U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                       National Technical Information Service

                       PB-269 566
Methods of Computation of
Data  from Exhaust  Emission
Surveillance  Program
Ethyl Corp, Ferndale, Mich
Prepared for

National Air Pollution Control Administration, Ann Arbor, Mich Div of Motor
Vehicle Pollution Control
Jun 66

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                                            GR 66-27
METHODS OF COMPUTATION OF DATA
       FROM EXHAUST EMISSION
       SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM
              Prepared for the
           U. S. Public Health Service
         under Contract No. PH86-66-2
                   By
           ETHYL CORPORATION
           Ferndale. Michigan 48220
                June 1966

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4. Title and Subtitle
 Methods  of Computation  of Data  From Exhaust Emission
 Surveillance  Program
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
SHEET
1. Report No.
                                              2.
                                           5. Report Date
                                            June 1966
7. Author(s)
 George  W..Thomson.
                                          8. Performing Organization Rept.
                                            No.
9. I'erforminj; Organization Name and Address
 Ethyl  Corporation
 1600 West Eight  Mile Road
 Ferndale, Michigan   48220
                                           10. Project/Task/U o:k L'nit No.
                                          .11. Contract/Gram No.
                                             PH86-88-.2
i2. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
 U.S.  Public Health Service
 National Air  Pollution  Control  Administration
 Ann Arbor, Michigan  48105
                                          13. Type of Report i Period
                                             Covered
                                             Final  Rpt.
15. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstracts

  This  report  discusses  the handling of  the experimental  data for  each
 visit  to each  city during the  surveillance program. For  each visit to
 each city, two  repeat  runs are  made on  each of  10 cars of .the  same make
 without  an exhaust control device and on each of  10 different  cars of  the
 same make with  an exhaust control device.  Three makes of cars  are tested;
 there  are thus  120 separate runs  for each  visit to each  city.  The methods
 and computer  programs  described are used to process the  separate  runs
 and to.prepare  certain  comparison tables.
i7. Key tt'ords and Document Analysis.  I7a. Descriptors

 Air  pollution
 Motor  vehicles
 Exhaust  emissions
 Surveillance
 Data processing
 Computer programs
I7b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
 Emission  control
 17c. COSATI Field 'Group
 18. Availability Statement

 Release Unlimited
                                         I.
                                 19. Security Class (This
                                   Report)
                                 	UNCLASSIFIED '
                                 20. Security Class (This
                                   Page
                                 	UNCLASSIFIED
21. No. of Pages
                                                                      22. P-:c-
 FOB" NTis-33 I
             '°-73'  KXDORSKU [»Y ANSI AND L'NKSCO.
                                             THIS FORM MAY BK REPRODUCED

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                                                     GR 66-27
METHODS OF COMPUTATION OF DATA FROM
EXHAUST EMISSION SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM
           by  George W.  Thomson
              Prepared for the
         U.S.  Public Health Service
      Under Contract No. PH 86-66-2
                    by
             Ethyl Corporation
         Ferndale, Michigan 48220
              June 15, 1966

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                          TABLE OF CONTENTS

                               Methods of

     Computation of Data From Exhaust Emission Surveillance Program
Summary	        1
Contract	        1
Basic Data		        1
Editing and Data Deck Checking	,	        3
Manifold Air Oxidation Devices   	        3
Integrator Calibration    	        4
Average  Car Speed	        4
Correction of Gas  Volumes for Temperature and Pressure   	        4
Standard Cubic Feet Air Per Mile .  .  .	  .  . :	        5
Nitrogen Dilution Ratio    	,	        5
Equivalent Steady-State Air/Fuel Ratio	        5
Air/Fuel Ratio Calculation   	        6
Effective Dilution Ratio anil CO/COz Scaled Data	   •'    6
Per Cent Air Added	'.  .        7
Exhaust/Air Ratio	  .  .        7
Lb/Mile  of Effluents	        8
Calculated Miles Per Gallon	        9
Example of Calculation.  Run 1H49C	  .        9
Run Summary     .	       11
Refurbished Data Deck	       11
Statistical Analysis Deck	       12
                       Appendix I.  Program TRAILR
Introduction     	       14
Run Codes      	       14
Listing of Program TRAILR	       16
Preload for Program TRAILR	       32
             Appendix II.  Steady-State CO, COz» A/F Relations
Introduction	       34
Empirical Equations	      .34

                           Appendix III.  Tables
Introduction	       37
A/F from CO	       38
A/F from CO2  (rich)		  .       42
A/F from CO2  (lean)	       45
A/F from CO/COz    •	•	       46
E/A from A/F	       56
Correction Factor for Gas Volumes to 68°F	       59
Vapor  Pressure of Water	       60

                      Appendix IV.   Running The Data
Editing Raw Data Deck    	       61
Run Summary Tables     	'. ,  .  .-      62
Refurbished Data Deck and Statistical Analysis Deck	       62
Comparison Tables - Effluent Variables	       62
Comparison Tables - All Variables	       63

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 SUMMARY

      The methods used for the reduction of the data from the current car
 exhaust emission surveillance program are described.   The computations
 are first  discussed in general terms.  The detailed discussion which follows
 is based on the IBM 1620 program TRAILR used for editing and processing
 the data.   Newly-developed relations for the experimental concentration of
 CO and CO^ as a function of A/F, the air-fuel ratio, are presented.

 CONTRACT
      The work described herein was carried out by Ethyl Corporation in
 partial fulfillment of Contract PH86-66-2 for the Public Health Service.

 BASIC  DATA
      This report discusses the handling of the experimental data for each visit
 to each city during the surveillance program.  (The overall experimental design,
 which is described in the project contract, is not considered here. )  For each
 visit to each city, two repeat runs  are made on each of 10 cars of the same make
 without an exhaust control device and on each of  10 different cars of the  same
.make with an exhaust control device.  Three makes of cars (Chevrolet, Ford and
 Plymouth) owned by the  General Services Administration  (GSA) are tested.
 There are thus 120 separate runs for each visit to each city (plus a few on Ethyl-
 owned cars which are processed in the same way but not included in the  compari-
 son tables described further below).   The methods and computer programs
 described below are  used to process the  separate runs and to prepare certain
 comparison tables.

      The basic experimental information given in  Table 1  is considered to be
 essential for each  run.  Together with other information (which may or may not
 have been obtained) it is  entered on a key-punch form (Fig. 1) and  eventually
 punched on IBM cards.  Seven to 10 cards are needed for each run; these com-
 prise the Raw Data Deck.

      The IBM 1620 computer program TRAILR tests the input data for magni-
 tudes,  determines if needed  data are missing, and performs calculations to
 provide both a standard output summarizing the run (the Run Summary), punched
 cards useful as input for  further analysis of the re?ults (the Statistical Analysis
 Deck), and a completely redone input data deck (the ^Refurbished Data Deck) with .
 edited input data and newly calculated data from the program.  The Refurbished
'Data Deck is used  with a  companion program  CITABL to provide comparison
 tables for the variables.

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                           Table 1

Essential Run Information With FORTRAN Names and Symbols
FORTRAN   names
                                                Variable
^f f 1 \
J\ 1 A /
X(2)
X(4)
X(5)
X(6)
X{13)
X(24)
X(35)
X(14)
X<25)
X(36)
X(15)
X(26)
X(37)
X(16)
X(27)
X(38)
X{18)
X(19)
X(20)
X(21)
X(22)
X(23)
X(46)
X(47)
X(48)
KRUN
KLNO
ODOM
ELMILE
ELMIN
DELP1
DELP2
DELP3
CPM1
CPM2
CPM3
CTN
CTS
CTC
GTDFN
GTDFS
GTDFC
DEHCIR
DEHCFI
DECO
DECO2
DENOX
DEO2
TAMB
PAMB
HUMID
                         5-digit alphameric run number
                         1-digit sampler number
                              (code for laminar flow element)
                         odometer reading, miles
                         elapsed miles
                         elapsed minutes

                         integrator calibration pressures, delta P,  in.
                              the three are usually in
                              the ratio 1:  2:  4

                         integrator calibration, counts  per minute
                              at the three                 ;
                              pressures

                         nitrogen integrator counts
                         sampler integrator counts
                         carburetor integrator counts

                         nitrogen gas'temp. , deg. F
                         sampler gas temp. , deg. F
                         carburetor gas temp. , deg. F.

                         dilute exhaust (bag) hydrocarbon, IR, ppmc
                              hydrocarbon, FID,  ppmc
                              CO, per cent
                              CO^, per cent
                              NOx, ppm
                              O£«  per cent

                         ambient  air temperature
                         ambient  barometric pressure
                         relative  humidity,  per cent

                         license number
                              -  2 -

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                                                                              PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE SURVEILLANCE
                                                                                             Exhaust Emission
|l  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  5  1011  1213  14  15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 2?  28 29  30 31  32 3334 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4243 44 45 4647 48 4950 51 5253 54 55 56 57 58 59 6061 62 636465 66 67 6C 69 70 71 7273 74 7576 77 76 7980|    i
     Scu.il    5,_yi«-  c-w.«  r«»t        Odomtiei
   Run No.      *••      h' ••—*
               D
- Integrator	
 CPU        Counts
      • First
       License
                           Make
    Mo.    Day    Yi.
                             Time
        /     /
                                                           Miles
                               Elapsed
                               Mmulei
                                           ANALYST  REPORT


                                              liPH            Ratio
A/F
Ralio
                                                                                                                                E in..'Air
                                                                                                                                Ratio
                                                                            d. SCF/Mile	
                                                                      Air            Eiluusl
- Cas Temperature Oats -
                                                     Temp.'F.          Corr.
HC-IR          HC-FIO            CO
 ppmc            ppmc           Pet Cent
                                                                                                                                       CQz
                                                                                                                                      Per Cent
                                                                                                            NOi
                                                                                                            ppm
                                                Qj
                                              Per Cent
                                              Nitrogen
                                                                      — Dilute enhaust, observed data. •
•

. 1




•
                                              Sampler -
                                             Carburetor -
                                                                                                                     -Undiluted exhaust, calcd. data. —
•

•
I
                                                                    -Calculated emission weight, Ib. per mile. •
                                                                                                                                                                        Count Kttif
•

.11. 1
•

•
                                         Year
                                              DRIVER  REPORT

            Vehicle Model         Eng  Oisp.       Transmission      Device?   Samplei
                                                                                                                                       Oliver
                                      Analjrsit
Cilv       Amb. Temp.     Aim. Pr.      Rel.Hum.
                                                                                                        Pavement
                                                                                                                                             Traffic
                                                                                                                                                                        Owna
   Up to  S comment  cords con follow.  Cot. 80
                   9  in  lost cord.
                                                                                                  Pilot 20C Mile Service
                                                                 Run Code
. 1
*

*

. 1 •
01
                                                                                                                                            Rim Code
*



. 1
"1
•
1 II . 1
03;
•

. 1
. I
04
                                                                                                                                                                                                        OS
                                                                                                                                                          06
r:




• ' *

>-



h'

0
0
3
0
0
2 3 '. b 6 7 S 9 10 1112 13 14 15 16 17 13 19 2021 ?2 23 24 25 26 2; 25 29 :G 31 32 3334 35 36 37 33 J9 40 4142 43 44 4548 4748 49 SO SI S2S3 S4 SS S6 S7 S8.S9SO Gl 626364 65 66 67 6869 70 71 72 n ?4 7S 76 7? 78 79 80
 ECD.120)  «'»•««.••»*

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EDITING AND DATA DECK CHECKING

      Computer program TRAILR has two functions,  editing the Raw Data Deck
and processing the data. In the Edit Mode,  with Program Switch 1 ON,  the Raw
Data Deck cards are scanned to detect missing data,  cards out of order, and
data outside reasonable magnitude limits, but there is no punched output.  After
all of these errors are corrected the  cards  are  edited again since some  errors
may not show up during the first pass.  If Program Switch 2 is OFF, there is a
computer pause to permit correction  and reload if an error is encountered.  It
is usually most  convenient to put Program Switch 2 ON to give continuous process-
ing  since the typed error messages provide an adequate record and the data cards
can be corrected in a batch.  The details of the  card checking features are now
described.

      Four data cards,  two required comment cards, and up to eight more
comment cards  are loaded in order.  A check is made that the cards are in the
correct order,  that is,  that the Col. 80 punch is successively 1,2,3,4,5 and 6,
followed optionally by 7 or 8.   (The 8 can be repeated.) The last comment card
must have 9 in Col.  80.  All cards must have the same run codes punched in
Col. 71 to 78 and Col.  79 must be zero.  If  these conditions are violated, a card
OUT OF ORDER message will  be typed,  and the computer will stop to allow
correction and reload, if Switch 2 is ON. The run number is typed as soon as
the  first card is read.   (Note that this is the first card following a  last card
with 9 in Col. 8? and, if a  card is out of order,  it may not be a card with 1 in
Col. 80.)

    -  Columns 71 to 78  contain the run codes described in a later section.  If
any of these are unreasonable, there  is an error message.   A similar message
appears if any "essential"  piece of data (Tabl:  1) is negative or zero, or if .the
Sampler Numbers in Col.  7 of  Card 1 and in Col. 75 of the run code do not agree.

      All of the  data are then checked to see if they lie between reasonable
limits. If not,  an error message is typed.   The lower limits for nonessential
data which may  not have been filled in have  been set at zero. If Switch 2 is ON,
the  calculations  are carried out even if some of the values do not pass the
magnitude tests.

      It is possible that some errors  may go undetected at this stage and may
only be discovered when the Comparison Tables are made.   Note that the
program TRAILR can process  any number of runs  since each run is handled
individually;  unnecessary run processing is avoided.

      The Edited Data Deck is  used as input to the  same program TRAILR for
the  data processing which is now described  in detail.   Program Switch 1 must
be ON for these calculations to be made.

MANIFOLD AIR OXIDATION DEVICES
      Minor differences in calculation are needed if an AIR-INJECTION
REACTOR (A. I. R. ) is used as the emission control device, as in the Fords
and Chevrolets.  Plymouth employs a different system,  their CLEAN AIR

                                    - 3 -

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PACKAGE (C.A.P.).  In the program, no device is coded MX = 1,  C.A.P.
is coded MX = 2, and A. I. R.  MX =3.

INTEGRATOR CALIBRATION                       :
      It is assumed that the counts per minute value is exactly proportional to
the pressure drop in inches of water for the laminar flow elements.  The three
calibration pressures are usually in the  ratio of 1: 2:  4.  If so, an average
calibration at the second pressure can be obtained by averaging the three
values.  However, the computer program uses a least squares solution which
does not require that the three pressures be in the 1:  2: 4 ratio.


         =          (DELP1/(CPM1) + (DELP2)(CPM2) + (DELP3)(CPM3)
                                (DELP2)
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for t = 32 to 122'Fi  where P is  in inches of mercury.  This equation is based
on our own evaluation of the experimental data (G. W.  Thomson, Ethyl Corp.
Report LTD 50-32 and subsequent investigations).  Extrapolation'below 32°F
leads to a small error which is  negligible as far as the pressure correction is
concerned.  The multiplying factor for this correction is

             PCORR = (PAMB - 0.01(HUMID)(PWAT))/29. 92126

where PAMB is the ambient barometric pressure, HUMID is the relative
humidity, per cent,  and  PV/AT is the vapor pressure of water.

      The observed counts for the nitrogen,  sampler and carburetor air are
designated CTN,  CTS and CTC.  The corresponding  corrected values are CCTN,
CCTS and CCTC.

      The sampler to carburetor count ratio, CTS/CTC, is expected to be close
to unity.   Its value ij termed  RATIO,  equivalent to X(45).
                                                                         j,
STANDARD CUBIC FF^T AIR PER MILE

      The amount of air  per mile is obtained from the carburetor counts (CCTC),
the cubic feet per count (CFPCT) and the mileage (ELMILE):

             SCFAIR =  (CCTC)(CFPCT)/ELMILE

Conversion to the amount of exhaust per mile requires a factor which depends
on the air-fuel ratio, which is discussed in a later section.

NITROGEN DILUTION RATIO
      The Nitrogen Dilution Ratio is equal to one .plus the  ratio of the nitrogen
counts to the sampler counts,  both temperature and pressure corrected.
Usually it is between 3. 0 and 4. 0, averaging about 3.3.   If we assume no
air-leakage into the system between the sampling bag and the tailpipe,  then
the Nitrogen Dilution Ratio (designated DILRAT in the program) can be used
as a scale-up factor to convert the sampling bag data to undiluted tailpipe
exhaust conditions.  Data scaled up in this way are termed

             N2 SCALED DATA

The label in the .Comparison Tables is

             DATA SCALED BY DILUTION RATIO FROM NITROGEN COUNTS

      It is obvious that the effective dilution ratio will be larger than DILRAT if
there is  air leakage into the bag from any source.

EQUIVALENT STEADY-STATE AIR/FUEL RATIO

      The air/fuel  ratio  (A/F) varies over a wide range in the course of the
eight-mile test run.  The exhaust sample can be considered a composite of a

                                   - 5 -

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equation is based
son, Ethyl Corp.
ation below 32°F
sure correction is
2126

s the relative
rburetor air are
ed values are CCTN,
expected to be close
retor counts (CCTC),
tor which depends
tio of the nitrogen
:e corrected.
we assume no
e tailpipe,  then
am) can be used
iluted tailpipe
                                        I
o
0
0
0
0
ITROGEN COUNTS

ger than DILRAT if
                                         L
ic course of  the
a composite  of a
          very large number of steady-state exhaust compositions each a
          an A/F.   There is no logical reason to believe that the correct
          (which we have no way of knowing) should correspond to a stea-
          calculated from '.he overall exhaust gas composition.  However
          tion appears to be a good one, perhaps because of compensatin
          an example, suppose that a car was operating 30 per cent of t!
          A/F  =  14 (cruise  com-'tions), 40 per cent at A/F  =  12 (full-thrc
          tion), 20 per cent at A/F = 16 (deceleration), and 10 per cent a
          The steady-state  percentages  ••{ CO and CO2 are  given below.'
            Per cent

              30
              40
              20
              10
          Totals
                                                                               A/F
                                                       CO
14
12
16
13
                                                         37
                                                         00
0.30
3.50
3.22,
The A/F from the overall CO is 13. 11 and from the overall CC
agreement within the experimental error of the  CO, CO2,  A/F
This case represents an extreme set of conditions; the many va
in'the real situation would tend to give an even  greater averag?
various modes of operation.

AIR/FUEL RATIO CALCULATION

      The equivalent steady-state A/F is estimated from the C
the bag sample using a set of newly derived  empirical equatioi
experimental steady-state data in multicylinder engines.   (The
presented in Appendix II.) It can be assumed safely that neithe
lost or added by leakage so that the CO/CO2 ratio in the bag sa
as in the exhaust.   In the computer program R is  the ± -;io of tl
bag CC>2:
                        R = DECO/DECO2
The concentrated CO£,  CECOZi is  the steady-state conditions  (
corresponding to the ratio of the steady-state CO to the steady-
to R.   CECO2 i? obtained from R and the A/F from CECO2.

EFFECTIVE DILUTION RATIO AND CO/COz SCALED DATA

      The ratio of the steady-state (concentrated)  CO£ to the ba
is another type of scale-up factor.  The  ratio

                        EFFDIL = CECO2/DECO2

can be termed an Effective Dilution Ratio.  Bag data scaled up
termed

                        CO/CO2  SCALED DATA
                                                                                      - 6 -

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The label in the Comparison Tables is

      DATA SCALED UP BY DILUTION RATIO FROM CO/CO2 CALCN.

      If the effective A/F, the CO and the CO£ concentrations are in good agree-
ment  with the experimental data used as a basis for the correlation, and no air
is added to the system between the combustion chamber and the sampling bag,
eitner accidentally (air-leak) or deliberately (A. I. R.  system) then the value of
EFFD.IL should be very close to DILRAT, from the nitrogen counts, and the
value of EFFDIL should not be less than DILRAT. If this should happen,  the
value of EFFDIL is shown as a note on the Run Summary sheet and the computer
program automatically sets EFFDIL equal to DILRAT.

      The CO/CO2 Scaled Data are an estimate of the combustion chamber
effluents for  the effective A/F ratio.  If there is no air added,  these data
correspond to tailpipe-exhaust conditions.  With A.I. R. devices,  the concentra-
tion data for  all effluents except the oxygen refer to exhaust gases from the
A. I. R. unit corrected for air dilution.  A limited amount of proprietary Ethyl
engine data on vehicles with A.I. R. devices support this interpretation.

PER CENT AIR ADDED
      The relationship between DILRAT (from the  nitrogen counts),  EFFDIL
(from the CO/COj; calculation), and the amounts of nitrogen (N),  sampler
exhaust (S), and air (A) can be expressed schematically as follows:

               DILRAT  = • I  + • N/S  '    =  (S + N)/S
               EFFDIL  =  1.  +  (N 4- A)/S =  (S + N + A)/S

The percentage air, 100 A/(A  + S),  is calculated from

 _.-:—.         PCTAIR =  100(EFFDLL - DILRAT)/(EFFDIL - DILRAT + 1)

This quantity is sensitive to the values of DILRAT and EFFDIL;  for DILRAT  =
3. 3, a 5 per cent change (EFFDIL -  3. 465) corresponds to 14, 2 per cent air.
It is difficult to place limits corresponding to "no added airri conditions for
cars with no device or C.A.P.  A value of 10 per  cent air on the rich side
arid 20 to 25 p<_- r cent on the lean side are rough estimates, which should not
be taken too seriously in the light of our present knowledge.

EXHAUST/AIR RATIO

      The moles exhaust per mole of air depends on the A/F r •  "D, the nature
and amount of the hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases, and o" '..\-.  C/H ratio of
the fuel.  The computer calculations are based on  two new empirical equations
which are closely equivalent to values taken from a manuscript curve sheet
received from  Walter MacMichael of the Public Health Service on October 25,
1965.  Similar curves were presented as Figure 6 of the Detroit  A. P. C. A; June
1963 Meeting paper of Smith,  Rose and Kruse of the Public Health Service. The
basis is  apparently a recalculation of the theoretical calculations of the air-fuel
ratio-exhaust  ^as composition by  D'Alleva  and  Lovell.

                                    - 7 -

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      The empirical equations are for X = 8. 0 to 14. 6

              Y = 2.51068 - 0.28372X + 0. 01781X2 -  0. 000396X3

and for X =  14. 6 to 18. 7

              Y = 1. 02010 - 0. 01331IX +  0. 000500X2

where X  is the air-fuel ratio and Y the moles exhaust  per mole carburetor air
(dry basis).   Calculated values from these equations, which wore.obtained by
Chebyshev methods, arc very close to the plotted curves.

LB/MILE OF EFFLUENTS
      The N£ scaled data are converted to pounds of effluent per mile using the
following molecular weights.
                       CO
                       CO2
                       NOx
                       HC
                           28.011
                           44.Oil
                           46.008
                           13.857
(taken as NO2)
per g-atom C
The iiydrocarbon effluent molecular weight of 13..857 per g-atom'C is based on
the ex?^ni?ive analysis of a sample of automotive exhaust given in the paper,
Smog Chemistry Points The \Vay To Rational Vehicle Emission Control,  by
John D. Caplan  of General Motors Research Laboratories presented at the
August 1965 Vancouver S. A. E. meeting (Paper 650641).  The individual com-
pound results are  given as pprri (vol/vol) and as mole fraction of total hydro-
carbons in his Table 4.  These were converted to gram-atoms C and H.
                                                        gram-atoms
C
1. 146
0.238
1.53.6
1.041
3.961
3.949
H
3.058
0.246
1.866
2.082
7.252
7.230
                 ppm        mole fraction of
                vol/vol     total hydrocarbons
paraffins   '       394           0. 383
acetylenes        118           0. 115
aromatics         206           0. 201
olefins            310           0.304
total             1028           .1.003
scaled  .                        1.000
The hydrocarbon effluent has the empirical formula C$. 95 Hy-23 or CHj-831
with molecular weight equal to 54. 73.  (Note that the molecular weight is  roughly
half the value for an average gasoline. )

      The multiplying factor for converting standard cubic feet of effluents to
pounds is                                 "

                       molecular weight/385- 318

where 385. 318 is the SCF exhaust per Ib-mole at 20°C (68°F).  The values used
are shown in the sample calculation.
                                     - 8 -

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CALCULATED MILES PER GALLON

      The fuel consumption of the vehicle can be approximated by  assuming
that all the carbon in the fuel appears in the exhaust as carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide and a mixture of hydrocarbons (based here on FTD and interpreted
as CHi-831).  The fuel is taken to be equivalent to CH2 with 61.0° API
gravity (6. 119 Ib/gal).  If the effluent emissions are expressed as Ib/mile,
then the miles per gallon equals

             6. 119/(1-01227(HC-FID) + 0. 50077{CO) + 0. 31872(CO2))

where the coefficients  are molecular weight ratios.

EXAMPLE OF CALCULATIONS.  RUN 1H49C

      Completely worked-out calculations are now presented for Run  1H49C,
Chevrolet, No Device, Second Repeat Run, Car 8,  Houston, First Visit.   The
raw data as received by the key-punch operator are  shown in Fig. 2.  All
calculations have been carried out by hand to  simulate the 8-decimal floating-
point  arithmetic used in the computer but the  values below have, been rounded
to a smaller number of significant figures.   Reference will be needed to the
appropriate sections above at times.

                          •  Run              1H49C
                            Odometer          2068
                            Miles   .           8. 00
                            Minutes    *     20. 64
             :               Miles/hr        23.26       ;.
                                              	     .     1
Calibration  of integrator.

