United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-450/3-84-019
December 1984
Air
Procedures for
Certifying
Quantity of
Volatile Organic
Compounds
Emitted by Paint,
Coatings
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EPA-450/3-84-019
Procedure for Certifying Quantity of
Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted
By Paint, Ink, and Other Coatings
Emission Standards and Engineering Division
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
December 1984
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This report has been reviewed by the Emission Standards and Engineering Division of the Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards, EPA, and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products is not
intended to constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Copies of this report are available through the
Library Services Office (MD-35), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711, or
from the National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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PREFACE
This manual was conceived as a way to provide simple step-by-step
instructions for certifying the quantity of volatile organic compounds
(VOC) that will be released by a coating. It has not turned out that
way. The guidance is here, but in spite of great diligence, the
instructions remain imposing.
The manual was prepared for several reasons. First, the coatings
industry, as represented by the National Paint and Coatings Association,
had requested a certification procedure which would relieve their custom-
ers the expense of analysis. Second, the complexity of the calculations
necessary to determine compliance, for example, when dilution solvent is
added to a coating, continue to confound Federal, State and Local enforce-
ment personnel. Finally, results of a recent review of the Agency's
reference method for determining VOC reemphasized the importance of
analytical procedures to verify VOC content.
In response to the results of the review of the test methods, this
manual reaffirms that Reference Method 24 or its constituent methods
developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM),
are the procedures by which the VOC content of a coating will be deter-
mined for compliance with Federal regulations. The earliest guidance
was not so specific. In 1977, the first report^, written to assist
States in developing regulations for sources of VOC emissions, provided
recommendations for the maximum allowable VOC content for complying
coatings in a variety of industries. These values were expressed in
mass of VOC per unit volume of coating. In deriving the recommended
limitation, the VOC content of a coating was calculated based on the
solids content provided by the coating manufacturer. The Agency calcu-
lated the mass of VOC in the coating by assuming the VOC had a density
of 7.36 pounds per gallon.
Solvent and VOC were used somewhat interchangebly even though it
was recognized that organics such as resin monomer, oligimers, and
reaction by-products could be released by a coating during the cure.
There was no accepted analytical method available for measuring the
total VOC which would be released by a coating. The initial guidance1
provided an analytical method for use only for air-dry coatings, those
where all VOC emissions would be expected to come as a result of evapor-
ation of solvent. On a volume basis, air dry coatings constituted the
largest catagory of coatings then in use.
The Agency subsequently developed a more general analytical proce-
dure that could be used to determine the total VOC in a coating. On
October 3, 1980, the Agency published "Reference Method 24 (RM-24) -
^Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Stationary Sources -
Volume II: Surface Caoting of Cans, Coils, Paper, Fabrics, Automobiles,
and Light-duty Trucks, Document No. EPA-450/2-77-008.
111
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Determination of Volatile Matter Content, Density, Volume Solids, and
Weight Solids of Surface Coatings," in the Federal Register (45 FR 65958)
For the first time the Agency formally specified an analytical method
for the VOC content of those coatings that cure by chemical reaction.
Even then, the announcement continued to allow the manufacturer's formu-
lation to be used to calculate the VOC content but specified that the
analytical technique, RM-24, would be the reference in any conflict
between the two.
During 1981 and 1982, as more State and Federal regulations were
established, the demand for low-sol vent coatings began a continuing
increase in the sales volume of reaction-cure coatings. There was some
concern voiced by the industry in how appropriate the reference method
was for these type coatings. To find out, the Agency began a review of
RM-24 to determine the effect of temperature and exposure time on the
indicated VOC "content". It was concluded that the maximum effect of
those time-temperature combinations that were examined amounted to only
about a 10 percent variation. Somewhat more surprising was that the
solvent sometimes accounted for only 50 to 70 percent of the total
VOC measured by the reference method.
