.531
8.499
8.468
8.436
8.405
8.375
8.344
8.314
8.2P.4
ETHYL CORPORATION DETROIT, VARCH 1, 1966
. 48 -
-------
CARBON DIOXIDE PROM CO/C02 RATIO
.000 .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .OP7 .OOB .00°
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1,24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.^1
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.4.9
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
8.281
8.25V
8.221
8.192
8.162
8.133
8.105
8.076
8.047
8.019
7.991
7.963
7.936
7.908
7.881
7.854
7.827
7.801
7.774
7.748
7.722
7.696
7.670
7.644
7.619
7.593
7.568
7.543
7.518
7.1*94
7.U69
7.445
7.421
7.397
7.373
7.349
7.326
7.302
7.279
7.256
8.278
8.248
b.218
8. IRQ
8.159
8.130
8.102
8.073
8.045
8.016
7.988
7.961
7.933
7.906
7.878
7.851
7.825
7.798
7.771
7.745
7.719
7J693
7.667
7.642
7.616
7. .591
7.566
7 . 54 1
7.516
7.491
7.467
7.443
7.419
7.3Q5
7.371
7.347
7.324
7.300
7.277
7.254
9.275
8.245
8.215
8.186
8.157
8.128
8.099
8.070
8.042
8.014
7.Q86
7.95R
7.930
7. Q03
7.876
7. 849
7.822
7.795
7.76Q
7.742
7.716
7.690
7.665
.7.639
7.614
7.58R
7.563
7.538
7.514
7.489
7.465
7.440
7.416
7.39?
7. 368
7.?45
7.321
7.29R
7.275
7.?52
8.272
8.242
8.212
8.183
8.154
8.125
8.096
8.067
8.039
8.011
7.983
7.955
7.928
.7.900
7.873
7.846
7.819
7.793
7.766
7.740
7.714
7.688
7.662
7.636
7.611
7.586
7.561
7.536
7,511
7.4R6
7.462
7.438
7.414
7.390
7.366
7.342
7.319
7.295
7.272
7.249
8.269
8.239
fi.209
8.180
8.151
8.12?
8.093
8.065
8.036
8.008
7.980
7.952
7.925
7.897
7.870
7.843
7.817
7.790
7.763
7.737
7.711
7.685
7.659
7.634
7.60"
7.583 .
7.558
7.533
7.500
7.484
7.460
7.435
7.411
7.387
7.364
7.340
7.316
7.2Q3
7.270
7.247
8.266
8.236
8.206
8.177
8.148
8.119
8.090
8.062
8.033
8.005
7.977
7.950
7.922
7.895
7.868
7.841
7.814
7.787
7.761 '
7.735
7.709
7.683
7.657
7.631
7.606
7.581
7.556
7.531
7.506
7.482
7.457
7.433
7.40Q
7.385
7.361
7.338
7.314
7.291
7.268
7.245
8.263
8.233
8.203
8.174
8.145
8.116
8.087
8.050
8.031
8.002
7.975
7.947
7.919
7.892
7.865
7.838
7.811
7.785
7.758
7.732
7.706 ,
'7.680
7.654
7.623
7.603
7.578
7.553
7.528
7.504
7.479
7.455
7.431
7.407
7.383
7.359
7.335
7.31?
7.289
7.265
7.242
8.260
8.230
8. POO
8.171
8.142
8.]13
8. 084
8.0S6
S.0?6
8.000
7.072
7.044
7.Q17
7,p«9
7.862
7.fl?5
7.P08
7.782
'7.756
7.729
7.703
7.677
.7.652
7.626
7.601
7.576
7.551
7.c;?6
7. SOI
7.477
7.452
7.4?8
7. 404
7.-«RO
7.^56
7. M3
7. 300
7.2P6
7.?63
7.?40
P. 257
3.227
8.107
8.168
8.139
8.110
8.082
8.053
8.025
7.997
7.96°
7.Q41
7.914
7.887
7.359
7.833
7.806
7.77Q
7.753
7.727
7.7Q1
7.675
7.640
7.624
7.598
7.573
7.548
->.523
7.499
7.474
7.450
7.426
7.40?
7.378
7.354
7.331
7.307
7.284
7.261
7.23fl
8.25U
8.224
8.1Q5
8.165
8. 136
8.107
8.079
8.050
8.022
7.994
7.966
7.939
7.911
7.884
7.857
7.830
7.803
7.777
7.750
7.724
7.698
7.672
7.647
7.621
7.5°6
7.571
7.546
7.521
7.406
7.47?
7.448
7.423
7.39P
7.375
7.352
7.328
7.305
7.282
7.25P
7.235
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT, VARCH 1, 1966
- 49 -
-------
CARBON DIOXIDE PROM CO/C02 RATIO
.000 .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .Pn? .008 .009
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
l.RO
1.81
1.R2
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.B7
1.B8
1.09
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.Q5
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
7.233
7.210
7 . 1 88
7.165
7.143
7.121
7.099
7.077.
7.055
7.033
7.011
6.990
6.969
6.948
6.927
6.906
6.885
6.864
6.844
6.823
6.803
6.783
6.763
6.7U3
6.723
6.703
6.681
6.664
6.645
6.626
6.606
6.587
6.569
6-550
6.531
6.512
6.U94
6.476
6.457
6.439
7.231
7.208
7.185
7.163
7.141
7.118
7.096
7.074
7.053
7.031
7.009
6.988
6.967
6.945
6.924
6.904
6.883
6.862
6.842
6.821
6.801
6.781
6.7&1
6.7U1
6.721
6.701
6.682
6.662
6.6U3
6.624
6.605
6.586
6.567
6. 548
6.529
6.511
6.402
6.474
6.455
6.437
7.229
7.206
7.183
7.161
7.138
7.116
7.094
7.072.
7.050
7.029
7.007
6.986
6.965
6.943
6.922
6.901
6.B81
6.860
6.840
6.819
6.799
6.770
6.750
6.73Q
6*719
6.699
6.680
6.660
6.641
6.622
6.603
6.584
6.565
6.546
6.527
6.50-3
6.490
6.U72
6. "54
6.436
7.226
7.204
7.161
7.159
7.136
7.114
7.092
7.070
7.0U8
7.027
7.005
6.984
6.962
6.941
6.920
6.899
6.879
6.B58
6.838
6.817
6.797
6.777
6.757
6.737
6.717
6.697
6.678
6.658
6.639
6.620
6.601
6.5B2
6.563
6.544
6.525
6.507
6.4B8
6.470
6.452
6.434
7.224
7.201
7.179
7.156
7.134
7.112
7.090
7.068
7.046
7.024
7.003
6.9B2
6.960
6.939
6.918
6.897
6.877
6.856
6.835
6.815
6.795
6.775
6.755
6.735
6.715
6.695
6.676
6.656
6.637
6.618
6.50°
6.580
6.561.
