vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-450/3-89-16
May 1989
Air
Model Boiler Cost
Analysis for Controlling
Nitrogen Oxides (NC^)
Emissions from Small
Steam Generating Units
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EPA-450/3-89-16
MODEL BOILER COST ANALYSIS
FOR CONTROLLING NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX)
EMISSIONS FROM SMALL STEAM GENERATING UNITS
Emission Standards Division
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
May 1989
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This report has been reviewed by the Emission Standards Division of the
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA, and approved for
publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products is not intended
to constitute endorsement or recommendation of use. Copies of the report
are available through the Library Service Office (MD-35), U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711, or from National
Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield,
Virginia 22161.
ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 SUMMARY. 2
3.0 MODEL BOILER COSTING METHODOLOGY 4
4.0 MODEL BOILER COST ANALYSIS RESULTS 6
4.1 NATURAL GAS, INDUSTRIAL FUEL PRICE 6
4.2 NATURAL GAS, COMMERCIAL FUEL PRICE 7
4.3 DISTILLATE OIL 8
4.4 RESIDUAL OIL 9
4.5 COAL 9
5.0 REFERENCES 10
TM
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 PROJECTED FUEL PRICES FOR EPA REGION V 11
2 MODEL BOILER NOV COST ANALYSIS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED
BOILERS IN REGION V: INDUSTRIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.26
CAPACITY FACTOR 12
3 MODEL BOILER NOV COST ANALYSIS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED
BOILERS IN REGION V: INDUSTRIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.55
CAPACITY FACTOR 13
4 COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED BOILERS
IN REGION V: INDUSTRIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.26 CAPACITY
FACTOR 14
5 COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED BOILERS
IN REGION V: INDUSTRIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.55 CAPACITY
FACTOR 15
6 MODEL BOILER NOV COST ANALYSIS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED
BOILERS IN REGION V: COMMERCIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.26
CAPACITY FACTOR 16
7 MODEL BOILER NOV COST ANALYSIS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED
BOILERS IN REGION V: COMMERCIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.55
CAPACITY FACTOR 17
8 COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED BOILERS
IN REGION V: COMMERCIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.26 CAPACITY
FACTOR 18
9 COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED BOILERS
IN REGION V: COMMERCIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.55 CAPACITY
FACTOR 19
10 MODEL BOILER NOV COST ANALYSIS FOR DISTILLATE OIL-FIRED
BOILERS IN REGION V: 0.26 CAPACITY FACTOR 20
11 MODEL BOILER NOV COST ANALYSIS FOR DISTILLATE OIL-FIRED
BOILERS IN REGION V: 0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR 21
12 COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR DISTILLATE OIL-FIRED
BOILERS IN REGION V: 0.26 CAPACITY FACTOR 22
13 COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR DISTILLATE OIL-FIRED
BOILERS IN REGION V: 0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR 23
iv
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LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)
Table
14 MODEL BOILER NOV COST FOR RESIDUAL OIL-FIRED BOILERS
IN REGION V: 0?26 CAPACITY FACTOR 24
15 MODEL BOILER NOV COST FOR RESIDUAL OIL-FIRED BOILERS
IN REGION V: 0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR 25
16 COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR RESIDUAL OIL-FIRED BOILERS
IN REGION V: 0.26 CAPACITY FACTOR 26
17 COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR RESIDUAL OIL-FIRED BOILERS
IN REGION V: 0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR 27
18 MODEL BOILER NOV COST ANALYSIS FOR COAL-FIRED BOILERS
IN REGION V: 0.26 CAPACITY FACTOR. 28
19 MODEL BOILER NOV COST ANALYSIS FOR COAL-FIRED BOILERS
IN REGION V: 0755 CAPACITY FACTOR 29
20 COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR COAL-FIRED BOILERS IN
REGION V: 0.26 CAPACITY FACTOR 30
21 COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR COAL-FIRED BOILERS IN
REGION V: 0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR 31
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report presents estimates of the costs and cost effectiveness
associated with controlling nitrogen oxides (NO ) emissions from small
A
boilers. The report was prepared as part of the project to develop new
source performance standards (NSPS) for small boilers under Section 111 of
the Clean Air Act. Small boilers are defined as industrial-commercial -
institutional boilers having heat input capacities of 29 MW (100 million
Btu/hour) or less. A discussion of available NO emissions data is
presented in the report entitled, "Overview of the Regulatory Baseline,
Technical Basis, and Alternative Control Levels for Nitrogen Oxides (NO )
1
Emission Standards for Small Steam Generating Units".
As discussed in Reference 1, it is not possible to establish
uncontrolled or controlled NO emission levels for small boilers. However,
in order to develop estimates of the potential cost and cost effectiveness
«
of NO control for small boilers, it was assumed that low excess air (LEA)
rt
technology could reduce NO emissions from uncontrolled levels by
A
20 percent. Furthermore, it was assumed that baseline (i.e., uncontrolled)
emissions could be approximated as the midpoint of the range of uncontrolled
NO emissions data for each fuel/boiler type combination. For this reason,
however, the emission reduction estimates and corresponding cost and cost
effectiveness values .can only be viewed as rough approximations and are of
2
use for example purposes only.
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2.0 SUMMARY
Capital, operation and maintenance (O&M), and annual 1 zed costs were
estimated for model boilers firing natural gas, distillate oil, residual
oil, and coal. Boilers with a range of heat input capacities were examined.
Costs were determined for both uncontrolled model boilers and model boilers
equipped with LEA for NO control. Rough approximations of baseline (i.e.,
^
uncontrolled) and controlled (LEA) NOX emissions were used to estimate the
cost effectiveness of applying NO controls to small boilers.
The results of the analysis are presented in Tables 2 through 21.
These tables show similar trends in costs and cost effectiveness for each
fuel type. The difference in capital costs between baseline and
N0x-controlled boilers decreases with increasing boiler size. This can be
attributed to the economies of scale associated with LEA application and its
associated compliance requirements. The difference in annualized costs
decreases with increasing boiler size and capacity factor. This trend
results from the increased boiler efficiencies provided by operating with
LEA, which translate into fuel savings. These fuel savings act to offset
the additional LEA costs for spare parts, maintenance, and annualized
capital costs.