The obvious conclusion was that RM-24 is a better measure of the
total organics freed by a coating than is the solvent. This manual
implements a policy based on that conclusion. Certification of VOC
content on the attached Data Sheets must be based on an analysis using
RM-24. No longer will solvent content be permitted as a surrogate for
VOC unless a showing is first made that its use is a reasonable alter-
native or equivalent method of determining the VOC content of that
particular coating.
One final comment. Since VOC is not always synonomous with solvent,
it follows that the amount of solids in a coating cannot be obtained by
subtracting the solvent from the total volume of coating. The original
Federal Register proposal for RM-24, published on October 3, 1980, recom-
mended the American Society of Test Materials test Number D2697 as the
appropriate method of determining solids content. Subsequent comments
from the industry maintained that this test is unreliable. As a result,
when promulgated in 1980, RM-24 specified that the solids content of a
coating can be obtained only from the manufacturer's formulation of the
coating.
Dennis Grumpier
December 14, 1984
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER Page
PREFACE 111
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND SYMBOLS vi
1 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2 VOC CONTENT OF PAINT, INK, AND OTHER COATINGS
"AS SUPPLIED" BY THE COATING MANUFACTURER II-l
2.1 VOC DATA SHEET FOR "AS SUPPLIED" COATINGS .... 11-2
2.2 IMPLEMENTING INSTRUCTIONS 11-3
3 VOC CONTENT OF PAINT, INK AND OTHER COATINGS
"AS APPLIED" TO THE SUBSTRATE BY THE USER I II-l
3.1 VOC DATA SHEET FOR "AS APPLIED" COATINGS II1-2
3.2 IMPLEMENTING INSTRUCTIONS III-4
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
"As Applied" the condition of a coating after dilution by the user
just prior to application to the substrate.
"As Supplied" the condition of a coating before dilution, as sold
and delivered by the coating manufacturer to the user.
(Dc)a coating density "as applied"
(Dc)s coating density, "as supplied"
D(j density of dilution solvent
D^ density of organic solvent/water mixture
Dw density of water (8.33 Ib/gal)
R,J dilution solvent ratio, equals the volume of VOC added
per unit volume of coating "as supplied"
R^ equals the volume of premixed water and VUG added per
unit volume of coating "as supplied"
(Vn)a Volume percent solids of coating "as applied"
^n^s Volume percent solids of coating "as supplied"
(VOC)a VOC content of "as applied" coatiny, expressed as mass
of VOC per unit volume of coating less water or as mass
of VuC per unit volume of solids
(VOC)S VOC content of "as supplied" coating, expressed as mass
of VOC per unit volume of coating less water or as mass
of VOC per unit volume of solids
(Vw)a the water content, in volume percent, of coating "as applied"
(Vw),j the water content, in volume percent, of the dilution solvent
added to the "as supplied" coating
(Vw)s the water content, in volume percent, of the coating
"as supplied"
(W0)a the organic volatile content, in weight percent, of the
coating "as applied"
(W0)s the organic volatile content, in weight percent, of the
coating "as supplied"
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(Wv)a the weight percent of total volatiles in the coating
"as applied"
(Wv)s the weight percent of total volatiles in the coating
"as supplied"
(Ww)a the weight percent water in the coating "as applied"
(Ww)d the weight percent water in the dilution solvent
(Ww)s the weight percent water in the coating "as supplied"
vn
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1. INTRODUCTION
This Manual provides step-by-step instruction for preparation of two
data sheets developed by the Environmental Protection Agency which may be
used by coating manufacturers and users to present information on the
quantity of volatile organic compounds* (VOC) emitted from a coating.
One of the data sheets may be prepared by the manufacturer of the coating;
the second would be used by the company that applies the coating to a
substrate.
The first VOC data sheet, which would be prepared by the manufacturer,
provides information on the volatile organic content of a coating as it is
delivered to a customer. This is referred to as the VOC content of the
coating "as supplied" (by the manufacturer to the user).
