&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-450/4-79-005
February 1979
An
SAROAD
Storage and Retrieval of Aerometric Data
Information
-------
EPA-450/4-79-005
SAROAD
Storage and Retrieval of Aerometric Data
Information
National Air Data Branch
Monitoring and Data Analysis Division
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air, Noisfe, and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
-------
This report is issued by the Environmental Protection Agency to report technical data of interest to
a limited number of readers. Copies are available - in limited quantities - from the Library Services
Office (MD-35), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711; or, for a fee, from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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CONTENTS
Page
List of Figures v
Introduction 1
Overview of the Storage and Retrieval of Aerometric Data System 3
Air Quality Data Publications ... 11
Procedures for Requesting Computerized Reports 17
SAROAD Computerized Reports 21
Raw Data Less Than 24 Hours 23
Raw Data Listing Greater Than or Equal To 24 Hours 25
Standards Violations Reports : 29
Site Description Inventory 33
Raw Data in SAROAD Format .... 35
Meteorological Raw Data Reports 39
Yearly Frequency Distribution 44
Quarterly Frequency Distribution 47
Yearly Report by Quarters 50
Inventory Reports 53
Summary Report of Valid Data 58
Summary of Monitoring Activity 60
Active Site Report 62
Additional References 65
Glossary 67
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 SAROAD Site Identification Form 4
2 SAROAD Daily Data Form 7
3 SAROAD Hourly Data Form 8
4 Quarterly Reports 12
5 Annual Statistics 14
6 Site Directory 15
7 Air Quality Data Report Format ... 16
8 Raw Data Less Than 24 Hours Report . 24
9 Data for 24-Hour Report 27
10 Data for Composite Report . 28
11 Standards Report - Paniculate Sampling ... 31
12 Standards Report - 3-Hour Averages for Sulfur Dioxide . ..... 32
13 Site Description Inventory Report . . . . . . 34
14 SAROAD Daily Data Form 36
15 SAROAD Composite Data Form 37
16 SAROAD Hourly Data Form . 38
17 Meteorological Raw Data Format . . . . . 41
18 Meteorological Raw Data Report 42
19 Meteorological Raw Data Plot 43
20 Yearly Frequency Distribution Report Format . 46
21 Quarterly Frequency Distribution Report Format . . 49
22 Yearly Report by Quarters Report Format 52
23 Inventory by Site Report 55
24 Inventory by Pollutant Report . ... . . 56
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Figure Page
25 State Inventory by Pollutant 57
26 Summary Report of Valid Data 59
27 Summary of Monitoring Activity Report .' 61
28 Active Site Report 63
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Introduction
Storage and Retrieval of Aerometric Data
(SAROAD) is an automated data processing system
utilized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agen-
cy for storage of data concerning concentrations of
air pollutants in the atmosphere. SAROAD is a part
of the comprehensive Aerometric and Emissions Re-
porting System (AEROS), described in detail in a
booklet "Aerometric and Emissions Reporting
System", which is available upon request.
Air quality data are collected by monitoring net-
works operated by various State and local air pollu-
tion control agencies. Collection and reporting of
these data are required by the Clean Air Act and U.S.
EPA regulations for State Implementation Plans
(SIPS).l After passing edit and validation checks,
which are performed by the Regional Office, the data
are forwarded to National Air Data Branch (NADB),
Monitoring and Data Analysis Division, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina, where they are stored on the
UNIVAC 1110 Computer. After storage on the com-
puter, the data are available for analysis through an-
nual publications and computerized reports.
This booklet is designed for people who are un-
familiar with SAROAD to provide an explanation of
the system and an example of the computerized re-
ports that are available upon request. To meet these
objectives, this booklet includes: (1) an overview of
data contained in SAROAD, (2) an explanation of
air quality publications, (3) a description of proce-
dures for requesting SAROAD data, and (4) a de-
scription and example of SAROAD computerized
reports. A list of additional references is provided
for background information, and a glossary of terms
is provided to help familiarize the user with terms
used in data processing and air quality data.
'Federal Register, Volume 38, No. 149, Friday, August 3,
1973, pp. 20834 and 20835.
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Overview of the Storage and Retrieval of Aerometric
Data System
General Description
Storage and Retrieval of Aerometric Data
(SAROAD) is a computerized data handling system
that accepts, stores, and reports information on con-
centrations of pollutants in the ambient air. The sys-
tem contains data for most substances that have been
routinely measured in the ambient air, but the largest
volume of data is for the "criteria" pollutants (parti-
culate, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen di-
oxide, hydrocarbons, and ozone).
SAROAD contains two major classes of data:
sampling site information and ambient air quality
data. These two classes of data are stored separately
but are retrievable by site code, a number that is a
unique identifier for each site. In addition to the site
code, the air quality data have additional codes that
indicate the specific pollutant sampled and the meth-
od utilized to analyze for the pollutant.
SAROAD Site File
The SAROAD site file contains descriptive infor-
mation on the sampling site and its environment.
These data are collected by the control agency when
the sampling site is established or when the informa-
tion changes and are reported to the Regional Office
on the form in Figure 1. The resulting data cards are
forwarded to NADB and are stored in the site file.
As indicated by the site identification form, the
site file contains information such as the site's ad-
dress, city name, county name, city population, geo-
graphical coordinates (both latitude-longitude and
UTM coordinates), supporting agency, station type,
sampler elevation above sea level and above ground
level, EPA Region, AQCR code, state code, area code,
county code, site code, agency code, and project
code. The identifier for each site includes the codes
for state, area, site, agency, and project. The identi-
fier is determined from the following criteria:
1. State code — state in which the site is located.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
THE REPORT IS REQUIRED BY LAW
42 USC t*S7;40CFR51 * SI
R«M«ch Triangle Pwk, N.C. 27711
SAROAO Sita Idimiflcnion Fom
,. ill 1
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ie 17 IB 19 ID mzz n w » » 77 a H u> n J7 jj 34 is » n w » w 11 *:
14 56 S6 S7 U )0
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1*73 « 75JT6 77 Tt
55 be 57 si afe sue: H MISS 64 S7 st eg TO n T: 73 7* 75 x 77 7g
Figure 1. SAROAD Site Identification Form
4
-------
2. Area code — city code in which the site is lo-
cated, or the county code if not located in a
city.
3. Site code - code from 001 to 999, which is
uniquely assigned for each site within an area.
4. Agency code — alphabetic code for the type
(state, county, city) of agency that performs
the laboratory analysis.
5. Project code — code to indicate the type (pop-
ulation oriented, source oriented, etc.) of
sampling.
The site file currently contains data for approxi-
mately 12,000 sites; roughly 4000 are currently op-
erational. The sites that are not operational are re-
tained to maintain as large a data base as possible for
establishing trends in ambient air quality around the
nation. The site file is utilized (1) to ensure that the
site has been registered before any data can be stored
for the site and (2) to provide a description of the site
with the air quality data to help in correlation of the
air quality data with the surrounding site
environment.
Ambient Air Quality Data
The air quality data files contain data on concen-
trations of pollutants for some sites as early as 1957
and for most state sites since 1970. All state agencies
are required to submit quarterly reports for all air
quality data gathered from air quality surveillance
networks required under State Implementation Plans.
All data are submitted in standardized formats as
shown in Figures 2 and 3. These forms contain space
for two categories of information: identifier and
data. The identifier includes the site code as regis-
tered on the site file, the parameter code, the meth-
od code, the units in which the data are reported, the
sampling interval, and the date on which the sample
was taken. The parameter code represents the unique
code assigned to each pollutant, and the method code
defines the procedure utilized to collect the sample
and analyze it for the specific pollutant. The sam-
pling time interval identifies the time period which
the data value represents and varies from 1-hour aver-
ages obtained from continuous monitoring instru-
ments to samples collected for a day, week, month,
or quarter. The data are the actual average concentra-
tion of the pollutant for the specific hour, day, week,
etc.