For boilers subject to continuous compliance and ranging in size from
2.9 to 29 MW (10 to 100 million Btu/hour) and in capacity factor from 0.26
to 0.55, the cost effectiveness of LEA ranges from:
o natural gas (priced for the industrial sector) - $314,000 to
$3,110/Mg ($285,000 to $2,820/ton);
o natural gas (priced for the commercial sector) - $314,000 to
$2,440/Mg ($285,000 to $l,850/ton);
o distillate oil - $156,000 to $2,440/Mg ($141,000 to $2,220/ton);
o residual oil - $104,000 to $l,610/Mg ($94,000 to $l,460/ton); and
o coal - $107,000 to $2,350/Mg ($97,000 to $2,130/ton).
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Requiring excess emission reporting rather than continuous compliance
results in lower cost effectiveness values. For boilers ranging from 2.9 to
29 MW (10 to 100 million Btu/hour) in size and in capacity factor from 0.26
to 0.55, the cost effectiveness of LEA ranges from:
o natural gas (priced for the industrial sector) - $225,000 to
$l,040/Mg ($205,000 to $940/ton);
o natural gas (priced for the commercial sector) - $225,000 to $0/Mg
($205,000 to $0/ton);
o distillate oil - $112,000 to (-$305)/Mg [$102,000 to (-$277)/ton];
o residual oil - $75,000 to $576/Mg ($68,000 to $522/ton); and
o coal - $78,100 to $l,520/Mg ($70,900 to $l,380/ton).
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3.0 MODEL BOILER COSTING METHODOLOGY
This model boiler cost analysis estimates capital, O&M, and annualized
costs using the methodology discussed in Reference 3. The selection of the
model boiler types and sizes used in this analysis is discussed in
Reference 4. All costs are presented in June 1985 dollars. Capital and O&M
costs were updated from other time bases using the Chemical Engineering (CE)
plant cost and Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) producer price indices,
respectively. The total cost for each model system includes the costs of
the boiler, fuel, and add-on NO control equipment, where applicable.
A
Nitrogen oxides control for all fuel/boiler types is based on the
application of LEA combustion modification. A description of LEA technology
is provided in Reference 1. The additional equipment and modifications
required for LEA control are an oxygen trim system (comprising an oxygen
analyzer and air flow regulators) and windbox modifications (for
multi-burner boilers). These account for the increased capital costs
required for installing LEA on an uncontrolled boiler.
Annual O&M costs increase with the application of LEA due to associated
costs for spare parts, maintenance labor, and maintenance materials.
However, these cost increases are offset, in part, by lower fuel
requirements for LEA-controlled boilers compared to uncontrolled boilers
because of the higher boiler efficiencies associated with LEA operation.
Lower fuel requirements translate to lower annual fuel costs.
The fuel prices used in this analysis are projected delivered fuel
prices in EPA Region V for the time period from 1992 to 2007. These prices,
presented in Table 1, have been 1 eve!ized over this period and are expressed
in June 1985 dollars. ' Region V fuel prices were used for illustrative
purposes. Similar cost results are expected for other EPA regions.
Two sets of natural gas price projections are used in this analysis
corresponding to boilers operating in the industrial and commercial natural
gas market sectors. Projected prices for coal, residual oil, and distillate
oil, on the other hand, are not expected to vary significantly between these
sectors. Hence, only one set of price projections is used for these boiler
fuels.
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The two boiler compliance options examined in this memorandum are:
(1) continuous compliance, including Appendix F quality assurance
procedures; and (2) excess emission reporting requirements. Continuous
compliance increases capital costs by $10,000 over excess emission
reporting, due primarily to the development of a required quality control
plan. Annual O&M costs are $17,000 greater for continuous compliance than
for excess emission reporting.
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4.0 MODEL BOILER COST ANALYSIS RESULTS
4.1 NATURAL GAS, INDUSTRIAL FUEL PRICE
Tables 2 and 3 present the costs of both uncontrolled and LEA-equipped
model boilers operating at capacity factors of 0.26 and 0.55, respectively.
Capital costs for boilers equipped with LEA are about 25 percent higher than
baseline costs at the 2.9 MW (10 million Btu/hour) size. This capital cost
increase drops to about 5 percent at the 29 MW (100 million Btu/hour) size.
This decrease is due to the economies of scale associated with LEA
application (and compliance requirements) and is observed for each fuel type
examined.
For the 0.26 capacity factor, applying LEA increases annualized costs
by roughly 16 percent over baseline costs at the 2.9 MW (10 million
Btu/hour) boiler size and by 2 percent at the 29 MW (100 million Btu/hour)
boiler size. This decline in the cost increase associated with the use of
LEA is primarily due to the increased fuel savings resulting from LEA use in
larger boiler sizes. As discussed in Section 3.0, the application of
LEA control results in higher boiler efficiencies and, hence, lower annual
fuel costs than baseline boilers. As boiler size and capacity factor
increase, the magnitude of this fuel cost savings increases and acts to
offset the additional LEA costs for spare parts, maintenance, and annualized
capital costs. These trends are observed for each fuel type examined.
fables 4 and 5 present the annualized costs for natural gas-fired model
boilers at capacity factors of 0.26 and 0.55, respectively. The cost
effectiveness of LEA control is also presented. Cost effectiveness results
are provided for both continuous compliance and excess emission reporting
requirements.
The average cost effectiveness values for LEA control decrease as the
boiler size increases for both capacity factors. The values range from
$314,000/Mg ($285,000/ton) for continuous compliance at the 2.9 MW
(10 million Btu/hour) boiler size and 0.26 capacity factor to $3,110/Mg
($2,820/ton) at the 29 MW (100 million Btu/hour) boiler size and 0.55
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capacity factor. The decrease in cost effectiveness is due primarily to
three factors:
(1) fuel savings increase with increasing boiler size and capacity
factor, thus reducing incremental costs for control;
(2) capital costs for LEA equipment and NOX monitors are distributed
over larger annual NO reductions as boiler size and capacity
A
factor increase, due to economies of scale; and
(3) estimated emission reductions are greater on a heat input basis
for larger boiler sizes than for small sizes. This is because
uncontrolled NO emissions generally increase with boiler size
^
for package boilers due to higher characteristic heat release
rates. Since a constant 20 percent NOX reduction has been
assumed, the magnitude of this NO reduction, on a heat input
basis, increases as boiler size increases.