The second VOC data sheet, which would be prepared by the user or coater,
provides information on the quantity of volatile organic compounds present as
the coating is used or applied to the substrate and includes the effect
of any dilution solvent added before application. This is referred to as the
VOC content of the coating "as applied" (to the substrate).
The coating user may submit, and the Agency enforcing a regulation may
accept, these data sheets as prima facie evidence of the actual VOC content
of a coating. The referee method for ultimate determination of compliance,
however, will continue to be the method specified in the applicable regula-
tion (for example, tPA Reference Method <:4 or individual ASTM methods).
*Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) - Any organic compound which participates
in atmospheric photochemical reactions; that is, any organic compound
other than those which the Administrator designates as having negligible
photochemical reactivity. VOC may be measured by a reference method,
an equivalent method, an alternative method, or by procedures specified
under any regulation.
1-1
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2. VOC CONTENT OF PAINT, INK AND OTHER COATINGS
"AS SUPPLIED" BY THE COATING MANUFACTURER TO THE USER
II-l
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
VOC DATA SHEET:
PROPERTIES OF THE COATING "AS SUPPLIED" BY THE MANUFACTURER
Coating Manufacturer:
Coating Identification:
Batch Identification:
Supplied To:
Properties of the coating as supplied! to the customer:
A. Coating Density (Dc)s : _ Ib/gal _ kg/1
/~7 ASTM D147b r~7 Other?
B. Total Volatiles (Wv)s : _ Weight Percent
/~T ASTM D2369 / J Other?
C. Water Content: 1. (Ww)s _ Weight Percent
/~7 ASTM D3792 l~f ASTM D4017 /~7 Other?
2. (Vw)s _ Volume Percent
/~7 Calculated f~7 Other?
u. Organic Volatiles (w'0)s : _ Weight Percent
£. Nonvolatiles Content (Vn)s : _ Volume Percent
F. VOC Content (VOC)S: 1. _ Ib/gal coating less water
or _ kg/1 coating less water
2. _ Ib/gal solids
or _ kg/1 solids
Remarks: (use reverse side)
iThe subscript "s" denotes each value is for the coating "as supplied"
by the manufacturer.
^Explain the other method used under "Remarks".
Signed: Date
11-2
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2.2 IMPLEMENTING INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE VOC DATA SHEET FOR "AS SUPPLIED" COATINGS
This DATA SHEET is normally completed by the coating manufacturer and
provided to the user.l It will henceforth be referred to as the "AS SUPPLIED"
VOC UATA SHEET.
A. The "as supplied" coating density, (Dc) 2, is determined using
"ASTM D1475 - Standard Test Method for Density of Paint, Lacquer,
and Related Products."
B. The weight percent of total volatiles in a coating, (Wv)s, is determined
by "ASTM D2369 - 81 Standard Method for Volatile Content of Coatings."
drying conditions to be used are 110°C for 1 hour^.
C. Water Content
1. The weight percent water, (Ww)s, is determined by "ASTM D3792 -
Standard Test Method for Water Content of Water-Reducible Paints
by Direct Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph," or "ASTM D4017 -
Standard Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by
the Karl Fischer Method."^>4 An acceptable alternative to these
procedures for purposes of preparing the data sheet would be to
calculate the weight percent water from the manufacturer's coating
formulation.
lEPA's Reference Method 24 (40 C.F.R. Part 60, App. A), contains the
ASTM methods referenced in these instructions.
2The subscript "s" denotes those parameters of a coating when measured
in the "as supplied" condition, before dilution by the user.
3If the manufacturer believes a specified method does not give results
that are representative of the actual cure mechanism, he may petition the
enforcement authority for approval of an alternate analytical method. Any
alternate method or alteration to the methods and procedures in these instruc-
tions or in any applicable regulation would be subject to review and approval
by the appropriate State and Federal enforcement agency.