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
National Aerometric Data Bank
Research Triangle Park. N. C. 27711
5AROAD Daily Data Form
THE REPORT IS REQUIRED E
42 USC 1857; 40 CFR 51
24-hour or .ilur sampling mlervnl
m
1 Agency
City Nome
Sue Address A^
Project Time Interval
)YLAW
OMB No. 158-R0012
Approval expires 2/77.
Stale Arcn Site
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-------
THE REPORT IS REQUIRED BY LAW
42 USC 1857:40 CFR 51
Less than 24-hour sampling interval
m
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Agency
City Name
ENVlltONIIENTAL PROTECTION AGEXCT
National Awenotric DM* tank
HMMJdi Trimjlo to*. N. C. 27711
SAJtOAD Hourly Oat" Form
Slate Area
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Sue Address
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Figure 3. SAROAD Hourly Data Form.
8
CV3\'o. 15C-ROO-2
Approval expires 2/77.
-------
Data reported to EPA Regional Offices by state
agencies are edited by computer to ensure that the
identifiers are valid assigned codes and to ensure that
the data values are within reasonable bounds. The
data are forwarded to NADB for storage in the raw
data files of the computer. The computer is utilized
to create a summary file of quarterly and annual in-
formation which includes the maximum value, mini-
mum value, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, arith-
metic standard deviation, geometric standard devia-
tion, frequency distribution, and counts of violations
of National Ambient Air Quality Standards for each
quarter and year for each site-pollutant-method com-
bination from the raw data files.
The computerized reports described in this book-
let are created from the data stored on the site file,
raw data files, and summary file.
-------
Air Quality Data
Publications
Air quality data publications are compiled quarter-
ly and annually from SAROAD for efficient distribu-
tion of commonly utilized data. The publications in-
clude Air Quality Data — 19XX-XXX Quarter Statis-
tics, Air Quality Data - 19XX Annual Statistics. Di-
rectory of Air Quality Monitoring Sites Active in
197X, and Air Quality Data For Non-Criteria Pollut-
ants 19XX through 19XX. Persons interested in ob-
taining air quality data should first determine wheth-
er existing publications provide the information de-
sired. The existing publications have the advantage of
being readily available at little or no cost to the user,
but have the disadvantage of being representative of a
given time period and may not reflect the current
status of the data files. If the publications do not
satisfy the specific need, the client should evaluate
the SAROAD computerized reports and request the
useful ones utilizing the procedures in the following
section. Copies of these publications are available
from:
Library Services Office (MD-35)
Office of Administration
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
FTS: 629-2777
Commercial: (919) 541-2777
or
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
FTS: 557-4650
Commercial: (703) 557-4650
Air Quality Data — Quarterly
Statistics
Published quarterly by EPA, this report contains
quarterly summary statistics for the air quality data
generated by State and local agencies as required by
EPA Regulations for State Implementation Plans.
This publication makes particulate, carbon monoxide,
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrocarbons, and
oxidant data available to all agencies and the public.
It provides a one-line summary for each site-pollutant
combination and is sorted by pollutant, method of
collection and analysis. State, Air Quality Control
Region, area, and site. Figure 4 is an example of the
report format.
11
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12
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Air Quality Data — Annual
Statistics
Air Quality Data for Non-Criteria
Pollutants
Published annually by EPA, this report contains
the same information as the quarterly statistics but
for a calendar year. Beginning with the 1975 Annual
Statistics, another report was combined with the orig-
inal format. The report is also by pollutant for parti-
culate, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen di-
oxide, and oxidants and summarizes violations of the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Figure 5 is
an example of this report format.
This publication contains several years of data and
is not published on a fixed schedule. Designed to be
an inventory of the individual pollutants analyzed
from the particulates collected on high-volume filters,
this publication is also organized by pollutant, state,
site, and year. Figure 7 is an example of this report
format.
Directory of Active Air Monitoring
Sites
Published annually by EPA, this publication con-
tains the complete site description for any site that
has reported data to SAROAD for the specific year.
In addition to the site description, the pollutants,
method of collection and analysis, time interval,
units, and number of observations are also listed for
each site. The sites are listed in alphabetical order
by state and alphabetically within each state. Figure
6 is an example of this report format.
Beginning in March 1979 the "Air Quality Data-
Annual Statistics", will be the only routine air qual-
ity data publication published by the National Air
Data Branch. Computerized reports are available to
replace these publications.
13
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MR
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JAC«SON CO
JACKSON CO
jACrsoN co
L'HOERDALE CO
LAUDE90ALE CO
CAWREUCE Co
MUSCLE SHOALS
RUSSELLVILLE
SCOTTSSORn
SCOTTSBORO
COOKEVILLE
fOOKEvlLLE
C»?5SvILLE
CUHKE»LAND CO
HC "I-JNVILLE
HlRtOK CO
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Figure 5. Annual Statistics.
14
-------
ALABAMA
.11*1 llfclMJ
Figure 6. Site Directory.
15
-------
state
SITf cm>r
i»Ci
"lOtronOi i«miLu*it*
riniypooi »HNi^TO"
niP3«opoi otssr^t*
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. 1
.1
Figure 7. Air Quality Data Report Format
16
-------
Procedures for Requesting Computerized Reports
The computerized reports described in the next
section may be requested from EPA Regional Offices
or the National Air Data Branch. If the data are for
states within the area of one EPA Regional Office,
the request should be directed to that Regional Of-
fice. Regional Office addresses and the States in each
region are given in Table I. If the data are for states
in more than one EPA Region, the request should be
directed to:
Requests and Information Section (MD-14)
National Air Data Branch
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
FTS: 629-5491
Commercial: (919)5415491
All requests except those received from within
EPA or from other Federal agencies will be processed
in accordance with the Freedom of Information Act.
In order for a request to be evaluated and processed,
the request must be made in a letter; however, before
submitting the letter, a telephone call to the Regional
Office or NADB may be appropriate to discuss avail-
ability of data and possible new computerized
reports.
When requesting data by letter, the following
items must be specified:
1. Computerized report name, or if none specifi-
cally applies, the data items required.
2. Geographical area required for retrieval as well
as other retrieval options such as pollutants,
methods, intervals, and years. Whenever it is
possible, the actual codes for the retrievals
(state, AQCR, site, pollutant, and method)
should be specified. These are included in
AEROS Manual Series Volume V: AEROS
Manual of Codes.
3. Specific sorts desired.
4. Name of person to contact and telephone num-
ber in case questions arise.
5. Any time constraints involved.
17
-------
6. Authorization to assume cost of providing the
data.
Requests utilizing computerized reports are often
filled within 2 weeks. If a request requires more than
2 weeks, the requestor is notified.
Some requests, because of the large volume of data
created, are best supplied on magnetic tape. The sec-
tion on computerized reports specifies which reports
may be obtained on magnetic tape. In all requests
requiring magnetic tapes, the requestor must supply
the magnetic tapes and specify the characteristics of
the desired tapes. Since the magnetic tapes are cre-
ated on a UNI VAC 1110 computer, the characteris-
tics of the desired tapes include the following re-
cording options: (1) character code — ASCII or
EBCDIC, (2) tracks - 7 or 9, (3) density - 800 or
1600, and (4) unlabeled. The record length and
blocksize vary based on the specific report produced.