      CPM=0.4    (0.2)(90)M0.4)(181)M0.8)(36Q)  s  18Q; „ '  . i,
                       (0.2)2 + (0.4)2 + (0.8)2

      K(5)    =    3      sampler number identifies laminar element
      CAL(3) =    66.0    CFM at 0. 4 in pressure drop
      CFPCT =    0.366  cubic feet/count

Gas temperature corrections.

            N      93CF   (528/553)1'8   =    0.920
            S      93"F   (528/553)1'8   =    0.920
            C      95°F   (528/555)1-8   =    0.914

Pressure corrections.

            73°F   PWAT  =   0.818
                   PCORR =   29.536/29.92126 =  0.9871

             •!:'                    - 9 -

-------
                                                                           PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE SURVEILLANCE
                                                                                          Exhaust Emission
|l  2  3  4  i 6  I  8  9 10 11 I? 13 14  15 16  IMS » ifU 71 22 23 24 25 26 21 28 29  30 31  32 33 34 35 36 37  38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 SI 5? 53 S< 55 56 57 M 59 60 01 6? 63 64 65 66 6) 68 69 70 M nil 74 75 ?6 7? 78 .'9 80]
     Scnal
   Run No.
                                                                                         ANALYST  REPORT
                               Elapsed
                               Minulei
       Calcd.
        MPH
Dilution
 Ratio
A/F
Ratio
E>h./Aii
 Ratio
	Calcd. SCF/Mile	
 Ait            Exhaust
                                                                                                                                            Run Code
                                                          . 00
                                                 . xt
                                                                                            Z\  \ \
                                                                                          01
            Integrator	
            CPM        Counts
      • Fitsl •
'*! c

cf 00 0
      License
                          Make
30S9S

cnev
   - Ga> Tempciatute Data -
        Temp. *F.         Cwi.

-Nitrogen	
HC-IR         HC'FIO
 ppmc            ppmc
          CO               CQj
        Pet Cent           Per Cent
       — Dilute exhaust, observed data, •
                             NOi
                             ppn
                                                                                                                                                                     Pei Cent
                                                                                                                                           Run Code
                                                    13.0
                                         fcM-S

                                                                                               I  it  36rz
                                                                                          02
                                             Samolcr •
                                                                                                                   Undiluted exhaust, calcd. data. -
                                                                                  -2.1 S  4
                                                      f 212
                                              n  .
                                                            I . o o
                                                       2.  1  1  1 %  0
                                                            03
                                            Caibuietof -
                                                                   -Calculated emission weight, It). \a mile. •
                                                                                                                                                                   Count iuti'«
                                                          .0
.
1.

•
•
1 .

o. 13-7
11 1 1 * 0*Z
04
                                        Year
                                             DRIVER  REPORT

            Vehicle Model         Eng. Oisp.      Transmission      Device?   Sampler
                                                                                                                                   Oliver
                                                                                                                                                             Analysis


7.S3
1 AOTo

H C

•%

etftde

WAV
Z 1 M 3082.
OS
Mo Day Yr. Time City Amb. Tern
I 3/n/tt

3.oo

H

T3
). Aim. Pi.
[so.ol]
Ret. Hum.
4^-
                                                                                                     Pavement
                                                                                                                                         Traffic
                                                                                                                                                                   Owner
1

1

£S A
i-i M lo n
06
   Up lo 5 comment coids  con follow.  Col. 80
                   9  in  lost cord.
                                                        Piioi 200 Mile Service





i
1

•


2 34 5 6 7 3. '.' 1C 11 U13 14 ii li . ..; '. • :. J A 24 25 26 27 23 29 .<•> 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 .',3 4J 45 46 47 48 49 50
CITY




5K5253S4 55 5657 58S960 61 6263 64 65 66 67 6869 70
v I \ 1 3 o ff 2




71 72 73 74 7S 76 77 78
0«*
0
0
0
0
7980
 fCO.IJOJ   »•»«"««.«*
                                                                                               3DATA

-------
Corrected counts.

           N     '  (4000)(0. 920)(0. 9871)   =    3633
           S        (1709)(0. 920)(0. 9871}   =    1552
           C       (1732)(0. 9H)(0.9871)   =    1563

Check on  count ratio.                      • •           '•

           1709/1732     =0.987

SCF air per mile.

           SCFAIR =   (1563)(0.366)/8. 00 =    71.6

Nitrogen dilution ratio.

           DILRAT =   1  +  3633/1552    =    3.341

N2 scaled data.

      The CO/CO2 scaled data obtained at a later stage are also shown below.

      Effluent     Bag data     NT2 Scaled data      CO/COz Scaled data
HC-IR
HC-FID
CO
C02
NOx
°2
645
1235
1.07
3.59.
247"'
0. 30
2155
4293
3.57
11.99
825
1. 00
2209
4401
3.66
12.29
846

ppmc
ppmc
%
%
ppm
%
Air/fuel ratio.

      R  =   bag CO/bag CO2  =.  1.07/3.59  =  0.29805

      Equivalent steady-state  CO2  =  12. 295 per cent
     . Corresponding           A/F  =  12. 93

      Scale-up factor from CO2
            EFFDIL  = 12.295/3.59 =  3.425

      CO2/CO scaled data are  calculated from EFFDIL (see above)
            since EFFDIL (3.425) exceeds DIL.1AT (3.341)

Per cent air.

      The value of EFFDIL  is only 2. 5 per cent greater than DILRAT, well
within the error of fit of the basic CO,  CO2, A/F data,  so that the "per cent
air" is actually meaningless here;  its value  is

            PCTAIR  =  (100)(0.084)/1. 084 = 7.76%

                                    - 10 -

-------
E/A ratio.

       At A/F =  12.93, E/A  = 0.964

SCF exhaust per mile.

       SCFEXH  = (0. 964)(71.6) =  69.0

Pounds  effluents per mile.
       These are obtained from the
exhaust per mile,
                                      scaled concentration da'ta and the SCF
       Effluent

       HC-IR
      .HC-FID
       CO
       CO2
       NOx
                    NZ Scaled

                    2155 ppmc
                    4293 ppmc
                    3.57 %
                    11.99%
                    825  ppm
    Factor
0.03596 x 10~6
0. 03596 x 10-6
0.07270 x 10'2
0. 11422 x lO'2
0. 11940 x ID'6
Ib/mile

0.0053
0.0106
0. 1792
0. 9445
0.0068
Miles per gallon.

       Based on the Ib/mile HC-FID,  CO, and COz above.

       CMPG. =  6. 119/{{l.bl227)(0. 0106) + (0. 50077)(0. 1792)-f-(0.31872)(0. 9445))

              =  15.2
         .>....,•,                •   -        .     i ' •  •          ......        . . .

A similar calculation based on the CO/CO2 scaled data gives 14,9 mpg.

RUN SUMMARY

       The  single-page Run Summary presents all the input data a'nd the results
of the computer calculations for each run.  It is self-explanatory.   Table 2
corresponds to the example.  Visit means visit to. that particular city.   Car
number is an arbitrary serial number (1 to 99) given to the car used in the tests
for that city and visit.   (The ninety numbers  are Ethyl-owned cars.)  At least
one repeat or replicate run Js made on each r-.r w:th  the same serial number.
The particular run is shown below the car number on the Run Summary sheet.

REFURBISHED DATA DECK'

       In addition to the Run Summary output the computer generates  two data
decks for each run.   One is the  Refurbished Data Deck which is a replica of
the Edited Raw Data Deck  (used for the input) except that each calculated value
(or blank.) has been  replaced by the  value from the computer program.  In addi-
tion,  an extra card  is included, coded  07 in Columns 79, 80. The make-up of
this deck is illustrated in Fig.  3 which shows the deck displayed  on the key
punch form. The cards  can be identified using Columns 79, 80.  Cards 01, 02,
05, 06,  and 09 are the same as in the Edited Raw Data Deck except that newly
                                    -  11 -

-------
               EXHAUST EMISSION SURVEILLANCE CONTRACT
SUMMARY FOR RUN  1H49C
                                  GAS TEMP..
«-l 1 T
VISIT
DEVICE
CAR MAKE
SAMPLER
HUUS
1
NONE
CHEV
3
COUNT

NITR 4000
SAMP 1709
DEC. CORR.

93. .920
93. .920
CAR NUMBER   8
 CARB  1732  95.
,914
SECOND RUN ON THIS CAR

                     FROM NITROGEN COUNTS

AMBIENT CONDITIONS
                      DILUTION RATIO  3.341
TEMP.       73 F
PRESSURE  30.06 IN.
HUMIDITY    64 PCT    MILES/GALLON      15.2
ODOMETER          2068
OBS. - MILES      8.000
OBS.  MINUTES    20.64
CALC. MlLES/HR   23.26
COUNT RATIO       .987
AVE. COUNTS/WIN  180.2
CUB. FT./COUNT    .366
SCF AIR/MILE      71.6
                          FROM CO/C02 CALCN.

                           AIR/FUEL RATIO  12.93
                           DILUTION RATIO  3.425
                           •EXH/AIR  RATIO  -> .964
                           SCF EXH/MILE     69.o
                           MILES/GALLON     14.9
EFFLUENT  DILUTE
          EXHAUST
....NITROGEN SCALED....
UNDILUTED  EMISSION WT.
 EXHAUST     LB/MILE
        .....CO/C02  SCALED.....
        UNDILUTED  EMISSION WT.
         EXHAUST     LB/MlLE
HC
HC
NOX
CO
C02
02
NDIR
FID ,

1
1
3
645
285
247
.07
.59
.30
PPMC
PPMC
PPM
PCT
PCT
PCT
2155
4293
825
3.57
11.99
1.00
PPMC
PPMC
PPM
;PCT
PCT
PCT
.0053
*0106
.0068
•
•
1792
9445
2209
^4.01.
. 846
3.66
12.29
PPMC
PPMC
PPM
PCT
PCT
.0055
.0109
.0070
.1837
.9683
30895 CHEV 1966
3/11/66 3.00
H
73 30.
283
06 64
AUTO
NO 3
1
BEANE
3
OUTPUT CARDS FOR FUTURE ANALYSIS OF DATA ARE L I STED BFLOW. . .RUN
2
2209
53
2155
55
1H49C3
.2 90
.4 181
• 8 360
30895
3/11/66


1
4401
106
4293
109
.366
4000
1709
1732
CHEV
3*00
7.8

1
36645
1792
35744
1837
2068

14.9
1
122946
9445
119926
9683
8.000
93.0 .
93.0 .
2

8
846
10022.
68 950000

825
10022
70 950000
20
920
920
95.0 .914
1966
H
15.2


?3 30



• 06


.64 23
645
2209
.0053
283
64
2155

.26 3.
1285
4401
.0106
AUTO

4293
• t -
232558
730000
715580
730000
715580
341 12.
1.07
3.66
.1792
NO 3
1
2068
300600
689546
300600
689546

640000

640000

93 .964 71.6
3.59
12.29
.945
247
846
.0068
BEANE

3.57 11.99


3
825

1H49C
21
21
21
21
21
69.021
.3021
1.0021
.98721
WAY21
GSA21
1.0021
CIYY21
WAY
GSA
CITY

1130B231
11308232
11308233
1130823^
11308235
11308201
1130820?
11308203
H308204
11308205
11308206
11308207
11308209

-------
                                                                         PUBLIC  HEALTH SERVICE SURVEILLANCE

                                                                                        Exhaust  Emission
|l  2 3  4  i  6 7  S  9 1011 4? 13 14  15 15 1718 19 2021 22 23 24 25 <6 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 33 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 «47 48 49 50 51 52 53 5; 55 56 5.' 53 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 6D 69  :: 7:  :? ,'j ;; :? .'6 7' 'I  :.» f
                                                                                       ANALYST  REPORT
Serial •
Run No.
IH «V«f C


-* — fit
O.-L.


°.t
,

6.8
•cor
liir
C

VH.'
(i
ru.
I
ntegrator
PU

1o




V9I




^to






w*** ««*^t
0.3CC

Counts

4000


nor,.,4. Elapsed Calcd. Dilution
Milts ' Minutes UPH Ratio



*l

|


ZOfcg

Ni
«/Vl

IM-.1


| *. 000 Z0.t*| Z3. 16 3.3«f 1

ro{
ncl
ure

Tdup.'F. ; Coff. ppnic pptnc . Ptr(

1^.o . Si-o t'fS [ 1 r?s <
n, - - "*,/<*(l f*^(*A ..— It,

13.o . H-o ^.^o<^ «f.tf«1 3


A/F
Ratio
11.1
j • •..
^>t
lute exhaust
.OT
di kited e»ha«
. t.t
ed emission
1 S .O | ,1l»i .OO53 .Olol ^tTJZ
Eih./Air
Ratio
	 Calcd. SCF.'llile 	
Ail Cxtiaust Run Code
3 o.l t^-l f T I .4,
COjj
. Pe»Cent

3. 59


11. til


. 1«f5

t1 .0
i ' . :
'" NQj ' ' Oj '
ppm | Per Cent

Zf 7



21 ( 1 3of Z
Olj
/ .
Run Code
o.^ofzn I so«i


84C


. eots


02;'

J. oo||vi I i 'Jon
03;
Count   30
                                                      05;
   Mo.    Day    Yr.
                           Time
City       Amb. Temp.    Aim. Pi:      Rel.Hua..
                                                                                                  Pavement
                                                                                                                                     Traffic
                                                                                                                                                               Orniet
j/n/ (.t

^. Oft

H
-73

16 . 0 C

t*
1

' - • *

frSA
Lit » 30 82
06,
                                                                                                              -Undiluted uhaust, catci!. data. -
                                                                                                                             i ».
                                                                                                        825
                        I   06  7. 1  1  1  50
0-7
  •Up to S comment cards  coti follow. Col. 80
                  9 in last card.'
Prior 200 Mile Service
II c»™
' ' '
• . . ' ;
F»9. 3 K£'?«*8lSHe3> J>/\TA 3>£CK >o«. KON 1 Hfl C

Z.\ 1 \ Jo f J.




01
0
0
C
0
2 3.4 S 6 7 J 9 1011 1213 14 J5 16 17 1819 2021 22 23 24 ?5 2527 23 29 M 31 32 li 3) ^ 3! 3738 3940 4142 43 44 4546 « 48 49 50 51 525354 5515 57 58 5960 61 6263 64 65 6$ 67 6369 70 7177 7J 74 7576 77 78 79 80
        f/ A

-------
computed values are given on Card 01.   Card 03 has miles/gal and concentra-
tion data on the CO/CC>2 scaled basis.   Card 07 has the same information on
the N2 scaled basis plus the per cent air.  Card 04 has Ib/mile  effluents on the
N2 scaled basis.

      The Refurbished Data Deck is used as the basis  of further data handling.
The variable Comparison Tables are prepared using this data deck as the  input
to the IBM 1620 Computer Program CITABL which handles data on the 120 runs
on GSA vehicles for each visit to each city.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS DECK
      In .addition to the  Refurbished Data Deck IBM 1620 Computer Program
TRAILR punches out a  special deck for possible future statistical analysis.
These cards are coded  with 3 in Col. 79 and are identified by Columns 79,  80.
All quantities  are expressed as integers, data as 17, codes as II or 12.

              Card coded 31.in Col. 79. 80

              Data times 10000, 17.

                    City code
                    Visit code                       .
                    Device code
                    Car make code
                    Replicate-run code
                    Car number code
                    Miles per hour
                    Odometer (data unsealed, 17)

              Card coded 32 in Col. 79, 80,  all 17
              CO/CO2 scaled data

                    HC IR,   ppmc
                    HC FID,  ppmc
                    CO, per  cent times 10000
                    CO2,  per cent times 10000
                    NOx,  ppni
              N2 scaled data
                    O2> per cent times »GOGO
              Ambient conditions times 10000
                    Temperature, °F
                    Barometric pressure,  in.
                    Relative  Humidity,  per cent
                                    - 12 -

-------
Card coded 33 in Col. 79. 80, all 17

N£ scaled data
     HC IR,  Ib/mile
     .HC FID, Ib/mile
     CO,     Ib/mile
     CO2,    Ib/mile
     NOx,    ib/mile
Carburetor temperature,  °F
SCF air/mile
SCF exhaust/mile

Card coded 34 in Col. 79. 80, all 17

     Same as Card 32 but CO/CC>2 scaled
data are replaced by N2 scaled data.

Card coded 35 in Col. 79. 80, all 17

     Same as Card 33 but N;> scaled data are
replaced by CO/CC>2 scaled data.  (Note that
these CO/CO2 scaled data are the same as
the N2  scaled data for A. I. R. equipped cars. )
                      - 13 -

-------
                  APPENDIX I.  PROGRAM TRAILR
      The FORTRAN listing of IBM 1620 Computer Program TRAILR is shown
as part of this appendix.  The programming language is  Kingston FORTRAN Hi
an advanced compiler with many "FORTRAN IV" features.  Ethyl  Corporation
is participating in the field  testing of this compiler for the IBM COMMON Users
Group.   The program is written in mnemonic coding and is extensively anno-
tated.  Note that the majority of the variables are  equivalenced to a subscripted
variable X(I)f  where  I = 2 to 61, in order to facilitate testing and error  checking.
Fig. 4 shows the relation between the items on the key-punch form and X{2) to
X{48).

      The Run Code identifies  each run and is punched in Col.  71  to 78 of all
data cards.

              Col. 71.   City

                    1   Minneapolis
                    2   Denver
                    3   Houston
                    4   Phoenix
                    5   Cincinnati

              Col. 72.   Visit                 '

                    1,  2, or 3

              Col. 73.   Device
                    1   No device
                    2   Device  (A.I. R. or C. A. P. )

              Col. 74.   Car Make
                    1   Chevrolet
                    2   Ford
                    3   Plymouth

              Col. 75.  Sampler Number

                    1 to 9
                    Used to identify the laminar flow
                        element.

              Col. 76, 77.   Car number

                    1 to 10    GSA cars
                   90 to 99    Ethyl Cars

                                   - 14  -

-------
              Col. 78.   Repeat run number

                    Two repeat runs are chosen as repre-
                        senatative and are  numbered 1, 2

      The program provides for an initial preload of a number of program
constants.   These include abbreviations for city names and car names, laminar
flow element calibrations,  and upper and lower limits for the variables and
codes.
                                   - 15 - .

-------
                                                PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE SURVEILLANCE

                                                          Enhoust Emission
|l 2 3  4 5 t 7 8 9 10II 1? U 14 15 16 1718 19 2(»21 ?? 73 74 ?5 « ?7 78 5 30 31 3? 33 34 35 36 37 38 33 <0 41 4? <3 44 <5 46 47 48 49 50 51?2 53 54 55 56 S7 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 t? 68 69 ?0 71 7? 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 601
  '  CPU     Couni»:J_!
  '•..  i  ".";   .  .   1
  Fiirt
                                              !  i .  i i  :  M  '   "•  . =  i (  '
                                                         ANALYST REPORT
                                                • I  !
                                                El>pse4 :

                                                Uinuta i

                                                       Calcd.    .  Dilulioo
                                                           MPH
                                                                    Ratio
                                                        A/F--'     Exh./Air....
                                                                                               Calcd. SCF/Mle
                                                    |  i ,' Ratio  ! ,'  ,   Ratio  ' j  ! j  Aitj ;  ( ;
                                                                                                         Exhaust
                                                                                                                 Run Cede
              •  . (£>     (£> '•.•  ~j  ©. ~~\   . (j)    (§)'.••     '•. ®-   I (Tj) m\

             1<  !'i i'lilli'illlli'iiUlYl Ml Mill S'JJJIIMLi
             rempeialiiie D»l« • •'•  , '  "••" ; HCHR ;   ;  ; HC-FID; "j '~|| CJ> \\l  ; j ' \a^\- j    , ,N(j* 'FT
             Temp.'F.  j ;   Con.__l  J  ppne j  j    _ppmc '• '•	Pet Cenl   ;   _1_PW Cent_ 	' 'con !

             '':'';' T   '  !1   ''' ! "!'!  T'!'!''' piiui^;ob'se;ed'da/..-^n4J^


                i ,  : i     i  i •I  ! i ; •  i  •""l  .  I .  i :  i •  • '  ' •  ' ' .   '  : i  i I  i  i i  I i  I
             	:	,  . -;—;—:—|—;—:—;—;—;—;	Undiluted exhaust, calcd. data, i—:—\—;—i	:—r-
                                           ll II!  i
                           - : Cu Tempnalue Dill ' "'  , '  "'"

                                 Temp.'F. j ;  ' C
                           I  .   ' :  ,  i"!  :' T
                           — NiUogcn - !
  Mo.
    .  j   •  i <  .   • :  I  ! i  i '  • :  •  •   .1   i  i  l i
>.  Day :  Yt.:  '    Time ;  j  : ;  City     Anb. Temp. ,  Abi. Pt.' ]
i  i 11111 M  i-11 i  l  i 11 [liii!  MJ JH i  j i  m  j 11  Mi I'M   l III
--- : WHR-;     ;HC-FIB:~ "!"}"!'^T'tl i  '^"Tn'j j  "'^'M   i  I \**\ I  i'i'i  I I  i"T~
'  J   PP* j  !    J>1»* ; '	Pet Ceil    '  I_.p*'Cti<_  	' 'con !       • Per CentJ_|._|	.Run Code     I
T   ]'j;"!'!  T'! '!'•   ''' DJiu^ob'se^da/..' [^\  '"f1^'  "\  |'T|  |TT|"I'  ill  1

)    ®      ' ®       ctg)!.l  i    (g»)  i.:  :     • I-  • |    i I     !  •   ' •  ! I • i  I  I |  { | '  . i  • I  I •  .   I    j I  I 1  I  ( j.  I I  I  |
.  ; ——r-;———:	T~	Calculated emission weight. Ib. pet liile. —.—H	;	  • Count Enor I  ! !  '  | 1  ! I  '  I


II '  ' J }  ' '  '  ' ; '  '  I ! !  I I    'I i  I  ' I    •'    I  I i.   M !  ii:.'! I          I   I
M	DRIVJ5R  REPORT  I   ( !   MM	|	'  " I ;!' j 1  '' [  I' ! [	'	L_
j. Dijp. , j Tiansmissjon '!  Device?; famplef  : j  | •  [Difteil   |       ; '  ' Analysif  | '| i   ,       |   I  j

riri'-|i  i,!  j.j nri iti'iin  i ii i rnvii  j \  \\\ ^MIM  i I i  U-IQJJ
                                                  Vii/ •'. I I    Xl£/  , '
                                                     1  ' :  '  ' '  < i  I !  I  : •  ! •
                                                  -Calculated emission weight. Ib. pet liile. —:—;—I—

   • ;  '     | (>*J .   | |  , ^1V  [ |. 
-------
*
c
c
*
*
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
      JOB
        TRAIL';...PHS DATA PROCESSOR
LIST
INDEX
TRAILR	GrfT	PROJECT 90209
KlNGSTRAN ONLY -
DATA PROCESSOR FOR PHS SURVEILLANCE ...TRAILER...DATA


GEORGE w. THOMSON.  ETHYL. DETROIT

APRIL 6. 1966  6 PM


  CHECKS THAT RUN CODES OF ALL 4 CARDS ARE ALIKE

  CHECKS CARD ORDER
  CHECKS THAT OBSERVED VALUES FALL IN A REASONABLE RANGC

  RECOMPUTES ALL CALCD. VALUES


NOTE THAT Sw. 1 AND 2 ARE NOT DEPENDENT ON EACH OTHER


SW. 1 ON...EDIT MODE...NO PUNCHED OUTPUT
      OFF..PUNCHED CARD OUTPUT
SW. 2 CONTROLS ACTION IF AN ESSENTIAL RUN DATUM IS OUTSIDE RANGE
         OR CARDS ARE OUT OF ORDER OR DATA OTHERWISE BAD
      ON...NO OUTPUT...GOES TO NEXT RUN

      OFF..PAUSE TO PERMIT CORk_CTION AND RELOAD
SW. 2 ALSO CONTROLS ACTION IF ANY DATUM IS OUTSIDE MAGN;TU?ES,
      ON...GOES AHEAD WITH OUTPUT ANYWAY
      OFF..PAUSE TO PERMIT CORRECTION AND RELOAD
SKIP PUNCH OF SUMMARY IF SW. 3 IS ON


..N2 SCALED.. MEANS DATA SCALED UP BY DILUTION RATIO
   BASED ON THE NITROGEN COUNTS
..CO/C02 SCALED,. MEANS DATA SCALED UP BY DILUTION RATIO
   BASED ON THE CO/C02 CALCULATION
C=12.011. Orl6, N=lt*.C08. H=1.008

HYDROCARBON....C HI.831	13.857

               CO     	28*011

               C 02    	44.011

               N 02    	46.008
FACTOR = MOL.WT./3flS.31fl
   0.03596

   0.07270

   0.11422

   0.11940

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x<

(2)
(3)
u)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
10)
A5
Fl.
F7.
F6.
F7.
F7.
F6.
F6.
F6.
F6.