^Volatile compounds classified by EPA as having negligible photochemical
reactivity such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane and methylene chloride, etc., and
listed as exempt in the applicable Federal and State VOC regulation should
be treated in the same manner as water. The weight percent.of negligibly
reactive compounds in a coating should be determined from the manufacturer's
formulation. The volume percent can then be calculated using equation II-l
when the weight percent and density of the negligibly reactive compounds are
substituted for those of water. The weight and volume percent can be used in
Equations II-2 and 11-6, respectively, in place of (Ww)s and (Vw)s.
II-3
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2. The water content, in volume percent, (Vw)s, can be calculated
by the equation:
(Vw)s
s, II-l
where Dw is the density of water, 8.33 Ibs/gal.
D. The organic volatiles content, (W0)s, i.e., the VOC content
expressed as a percent by weight, is determined by the following
equation^:
' O'S = ' V'S ~ W'S ii~d
If the coating contains no water the weight percent of organic
volatiles is equal to the weight percent of total volatiles.
In other words:
(Ww)s = 0 and
(W0)s = (Wv)s II-3
E. The volume percent solids (nonvolatiles), (Vn)s, should be derived
from the coating formulation using the following equation:
P
(Vn)s - L (Vn)s. II-4
where (Vn)S-denotes the volume percent of each
nonvolatile component in an "as supplied" coating,
and "p" is the number of nonvolatile components in
that coating. (Also see Footnote 1, Pg. II-3.)
5The precision limit adjustments permitted by Reference Method 24 for
experimentally determined mean Ww and Wv values may be made only ^y
enforcement agencies for determination of compliance. The adjustment
is not to be used for the purposes of completing the "AS SUPPLIED"
WDA~TA SHEET.
11-4
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F. The VOC content of the "as supplied" coating (VOC)S can now be calculated
and thereby expressed in terms used by most State or Federal regulations.
1. The mass of VOC per unit volume of coating less water:
a. If the coating contains no water, the equation is calculated
as follows:
•
b. If the coating contains water, Equation 1 1-5 becomes:
(VOC)S =
's
100% - (Vw)s
2. The VOC content may also be calculated in terms of mass of VOC per
unit volume of solids (nonvolatiles). For both solvent-borne and
waterborne coatings, the equation is:
(VOC)S =
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3. VOC CONTENT OF PAINT, INK AND OTHER COATINGS
"AS APPLIED" TO THE SUBSTRATE BY THE USER
III-l
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
VOC DATA SHEET:
PROPERTIES OF THE COATING "AS APPLIED" TO THE SUBSTRATE
Coating Manufacturer:
Coating Identification:
Batch Identification:
User:
User's Coating Identification:
/~~J Other2
/~7 Other2
C. Water Content: 1. (Ww)a
/7 ASTM D3792
/~7 ASTM D4017 f~J Other?
Ib/gal
Properties of the coating as applied1 by the User:
A. Coating Density (Dc)a: _ kg/1, or
I~~J ASTM D1475
B. Total Volatiles (Wv)a:
I~~J ASTM D2369
Weight Percent
Weight Percent
2- (Vw)a
/~7 Calculated f~7 Other2
D. Weighted Average Density of the dilution solvent (Dd) :
/ 7 ASTM D1475 / 7 Handbook / 7 Formulation
Volume Percent
Ib/gal
(Continued on Reverse Side)
iThe subscript "a" denotes each value is for the coating "as applied" to the
substrate.
2Explain the other method used under "Remarks" on reverse side
subscript "d" denotes values are for the dilution solvent
III-2
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Dilution Solvent Ratio
F. Organic Volatiles Content5 (WQ)a:
G. Non-Volatiles Content (Vn)a:
H. VOC Content (VOC)a: 1.
or
2.
or
or
gal diluent
(gal coating)s4
liter diluent
(liter coating)
Weight Percent
Volume Percent
Ib/gal of coating less water
kg/1 of coating less water
Ib/gal solids
kg/1 solids
REMARKS:
Signed:
Date:
4The subscript "s" denotes values are for the coating "as supplied" by the
manufacturer.