As a Federal agency, EPA normally makes no
charge for reports requested by other Federal agen-
cies; however, if a request is of major impact on
NADB's computer budget, NADB may request that
user and account codes be established by way of
interagency agreements.
Many SAROAD data users are non-Federal and
typically include state and local air pollution control
agencies, universities, contractors, private industry,
consultants, and private citizens. For non-Federal
users, except state and local air pollution control
agencies, a charge may be necessary to cover the costs
of retrieving and printing the requested data; if so,
the requestor will be notified before any cost is in-
curred. This booklet will not give specific costs for
individual reports since the retrieval and sort options
are so numerous for each individual report.
18
-------
Table 1. LIST OF REGIONAL OFFICES8
Regional location
EPA Region 1
60 Westview St.
Lexington, MA 02173
EPA Region II
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10007
EPA Region III
6th and Walnut St.
Philadelphia, PA 19106
EPA Region IV
345 Courtland St.
At!;mta, GA 30308
EPA Region V
230 S. Dearborn
Chicago, IL 60604
EPA Region VI
1201 Elm St.
Dallas, TX 75270
EPA Region VII
324 E. 11th St.
Kansas City, MO 64106
EPA Region VIII
1860 Lincoln St.
Denver, CO 80295
EPA Region IX
215 Fremont St.
San Francisco, CA 94105
EPA Region X
12006th Ave. (M/S413)
Seattle, WA 981 01
National Air Data Branch
Chief, Requests & Information Section
Research Triangle Park, NC 2771 1
Commercial
telephone
(617)861-6700
(212)264-9802
(215)597-9860
(404)881-2864
(312)353-1447
(214)749-3761
(816)374-3791
(303)837-2226
(415)5562270
(206)442-1580
(919)541 5395
FTS '
telephone .
861-6700
264-9800
597-8133
257-2864
353-2303
729-2724
7583791
327-2226
556-2326
399-1580
629-5395
aStates in each region are listed in Table 1 (continued).
-------
Table 1 (continued). LIST OF STATES IN EACH REGION
EPA Region I
EPA Region II
EPA Region III
EPA Region IV
EPA Region V
EPA Region VI
EPA Region VII
EPA Region VIII
EPA Region IX
EPA Region X
Connecticut
Maine
New Jersey
Virgin Islands
Delaware
District of Columbia
Alabama
Florida
South Carolina
Illinois
Indiana
Arkansas
Oklahoma
Iowa
Nebraska
Colorado
Montana
American Samoa
Arizona
Alaska
Washington
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New York
Maryland
Pennsylvania
Georgia
Kentucky
Tennessee
Minnesota
Michigan
Louisiana
Texas
Kansas
North Dakota
South Dakota
California
Guam
Idaho
Rhode Island
Vermont
Puerto Rico
Virginia
West Virginia
Mississippi
North Carolina
Ohio
Wisconsin
New Mexico
Missouri
Utah
Wyoming
Hawaii
Nevada
Oregon
-------
SAROAD Computerized Reports
Both raw data and summary reports can be ob-
tained from the computer. Options for retrieving
data vary slightly because of variations in the com-
puter programs.
Raw data reports list the actual stored data on
pollutant concentrations in the ambient atmos-
phere. They give the geographic location of the site,
as specified by the Site Code; the times and averag-
ing periods of the data; and the method of data col-
lection and analysis. Raw data reports include the
following:
1. Raw data for less than 24-hour averaging
periods.
2. Raw data for sampling periods equal to or
greater than 24 hours.
3. Standards-violations reports.
4. Site description inventory.
5. Raw data in SAROAD format.
6. Meteorological raw data report.
Summary reports list quarterly and annual sum-
mary statistics for individual sites and provide sum-
maries of available data on a state or national basis.
Summary reports include the following:
1. Yearly frequency distribution.
2. Quarterly frequency distribution.
3. Yearly report by quarters.
4. Inventory reports.
5. Summary report of valid data.
6. Summary of monitoring activities.
7. Active site report.
The remaining portion of this section describes the
individual reports giving the retrieval options, sort
options, and sample reports.
21
-------
Raw Data Less Than 24 Hours
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This report lists the hourly observations of pollut-
ant concentrations in 24 columns, 1 line per day, 1
month per page. The report may also be used, with
suitable modifications in format, for data recorded
for 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 8-, and 12-hour intervals. The head-
ing of the report contains: the name of the pollut-
ant; the pollutant/method code; the units used; the
method of collection and analysis; the name of the
state; the area; the site name and address; the com-
plete site, agency, and project code; the month and
year; and an identifier giving the averaging period of
the observational data (for example, "1-hour data
listing"). To the left of the 24-column body of the
report is a column giving the days of the month; to
the right are columns for the daily mean values and
the number of observations made each day. Below
the row for the last day of the month are rows, for
the average values for each hour, the number of ob-
servations made at each hour throughout the month,
and the maximum value occurring at each hour. In
the lower right-hand corner are the average value for
the entire month, the total number of observations
for the month, and the maximum value that oc-
curred in the month. Running averages from 1-hour
data can also be provided for periods of 3, 8,12, and
24 hours.
RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
This report may be retrieved by the following se-
lection criteria: nation, state, area, site, agency, pro-
ject, pollutant, method, interval, begin date, and end
date.
Most combinations of the above selection criteria
are valid, but the following combinations are invalid:
(1) area without state, (2) site without state/area,
(3) project without agency, and (4) method without
pollutant.
SORT OPTIONS
There are no optional sorts available. Data are
printed in the same order as the select cards are
submitted,
SAMPLE REPORT
Figure 8 shows a sample of this report for ozone
measurements at a site in Honolulu, Hawaii.
23
-------
SEF 12, 197P NATIONAL AEROHETH1C DATA BANK *A6£ 1
SEf 8, 1976 DATA bASE VERSION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY SELECT CARD 1
HAWAII
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JAN 1976
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Figure 8. Raw Data Less Than 24 Hours Report.
24
-------
Raw Data Listing Greater Than
or Equal To 24 Hours
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This report lists raw data observations for intervals
of 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, or
composite data. The data report format varies with
the sampling interval, but all intervals have the fol-
lowing items in common: (1) sampling interval in the
heading, (2) a complete site description following the
heading, and (3) the pollutant name, sample collec-
tion and analysis names, data reporting units, and the
minimum detectable value for the sampling method.
The report begins a new page with a change in inter-
val, site, or pollutant.
For 24-hour data, 1 year of data appears per page
in 13 columns, the first containing the days of the
month and the next 12 containing data for each
month of the year. For each month and the year,
the number of observations, the maximum value, and
the mean are listed. A monthly mean is computed
only if at least two observations are present, and the
yearly mean is calculated only if the yearly summary
criterion is met. The geometric mean is printed for
particulates, and the arithmetic mean is printed for
all other pollutants.
For the other reporting intervals, multiple years
can be listed per page. For these intervals, the
items listed include: the year; the month, week,
or sampling period, which is dependent on the inter-
val; the data value; and for composite data, the num-
ber of samples in the composite.
RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
This report may be retrieved by the following se-
lection criteria: nation, state, area, site, agency,
project, pollutant, method, interval, begin date, end
date, AQCR, and county.
Most combinations of the above selection criteria
are valid, but the following combinations are invalid:
(1) area or county without state, (2) site without
state/area, (3) project without agency, and (4) meth-
od without pollutant.
25
-------
The difference between a state/area and state/
county retrieval is important-a state/area selection
will give the sites in that area (city) while a state/
county selection will give all state/area combina-
tions located in that county.
SORT OPTIONS
No optional sorts are available. The standard sort
option for the selected data is by interval and by
site ID.
SAMPLE REPORTS
Figures 9 and 10 show a report retrieval for 24-
hour data and a quarterly composite report,
respectively.