Requiring excess emission reporting rather than continuous compliance
results in lower cost effectiveness values. The average cost effectiveness
under excess emission reporting ranges from $225,000/Mg ($205,000/ton) at
the 2.9 MW (10 million Btu/hour) boiler size and 0.26 capacity factor to
$l,040/Mg ($940/ton) at 29 MW (100 million Btu/hour) and 0.55 capacity
factor.
4.2 NATURAL GAS, COMMERCIAL FUEL PRICE
Tables 6 and 7 present the costs for baseline and LEA control on small
boilers firing natural gas priced for the commercial market sector. Tables
8 and 9 present the corresponding cost effectiveness results. Although
annualized costs for baseline and LEA control are higher with the commercial
gas price than with the industrial natural gas price, the differences in
costs between these two alternatives, as well as the cost effectiveness
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values, are smaller. This is because the commercial gas price is higher
than the industrial price, thus increasing fuel savings and decreasing the
cost difference between baseline and LEA-controlled boilers.
The cost effectiveness of LEA control with continuous compliance ranges
from $314,000/Mg ($285,000/ton) at the 2.9 MW (10 million Btu/hour) size and
0.26 capacity factor to $2,040/Mg ($l,850/ton) at the 29 MW (100 million
Btu/hour size and 0.55 capacity factor. When excess emission reporting is
required, cost effectiveness ranges from $225,000/Mg (205,000/ton) for the
2.9 MW (10 million Btu/hour) boiler at a capacity factor of 0.26 to SO/Mg
($0/ton) at the 29 M (100 million Btu/hour) size and 0.55 capacity factor.
There is no net cost increase at this size and capacity factor because fuel
savings are equal to the total nonfuel costs of LEA application.
4.3 DISTILLATE OIL
Tables 10 and 11 show costs for baseline and LEA-controlled small
boilers firing distillate oil and operating at capacity factors of 0.26 and
0.55, respectively. Tables 12 and 13 list the corresponding cost-
effectiveness results.
The distillate oil-fired model boilers exhibit cost and cost-
effectiveness trends similar to those observed for natural gas-fired
boilers. With continuous compliance, the cost effectiveness of applying LEA
to uncontrolled distillate oil-fired boilers ranges from $156,000/Mg
($141,000/ton) at the 2.9 MW (10 million Btu/hour) boiler size and 0.26
capacity factor to $2,440/Mg ($2,220/ton) at the 29 MW (100 million
Btu/hour) boiler size and 0.55 capacity factor. For the same range in size
and capacity factor, the cost effectiveness for excess emission reporting
ranges from $112,000/Mg ($102,000/ton) to (-$305/Mg) [-$277/ton]. The
negative cost effectiveness for the latter case results because fuel savings
are greater than the nonfuel LEA costs.
8
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4.4 RESIDUAL OIL
Costs for uncontrolled and LEA-controlled model boilers firing residual
oil are presented in Tables 14 and 15. Cost effectiveness results for the
residual oil-fired boilers are given in Tables 16 and 17.
Trends in cost and cost effectiveness for firing residual oil parallel
those for firing natural gas and distillate oil. Fuel savings for residual
oil due to LEA application are smaller, however, because of the lower fuel
price for residual oil compared to natural gas. Also, there is no change in
estimated NO emission reductions as a function of boiler size.
A
Under continuous compliance, the cost effectiveness of applying LEA
to uncontrolled residual oil-fired boilers ranges from $104,000/Mg
($94,000/ton) at the 2.9 MW (10 million Btu/hour) boiler size and 0.26
'capacity factor to $l,610/Mg ($l,460/ton) at the 29 MW (100 million
Btu/hour) boiler size and 0.55 capacity factor. For the same range in size
and capacity factor, cost effectiveness for excess emission reporting ranges
from $75,000/Mg ($68,000/ton) to $576/Mg ($522/ton).
4.5 COAL
Tables 18 and 19 present baseline and LEA control costs for coal-fired
model boilers operating at capacity factors of 0.26 and 0.55, respectively.
The corresponding cost effectiveness results are presented in Tables 20 and
21. The cost and cost effectiveness trends observed for firing coal are
similar to those exhibited by the other fuel types.
Under continuous compliance, the cost effectiveness of applying LEA to
uncontrolled coal-fired boilers ranges from $107,000/Mg ($97,000/ton) at the
2.9 MW (10 million Btu/hour) boiler size and 0.26 capacity factor to
$2,350/Mg ($2,130/ton) at the 29 MW (100 million Btu/hour) boiler size and
0.55 capacity factor. For the same range in size and capacity factor, cost
effectiveness for excess emission reporting ranges from $78,000/Mg
($70,900/ton) to $l,520/Mg ($l,380/ton).
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5.0 REFERENCES
1. Overview of the Regulatory Baseline, Technical Basis, and Alternative
Control Levels for Nitrogen Oxides (NO ) Emission Standards for Small
Steam Generating Units. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Researcn Triangle Park, N.C. EPA Publication No. EPA-450/3-89-13.
May 1989
2. Memorandum from Martinez, J. A., Radian Corporation, to Small Boiler
Docket. December 17, 1987. Development of Baseline and Controlled NO
Emission Estimates for Small Boilers.
3. Industrial Boiler SO- Cost Report. Prepared by Radian Corporation.
Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. EPA Publication No. EPA-450/3-85-011. November 1984.
p. 90.
4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Small.Steam Generating Unit
Characteristics and Emission Control Techniques- Research Triangle
Park, N.C. March 31, 1989
5. Technology Assessment Report for Industrial Boiler Applications: NO
Combustion Modification. Prepared by Acurex Corporation. Prepared for
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
EPA Publication No. EPA-600/7-79-178f. December 1979. p. 4-3.
6. Letter from Hogan, T., Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., to
Link, T. E., EPA/EAB. June 5, 1987. Annualized Industrial Fuel
Prices.
7. Letter from Hogan, T., Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., to
Link, T. E., EPA/EAB. July 28, 1987. Annualized Commercial Oil and
Gas Prices.