5This terminology is used to be consistent with Method 24. It refers to
all photochemically reactive organic compounds emitted frpm the coating
including reactive by-products of the cure reaction, exactly the same
matter as indicated in Paragraph H, i.e., volatile organic compounds,
or VOC.
111-3
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3.2. IMPLEMENTING INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE VOC DATA SHEET FOR "AS APPLIED" COATINGS
This DATA SHEET, henceforth referred to as the "AS APPLIED" VOC DATA
SHEET, is to be completed by the company which applies a coating. It
provides information on the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in
the coating "as applied" to the substrate by accounting for the quantity of
diluent solvent added to a coating prior to application. There are two
avenues available for the coater to certify the VOC content. One is to
analyze each diluted coating with the same method used to generate the data
provided by the coating manufacturer on the "AS SUPPLIED" VOC DATA SHEET.
(See Chapter 2 of this Manual.) In this case begin with Step A.1 The other
is to maintain adequate records of how much organic solvent is added to each
coating and use that information and the "AS SUPPLIED" VOC DATA SHEET2 to
calculate the VOC content "as applied." (The user may choose to analyze an
"As Supplied" coating using Reference Method 24 and complete the "AS SUPPLIED"
VOC DATA SriEET rather than have the coating manufacturer complete it. The
volume percent solids, however, will necessarily continue to be supplied by
the coating manufacturer.) In this case begin with Step D. If a coating is
diluted only with water or a solvent of negligible photochemical reactivity,
skip Steps A through D below and proceed directly to t. (Also see Footnote
4, Pg. III-5.)
A. The "as applied" coating density, (D_)g2, is determined using "ASTM U1475-
Standard Test Method for Density of Paint, Lacquer, and Related Products."
B. The weight percent of total volatiles in the coating, (Wv)a is determined
by "ASTM U23fa9-81 Standard Method for Volatile Content of Coatings."
The crying conditions to be used are 110°C for 1 hour^.
iEPA's Reference Method 24 (40 C.F.R. Part 60, App. A), contains the
ASTM methods referenced in these instructions.
subscript "a" denotes those parameters of a coating in the
"as applied" condition, i.e., after dilution by the user. The subscript
"s" denotes the parameters of a coating in the "as supplied" condition,
before dilution by the user.
the manufacturer believes the specified method gives results that
are not representative of the VOC released during the normal cure, he
may petition the enforcement authority for approval of an. alternative
analytical method. Any alternate method or alteration to the methods
and procedures in these instructions or in any applicable regulation
would be subject to review and approval by the appropriate State and/or
Federal enforcement agency.
III-4
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C. The water content is necessary only if the coating has been diluted
with a mixture of organic solvent and water. 4,5 if ^g dilution
solvent is 100 percent organic, or if the weight and volume percent
water in the mixture is known, proceed directly to Step D.
The weight percent water, (Ww)a, is determined by"ASTM U3792 -
Standard Test Method for Water Content of Water-Reducible
Paints by Direct Injection Into a Gas Chroma tograph," or "ASTM D4017
- Standard Test Method for Water in Paints arid Paint Materials by
the Karl Fischer Method." (Also see Footnote 3, Pg. III-4.)
The water content, in volume percent, (Vw)a, can be calculated by
the equation:
- '"w'a "Ua 1II-1
'
where Uw is the density of water, 8.33 Ib/gal.
^Volatile compounds classified by EPA as having negligible photochemical
reactivity such as 1 ,1 ,1-trichloroethane and methylene chloride, etc., and
listed as exempt in the applicable Federal and State VuC regulation, should
be treated in the same manner as water. The weight percent of negligibly
reactive compounds in the dilution solvent must be known either from the
coater's mixing records or the dilution solvent supplier's formulation.