0
3
0
3
2
2
3
2
3


CFPCT
ODOM
ELMILE
ELMIN
CMPH
DILRAT
AF
EARAT
                    5-DIGIT RUN NUMBER...KRUN  ALPHAMERIC
                    1-DIGIT SAMPLER NUMBER...KLNO
                    CUBIC FEET PER COUNT
                    ODOMETER READING.  MILES
                    ELAPSED MILES
                    ELAPSED MINUTES
                    CALCD. MILES PER HOUR
                    CALCD. DILUTION PATIO
                    CALCD. AIR-FUEL RATIO
                    CALCD. MOLAR RATIO OF EXHAUST TO AIP
                                 - 16 -

-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
X(ll)
X(12)
XI13)
X<2U>
X ( 35 )
X(1U)
X<25>
X(36)
X(15)
X(26)
X(37)
X(16)
X(27)
X(38>
X(17)
X(28)
X(39)
X(18)
X(19)
X(20)
X(2D
X(22)
X(23)
X!29)
X(30)
X(31)
X(32)
X(33)
X(3U)
XUO>
X(U1)
X(U2>
X(U3)
XUU)
XU5)
XU6)
XU7)
X ( 4 » )
F6.1
F6.1
F3.1
F3.1
F3.1
KU.O
FU.O
FU.O
F6.0
F6.0
F6.0
F6.1
F6.1
F6.1
F6.3
F6.3
F6.3
F6.0
F6.0
F7.2
F7.2
F7.0
F6.2
F6.0
F6.0
F7,2
F7.2
F7.0
F6.2
F6.U
F6.U
F7.U
F7.3
F7.U
F6.3



SCFAIR
SCFEXH
DELP1
DELP2
DELP2
CPM1
CPM2
CPM3
CTN
CTS
CTC
GTDFN
GTDFS
GTDFC
GTCFN
GTCFS
GTCFC
DEHCIR
DEHCFI
DECO
DEC02
DENOX
DE02
UEHCIR
UEHCFI
UECO
UEC02
UENOX
UEQ2
EWHCIR
EWHCFI
EwCO
EWC02
EWNOX
RATIO
TAMS
PAMB
HUMID
CALCD. SCF/MILE AIR
CALCD. SCF/MILE EXHAUST
INTEGRATOR CALIBRATION PRESSURES... DELTA p.
THE THREE ARE USUALLY
IN THE RATIO 1/2/U
INTEGRATOR CALIBRATION. 'COUNTS PER WIN. '
AT THE THREE PRESSURES
X(13) .X(2U).X(35>
NITROGEN INTEGRATOR COUNTS
SAMPLER INTEGRATOR COUNTS
CARBURETOR INTEGRATOR COUNTS
NITROGEN GAS TEMP. DEG F
SAMPLER GAS TEMP. DEG F
CARBURETOR GAS TEMP. DEG F
NITROGEN GAS TEMP. CORRECTION FACTOR
SAMPLER GAS TEMP. CORRECTIO?; FACTOR
CARBURETOR GAS TEMP. CORRECTION FACTOR
DILUTE EXHAUST HYDROCARBON. . IR'. . .ORS. .PPMC
DILUTE EXHAUST HYDROCARBON. .FI A. .ORS. ,PPMC
DILUTE EXHAUST CARBON MONOXIDE'. . .ORS. . PER
DILUTE EXHAUST CARBON DIOXIDE .'.. .OPS. .PER
.DILUTE EXHAUST NITROGEN OXIDE.'. . .OPS. .PPM
DILUTE EXHAUST OXYGEN 	 ....'.. .OPS'. .PER
SAME AS X(18) - X(23)
BUT ..... .... ,
FOR
UNDILUTED EXHAUST
CALCULATED
SAME UNITS
SAME AS X<18> - X!22)
BUT CALCULATED
"S ' .,.--'
EMISSION WEIGHTS
LB PER MILE .
COUNT RATIO. . .SAMPLER/CARBURETOR
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE.. DEG. F
AMBIENT AIR .PRESSURE. . IN. HG'
PER CENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY


.IN.


-










j.


CENT
CENT

CENT















X(50)  TO X(frl)
       ..CO/C02 SCALED.. VALUES
SEE EQUIVALENCES
K(l)  CODE FOR CITY	1.2.3,4.5
K(2)  CODE FOR VISIT  .....  .1 TO 9
K(3)  CODE FOR DEVICE	1.2
K
-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
             K(5)  CODE FOR SAMPLER	1 TO  °
             K(6>  CODE FOR CAR NUMBER  .  .  .  .1 TO  °9
             K(7)  CODE FOR REPEAT RUN  .  .  .  .1*2
             K(8>  CARD SET NUMBER      .  .  .  .0 OR  1
             KI9)  CARD NUMBER IN SET   .  .  .  .1 TO  9

DIMENSION X(70),K(20).XLOW(70),XHIGH(70)rKLOW(20).KHIGH<20)
DIMENSION V(5O
DIMENSION ICOVM(IO)
DIMENSION NK5) .N2<5) .N3<3> »NU<3)
DIMENSION C(5)•    CMAKE(10)»CITY(10).CAL<9)
         JIVALEMCE
      -u'JIVALENCE
      L3UIVALCNCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
      EQUIVALENCE
PRELlMlNARlrS
            (X(3).CFPCT)»(
            (X(6).ELMIN)r{
            .DILRAT),
                  »DEHCIR)
                  »DEC02).
                  .DELP1).
X(S).ELMILE)
X(4),ODOM)
.SCFAIR)
(X
(
(X
(X

!50)
(53)
(57)
(60)
t
»
t
i
»
t
i
t
t
9
t
CTN) .
(
.GTDFN)
GTCFN)
UEHCIR
UECO?)
EWHCIR
EWC02)
RATIO)
TAMB) r
CSCFEX
CECO) •
CWHCIR
CWC02)
,
)
t
)
t

(
)
(
)
,
XI
• (

, (

f (
(

X(
r (
X(
1 (
(X
(X(9) »AF) , (X(
. (X(19) rOEHCFI) , (X(?0) .DECO)
 (X(22) .DENOX) »  (X(23)«nE02)
(X<2i») rOELP2) . (X(35) »DELP3) .
X(25) »CPM2) . (X(36) »CfM3)
  26)rCTS).  (X(37).CTC)
  X(27) .GTDFS) . ( X ( 3fl).. GTDFC )
                (X(39) »GTCFC)
                (X(31) .UF.CO)
                (XOU) »UE02)
                (X(U2) >EWCO)
                (X(10) »EARAT)
                            12) rSCFEXH)
                            X(28>
                            X(30) .UEHCFit)
                            X<33) »UENOX> .
                           (X(Ql) .EWHCFI)
                               U) .EWNOX) .
                                PAMB) » (X(U8) »HUMID)
                           (X(51 ) .CEHC1R) r (X(52) »CEHCFI)
                          X(5U) .CEC02) . (X.(55) .'.CENOX)
                           (X(58> »CWHCFI) » (X(59') »CWCO)
                                .CWNOX)
C(
C(
C(
C(
C(
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
Nl
N2
N2
N2
N2
N2
N3
N<*
1)
2)
3)
U)
5)
( 1 )
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(1)
(2)
(3)
( U )
(5)
(1)
(1)
z
-
-
—
-
—
~
-
-
r
z
—
—
—
~
-
• —
0
0
0
0
0












N3(2) =
.03596E-6
.03596E-6
.07270E-2
.11422E-2
.119UOE-6
3HFJR
3HSFC .
3HTHI
3HFQU
3HLAT
3HST
3HOf'D
3HRD
3HRTH
3HEP
3HNQN
3HE
3HC.A
                                 - 18 -

-------
      N<+(2) = 3H.P.
      N3(3) = 3HA.I
      N«t(3) = 3H.P.
      ASSIGN 9001 TO ICOMM
      ASSIGN V003 TO ICOMM<3)
      ASSIGN 900"* TO ICOMVU)
      ASSIGN 9005 TO ICOMM<5»
      ASSIGN 9006 TO ICOMM<6>
      ASSIGN 9007 TO icowwm
      ASSIGN 9008 TO ICOMM(-M
      ASSIGN 9009 TO ICOMM(9)
      ASSIGN 9010 TO ICOMM(IO)
 9001 FORMAK1X.35H                                    •
     1          3UH     .                              »
     1          I4.I5.ID
 9002 FORMAK1X.35H                                    •
     1          U.I5.ID
 9003 FORMAK 1X.35H                                    •
     1          3UH                                   •
     1          H.I5.I1)
 900«» FORMAT(1X»35H                                    t
     1     .     34H                                   »
     1          U.IS.Il)
 9005 FORMAK !Xr35H                                    »
     1          I«*. I5.M)
 9006 FORMAT(1X»35H
     1          It*. 15. ID
 9007 FORMATl 1X»35H                                    .
     1          3UH                                   .
     1          I'«*.I5»ID
 9008 FORMAK 1X»35H                                    .
     1          3UH                                   »
     1          l4.I5.Ii:
 9009 FORMAK IX. 35H                                    »
     1          3UH                                   .
     1          It*. 15. ID
 9010 FORMAK1X.35H                                    .
     1          3UH                                   .
     1          It*. 15.11)
      GO TO 20
C
C
C     I********************************* ***** + ** + *****t**4*****
C
C     LOAD OF BASIC DATA... NOT TIED TO THE START OF  THE'PROGpAM
C     CNDER FOR ALL LOAD SECTIONS  IS A BLANK CAPD
C
C     DEBUG LIWIT LOAD
C
 7700 DO 770U JJ = 1.70
      XLOW(JJ) = 0.0001
      X(JJ) = 0.0


                                  - 19 -

-------
 7704 XHlGH(JJ) r 99999.0
      DO 7706 JJ = 1,9
      KLOW(JJ) = 1
 7706 KHIGH(JJ) = 9
      KH1GH16)  = 99
      PAUSE 7708
C
C     LOAD LIST OF CAR NAMES
C
 7800 00 :-801 JJ = 1.10
      READ 9800,1,CMAKE(I)
 9800 FORMAT(I10»5X,A5>
      IFCH' 7802.7802,7801
 7801 CONTINUE                                    \^?
 7802 PAUSE 7802                                  ^-v^
C
C     LOAD LIST OF CITY NAMES             M°'°' ""I^B?.*

 7804 DO 7805 JJ=1»10
      READ 9800»I,C1TY(I)
      1F(1) 7806.7806.7805
 7805 CONTINUE
 7806 PAUSE 7806
C
C     LOAD LAMINAp ELEMENT CALIBRATION FACTORS
C       FLOW. CFM, AT 0.4 IN. WATER DELTA P
C
 7900 DO 7901 JJ =1.9
      READ 902»I»GALU)
      1F(I) 7902.7902,7901
 7901 CONTINUE
 7902 PAUSE 7902
C
C
C     LOAD LIMIT VECTORS FOR EACH X( ) INPUT VARIABLE
C
 8002 DO 8003 JJ=1»70
      READ 902»I»XLOW(I).XH!GH(I)
  902 FORMAT(I10»2F20.3)
      1F(I) 8004,8004,8003
 8003 CONTINUE
 6004 PAUSE 8004
C
C     LOAD LIMIT VECTORS FOR EACH K( ) INPUT VARIABLE
C
 8005 DO 8006 JJ=1»20
      READ 905.1.KLOWU) .KHIGH(I)
  905 FORMATC3I10)
      IF(I) 8007,8007,8006
 0006 CONTINUE
 8007 PAUSE 80Q"1
      GO TO 800'/
C
C
C
C
                                 - 20 -

-------
C     READ FIRST DATA CARD OF SET OF FOUR
C       WITH TEST IF RUN NO. IS IN COL. 1-5 OR 2-6
C
   20 READ 915.J
  915 FORMATIA1.79X)
      IF(J - ]H ». 520.516.520
  515 REREAD 916.KRUN, ( X ( I) , 1 = 2,12) . (K '. I! . t-1.9)
  916 FORMAT(1X,A5»F1.0,F?.3»F6.0,F7.3.F7.2.2(F6.2»F6.3>
     1       511.12.311)
      GO TO 522
  520 REREAD 920.KRUN.(X
      KODEC = K(9)
C
      TYPE 928»KRUN
  928 FORMAT(3HRUN»2X.A5)
C
      IF(10*K(8) * KODEC - 1) 22*28.22
C
   22 TYPE 922.KODEA. KODEB.KODEC
  922 FORMATl UHC6RD.I6rI5»II•13H OUT OF ORDER)
C
C     ABORT RUN
C
   2U IF(SENSE SWITCH 2) 1125.27
c

C     SW. 2 ON...NO OUTPUT FOR THIS RUN...GO TO NEXT RUN
C
 1125 IFJKODEC - 9) 25.26.25
   25 READ 925.KODEC
  925 FORMAT(79X.I1)
      IF(KODEC - o) 25.26.25
   26 TYPE P26
  926 FORMAT(7HSKIPPED)
      GO TO 20
C
C     SW..2 OFF...PAUSE TO PERMIT RELOAD
C
   27 PAUSE 27
      GO TO 20
C
   28 KA = KODEA
      KB = KODEB
C                FOR CHECK OF THE RUM CODES ON SUCCFFDING CAPOS
C
C     READ SECOND CARD OF SET OF FOUR
C
   30 RE.AO 930»(X(I) .I±13,23) .KODEA,KODEB.KODEC
  930 FORMAT(F3.1,F^.O.F6.0,6X.F6.1.F6.3.2F6.0.2F7.?.F7.n,F6.?.
     1          IU.I5.I1)
      IF(KODEC - 2) 22.34,22
   3
-------
c
C     READ THIRD CARD OF SET OF FOUR
C
   i+O READ 930i (X( I) . 1=24,34) .KODEA,KODEB,KODEC
      IFCKODEC - 3>  22.UU.22
   <4H IF(KODEA - KA) 22.«46'22
   U6 IFCKODEB - KB) 22»50«22
c
c
c







c
c
c
c




READ FOURTH

50
950

54
56
57
59



READ 950.
FORMAT (F3
1
IF(KODEA
IF(KODEB
IF(KOOEC
NCOMM = 2



(
•


X(
1.
14


CARD

I).
F«+.
.15
- KA)
- KB)
-



4



READ COMMENT




)





OF

1 = 35.
0.
.1
22
22
22



F6.
1)
.56
,57
,59




SET

45) *
0.6X

.22
.22
• 22



CARDS WITH





OF



FOUR

KODEA,
.F6







RUN

.1,








KODEB. KODEC
F6.3.2F6.4.F7.4.F7.3*F7.i4,F6.3,







DATA


   11 READ 9001.KODEA,KODEB,KODEC
      IFtKODEA - KA) 22.12*22
   12 IF(KODEB - KB) 22.13*22
   13 IF(KODEC - 5)  22.14.22
C
   14 READ 9002.KOOEA,KODEB.KODEC
      IFUODEA - KA) 22.15*22
   15 IF  122,123*22
  122 CONTINUE
      I = 10
  123 NCOMM r I        .
C
C
C
c     THE FOUR CARDS ARE IN ORDER AMD HAVE SAME RUN CODE
C       THERE ARE NCOMM COMMENTS CARDS AFTER THE FOUR
C       CARD SIX INCLUDES AMBIENT CONDITIONS.DATA
C
C
C
                                 - 22 -
                                                                              i

-------
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
   60
   62
    NOW TEST THAT DATA LIE IN A REASONABLE RANGE
    XLOW  OR KLOW  MEANS SMALLEST VALUE CONSIDERED TO. RF A VALID INPUT
    XHIGH OR KHIGH  MEANS LARGEST VALUE CONSIDERED TO RE A VALID INPUT
    THESE WERE PRELOADED


    TEST CODES


    DO 66 1=1.7
    IF 
-------
  704 CONTINUE
C
      DO 709 1=18.21
      IF(X(I) - XLOw(D) 708.707,707
  707 IF(X(I) - XHIGH(I)) 709.709.708
  708 TYPE 9703,KPUM.I.X(I)
      KNG =  1
  709 CONTINUE
c                                   :               .
      IF(X(6> - XLOw(6)> 706*705,705
  705 IF(X(6)-XHIGH(6))  710.710,706
  706 KNG =  1
      1 = 6
      TYPE 9703. KRUN,I,X(6)
C
C     CHECK  SAMPLER NUMBER
C
  710 JJ = X(2)
      IF(JJ  - K(5)) 712,714,712
  712 TYPE 9712, KRUN,JJ.K(5)
 9712 FORMAT(3HRUN'.2X.A5»2X,
     1       22HBAD SAMPLER NO. X<2) =,I3»7H K(5) =,13)
      KNG =1
C                         •••:•.
C     CHECK  RUN NlJMRER
C
  7m IFtKRUN - 5H      )68»716,68
  716 TYPE 9716
 9716 FORMATdOHNO RUN NO. )
      KNG =  1
C                                       -'
C     CHECK  AMBIENT BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
C
  810 IFJPAMB - 21.0)  814•814,R12
  812 IFtPAMB - 32.0.)  68,814,814
  814 TYPE 9814, KRUN.PAMB
 9814 FORMAT(3HRUNf2X,A5.
     1       24H wEATHER BUR. BAR. PR. =,F6.2.13H OUT OF
      KNG =1
C      .
   68 IF(KNG) 24.70,24
C              .                            .
   70 KBAD = o                          .
      DO 82  1=2.48
C
C     TEST FOR MAGNITUDE..MAKE KBAD=1 IF ANY VALUE TS NG
C
   76 IF(X( D-XLOwd) ) 80,78.78
   78 IF(X( H-XHiGH(I) )  82.82,80
C   .
   80 TYPE 980, KRUN,I»X(I),XLOW(I),XHIGH(I)
  980 FORMATC3HRUN»2X,A5»3H X(»I2»3H) =,
     1                    F11.4.4H NOT,F11.4»3H TO.F11.U)
      KBAD .= 1
C
   82 CONTINUE


                                 - 24 -

-------
   85 IF(KBAO) 66.89.86
C
C     SW. 2 ON...GO AHEAD EVEN IF A MAGNITUDE IS BAD
C     SW. 2 OFF..TO THE RELOAD                     :
C                                                .
   86 IFtSENSE SWITCH 2) 88.27
   88 TYPE 988
  98fl FORMAT!13HMAGNITUDE BAD)
C
C     SW. 1 ON FOR EDIT MODE..NO CALC. OR OUTPUT
C
   89 IFtSENSE SWITCH 1) 20,90

C
C     ft*************************

                                                                            I
C     NO VALUES BAD OR SW. 2  IS ON                                          j
C      ALL CALCULATED VALUES  ARE REPLACED BY RECALCULATIONS.               •'
C                   • '  •            •                            .  '  '         i
C                       .           •             '                            I
C     DEVICE CODES...MX
C     MX = 1     NO DEVICE                                                  i
C.     MX = 2     C.A.P.                                                     j
C     MX = 3     A.I.R.                                                     ;
c                      -                                                     ;-
   90 IF(K(3) - 1) 91,91.92                                                 ',
   91 MX = 1                                                       •,.   .,.,  i
      GO TO 95
   92 IF(K«4) - 2) 9U.9U.93                                                 |
   93 MX = 2                              .,...-.
      GO TO 95                                                              i
   9U MX = 3                                                                !
   95 FFDIL =0.0                                                           i
      KLNO = XI2>                                                           )

C     LEAST-SQUARES AVERAGING OF INTEGRATOR CALIBRUION '                    j
C     DOES NOT REQUIRE THAT DELP1,DELP2,DELP3 BE IN 1/2/& RATIO             ;
C         .                •,-                  ...-,.-        ••      j
  100 CPM =   O.U*(nELPl*CPMl+DELP2»CPM2+DELP3*CPM3>                        i
     1           /(DELP1**2*DELP2**2+DELP3**2)                              i
C                                                         'I
C     CALd) IS FLOW»CFW,  OF LAMINAR ELEMENT! I) AT O.U IN.  ir.LtA P          !
C     SAMPLER MUST HAVE SAME  I AS ELEMENT                                   !
C     CAL(I> PRELOADED                                            '   '       j
C                                        '     -                  •            '
  102 CFPCT = CAL(K(5)J/CPM                                                 '
C
C     AVERAGE MILFS PER HOUR                                                i
C                                                                           t;
  110 CVPH : 60.0*ELMILE/ELVIN                                              "
C
C     CORRECTION TERM = (523/(TEMP+U60))**1.8
C
      DO iui*  i=i6,3fl»ii                                                     ;
      X(I + 1) = (528.0/(X(I)+i*60.0) )«*1.80


                                 - 25 -

-------
  387 W = 0.20591289 + 6,7967068*R
      CEC02  = (W + SORT (W*W - 5.6fl9810i*R))/R
      GO TO 392
  388 IF(R) 389,389,390
  389 CEC02  = 11.700
      GO TO 392
  390 W = -0.26875 + 7.2<*3635*R
      CEC02  = (W * SORT (W*W + 6.2887576*R))/R
C                           '   •
c
C     CAP = A/F RATIO PROW CECO
C
  392 CECO = R*CEC02
      1F(CECO - 2.2) 393»39<*r39«*
  393 CAF s 12.42546 + 2.9963/fCECO + 0.5375)
      GO TO 281
  39H CAF = It.U - 0.«»*CECO
C
C     CALCULATE EXHAUST/AIR MOLE RATIO
C      GWT EQUATIONS FROM" P.HS MANUSCRIPT CURVE
C              SIMILAR TO FIG. 6 OF SMlTHr ROSE» AND KRUSE PAPER
C
  281 IF(CAF - m.6) 282»282»28U
  282 CEARAT = 2.51068 - CAP*( 0.28372 - CAF*(0.01781 - 0'. 0003Q6*CAF) )
      GO TO 286
  281 CEARAT = 1.02010 - CAF*(0.013311 - 0.000500*CAF>
C
C     CALCULATE EXHAUST VOLUME   SCF PER MILE
C
  286 CSCFEX = SCFAIR*CEARAT
C
C     EFFDIL...DILUTION RATIO FROM CO./C02 CALCN.
C        USED AS SCALING-FACTOR TO GET ..CO/C02 SCALED.. DATA
C        PROVIDED THAT IT IS NOT SMALLER THAN DILRAT
C
      EFFDIL = CEC02/DECOP
      FFOIL = EFFDIL
C
C     IF EFFDIL IS LESS THAN DILRAT, MAKE EFFDIL = DILRAT
C
      IFiEFFDIL - DILRAT) 287*395.395
  287 EFFDIL = DILRAT
C
C     ..CO/C02 SCALED.. UNDILUTED-EXHAUST-CONCENTRATIONS
C        FROM A SCALE-UP OF DILUTE-EXHAUST.DATA BY EFFDIL
C
  395 PCTAIR = 100.0*(EFFDIL - DILRAT)/(EFFDIL - DILPAT + 1.0)
      DO 396 I =18,22
  396 XU + 33) = EFFDIL*X(I)
C
C     UNDILUTED EXHAUST...LR/MILE
C
  "400 DO 402 I = l»5
      X(I+39) = C(I)*CSCFEX*X(I>28)
  <*02 X
-------
c
C     PRESSURE CORRECTION TO DRY GAS AT 1 ATM
C
      PWAT r 10.0**(6.767183 - 3213.2U552/(TAMB * 395.8))
      PCORR = (PAMB - 0,01*HUMlD*PWAT)/29.92126
C            .  .                 .
C     COUNTS CORRECTED FOR TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
C
      CCTN = CTN*GTCFN*PCORR
      CCTS = CTS*GTCFS*PCORR
      CCTC = CTC*GTCFC*PCORR
C
C     CHECK ON SAMPLER TO CARBURETOR COUNT RATIO
C
  150 RATIO = CTS/CTC
C
C     CALCULATE AIR VOLUME     SCF PER MILE
C
  160 SCFAIR = CCTC*CFPCT/ELMILE
c
C     CALCULATE DILUTION RATIO FROM NITROGEN AND SAMPLER COUNTS
C
  200 DILRAT s 1.0 + CCTN/CCTS
C
C     SCALE UP DILUTE-EXHAUST DATA BY DILUTION RATIO TO GET
C        ...N2 SCALED... UNDILUTED-EXHAUST VALUES
C                                                          .
  220 DO 226 1=18,23
  226 X(l*ll)= DILRAT*X(I)
C                                         •     -   -
C     CALCULATE A/F RATIO FROM CO/C02 RATIO
C      USING D ALLEVA AND LOVELL AND RECENT PHS EXPTL. DATA
C     NEW GWT EQUATIONS...MARCH 1, 1966
C                                      •..„•''
C     CO DECREASES TO ZERO AT A/F = 18.0
C     C02 CURVES ROUNDED WITH MAX. AT 13.U8 PER CENT C02» A/F t 1U.13
C                                         .
c     RICH MEANS co ABOVE 1.22 PER CENT..A/F = in.13
C        CO/C02 RATIO ABOVE 0.09053
C
C     STEADY-STATE-EQUILIBRIU'-' CO AND C02 FROM BAG CO/BAG CO?
C     THAT IS...CECO AND CECC2 FROM R = DECO/DEC02
C            '                         '    .
  3UO R = DECO/DEC02
  380 IF(R - 0.197D 3R2»381»381
  381 CEC02  = 22.875/U.5625 + R)
      GO TO 392
  382 IF(R - 0.1669) 3RU.383.383
  383 W = 1.910-5 + 6.9*R
      CEC02  = (W - SORT (W*W - 51.72305*R))/R
      GO TO 392
  38U IF(R - 0.09053) 386»385»3fi5
  385 W = 3.0892766 + 7.3513157*R
      CEC02  = (W - SORT (W»W - 8U.77t705*R))/P
      GO TO 392
  386 IFIR - 0.05UU6) 388,387.387
                                  - 27 -