26
-------
RUN D*Tf!Q*/!?/t*
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27
-------
* "r : n«/ ! ft ?
Figure 10. Data for Composite Report.
28
-------
Standards Violations Reports
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
These reports show, for each pollutant-site combi-
nation within the geographical region specified, the
number of occasions within the period of time speci-
fied when the National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ards (NAAQSs) were violated. Violations for pollut-
ants having both primary and secondary standards
are shown separately for each type of standard. The
standard format site description information appears
at the top of the sheet with the designation of pol-
lutant-interval combination above it, along with the
State Code and date of the data. Below the site de-
scription data, the body of the report consists of
columns of data containing the individual hourly or
daily observations for the pollutant in question. Ev-
ery time that the appropriate standard was exceeded,
a symbol (* or +) is placed beside the observation to
identify the time and date of the violation. For the
monthly reports, the number of observations and the
mean value are tabulated for each day at the right-
hand side of the paper; and the number of obser-
vations, maximum value, and arithmetic mean are
listed for each hour of the day at the bottom of each
column. For yearly reports, the same data are pro-
vided, but on a monthly basis. Below these figures
are given the total number of observations for the
month (or year), the percentage of possible obser-
vations, the number of times that the respective
standards were exceeded, the arithmetic or geometric
mean and standard deviation, as appropriate, with ac-
companying statements as to whether the primary
and secondary standards were met or exceeded (for
those pollutants having standards based on those
parameters). Along the bottom of the page, identi-
fications by name of the methods of collection and
analysis are given, together with a statement defin-
ing the time used (whether standard or daylight
saving).
The following reports are available:
1. Particulate (total suspended particulates).
2. Sulfur dioxide, daily values.
3. Sulfur dioxide, 24-hour averages.
4. Sulfur dioxide, 3-hour averages.
5. Sulfur dioxide, 1-hour averages.
29
-------
6. Carbon monoxide, hourly averages.
7. Carbon monoxide, 8-hour averages.
8. Total oxidants.
9. Ozone.
10. Nitrogen dioxide, daily values.
11. Nitrogen dioxide, hourly values.
RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
Once the basic selections of pollutant type and
averaging interval have been made, the standards
reports may be retrieved by state, area, site, begin
date, end date, county, and AQCR.
SORT OPTIONS
There are no optional sorts available.
SAMPLE REPORT
Figure 11 shows a sample yearly report for parti-
culate, and Figure 12 gives a sample monthly report
for 3-hour running averages for sulfur dioxide.
30
-------
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1 »*.
It
'5 1
s 1*3
el T 93
•7 k Si
1*1 »
5
in i 571-
i ^^
113 1 *40-
140 f
1t%* S 11*
P PI
T 137
t tic
17 '!
04
I'M
166*
211*
3*0*
145
72
•3
121
J17-
7i
IAD*
;**•
227.
12B
5C
42
1*1
17Q*
27
15**
75
224*
511*
49
2*1*
tflC*
2!
K» 1*1 !'.<• 151
Figure 11. Standards Report • Particulate Sampling.
31
-------
! U I I
i o * i » r
SHI i
S1MIO
LAtllupf: fc 3 3 c. ». !7 1.
LT* 10**: 1?
11"( JON I : MIST i,' "OC«J
i; »?.
Me it.
t4
1C
1 ?
1 '
1-
1*
10
;;'
'tl
it' VI 84 # t V ; ;.L ; e "* JT. ', f * 1 . • 3 v t » tCI J 1 3 ! ! ! J ' 1
^ ; <6t .'tt fee 3 • M 2t» «': •>.• ;s^ ;ir ?*c ? ' ? * 2:? 3 * 3
*. : 3 ! .• • .' • : ' ; ' : m 7:1 * c 6 c ic. 2t2 ^34 <»! *L
. • o J* '»: !*• ).• ::• J ' *s ie* 217 134 »s i;? 24 •:: ,-i n* ^^ s
' 3 • ' • 3 ' M 1 M (-4 : ' t< 2? 2' *7 i<; i*j il? !
: • i : "; 'If i i r 5 ; 5 • J ' • • .' ' : * :
*1 M 7« 40
110 ?S
J
M 6
1
453 73
"> 14S
i
e :o *s
! *
31 >
?r? ?4
"1 ?1
3 24
3 24
(( 24
1 24
' 7*
6' 24
."4 24
3 24
"**
»e»
4^
17<
•»
•..
11
1 4 '
1?1
Iftt : (CLli •( IMC
Figure 12. Standards Report - 3-Hour Averages for Sulfur Dioxide.
32
-------
Site Description Inventory
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
This report lists, in a standard site description for-
mat, information concerning the environment and op-
erating characteristics of the given sampling site or
sites. The site description information is arranged in
three blocks across the page, each block containing
six to eight lines of information. The various codes,
as set forth in AEROS Manual of Codes, are pro-
vided for the various station parameters, and each is
defined by name. These codes include those for the
state, area, agency/project, EPA Region, county, sta-
tion type, AQCR, SMSA, and UTM zone. The ac-
tual numerical values are also provided for the city
and AQCR populations, as well as for various geo-
graphic parameters including the latitude and longi-
tude of the sampling site, its UTM grid coordinates,
the elevation of the sampling probe above the ground
and above MSL, and the time differential between
local standard time and GMT. In addition, the name
of the location is given, along with the name of the
supporting agency and any appropriate comments.
The site description data can be retrieved by state,
area, site, agency, project, AQCR, county, and any
appropriate combination of the above.
SORT OPTIONS
This report can be sorted by state, area, site,
agency, project, county, and AQCR.
SAMPLE REPORT
A Site Description Inventory for four sites in
Rhode Island is shown in Figure 13.
33
-------
BUN DATE:09127B
SITE COtC: 410040001F01
AGENCT/FROJECT: F01
ACENCT TTPE: tTHC
CITT POPULATION: 17,860
AQCR POPULATION: 1.615,380
EPA REGION: 1
SUPPORT AGENCY: RHODE ISLAND DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
CODNENTS:
NATIONAL AEROPETR1C DATA BANK
SITE FILE LISTING
STATE (41) RHODE ISLAND
LOCATION: BRISTOL
COUNTT (0060): BRISTOL CO
SITE ADDR: REYNOLDS ELEDENTART SCHOOL
STATION TTPE (22): SUBURBAN - RESIDENTIAL
AOCR <12C): DETROPOLITAN PROVIDENCE
SHSA <6<80>: PROVIDENCE-PAyTUC«ET-«ARHC«, ».l
LATITUDE: 41 D. 40 D. 26 S. N
LONGITUDE: 71 D. 16 ". 18 S. 0
UTB 10NE: 19
UTH NORTHING: 4415800 DETERS
UTD EASTING: 310900 DETERS
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 40 FT.
ELEVATION A80VE NSL : 90 FT.
DIFF.GDT: VEST CS HOURS
RECORD LAST UPDATED: / /
SITE CODE: 41C065001F01
AGENCY/PROJECT: F01
AGEHCT TTPE: STATE
CITT POPULATION: 10,017
AOCR POPULATION: 1,645.580
EPA REGION: 1
SUPPORT ACENCT; RHODE ISLAND DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
COBDENTS:
LOCATION: 8URRILLVILLE
COUNTT (0320): PROVIDENCE CO
SITE ADDR: BURRILLVILLE HIGH SCHOOL
STATION TTPE (22): SUBURBAN - RESIDENTIAL
•OCR (1201: METROPOLITAN PROVIDENCE
SnSA (6480): PROV1DENCE-PAUTUCKET-UARtaICK, R.l.-NASS.