6.542
6.524
6.505
6.487
6.46B
6.450 •
6.432
7.222
7.109
7.17&-
7.154
7.132
7.110
7.088
7.066
7.044
7.022
7.001
6.979
6.958
6.937
6.916
6.895
6.875
6.854
6.833
6.813
6.793
6.773
6.753
6.733
6.713
6.693
6.674
6.655
6.635
6.616
6.597
6.578
6.559
6.540
6.522
6.503
6.485
6.466
6.448
6.430
7.220
7.197
7.174
7.152
7.129
7.107
7.035
7.063
7.042
7.020
6.990
6.977
6.956
6.935
6.914
6.893
6.872
6.852
6. 831
6.811
6.791
6.771
6.751
6.731
6.711
6.692
6.672
6.653
6.633
6.614
6.595
6.576
6.557
6.539
6.520
6.501
6.483
6.465
6.446
6.428
7.217
7.105
7.172
7.150
7.127
7.105
7.083
7.061
7.040
7.018
6.QQ6
6.975
6.054
6.033
6.Q12
6.801
6.870
6.850
6.8?9
6.R09
6.780
6.769
6.749
6.7?9
6.709
6.690
6.670
6.651
6.631
6.612
6.503
6.574
6.555
6.537
6.518
6.<^00
6.J481
6.J463
6.445
6.u?6
7.215
7.19?
7.170
7.147
7.125
7.103
7.081
7.05Q
7.037
7.016
6.994
6.973
6.952
6.931
6.9ld
6.889
6.868
6.848
6.827
6.807
6.787
6.767
6.747
6.727
6.707
6.688
6.668
6.640
6.62°
6.610
6.591
6.57?
6.554
6.535
6.516
6.498
6.470
6.461
6.443
6.425
7.213
7.190
7.167
7.145
7.123
7.101
7.079
7.057
7.035
7.014
6.992
6.971
6.950
6.929
6.908
6.887
6.866
6.846
6.825
6.805
6.785
6.765
6.745
6.725
6.705
6.686
6.666
6.647
6.628
6.608
.6.589
6.570
6.552
6.533
6.514
6.406
6.477
6.459
6.441
6.423
1
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1
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ETHYL CORPORATION.'DETROIT, MARCH 1, 1966
- 50.
-------
CARBON DIOXIDE ^ROM CO/C02 RATIO
.000 .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .009
2.00
2. 01
2/"> *•»
. 02
2-. —
. 03
2. 04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
24 ~m
. 13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2. 18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2'f\ f\
.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
6.421
6.403
6.385
6.367
6.350
6.332
6.315
6.297
6.280
6.263
6.246
6-229
6.212
6. 195
6.178
6.162
6.145
6.129
6-112
6.096
6.080
6.064
6.048
6.032
6.016
6.000
5.984
5.969
5.953
5.938
5.922
5.907
5.892
5.877
5.862
5.847
5.832
5.817
5.802
5.787
6.419
6.401
6..38~
6.366
6.348
6.330
6.313
6.206
6.278
6.261
6.244
6.227
6.210
6.193
6.177
6.1&0
6.143
6.127
6.111
6.094
6.078
6.062
6.. 046
6.030
6.014
5.908
5.983
5.967
5.9f,P
5.936
5.921
5.906
5.890
5.875
5.860
5.845
5.830
5.615
5.801
5.786
6.417
6.390
6.382
6.364
6.346
6.329
6.311
6.294
6.277
6.259
6.242
6.225
6.208
6.192
6.175
6.158
6.142
6.125
6.109
6.093
6.. 077
6.060
6.04',
6.02fl
6.013
5.997
5.981
5.966
5.950
5.035
5.919
5.904
5.889
5.874
5.850
5.844
5.829
5.814
5.799
5.785
6.416
6.398
6.380
6.362
6.344
6.327
6.309
6.292
6.275
6.258
6.241
6.224
6.207
6.190
6.173
6.157
6.140
ft. 124
6.107
6.091
6.075
6.059
6.043
6.027
6.011
5.995
5.980
5.964 .
5.Q49
5.Q33
5.918
5.902
5.887
5.872
5.857
5.842
5.827
5.812
5.7Q8
5.783
6.414
6.396
6.378
. 6.360
6.343
6.325
6.308
6.290
6.273
6.256
6.23°
6.222
6.205
6.188
6.172
6.155
6.138
6.122
6. 106
6.08°
6.073
6.057
6.041
6.025
6.000
5.094
5.978
5.062
5.947
5.932
5.916
5.901
5.886
5.871
5.856
5.84]
5.826
5.811
5.706
5.782
6.412
6.394
6.376
6.359
6.341
6.323
6.306
6.289
6.271
6.254
6.237
6.220
6.203
6.187
6.170
6.153
6.137
6. 120
6.104
6.088
6. 072
6.056
6.040
6.024
6 008
5.Q92
5.976
5.961
5.945
5.930
5.915
5.899
5.884
5.86Q
5.854
5.839
5.824
5.810
5.705
5.780
6.410
6.392
6.375
6.357
6.339
6.322
6.304
6.287
6.270
6.253
6.236
6.219
6.202
6.185
6.168
6.152
6.135
6.119
6.102
6.086
6.070
6.054
6.038
6.022
6.006
S.991
5.975
5.050
5.944
5.928
5.913
5.898
5.883
5.868
5.853
5.838
5.823
5.808
5.793
5.77Q
6.408
6.301
6.373
6.355
6.337
6.320
6.303
6.295
6.268
6.251
6.?34
6.217
6.?00
6.183
6.167
6.150
6.134
6.117
6.101
6.085
6 . 068
6.052.
6.036
6.021
6.005
5.0A9
5.073
5.osa
5.Q42
5.Q?7
5.Q12
5.8"6
5.PR1
5.«66
5.851
5.8^6
5.P21
5.P07
5.7"2
5.777
6.407
5.389
6.371
6.353
6.336
6.318
6.301
6.283
6.266
6.24°
6.232
6.215
6.198
6.182
6.165
6.148
6.132
6.115
6.099
6.083
6.067
6.051
6.035
6.019.