-------
C     CALCULATE MILES PER GAL.  61.0  API  GRAVITY
C     FUEL TAKEN HERE TO .RE CH2    MW =  IU.027  PER  ATOM C
C     HYDROCARBON EFFLUENT         MW =  13.R57  PER  ATOM C
C
  332 UMPGAL = .6.119/(1.01227*EWHCFI  + 0.31872*EWC02  «•  0.50077*EwCO)
      CMPGAL = 6.119/<1.0l227*CwHCFI  *• 0.31872*CWC02  +  0'.50077*CWCO>
C                                     -              •            ,
C             .
C     SCALE RESULTS FOR OUTPUT CARDS
C
  420 Z = 10000.0
      R = 0.5
      AF = CAF
      EARAT = CEARAT
      SCFEXH = CSCFEX
C
      V(l) r Z*X<7) + R
      V12) = Z*X(11) + R
      V(3) = Z*X(12) * R                                    .
C
      DO <*30 1 = 6*36
  «*30 V( I) = Z*X(I*25) ••• R
C
      DO U35 I=U»26.22
      V( I)   = X(l*25) * R
      V( 1*1) = X(I + 26). + R
  U35 Vfl + U) = XU + 29) * R
C
      IF(X(U6» U36.1i+0.440
  i*36 V(21> = Z*X(i+6) - R
C                         •  •         .             -.....•
C     FORMAL.EQUALITY OF EMISSION WEIGHTS AND MILES PER GAL.
C        FOR THE A.I.R. SYSTEM EQUIPPED  CARS
C               •                 ._...,-..
      IF(MX - 2) 1092. 1092.
      J') 444 Irl5.19
      •v; 1 + 17)  = v( i)
      X(I+42>  = X(I+25)
      CMPGAL = UMPGAL
C
C
C
C                   .
C     SKIP PUNCH OF SUMMARY IF SW. 3  IS  ON
C
 1092 IF(SEUSE SWITCH 3)  1115.6000
C
C   '                                     '                       .
C     RUN SUM?---*-' Ol'TPUT
C
C
 9991 FORMAT(lHl)
 6000 PUNCH 9600
 9600 FORMATdHl. 13X.41HETHYL CORPORATION - PUBLIC  HEALTH SFn>VlCF.)
      PUNCH 9601
 9601 FORMAT!16X.38HEXHAUST EMISSION  SURVEILLANCE CONTRACT/)


                                - 28 -

-------
     PUNCH 9602.KRUN.ODOM
9602 FORMAT: 16H SUMMARY FOR RUN. 2x.A5»25x.8HODOMETFR.il<»)
     PUNCH 9603.ELMILE
9603 FORMAT <35X,9HGAS TEMP.»tX.llHOBS.  MILES»F11.3)'
     PUNCH 960U.CITY(K(1)).ELMIN
960»* FORMAT(5H CITY.8X.A5» 17X.10UH. ) .16H   08S.   MINUTES»FQ.2)
     PUNCH 9605»K<2) .CMPH           -    •-•-      "-•
9605 FORMAT(6H VISIT. 19, 13X. 3<4HCOUNT  DEG. CORR.   CALC.  M!|_FS/HR»
    1       F8.25
     PUNCH 9606»N3(MX)rNU(MX).RATIO
9606 FORMATC7H DEVICE.7X,2A3«28X,11HCOUNT RATIO.Fll.3)
     PUNCH 9607»CMAKE(K(£;) ) . CTN,GTDFN.GTCFN.CPM
9607 FORMAT(9H CAR MAKE. MX , A5. 5'X. 4HNITR. 16. F5. O.F6. 3» UX»
    1       15HAVE. COUNTS/MIN.F7.1)
     PUNCH 9608^K<5>.CTS.GTDFS.GTCFS.CFPCT
960fl FORMATC8H SAMPLER.17.8X.^HSAMP.I6.F5.O.F6.3.4X»
    1       1UHCUB. FT./COUNT.F8.3)
     PUNCH 9610.K(6> .CTC.GTDFC.GTCFC.SCFAIR    .. ... •
9610 FORMATdlH CAR NUMBER. 14.8X. UHCARB. I6..F5. O.F6". 3.4X*  .
    1       1PHSCF AIR/MILE»F10.1/)
     PUNCH 9612.N1(K(7)),N2(K(7))                              J
9612 FORMATUX.2A3.16H RUN  ON THIS CAR/)
     TF(K(7) - 2) 613.613.612
 612 K(7) r 2
 613 PUNCH 9613
9613 FORMAT122X.20HFROM NITROGEN COUNTS.6X.
    1       IflHFROM CO/C02  CALCN./1
1614 PUNCH 8617.CAF
8617 FORMAT(19H AMRIENT CONDITIOrgS. 30X.
    i           IUHAIR/FUEL RATio>F7.2)
 618 PUNCH 9618.D1LRAT.EFFDIL             -
9618 FORMAT(18X.2(5X< 1<4HOILUTION RATIO.F7.3))
1619 PUNCH 8619.TAVB.CEARAT
8619 FORMAT(6H TEMP..4X.  I5.2H F.32X.         "                  :
    1           1UHEXH/AIR  RATIO.F7.3)
     PUNCH 8620.PAVR.CSCFEX
8620 FORMAT(9H PRESSURE.F6.2.UH IN..30X,
    1           12HSCF EXH/MILE.F9.1)
     IF (MX - 2) 621.621.1621
1621 PUNCH 8621.HUMID.UMPGAL                      •
6621 FORMAT19H HyMIDITY.16.4H PCT.30X.
    1           12HMILES/GALLON.F9.1//)
     GO TO 1622
 621 PUNCH 9621»HUMID»UMPGAL»CMPGA|_
9621 FORMAT(9H HUMIDITY. 16. «4H. PCT.
    1           2UX.12HMILES/GALLON.F9.1.1X)//)
1622 PUNCH 8622
     PUNCH 9622
     PUNCH 9623
8622 FORMAT(22X.c3H....NITROGEN SCALED.....
    1        3X.23H	CO/C02 SCALED	>
9622 FORMAT!19H EFFLUENT  DILUTE  ,2(26H   UNDILUTED  EMISSION wT.
9623 FORMAT(11X.7HFXHAUST.?;26H     EXHAUST     LB/MILE   )/)
     IF(MX -. 2) 62U.62U. 162<+
162«* PUNCH 962U.DEHCIR. V(U) .EWHCIR, V<26)
     PUNCH 9625»DEHCF-I,V(5) . EWHCFI. V(27)


                               - 29 -

-------
                                                                            1
                                                                            I


      PUNCH 9626»DENOX.V<8) .tV.'MOX. V( 30)                                     j
      PUNCH 9112  '                                                          j
      PUNCH 9627.DECO.UECO.EWCO.CECO                                        |
      PUNCH 9628.DEC02.UEC02-EWC02.CEC02                                    •
      60 TO 629                                                             !
  624 PUNCH 962U.DEHCIR.VU).EWHlIR,V(26).CWHCIR                            !
 962<4 rORMAKSH HC NDIR.I6.5H PPMC.2U8.5H PPMC. F10.4. 3X) )              -    ,
      PUNCH 9625»DEHCFI,V<5).EWHCFI,V(271.CWHCFI                            1
 9625 FORMATC7H HC FID.I7.5H PPMC.2U8.5H PPMC.F10.4.3X)T                   !
      PUNCH 9626»DENOX.V<8>»EWNOX.V(30».CWNOX                               )
 9626 FORMATUH NOX.I10.UH PPM.2F11.2»«+H PCTiF9.2«UH PCT//)                              \
      IFJFFDIL - DlLRAT) 630»1108.110ft                              '        ;
  630 PITCH 9630»FFOlL»DILRAT                                               I
 9630 FORM/>T(32H OIL. RATIO FROM CO/C02 CALCN. =>F6.3>
     1       14H IS LOWER THAN.F6.3.21H FROM NITROGEN  COONTS//J
C                             -•                                             -;'
C     PUNCH COGENT CARDS IF'ANY	DELETING  THE CODtS                    :
C
 9112 FORMAT(1H )                                                           '
 1106 IFiNCOMM) Ili5»1115.1109                                              j
 1109 DO 1110  Irl.NCOMM                                                     ;
 1110 PUNCH ICOMM(i)        ,.,.,...-
C                                                                           :
C          •-•   .    .....,-.        .'•     ••                                     ;
C     *»»** o»* »**«* + *$ * * + $ + ****** + ******»**»***»** + ****<<*$***«»» * *$+***»	
C          '      '                  :                        .         ''        :
C     PUNCH OUTPUT USED AS INPUT FOR DELS PROGRAM                       ;-  f
C          AND.AS INPUT FOR ANOVA                                           j
C                                                  -                         !
 1115 PUNCH 9115»KRUN                                                       !
 9115 FORMAT(/«*1H10U1PUT CARDS FOR FUTURE ANALYSIS OF  DATA*                 ;
     1        23H ARE LISTED BELOW.,.RUN»?X.A5/)                            ;
c                 -   .  r •            '                                 ,....;..
C     CITY.VlSIT.DEVlCErCAR MAKErPEPEAT RUN.CAR NO..MPH.ODOMETER
C
 8120 PUNCH 9120. (K(I) .1=1.<+) .K(7) ,K(6) .V(l) .X(4).KA.KB/10                  ;
 9120 FORMAT(I3.5I7,4X,2I7.14X.2l4.2H3D                       "             j.
C
C     PER CENT UNDILUTED EXHAUST..HClR.HCFIDrCO.C02»NOX.02
C          SCALED SO THAT OUTPUT IS IN  PP^1
C              ..CO/C02  SCALED..  DATA                                       •'
C          THEN AMBIENT CONDITIONS                                          :
C
      PUNCH 8121. '.V( I) .1 = 26.30) ,V( 9). (V< I) .1 = 21.23) .KA.KB/10
 8121 FORMAT(9I7.7X,2IU.2H32)                                               .
C
C     EMISSION WEIGHT.  LB/M1LE....HCIR.HCFIO.CO.C02.NCX                    :
C          SCALED TIMES 10000
C              ..N2 SCALED..  DATA                                           -


                               - 30 -

-------
C          CARBURETOR TEMPERATURE.SCFAIR.CSCFEX
C
      PUNCH 9122..V<2>»V(25)»KA,KB/10
 9122 FORMAT(8I7»1UX.2I<4,2H33>                                                  \
C                                                                                -
C     PER CENT UNDILUTED EXHAUST..HCIR.HCFIP,CO.C02.NOX.02
C          SCALED SO THAT OUTPUT IS IN PPM
C             . ,N2 SCALED..  DATA
c          THEN AMBIENT CONDITIONS
c                                                                               •
      PUNCH 9121., 1 = 32.36),V(13).V(2)»V<25>»KA.KR/10           J
 9125 FORMAT<8l7.1UX,2li+»2H35//)
C
c                .                .                     „,'•-..'•
C     MAKE THE REFURBISHED DATA DECK
C     USUAL   CARD 03 HAS ..CO/C02 SCALED.. UNDlLUTED-EXRAIJST-CONCN*
C     SPECIAL CARD 07 HAS . .N2  SCALED.;.     UNDILUTED-EXHAUST-COMCN*
C        THAT 13.  TAlLPIPE-EXHAUST-CONCN.
C     USUAL   CARD 04 HAS ..N2  SCALED..     EMISSION WT.-LB/MlLE
C
  7t*0 PUNCH 9721.KRUN. (X( I) . 1 = 2.7) .DILRAT.CAFrCEARAt.J^ 1.1) »X(FO) »KA»KB_,_
      PUNCH 9722.(X(I).1=13.23).KA.KB                    '                -
      roNCH 9723. ( X ( I) . Ir2<*, 26) . CMPGAL. X < 27) . X (28) » V(26> »V( 27) .
     1           X(53) ^(Si*'.V(30! .X(3U) .KA.KB        ''                    ',    ;
      PUNCH 972U.(X(I).1=35.45).KA,KB
 9721 FORMAT(1X,A5. Il.F7.3.I6.F7.3.»r7.2.2(F6.2.F6.3) .
     1       2F6.1.I4,I5f1H1)
 9722 FORMAT (F3.1. I«*, 16, F12.1. F&. 3. 2l6.2F7.2. 17. F6.2. I«*'tl5»lH?)
 9723 FORMAT (F3.1, lU. 16, F&. 1 »F6. 1, F&. 3, 216, 2F7.2. 17. F&. 2. IU . I«5» 1H3J
 9727 FORMAT(7X,F6.1,F6.1,12X»2I6,2F7.2, I7.F6.2, I«*. I5.1H7)
 972U FORMAT (F3.1. Iu. 16. F12.1, F&. 3.2F6. U .F7.4 , F7. 3.F7.U.F6.3* IQ t Ifi» 1HU)
  725 I = 5
      PUNCH 9001,KA,KB,I
      1 = 6                                         '
      PUNCH 9002.KA,KB,I
      PUNCH 9727,PCTAIR,UMPGAL»VC*),V(5).X(3J).X(32)»V
-------
Preload for Computer Program TRAILR
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
32
33
34
35
36
?7
38
CHFV
FORD
PLYM
OENV
HOUS
MtNN
PHNX
CINC
66*0
63.0
66.0
63.0
0.0001
1.0
0.0
50.00
7.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.i •
70.0
1000.0
-20.0
0.0
150.0
200.0
0.0
1.5
30.0
0.1
0.3
170.0
100.0
-20.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
300.0
100.0
-20.0
                      99999.0
                          9.0
                          1.0
                      30000.0
                          9.0
                         30.0
                         50.0
                          6.0
                        20.0
                          1.4
                        200.0
                        200.0
                          0.3
                        110. 0
                       8000.0
                        120.0
                          >.0
                       2000.0
                       3000.0
                          5.0
                         10.0
                       2000.0
                          5.0
                          0.5
                      .  200.0
                       4000.0
                        120.0
                          2.0
                       5000.0
                       9999.9
                         in. n
                         20.0
                         20.0
                          o.<»
                        400.0
                       4 000.0
                        120.0
               - 32 -

-------
                                    o.i
                                    °»i
                                    0.6
                °'°                 2-0
                °'°                 o.i.
                0.0                 1<2
              -30-°               120.0
               21*°                32.0
                o.o               100.0
1          1          6
2          1          9
3          1          2
*          1          3
5          1          9
6          1        99
7          1          2
8          0          1
9          1          9
                       - 33 -

-------
       APPENDIX II.  STEADY-STATE CO, COz. A/F RELATIONS

      The usual method of relating the exhaust gas composition to the air-fuel
ratio (A/F) in an internal combustion engine is by means of a theoretical
relationship similar to the calculations of B. A.  D'Alleva and W. G. Lovell,
S.A.E. Journal, J58,  No.  3,  90-98, 116(1936).   The C/H ratio of the fuel must
be known as well as the amount and C/H ratio of hydrocarbon effluents.  A
water-gas  equilibrium constant must also be assumed at  some equivalent
temperature.  Systematic deviations from these "theoretical" curves have been
noted both  for single-cylinder and multicylinder engines.  In the D'Alleva-
Lovell work (abbreviated  D'A-L below) the  rich-side CG£ was too high by
about 0.5 per cent, and the lean-side CC>2 was too low by as much as  1. 0
per cent.   The CO was too low by as much as 0. 5 to 1.0 per tent and  both
oxygen and CO were observed on both sides of the "stoic.iiometric" limit.

      A different approach has beefTtaken in this investigation.   Experimental
CO and CO£ data are  correlated against experimental A/F for two sets of
multicylinder engine data. These comprised 49 data points from D'A-L and 27
data points obtained with a 283 cu.  in.  Chevrolet engine using Indolene and also
a "commercial regular" fuel (9 other data points using isooctane were not used).
Thsse were sent by L. C.  Broering,  Jr.  to C. Walcutt on Feb.  21,  1966 and
are said to be the best data obtained at  the Public Health  Service at Cincinnati.
(These are designated LCB below.)

      This  collection  of 73 data points is  believed to be a good representative
sample of multicylinder engine data as  a whole.  The newer data provide an
excellent confirmation of  the older work.        ,        ......

      A plot of the CO data vs A/'F showed that the D'A-L data had consider-
ably less spread than LCB, that the two sets of data were in general agreement,
and that both confirmed the presence of CO on the "lean" side.   The CO de-
creased steadily and was  still appreciable up to about A/'F = 18. 0.  Two
empirical equations gave  an adequate representation..  For A/F  ratios up to
about 13. 52 a straight line was adequate

                    Y  =   14.4 - 0.40 X                          (1A)

where X =  2. 2 to 13. 5% CO and Y is A/F for the  range 9. 00 to 13.52.  After
careful consideration of the plotted data for the higher A/F it was decided
that  a  smooth curve could be drawn which would contact the line at 2. 2% CO
and become zero at A/F • 18. 0.  The curve is represented by  the hyperbola

                    Y  =   12.42546 + 2. 9963/(X  + 0.5375).         (IB)

where X = 0. 0 to 2. 2% CO and Y  is A/F for the  range 13.52 to 18. 0.
      Examination of a plot of the CO£ data showed that the CO£ - A/F rela-
tionship was not well defined, especially above A/F =13.  Near the peak
(between A/F - 14 and 15),  the spread in the CO£ content was t 1.0%.  The


                                    -  34-

-------
shape of the theoretical curves was kept in mind in choosing the following
four-part  representation for CC>2 which gives the greatest weight to D'A-L.
      X =  6tol3%CO2;  Y  = A/F  = 9 to  13. 375                  (ZA)
             Y  =  5.25 +  0.635X


      X =  13. 00 to 13.48% COz;  Y = A/F = 13.375 to  14. 13           (2B)
             Y  =  12.8716 +  0.4027/{13.8 - X)


      X =  13. 48 to 13. 30% CO2:  Y = A/F  = 14. 13 to 14.80           (2C)
             Y  =  15. 5817 - 0. 30485/(13.69 - X)


      X = 13. 30 to 11. 7Vo COz; Y = A/F = 14.80 to 18. 0    '         (2D)

             Y  =  41.4 - 2.0 X                         .
   .   Equations 2A and 2D were fitted first and provide a reasonable repre-
sentation except for the region near 14 to 15 A/F.  These equations intersect
at A/F = 13.86 and 13. 77% CC>2.  The sections near the top were approximately
rounded off by eye.  The curved section was  fitted by two intersecting hyper-
bolas, equations 2B and 2C which contact the two lines reasonably.  The match
point of 2B and 2C is 13.48% CO2 and A/F =  14; 1 3;~calculated CO = 1.2203%.

      The equations above  can also be expressed in terms of CO2 from CO/CO2"
at the same A/F ratio.  The five relationships are  shown in the attached table.
They correspond to the simultaneous  solution of equations:

             1A for CO  and 2A for  CO2     Rich
             1A for CO  and 2B for  CO2     Rich
             IB for CO  and 2B for  CO2     Rich
             IB for CO  and 2C for  CO2     Lean
             IB for CO  and 2D for  CO2     Lean

In using these relations,  the criterion of "Lean" given in Rule 1 10 satisfactory.
It is  based on the match point of equations 2B and 2C.

      Rule 1
             When using the CO/CO2 relations, the "Lean" criterion is
      CO/CO2 less than 0.09052.
                                  -  35  -

-------
Air/Fuel ratio
    range

    9. 000
      to
   13.375
CO/CO2
  range

2.25
 to
0.197115
    Equation for  Y  =
    •v.9 function of. X  = CO/CO2

Y  = 22.8757(1.5625  + X)
   13.375
     to
   13.520
0.197115
 to
0. 166933
               W  =  1.9105  +  6.9X

               Y  =  [W -   /N/V
                   -  51.72305XJ/X
   13.520
     to
   14.130
0.166933
 to
0.090526
W =  3.0892766 +  7.3513157X
Y  =  [ W -*\/W2 -  84.778705X]/X
   14.130
     to
   14.800
0.090526
 to
0.054462
W =  0.20591289 +  6. 7967068X
Y  =  [W +  /\/W2  -  5.6898101X]/X
   14.800
     to
   18.000
0.054462
 to.
0.000000
W =  -0.26875  + 7.243635X

Y  =  [W  +
                                   +  6.2887576X]/X
      Tables 3 ^nd 4 show.the experimental CO, CO£ and A/F data and calcu-
lated values and deviations for A/F from CO, A/F from COz, A/F from
CO/COz,  and COz from CO/COz.  86% of the differences between observed
A/C and thaf calculated from CO/CO^ lie within 0. 7 units with 62% within 0. 3
units.  The poorest fit is on the lean side at high A/F, where the scatter of the
data is wide.  However,  the effect on the exhaust/air (E/A) ratio is  small.  On
the lean side E/A changes by less than 0. 004 per A/F.   On the rich  side, E/A
changes by about 0. 03 per A/F.  If the lean side error of fit  is taken to be
about 1. 0  unit in A/F, this corresponds to 0. 004 in E/A. On the rich  side the
value is 0. 4 unit in A/F  corresponding to about 0. 012 in E/A.  On the  whole,
the error  in the Ib/mile  of effluents is thus less than one per cent because of
the uncertainty in estimating the air-fuel ratio.
                                   - 36 -

-------

-------
            •U-
      •t-H-
      tr.t:
                     iicit
          St
          rm-
                           4TT-
                               m
                             ii-H

                           ±
                                                     CO
                5
                ±±
                4-
                                  r
      ±:i
          4--
                ,Oi__
                h
                                                     " ' I .
                                                           ^,1
      •ITL
                                rBi

                                ;ft
                           ,_*_ _


                           :H:
                                          ;4u»t
j	
             4-
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                                    _i-j_,O.
                                      -L. -)-
                               .i.J-i-j
                                             3£
                                          -  . »—
                                      .!AL 40  ,

                                      ^j^:p:

  1*

      L.L


      Hi
                                                                         l-ililil
              i_

          til.
                       -t-r
                -:-i-i-
                                           ..!.:_;.
                                 T~1 i

                                w
                 -J±
       it
                                                          +i
      iflr
      tti±
                                     ±

                                     l
                                                  W-T
                                                           j	i
          s
      lit-
w
vt
       -.
rht
          ifF
                                 .i...-j
                                 44
                                         .Iff
                                                t
                                                       -j-i
                                               - -(-
                                                fl
               m
                                                  ±a±
                                                  --l-i4-
                                                                     4-M4
                                                                          4-l
4-i-L.l


±h|l

Wf
di
                did
                                  i
                                                                 ±t
     :h
                     ffit
                           4_
                                   tt
                                                  tt
s
                                                                ±H-
                                                          iiix
                                                          ..j-LL
      j.i.l-
      si
   o
                   4

                   It-
                        ff-
     -4.J-.