LATITUDE: 41 D. 58 P-. 9 S. N
LONGITUDE: 71 D. 39 P. 49 S. W
UTB
UTH
UTD
ELEV
ELEV
ONE: 19
ORTHING: 4649500 DETERS
ASTING: 279300 NETERS
TION ABOVE GROUND: 2C FT.
TION ABOVE BSL : 370 FT
DIFF.GBT: WEST OS HOURS
RECORD LAST UPDATED: / /
SHE CODE: 410090001F01
AGENCT/PROJECT: F01
AGENCT TTPE: STATE
CITT POPULATION: 2,863
AOCR POPULATION: 1,645,380
EPA REGION: 1
SUPPORT AGENCT: RHODE ISLAND DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
COMMENTS: DISCONTINUED, 4/28/73
LOCATION: CHARLESTOWN
COUNTT (0380): UASHINGTON CO
SITE ADDR: NAVAL AIR STATION
STATION TTPE (22): SUBURBAN - RESIDENTIAL
•OCR 1120): KETROPOLITAN PROVIDENCE
SDSA (0000): 0 NOT IN A STANDARD DETRCPOLITAN STATIST
LATITUDE: 41 0. 22 M. • S. N
LONGITUDE: 71 D. 39 M. 37 S. •
UTB IONE: 19
UTN NORTHING: 4582700 NETERS
UTB EASTING: 277SOO DETERS
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: 60 FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE DSL : 70 FT.
DIFF.GDT: NEST C5 NOURS
RECORD LAST UPDATED: / /
SITE CODE: 410C90002F02
AGENCT/PROJECT: F02
AGENCT TTPE: STATE
CITT POPULATION: 2,663
AOCR POPULATION: 1,645,3(0
EPA REGION:
LOCATION: CHAtLESTOki
COUNTT (C3CO): UASHINGTON CO
SITE ADDR: UNITED NEUCLEAR
STMION TIME (34): RURAL - INDUSTRIAL
•OCR (120): METROPOLITAN PROVIDENCE
SBSA (0000): C NOT IN • STANDARD DETRCPOL1TAN STATIST
SUPPORT AGENCT: R.I. STATE DEPT OF HEALTH*
CODDENTS:
OIV. OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
LATITUDE: 41 fi. 23 D. 59 S. N
LONGITUDE: 071 D. 40 M. 47 S. U
UTD ZONE: 19
UTD NORTHING: 4590100 DETERS
UTD EASTING: 2761CO DETERS
ELEVATION ABOVE GROUND: FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE HSL : 65 FT.
DIFF.GDT: WEST C5 HOURS
RECORD LAST UPDATED: 05/15/78
Figure 13. Site Description Inventory Report.
34
-------
Raw Data in SAROAD Format
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The report creates a magnetic tape of the raw data
in the same form as it was originally entered into the
SAROAD data base.
RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
also specified. All other combinations may be con-
sidered as valid retrieval requests. The period of in-
terest is specified by year and month for the start-
ing and ending dates.
SORT OPTIONS
There are no sort options available.
There are several key items upon which retrieval
may be made by using the SAROAD Standard For-
mat Selection procedure, including: state, area, site,
agency type, AQCR, project classification, pollutant,
method of collection and analysis, sampling inter-
val, and starting and ending dates. Certain combina-
tions of selections keys are prohibited. For example,
a site key may be entered only if an area key is also
entered, and an area key may be entered only if a
state key is also entered. Similarly, a project classi-
fication code may be included only if an agency type
is also specified, and a method of collection and
analysis may be specified only if a pollutant type is
SAMPLE REPORT
Figures 14 to 16 give the type and sequencing of
data contained in the report. The output is avail-
able on magnetic tape.
35
-------
E JVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Nntlonit AeroinatTlc Oiu Bank
Rlilirch Trlsngln P.rk. N. C. 27711
SAROAD Dally Dan Form
24-hour or greater sampling interval
m
THE REPORT IS REQUIRED BY LAW
42 USC 1867; 40 CFR 61 |
Agencv
State Area
OMB No. 158.R0012
Approval expire 2/77.
Sue
Citv Name
Silc- Address
Pro|ect
Time Interval
Agency Project Time Vonr Month
n m n m m
Day
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
—
--
2
7
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
i
3
3
3
4
5
b
T
8
9
o"
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
e
9
0
1
T
4
b
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7
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9
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Si
Hr
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—
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r-1
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JIM.
AMUER
rju.ii-
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Urn
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— i —
i
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.. .. ..
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s DP
n
i —
r-
— •
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r
Mi'
Narri-
PARAMIICR
Cude
r
rux
n
—
Units OP
mn
1 1 «V 1*
~
Z
—
--
—
—
•-
-
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-
Nan i-
PARAMETER
Code
Mill
Mo
c
1
hod Unus DP
nW5
i —
—
—
-
-
—
--
PARAMETER
Code
Mt-l
c
ho< Units DP
Dcgg
._.
—
—
—
-
i—
Figure 14. SAROAD Daily Data Form.
-------
ra_
'S 16 17
D CD
2 3 4 5 V J B 9 1C. 11 12'3
NU^L-CR OP COMP SAM
YEAR PER C D SA'.'="^.E5 TYPE ,T;_M
m ED m CD
• 9 23 21 22
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
BCM««(." TRIAMCI.C PAR*. "• f ?17II
SAROAD COMPOSITE DATA FORM.
THE REPORT IS REQUIRED BY LAW
42 USC 1857; 40 CFR 51
0-B N. .11 BOO 17
Approval vxpirn 2/77.
Figure 15. SAROAD Composite Data Form.
37
-------
THE REPORT IS REQUIRED BY LAW
«USC1857:«OCFR51
Leu than 24-fiouf sampling interval
m _^____
Agency
Ciry Name
ENV1KMUINTAL MKJTtCTION AGENCT
National AafOmtmc Data taah
ftnwcn Triangle P»A. N. C. Z7711
SADOAD Hoully Dau Fonn
Stale Area
Parameter observed
Time interval of obs.
Agency Project Time Year Month
n m n m m
Parameter code Method JJnils DP
1111 M m m n
Day
f
;
i
'
S: Hr
I
i
I
!
1
:
:
1
to
91
R*
9?
Rd
S3
Rd
3<
Rd
95
Rd
96
Rd
97
Wl
38
.
Rd
99
MS
10
Rds
11
Rds
12
Figure 16. SAROAO Hourly Data Form.
CMS No. 15a-R0012
Approval expire! 2/77.
38
-------
Meteorological Raw Data Reports
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
SAROAD has the capability to store, retrieve, and
display meteorological data in report and plotted
form; however, regional or national SAROAD con-
tacts should be consulted to determine whether the
desired data are available.
A plot of the data can be generated on either a
CALCOMP plotter or a TEXTRONIX terminal. A
separate plot is created for each month of data.
The daily minimums, maximums, and means for
a specific parameter for each day of the month are
plotted with descriptive information on the site and
parameter. The plot is a separate report and may
be omitted if only the raw data listing is required.
Report capabilities provide for printing the site de-
scription at the top of the page, then the parameter-
method-unit names, and the raw data values for one
month. Each line contains up to 24 raw data values,
the mean, and the number of observations for each
day. This line is repeated for each day in the month.
At the bottom of the page, the minimum, maximum,
average, and number of observations are given for
each hour of the day for that month. A second re-
port provides for the site description and the para-
meter-method-unit names at the .top and lists the
minimum, the hour of the minimum, the maximum,
the hour of the maximum, the mean, and the number
of observations for each day of the month.
RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
The meteorological raw data reports and plots may
be retrieved by state, area, site, agency, project, pol-
lutant (only 6XXXX), method units, start and end
date, and any appropriate combination of the
above.