10
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TABLE 1. PROJECTED FUEL PRICES FOR EPA REGION V
$/GJ ($/million Btu)a
Natural Gas:
Industrial 4.95 (5.22)
Commercial 6.11 (6.44)
Distillate Oil 6.03 (6.36)
Residual Oil (3% Sulfur) 4.63 (4.88)
Coal (F-Bituminous) 2.38 (2.51)
aLevelized prices in June 1985 dollars.
Carriage market prices.
11
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r\j
TABLE 2. MODEL BOILER NOX COST ANALYSIS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
INDUSTRIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.26 CAPACITY FACTORa'b
Bol
2.
7.
15
22
29
ler size/control
9 MW ( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEAd
3 MM ( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
MW ( SO MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
Mrf ( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
MW (100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
Emission factorc
ng/J (Ib/MMBtu)
43
34
43
34
81
64
81
64
81
64
(0.10)-)^
(0.08)
(0.10)
(0.08)
(0.19)>
(0.15)
(0.19)
(0.15)
(0.19)
(0.15)
Annual NO
em1ss1onsx
Mg/yr (tons/yr)
1.0
0.8
2.6
2.1
10
7.7
15
11.5
19
15
(1.1)
(0.9)
(2.8)
(2.3)
(11)
(8.5)
(16)
(13)
(21)
(17)
Capital
costs
($1.000)
435
546
718
830
1,466
1,579
1,888
2,003
2,269
2,385
0 & M
Fuel
119
117
297
292
594
585
892
877
1,189
1,170
costs ($1.000/yr)
Nonfuel
174
225
231
282
274
325
318
370
361
412
Total
293
342
528
574
868
910
1,210
1,247
1,550
1,582
Annual Ized
cost
($l,000/yr)
363
427
644
706
1,109
1,166
1,520
1,572
1,922
1,971
All costs are In June 1985 dollars.
Costs for continuous compliance. Including Appendix F, are Included with LEA costs. The detailed excess emission
costs can be calculated by subtracting $10,000 from the Capital costs, $17,000 from the O&M costs, and $18,000 from
the AnnualIzed costs for LEA.
"Reference 2.
LEA = Low excess air.
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TABLE 3. MODEL BOILER NOX COST ANALYSIS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
INDUSTRIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR4'6
u>
Boiler
2.9 MM
7.3 MW
15 MW
22 MM
29 MM
size/control
( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA3
( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( 50 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
(100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
aAll costs are In June 1985
Emission factor0
ng/J (Ib/MMBtu)
43
34
43
34
81
64
81
64
81
64
(0.10)
(0.08)
(0.10)
(0.08)
(0.19)
(0.15)
(0.19)
(0.15)
(0.19)
(0.15)
Annual NO
em1ss1onsx
Mg/yr (tons/yr)
2.2
1.7
5.4
4.3
21
16
31
24
41
33
(2.4)
(1.9)
(6)
(4.8)
(23)
(18)
(34)
(27)
(45)
(36)
Capital
costs
($1,000)
454
565
758
869
1,536
1,648
1,988
2,101
2.398
2,513
O&M costs ($l,000/yr) /
Fuel
251
247
629
619
1.257
1.237
1.886
1.856
2.515
2.475
Nonfuel
220
271
291
342
346
397
401
452
455
507
Total
471
518
920
961
1,603
1.634
2,287
2,308
2,970
2,982
Annual 12
cost
($1,00(
543
605
1,041
1,097
1,851
1.898
2.607
2,644
3,356
3,383
:ed
>/yr)
dollars.
Costs for continuous compliance, Including
costs can be calculated by subtracting $10
the Annual 1 zed costs for LEA.
Appendix
,000 from
F, are Included with LEA costs. The detailed excess emission
the Capital costs, $17,000 from the O&M costs, and 18,000 from
Reference 2.
d, c» =
1 ^i.j A\ts+f±f r* & i r»
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TABLE 4. COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
INDUSTRIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.26 CAPACITY FACTOR3
Continuous compliance0 Excess emission reporting6
Average Average
Annual Annual 1 zed cost . AnnualIzed cost .
Boiler size/control Emission factor emissions cost effectiveness cost effectiveness
ng/J(lb/MMBtu) Mg/yr (ton/yr) (UOOO/yr) $/Mg ($/ton) ($1000/yr) $/Mg ($/ton)
2.
7.
15
22
29
9 MW ( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
3 MW ( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA'
MW ( 50 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
MW ( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
MW (100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
43
34
43
34
81
64
81
64
81
64
(0.10)
(0.08)
(0.10)
(0.08)
(0.19)
(0.15)
(0.19)
(0.15)
(0.19)
(0.15)
1.0
0.8
2.6
2.1
10
8
15
12
19
15
(1.1)
(0.9)
(3)
(2.3)
(11)
(8)
(16)
(13)
(21)
(17)
363
427
644
706
1,109
1,166
1,520
1,572
1,922
1,971
363
314,000 (285,000) 409
644
122,000 (110,000) 688
1,109
27,800 (25,200) 1,148
1,520
16,900 (15,300) 1,554
1,922
11.900 (10,800) 1,953
-
225 ,000
-
86,200
-
19,000
-
11,000
-
7,550
-
(205,000)
-
(78,300)
-
(17,200)
-
(10,000)
-
(6,850)
aAll costs are In June 1985 dollars.
Reference 2.
Costs Include emission monitoring requirements for showing continuous compliance. Including Appendix F.
Cost Increase associated with application of LEA control divided by the amount of emission reduction achieved.
Q
Costs Include excess emission reporting requirements.
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TABLE 5. COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
INDUSTRIAL PRICES AND 0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR3
Continuous compliance0 Excess emission reporting6
Average Average
Annual AnnualIzed cost . Annual 1 zed cost
Boiler size/control Emission factor emissions cost effectiveness cost effectiveness
ng/J
-------
TABLE 6. MODEL BOILER NOX COST ANALYSIS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
COMMERCIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.26 CAPACITY FACTORa'b
Boiler size/control
2.
7.