6.003
5.987
5.972
5.956
5.941
5.025
5.910
5.895
5.880
5.865
5.850
5.835
5.820
5.805
5.790
5.776
6.105
6.387
6.36°
6.352
6.334
6.316
6.299
6.282
6.265
6.247
6.230
6.213
6.197
6.180
6,163
6.147
6.130
6. 114
6.098
6.081
6.065
6. 04Q
6.033
6.017
6.002
5.986
5.970
5.955
5.930
5.924
5.900
5.803
5.878
5.863
5.848
5.P33
5.818
5.804
5.78Q
5.774
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT, VARCH l, 1966
- 51 -
-------
CAPROr; DIOXIDE FROM CO/CO? RATIO
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.5.5
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
.000
5.773
5.758
5.744
5.729
5.715
5.701
5.687
5.673
5.659
5.645
5.631
5.617
5.603
5.589
5.576
5.562
5.549
5.535
5.522
5.509
5.495
5.482
5.469
5.456
5.443
5.430
5.417
5-405
5.392
5.379
5.367
5.354
5.342
5.329
5.317
5.304
. 5.292
5-280
5.268
5.256
.001
5.771
5.757
5.742
5.728
5.714
5.700
5.685
5.671
5.657
5.643
5.629
5.616
5.602
5.583
5.575
5.561
5.547
5.534
5.521
5.507
5.494
5.481
5.468
5.455
5.4U2
5.429
5.416
5.UQ3
5.391
5.378
5.365
5.353
5.340
5.328
5.315
5.303
5.2Q1
5.279
5.266
5.254
.002
5.770
5.755
5.741
5.727
5.712
5.6QB
5.68u
5.670
5.656
5.6*2
5.628
5.614
5.600
5.587
5.573
5.560
5.546
5.533
5.519
5.506
5.493
5.480
5.467
5.a54
5.441
5. "28
5.^15
5.UC2
5.389
5.377 .
5.364
5.352
5.339
5.327
5.31u
r).302
5.290
5.277
5.265
5.253
.003
5.769
5.754
5.740
5.725
5.711
5.697
5.683
5.668
5.654
5.640
5.627
5.613
5.599
5.585
5.572
5.558
5.545
5.531
5.518
5.505
5.492
5.478
5.465
5.452
5.439
5.426
5.414
5.401
5.388
5.375
5.363
5.350
5.338
5.325
5.313
5.301
5.288
5.276
5.264
5.252
.004
5.767
5.753
5.738
5.724
5.709
5.695
5.681
5.667
5.653
5.639
5.625
5.611
5.598
5.584
5.570
5.557
5.543
5.530
5.517
5.503
5.490
5.477
5.464
5.451
5.438
5.425
5.412
5. WOO
5.387
5.374
5.362
5.34Q
5.337
5.324
5.312
5.290
5.287
5.275
5.263
5.251
.005
5.766
5.751
5.737
5.722
5.708
5.6^4
5.680
5.666
5.652
5.638
5.624
5.610
5.596
5.583
5.569
5.556
5.542
5.529
5.515
5.502
5.489
5.^76
5.463
5.450
5.437
5.424
5.411
5.398
5.386
5.373
5.360
5.348
5.335
5.323
5.311
5.29P
5.286
5.274
5.262
5.250
.006
5;764
5.750
5.735
5.721
5.707
5.692
5.678
5.664
5.650
5.636
5.622
5.609
5.595
5.581
5.568
5.554
5.541
5.527
5.514
5.50.1
5.488
5.474
5.461
5.448
^.435
5.423
5.410
5.397
5.384
5.372
5.359
5.346
5.334
5.322
5.309
5.297
5.285
5.273
5.260
5.248
.007
5.763
5.7U8
5.734
5.719
5.^05
5.6°1
5.677
5.663
5.649
5.635
5.621
5.607
5.594
5.5flO
5.566
5.553
5.539
5.526
5.513.
5.409
5.486
5.473
5.U60
5.447
5.434
5.a?l
5.408
5.*°6
5.3«3
5.370
5.3c.e
5.345
5.333
5.3?0
5.30P
5.2°6
5.2^4
5.2-»l
5.259
5.7U7
.008
5.761
5.747
5.732
5.718
5.704
5.690
5.675
5.661
5.647
5.634
5.620
5.606
5.592
5.579
5.565
5.55?
5.538
5.525
5.511
5.498
5.485
5.472
5.45°
5.446
5.433
5.420
5.407
5.394
5.382
5.36"
5.357
5.344
5.332
5.31°
5.307
5.295
5.282
5.270
5.25fl
5^246
.009
5.760
5.745
5.731
5.717
5.702
5.'688
5.674
5.660
5.646
5.632
5.618
5.605
5.591
5.577
5.564
5.550
5.537
5.523
5.510
5.497
5.484
5.471
5.457
5.444
5.432
5.419
5.406
5.393
5.380
5.368
5.355
5.343
5.330
5.318
5.306
5.293
5.281
5.26°
5.257
5.245
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT, MARCH 1, 1966
- 52 -
-------
CARBON DIOXIDE TROM CO/C02 PATIO
.000 .001 .002 .003 .OOU .COS .006 -007 .OOfl .00°
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.qi
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.93
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3. 04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3. 14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
5.244
5.232
5.220
5.208
5.196
5.184
5.172
5.161
5.149
5.138
5.126
5.115
5.103
5.092
5.081
5.069
5.058
5.047
5.036
5.025
5.014
5.003
U.992
4.981
4.970
4.959
4.0149
4.938
4.927
.4.917
4.906
4.896
4.885
.4.875
4.864
4 . e ~>4
4.8-4
4.834
4.823
4.813
5.242
5.230
5.1.18
5.207
5.195
5.1P.3
5.171
5.160
5.148
5.136
5.125
5.113
5.102
5.0Q1
5.079
5.068
5.057
5.046
5.035
5.024
5.013
5.002
4.9°1
4.980
4.969
".958
4.948
4.937
".926
4.916
4.905
".8Q5
4 . 684
'1.874
".863
".653
4.843
4.833
".822
4.812
5.2"!