For the plots, the minimum scale value and a del-
ta value may be specified by the user, or, if omitted,
they are calculated by the program. The user can also
specify what values (daily minimum, maximum, and/
or mean) are plotted.
39
-------
SORT OPTIONS
No optional sorts are available for this report. The
report is printed according to the order on file, i.e.,
state/area/site/agency/project/pollutant/year/month.
SAMPLE REPORT
Figures 17 to 19 show examples for wind speed
for a site in Birmingham, Alabama, for January 1975.
40
-------
Figure 17. Meteorological Raw Data Format.
41
-------
br-ir •""'•• jr™- "•• Lt" 'ip/'
-. -•.
* . " 0" i i .n tn 9,c ?«
*.u 07 M.P ?1 9.n 71.
7.O 7" 1 ". n ]3 6.1 7"
7." 19 [fl.P rl 6.17"
i.u ?*• i - . f -1" a. A ?-•
••.0 0" 9.C1 1 t 6.S 19
p
jn.n 7J n.r t* 11." «
-.'' "7 ! ?." 7» '••' 7"
3." IP i « ." •> 3 7 t° 7"
| -.1) "0 11." |2 A.l 7"
j -.0 11 J.P r2 6." 7"
3 ?,0 ni p , ^ r* 6.3 ?"
% ",n IP i^.t- r n JI.P ?•*
» (.0 1" «.'' "9 fc.I ?-
iT" 70"f ! ] A
o. PI -. «;«;
Figure 18. Meteorological Raw Data Report.
42
-------
SIUCODr. : 01038000bGOC
YF.HR/MQNTH: 7501
PRRRfM: Tf-.R : 61101 - WING
UNITS- KNOTS
SflMpL ING .'NU.RVR'.. : 1-HOUR
MFTHQD-. INSTRUMFNTfil.
SPOT RF.ROING
O OR! I Y MF.flN
10
DRY
Figure 19. Meteorological Raw Data Plot
-------
Yearly Frequency Distribution
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This report lists the site description and annual
summary information for all data that satisfy the re-
trieval criteria. The site description is repeated at the
top of each page, followed by the data. The site
description gives the geographical information neces-
sary to locate the site and is separated from the data
by a data heading. Below the data heading, the codes
and names are given for the pollutant, the sampling
and analysis methods, the sampling interval, and the
standard units in which the data are printed. The
data items include: the year of the data; the percent
of observations for continuous data; the number of
observations; the number of primary and secondary
violations of the NAAQSs; the minimum detectable
for the sampling method; the minimum, maximum,
and second maximum observations; the 10, 30, 50,
70, 90, 95, and 99 percentiles; the arithmetic mean;
the geometric mean; and the geometric standard de-
viation. The number of violations of the NAAQSs
represents the number of violations of the short-
term standards. For the running averages, the num-
ber of violations are for nonoverlapping running
averages.
The retrieval and print options, which are based on
summary criteria, are: (1) print all data that meet
other selection criteria but do not print the means
and standard deviation when summary criteria are
not met (default), (2) print all data that meet other
selection criteria and flag the statistics when sum-
mary criteria are not met, (3) print only data that
meet summary criteria, or (4) print only data that fail
the summary criteria.
RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
The report is generated from data that satisfy the
following selection criteria: nation, state, area, site,
agency, project, pollutant, method, interval, begin
year, end year, AQCR, and county.
Most combinations of the above selection criteria
are valid, but the following combinations are invalid:
(1) area or county without state, (2) site without
state/area, (3) project without agency, and (4) meth-
od without pollutant.
The difference between a state/area and a state/
county retrieval is important—a state/area selection
44
-------
will only give the sites in that area (city) while a
state/county selection will give all state/area com-
binations located in that county.
SORT OPTIONS
This report may be sorted in ascending (default)
or descending order by the following options: state,
area, site, agency, project, AQCR, pollutant, method,
units, interval, year, pollutant value, and county
code. For this report, the pollutant value sort is on
the yearly maximum observed value. Any number of
sorts can be specified in any desired order, but cer-
tain sort combinations may produce a confusing
report.
SAMPLE REPORT
Figure 20 shows a Yearly Frequency Distribution
Report for particulate, carbon monoxide, and sulfur
dioxide for a site in Providence, Rhode Island.
45
-------
SMtCOBF: 41033COOSFG1
ACEMCT/PBOJECT: F01
79,213
45.380
LA ITUDE: 41 D. 4« ". 5* S. N
LO tlTUDE: 71 fi. 24 ». 56 S. H
UT IOut: 19
UT NORTH I lit: 4(33700
n [ASTlNt: CO29"*00
tL VATI Oil ABOVE 6'OUND : C5C FI.
ELEVATION AROVF HSL: cu: FT.
01FF. t»T: b(3T 0< H0UKS
PCI Nt»» fflCUKSlOHS
PtStFNT UtS
C 7C
OPS »»«i
m;i-*i-7-ot
73 SI 0
74 41 0
-VOL b*AV]»LTM|C
1.
1.
C C 1.
1C 7. IS*".
1C). 1*1.
«7. 10?.
1'8. 1W. SB. 52. 1.6
157. .1!J. 70. 6J. 1.6
1?1. 114. 60. 57. 1.4
CAhBON "0*0110(
421C1-11-1-05
72 93 B1t9
73 *74l?t
2.3
1.7
17.6 15.; 2.7 2.1 2.C4
H.t 13.S 2.3' 1.9* 1.9C
7?
7J
SULFUR 0101IOE
1-HOUfi UC/CU KfT(n (?5 C)
26. 1!. 1'.
J11. *17. 300.
61. 06. 1C6. 15C. 167.
Figure 20. Yearly Frequency Distribution Report Format.
46
-------
Quarterly Frequency Distribution
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This report lists the site description and quarterly
summary information for all data that satisfy the re-
trieval criteria. The site description is repeated at
the top of each page, followed by the data. The site
description gives the geographical information neces-
sary to locate the site and is separated from the data
by a data heading. Below the data heading, the codes
and names are given for the pollutant, the sampling
and analysis methods, the sampling interval, and
standard units in which the data are printed. The
data items include: the year/quarter of the data;
the percent of observations for continuous data;
the number of observations; the number of primary
and secondary violations of the NAAQSs; the mini-
mum detectable for the sampling method; the mini-
mum, maximum, and second maximum observations;
the 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 95, and 99 percentiles; the
arithmetic mean; the geometric mean; and the geo-
metric standard deviation. The number of violations
of the NAAQSs represents the number of violations
of the short-term standards, and for the running aver-
ages, the number of violations are for nonoverlapping
running averages.
The retrieval and print options, which are based
on summary criteria, are: (1) print all data that meet
other selection criteria but do not print the means
and standard deviation when summary criteria are
not met (default), (2) print all data that meet other
selection criteria and flag the statistics when summary
criteria are not met, (3) print only data that meet
summary criteria, or (4) print only data that fail the
summary criteria.
RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
The report is generated from data that satisfy the
following selection criteria: nation, state, area, site,
agency, project, pollutant, method, interval, begin
year-quarter, and end year-quarter, AQCR, and
county.
Most combinations of the above selection criteria
are valid, but the following combinations are invalid:
(1) area or county without state, (2) site without
state/area, (3) project without agency, and (4) meth-
od without pollutant.
47
-------
The difference between a state/area and a state/
county retrieval is important—a state/area selection
will only give the sites in that area (city) while a
state/county selection will give all state/area combi-
nations located in that county.