15
22
29
9 MW ( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEAa
3 MW ( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
MW ( 50 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
MW ( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
MW (100 MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
Annual NO
Emission factor0 em1ss1onsx
ng/J (Ib/MMBtu) Mg/yr (tons/yr)
43
34
43
34
81
64
81
64
81
64
(0.10)
(0.08)
(0.10)
(0.08)
(0.19)
(0.15)
(0.19)
(0.15)
(0.19)
(0.15)
1.0
0.8
2.6
2.1
9.7
7.7
15
12
19
15
(1.1)
(0.9)
(2.8)
(2.3)
(11)
(8.5)
(16)
(13)
(21)
(17)
Capital
costs
($1,000)
437
548
724
836
1,478
1,591
1,905
2,020
2,292
2,408
0 & M costs ($l,000/yr)
Fuel
147
144
367
361
733
722
1.100
1.083
1,467
1,443
Nonfuel
174
225
230
281
274
324
318
369
361
413
Total
321
369
597
642
1,007
1,046
1,418
1,452
1,828
1,856
Annual Ized
cost
($l,000/yr)
391
455
714
775
1,249
1,304
1,730
1,779
2,202
2,246
4A11 costs are In June 1985 dollars.
Costs for continuous compliance. Including Appendix F. are Included with LEA costs. The detailed excess
emission costs can be calculated by subtracting $10,000 from the Capital costs, $17,000 from the O&M costs,
and $18,000 from the AnnualIzed costs for LEA.
cReference 2.
LEA = Low excess air
-------
TABLE 7. MODEL BOILER NOX COST ANALYSIS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
COMMERCIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR3
Annual NO Capital
Emission factor0 em
-------
TABLE 8. COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
COMMERCIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.26 CAPACITY FACTOR3
f* fi
Continuous compliance Excess emission reporting
Average Average
Annual Annual 1zed 'cost . Annuallzed cost .
Boiler size/control Emission factor emissions cost effectiveness cost effectiveness
ng/J(lb/MMBtu) Mg/yr (ton/yr) <$1000/yr) $/Mg ($/ton) ($1000/yr) $/Mg ($/ton)
2.9 MW ( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 43 (0.10) 1.0 (1.1) 391 - - 391
LEA 34 (0.08) 0.8 (0.9) 455 314.000 (285,000) 437 225,000 (205.000)
7.3 MW ( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 43 (0.10) 2.6 (2.8) 714 714
LEA 34 (0.08) 2.1 (2.3) 775 120,000 (108.500) 757 84,300 (76.500)
i—•
00 15 MW ( 50 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 81 (0.19) 10 (11) 1,249 - - 1249
LEA 64 (0.15) 7.7 (8.5) 1,304 26,800 (24,300) 1286 18,000 (16,400)
22 Mrf ( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 81 (0.19) 15 (16) 1,730 - - 1730
LEA 64 (0.15) 12 (13) 1,779 15,900 (14,400) 1761 10,070 (9,140)
29 MW (100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 81 (0.19) 19 (21) 2,202 - - 2202
LEA 64 (0.15) 15 (17) 2,246 10,720 (9,720) 2228 6,330 (5,750)
aAll costs are In June 1985 dollars.
Reference 2.
°Costs Include emission monitoring requirements for showing continuous compliance. Including Appendix F.
Cost Increase associated with application of LEA control divided by the amount of emission reduction achieved.
eCosts Include excess emission reporting requirements.
-------
TABLE 9. COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR NATURAL GAS-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
COMMERCIAL FUEL PRICES AND 0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR3
Continuous compliance0 Excess emission reporting6
Average
Annual Annual 1 zed cost
Average
Annual 1 zed cost
cost effectiveness cost effectiveness
Boiler size/control Emission factor emissions
ng/J(lb/MMBtu) Mg/yr (ton/yr) <$1000/yr) $/Mg ($/ton) ($1000/yr) $/Mg ($/ton)
2.9 MM ( 10 MMBtu/hr)
7.3 MM
15 MM
22 MM
29 MM
Baseline
LEA
( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( SO MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
(100 MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
43
34
43
34
61
64
81
64
81
64
(0.10)
(0.08)
(0.10)
(0.08)
(0.19)
(0.15)
(0.19)
(0.15)
(0.19)
(0.15)
2.2
1.6
5.5
4.4
21
17
31
25
42
33
(2.4)
(1.9)
(6.1)
(4.9)
(23)
(18)
(35)
(27)
(46)
(37)
602
663
1,189
1,243
2.148
2.189
3.052
3,082
3,948
3,966
-
139,000 (126.000)
-
49,100 (44.600)
-
9,270 (8,410)
-
4,520 (4,100)
-
2,040 (1,850)
602
645
1189
1225
2148
2171
3052
3064
3948
3948
*
97.800 (88.800)
-
32.800 (29.700)
-
5.200 (4,720)
-
1.809 (1,642)
-
0 0
aAll costs are In June 1985 dollars.
Reference 2.
cCosts Include emission monitoring requirements for showing continuous compliance. Including Appendix F.
Cost Increase associated with application of LEA control divided by the amount of emission reduction achieved.
6Costs Include excess emission reporting requirements.
-------
TABLE 10. MODEL BOILER NOX COST ANALYSIS FOR DISTILLATE OIL-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
0.26 CAPACITY FACTOR3'b
ro
o
Boiler
2.9 MM
7.3 MM
15 MW
22 MW
29 MW
size/control
( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA3
( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
( 50 MM3tu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
(100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
Emission factor0
ng/J (Ib/MMBtu)
94
77
94
77
56
43
56
43
56
43
(0.22)
(0.18)
(0.22)
(0.18)
(0.13)
(0.10)
(0.13)
(0.10)
(0.13)
(0.10)
Annual NO
em1ss1onsx
Mg/yr (tons/yr)
2.3
1.8
5.6
4.6
6.7
5.1
10
7.7
13
10
(2.5)
(2.0)
(6.2)
(5.1)
(7.4)
(5.6)
(11)
(8.5)
(15)
(11)
Capital
costs
($1,000)
437
548
724
835
1,477
1,590
1.904
2,019
2,290
2,406
0 & M costs (U.OOO/yr)
Fuel
145
142
362
356
724
712
1,086
1,068
1.449
1,424
Nonfuel
174
225
231
281
274
325
318
369
361
412
Total
319
367
593
637
998
1,037
1,404
1,437
1,810
1,836
Annual 1 zed
cost
($l,000/yr)
389
453
710
770
1.240
1.294
1,716
1,765
2,184
2,227
aAll costs are In June 1985 dollars.