5.229
5.217
5.205
5.194
5.182
5.170
5.158
5.1"7
5.135
5.124
5.112
5.101
5.090
5.078
5.067
5.056
5.045
5.034
5.023
5.012
5.001
4.agn
4.970
4 .968
4.Q57
4.946
4.936
4.925
4.Q15
4.904
4.894
4.P83
4.873
4. p62
4.P52
4.842
4.832
4.821
4.fill
5.240
5.228
5.216
5.204
5.192
5.181
5.169
5.157
5.1"6
5.134
5.123
5.111
5.100
5.088
5.077
5.066
5.055
5.044
5.032
5.021
5.010
4.999
4.9R9
4.978
4.967
4.956
4.945
4.935
4.924
4.914
4.903
4.893
4.882
4.872
4.861
4.851
4.841
4.831
4.820
4.810
5.23°
5.227
5.215
5.203
5.191
5.179
5.168
5.156
5.144
5.133
5.121
5.110
5.090
5.087
5.076
5.065
5.054
5.042
5.031
5.020
5.00°
4.998
4.987
4.977
4.966
4.955
4.944
4.934
4.923
4.912
4.902
4.891
4.881
4.871
4.860
4.850
4.840
4.830
4.819
4.809
5.238
5.226
5.214
5.202
5.190
5.178
5.167
5.155
5.143
5.132
5.120
5.109
5.097
5.086
5.075
5.064
5.052
5.041
5.030
5.010
5.008
4.997
4.986
4.976
4.965
4.95"
4.943
4.933
4.922
4.911
4.901
4.890
4.880
4.870
4.859
4.A40
4.330
4.828
4.818
4.808
5.236
5.224
5.212
5.201
5.189
5.177
5.165
5.154
5.142
5.131
5.119
5.108
5.096
5.085
5.074
5.063
5.051
5.040
5.029
5.018
5.007
«*.996
4.Q85
4.974
4.964
4.953
4.942
4.Q32
4.921
4.910
u.900
4.889
4.87Q
4.869
4.858
".848
".838
'-^.827
4.817
4.807
5.?35
5.223
5.211
5.1Q9
5.188
5.176
5.164
5.153
5.141
5.129
5.118
5.107
5.005
5.0«4
5.073
5.061
5.uSO
5.P3C
5.028
5.017
5.006
4. 005
4.0*4
4.Q73
".963
".052
4.041
4.o.^C
4.920
4.Q09
'4 . RQ9
4.PP8
4. «78
4..A68
4.^57
4.847
4. P. 37
".826
".A16
4.ffl6
C..23"
5.222
5.210
5.198
5.186
5.175
5.163
5.151
5.140
5.128
5.117
5.105
5.094
5.0ft3
5,071
5.060
5.049
5.038
5.027
5.016
5.005
4.9Q4
4.983
4.07?
4 . 96?
4.951
4.940
4.02°
4.91P
4.908
4.898
4.887
4.877
4.867
4.856
4.846
4.836
4.825
4.815
4.805
5.233
5.221
5.20°
5.197
5.185
5.174
5.162
5.150
5.139
5.127
5.116
5.10"
5.093
5.082
5.070
5.05°
5.048
5.037
5.026
5.015
5.004
4.993
4.982
4.971
4.^60
4.950
4.939
4.928
4.918
4.907
4.807
4.886
4.876
4.865
4.855
4.845
".835
4.824
4.814
4.80"
ETHYL CORPORATIOMr DETROIT, MRCH 1 , 1966
- 53 -
-------
CAROON DIOXIDE FROM CO/C02 RATIO
.000 .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .008 .00°
3.20
3.21
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.29
3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
3.31
3.35
3.36
3.37
3.38
3.39
3.40
3,41
3.42
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.47
3.48
3.49
3.50
3.51
3.52
3.53
3.54
3.55
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59
1.803
4.793
4.783
4.773
4.763
4.753
4.743
4.734
4.724
4.714
4.704
4.695
4.685
4 . 676
4.666
4.656
4.647
4.638
4.628
4.619
4.610
4.600
4.591
4.582
4.573
4.564
4.555
4.545
".536
4.527
4.519
4.510
4.501
4.492
4.483
4.474
4.466
4.457
4.448
4.440
4.802
4.792
4. 7R2
4.772
4.762
4.752
4.742
4.733
4.723
4.713
4.703
4.694
4.384
4.675
4.665
4.656
4.646
4.637
4.627
4.618
4.609
4.599
4.590
4.5R1
4.572
4.563
4.554
4.545
4.536
4.527
4.518
4.509
4.500
4.491
4.482
4.473
4.465
4.456
4.447
4.439
4.801
4.79J
4.781
4.771
4.761
4.751
4.741
4.732
4.722
4.712
4.702
4.693
4.683
4.674
4.664
4.655
4.645
4.636
4.62ft
4.617
4.608
4.598
4.589
4,580
4.571
4.562
4.553
4.544
4.535
4.526
4.517
4.508
4.49P
4.490
4.481
4.473
4.464
4.455
1.446
4.438
4.800
4.790
4.780
4.770
4.760
4.750
4.740
4,731
4.721
4.711
4.701
4.692
4.682
4.673
4.663
4.654
4.644
4.635
4.625
4.616
4.607
4.598
4.588
4.579
4.570
4.561
4.552
4.543
4.534
4.525
4.516
4.507
4.498
4.489
".480
<».472
4 . 463
4.454
4.446
4.437
4.79C
4.78°
4.77^
4.769
4.759
4.749
4.739
4.730
4*720
4.710
4.701
4.691
4.681
4.672
4.662
4.653
4.643
4.634
4.624
4.615
4.606
4.597
4.587
4.578
4.56"
4.560
4.551
4.542
4.533
4.524
4.515
'1.506
4.497
4.4J8
4.480
4.471
4.462
4.453
4.445
4.436
4.798
4.788
4.778
4.768
4.758
4.748
4.738
4.720
4.719
't.709
4.700
4.690
4.680
4.671
4.661
4.652
4.642
4.633
4.624
4.614
4.605
4.596
4.586
'(.577
fc.568
4.559
4.550
4.541
4.532
4.523
4.514
4.505
4.4°6
4.487
i'. 479
4.470
4.461
4.453
4.444
4-435
4.797
4.787
4.777
4 . 767
4.757
4.747
4.737
4.728
4.718
4.708
4.699
4.689
4.67P
4.670
4.660
4.651
4.641
4.632
4.623
4.613
4.604
4.595
4.586
4.576
4.567
4.558
4.549
4.540
4.531
4.522
f .513
4.504 .
4.495
4.487
4.478
4.469
4.460
4.452
4.443
4.434
4. 7Q&
4.7P6
4.776
4.766
4.756
4.746
4. 7*7
4.727
4. M7
4.707
4.698
4,6«8
4.678
4.669
4.659
4.650
. 4.640
4.631
4.622
4.612
4.603
4.504
4.5«5
4 . 5 '5
4.S66
4.S57
4.548
4.S39
4.R3.T
4.521
4.M2
4.S03
4.405
4.4^6
4.477
4.468
4.45°
4.451
4.442
4.434
4.795
4.7ft5
'4.775
4.765
4.755
4. 74'-
4.736
4.726
4.716
4 . 706
4.697
4.687
4.677
4.668
4.658
4.649
4.639
4.630
4.621
4.611
4.602
4.593
4.584
4.575
4.565
4.556
4.547
4.538
4.52°
4.520
4.511
4.501
4.494
4.485
4.476
4.46?
4.45'1
4.450
4.441
u.433
4.70'»
4.784
4.774
4.764
4.754
4. 744
4.735 i
4.725 !