The volume percent can then be calculated using Equations 1II-1 or III-5
when the weight percent and density of the negligibly reactive organics
are substituted for those of water. The weight and volume percent of
the negligibly reactive compounds can be substituted in all equations
where the weight and volume percent water, (Ww) and (Vw), respectively,
are used.
precision limit adjustments permitted by Reference Method 24 for
experimentally determined mean weight percent water and total volatiles,
Ww and Wv respectively, may be made only by enforcement agencies for
determination of compliance. The adjustment is not to be used for the
purposes of completing the "AS APPLIED" VuC UATA~3H'tET.
III-5
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D. If the dilution solvent consists of a single compound the density
may be obtained from the literature.
If the dilution solvent is a mixture of organic compounds, the
density, Ddt>, can be determined analytically via AiiTM D1475, or
an average density can be estimated from the solvent formulation
as shown below. This estimation assumes that volumes are additive.
0 = 100%
d m W, I1I-2
or
rn
= ! E VJUJ IH-3
TUu% j=i
where: Dj, Wj, and Vj denote the density, weight percent,
and volume percent of each solvent in the dilution solvent
mixture and "m" is the number of organic solvents in the
dilution solvent mixture.
If the dilution solvent is a mixture of photochernically reactive
organics and water, the coater must know the weight percent, (Ww)(j,
or volume percent, (V^^, of water from his mixing records or the
supplier's formulation, or he must analytically determine the weight
fraction of water in the dilution solvent using ASTM 03792 or Ab'fM
U4017. The density, U^, of the dilution solvent may then be deter-
mined by analytically measuring the density of tiie organic solvent/
water mixture, Dd , using AbTM U1475 and adjusting it for the water
content using the following equation. (See also Footnote 4, Pg. III-5.)
D = D ' "~"'' •••w'u- I1I-4
d d L100% - (Vw)dJ
Note: If either the weight or volume percent water in the
dilution solvent is known, the other can be calculated by the
equation:
Dd III-5
w
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E. The dilution solvent ratio, Rd, is defined as the volume of
photochemically reactive organic solvent, (VOC), added per unit
volume of "as supplied" coating. Stated mathematically,
R = Volume photochemically reactive dilution solvent added
d Volume of "as supplied" coating
1. If the "as supplied" coating is subsequently diluted with
water or a solvent which is of negligible photochemical
reactivity, the VOC content will be unchanged from that reported
on the "AS SUPPLIED" VUC DATA SHEET. This should be reported on
the "AS APPLIED" VOC DATA SHEET by entering "0" for the dilution
solvent ratio, Rs - (Dc>a in-b
(0 )— (D )
b. When the dilution solvent is a mixture of water and
photochemically reactive organic solvent, Equation II1-6
may be expressed as:
Rd = -—: ;—rr
where: R^ is the ratio of the volume of water
and organic dilution solvent to the volume of "as
supplied" coating to which it is added. (Also see
Footnote 4, Pg. II1-5.)
The dilution solvent ratio, K
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F. The organic volatile content (W0)a, i.e. the VOC content expressed
as a percent by weight of the diluted coating, can now be calculated
by either of two ways:
1. From analyses of the coating using the following equation:
(W0)a '
-------
(2). If the coating contains water the following equation
must be used:
(ynr). = JWQ> tVa 111-14
/a
101ft - (Yw)a
b. Using the VOC content of the "as supplied" coating, (VOCS),
the dilution solvent ratio, and the density of the solvent,
the equation is:
(VOC);
_
C(VOC)S (100% - (Vw)s)/100%] + (RdDd)
Where (VOC)S in this case must be in units of
Ibs VOC/gal coating less water.
2. The VOC content may also be calculated in terms of mass of VOC
per unit volume of solids (nonvolatiles) .
a. Using the results obtained by analyzing the coating with EPA
Reference Method 24 or its constituent ASTM methods,
the equation for both solvent-borne and waterborne coatings,
is:
(VOC)a = "o 0'** I"
b. Using dilution information and calculation procedures only,
the equation is:
_ E(voos (ioo%- (vw)s)/ioo%3 + (RdDd) m_17
a (vn)s/ioo%
Where (VOC)S in this case must be in units of
Ibs VOC/gal coating less water.