Costs for continuous compliance. Including Appendix F, are Included with LEA costs. The detailed excess
emission costs can be calculated by subtracting (10,000 from the Capital costs, $17,000 from the O&M costs,
and $18,000 from the Annual 1 zed costs for LEA.
Reference 2.
LEA = Low excess air
-------
TABLE 11. MODEL BOILER NOX COST ANALYSIS FOR DISTILLATE OIL-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR3'b
ro
Boiler size/control
2.9 MW ( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA3
7.3 MW ( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
15 MM ( 50 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
22 MW ( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
29 MW (100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
Emission factor0
ng/J (Ib/MMBtu)
94
77
94
77
56
43
56
43
56
43
(0.22)
(0.18)
(0.22)
(0.18)
(0.13)
(0.10)
(0.13)
(0.10)
(0.13)
(0.10)
Annual NO
emissions
Mg/yr (tons/yr)
4.8
3.9
12
10
14
11
21
16
28
22
(5.3)
(4.3)
(13)
(11)
(16)
(12)
(23)
(18)
(31)
(24)
Capital
costs
($1,000)
459
569
769
880
1,559
1.671
2,022
2,135
2,444
2,558
0 & M costs ($1
Fuel
306
301
766
753
1,532
1.506
2.298
2,260
3,064
3.013
Nonfuel
220
270
292
343
346
397
401
452
456
506
,000/yr)
Total
526
571
1.058
1.096
1.878
1.903
2,699
2,712
3.520
3,519
Annual Ized
cost
($l,000/yr)
598
659
•
1,179
1,233
2,128
2,169
3,023
3,051
3,909
3,925
aAll costs are In June 1985 dollars.
"Costs for continuous compliance. Including Appendix F, are Included with LEA costs. The detailed excess
emission costs can be calculated by subtracting $10,000 from the Capital costs, $17.000 from the O&M costs,
and $18,000 from the AnnualIzed costs for LEA.
cReference 2.
LEA = Low excess air
-------
TABLE 12. COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR DISTILLATE OIL-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
0.26 CAPACITY FACTOR*
Continuous compliance0 Excess emission reporting6
Averaage Averaage
Annual Annual 1 zed cost Annual 1 zed cost
Boiler size/control Emission factor emissions cost effectiveness cost effectiveness
ng/Jdb/MMBtu) Mg/yr (ton/yr) ($1000/yr) $/Mg ($/ton) (JlOOO/yr) $/Mg ($/ton)
2.9 MM ( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 94 (0.22) 2.3 (2.5) 389 389
LEA 77 (0.18) 1.8 (2.0) 453 156.000 (141,000) 435 112,000 (102,000)
7.3 MW ( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 94 (0.22) 5.6 (6.2) 710 710
LEA 77 (0.18) 4.6 (5.1) 770 58,500 (53,000) 752 40,900 (37,100)
15 MW ( 50 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 56 (0.13) 6.7 (7.4) 1,240 - - 1,240
LEA 43 (0.10) 5.1 (5.6) 1,294 34,900 (31,600) 1,276 23,200 (21,100)
22 MW ( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 56 (0.13) 10 (11) 1,716 - - 1.716
LEA 43 (0.10) 7.7 (8.5) 1,765 21,100 (19,100) 1,747 13,300 (12,110)
29 MW (100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 56 (0.13) 13 (15) 2,184 - - 2,184
LEA 43 (0.10) 10 (11) 2,227 13,900 (12,600) 2,209 8,070 (7,320)
aAll costs are In June 1985 dollars.
Reference 2.
°Costs Include emission monitoring requirements for showing continuous compliance. Including Appendix F.
Cost Increase associated with application of LEA control divided by the amount of emission reduction achieved.
6Costs Include excess emission reporting requirements.
-------
TABLE 13. COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR DISTILLATE OIL-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR3
ro
co
Continuous compliance0 Excess emission reporting6
Boiler size/control
Averaage Average
Annual Annual 1 zed cost . Annual 1zed cost
Emission factor emissions cost effectiveness cost effectiveness
ng/J
-------
TABLE 14. MODEL BOILER NOX COST FOR RESIDUAL OIL-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
0.26 CAPACITY FACTOR*'b
ro
Boiler
2.9 MW
7.3 MW
15 VU
22 MW
29 MM
size/control
( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA3
( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( 50 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
(100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
Emission factor0
ng/J (Ib/MMBtu)
128
103
128
103
180
145
180
145
180
145
(0.30)
(0.24)
(0.30)
(0.24)
(0.42)
(0.34)
(0.42)
(0.34)
(0.42)
(0.34)
Annual NO*
emissions
Mg/yr (tons/yr)
3.1
2.5
7.7
6.2
22
17
32
26
43
35
(3.4)
(2.7)
(8.5)
(6.8)
(24)
(19)
(36)
(29)
(47)
(38)
Capital
costs
($1,000)
•
447
558
738
850
1,492
1,605
1,917
2,032
2,300
2,416
0 & M costs ($1
Fuel
111
. 109
278
273
556
546
834
820
1,111
1,093
Nonfuel
174
225
230
282
273
325
317
369
361
412
,000/yr)
Total
285
334
508
555
829
871
1,151
1,189
1,472
1,505
Annual 1 zed
cost
($l,000/yr)
358
422
628
690
1,075
1,132
1,467
1,520
1,850
1,899
All costs are In June 1985 dollars.
Costs for continuous compliance. Including Appendix F, are Included with LEA costs. The detailed excess
emission costs can be calculated by subtracting $10,000 from the Capital costs, $17,000 from the O&M costs,
and $18,000 from the AnnualIzed costs for LEA.
^Reference 2.