SORT OPTIONS
This report may be sorted in ascending (default)
or descending order by the following options: state,
area, site, agency, project, AQCR, pollutant, method,
units, interval, year, quarter, pollutant value, and
county code. For this report, the pollutant value
sort is on the quarterly maximum observed value.
Any number of sorts can be specified in any de-
sired order, but certain sort combinations would
produce a confusing report.
SAMPLE REPORT
Figure 21 shows a Quarterly Frequency Distri-
bution Report for particulate and carbon monox-
ide for a site in Providence, Rhode Island.
48
-------
SITECODE: 410300005F01
ACENCT/PROJECT: F01
AStNCY TYPE: ST«TE
CITf POPULATION: 179,215
AQCR POPULATION: 1,645,380
EPA-REtlON: 1
SUPPORTINC AtENCT: DHODE ISLAND DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
CORP.EN1S: P«0»IOE»CE STATION
NATIONAL AEROHETR1C DATA BANI
9UARTERLT FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
STATE (41): RHODE ISLAND
LOCATION: PROVIDENCE
COUNTT (C3?0): PROVIDENCE (0
SITE ADD!: STATE OFFICE BUILDINt
STATION TtPE (11): CENTER CITI - INDUSTHIAL
AflCI (120): METROPOLITAN PROVIDENCE
SP.SA C6480): PROVlDENCE-PAVTUCKET-IIARvlCI, ».I.-PASS
PACE 41-OC01
LATITUDE: 41 D. 49 r. 54 S. N
LONGITUDE: 71 D. 24 p. 56 S. »
UTP. I ONE: 19
UT« NOITHINC: 4633700
UTH EASTINC: C0299400
ELEVATION ABOVE CHOUND: osc FT.
ELEVATION ABOVE NSL: 01CO FT.
DIFF. S«I: VEST 05 NOUHS
POLLUTANT NANE
POLLUTANT -RETHOO-INTERVAL-UNITS CODE
PCT NBR fEICURSIONS DIN
PARTICULATE
11101-91-7-01
73-01 1»
73-C2 14
73-03 13
74-01 g
74-C2 9
74-C4 13
42101-11-1-05
72-C1 90 1962
72-02 «3 1656
72-C4 100 2236
73-02 97 2128
42101-11-J-05
72-01 1935
77-03 2186
0
0
0
0
0
c
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
c
0
0
0
.1
0
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0.6
C.6
0.6
0.6
N1N
21.
28.
21.
50.
37.
.23.
0.6
0.6
0.3
•ETHOO
HI-VOL
*2 .
22.
33.
50.
37.
33.
o.e
1.2
C.*
OF COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
PERCENTILES
tRAVI'ETIlC
47.
17.
3C.
66.
45.
"'
1 .£
1.7
1.2
51.
43.
43.
78.
61.
51.
2.3
1.7
9*.
46.
68.
93.
at.
76.
2.3
3.5
2.3
122.
69.
130.
155.
141.
96.
4.6
4.6
3.5
13'.
1C'*
13«.
155.
141.
10*.
5.
5.
4.
137.
107.
131.
155.
141.
10.4
INTERVAL
24-MOUI
137.
107.
13t.
155.
141.
i?.a
17,8
1C. 4
2ND
122.
69.
1*0.
103.
96.
11.5
15.0
9.2
STANDARD UNITS
AIIT CEON
UC/CU HITEI
72.
48.
51.
85.
72.
5t.
2.0
2.7
2.0
(25 C)
64.
45.
5C.
8C.
66.
5!.
1.5
2.3
1.7
CEOA
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.6
1.6
2.11
1.8C
1.83
Figure 21. Quarterly Frequency Distribution Report Format.
49
-------
Yearly Report by Quarters
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This report lists the site description and selected
summary information for the year and for the indi-
vidual quarters. The site description gives the geo-
graphical information necessary to locate the site.
Below the data heading, the codes and names are giv-
en for the pollutant, the sampling and analysis meth-
ods, the sampling interval, and the standard units in
which the data are printed. The data items include:
the year of the data; the percent of observations
for continuous data; the minimum detectable limit
for the method; the arithmetic mean, arithmetic
standard deviation, minimum observation, and maxi-
mum observation for the year; and the number of
observations and arithmetic mean for each
quarter.
The retrieval and print options, which are based
on summary criteria, are: (1) print all data that meet
other selection criteria but do not print quarterly
and yearly statistics that do not meet the summary
criteria, (2) print all data that meet other selection
criteria and flag the statistics when summary criteria
are not met, or (3) print only data that fail the sum-
mary criteria, with flags on the data.
RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
The report may be retrieved -based on the follow-
ing selection criteria: nation, state, area, site, agency,
project, pollutant, method, interval, begin year, end
year, AQCR, and county.
Most combinations of the above selection cri-
teria are valid, but the following selections are inval-
id: (1) area or county without state, (2) site without
state/area, (3) project without agency, and (4) meth-
od without pollutant.
SORT OPTIONS
This report may be sorted in ascending (default) or
descending order by the following options: state,
area, site, agency, project, AQCR, pollutant, method,
units, interval, year, pollutant value, and county
code. For this report, the pollutant value sort is on
the yearly maximum observed value. Any number of
50
-------
sorts can be specified in any desired order, but cer-
tain sort combinations would produce a confusing
report.
SAMPLE REPORT
A Yearly Report by Quarters for particulate, car-
bon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide for a site in Provi-
dence, Rhode Island, is shown in Figure 22.
51
-------
P*tf 4 1-OCG1
SMCCOQE: *103G0005
ACtNCT/PlOJCCT: fOl
AGtMCT TTPtr STATF
CI IT POPULATION:
COUNTY (0;?0) ; plOVIftChCF CO
SMI ADB«: STATE OFFICE BDli.01*4
LOHtlTiiDt t 71 D. 2* f. 56 S.
UTP /OPlf: 19
PCILUTANT
METHOD
HClM BE1E( *fc IlMBf T!(
111C1*1
xl-VOt
* £ ,-f. so M. I1. 7**. 1 <•( « t; i«• e vn !«?*
• ii,L-f>>T»L «F SI- C»f «f COlO-l-dfiU
T-t.OU" ut/CU "I TF fc 4,'i C »
\i< i<\, •( Tt • i. i I)
Figure 22. Yearly Report by Quarters Report Format.
52
-------
Inventory Reports
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
SAROAD provides for the reporting of data avail-
ability by site and pollutant. Information can be pro-
vided as follows:
1. Inventory by site.
2. Inventory by pollutant.
3. State inventory by pollutant.
The three reports vary only in the order of the first
five columns of data and the sorted order. All the
reports present the same data in the last six columns
as follows:
1. Internal code.
2. Units code.
3. Year.
4. Number of observations.
5. Maximum observation.
6. Arithmetic mean.
The order of the first five columns depends on the
report requested, as follows:
1. Inventory by site — site code, agency/project
codes, location name, pollutant name, pollutant
method codes.
2. Inventory by pollutant — pollutant method
codes, pollutant name, site code, agency/pro-
ject codes, and location name.
3. State inventory by pollutant - field order is
the same as for the inventory by pollutant re-
port. Note that only one state's data are con-
tained in this report.
RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
Selections by nation, state, area, pollutant, and
year or valid combinations are available.
SORT OPTIONS
Sorts for the reports are available as follows:
1. Inventory by site: by Site ID, then by pollut-
ant within Site.
53
-------
2. Inventory by pollutant: by pollutant, then by
state and area.
3. State inventory by pollutant: by state, then by
pollutant and area site.
SAMPLE REPORTS
Samples of these three types of reports are shown
in Figures 23, 24, and 25.