     IE
o.
  fi
           -OO-l
           fj-f-f-
                      ! J4-t
                                       -fi-
                                   o_
•fttt
              a

                                                -H-t!
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                                                      4

           .»•-.»-
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                         10
                         IT-
                                         If
                                                       iff

-------
D'Alleva and Lovell measurements.
.\'o.

i
2
3

•;.
6
7
^
9
10
1
2
3
,\
',



9
10
11
12
13
1U
1
2
3
:,
5
6
7
c
9
10
11
12
13

15
16
17
1C
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
CO

7.2
'3-9
2 ""*
ols"
4.o
C.I
?.2
10.5
2 . '•'.
3-3
U.3

6.6
B.I
.".9 '
li.k
11.3
2.1.
1-5
0.6
0.9
0.''.
0.2
0.0
0.2
• 0.1
1.9
0.9
'•••'j
"\ . •'-•
13. ''4
8.6
c u
6.6
3.e
£.6
O.j
0.2
0.5
2.3
'* . 6
6.3
8.7
10.6
7 . ^
5.2
3-5
1.2
0.5
CO->

9.9

13.2
13.0
12.3
0.3
11.0
7.3
13-1
12.0
11.9
12.3
10.2
3 ~<
•\ . 7
7.3 .
V . 2
iz'.l
13.-''
13-6
i *> . '••
13.3
12."
12.4
13.0
12.1
13.1
13.2
11.0
10.0
o.o
8.9
9.0
10,2
12.3
13.1
14.0
13.3
13.8
13.2
11.0
10.5
8 E
7.6
9-7
11.1
12.1*
13-7
114.1
co/co=

o.7:rr
0.939
0.107
0.062
0.325
o !^-*^
0 . 4 6'i
1.3111.1
0.190
0.202
0.361
0.276
0.6'*7
o . 9°9
1 . o:jj
-L.5i.-2
1.569
0.168
0. 112
0.059
~\o6'?
0.01.5
0.010
0.000
0.015
• o.oo?
?.145
0.063
0.33;:
0.720
2.233
0.9&9
0.976
0.667
0.309
0.193
0.036-
0.015
0.0143
o. 171*
0.397
0.590
0.939
1.1*21
0.76!+
0.1*68
0.282
o.oSo
0.035
Gbc;.
A/F
11.3
lO.o -
13.6-
15.2
13-1
11.1
12.2
lO.J
13. 'J
12.8
12.9
13.1
12.0
. 11.0
' .-.1J .(!'
10.1
10.1
13.5
114.1
l'» . 0
15.0
15.5
16.1
17.1
16.2
17 . 2
lit .0
15-1
12.5
11.'*
6.9
10.9
11.0
11.6
12.9
13.6 •
11*. 6
15.6 '
11*. 2
13.'4
12.'*
11. fa
10.7
10.0
11.14
12.1
12.9
1'*.0
ll*. 6
Proiii CO From
A/K
ll.i,:.'
10.&
13.52
14.67
12.50
11.16
12.3.? '
10.: j
13.36
13'. 66
12.66
13.04
11.76 •
10.9-'.
10."-'.
Q '"'J:
9 O1' :>
13.44
13.90

14 . 51
1 'j , \*S
j, •') . i^ Q
16.00
16'. 4Q '
17.13
13.65
14 . 51
12.60
- 11.52
9.1*
10.33
10.88
11.63
12.66-
-13-36
15.31
16.49
15.C6
13.1.8
12. yj
11 . 92
10.92
10.06
• 11.36
12.32
13. co
14.15
15.31
Dlf:1.
10.22
+o'.&
-0.08
-0.53
-0.30
(0.06
+0. 12
-0.10
-()..'* 4
tO.L'3
-0.22
-0.06
-0.24
-0.0l4
-0.16 '
-'0.2o
-0.22
-0.06
-0.20
t-0.07
-0.49
-0.;'-4
•0.39

+0.20
+0.07
-0.35
-0.59
+0.10
+0.12
+0.14
-0.02
-:0.12
+0.08
-0.02
-0.24
+0.71
+6.89
-0.66
*0.o3
-0.16
+0.12
+0.22
+0.03 .
-0.04
+0.12
+0.10
+0.15
+0.71
A/F
11.44
10.88
13.514
15.40
12.91.
11.06 -
12.13
. 10.13
. 13. ''5
13.13
12.69
12.9-',
11 . 63
10.69
10.69
o. 81
9-75
13.25
13.86
14 . 13
1'* . 53
14.60
1- .00
16.60
15.1+0
16.60
13.45
15.00
12.50
11.50
9.00
10.81
10.88
11.63
12.Q4
13.145
14.13
14.80
14.13
13 . 54
12.50
11.81
10.75
10.00
11.31
12.19
13.00
• 14.13
, 14.13
CO;,
DilT.
+0.14
+0.28
-0.06
+0.20
-0.16
-o.o.'*
-0.07
-0.17
-0.35
»o.33
-0.21
-0.16
-0.37
-O.'3l
-0.31
-0.29
-0.35
-0.25
-0.22
-0.37
-0.47
-0.70 '
-0.10
-0.50
-0.60
-0.60
-0. 55
-0.10
0.00
+0.10
+ 0.10
-0.09
-0.12
+0.03
+O.04
-0.15
-0.47
-0.80
-0.07
+0.14
+0.10
+0.01
+0.05
0.00
-0.09
+0.09
+0.10
+0.13
-0.47
From C0/C02
t-l?
11.49
10.85
13.52
14.62
12.83
11.13
12.31-
10.17
13-37
13-09
12.68
13.03
11.72
10.86 '
10.76
9.33
9.82.
13.42
13.89
14.69
14.51
15.06
16.4Q
18.00
16.56
17.15
13.65
14.49
12.58
11.51
9.02
10. C5
10.88
11.66
12.26
13-37
15.41
16.57
15.14
13.48
12.54
11.69
10.85
10.04
11.34
12.29
13.00
14.16
15.41
Diff .
+0.19
+0.25
-0.08
-0.58
-0.53
+0.03
+0.11
-0.13
-0.43
+0.29
-0.28
-0.07
-0.28
-0.14
-0.22
-o.?t
-0.28
-0.08
-0.21
+0.09
-0.49
-0.42
+0.39
+0.90
+0.36
-0.05
-0.35
-0.61
+0.08
+0.11
+0.12
-0.05
-0.12
+O.O6
-0.64
-0.23
+0.81
+0.97
+0.94
•+0.08
+0.14
+0.09
+0.15
+0.04
-0.06
+0.19
+0.10
+0.16
+0.81
From CO/COo
C02
9.991
6.965
13-179
13.374.
12.119
9.400
11.23?
7.865
12.993
12.538-
11.692
12.442
10.353
8.9-55
8.847
7.321 .
7.305
13.063
13.1*06
13.3149
13- '*05
13.161
12.454
11.700
12.417
12.126
13.277
13.410
11.723
10.022
6.027
8.965
9-004
10.260
12.223
12.993
12.997
12.417
13.128
13.144
11.67'.
10.627
8.965
7.667
9.749
11.266
12.402
13.475
12.977
Ratio
1.009'
0.996
0.998
1.029
0.9S5
1.011
1.026
• 1.008
1.006
0.995
0.999
1.012
1.015
1.030
1.017
1.003
1.015
1.020
' 1.000
0.982
1.031
0.990
0.9-51
0.944
0.955
0.978
1.014
1.016
1.011
1.002
- 1.005
1,007
1.000
1.006
0.991*
0.992
0.928
0.931*
0.951
0.996
1 . 006
1.012
1.019
1.009
1.005
1.015
1.000
0.984
0.920

-------
no.
Inciolene
          CO
                                            Table 4.   CO,  CO2, A/F Data.   PHS Data.
                   CO?
co/cos
                                                                         From  CO-,
                                                                                                From CO/COp
                                                                                       From CO/CO;
U)
4^
A.
Cornmer
2.03
1.13
9.25
5.9
3-3
2.0
0.23
3.0
0.1*5
0.2^
6.75
0.45
0.20
1.73
0.45
2.25
Cial ror-ul
12.35
12.3
9-75
11.3
12.6
12.8
12.3
11.7
12.6
12.15
9-95
12.25
11.7
13-1
12.8
11.6
0.164
0.092
0.9^9
0.522
0.262
0.156
0.019
0.256
0.036
0.021
0.678
0.037
0.017
0.132
0.035
o. 19'*
13.6
15.0
10.5
11.9
12.9
14.1
16.7
13-2
15.2
16.15
11.7
15.6
18. 3
14.3
15.6
15.0
13-59
14.22
10.70
12.04
13.08
13.61
16.33
13-20
15.46
• 16.23
11.70
15-46
16.49 '
13.75
15.46
13.50
-0.01
-0.78
+0.20
+0.14
+0.18
-0.49
-0.37
0.00
+0.26
+0.08
0.00
-0.14
-l.'Bi
-0.55
-0.14
-1.50
12.97
16. 80
11.34
12.31
13.13
13.25
16. 80
12.56 '
16.20
17.10
11.47
16.90
18.00
13.45
15.80
12.50
-0.63
+1.80
+0.84
+0.41
+O.23
-0.85
+0.10
-0.64
+1.00
+0.95
-0.23
+1.30
-0.30
• -0.85
+0.20
-2.50
13-53
14. 11
10.94
12.11
13.09
13-58
16.28
13-11
15.40
16.16
11.63
15-37
16.42
13-74
15.45
13-39
-0.07
-0.89
+0.44
+0.21
+0.19
-0.52
-0.42
-0.09
+0.20
+0.01
-0.07
-0.23
-1.88
-0.56
-0.15
-1.61
13.193
- 13-475
9-108
10.974
12.538
13 . 229
12.557
' 12.579
12.997
12.620
10.210
13-017
12.469
13.331
12.977
13.022
1.068
1.096
0.931*
0.971
0.995
1.034
1.021
1.075
1.032
1.039
1.026
1 . 064
1.067
1.016
1 . 014
1.123
1.05
1.H5
6.15
-•37
2.05
7-7.5
^.y>
0.37
1.97
^.5
0.2',
12.0
12.15
10.5
10.9
12.6
9.95
11.6
12.15
12.6
11.7
13-1
O.O'ifl
• 0.152
0.586
0.034
O.luO
0.779
0.375
0.030
0.150
0.385
0.019
15-7
14.7 .
12.0
17.3
14.1
11.0
12.35
16.25
14.0
12.35
15.7
14.31 .
13.68
11.94
15.73
13-58
11.30
12.66
15.73
13.62
12.60
16.23
-1.39
-1:02
-0/06
-1.57
-0.52
+O.JO
+O.31
-0.52
-0.38 •
+0.25
+0.53
17.40
12.84
11.81
19.42
13.25
11.47
12.50
17.10
13-13
12.56
15.20
+1.70
-1.86
-0.19
+2.12
-0.85
+0.47
+0.15-
+1.85
-0.07
+0.21
-0.50
14.16
13.60
11.91
' 15.49
13.55
11.36
12.63
15.67
13.57
12.59
16.29
-1.54
-1.10
-0.09
-1.81
-0.53
+0.36
+0.28
-0.58
-0.43
+0.14
+0.59
13.475
13.247
10.647
12.955
13.211
9.769
11.8o6
12.865
13.229
11.746
12.557
1.123
1.090
1.014
1.169
1.032
0.962
1.018
1.059
1.050
1.004
0.959

-------
                      APPENDIX III.   TABLES
      Individual calculations are most easily carried out using the set of
tables included with this report.   These tables are based on the identical
equations and relations discussed in the text  and used in the computer
program.  They include


              A/F from CO

              A/F from CO2  (rich)

              A/F from CO2  (lean)

              COz from CO/CO2

              E/A from A/F

              Temperature  correction term for gas  volumes
                    to 68'c F

              Vapor pressure of water        .
                                 -  37 -

-------
                 AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON MONOXIDE

        .00   .01   .02   .03   .04   .05   .06   .07   .08   .09

   .0  18.00 17.90 17.80 17.71 17.61 17.53 17.44 17.36 17.2^ 17.20
   .1, .17.13 17.05 16.98 16.91 16.35 16.78 16.72 16.66 lfi.60.16.5U
   .2  16.U9 16.4.3 16.38 16.33 16.28 16.23 16.18 16.14 I6.0« 16.05
   .3  16.00 15.96 15.92 15.88 15.84 15.80 15.76 15.73 15.6° 15,66
   .U  15.62 15.59 15.55 15.52 15.U9 15.46 15.U3 15.40 15.37 15.24

   .5  15.31 15.29 15.26 15.23 15.21 15.18 15.16 15.13 15-11 15.0ft
   .6  15.06 15.04 15.01 14.99 14.97 1U.95 14.93 14.91 I4.8Q 1U.87
   .7  1U.85 14.83 14.81 14.79 It*.77 14.75 14.73 14.72 14.70 1U.68
   .8  1U.67 14.65 14.63 14.62 14.60 14.58 14.57 14.55 14.54 14.52
   ..9  1U.51 14.50 14.48 14.47 14.(*5 14.44 14.43 14.41 14.40 14.39

  1.0  1U.37 14.36 14.35 14.34 14.32 14.31 14.30 14.29 14.28 14.27
  V.1" 14.26 14.24 14.23 14.22 14.21. 14.20 14.19 14.18 14.17 14.16
  1.2 .14.15 14.14 14.13 14.12 14.11 14.10 14.09 14.08 14.07 14.07
  1.3  1U.06 14.05 14.04 14.03 14.02 14.01 14.00 14.00 13.°o 13.98
  1.4  13.97 13.96 13.96 13.95 13.94 13.93 13.93 13.92 i3.9l 13.90

  .1.5  13.90 13.89 13.88 13.87 13.87 13.86 13.85 12.85 13.84 13.83
  '1.6'  13.83 13.82 13.81 13.81 13.80 13.80 13.79 13.78 I?.7p 13.77
  1.7  13.76 13.76 13.75 13.75 13.74 13.74 13.73 13.72 13.72 13.71
  1.8  13.71 13.70 13.70 13.69 13.69 13.68 13.68 13.67 13.66 13.66
  1.9  13.65 13.65 13.64 13.64 13.63 13.63 13.63 13.62 13.62 13.61

  2.0  13.61 13.60 13.60 13.59 13.59 13.58 13.58 13.57 13.57 13.5.7
  2.1 4 13.56 13.56 13.55 13.55 13.54 13.54 13.54 13.53 13.53 13.52
  2.2  13.52 13.52 13.51 13.51 13.50 13.50 13.50 13.49 13.4P 13.48
  2.3  13.48 13.48 13.47 13.47 13.46 13.46 13.46 13.45 13.45 13.44
  2.4  13.44 13.44 13.43 13.43 13.42 13.42 13.42 13.41 13.41 13.40

  2.5  13.40 13.40 13.39 13.39 13.38 13.38 13.38 13.37 13.37 13.36
  2.6  13.36 13.36 13.35 13.35 13.34 13.34 13.34 13.33 13.33 13.32
  2.7  13.32 13.32 13.31 13.31 13.30 13.30 13.30 17..29 13.2° 13.28
  2.8  13.28 13.28 13.27 13.27 13.26 13.26 13.26 13.25 13.25 13.24
  2.9  13.24 13.24 13.23 13.23 13.22 13.22 13.22 13.21 13.21 13.20

  3.0  13.20 13.20 13.19 13.19 13.18 13.18 13.18 13.17 I?.17 13.16
  3.1  13.16 13.16 13.15 13.15 13.14 13.14 13.14 13.13-13.13 13.12
  3.2  13.12 13.12 13.11 13.11 13.10 13.10 13.10 13.09 13.0° 13.08
  3.3  13.08 13.08 13.07 13.07 13.06 13.06 13.06 13.05 13.05 13.04
  3.4  13.04 13.04 13.03 13.03 13.02 13.02 13.02 13.01 13.01 13.00

  3.5  13.00 13.00 12.99 12.99 12.98 12.98 12.98 12.97 12.97 12.96
  3.6  12.96 12.Q6 12.95 12.95 12.94 12.94 12.94 12.93 12.93 12.^2
  3.7  12.92 12.92 12.91 12.91 12.90 12.90 12.90 12.89 12.&Q 12.88
  3.8  12.88 12.88 12.87 12.87 12.86 12.86 12.86 12.85 12.85 12.84
  3.9  12.84 12.84 12.83 12.83 12.82 12.82 12.82 12.81 12.81 12.80
ETHYL CORPORATION.  DETROIT,  MARCH 1,  1966


                               - 38 -

-------
                 AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON MONOXIDF

        .00   .01   .02   .03   .04   .05   .06   .07   .Ofl   .09

  4..0  12.80 12.80 12.79 12.79 12.78 12.78 12.78 12.77 12-77 12.7&
  U.I  12.76 12.76 12.75 12.75 12.74 12.74 12.74 12.73 12.73 12.72
  4.2  12.72 12.72 12.71 12.71 12.70 12.70 12.70 12.69 12.6° 12.68
  4.3  12.68 12.68 12.67 12.67 12.66 12.66 12.66 12.65 12.65 12.64
  4.4  12.64 12.64 12.63 12.63 12.62 12.62 12.62 12,61 12.61 12*60

  4.5  12.60 12.60 12.59 12.59 12.58 12.58 12.58 12.57 12.57 12*56
  1.6  12.56 12.5b 12.55 12.55 12.54 12.54 12.54 12.53 12-53 12.52
  4.7  12.52 12.52 12.51 12.51 12.50 12.50 12.50 12.49 12.49 12.48
  4.8  12.48 12.48 12.47 12.47 12.U6 12.46 12.46 12.45 12.45 12.44
  4.9  12.44 12.44 12.43 12.43 12.42 12.42 12.42 12.41 12.41 12.40

  5.0  12.40 12.40 12.39 12.39 12.33 12.38 12.30 12.37 12.37 12.36
  5.1  12.36 12.36 12.35 12.35 12.34 12.34 12.34 1.2.33 12.33 12.32
  5.2  12.32 12.32 12.31 12.31 12-.30 12.30 12.30 12.29 12.29 12.28
  5.3  12.28 12.28 12.27 12.27 12.26 12.26 12.26 12.25 12.25 12.24
  5.4  12.24 12.24 12.23 12-23 12.22 12.22 12.22 12.21 12«21 12.20"

  5.5  12.20 12.20 12.19 12-19 12.18 12.18 12.18 12.17 12.17 12.16
  5.6  12.16 12.J6 12.15 12.15 12-14 12.14 12.14 12.13 12-13 12.12
  5.7  12.12 i2*'i2 12.11 12.11 12.10 12.10 12.10 12.09 12.DO 12.08
  5.8  12.08 12.08 12.07 12.07 12.06 12.06 12.06 12.05 12.05 12.04
  5.9  12.04 12.04 12.03 12.03 12.02 12.02 12.02 IT  01 12.01 12.00

  6.0  12.00 12.00 11.99 11.99 11.98 11.98 11.98 11.97 U.Q7 11.96
  6.1  11.96 11.96 11.95 11.95 11.94 11.04 11.94 11.93 11.93 11.92
  6.2  11.92 11.92 11.91 11.91 11.90 11.90 .11 ..90-.11.89 II.89 11.88-
  6.3  liiOS 11.88 11.87 11.87 11.86 11'. 86 11.86 ll.85 11.85 11.84
  6.4  11.84 11.84 11.83 11.83 11.82 11.82 11.82 11,81 11.81 11.80
                                       i         r     "•
  6,5  11.80 11.8C 11.79 11.79 11.78 11.78 11.78 11.77 11.77 11.76
  6.6  11.76 11.76 11.75 11.75 11.74 11.74 11.74 11.73 11.73 11.72
  6.7  11.72 11.72 11.71 11.71 11.70 11.70 11.70 11.69 II.6P 11.68
  6.6  11.68 11.68 11,67 11.67 11.66 11.66 11.66 11.65 11.65 11.64
  6.9  11.64 11.64 11.63 11.63 11.62 11.62 11.62 11.61 11.61 11.60

  7.0  11.60 11.60 11.59 11.59 11.58 11.58 11.58 11.57 J1.57 11.56
  7.1  11.56 11.56 11.55 11.b5 11.54 11.54 11.54 11.53 11.53 11.52
  7.2  11.52 11.52 11.51 11.51 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.49 11.40 11.48
  7.3  11.48 11.48 11.47 11.47 11.46 11'.46 11.46 11.45 11.45 11.44
  7.4  11.44 11.44 11.43 11.43 11.42 11.42 11.42 11.41 11.41 11.40

  7.5  11.40 11.40 11.39 11.39 11.38 11.38 11.38 11.37 11.37 11.36
  7.6  11.36 11.36 11.35 11.35 11.34 11.34 11.34 11.33 11.33 11.32
  7.7  11.32 11.32 11.31 11.31 .11.30 11.30 11.30 11.29 11.2° 11.28
  7.8  11.28 11.28 11.27 11.27 11.26 11.'26 11.26 11.25 11.25 11.24
  7.9  11.24 11.24 11.23 11.23 11.22 11.22 11.22 11.21 11.21 11.20
ETHYL CORPORATION* DETROIT, MARCH 1. 1966
                               - 39 -

-------
                 AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON MONOXIDE
,00
.01   .02   .03   .04
.05
.06
.07
                                                        .08
3.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.1
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.U
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0
10.1
10.2
10.3
10. 4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11.0
11.1
11.2
11.3
11. «»
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.20
11.16
11.12
11.08
11.04
11.00
10.96
10.92
10.88
10. fi4
10.80
10.76
10.72
10.68
10.64
10.60
10.56
10.52
10.48
10.44
10.40
10.36
10.32
10.28
10.24
10.20
10*16
10.12
10*08
10. Ok
10.00
9.96
9.92
9.88
9.84
9.80
9.76
9.72
9.68
9.64
11.20
11.16
11.12
11.08
11*04
11.00
10.96
10.92
10.88
10.84
10. 80
10.76
10.72
10.68
10.64
10. bO
10.56
10.52
10.48
10.44
10.40
10.36
"10. '32
10,28
10.2ft
10.20
10.16
10.12
10.06
10.04
10.00
9.96
9.92
9.88
9.8
-------
        .00
   AIR/FUEL  RATIO  FROM CARBON MONOXIDE



,Cl    .02    .03    .04    .05   .06    .07
.Ofl   .09
12.0
12.1
12.2
12,3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4

13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14.0
14.1
14.2
14.3-
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15.0
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
9.60
9.56
9.52
9.48
9.44
9.40
9.36
9.32
9.28
9.24
9.20
9.16
9.12
9.08
9.04

9.00
8.96
8.92
8.88
8.84
8.80
8.76
8.72
8.68
8.64
8.60
8.56
8.52
8.<*8
8.44
8.40
8.36
8.32
8.28
8.24
0.20
8.16
8.12
8.08
8.04
9.60
9.56
9.52
9.46
9.44
9.40
9.36
9.32
9.28
9.24
9.20
9.16
9.12
9.08
9.04

9.00
8.96
8.92
8.88
8.84
8.80
8.76
8.72
8.68
8.64
8.60
8.56
8.52
8.48
8.44
8.40
8.36
8.32
8.28
8.24
8.20
8.16
8.12
8.08
8.04
9.59
9.55
9.51
9.47
9.43
9.39
9.35
9.31
9.27
9.23
9.19
9.15
9.11
9.07
9.03

8.99
8.95
8.91
8.87
8.83
8.79
3.75
8.71
6.67
8.63
8.59
8.55
8.51
8.47
8.43
8.39
8.35
8.31
8.27
8.23
8.19
8.15
8.11
8.07
8.03
Q.59
9.55
a. 51
9.47
9.43
9.39
9.35
9.31
9.27
9.23
9.19
9.15
9.11
9.07
P. 03

fl.99
8.95
8.91
8.87
8.83
8.79
8.75
8.71
8.67
8.63
8.59
9.55
8.51
8.47
fl.43
8.39
8.35
9.31
8.27
8.23
P. 19
8.15
9.11
8.07
8.03
9.5P.
9.54
9.50
9.4.6
9.42
9.38
9.34
9.30
9.26
9.22
9.18
9.14
9.10
9.06
9.02

fl.98
8.94
8. -90.
8.86
8.82.
8.78
8.74
8.70
8.66
8.62
8.58
6.54
8.50
8.46
8.42
8.38
8.34
8.30
8.26
8.22
8.18
8.14
e.io
8.06
8.02
9.58
9.54
9.50
9.46
9.42
9.38
9.34
9.30
9.26
9.22
9.18
9.14
9.10
9.06
9.02

8.98
8.94
8.90
8.86
8.82
8.78
8.74
8.70
B.66-
8.62
8.58
8.54
8.50
8.46
8.42
8.38
8.34
8.30
8.26
8.22
8.18
8.14
8.10
8.06
8.02
9.58
9.54
9.50
9.46
9.42
9.38
9.34
9.30
9.2t
9.22
9.18
9.14
9.10
9.06
9.02

8.98
8.94
8.90
8.86
8.82
8.78
8.74
8.70
8.66
8.62
8.58
8.54
8.50
8.46
8.42
8.38
8.34
9.30
8.26
8.22
8.18
8.14
8.10
8.06
8.02
9.57
9.53
9.49
9.45
9.41
9.37
9r33
9.k9
9.25
9.21
9.17
9.13
9.09
9.05
9.01

8.97
8.93
8.89
.9.85
8.81
8.77
8.73
8.69
1.9; 65
8.61
8.57
8.53
8.49
8.45
8.41
8.37
8.33
8.29
8.25
8.21
8.17
8.13
9.09
8.05
8.01
a.57
a. 53
9.4Q
°«45
a. 41
9.37
9.33
9.29
a. 25
9.21
0.17
M.13
9.09
9.05
a. 01

8.97
8.93
8.89
8.85
8.81
8.77
8.73
9.6Q
8.65
8.61
8.57
8.53
8. 4Q
fl.45
fl.41
9.37
8.33
8.?o
8.25
P. 21
fi.17
8.13
8.0Q
8.05
fc-01
C.56
9.52
9.48
9.44
9.40
9.36
9.32
9.28
9.24
9.20
9.16
9.12
9.0G
9.04
9.00
J
8.96
8.92
8.88
8.84
8.80
8.76
8.72
8.68
8.64
8.60
8.56
P. 52
8.43
8.44
8.40
8.36
8.32
8.28 '
8.24
8.20
8.16
8.12
8.08
8.04
8.00





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1





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J
ETHYL CORPORATION  DETROIT,  MARCH It  1966
                                - 41 -

-------
                AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON DIOXIDE...RICH




        .00   .01   .02   .03   .04   .05   .06   .07   .OP   .09
4.0
4.1
4.2
14.3
4.4
U.5
u.6
U.7
4.6
4.9
5.0
5.-1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.75
7.81
7.88
7.94
8.00
8.06
8.13
8.19
8.25
8.31
8.38
8.44
8.50
8.56
8.63
8.69
8.75
8.81
8.88
8.94
. 9.00
9.06
9.13
9.19
^.25
9.31
9.38
. 9.44
9.50
9.5S
9.63
9.69
9.75
9.81
9.88
9.94
10.00
10.06
10.13
10.19
7.76
7. .82
7.88
7.94
8.01
8.07
8.13
8.19
8.26
8.32
8.38
8.44
8.51
8.57
8.63
8.69
8.76
8.82
8.88
8.94
9.01
9.07
9.13
9.19
9.26
9.32
9.38
9.44
9.51
9.57
9.63
9.69
9.76
9.82
9.88
9.94
10.01
1C. 07
10.13
10.19
7.
7.
7.
7.
8.
8.
8.
e.
8.
8.
8.
a.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
10.
10.
10.
10.
76
83
89
95
01
08
14
20
26
33
39
45
51
58
64
70
76
83
89
95
01
08
14
20
26
33
39
45
51
58
64
70
76
83
89
95
01
08
1'4
20
7.77
7.83
7.89
7.96
8.02
8.08
8.J4
8.21
8.27
8.33
P. 39
R.46
8.52
8.58
8.64
8.71
S.77
8.83
8.89
8.96
9.02
0.08
9.14
9.21
9.27
9.33
9.39
9.46
9.52
Q.58
Q.64
Q.71
Q.77
o.83
9.89
9.Q6
10.02
10.08
10.14
10.21
7.78
7.84
7.90
7.96
8.03.
8.09
8.15
8.21
8.28
P. 34
8.40
-8.46
P.. 53
8.59
8.65
8.71
8.78
8.84
t.90
8.96
9.03
9.09
o.l5
9.21
°.28
9.34
9.40
0.46
9.53
9.59
o.65
9.71
9.78
9.84
9.90
o.96
10.03
10.09
1 P . 1 5
10.21
7.78
7.84
7.91
7.97
8.03
8.09
8.16
8.22
8.28
8.34
8.41
8.47
8.53
8.59
8.66
8.72
8.78
8.84
8.9}
8.97
9.03
9.09
9,16
9.22
9.28
9.34
9.41
9.47
0.53
9.59
9.66
9.72
9.78
9.P4
9.91
9.07
10.03
10.09
10.16
10.22
7.79
7.85
7.91
7.98
8.04
8.10
8.16
8.23
8.29
8.35
8.41
8.48
6.54
8.60
8.66
8.73
•8 . 79
8.85
8.91
8.98
9.04
9.10
9.16
9.23
?.29
9.35
Q.41
9.48
9.54
9.60
9.66
.Q.73
9.79
0.85
9.°1
9.98
10.04
10. 10
10.16
10.23
7.79
7.86
7.92
7.08
P. 04
8.11
8.17
8.23
fi.29
8.36
fi.42
8.48
8.54
8.61
8.67
8.73
8.79
8.P6
8.9?
8.98
0.04
9.11
9.17
o.23
9.29
9.36
9.42
Q.48
9.54
o.61
9.67
o.73
9.79
0.86
Q.92
Q.9S
10.04
10.11
10.17
10.23
7.pn
7.86
7.93
7.99
8.05
8.11
8. IP
8-24
8.30
?.36
8.43
8.49
8.55
8.61
8«6«
8.74
8. 80
8.R6
8.93
8.c;9
9.05
9.11
O.lp
o.24
o.30
o.36
0.43
9.40
Q.5S
o.61
o.6R
o.7u
O.RO
°.P6
o.93
0.00
10.05
1C. 11
10. IP
10.24
7.81
7.87
7.93
7.99
8.06
8.12
8.18
8.24
8.31
8.37
8.43
8.49
8.56
8.62
8.68
8.74
8.81
8.87
8.93
8.99
9.06
9.12
9.18
9.24
9.31
9.37
9.43
9.49
Q.56
Q.62
9.68
9.74
9.81
9.87
O.Q3
0.09
10.06
10.12
10.18
10.24
ETHYL CORPORATION.  DETROIT*  VARCH 1,  1Q&6