III-9
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions On the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA 450/3-84-019
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Procedures for Certifying Quantity of Volatile Organic
Compounds Emitted by Paint, Ink, and Other Coatings
5. REPORT DATE
December 1984
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (MD-13)
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/200/04
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This manual provides procedures by which firms may voluntarily
certify the quantity of volatile organic compounds which will be emitted
by a paint, ink, or other coating. Two data sheets are provided. One
is to be used by the manufacturer of the coating,- the other by the user.
Analytical test methods and procedures for preparing the data sheets are
included, as are the equations and instructions necessary to convert the
analytical results into a format suitable for determining compliance with
State or Federal regulations.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Coatings
Compliance Calculations
Pollution Control
Reference Method 24
Test Methods
Volatile Organic Compounds
Air Pollution Control
13-B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
15
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)
PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE
-------
INSTRUCTIONS
1. REPORT NUMBER
Insert the EPA report number as it appears on the cover of the publication.
2. LEAVE BLANK
3. RECIPIENTS ACCESSION NUMBER
Reserved for use by each report recipient.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Title should indicate clearly and briefly the subject coverage of the report, and be displayed prominently. Set subtitle, if used, in smaller
type or otherwise subordinate it to main title. When a report is prepared in more than one volume, repeat the primary title, add volume
number and include subtitle for the specific title.
5. REPORT DATE
Each report shall carry a date indicating at least month and year. Indicate the basis on which it was selected (e.g., date of issue, date of
approval, date of preparation, etc.).
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
Leave blank.
7. AUTHOR(S)
Give name(s) in conventional order (John R. Doe, J. Robert Doe, etc.). List author's affiliation if it differs from the performing organi-
zation.
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER
Insert if performing organization wishes to assign this number.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Give name, street, city, state, and ZIP code. List no more than two levels of an organizational hirearchy.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
Use the program element number under which the report was prepared. Subordinate numbers may be included in parentheses.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NUMBER
Insert contract or grant number under which report was prepared.
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12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Include ZIP code.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Indicate interim final, etc., and if applicable, dates covered.
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
Insert appropriate code.
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Enter information not included elsewhere but useful, such as: Prepared in cooperation with, Translation of, Presented'at conference of,
To be published in, Supersedes, Supplements, etc.
16. ABSTRACT
Include a brief (700 words or less) factual summary of the most significant information contained in the report. If the report contains a
significant bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
(a) DESCRIPTORS - Select from the Thesaurus of Engineering and Scientific Terms the proper authorized terms that identify the major
concept of the research and are sufficiently specific and precise to be used as index entries for cataloging.
(b) IDENTIFIERS AND OPEN-ENDED TERMS - Use identifiers for project names, code names, equipment designators, etc. Use open-
ended terms written in descriptor form for those subjects for which no descriptor exists.
(c) COSATI FIELD GROUP - Field and group assignments are to be taken from the 1965 COSATI Subject Category List. Since the ma-
jority of documents are multidisciplinary in nature, the Primary Field/Group assignment(s) will be specific discipline, area of human
endeavor, or type of physical object. The application(s) will be cross-referenced with secondary Field/Group assignments that will follow
the primary posting(s).
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Denote releasability to the public or limitation for reasons other than security for example "Release Unlimited." Cite any availability to
the public, with address and price.
19. &20. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
DO NOT submit classified reports to the National Technical Information service.
21. NUMBER OF PAGES
Insert the total number of pages, including this one and unnumbered pages, but exclude distribution list, if any.
22. PRICE
Insert the price set by the National Technical Information Service or the Government Printing Office, if known.
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) (Reverse)
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