LEA = Low excess air
-------
TABLE 15. MODEL BOILER NOX COST FOR RESIDUAL OIL-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
0.55 CAPACITY FACTORa'b
ro
en
Boiler
2.9 HW
7.3 MW
15 MW
22 MW
29 MW
size/control
( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA3
( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( 50 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Basel 1ne
LEA
(100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
Emission factor0
ng/J (Ib/MMBtu)
128
103
128
103
180
145
180
145
180
145
(0.30)
(0.24)
(0.30)
(0.24)
(0.42)
(0.34)
(0.42)
(0.34)
(0.42)
(0.34)
Annual NOX
emissions
Mg/yr (tons/yr)
6.5
5.2
16
13
46
37
68
55
91
74
(7.2)
(5.7)
(18)
(14)
(50)
(41)
(75)
(61)
(100)
(81)
Capital
costs
($1.000)
466
577
776
887
1,558
1,671
2.011
2,125
2,422
2,537
0 4 M costs ($l,000/yr)
Fuel
235
231
588
578
1,176
1,156
1,763
1,734
2,351
2,312
Nonfuel
219
270
291
342
345
397
402
452
456
506
Total
454
501
879
920
1,521
1,553
2.165
2,186
2,807
2,818
Annual Ized
cost
($l,000/yr)
529
591
1.003
1,060
1,774
1,820
2,489
2,527
3,197
3,225
All costs are In June 1985 dollars.
Costs for continuous compliance. Including Appendix F, are Included with LEA costs. The detailed excess
emission costs can be calculated by subtracting $10,000 from the Capital costs. $17,000 from the O&M costs,
and $18,000 from the AnnualIzed costs for LEA.
cReference 2.
dLEA = Low excess air
-------
TABLE 16. COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR RESIDUAL OIL-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
0.26 CAPACITY FACTOR
a
en
Continuous compliance0 Excess emission reporting6
Average Average
Annual Annual 1zed cost . Annual 1zed cost ,
Boiler size/control Emission factor emissions cost effectiveness cost effectiveness
ng/J(lb/MMBtu) Mg/yr (ton/yr) ($1000/yr) $/Mg ($/ton) ($1000/yr) $/Mg ($/ton)
2.9 MM ( 10 MMBtu/hr)
7.3 MM
15 MM
22 MM
29 MM
Baseline
LEA
( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
( 50 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA.
( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
(100 MMBtu/hr)
Basel 1ne
LEA
128
103
128
103
180
145
180
145
180
145
(0.30)
(0.24)
(0.30)
(0.24)
(0.42)
(0.34)
(0.42)
(0.34)
(0.42)
(0.34)
3.1
2.5
7.7
6.2
22
17
32
26
43
35
(3.4)
(2.7)
(8.5)
(6.8)
(24)
(19)
(36)
(29)
(47)
(38)
358
422
628
690
1,075
1,132
1,467
1.520
1.850
1.899
-
104,000 (94.000)
-
40.300 (36.600)
-
13,900 (12.600)
-
8.610 (7,810)
- -
5,970 (5,410)
358
404
628
672
1,075
1.114
1,467
1,502
1.850
1,881
-
75.000
-
28.600
-
9.500
-
5,680
-
3,780
-
(68,000)
-
(26,000)
-
(8,620)
-
(5.160)
-
(3.430)
aAll costs are In June 1985 dollars.
Reference 2.
GCosts Include emission monitoring requirements for showing continuous compliance. Including Appendix F.
Cost Increase associated with the application of LEA control divided by the amount of emission reduction achieved.
6Costs Include excess emission reporting requirements.
-------
TABLE 17. COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR RESIDUAL OIL-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR*
Continuous compliance0 Excess emission reporting6
Average Average
. Annual Annual 1 zed cost . Annual 1 zed cost .
Boiler size/control Emission factor emissions cost effectiveness cost effectiveness
ng/J(lb/MMBtu) Mg/yr (ton/yr) <$1000/yr) $/Mg ($/ton) ($1000/yr) $/Mg ($/ton)
2.9 MW ( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 128
LEA 103
7.3 MW ( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 128
LEA 103
15 MA ( 50 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 180
C3 LEA 145
22 MW ( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 180
LEA 145
29 MW (100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline 180
LEA 145
(0.30)
(0.24)
(0.30)
(0.24)
(0.42)
(0.34)
(0.42)
(0.34)
(0.42)
(0.34)
6.5 (7.2)
5.2 (5.7)
16
13
68
55
91
74
(18)
(14)
(75)
(61)
(100)
(81)
529
591
1,003
1.060
48.000 (43.000)
529
573
1,003
34,000 (31,000)
17,500 (15,900) 1,042 12,000 (10,900)
46 (50) 1.774 - - 1,774
37 (41) 1,820 5,300 (4,810) 1,802 3,220 (2,930)
2,489
2,527
3,197
3,225
2,920 (2,650)
1,612 (1,463)
2,489
2,509
3.197
3,207
1,535 (1,393)
576
(522)
All costs are In June 1985 dollars.
Reference 2.
°Costs Include emission monitoring requirements for showing continuous compliance. Including Appendix F.
Cost Increase associated with application of LEA control divided by the amount of emission reduction achieved.
Costs Include excess emission reporting requirements.
-------
ro
oo
TABLE 18. MODEL BOILER NOX COST ANALYSIS FOR COAL-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
0.26 CAPACITY FACTOR3'b
Boiler
2.9 MM
7.3 MW
15 Mrf
22 MW
29 MM
size/control
( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA3
( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
( 50 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
(100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
Emission factor0
ng/J (Ib/MMBtu)
141
115
141
US
218
175
218
175
218
175
(0.33)
(0.27)
(0.33)
(0.27)
(0.51)
(0.41)
(0.51)
(0.41)
(0.51)
(0.41)
Annual NOX
emissions
Mg/yr (tons/yr)
3.4
2.8
8.5
6.9
26
21
39
32
52
42
(3.7)
(3.1)
(9.3)
(7.6)
(29)
(23)
(43)
(35)
(58)
(46)
Capital
costs
($1,000)
1,508
1,622
2,706
2,823
4,816
4,935
6,931
7,054
8,905
9,030
0 & M costs ($1
Fuel
57
56
143
141
286
281
429
422
572
563
Nonfuel
269
320
373
424
567
619
633
685
707
759
,000/yr)
Total
326
376
516
565
853
900
1,062
1,107
1,279
1,322
Annual 1 zed
cost
($1 ,000/yr)
575
641
964
1,029
1,653
1,717
2,216
2,278
2,763
2,823
All costs are In June 1985 dollars.