                                - 42 -

-------
                AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON DIOXIDE...RICH

        •00   .01   .02   .03   ,OU   .05   .06   .07   .08   .09

  8.0  10.25 10.26 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.28 10.29 10.29 10.30 10.M
  8.1  10.31 10.32 10.33 10.33 10.34 10.34 10.35 10.36 10.36 10.37
  8.2  10.38 10.38 10.39 10.39 10.40 10..41 10.41 10.42 10.,43.10.43
  8.3  10.44 10.44 10.(*5 10.^6 10.46 10.47 10.48 10.US 10.49 10.49
  8.U  10.50 10.51 10.51 10.52 10.53 10.53 10.54 10.5t 10.5? 10.56

  8.5  10.56 10.57 10.58 10.58 10.59 10.59 10.60 10.61 10.61 10.62
  8.6  10.63 10.63 10.64 10.64 10.65 10.66 10.66 10.67 10.6ft 10.68
  8.7  10.69 10.69 10.70 10.71 10.71 10.72 10.73 10.73 10.74 10.74
  8.8  10.75 10.76 10.76 10.77 10.78 10.78 10.79 10.79 10.80 10.Pi
  8.9  10.81 10.82 10.83 10.83 10.84 10.84 10.85 10.86 10.86 10.87

  9.0  10<88 10.88 10.89 10.89 10.90 10.91 10.91 10.92 10.93 10.93
  9.1  10.94 10.94 10.95 10.96 10.96 10.97 10.98 10.98 I0.9O 10.P9
  9.2--- 11.00 11.01 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.03 11.04 11.04 11.05 11.06
  9.3  11.06 11.07 11.08 11.08 11.09 11.09 11.10 11.11 1.1. ll 11.12
  9.4  11.13 11.13 11.14 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.16 11.17 II.lp 11.18

  9.5  11.19 11.19 11.20 11.21 11.21 11.22 11.23 11.23 11.?4 11.24
  9.6  11.25 11.26 11.26 11.27 11.28 11.28 11.29 11.29 11.30 11.31
  .9.7  11.31 11.32 11,33 11.33 11.34 11.34 11.35 11.36 11.36 11.37
  9.8  11.36 11.38 11.39 11.39 11.40 11.41 11.41 11.42 11.43 11,43
  9.9  11.44 11.44 11.45 11.46 11.46 11.47 11.48 11.48 11.40 11.49

 10.0  11.50 11.51 11.51 11.52 11.53 11.53 11.54 11.54 I1-.5* 11.56
 10.1  11.56 11.57 11.58 11.58 11.59 11.59 11.60 11.61 11.61 11.62
 10.2  11.63 11.63 11.64 11.64 11.65 11.66 11.66 11.67 11.6R 11.68
 10.3  11.69 11.69 11.70 11.71 11.71 11.72 11.73 11.73 11.74 11.74
 10.4  11.75 11.76 11.76 11.77 11.76 11.78 11.79 11.79 11.PO 11.81

 10.5  11.81 11.82 11.83 11.83 11.84 11.84 11.85 11.86 11.86 11.87
 10.6  11.88 11.88 11.89 11.89 11.90 11.°1 11.91 11.92 11.93 11.°3
 10.7  11.94.11.94 11.95 11.96 11.P6 11.97 11.98 11.98 11.9" Il.QQ
 10.8  12.00 12.01 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.03 12.04 12.04 12.05 12.06
 10.9  12.06 12.07 12.08 12.08 12.09 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.11 J2.12

 11.0  12.13 12.13 12.14 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.16 12.17 I2.1P 12.18
 11.1  12.19 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.21 12.22 12.23 12.23 12-24 12.24
 11.2  12.25 12.26 12.26 12.27 12.28 12.28 12.29 12.29 12.30 12.31
 11.3  12.31 12.32 12.33 12.33 12.34 12.34 12.35 12.36 12.36 12.37
 11.4  12.38 12.38 12.39 12.39 12.40 12.41 12.41 12.42 12.43 12.43

 11.5  12.44 12.44 12.45 12.46 12.46 12.47 12.48 12.48 12.4" 12.1*9
 11.6  12.50 12.51 12.51 12.52 12.53 12.53 12.54 12.54 12.-5S 12.56
 11.7  12.56 12.57 12.58 12.5R 12.59 12.59 12.60 12.61 1?.61 12.62
 11.8  12.63 12.63 12.64 12.64 12.65 12.66 12.66 12.67 12.68 12.68
 11.9  12.69 12.69 12.70 12.71 12.71 12.72 12.73 12.73 12.74 12.74
ETHYL CORPORATION* DETROIT, VARCH 1, 1966


                               - 43 '

-------
                AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON DIOXIDE...RICH

        .00   .01   .02   .03   .Ou   .05   .06   .07   .08   .no

 12.0  12.75. 12.76 12.76 12.77 12.78 12.78 12.79 12.79 12.BO 12.31
 12.1  12.81 12.62 12.83 12.83 12.8"* 12.84 12.85 12.86 12.86 12.87
 12.2  12.88 12.88 12.89 12.89 12.90 12.91 12.Ql 12.92 12.03 12."3
 12.3  12.9*4 12.°4 12.95 12.96 12.96 12.97 12.98 12.98 12.9° 12.°9
 12.4  13.00 13.01 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.03 13.04 13.04 13.05 13.06

 12.5  13.06 13.07 13.08 13.08 13.09 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.11 13.12
 12.6  13.13 13.13 13.14 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.16 13.17 13.Ip 13.18
 12.7  13.19 13.19 13.20 13.21 13.21 13.22 13.23 13.23 13.24 13.24
 12.8  13.25 13.26 13.26 13.27 13.28 13.28 13.29 13.29 13*30 13.31
 12.9  13.31 13.32 13.33 13.33 13.3'4 13.34 13.35 13.36 13.36 13,37

 13.0  13.38 13.38 13.39 13.39 13.40 13.41 13.42 13.42 13.43 13.44
 13.1  13.45 13.46 13.46 13.47 13.48 13.49 13.50 13.51 13.52 13.53
 13.2  13.54 13.55 13.57 13.58 13.59 13.60 13.62 13.63 13.65. 13.66
 13.3  13.68 13.69 13.71 13.73 13.75 13.77 13.79 13.81 13.83 13.85
 13.4  13.88 13.90 13.93 13.96 13.99 14.02 14.06 14.09 14.13 14.17
ETHYL CORPORATION* DETROIT, MARCH 1, 1966


                              - 44 -

-------
                AIR/FUEL RATIO FROM CARBON DIOXIDE. . .

        .00   .01   .02   .03   .Qi)   .05   .06   .07   .Op   .no

 11.0  19.40 19.?8 19.36 19.31 19.32 19.30 19.28 1°.26 1«.24 1Q 22
 11.1  19.20 19.18 19.16 19.11 19.12 19.10 19.08 1Q.C6 lo.Ou 19.02
 11.2  19.00.18.98 18.Q6 18.94 16.92 18.90 18.88 18.86 Iq.PU 18.82
 11.'3  "18.80 18.78 18.76 18.7U lfi.72 18.70 18.68 18.66 18.6U 18.62
 11.4  18.60 18.58 18.56 18.54 18.52 18.50 18. 48 18,46 I8.au 18.42

 11.5  18.40 18.38 18.36 1Q.34 18.32 18.30 18.28 18.26 18.24 18.22
 11.6  18.20 18.18 18.16 18.la 18.12 18.10 18.08 13.06 18.04 18.02
 11.7  18.00 17.98 17.96 17.94 17.92 17.QQ 17.88 17.86 17.84 17.82
 11.8  17.80 17.78 17.76 17.7a 17.72 17.70 17.68 17.66 17.64 17.62
 11.9  17.60 17.58 17.56 17.54 17.52 17.50 17.48 17.a6 17.4a 17.42

 12.0  17.40 17.38 17.36 17.34 17.32 17.30 17.28 17.26 17.24 17.22
 12.1  17.20 17.18 17.16 17.14 17.12 17.10 17.08 17.06 17.04 17.02
 12,.2  .17.00 16.98 16.96 16.94 1-6.92 16.90 16.88 16.86 16.84 16.82
 12.3  16.80 16.78 16.76 16.74 16.72 16.70 16.68 16.66 16.64 16.62
 12.4  16.60 16.58 16.56 16.54 16.52 16.50 16.48 16.46 16.4a 16.42

 12.5  16.40 16.38 16.36 16.34 16.32 16.30 16.28 16.26 16.24 16.22
 12.6  16.20 16.18 16.16 16.14 16.12 16.10 16.08 16.06 16.04 16.02
 12.7.  16.00 15.98 15.96 15.94 15.92 15.90 15.88 15.86 15.84 15.82
 12.8  15.80 15.78 15.76 15.74 15.72 15.70 15.68 15.66 T5.64 15.62
 12.9,  15.60 15.58 15.56 15.54 15.52 15.50 15.48 15.46 I5.4a 15.U2

 13.0  15.ao 15.38 15.36 15.3a 15.32 15.30 15.28 15.26 15.2u 15.22
 13.1  15.20 15.18 15.16 15.la 15.12 15.10 15.08 15.06 I5.0a 15.02
 13.2  15.00 la.QS la.96 14.9a 1<4.92 14.90 14.88 14.86 14.84 14.82
 13.3  1.4.80. 14.78 14.76 14.73 14.71 14.69 lu.66 14.63 14.60 14.57
 13.4  14.53 14.49 la.45 14.41 la.36 14.31 14.26 14.20 14.13 14.06
ETHYL CORPORATION, DETROIT, MARCH 1, 1Q&6

                                - 45 -.

-------
                   CARBON DIOXIDE FROM CO/C02 RATIO

        ..000   .001   .002   .003   .00*+   .005   .006   .007   .008   -00°

  .00  11.700 11.760 11.817 11.873 11.927 11.97° 12.030 12.D7O 12.126 12.172
  .01  12.216 12.259 12.301 12.341 12.380 12.417 12.454 12.4A9 12.524 12,557
  .02  1?.589 12.620 12.651 12.680 12.7QP 12.737 12.764 12.7QO 12.816 12,841
  .03  12.865 12.8R8 12.911 12.934 12.955 12.977 12.997 13.017 13.037 13.056
  .0<4  13.075 13.093 13.110 13.128 13.145 13.161 13.177 13.1°3 13.20R 13.223

  .05  13.236 13.253 13.267 13.280 13.294 13.307 13.319 1.3.3?0 13.340 13.349
  .06  13.358 13.366 13.374 13.381 13.387 13.394 13.399 13.405 13.410 13.415
  .07  13.420 13.424 13.428 13.432 13.436 13.440 13.443 13.U46 13.450 13.453
  .08  13.455 13.458 13.461 13.463 13.466 13.468 13.471 13.473 13.475 13,477
  .09  13.479 13.478 13.475 13.472 13.469 13.465 13.462 13.45" 13.455 13*452

  .10  13.448 13.445 13.442 13.438 13.435 13.431 13.428 13.424 13.421 13.417
  .11  13.414 13.410 lo.406 13.403 13.399 13.396 13.392 13.388 13.385 13.381
  .12  '13i377.13.373 13.370 13.366 13.362 13.358 13.354 13.3^0 13.346 13.343
  .13  13.339 13.335 13.331 13.327 13.323 13.319 13.315 13.311 13.307 13.302
  .14  13.298 13.294 13.290 13.286 13.282 13.277 13.273 13.269 13.265 13.260

  .15  13.256 13.251 13.247 13.243 13.238 13.234 13.229 13.225 13.220 13.216
  .16  13.211 13.207 13.202 13.197 13.193 13.188 13.183 13.179 13.174 13.169
  .17 '13.164 13.159 13.154 13.149 13.144 13.138 13.133 13.128 13.122 13.117
  .18  13.111 13.105 13.099 13.093 I?.0fl7 13.081 13.075 13.069 13.063 13.056
  .19  13.050 13.043 13.036 13.029 13.022 13.015 13.008 13.001 12.993 12.986

  .20  12.979 12.971 12.964 12.957 12.949 12.942 12.935 12.ap7 12.920 12.913
  .21  12.906 12.898 12.891 12.884 12.876 12.869 12.862 12.855 12.848 12.840
  .22  12.833 12.826 12.819 12.812 12.804 12.797 12.790 12.783 12.776 12.7.69
  .23  12.762 12.754 12.747 12.740 12.733 12.726 12.719 12.712 12.705 12.6QR
  .24  12.691 12.6R4 12.677 12.670 12.663 12.656 12.649 1.2.642 12.635 12.628

  .25  12.621 12.614 12.607 12.600 12.593 12.5R6 12.579 12.572 12.565 12.558
  .26  12.551 1.L.545 12.53ft 12.531 12.524 12.517 12.510 12.503 12.4P7 12.490
  .27  12.483 12.476 12.469 12.463 12.456 12.449 12.442 12.435 12.429 12.422
  .28  12.415 12.408 12.402 12.395 12.38R 12.382 12.375 12.368 12.362 12.355
  .29  12.348 12.342 12.335 12.328 12.322 12.315 12.308 12.302 12.295 12.288

  .30  12.282 12.275 12.259 12.262 12.256 12.249 12.242 12.236 12.229 12.223
  .31  12.216 12.210 12.203 12.197 12.190 12.184 12.177 12.171 12.164 12.158
  .32  12.153 12.145 12.13f 12.132 12.126 12.119 12.113 12.10.6 12.100 12.094
  .33  12.087 12.081 12.07^ 12.068 12.062 12.055 12.049 12.043 12.036 12.030
  .34  12.024 12.017 12.011 12.005 11.998 11.992 11.986 ll.oftO 11.Q73 11 ..967

  .35  11.961 11.955 11.948 11.942 11.936 11.930 11.923 11.Q17 11.911 11.905
  .36  11.899 11.892 11.886 11.880 11.874 11.868 11.862 11.8^5 11.849 11.843
  .37  11.837 11.831 11.825 11.819 11.81? 11.806 11.800 11.704 H.7ftft 11.782
  .38  11.776 11.770 11.764 11.758 11.752 11.746 11.740 11.7^4 11.728 11.722
  .39  11.716 11.710 11.70tt 11.698 11.692 11.686 11.680 11.6^4 11.668 11.662
ETHYL CORPORATION*  DETROIT,  MARCH 1.  1966


                                - 46 -

-------
                   CARBON DIOXIDE FROM CO/C02 RATIO

        .000   .001   .002   .003   .004   .005   .006   .007   .008   .009

  .140  11.656 11.650 11.644 11.638 11.632 11.626 11.621 11.615 11.60° 11.603
  .Hi  11.597 11.5Q1 11.585 11.579 11.573 11.568 11.562 11.^S6 11.55" 11.544
  .42  11.538 11.533 11.527 11.521 11. 515 11. 509' 11.504' 11 .408 11.492 11.486
  .43  11.U81 11.475 11.469 11.463 11.458 11.452 11.446 11.440 11.435 11.429
  .44  11.423 11.418 11.412 11.406 11.400 11.395 11.389 11.383 11.378 11.372

  .45  11.366 11.361 11.355 11.350 11.344 11.338 11.333 11.327 11.321 11.316
  .46  11.310 11.305 11.299 11.294 11.288 11.282 11.277 11.271 11.266 11.260
  .47  11.255 11.249 11.244 11.238 11.233 11.227 11.221 11.216 11.210 11.205
  .48  11.200 11.194 11.189 11.183 11.178 11.172 11.167 11.161 11.156 11.150
  .49  11.145 11.140 11.134 11.129 11.123 11.118 11.112 11.107 11.102 11.096

  ,50  11.091 11,036 11.080 11.075 11.06° 11.064 11.059 11.053 11.048 11.043
  .51  11.037 11.032. 11.027 11.021 11.016 11.011 11.006 11.000 10.995 10.990
  .52  10.984 10.979 10.974 10.969 10.963 10.958 10.953 10.Q48 10.94? 10.937
  .53  10.932 10.927 10.921 10.916 10.911 10.906 10.901 10.8°5 10.890 1.0.885
  .54  10.880 10.875 10.870 10.664 10.859 10.854 10.849 10.844 10.83° 10.834

  .55  10.828 10.823 10.818 10.813 10.808 10.803 10.798 10.793 10.788 10.7P2
  .F.6  10.777 10.772 10.767 10.762 10*757 10.752 10.747 1.0.7U2 10.737 10.732
  .57  10.727 10.722 10.717 10.712 10.7Q7 10.702 10.697 10.6°2 10.687 10.682
  .58  10.677 10.672 10.667 10.662 10.657 10.652 1.0.647 10.642 10.637 10.632
  .59  10.627 10.622 10.617 10.612 10.607 10.603. 10.598 10.503 10.588 10.583

  .60  10.578 10.573 10.568 10.563 10.55° 10.554 10.549 10. 
-------
                   CARBON DIOXIDE FROM CO/C02 RATIO




        .000   .001   .002   .003   .004   .005   .006   .OfT>   .008   .009
.80
.81
.82
.83
.84
.85
.86
.87
.88
.89
.90
.91
.92
.93
.94
.95
.96
.97
.98
.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1,03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
9.683
9.642
9.601
9.561
9.521
9.482
9.443
9.404
9.365
9.327
9.289
9.252
9.215
9.178
9.141
9.104
9.068
9.033
8.997
8.962
8.927
8.892
' 6.858"
8.824
8.790
8.756
8.723
8.689
8.657
8.624
8.592
8.559
8.527
8.496
8.464
8.433
8.402
8.371
8.341
8.31i
9.678
9.638
9.597
9.557
9.517
9.478
9.439
9.400
9.362
9.323
9.286
9.248
9.211
9.174
9.137
9.101
9.065
9.029
8.994
8.958
8.923
8.8fl9
8.854
8.820
8.7fi6
8.753
8.719
8.666
8.653
8.621
8.5R8
8.556
8.524
8.493
8.461
8.430
8.399
8.368
8.338
8.308
9.674
9.634
9.593
9.553
9.513
9.474
9.435
9.396
9.358
9.320
9.282
9.244
9.207
9.170
9.134
9.097
0.061
9.025
8.990
8.955
8.920
8.385
8.851
8.817
8.783
8.749
8.716
8.683
8.650
8.617
8.585
8.553
8.521
8.490
8.458
8.427
8.396
8.365
8.335
8.305
9.670
9.630
9.589.
9.549
9.509
9.470
9.431
9.392
9.354
9.316
9.278
9.241
9.203
9.166
9.130
9.094
9.058
o.022
8.986
8.951
8.916
8.882
8.847
8.813
8.780
8.746
8.713
8.680
8.647
8.614
8.582
8.550
8.518
8.486
8.455
8.424
8.393
fl.362
8.332
8.302
9.666
9.625
9.585
9.545
9.506
9.466
9.427
9.388
9.350
9.312
9.274
9.237
9.200
9.163
9.126
9.090
9.054 .
9.018
8.983
8.948
8.913
8.878
8.844
8.810
8.776
8.743
8.70Q
8.676
8.643
8.611
8.579
8.547
8.515
8.483
8.452
8.421
8.390
8.359
8.329
8.299
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
ft.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
662
621
581
541
502
462
423
385
346
308
271
233
196
159
123
086
050
015
979
944
909
875
841.
807
773
739
706
673
640
608
575
543
512
480
449
418
387
356
3?6
296
°.658
9.617
9.577
9.537
Q.498
9.458
0.419
Q.381
9.342
9.304
9.267
0.229
Q.192
9.155
9.119
9.083
9.047
9.011
8.976
8.941
8.906
8.871
8.837
8.803
8.76°
8.736
8.703
8.670
8.637
8.604
8.572
8.540
8.508
8.477
8.446
8.415
8.384
8.353
8.323
8.293
9.654
9.613
9.573
0.533
9. 4*04
9.454
0.416
0.377
°.339
9.301
9.263
9.226
o.l,^
9.15i
9.115
9.079
9.043
9.008
6.Q72
8.037
fl.003
B.868
8.A34
8.800
8.766
8.733
8.6°9
8.666
8.634
8.601
8.569
P. 537
S.5^5
P. 474
8.443
8. all
B.3fll
fl.3^0
8.3?0
8.200
9.650
0.609
Q.569
0.529
Q.490
9.451
9.412
9.373
9.335
9.297
9.25°
9.222
9.185
9.148
P. 112
Q.076
9.040
9.004
8.969
8.934
8.890
8.865
8.830
8.796"
8.763*
8.72-9
8 . 696
8.663
8.630
«.598'
8 . 566
8.534
8.502
8.471
8.43°
8.408
8.378
8.347
8 . 31 7
8.287
9.646
9.605
9.565
9.525
9.486
9.447
9.408
9.369
9.331
9.293
9.256
9.218
9.181
9.145
9.108
9.072
9.036
9.001
8.965
8.930
8.896
8.861
8.827
8.703
8.75Q
fi.726
8.693
8.660
8.627
8.5Q5
8.563
fl.531
8.499
8.468
8.436
8.405
8.375
8.344
8.314
8.2P.4
ETHYL CORPORATION DETROIT, VARCH 1, 1966




                                . 48 -

-------
                   CARBON DIOXIDE PROM CO/C02 RATIO




        .000   .001   .002   .003   .004   .005   .006   .OP7    .OOB    .00°
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1,24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.^1
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.4.9
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
8.281
8.25V
8.221
8.192
8.162
8.133
8.105
8.076
8.047
8.019
7.991
7.963
7.936
7.908
7.881
7.854
7.827
7.801
7.774
7.748
7.722
7.696
7.670
7.644
7.619
7.593
7.568
7.543
7.518
7.1*94
7.U69
7.445
7.421
7.397
7.373
7.349
7.326
7.302
7.279
7.256
8.278
8.248
b.218
8. IRQ
8.159
8.130
8.102
8.073
8.045
8.016
7.988
7.961
7.933
7.906
7.878
7.851
7.825
7.798
7.771
7.745
7.719
7J693
7.667
7.642
7.616
7. .591
7.566
7 . 54 1
7.516
7.491
7.467
7.443
7.419
7.3Q5
7.371
7.347
7.324
7.300
7.277
7.254
9.275
8.245
8.215
8.186
8.157
8.128
8.099
8.070
8.042
8.014
7.Q86
7.95R
7.930
7. Q03
7.876
7. 849
7.822
7.795
7.76Q
7.742
7.716
7.690
7.665
.7.639
7.614
7.58R
7.563
7.538
7.514
7.489
7.465
7.440
7.416
7.39?
7. 368
7.?45
7.321
7.29R
7.275
7.?52
8.272
8.242
8.212
8.183
8.154
8.125
8.096
8.067
8.039
8.011
7.983
7.955
7.928
.7.900
7.873
7.846
7.819
7.793
7.766
7.740
7.714
7.688
7.662
7.636
7.611
7.586
7.561
7.536
7,511
7.4R6
7.462
7.438
7.414
7.390
7.366
7.342
7.319
7.295
7.272
7.249
8.269
8.239
fi.209
8.180
8.151
8.12?
8.093
8.065
8.036
8.008
7.980
7.952
7.925
7.897
7.870
7.843
7.817
7.790
7.763
7.737
7.711
7.685
7.659
7.634
7.60"
7.583 .
7.558
7.533
7.500
7.484
7.460
7.435
7.411
7.387
7.364
7.340
7.316
7.2Q3
7.270
7.247
8.266
8.236
8.206
8.177
8.148
8.119
8.090
8.062
8.033
8.005
7.977
7.950
7.922
7.895
7.868
7.841
7.814
7.787
7.761 '
7.735
7.709
7.683
7.657
7.631
7.606
7.581
7.556
7.531
7.506
7.482
7.457
7.433
7.40Q
7.385
7.361
7.338
7.314
7.291
7.268
7.245
8.263
8.233
8.203
8.174
8.145
8.116
8.087
8.050
8.031
8.002
7.975
7.947
7.919
7.892
7.865
7.838
7.811
7.785
7.758
7.732
7.706 ,
'7.680
7.654
7.623
7.603
7.578
7.553
7.528
7.504
7.479
7.455
7.431
7.407
7.383
7.359
7.335
7.31?
7.289
7.265
7.242
8.260
8.230
8. POO
8.171
8.142
8.]13
8. 084
8.0S6
S.0?6
8.000
7.072
7.044
7.Q17
7,p«9
7.862
7.fl?5
7.P08
7.782
'7.756
7.729
7.703
7.677
.7.652
7.626
7.601
7.576
7.551
7.c;?6
7. SOI
7.477
7.452
7.4?8
7. 404
7.-«RO
7.^56
7. M3
7. 300
7.2P6
7.?63
7.?40
P. 257
3.227
8.107
8.168
8.139
8.110
8.082
8.053
8.025
7.997
7.96°
7.Q41
7.914
7.887
7.359
7.833
7.806
7.77Q
7.753
7.727
7.7Q1
7.675
7.640
7.624
7.598
7.573
7.548
->.523
7.499
7.474
7.450
7.426
7.40?
7.378
7.354
7.331
7.307
7.284
7.261
7.23fl
8.25U
8.224
8.1Q5
8.165
8. 136
8.107
8.079
8.050
8.022
7.994
7.966
7.939
7.911
7.884
7.857
7.830
7.803
7.777
7.750
7.724
7.698
7.672
7.647
7.621
7.5°6
7.571
7.546
7.521
7.406
7.47?
7.448
7.423
7.39P
7.375
7.352
7.328
7.305
7.282
7.25P
7.235
ETHYL CORPORATION.  DETROIT,  VARCH 1,  1966