4.715 i
4.705 i
i
4.696
4.686
4.676
4i6f>7
4.657 .
4.6UB
4.63C
4.621
U.t20
4.611
4.601
4.592
4.5£3
4.574
4.565
4.555
4.546
4.537
4 . 528
4.519
4.510
4.502
4.403
4.484
4.475
4.466
4.458
4.440
4.440 ;
4.432 ;
ETHYL CORPORATION, DETROIT. VARCH 1, 1966
- 54 -
-------
CARBON OIOXIDF FROM CO/CO? RATIO
.000 .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006 .007 .OOfl .009
3.60
3.61
3.62
3.63
3.64
3.65
3.66
3.67
3 . 6o
3.69
3.70
3.71
3.72
3.73
3.74
3.75
3.76
3.77
3.78
3.79
3.80
3.81
3.82
3.83
3.84
3.ft5
3. 86
3.67
3.88
3.89
3.90
3.91
3.92
3.93
3.94
3.Q5
3.96
3.97
3.98
3.99
4.431
4.422
4.414
4.405
4.397
4.388
4.380
4.372
4.3G3
4.355
4.347
4.339
4.330
".322
4.314
4.306
4.298
4.290
4.282
4.274
4.266
4.258
4.250
4.242
4.234
4.226
4.219
4.211
4.203
4.195
4.188
4.180
4.172
4.165
4.157
4.150
4.142
4.135
4.127
4.120
4.430
4.422
4.413
4.405
4.30&
4.388
4.379
4.371
l. 1 - t
•» • JO^
4.354
4.346
4.338
4.330
4.321
4.313
4.305
4.2Q7
4.289
4.2H1
4.273
4.265
4.257
4.249
4.241
4.233
4.226
4.218
4.210
4.202
4.195
4.187
4.179
4.172
4.164
4.156
4.149
U.141
4.134
4.126
4.119
4.420
4.421
4.412
4.404
4.395
4.387
4.378
4.370
« , f f. *\
•* • ^Ot
4.353
4.34S
4.337
4.329
4 . 3? 1
4.312
4.304
4.296
4.288
. 4.280
4.272
4.264
4.256
4.24R
4.240
4. £33
4.225
4.217
4.209
4.201
4. 194
4.186
4.178
4.171
4.163
4.1L.6
4.148
4.141
4.133
4.126
4.1 18
4.428
4.420
4.411
4.403
4.394
4.386
4.378
4.369
4.3&1
4.353
4.344
4.336
4.328
4.320
4.312
4.303
4.295
4.287
4.279
4.271
4.263
4.255
4.248
4.240
4.232
u.224
4.216
4.208
4.201
4.193
4.185
4.178
4.170
4.162
4.155
4.147
4.140
4..132
4.125
4.118
4.428
4.419
4.410
4.402
4.394
4.385
4.377
4.068
'4.360
4.352
4.343
4.335
4.327
4.319
4.311
4.303
4.295
4.287
4.278
4.271
4.263
a. 255
4.247
4.239
4.231
4.223
4.215
4.208
4.200
4.19?
4.185
4.177
4.160
4.162
4.154
4.147
4.13°
4.132
4.12U
4.117
4.427
4.418
4.410
4.401
4.393
4.384
4.376
4.368
|i TCO
*T « *y *J '
4.351
4 . 3'- 3
4.334
4.326
4.318
4.310
4.302
4.294
4.286
4.278
4.270
4.262
4.254
4.246
4.238
4.230
4.222
4.215
4.207
4.199
4.191
4. 184
4.176
4.169
4.161
4.153
4.146
4.138
4.131
4.123
4.116
4.426
4.417
4.409
4.400
4.392
4.383
4.375
4.367
4.358
4.350
4.342
4.334
4.325
4.317
4.309
4.301
4.293
In. 285
4.277
4.269
4.261
4.253
4.245
4.237
4.22Q
4.222
4.214
4.206
4.198
4.191
4.183
4.175
4.168
4.160
4.153
4.145
4.138
4.130
4.123
4.115
4.4?5
4.416
4.408
4 . 309
4.301
4.3P3
4.374
4 . 366
4.35R
4.349
4.341
4.333
4.3?5
4.316
4.30R
4.300
4.2°2
4.284
4.276
4.268
4.260
4.?52
4.244
4.237
4.?29
4.221
4.213
4.205
4.1 OR
4.100
4.]R2
4. 175
4.1^7
4.159
4.15?
4.104
4.1^7
4.1?o
4.1??
4.115
4.424
4.416
4.407
4.390
4.390
4.38?
4.373
4.365
4.357
4.348
4.340
4.332
4.324
4.316
4.308
4.209
4.291
4.283
4.275
4.267
4.259
4.251
4.244
4.236
4.22ft
u.220
4.212
4.205
4.197
4.189
4.18?