Costs for continuous compliance. Including Appendix F, are Included with LEA costs. The detailed excess
emission costs can be calculated by subtracting $10,000 from the Capital costs, $17,000 from the O&M costs,
and $18,000 from the Annual!zed costs for LEA.
Reference 2.
LEA = Low excess air
-------
TABLE 19. MODEL BOILER NOX COST ANALYSIS FOR COAL-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR8'b
ro
Boiler
2.9 MM
7.3 MW
15 MM
O9 LU
£«. PWi
29 MM
size/control
( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA3
( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
( 50 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
(100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
"All costs are In June 1985
Annual NO
Emission factor0 em1ss1onsx
ng/J (Ib/MMBtu) Mg/yr (tons/yr)
141
115
141
115
218
175
218
175
218
175
(0.33)
(0.27)
(0.33)
(0.27)
(0.51)
(0.41)
(0.51)
(0.41)
(0.51)
(0.41)
7.2
5.9
18
15
55
44
83
67
111
89
(7.9)
(6.5)
(20)
(16)
(61)
(49)
(91)
(74)
(122)
(98)
Capital
costs
($1,000)
1,526
1,641
2,739
2,855
4,867
4,986
6,999
7,121
8,989
9,114
0 & M costs ($l,000/yr)
Fuel
121
119
302
298
605
595
907
893
1,209
1,191
Nonfuel
334
385
468
518
694
746
775
826
865
916
Total
455
504
770
816
1,299
1.341
1,682
1.719
2.074
2,107
Annual Ized
cost
($l,000/yr)
1
1
706
771
,222
,284
2,104
2,163
2
2
3
3
,842
,897
,566
,617
dollars.
Costs for continuous compliance, Including Appendix
emission costs can be calculated by subtracting $10
and $18,000 from the Annual 1 zed costs for LEA.
F, are Included with
,000 from the Capital
LEA costs. The
costs, $17,000
detailed excess
from the O&M costs.
GReference 2.
•lira = i
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TABLE 20. COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR COAL-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
0.26 CAPACITY FACTOR3
CO
o
f* Q
Continuous compliance Excess emission reporting
Average Average
Annual Annual 1 zed cost . Annual 1 zed cost .
Boiler size/control Emission factor emissions cost effectiveness cost effectiveness
ng/J(lb/MMBtu) Mg/yr (ton/yr) ($1000/yr) $/Mg (S/ton) ($1000/yr) $/Mg (S/ton)
2.9 MM
7.3 MM
15 MM
22 Mrf
29 W
( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
( 50 MM3tu/hr)
Basel Ine
LEA
( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
(100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
141
115
141
115
218
175
218
175
218
175
(0.33)
(0.;27)
(0.33)
(0.27)
(0.51)
(0.41)
(0.51)
(0.41)
(0.51)
(0.41)
3.4
2.8
8.5
6.9
26
21
39
32
52
42
(3.7)
(3.1)
(9.3)
(7.6) .
(29)
(23)
(43)
(35)
(58)
(46)
575
641
964
1,029
1,653
1,717
2,216
2,278
2,763
2,823
575
107,000 (97.000) 623
964
42,300 (38,400) 1,011
1,653
12,500 (11,300) 1,699
2,216
8,060 (7,320) 2,260
2,763
5,850 (5,310) 2.805
-
78.100 (70.900)
-
30.600 (27.800)
-
8.970 (8.140)
-
5.720 (5.190)
-
4,100 (3,720)
aAll costs are In June 1985 dollars.
Reference 2.
GCosts Include emission monitoring requirements for showing continuous compliance, Including Appendix F.
Cost Increase associated with application of LEA control divided by the amount of emission reduction achieved.
Costs Include excess emission reporting requirements.
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TABLE 21. COST-EFFECTIVENESS RESULTS FOR COAL-FIRED BOILERS IN REGION V
0.55 CAPACITY FACTOR*
Continuous compliance0 Excess emission reporting8
Average
Annual 1zed cost
emissions cost effectiveness cost effectiveness
Average
Annual Annual 1zed cost
Boiler size/control Emission factor
ng/J(lb/MMBtu) Mg/yr (ton/yr) <$1000/yr) $/Mg ($/ton) ($1000/yr) $/Mg ($/ton)
2.9 MM
7.3 MH
15 MW
22 MW
29 MW
( 10 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( 25 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( 50 MM3tu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
( 75 MMBtu/hr)
Basel tne
LEA
(100 MMBtu/hr)
Baseline
LEA
141
115
141
115
218
175
218
175
218
175
(0.33)
(0.27)
(0.33)
(0.27)
(0.51)
(0.41)
(0.51)
(0.41)
(0.51)
(0.41)
7.2
5.9
18
15
55
44
83
67
111
89
(7.9)
(6.5)
(20)
(16)
(61)
(49)
(91)
(74)
(122)
(98)
706
771
1.222
1,284
2,104
2,163
2,842
2,897
3,566
3,617
-
50,000
-
19,100
-
5,440
-
3,380
-
2,350
-
(45,000)
-
(17,300)
-
(4,940)
-
(3,070)
-
(2,130)
706
753
1,222
1.266
2.104
2,145
2,842
2,879
3,566
3,599
-
36,100
-
13.500
-
3,780
-
2.270
-
1.520
-
(32.800)
-
(12,300)
-
(3.430)
-
(2.060)
-
(1,380)
All costs are 1n June 1985 dollars.
^Reference 2.
"Costs Include emission monitoring requirements for showing continuous compliance. Including Appendix F.
Cost Increase associated with application of LEA control divided by the amount of emission reduction achieved.
9Costs Include excess emission reporting requirements.
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA/450-3-89-16
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Model Boiler Cost Analysis for Controlling
Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) Emissions from Small
Steam Generating Units
5. REPORT DATE
Mav 1989
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Emission Standards Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-4378
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Office of Air and Radiation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/200/04
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This report presents estimates of the cost and cost effectiveness associated
with controlling nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from small coal-, oil-, and gas-
fired industrial-commercial-institutional steam generating units (small boilers).
The report was prepared during development of proposed new source performance
standards (NSPS) for small boilers (boilers with heat input capacities of 100
million Btu/hour or less).
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Pollution Control
Standards of Performance
Steam Generating Units
Industrial Boilers
Small Boilers
Air Pollution Control
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release unlimited
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