                                - 49 -

-------
                   CARBON DIOXIDE PROM CO/C02 RATIO



        .000   .001   .002   .003   .004   .005   .006   .Pn?   .008   .009
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
l.RO
1.81
1.R2
1.83
1.84

1.85
1.86
1.B7
1.B8
1.09

1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.Q5
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99


7.233
7.210
7 . 1 88
7.165
7.143
7.121
7.099
7.077.
7.055
7.033
7.011
6.990
6.969
6.948
6.927
6.906
6.885
6.864
6.844
6.823
6.803
6.783
6.763
6.7U3
6.723

6.703
6.681
6.664
6.645
6.626

6.606
6.587
6.569
6-550
6.531
6.512
6.U94
6.476
6.457
6.439


7.231
7.208
7.185
7.163
7.141
7.118
7.096
7.074
7.053
7.031
7.009
6.988
6.967
6.945
6.924
6.904
6.883
6.862
6.842
6.821
6.801
6.781
6.7&1
6.7U1
6.721

6.701
6.682
6.662
6.6U3
6.624

6.605
6.586
6.567
6. 548
6.529
6.511
6.402
6.474
6.455
6.437


7.229
7.206
7.183
7.161
7.138
7.116
7.094
7.072.
7.050
7.029
7.007
6.986
6.965
6.943
6.922
6.901
6.B81
6.860
6.840
6.819
6.799
6.770
6.750
6.73Q
6*719

6.699
6.680
6.660
6.641
6.622

6.603
6.584
6.565
6.546
6.527
6.50-3
6.490
6.U72
6. "54
6.436


7.226
7.204
7.161
7.159
7.136
7.114
7.092
7.070
7.0U8
7.027
7.005
6.984
6.962
6.941
6.920
6.899
6.879
6.B58
6.838
6.817
6.797
6.777
6.757
6.737
6.717

6.697
6.678
6.658
6.639
6.620

6.601
6.5B2
6.563
6.544
6.525
6.507
6.4B8
6.470
6.452
6.434


7.224
7.201
7.179
7.156
7.134
7.112
7.090
7.068
7.046
7.024
7.003
6.9B2
6.960
6.939
6.918
6.897
6.877
6.856
6.835
6.815
6.795
6.775
6.755
6.735
6.715

6.695
6.676
6.656
6.637
6.618

6.50°
6.580
6.561.
6.542
6.524
6.505
6.487
6.46B
6.450 •
6.432


7.222
7.109
7.17&-
7.154
7.132
7.110
7.088
7.066
7.044
7.022
7.001
6.979
6.958
6.937
6.916
6.895
6.875
6.854
6.833
6.813
6.793
6.773
6.753
6.733
6.713

6.693
6.674
6.655
6.635
6.616

6.597
6.578
6.559
6.540
6.522
6.503
6.485
6.466
6.448
6.430


7.220
7.197
7.174
7.152
7.129
7.107
7.035
7.063
7.042
7.020
6.990
6.977
6.956
6.935
6.914
6.893
6.872
6.852
6. 831
6.811
6.791
6.771
6.751
6.731
6.711

6.692
6.672
6.653
6.633
6.614

6.595
6.576
6.557
6.539
6.520
6.501
6.483
6.465
6.446
6.428


7.217
7.105
7.172
7.150
7.127
7.105
7.083
7.061
7.040
7.018
6.QQ6
6.975
6.054
6.033
6.Q12
6.801
6.870
6.850
6.8?9
6.R09
6.780
6.769
6.749
6.7?9
6.709

6.690
6.670
6.651
6.631
6.612

6.503
6.574
6.555
6.537
6.518
6.<^00
6.J481
6.J463
6.445
6.u?6


7.215
7.19?
7.170
7.147
7.125
7.103
7.081
7.05Q
7.037
7.016
6.994
6.973
6.952
6.931
6.9ld
6.889
6.868
6.848
6.827
6.807
6.787
6.767
6.747
6.727
6.707

6.688
6.668
6.640
6.62°
6.610

6.591
6.57?
6.554
6.535
6.516
6.498
6.470
6.461
6.443
6.425


7.213
7.190
7.167
7.145
7.123
7.101
7.079
7.057
7.035
7.014
6.992
6.971
6.950
6.929
6.908
6.887
6.866
6.846
6.825
6.805
6.785
6.765
6.745
6.725
6.705

6.686
6.666
6.647
6.628
6.608

.6.589
6.570
6.552
6.533
6.514
6.406
6.477
6.459
6.441
6.423










1
i
!


i
i

!'


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i

;
*

j

;
>

1
i
'


i

\



\
1
•i
ETHYL CORPORATION.'DETROIT,  MARCH 1,  1966




                                 - 50.

-------
                    CARBON DIOXIDE ^ROM CO/C02 RATIO




          .000   .001   .002   .003   .004   .005   .006   .007   .008   .009
2.00
2. 01
2/"> *•»
. 02
2-. —
. 03
2. 04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
24 ~m
. 13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2. 18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2'f\ f\
.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
6.421
6.403
6.385
6.367
6.350
6.332
6.315
6.297
6.280
6.263
6.246
6-229
6.212
6. 195
6.178
6.162
6.145
6.129
6-112
6.096
6.080
6.064
6.048
6.032
6.016
6.000
5.984
5.969
5.953
5.938
5.922
5.907
5.892
5.877
5.862
5.847
5.832
5.817
5.802
5.787
6.419
6.401
6..38~
6.366
6.348
6.330
6.313
6.206
6.278
6.261
6.244
6.227
6.210
6.193
6.177
6.1&0
6.143
6.127
6.111
6.094
6.078
6.062
6.. 046
6.030
6.014
5.908
5.983
5.967
5.9f,P
5.936
5.921
5.906
5.890
5.875
5.860
5.845
5.830
5.615
5.801
5.786
6.417
6.390
6.382
6.364
6.346
6.329
6.311
6.294
6.277
6.259
6.242
6.225
6.208
6.192
6.175
6.158
6.142
6.125
6.109
6.093
6.. 077
6.060
6.04',
6.02fl
6.013
5.997
5.981
5.966
5.950
5.035
5.919
5.904
5.889
5.874
5.850
5.844
5.829
5.814
5.799
5.785
6.416
6.398
6.380
6.362
6.344
6.327
6.309
6.292
6.275
6.258
6.241
6.224
6.207
6.190
6.173
6.157
6.140
ft. 124
6.107
6.091
6.075
6.059
6.043
6.027
6.011
5.995
5.980
5.964 .
5.Q49
5.Q33
5.918
5.902
5.887
5.872
5.857
5.842
5.827
5.812
5.7Q8
5.783
6.414
6.396
6.378
. 6.360
6.343
6.325
6.308
6.290
6.273
6.256
6.23°
6.222
6.205
6.188
6.172
6.155
6.138
6.122
6. 106
6.08°
6.073
6.057
6.041
6.025
6.000
5.094
5.978
5.062
5.947
5.932
5.916
5.901
5.886
5.871
5.856
5.84]
5.826
5.811
5.706
5.782
6.412
6.394
6.376
6.359
6.341
6.323
6.306
6.289
6.271
6.254
6.237
6.220
6.203
6.187
6.170
6.153
6.137
6. 120
6.104
6.088
6. 072
6.056
6.040
6.024
6 008
5.Q92
5.976
5.961
5.945
5.930
5.915
5.899
5.884
5.86Q
5.854
5.839
5.824
5.810
5.705
5.780
6.410
6.392
6.375
6.357
6.339
6.322
6.304
6.287
6.270
6.253
6.236
6.219
6.202
6.185
6.168
6.152
6.135
6.119
6.102
6.086
6.070
6.054
6.038
6.022
6.006
S.991
5.975
5.050
5.944
5.928
5.913
5.898
5.883
5.868
5.853
5.838
5.823
5.808
5.793
5.77Q
6.408
6.301
6.373
6.355
6.337
6.320
6.303
6.295
6.268
6.251
6.?34
6.217
6.?00
6.183
6.167
6.150
6.134
6.117
6.101
6.085
6 . 068
6.052.
6.036
6.021
6.005
5.0A9
5.073
5.osa
5.Q42
5.Q?7
5.Q12
5.8"6
5.PR1
5.«66
5.851
5.8^6
5.P21
5.P07
5.7"2
5.777
6.407
5.389
6.371
6.353
6.336
6.318
6.301
6.283
6.266
6.24°
6.232
6.215
6.198
6.182
6.165
6.148
6.132
6.115
6.099
6.083
6.067
6.051
6.035
6.019.
6.003
5.987
5.972
5.956
5.941
5.025
5.910
5.895
5.880
5.865
5.850
5.835
5.820
5.805
5.790
5.776
6.105
6.387
6.36°
6.352
6.334
6.316
6.299
6.282
6.265
6.247
6.230
6.213
6.197
6.180
6,163
6.147
6.130
6. 114
6.098
6.081
6.065
6. 04Q
6.033
6.017
6.002
5.986
5.970
5.955
5.930
5.924
5.900
5.803
5.878
5.863
5.848
5.P33
5.818
5.804
5.78Q
5.774
ETHYL CORPORATION.  DETROIT, VARCH l,  1966




                                 - 51 -

-------
                    CAPROr; DIOXIDE FROM CO/CO? RATIO

2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.5.5
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
.000
5.773
5.758
5.744
5.729
5.715
5.701
5.687
5.673
5.659
5.645
5.631
5.617
5.603
5.589
5.576
5.562
5.549
5.535
5.522
5.509
5.495
5.482
5.469
5.456
5.443
5.430
5.417
5-405
5.392
5.379
5.367
5.354
5.342
5.329
5.317
5.304
. 5.292
5-280
5.268
5.256
.001
5.771
5.757
5.742
5.728
5.714
5.700
5.685
5.671
5.657
5.643
5.629
5.616
5.602
5.583
5.575
5.561
5.547
5.534
5.521
5.507
5.494
5.481
5.468
5.455
5.4U2
5.429
5.416
5.UQ3
5.391
5.378
5.365
5.353
5.340
5.328
5.315
5.303
5.2Q1
5.279
5.266
5.254
.002
5.770
5.755
5.741
5.727
5.712
5.6QB
5.68u
5.670
5.656
5.6*2
5.628
5.614
5.600
5.587
5.573
5.560
5.546
5.533
5.519
5.506
5.493
5.480
5.467
5.a54
5.441
5. "28
5.^15
5.UC2
5.389
5.377 .
5.364
5.352
5.339
5.327
5.31u
r).302
5.290
5.277
5.265
5.253
.003
5.769
5.754
5.740
5.725
5.711
5.697
5.683
5.668
5.654
5.640
5.627
5.613
5.599
5.585
5.572
5.558
5.545
5.531
5.518
5.505
5.492
5.478
5.465
5.452
5.439
5.426
5.414
5.401
5.388
5.375
5.363
5.350
5.338
5.325
5.313
5.301
5.288
5.276
5.264
5.252
.004
5.767
5.753
5.738
5.724
5.709
5.695
5.681
5.667
5.653
5.639
5.625
5.611
5.598
5.584
5.570
5.557
5.543
5.530
5.517
5.503
5.490
5.477
5.464
5.451
5.438
5.425
5.412
5. WOO
5.387
5.374
5.362
5.34Q
5.337
5.324
5.312
5.290
5.287
5.275
5.263
5.251
.005
5.766
5.751
5.737
5.722
5.708
5.6^4
5.680
5.666
5.652
5.638
5.624
5.610
5.596
5.583
5.569
5.556
5.542
5.529
5.515
5.502
5.489
5.^76
5.463
5.450
5.437
5.424
5.411
5.398
5.386
5.373
5.360
5.348
5.335
5.323
5.311
5.29P
5.286
5.274
5.262
5.250
.006
5;764
5.750
5.735
5.721
5.707
5.692
5.678
5.664
5.650
5.636
5.622
5.609
5.595
5.581
5.568
5.554
5.541
5.527
5.514
5.50.1
5.488
5.474
5.461
5.448
^.435
5.423
5.410
5.397
5.384
5.372
5.359
5.346
5.334
5.322
5.309
5.297
5.285
5.273
5.260
5.248
.007
5.763
5.7U8
5.734
5.719
5.^05
5.6°1
5.677
5.663
5.649
5.635
5.621
5.607
5.594
5.5flO
5.566
5.553
5.539
5.526
5.513.
5.409
5.486
5.473
5.U60
5.447
5.434
5.a?l
5.408
5.*°6
5.3«3
5.370
5.3c.e
5.345
5.333
5.3?0
5.30P
5.2°6
5.2^4
5.2-»l
5.259
5.7U7
.008
5.761
5.747
5.732
5.718
5.704
5.690
5.675
5.661
5.647
5.634
5.620
5.606
5.592
5.579
5.565
5.55?
5.538
5.525
5.511
5.498
5.485
5.472
5.45°
5.446
5.433
5.420
5.407
5.394
5.382
5.36"
5.357
5.344
5.332
5.31°
5.307
5.295
5.282
5.270
5.25fl
5^246
.009
5.760
5.745
5.731
5.717
5.702
5.'688
5.674
5.660
5.646
5.632
5.618
5.605
5.591
5.577
5.564
5.550
5.537
5.523
5.510
5.497
5.484
5.471
5.457
5.444
5.432
5.419
5.406
5.393
5.380
5.368
5.355
5.343
5.330
5.318
5.306
5.293
5.281
5.26°
5.257
5.245
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT, MARCH  1,  1966





                                 - 52 -

-------
                   CARBON DIOXIDE TROM CO/C02 PATIO




        .000   .001   .002   .003   .OOU   .COS   .006   -007   .OOfl   .00°
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.qi
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.93
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3. 04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3. 14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
5.244
5.232
5.220
5.208
5.196
5.184
5.172
5.161
5.149
5.138
5.126
5.115
5.103
5.092
5.081
5.069
5.058
5.047
5.036
5.025
5.014
5.003
U.992
4.981
4.970
4.959
4.0149
4.938
4.927
.4.917
4.906
4.896
4.885
.4.875
4.864
4 . e ~>4
4.8-4
4.834
4.823
4.813
5.242
5.230
5.1.18
5.207
5.195
5.1P.3
5.171
5.160
5.148
5.136
5.125
5.113
5.102
5.0Q1
5.079
5.068
5.057
5.046
5.035
5.024
5.013
5.002
4.9°1
4.980
4.969
".958
4.948
4.937
".926
4.916
4.905
".8Q5
4 . 684
'1.874
".863
".653
4.843
4.833
".822
4.812
5.2"!
5.229
5.217
5.205
5.194
5.182
5.170
5.158
5.1"7
5.135
5.124
5.112
5.101
5.090
5.078
5.067
5.056
5.045
5.034
5.023
5.012
5.001
4.agn
4.970
4 .968
4.Q57
4.946
4.936
4.925
4.Q15
4.904
4.894
4.P83
4.873
4. p62
4.P52
4.842
4.832
4.821
4.fill
5.240
5.228
5.216
5.204
5.192
5.181
5.169
5.157
5.1"6
5.134
5.123
5.111
5.100
5.088
5.077
5.066
5.055
5.044
5.032
5.021
5.010
4.999
4.9R9
4.978
4.967
4.956
4.945
4.935
4.924
4.914
4.903
4.893
4.882
4.872
4.861
4.851
4.841
4.831
4.820
4.810
5.23°
5.227
5.215
5.203
5.191
5.179
5.168
5.156
5.144
5.133
5.121
5.110
5.090
5.087
5.076
5.065
5.054
5.042
5.031
5.020
5.00°
4.998
4.987
4.977
4.966
4.955
4.944
4.934
4.923
4.912
4.902
4.891
4.881
4.871
4.860
4.850
4.840
4.830
4.819
4.809
5.238
5.226
5.214
5.202
5.190
5.178
5.167
5.155
5.143
5.132
5.120
5.109
5.097
5.086
5.075
5.064
5.052
5.041
5.030
5.010
5.008
4.997
4.986
4.976
4.965
4.95"
4.943
4.933
4.922
4.911
4.901
4.890
4.880
4.870
4.859
4.A40
4.330
4.828
4.818
4.808
5.236
5.224
5.212
5.201
5.189
5.177
5.165
5.154
5.142
5.131
5.119
5.108
5.096
5.085
5.074
5.063
5.051
5.040
5.029
5.018
5.007
«*.996
4.Q85
4.974
4.964
4.953
4.942
4.Q32
4.921
4.910
u.900
4.889
4.87Q
4.869
4.858
".848
".838
'-^.827
4.817
4.807
5.?35
5.223
5.211
5.1Q9
5.188
5.176
5.164
5.153
5.141
5.129
5.118
5.107
5.005
5.0«4
5.073
5.061
5.uSO
5.P3C
5.028
5.017
5.006
4. 005
4.0*4
4.Q73
".963
".052
4.041
4.o.^C
4.920
4.Q09
'4 . RQ9
4.PP8
4. «78
4..A68
4.^57
4.847
4. P. 37
".826
".A16
4.ffl6
C..23"
5.222
5.210
5.198
5.186
5.175
5.163
5.151
5.140
5.128
5.117
5.105
5.094
5.0ft3
5,071
5.060
5.049
5.038
5.027
5.016
5.005
4.9Q4
4.983
4.07?
4 . 96?
4.951
4.940
4.02°
4.91P
4.908
4.898
4.887
4.877
4.867
4.856
4.846
4.836
4.825
4.815
4.805
5.233
5.221
5.20°
5.197
5.185
5.174
5.162
5.150
5.139
5.127
5.116
5.10"
5.093
5.082
5.070
5.05°
5.048
5.037
5.026
5.015
5.004
4.993
4.982
4.971
4.^60
4.950
4.939
4.928
4.918
4.907
4.807
4.886
4.876
4.865
4.855
4.845
".835
4.824
4.814
4.80"
ETHYL CORPORATIOMr DETROIT, MRCH 1 ,  1966





                                - 53 -

-------
                    CAROON DIOXIDE FROM CO/C02 RATIO




         .000   .001   .002   .003   .004   .005   .006   .007    .008    .00°
3.20
3.21
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.29
3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
3.31
3.35
3.36
3.37
3.38
3.39
3.40
3,41
3.42
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.47
3.48
3.49
3.50
3.51
3.52
3.53
3.54
3.55
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59
1.803
4.793
4.783
4.773
4.763
4.753
4.743
4.734
4.724
4.714
4.704
4.695
4.685
4 . 676
4.666
4.656
4.647
4.638
4.628
4.619
4.610
4.600
4.591
4.582
4.573
4.564
4.555
4.545
".536
4.527
4.519
4.510
4.501
4.492
4.483
4.474
4.466
4.457
4.448
4.440
4.802
4.792
4. 7R2
4.772
4.762
4.752
4.742
4.733
4.723
4.713
4.703
4.694
4.384
4.675
4.665
4.656
4.646
4.637
4.627
4.618
4.609
4.599
4.590
4.5R1
4.572
4.563
4.554
4.545
4.536
4.527
4.518
4.509
4.500
4.491
4.482
4.473
4.465
4.456
4.447
4.439
4.801
4.79J
4.781
4.771
4.761
4.751
4.741
4.732
4.722
4.712
4.702
4.693
4.683
4.674
4.664
4.655
4.645
4.636
4.62ft
4.617
4.608
4.598
4.589
4,580
4.571
4.562
4.553
4.544
4.535
4.526
4.517
4.508
4.49P
4.490
4.481
4.473
4.464
4.455
1.446
4.438
4.800
4.790
4.780
4.770
4.760
4.750
4.740
4,731
4.721
4.711
4.701
4.692
4.682
4.673
4.663
4.654
4.644
4.635
4.625
4.616
4.607
4.598
4.588
4.579
4.570
4.561
4.552
4.543
4.534
4.525
4.516
4.507
4.498
4.489
".480
<».472
4 . 463
4.454
4.446
4.437
4.79C
4.78°
4.77^
4.769
4.759
4.749
4.739
4.730
4*720
4.710
4.701
4.691
4.681
4.672
4.662
4.653
4.643
4.634
4.624
4.615
4.606
4.597
4.587
4.578
4.56"
4.560
4.551
4.542
4.533
4.524
4.515
'1.506
4.497
4.4J8
4.480
4.471
4.462
4.453
4.445
4.436
4.798
4.788
4.778
4.768
4.758
4.748
4.738
4.720
4.719
't.709
4.700
4.690
4.680
4.671
4.661
4.652
4.642
4.633
4.624
4.614
4.605
4.596
4.586
'(.577
fc.568
4.559
4.550
4.541
4.532
4.523
4.514
4.505
4.4°6
4.487
i'. 479
4.470
4.461
4.453
4.444
4-435
4.797
4.787
4.777
4 . 767
4.757
4.747
4.737
4.728
4.718
4.708
4.699
4.689
4.67P
4.670
4.660
4.651
4.641
4.632
4.623
4.613
4.604
4.595
4.586
4.576
4.567
4.558
4.549
4.540
4.531
4.522
f .513
4.504 .
4.495
4.487
4.478
4.469
4.460
4.452
4.443
4.434
4. 7Q&
4.7P6
4.776
4.766
4.756
4.746
4. 7*7
4.727
4. M7
4.707
4.698
4,6«8
4.678
4.669
4.659
4.650
. 4.640
4.631
4.622
4.612
4.603
4.504
4.5«5
4 . 5 '5
4.S66
4.S57
4.548
4.S39
4.R3.T
4.521
4.M2
4.S03
4.405
4.4^6
4.477
4.468
4.45°
4.451
4.442
4.434
4.795
4.7ft5
'4.775
4.765
4.755
4. 74'-
4.736
4.726
4.716
4 . 706
4.697
4.687
4.677
4.668
4.658
4.649
4.639
4.630
4.621
4.611
4.602
4.593
4.584
4.575
4.565
4.556
4.547
4.538
4.52°
4.520
4.511
4.501
4.494
4.485
4.476
4.46?
4.45'1
4.450
4.441
u.433
4.70'»
4.784
4.774
4.764
4.754
4. 744
4.735 i
4.725 !
4.715 i
4.705 i
i
4.696
4.686
4.676
4i6f>7
4.657 .
4.6UB
4.63C
4.621
U.t20
4.611
4.601
4.592
4.5£3
4.574
4.565
4.555
4.546
4.537
4 . 528
4.519
4.510
4.502
4.403
4.484
4.475
4.466
4.458
4.440
4.440 ;
4.432 ;
ETHYL CORPORATION,  DETROIT.  VARCH 1,  1966