4.174
4.166
4.150
4.151
4. 144
4.136
4.120
4.121
4.114
4.423
4.415
4.406
4. 398
4.3RO
4.381
4.373
4.364
4»356
4.348
4.339
4.331
4.323
, 4.315
4.307
4.299
4.201
4.283
4.275
4.267
4.259
4.251
4.243
4.235
4.22V
4.210
4.212
4.204
4.106
4.1RR
4.1R1
4.173
4.166
4.15P
4.150
4.143
4.135
4.1CR
4.121
4.113
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT, MARCH It 1966
-55-
-------
EXHAUST/AIR MOLAR-RATIO FROM A/F RATIO
.00 .01 ".02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .Op .0«
fl.O 1.178 1.177 1.177 1.176 1.175 1.174 1.174 i.173 1.172 1.171
8.1 1.171 1.170 1.169 1.168 1.168 1.167 1.166 1.166 1.165 1.164
8.2 1.163 1.L63 1.162 1.161 1.1611.160 1.15° 1.158 1.15a 1.157
8.3 1.156 1.156 1.155 1.154 1.154 1.153 1.152 1.151 1.151 1.150
«.4 1.149 1.149 1.148 1.147 1.147 1.146 1.145 1.145 1.144 1.143
8.5 1.143 1.142 1.141 1.141 1.140 1.139 1.139 1.133 1.137 1.137
8.6 1.136 1.135 1.135 1.134 1.133 1.133 1.132 1.132 1.131 1.130
8.7 1.130 1.129 1.128 1.128 1.127 1.126 1.126 1.125 1.125 1.124
8.8 1.123 1.123 1.122 1.121 1.121 1.120 1.120 1.119 1.118 1.118
8.9 1.117 1.117 1.116 i.115 1.115 1.114 1.114 1.113 1.112 1.112
9.0 1.111 1.111 1.110 1.109 1.109 1.108 1.108 1.107 1.106 1.106
9.1 1.105 1.105 1..104 1.104 1.103 1.102 1.102 1.101 1.101 1.100
9.2 1.100 1.099 1.098 1.098 1.097 1.097 1.096 1.096 I.OP* 1.0Q4
9.3 1.094 1.093 1.093 1.092 1.092 1.0°l 1.0°1 1.0«0 1.090 J.089
9.4 1.088 1.088 1.087 1.087 1.086 l.Obo 1.085 1.085 1.084 1.034
9.5 1.083 1.083 1.082 1.082 1.081 1.011 1.080 1.080 1.07Q 1.078
9.6 1.078 1.077 1.077 1.076 1.076 1.075 1.075 1.074 1.074 1.073
9.7 1.073 1.072 1.072 1.071 1.071 1.070 1.070 1.069 1.0&Q 1.068
9.8 1.068 1.067 1.067 J.067 1.066 1.066 1.065 1.065 1.064 1.064
9.9 1.063 1.063 1.062 1.062 1.061 1.061 1.060 1.060 1.05° 1.059
10.0 1.058 1.058 1.058 1.057 1.057 1.056 1.056 1.055 1.055 1.054
10.1 1.054 1.053 1.053 1.053 1.0S2 1.052 1.051 1.051 1.050 1..050
10.2 1.049 1.049 1.049 1.048 1.048 1.047 1.047 1.046 1.046 1.046
10.3 1.045 1.045 1.044 1.044 1.043 1.043 1.043 1.042 1.04? 1.041
10.4 1.041 1.040.1.040 1.040 1.03° 1.039 1.038 1.033 1.03R 1.037
10.5 1.037 1.036 1.036 1.036 1.035 1.035 1.034 1.034 T.034 1.033
10.6 1.033 1.032 1.032 1.032 1.031 1.031 1.030 1.030 1.030 1.T2Q
10.7 1.029 1.028.1.028 1.02R 1.027 1.027 1.027 1.026 1.026 1.025
10.8 1.025 1.025 1.024 1.024 1.024 1.023 1.023 1.022 1.022 1.022
10.9 1.021 1.021 1.021 1.020 1.020 1.019 1.019 1.019 1.01R 1.018
11.0 1.018 1.017 1.017 1.017 1.016 1.016 1.016 1,015 1.015 1.015
11.1 1.014 1.014 1.Ci3 1.013 1.013 1.012 1.012 1.012 1.011 1.011
11.2 1.011 1.010 1.010 1.010 1.00° 1.009 1.0 1 1.008 1.00ft l."08
11.3 1.007 i.007 1.007 1.006 1.006 1.006 1.005 1.005 1.005 1.004
11.4 1.004 1.004 1.004 1.003 1.003 1.003 1.002 1.002 1.002 1.001
11.5 1.001 1.001 1.000 1.000 1.000 .909 .999 .099 .°oo
11.6 .998 .998 .997 .997 .997 .9^6 .996 .996 .9ofr .005
11.7 .995 .995 .994 ."94 .9^4 .903 .993 ,°93 .O9:i .Q92
11.8 .°H2 .902 .Q91 ,°91 .991 ,9Q1 ,9°-0 ,°90 .QQ0 .°89
11.9 .989 .989 .989 .9S8 .988 .988 .937 .Q87 .°87 .087
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT. MARCH 1.
- 56-
-------
EXHAUST/AiR MOLAR-RATIO FROM ft/F RATIO
.00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .Oft .no
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.3
12. 4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.o
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14.0
i4.i
14.2
la. 3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15.0
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
.986
.984
.981
.978
.976
.974
.V71
.969
.967
*964
.962
.960
.956
.956
.954
.952
.950
' .948
.946
.945
.943
.941
.939
.937
.936
.934
.932
.932
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.9j3
.934
.934
.934
. .934
.935
.935
.986
.983
.981
.978
.976
.973
.971
.969
.966
."6**
.962
.960
.958
.956
.954
.952
.950
.948
.946
.944
.943
.941
.939
.937
.936
.934
.932
.932
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.934
*934
.934
.934
.934
.935
.935
.986
.983
.981
..978
.976
.973
.°71
.968
.966
,054
.Q62
.960
.958
.956
.954
.952
.950
.948
.946
.944
.942
.9U1
.<; '
.937
.935
.934
.932
.933
.933
.Q33
.1'33
.933
.933
.034
.934
.934
.934
.934
.935
.935
.986
.983
.980
.978
.975
.973
.970
.968
.Q66
.964
.962
.Q59
.957
.955
.953
.951
.950
.948
.946
.944
.942
.940
.939
.^37
.'•35
.934
.032
.933
.033
.933
.933
.933
.033
.934
.934
.934
.934
.034
.9.T5
.935
.985
.983
.980
.977
.975
.973
.970
.968
.966
.963
.961
.959
.957
.955
.953
.951
.949
.947
.946
.944
.942
.940
.930
.937
.935
.933
.932
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.934
.934
.934
.934
.934
.935
.935
.985
.982
.980
.977
.975
.972
.970
.968
.065
.9n3
.961
.959
.057
.955
.953
.951
.949
.947
.945
.944
.942
.940
.938
.937
.935
.933
.932
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.934
.934
.934
.934
.934
.935
.935
.985
.982 .
.980
.077
.975
.972
.970
.Oo7
.965
.063
.961
.959
.957
.955
.953
.951
.949
.947
.945
.943
.942
.940
.938
.936
.935
.933
.932
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.934
.934
.934
.934
.935
.935
.035
,°84
.082
.979
.077
.974
.072
.070
.067
.°65
.063
.061
.059
.957
.055
.953
.951
.Q49
.Q47
.01*5
.943
.941
.040
,°38
.°36
.935
.033
.032
.933
.933
.933
.°33
.033
.033
.034
.°34
.034
.034
.°35
.935
.°35
.opu
.982
.970
.976
.974
.07?
.°6o
.967
.965
.°63
.960
.958
.956
.954
.952
.950
.94Q
.947
.045
.94?
.941
.940
.93P
.936
.934
.933
.932
.933
.Q33
.933
.033
.°33
.033
.0344
.034
.974
.934
.o?5
.°35
.93*
.084
.ofll
.979
.076
.074
.071
.069
.067
.°65
.'362
.060
.058
.056
.954
.052
.050
.Q48
.Q47
.°45
.043
.941
.030
.^38
.Q36
.07.4
.933
.032
.033
.033
.033
,033
.033
.033
.034
.034
.034
.034
.035
.035
.035
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT, f-'ARCH 1» 1966
- 57 .
-------
FXHAUST/AIR MOLAR-RATIO FROM A/F RATIO
.00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08
no
16.0
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16. fl
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.14
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18.0
18.1
13.2
18.3
13.4
1 * . 5
13.6
13.7
13.8
18.9
.935
.935
.936
.936
.936
.937
.937
.937
.938
.938
.938
.939
.939
.939
.940
.9i*0
.9<4l
.941
.9^2
.9U2
.943
.943
.943
.9414
.944
.9145
.94^
.946
.«,'<* 7
,947
.935
.935
,9?6
.936
.936
.937
.937
.937
.938
.938
.938
.939
.939
.9140
.940
.
-------
CORRECTION FACTOR FOR GAS VOLUMES TO 68 F
.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 fl.OO
-50.0
-40.0
-30.0
-20.0
-10.0
-.0
.0
10. 0
20.0
JO.O
40.0
50.0
f 3.0
70.0
flO.O
90.0
100.0
110. 0
120.0
130.0
140.0
150.0
160.0
170.0
ifto.o
1Q0.0
20Q.O
2in.o
220.0
1.577
1.510
1.447
1.388
1.333
1.282
1.282
1.233
1.187
1.144
1.103
1.064
1.028
.993
.960
.929
.900
.871
.844
.819
.794
.771
,7i49
.728
.707
.688
.669
.651
.63^
1.584
1.516
l.'<453
1.394
1.339
1.287
1.277
1.228
1.103
l.luu
1.0^9
1.061
1.024
.900
.957
.926
.897
.869
.842
.816
.7Q2
.769
.7u7
.726
.705
.686
.667
.650
.633
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
*
1
1
1
1
1
.591
.523
.459
.400
.344
.2Q2
.272
.22«*
.178
.136
.095
.057
.021
.987
.954
.°?3
.804
.866
.839
.814
.7QO
.767
.7U5
.724
.703
.6R4
.666
.648
.631
.1.5°R
1.529
1.465
1.406
1.350
1.297
1.267
1.219
1.174
1.131
1.001
1.053
1.017
.983
.951
.920
.891
.863
.837
.811
.787
.764
.742
.721
.701
.682
.664
.646
.629
1.605
1.536
1.472
1.411
1.355
1.302
1.262
1.214
1.170
1.127
1.087
1.050
1.014
.980
.948
.917
.888
.860
.834
.800
.785
. 762
.7uO
.710
.6^0
.680
.662
.644
.628
1.612
1.543
1.478
1.417
1.360
1.307
1.257
1.210
1.165
1.1P3
1.083
1.046
1.010
.977
.94.5
.Q14
.885
.858
.831
.807
.783
.760
.738
.717
.6°7
.678
.660
.643
.6?6
1.619
1.54Q
1.484
1.423
1.366
1.312
1.252
1.205
1.161
1 . 1 19
1.080
1*042
1.C07
.973
.041
.911
.882
.855
.829
.804
.780
.758
.736
.715
.696
.677
.658
.641
.624
1.626
1.556
1.400
1.429
1.372
1.318
1.247
1.201
1.157
• • * r
i . 1 15
1.176
1.039
1.003
,Q70
.938
.008
.880
.852
.826
.H02
.^78
.755
.734
.713
.69U
.675
.657
.639
.623
1.634
1.563
1.407
1.43S
1.377
1.323
1.24-*
1.1°6
1.15?
1..111
1.07?
1.035
1.000
.967
.035
.00*;
.877
.850
.824
.700
.776
.753
.73?
.713
.69?
.67T
.65^
.63o
.621
1.641
1.^70
1.503
1.441
1.383
1.328
1.P38
1.1°2
1.148
1.107
1.068
1.031
.007
.064
.032
.002
.874
.At»7
.P?.l
.797
.773
.751
.730
.700
.6°0
.671
.653
.636
.619
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT, '-1APCH j,
- 59 -
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VAPOR PRESSURE OF 'A'ATER. IN. HG AT PEG. P
.00 i.oo 2.no 3.00 a.on 5.00 6.00 7.00 P.OO 9.on
.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
<*0.0
.0^5
.071
.109
.166
.248
.047
.074
.114
.173
.258
.049
.077
.119
.180
.268
.051
.081
.124
.188
.278
.054
.084
.130
.195
.28'i
.056
.088
.135
.203
.300
.059
.092
.141
.212
.312
.062
.096
.147
.2?0
.324
.06*
.100
.153
.?2«
.336
.06"
.105
.160
.238'
.34°
50.0 .363 .376 .390 .U05 .120 .436 .452 .469 .486 .50?
60.0 .522 .541 .560 .580 .601 .622 .644 .667 .690 .715
70.0 .739 .765 .791 .818 .846 .875 .905 .935 .°67 ,99O
80.0 1.032 1.067 1.102 1.138 1.175 1.214 1.253 1.2°3 1.335 1.37n
90.0 1.422 1.467 1.513 1.561 1.610 1.660 1.712 1.765 1.820 1.876
100.0 1.933 1.992 2.053 2.115 2.178 2.244 2.311 2-?7P 2.U50
110.0 2.596 2.673 2.750 2.830 2.91? 2.996 3.082 3.170 3.?61 3.353
120.0 S.UUR 3.5U5 3.6H 3.7U6 3.85n 3.957 4.066 U.178 4.292
ETHYL CORPORATIOMt OETPOIT, '/A^CH 1, 1966
- 60 -
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APPENDIX IV. RUNNING THE DATA
This appendix is a series of instructions for running the car exhaust
surveillance data on the Ethyl Corporation IBM 1620 Model II Digital
Computer. This computer has a 60-K decimal digit memory core, automatic
division, and indirect addressing.
The two programs TRAILR and CITABL are available as complete pro-
gram deck packages ready to load. The starting address is 00946,
EDITING RAW DATA DECK
1. The. "raw data deck" is the deck of punched cards received from the
key puncher. It can be edited in whole or part.
j
2. Sort the portion of the deck being edited as follows: Col. 80, 79,
78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73, 72, 71. Note the permissible slots as the sort
proceeds (Table 5). Take out any exceptions and examine the cards. Correct
and put in order.
3, List the sorted "raw data deck" double-spaced.
4. Load program TRAILR. Put Switch 1-ON for EDIT MODE and
Switch 2 ON for the first run through. Load the data deck. The typewriter
will show the run number. Variables out of range are listed. Refer to the
computer program listing for the identification. Some errors of omission can
be corrected arbitrarily. Ambient barometric pressure, temperature and
humidity can usually be supplied from a companion run on the same day. A
missing odometer reading can be estimated from the other repeat run on the
same vehicle. A gross error, or a very wrong integrator calibration, can
usually be supplied. The deck cards should be fed in about 30 cards at a
time since, the message
I/O ER 3
SKIP
will lead to a blind reading of all cf the cards in the input hopper. If this
happens, press INSTANT STOP and RESET and branch back to the beginning
by pressing INSERT and typing
4900946 R/S.
Reload starting at the first card of the next run following the bad one.