                                 - 54 -

-------
                  CARBON OIOXIDF  FROM  CO/CO?  RATIO




        .000    .001    .002    .003    .004    .005    .006    .007    .OOfl    .009
3.60
3.61
3.62
3.63
3.64
3.65
3.66
3.67
3 . 6o
3.69
3.70
3.71
3.72
3.73
3.74
3.75
3.76
3.77
3.78
3.79
3.80
3.81
3.82
3.83
3.84
3.ft5
3. 86
3.67
3.88
3.89
3.90
3.91
3.92
3.93
3.94
3.Q5
3.96
3.97
3.98
3.99
4.431
4.422
4.414
4.405
4.397
4.388
4.380
4.372
4.3G3
4.355
4.347
4.339
4.330
".322
4.314
4.306
4.298
4.290
4.282
4.274
4.266
4.258
4.250
4.242
4.234
4.226
4.219
4.211
4.203
4.195
4.188
4.180
4.172
4.165
4.157
4.150
4.142
4.135
4.127
4.120
4.430
4.422
4.413
4.405
4.30&
4.388
4.379
4.371
l. 1 - t
•» • JO^
4.354
4.346
4.338
4.330
4.321
4.313
4.305
4.2Q7
4.289
4.2H1
4.273
4.265
4.257
4.249
4.241
4.233
4.226
4.218
4.210
4.202
4.195
4.187
4.179
4.172
4.164
4.156
4.149
U.141
4.134
4.126
4.119
4.420
4.421
4.412
4.404
4.395
4.387
4.378
4.370
« , f f. *\
•* • ^Ot
4.353
4.34S
4.337
4.329
4 . 3? 1
4.312
4.304
4.296
4.288
. 4.280
4.272
4.264
4.256
4.24R
4.240
4. £33
4.225
4.217
4.209
4.201
4. 194
4.186
4.178
4.171
4.163
4.1L.6
4.148
4.141
4.133
4.126
4.1 18
4.428
4.420
4.411
4.403
4.394
4.386
4.378
4.369
4.3&1
4.353
4.344
4.336
4.328
4.320
4.312
4.303
4.295
4.287
4.279
4.271
4.263
4.255
4.248
4.240
4.232
u.224
4.216
4.208
4.201
4.193
4.185
4.178
4.170
4.162
4.155
4.147
4.140
4..132
4.125
4.118
4.428
4.419
4.410
4.402
4.394
4.385
4.377
4.068
'4.360
4.352
4.343
4.335
4.327
4.319
4.311
4.303
4.295
4.287
4.278
4.271
4.263
a. 255
4.247
4.239
4.231
4.223
4.215
4.208
4.200
4.19?
4.185
4.177
4.160
4.162
4.154
4.147
4.13°
4.132
4.12U
4.117
4.427
4.418
4.410
4.401
4.393
4.384
4.376
4.368
|i TCO
*T « *y *J '
4.351
4 . 3'- 3
4.334
4.326
4.318
4.310
4.302
4.294
4.286
4.278
4.270
4.262
4.254
4.246
4.238
4.230
4.222
4.215
4.207
4.199
4.191
4. 184
4.176
4.169
4.161
4.153
4.146
4.138
4.131
4.123
4.116
4.426
4.417
4.409
4.400
4.392
4.383
4.375
4.367
4.358
4.350
4.342
4.334
4.325
4.317
4.309
4.301
4.293
In. 285
4.277
4.269
4.261
4.253
4.245
4.237
4.22Q
4.222
4.214
4.206
4.198
4.191
4.183
4.175
4.168
4.160
4.153
4.145
4.138
4.130
4.123
4.115
4.4?5
4.416
4.408
4 . 309
4.301
4.3P3
4.374
4 . 366
4.35R
4.349
4.341
4.333
4.3?5
4.316
4.30R
4.300
4.2°2
4.284
4.276
4.268
4.260
4.?52
4.244
4.237
4.?29
4.221
4.213
4.205
4.1 OR
4.100
4.]R2
4. 175
4.1^7
4.159
4.15?
4.104
4.1^7
4.1?o
4.1??
4.115
4.424
4.416
4.407
4.390
4.390
4.38?
4.373
4.365
4.357
4.348
4.340
4.332
4.324
4.316
4.308
4.209
4.291
4.283
4.275
4.267
4.259
4.251
4.244
4.236
4.22ft
u.220
4.212
4.205
4.197
4.189
4.18?
4.174
4.166
4.150
4.151
4. 144
4.136
4.120
4.121
4.114
4.423
4.415
4.406
4. 398
4.3RO
4.381
4.373
4.364
4»356
4.348
4.339
4.331
4.323
, 4.315
4.307
4.299
4.201
4.283
4.275
4.267
4.259
4.251
4.243
4.235
4.22V
4.210
4.212
4.204
4.106
4.1RR
4.1R1
4.173
4.166
4.15P
4.150
4.143
4.135
4.1CR
4.121
4.113
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT, MARCH It 1966




                                 -55-

-------
                EXHAUST/AIR MOLAR-RATIO FROM A/F RATIO

        .00   .01    ".02   .03   .04   .05   .06   .07   .Op   .0«

  fl.O  1.178 1.177 1.177 1.176 1.175 1.174 1.174 i.173 1.172 1.171
  8.1  1.171 1.170 1.169 1.168 1.168 1.167 1.166 1.166 1.165 1.164
  8.2  1.163 1.L63 1.162 1.161 1.1611.160 1.15° 1.158 1.15a 1.157
  8.3  1.156 1.156 1.155 1.154 1.154 1.153 1.152 1.151 1.151 1.150
  «.4  1.149 1.149 1.148 1.147 1.147 1.146 1.145 1.145 1.144 1.143

  8.5  1.143 1.142 1.141 1.141 1.140 1.139 1.139 1.133 1.137 1.137
  8.6  1.136 1.135 1.135 1.134 1.133 1.133 1.132 1.132 1.131 1.130
  8.7  1.130 1.129 1.128 1.128 1.127 1.126 1.126 1.125 1.125 1.124
  8.8  1.123 1.123 1.122 1.121 1.121 1.120 1.120 1.119 1.118 1.118
  8.9  1.117 1.117 1.116 i.115 1.115 1.114 1.114 1.113 1.112 1.112

  9.0  1.111 1.111 1.110 1.109 1.109 1.108 1.108 1.107 1.106 1.106
  9.1  1.105 1.105 1..104 1.104 1.103 1.102 1.102 1.101 1.101 1.100
  9.2  1.100 1.099 1.098 1.098 1.097 1.097 1.096 1.096 I.OP* 1.0Q4
  9.3  1.094 1.093 1.093 1.092 1.092 1.0°l 1.0°1 1.0«0 1.090 J.089
  9.4  1.088 1.088 1.087 1.087 1.086 l.Obo 1.085 1.085 1.084 1.034

  9.5  1.083 1.083 1.082 1.082 1.081 1.011 1.080 1.080 1.07Q 1.078
  9.6  1.078 1.077 1.077 1.076 1.076 1.075 1.075 1.074 1.074 1.073
  9.7  1.073 1.072 1.072 1.071 1.071 1.070 1.070 1.069 1.0&Q 1.068
  9.8  1.068 1.067 1.067 J.067 1.066 1.066 1.065 1.065 1.064 1.064
  9.9  1.063 1.063 1.062 1.062 1.061 1.061 1.060 1.060 1.05° 1.059

 10.0  1.058 1.058 1.058 1.057 1.057 1.056 1.056 1.055 1.055 1.054
 10.1  1.054 1.053 1.053 1.053 1.0S2 1.052 1.051 1.051 1.050 1..050
 10.2  1.049 1.049 1.049 1.048 1.048 1.047 1.047 1.046 1.046 1.046
 10.3  1.045 1.045 1.044 1.044 1.043 1.043 1.043 1.042 1.04? 1.041
 10.4  1.041 1.040.1.040 1.040 1.03° 1.039 1.038 1.033 1.03R 1.037

 10.5  1.037 1.036 1.036 1.036 1.035 1.035 1.034 1.034 T.034 1.033
 10.6  1.033 1.032 1.032 1.032 1.031 1.031 1.030 1.030 1.030 1.T2Q
 10.7  1.029 1.028.1.028 1.02R 1.027 1.027 1.027 1.026 1.026 1.025
 10.8  1.025 1.025 1.024 1.024 1.024 1.023 1.023 1.022 1.022 1.022
 10.9  1.021 1.021 1.021 1.020 1.020 1.019 1.019 1.019 1.01R 1.018

 11.0  1.018 1.017 1.017 1.017 1.016 1.016 1.016 1,015 1.015 1.015
 11.1  1.014 1.014 1.Ci3 1.013 1.013 1.012 1.012 1.012 1.011 1.011
 11.2  1.011 1.010 1.010 1.010 1.00° 1.009 1.0 1 1.008 1.00ft l."08
 11.3  1.007 i.007 1.007 1.006 1.006 1.006 1.005 1.005 1.005 1.004
 11.4  1.004 1.004 1.004 1.003 1.003 1.003 1.002 1.002 1.002 1.001
 11.5  1.001 1.001 1.000 1.000 1.000  .909  .999  .099  .°oo
 11.6   .998  .998  .997  .997  .997  .9^6  .996  .996  .9ofr  .005
 11.7   .995  .995  .994  ."94  .9^4  .903  .993  ,°93  .O9:i  .Q92
 11.8   .°H2  .902  .Q91  ,°91  .991  ,9Q1  ,9°-0  ,°90  .QQ0  .°89
 11.9   .989  .989  .989  .9S8  .988  .988  .937  .Q87  .°87  .087
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT. MARCH 1.

                               - 56-

-------
                EXHAUST/AiR MOLAR-RATIO FROM ft/F RATIO




        .00   .01   .02   .03   .04   .05   .06   .07    .Oft    .no
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.3
12. 4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.o
13.0
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
14.0
i4.i
14.2
la. 3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15.0
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
.986
.984
.981
.978
.976
.974
.V71
.969
.967
*964
.962
.960
.956
.956
.954
.952
.950
' .948
.946
.945
.943
.941
.939
.937
.936
.934
.932
.932
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.9j3
.934
.934
.934
. .934
.935
.935
.986
.983
.981
.978
.976
.973
.971
.969
.966
."6**
.962
.960
.958
.956
.954
.952
.950
.948
.946
.944
.943
.941
.939
.937
.936
.934
.932
.932
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.934
*934
.934
.934
.934
.935
.935
.986
.983
.981
..978
.976
.973
.°71
.968
.966
,054
.Q62
.960
.958
.956
.954
.952
.950
.948
.946
.944
.942
.9U1
.<; '
.937
.935
.934
.932
.933
.933
.Q33
.1'33
.933
.933
.034
.934
.934
.934
.934
.935
.935
.986
.983
.980
.978
.975
.973
.970
.968
.Q66
.964
.962
.Q59
.957
.955
.953
.951
.950
.948
.946
.944
.942
.940
.939
.^37
.'•35
.934
.032
.933
.033
.933
.933
.933
.033
.934
.934
.934
.934
.034
.9.T5
.935
.985
.983
.980
.977
.975
.973
.970
.968
.966
.963
.961
.959
.957
.955
.953
.951
.949
.947
.946
.944
.942
.940
.930
.937
.935
.933
.932
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.934
.934
.934
.934
.934
.935
.935
.985
.982
.980
.977
.975
.972
.970
.968
.065
.9n3
.961
.959
.057
.955
.953
.951
.949
.947
.945
.944
.942
.940
.938
.937
.935
.933
.932
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.934
.934
.934
.934
.934
.935
.935
.985
.982 .
.980
.077
.975
.972
.970
.Oo7
.965
.063
.961
.959
.957
.955
.953
.951
.949
.947
.945
.943
.942
.940
.938
.936
.935
.933
.932
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.933
.934
.934
.934
.934
.935
.935
.035
,°84
.082
.979
.077
.974
.072
.070
.067
.°65
.063
.061
.059
.957
.055
.953
.951
.Q49
.Q47
.01*5
.943
.941
.040
,°38
.°36
.935
.033
.032
.933
.933
.933
.°33
.033
.033
.034
.°34
.034
.034
.°35
.935
.°35
.opu
.982
.970
.976
.974
.07?
.°6o
.967
.965
.°63
.960
.958
.956
.954
.952
.950
.94Q
.947
.045
.94?
.941
.940
.93P
.936
.934
.933
.932
.933
.Q33
.933
.033
.°33
.033
.0344
.034
.974
.934
.o?5
.°35
.93*
.084
.ofll
.979
.076
.074
.071
.069
.067
.°65
.'362
.060
.058
.056
.954
.052
.050
.Q48
.Q47
.°45
.043
.941
.030
.^38
.Q36
.07.4
.933
.032
.033
.033
.033
,033
.033
.033
.034
.034
.034
.034
.035
.035
.035
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT, f-'ARCH 1» 1966




                               - 57 .

-------
        FXHAUST/AIR MOLAR-RATIO FROM A/F RATIO




.00   .01   .02   .03   .04   .05   .06   .07    .08
                                                                no
16.0
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16. fl
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.14
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
18.0
18.1
13.2
18.3
13.4
1 * . 5
13.6
13.7
13.8
18.9
.935
.935
.936
.936
.936
.937
.937
.937
.938
.938
.938
.939
.939
.939
.940
.9i*0
.9<4l
.941
.9^2
.9U2
.943
.943
.943
.9414
.944
.9145
.94^
.946
.«,'<* 7
,947
.935
.935
,9?6
.936
.936
.937
.937
.937
.938
.938
.938
.939
.939
.9140
.940
.
-------
                CORRECTION FACTOR FOR GAS VOLUMES TO 68 F




        .00  1.00  2.00  3.00  4.00  5.00  6.00  7.00  fl.OO
-50.0
-40.0
-30.0
-20.0
-10.0
-.0
.0
10. 0
20.0
JO.O
40.0
50.0
f 3.0
70.0
flO.O
90.0
100.0
110. 0
120.0
130.0
140.0
150.0
160.0
170.0
ifto.o
1Q0.0
20Q.O
2in.o
220.0
1.577
1.510
1.447
1.388
1.333
1.282
1.282
1.233
1.187
1.144
1.103
1.064
1.028
.993
.960
.929
.900
.871
.844
.819
.794
.771
,7i49
.728
.707
.688
.669
.651
.63^
1.584
1.516
l.'<453
1.394
1.339
1.287
1.277
1.228
1.103
l.luu
1.0^9
1.061
1.024
.900
.957
.926
.897
.869
.842
.816
.7Q2
.769
.7u7
.726
.705
.686
.667
.650
.633
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
*
1
1
1
1
1
















.591
.523
.459
.400
.344
.2Q2
.272
.22«*
.178
.136
.095
.057
.021
.987
.954
.°?3
.804
.866
.839
.814
.7QO
.767
.7U5
.724
.703
.6R4
.666
.648
.631
.1.5°R
1.529
1.465
1.406
1.350
1.297
1.267
1.219
1.174
1.131
1.001
1.053
1.017
.983
.951
.920
.891
.863
.837
.811
.787
.764
.742
.721
.701
.682
.664
.646
.629
1.605
1.536
1.472
1.411
1.355
1.302
1.262
1.214
1.170
1.127
1.087
1.050
1.014
.980
.948
.917
.888
.860
.834
.800
.785
. 762
.7uO
.710
.6^0
.680
.662
.644
.628
1.612
1.543
1.478
1.417
1.360
1.307
1.257
1.210
1.165
1.1P3
1.083
1.046
1.010
.977
.94.5
.Q14
.885
.858
.831
.807
.783
.760
.738
.717
.6°7
.678
.660
.643
.6?6
1.619
1.54Q
1.484
1.423
1.366
1.312
1.252
1.205
1.161
1 . 1 19
1.080
1*042
1.C07
.973
.041
.911
.882
.855
.829
.804
.780
.758
.736
.715
.696
.677
.658
.641
.624
1.626
1.556
1.400
1.429
1.372
1.318
1.247
1.201
1.157
• • * r
i . 1 15
1.176
1.039
1.003
,Q70
.938
.008
.880
.852
.826
.H02
.^78
.755
.734
.713
.69U
.675
.657
.639
.623
1.634
1.563
1.407
1.43S
1.377
1.323
1.24-*
1.1°6
1.15?
1..111
1.07?
1.035
1.000
.967
.035
.00*;
.877
.850
.824
.700
.776
.753
.73?
.713
.69?
.67T
.65^
.63o
.621
1.641
1.^70
1.503
1.441
1.383
1.328
1.P38
1.1°2
1.148
1.107
1.068
1.031
.007
.064
.032
.002
.874
.At»7
.P?.l
.797
.773
.751
.730
.700
.6°0
.671
.653
.636
.619
ETHYL CORPORATION. DETROIT, '-1APCH  j,




                               - 59 -

-------
                VAPOR PRESSURE OF 'A'ATER. IN. HG AT PEG. P

        .00  i.oo  2.no  3.00  a.on  5.00  6.00  7.00  P.OO  9.on
.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
<*0.0
.0^5
.071
.109
.166
.248
.047
.074
.114
.173
.258
.049
.077
.119
.180
.268
.051
.081
.124
.188
.278
.054
.084
.130
.195
.28'i
.056
.088
.135
.203
.300
.059
.092
.141
.212
.312
.062
.096
.147
.2?0
.324
.06*
.100
.153
.?2«
.336
.06"
.105
.160
.238'
.34°
 50.0  .363  .376  .390  .U05  .120  .436  .452  .469  .486  .50?
 60.0  .522  .541  .560  .580  .601  .622  .644  .667  .690  .715
 70.0  .739  .765  .791  .818  .846  .875  .905  .935  .°67  ,99O
 80.0 1.032 1.067 1.102 1.138 1.175 1.214 1.253 1.2°3 1.335 1.37n
 90.0 1.422 1.467 1.513 1.561 1.610 1.660 1.712 1.765 1.820 1.876
100.0 1.933 1.992 2.053 2.115 2.178 2.244 2.311 2-?7P 2.U50
110.0 2.596 2.673 2.750 2.830 2.91? 2.996 3.082 3.170 3.?61 3.353
120.0 S.UUR 3.5U5 3.6H 3.7U6 3.85n 3.957 4.066 U.178 4.292
ETHYL CORPORATIOMt OETPOIT, '/A^CH 1, 1966


                                - 60 -

-------
                  APPENDIX IV.  RUNNING THE DATA
      This appendix is a series of instructions for running the car exhaust
surveillance data on the Ethyl Corporation IBM  1620 Model II Digital
Computer.  This computer has a 60-K decimal digit memory core, automatic
division, and indirect addressing.

      The two programs TRAILR and CITABL are available as complete pro-
gram deck packages ready to load.  The starting address  is 00946,

EDITING RAW DATA DECK

      1.  The.  "raw data deck" is the deck of punched cards received from the
key puncher.  It can be edited in whole or part.
                                                                        j
      2.  Sort the portion of  the deck being edited as follows:  Col. 80,  79,
78, 77, 76, 75, 74,  73,  72,  71.   Note the permissible slots as  the  sort
proceeds (Table 5).  Take out any exceptions and examine the cards.  Correct
and put in order.

      3,  List the sorted "raw data deck" double-spaced.

      4.  Load program TRAILR.   Put Switch 1-ON for EDIT MODE and
Switch 2 ON for the first run through.   Load the data deck.  The typewriter
will show  the run number.  Variables out of range are listed.   Refer to the
computer  program  listing for the identification.  Some errors of omission can
be corrected arbitrarily.  Ambient  barometric pressure, temperature and
humidity can usually be  supplied from a companion run on the  same day.   A
missing odometer reading can be estimated from the other repeat run on the
same vehicle.   A gross error,  or a very wrong integrator  calibration, can
usually be  supplied.  The deck cards  should be fed in about 30 cards at a
time since, the  message

                             I/O ER 3
                             SKIP

will lead to a blind  reading of all cf  the cards in  the input  hopper.   If this
happens, press INSTANT STOP and RESET and branch back to the beginning
by pressing INSERT and typing

                             4900946  R/S.

Reload starting at the first card of the  next run following  the bad one.
Examine the listing for a gross input error.

      5.  If Switch 2 is  OFF  the computer halts permitting a reload of a run
with an error.  Press START.

                                   -  61   -

-------
      6.  Not all errors may be detected in the first pass.   After correction
of the first batch,  repeat  the editing process.  Eventually all obvious errors
can be picked up.

      7.  There still may be less obvious errors which will not show up until
the comparison tables are made using the CITABL program.

RUN SUMMARY TABLES
      1.  The Run Summary Tables are prepared using the TRAILR program
with Switch 1 OFF and Switch 3 OFF.   The input is  the edited raw data deck,
which need not include all runs.

      2.  Load program TRAILR.  Put Switch 1 OFF, Switch 2 ON, Switch 3
OFF.  Load dala deck.   The output is about 7000  cards for a full set of rur.s
for a visit.to a city;  roughly 57 cards  per  run.

      3.  List these  with format control.  Save the deck, labeling it with the
VISIT-CITY code.  Mark it RUN SUMMARIES.

REFURBLSHED DATA DECK AND STATISTICAL  ANALYSIS DECK

      1.  Cards for the Refurbished Data Deck and the Statistical Analysis
Deck have already been generated in the Run Summary preparation.  They can
be. sorted out on Col. 79; the Refurbished Data Deck falls in Slot 0, the Statisti-
cal Analysis  Deck in Slot 3,  and the Run Summary cards in  tho reject slot.  It
is desirable, for record purposes,  to keep the Run  Summary output material
together.  A fresh run with Switch  3 ON bypasses the Run Summary card output.

      2.  Load program TRAILR.  Put Switch 1 CFF,  Switch 2 ON, and Switch  3
ON. Load the  same edited  data deck used above.  The output is about 18 cards
per run.

      3.  Sort the output on Col.  79.  Discard rejects.  Slot 0 has Refurbished
Data Deck.  Slot 3 has Statistical Analysis Deck.

      4.  Save  these until all the runs for  a visit to  a city have been processed.
At that time, sort the Refurbished  Data Deck on Col.  80,  78,  77,  76, 73, 74.
It is possible that two runs  have  the same code number by accident.  If time
permits, run this sorted Refurbished Data Deck using  TRAILR in EDIT MODE,
that is, Switch 1  ON, Switch 2 ON.

COMPARISON  TABLES  -   EFFLUENT VARIABLES

      1.  The Variable  Comparison Tables3  are prepared using Program
CITABL using  a complete set of runs for a visit to a city.  The  input  is the
Refurbished Data Deck.

      2.  Sort the Refurbished Data Deck on Col.  80,  78,  77,  76,  73, 74.

a-  These tables are often  termed  Table 2  as in the original contract.

                                    - 62  -

-------
      3.  Load Program CITABL.   Put Switch 1 ON to skip typing of run
numbers if desired.   Load data deck.  The deck will read in until near the
end when output punching will start.  (The balance  of the cards are for runs
with Ethyl Corp. Plymouths.  Run these cards out, since they are  not needed.
Messages will be typed at load time indicating runs on Ethyl cars which are
skipped.)

COMPARISON TABLES  -  ALL VARIABLES

      1.  Comparison tables for all variables including those not considered
in the previous section  can be obtained using the following procedure.

      2.  Two passes are needed.  The "pass" cards described below are loaded
first, then the data deck.

      3.  The Pass 1 c.ard has the  following  numbers  if 13 formal across tlie
card:

          1   20  1  2  3 4 5 6  7 8  9 10 11 12  13 14  15 16 17  18  19  20

The  Pass 2 card has  similarly

          2  9 4 5 7  8  9 10 11 12  13

(The first integer  indicates  the pass, the second the number of variables in the
output list which follows. 'The numbers in the list are  variable storage numbers
defined  in a  later section. )

      4.  Load Program CITABL,  the Pass 1 Card, and the Refurbished Data
Deck.   As soon as tne  punch starts remove  the balance of the data deck  (use
non-process  run out) and reload  with the Pass-2 Card  now-in front instead of
the Pass 1 Card.  The Pass  2 input will start as soon as the punching of  Pass 1
is completed.

      5.  In order to  obtain  comparison tables for part of the variables repeat
the above procedure using a  Pass card containing the  required information in
13 format:

          Col. 3     .   Pass No.
          Col. .5,6      Number of variable comparisons to be punched
                             out in this pass.
          Col. 8,9,  etc. Variable storage numbers of  variables to be
                             processed in this-pass.

The  storage number for each variable is  shown in Table 6.   For example,  to
make comparison  tables for  A/F ratio (Pass  1, Storage No.  5), CO/COz  scaled
HC-FID, ppmc (Pass 1, Storage  No. 10),  N'2 scaled ^C-FID,  ppmc  (Pass 2,
Storage No.  10), and CO/CO? scaled HC-FID, Ib/mile (Pass 1, Storage No. 17).

      The following cards for Pass  i and 2 respectively are needed:
          1   3 5  10  17
          2  1  10
                                    - 63 -

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                TABLE 5.  PERMISSIBLE CODE VALUES
      Column

      80
      79
      78
      76, 77
      77
      76
      75
      74
      73
      72
      71
  Information	

Serial card number
Card set number
Repeat run
Car  number
     Units
     Tens
Sampler number
Car  make
Device
Visit
Permissible values

    0 to 9
    0
    1. 2

    0 to 9
    1. 9
    1 to 9
    1. 2, 3
    1, 2
    1, 2, 3,  4
             A  C.
TABLE 6.  NUMBERING OF VARIABLES-FOR COMPARISON TABLE MAKER
                      IBM 1620 PROGRAM CITABL
Pass 1
Storage
Number
1
2
3
4
5
. 6
7
15

8
9
10
11
12
13
Variable
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
15
CO/CO2
8
9
10
11
12
13
Variable
Name
Serial run no.
Odometer
Miles/hour
N2 dilution ratio"
A/F ratio
SCF air/mile
SCF exh/mile
Carburetor temp.
scaled data
Miles /gal
HC-IR, ppmc
HC-FID ppmc
CO, per cent
CO2> per cent
NOx, ppm
N£ scaled data
16
17
18
19
20
14
16
17
18
19
20
14
HC-IR, Ib/mile
HC-FID, Ib/mile
CO, Ib/mile
CO2, Ib/mile
NOx, Ib/mile
O2> per cent
Variable
Number
1
2
3
23
24
25
26
15
NZ
27
28-
29
30
31
32
NZ
16
17
18
19
20
33
Pass 2
Variable
Name
Serial run no.
Odometer
Miles/hour .
Ambient' air temp.
Ambient local bar. pr.
(Open)
Per cent air
Carburetor temp.
scaled data
Miles/gal
HC-IR, ppmc
HC-FID, ppr-ic
CO, per cent
CO2> per cent
NOx, ppm
scaled data
HC-IR, Ib/mile
HC-FID, Ib/mile
CO, Ib/mile
CO2, Ib/mile
NOx Ib/mile
O2» PC r cent
      During Pass 1, all variables shown in that column arc stored and given
the storage numbers shown at the left.   Similarly for Pass 2.  Note that nine
variables are stored in both Pass 1  and Pass 2.
                                    -  64  -

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