Examine the listing for a gross input error.
5. If Switch 2 is OFF the computer halts permitting a reload of a run
with an error. Press START.
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6. Not all errors may be detected in the first pass. After correction
of the first batch, repeat the editing process. Eventually all obvious errors
can be picked up.
7. There still may be less obvious errors which will not show up until
the comparison tables are made using the CITABL program.
RUN SUMMARY TABLES
1. The Run Summary Tables are prepared using the TRAILR program
with Switch 1 OFF and Switch 3 OFF. The input is the edited raw data deck,
which need not include all runs.
2. Load program TRAILR. Put Switch 1 OFF, Switch 2 ON, Switch 3
OFF. Load dala deck. The output is about 7000 cards for a full set of rur.s
for a visit.to a city; roughly 57 cards per run.
3. List these with format control. Save the deck, labeling it with the
VISIT-CITY code. Mark it RUN SUMMARIES.
REFURBLSHED DATA DECK AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS DECK
1. Cards for the Refurbished Data Deck and the Statistical Analysis
Deck have already been generated in the Run Summary preparation. They can
be. sorted out on Col. 79; the Refurbished Data Deck falls in Slot 0, the Statisti-
cal Analysis Deck in Slot 3, and the Run Summary cards in tho reject slot. It
is desirable, for record purposes, to keep the Run Summary output material
together. A fresh run with Switch 3 ON bypasses the Run Summary card output.
2. Load program TRAILR. Put Switch 1 CFF, Switch 2 ON, and Switch 3
ON. Load the same edited data deck used above. The output is about 18 cards
per run.
3. Sort the output on Col. 79. Discard rejects. Slot 0 has Refurbished
Data Deck. Slot 3 has Statistical Analysis Deck.
4. Save these until all the runs for a visit to a city have been processed.
At that time, sort the Refurbished Data Deck on Col. 80, 78, 77, 76, 73, 74.
It is possible that two runs have the same code number by accident. If time
permits, run this sorted Refurbished Data Deck using TRAILR in EDIT MODE,
that is, Switch 1 ON, Switch 2 ON.
COMPARISON TABLES - EFFLUENT VARIABLES
1. The Variable Comparison Tables3 are prepared using Program
CITABL using a complete set of runs for a visit to a city. The input is the
Refurbished Data Deck.
2. Sort the Refurbished Data Deck on Col. 80, 78, 77, 76, 73, 74.
a- These tables are often termed Table 2 as in the original contract.
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3. Load Program CITABL. Put Switch 1 ON to skip typing of run
numbers if desired. Load data deck. The deck will read in until near the
end when output punching will start. (The balance of the cards are for runs
with Ethyl Corp. Plymouths. Run these cards out, since they are not needed.
Messages will be typed at load time indicating runs on Ethyl cars which are
skipped.)
COMPARISON TABLES - ALL VARIABLES
1. Comparison tables for all variables including those not considered
in the previous section can be obtained using the following procedure.
2. Two passes are needed. The "pass" cards described below are loaded
first, then the data deck.
3. The Pass 1 c.ard has the following numbers if 13 formal across tlie
card:
1 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
The Pass 2 card has similarly
2 9 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
(The first integer indicates the pass, the second the number of variables in the
output list which follows. 'The numbers in the list are variable storage numbers
defined in a later section. )
4. Load Program CITABL, the Pass 1 Card, and the Refurbished Data
Deck. As soon as tne punch starts remove the balance of the data deck (use
non-process run out) and reload with the Pass-2 Card now-in front instead of
the Pass 1 Card. The Pass 2 input will start as soon as the punching of Pass 1
is completed.
5. In order to obtain comparison tables for part of the variables repeat
the above procedure using a Pass card containing the required information in
13 format:
Col. 3 . Pass No.
Col. .5,6 Number of variable comparisons to be punched
out in this pass.
Col. 8,9, etc. Variable storage numbers of variables to be
processed in this-pass.
The storage number for each variable is shown in Table 6. For example, to
make comparison tables for A/F ratio (Pass 1, Storage No. 5), CO/COz scaled
HC-FID, ppmc (Pass 1, Storage No. 10), N'2 scaled ^C-FID, ppmc (Pass 2,
Storage No. 10), and CO/CO? scaled HC-FID, Ib/mile (Pass 1, Storage No. 17).
The following cards for Pass i and 2 respectively are needed:
1 3 5 10 17
2 1 10
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TABLE 5. PERMISSIBLE CODE VALUES
Column
80
79
78
76, 77
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
Information
Serial card number
Card set number
Repeat run
Car number
Units
Tens
Sampler number
Car make
Device
Visit
Permissible values
0 to 9
0
1. 2
0 to 9
1. 9
1 to 9
1. 2, 3
1, 2
1, 2, 3, 4
A C.
TABLE 6. NUMBERING OF VARIABLES-FOR COMPARISON TABLE MAKER
IBM 1620 PROGRAM CITABL
Pass 1
Storage
Number
1
2
3
4
5
. 6
7
15
8
9
10
11
12
13
Variable
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
15
CO/CO2
8
9
10
11
12
13
Variable
Name
Serial run no.
Odometer
Miles/hour
N2 dilution ratio"
A/F ratio
SCF air/mile
SCF exh/mile
Carburetor temp.
scaled data
Miles /gal
HC-IR, ppmc
HC-FID ppmc
CO, per cent
CO2> per cent
NOx, ppm
N£ scaled data
16
17
18
19
20
14
16
17
18
19
20
14
HC-IR, Ib/mile
HC-FID, Ib/mile
CO, Ib/mile
CO2, Ib/mile
NOx, Ib/mile
O2> per cent
Variable
Number
1
2
3
23
24
25
26
15
NZ
27
28-
29
30
31
32
NZ
16
17
18
19
20
33
Pass 2
Variable
Name
Serial run no.
Odometer
Miles/hour .
Ambient' air temp.
Ambient local bar. pr.
(Open)
Per cent air
Carburetor temp.
scaled data
Miles/gal
HC-IR, ppmc
HC-FID, ppr-ic
CO, per cent
CO2> per cent
NOx, ppm
scaled data
HC-IR, Ib/mile
HC-FID, Ib/mile
CO, Ib/mile
CO2, Ib/mile
NOx Ib/mile
O2» PC r cent
During Pass 1, all variables shown in that column arc stored and given
the storage numbers shown at the left. Similarly for Pass 2. Note that nine
variables are stored in both Pass 1 and Pass 2.
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