54
-------
ilU AC/
COUf PFJ
OI332COOI F~l -fabE»lLlt
ICI^L-:; r DI
POLLUTiNT
fcC (.;[',£ 'Oluatf JRCAKIC FkACIIU*. 1 I
7 ?
7 C
;* it.
lit.
l r v .
..C*
... It
P«6t 01-0001
Figure 23. Inventory by Site Report.
55
-------
NATIONAL AEHOHETBIC DATA BANK
INVENTOtV BT POLLUTANT
PADTICULATE
PACE ..-0001
FOL-"TH POLLUTANT S1TF A6/ LOCATION Id
ClOE kA»E CODE P»J SAM CC
OF CODE
Dl"rTrrl i r 1 PF ^*
01CC6COC1 F:1 ALEIANDEII CITY
0 C C.b. C LL'SI
w
HC12CCC2 FC1 KiMS'ON
CK16CCC1 tCI ATHENS
OU16"C:Z SCI A'hEN!
C t.C
01C26CCC1 *C3 6ALD-1N CO
Ci:2ec:c; fi.3 BALO.IH Co
01
31
01
01
01
01
01
01
J1
01
01
01
Q
-
J
0
:i
01
01
01
01
01
C1
01
01
01
ol
01
01
01
01
01
31
C1
01
01
1974
1«7^
1976
1977
197i
1975
1976
1977
197'
197t
197!
197«
1977
197?
197!
197*
197"
1974
1977
1975
1976
1977
197"
1974
197!
1971
1977
197!
197'
1*57'
1974
197'
197>
197'
195*
1974
197*
1976
1977
ObS
^ ^
34
45
18
38
12
29
!6
t j
J3
19
14
34
45
39
:e
it
it
47
50
17
53
5C
42
55
42
55
54
37
3t
f
55
46
S3
5E
23
it
24
4C
14
OPS
123.
56.
62.
5t>.
•5.
61.
66.
492.
IPS.
105.
•if.
•»4.
276.
1*3.
1C3.
1C6.
97.
110.
251.
*4 .
192.
114.
1*7.
157.
151.
148.
152.
11< .
1««.
114.
139.
12C.
127.
224.
6C .
11C.
12t.
99.
147.
ABITM
KEAN
42.
27.
!C.
33.
3f.
31.
3f .
47.
5P .
S?!
49.
31.
42.
49.
fi 1 .
62.
67.
45.
5J.
69.
36.
49.
5i.
7?.
P7.
69.
6C.
«! .
71 .
7!.
tt •
71 .
t: .
5*.
65.
1 ^ .
7* .
62.
63.
g« ,
.
•
•
•
*
•
*
*
*
*
.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Figure 24. Inventory by Pollutant Report.
56
-------
CV-12-7E
NATIONAL AMOHETRIC DATA BANK
STATE IKVfllTOt! el POLLUTANT
ALABAMA
PACE 01-00
POL-NTH POLLUTANT SITE AC/ LOCATION
CODE MANE CODE P1J NAPE
11101*1 P ARTICULATE 010020001 '01 ABBEVILLE
010060001 '01 ALEIANDEB CITT
01C100001 F01 ANDALUSIA
01C120001 '01 ANNISTON
01C120QC2 '01 ANNISTON
01C160001 (01 ATHENS
01C1600G2 C01 ATHENS
01C160003 C01 ATHENS
010260001 A03 BALDHIN CO
01C2600C2 'C3 BALD>IN CO
INT
CODE
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
UNIT
CODE
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
TEA!
1974
1975
197«
1977
1974
1975
1976
1977
1972
197J
1974
1975
1976
1977
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
19J7
1975
1976
1977
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1973
1974
197J
1974
1975
1976
1977
1959
1974
1975
1976
1977
NUN
OBS
41
34
45
11
38
22
29
38
37
33
19
14
24
45
39
38
18
2>
47
56
17
53
30
42
55
42
55
54
37
36
7
55
46
53
58
23
28
24
40
14
NAI
OBS
123.
56.
62.
58.
85.
61.
ee.
492.
118.
188.
105.
58.
74.
278.
133.
103.
106.
97.
110.
231 .
64.
192.
104.
137.
157.
158.
148.
152.
112.
188.
104.
139.
120.
127.
224.
60.
116.
128.
99.
147.
ARITH
NEAN
42.
27. •
30.
33. •
38.
31. •
31.
47.
58.
57.
49. •
31. •
42. •
49.
(1. •
62. •
67. •
45. •
53.
69.
36. •
49.
52.
73. •
87.
69. •
68.
63.
71. .
73. •
66. •
71.
60.
59.
65.
30.
75. •
62. •
63.
89. •
Figure 25. State Inventory by Pollutant.
57
-------
Summary Report of Valid Data
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This report produces a tabulation, one line for
each site-pollutant combination, indicating the quan-
tity of data reported for a pollutant. The time period
of interest, which is specified by the user, can be
from 1 to 5 years. For each quarter of the year or
years specified, a column of coded data appears. The
codes, together with their meanings, are as follows:
1. "0" means "no data."
2. "1" means "data do not meet summary
criteria."
3. "2" means "data do meet summary criteria.''
RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
Retrieval may be by pollutant, by nation, by state,
or by area, site, agency, or project classification, or
any combination of these.
SORT OPTIONS
The standard sorting hierarchy is by state, AQCR,
area, site number, agency type, project classification
code, pollutant type, method code, and time inter-
val, all in ascending numerical or alphabetical or-
der. No options for alternative sorting sequences are
available.
The "Site" and "Pollutant" columns contain codes
for agency type and project classification (under
"Site") and for method of collection and analysis
and time interval (or period of observation) (under
"Pollutant"). The meanings of these codes are given
in Volume V of the AEROS Manual.
SAMPLE REPORT
Figure 26 shows a sample of the Summary Report
of Valid Data for the State of Rhode Island.
58
-------
QCB »ir» toor
170 nU»R]LI_VILl F pm/Fn
2n rR4N«;T>v r-o//Pn
70 r»sT Ppny
7n r *ST PQfi v
7!l r r P Ov
2n r • C
70 r • r
nr-iCt t-n «/tn
nt.: t r^^/r-*
oE.,rr ..--/f-,
""'I"""
nn./rr-
P"LLUTt»'T I «?.•» i"?-* i«Tr ,9-.t !«•»•»
CODF 1 1 1 I 1 I |v 1 ! 1 1 | 1 1 - t ' 1 I ' I I V • I t | 1 | t v ' 1 T 1 1 ' I »
T«;p-9|/7 n i 7 l 7277 ,?•>-. .„-. „
nt-ii/i -i »-!-.i «nr... o--« 17- "-7i
Figure 26. Summary Report of Valid Data.
59
-------
Summary of Monitoring Activity
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This report produces a tabulation by state and
AQCR for the selected pollutants of the sites meeting
the summary criteria for the quarter selected for
study. The result is a nationwide report sorted by
AQCR within states for all 55 "states." Each state
has its own page in the report, with each AQCR with-
in the state occupying one line of data. There is also
a "Total" line at the bottom of each page, but no
grand total; that is, only the totals for each state
are given.
For each of the pollutant-sampling period combi-
nations, three columns of data are given; these col-
umns are headed "REQ," "PRO," and "RPT,"
meaning, respectively/ "Required by EPA," "Pro-
posed in the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for
1974," and "Reporting to the National Aerometric
Data Bank - Based on Quarter X of 197X Data."
The seven possible pollutant-averaging period combi-
nations are: (1) TSP (total suspended particulatesl-
daily, (2) SO2-daily, (3) SO2-hourly, (4) NO2-daily,
(5) NO2-hourly, (6) CO-hourly, (7) Ox-hourly.
RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
The report is available only on a nationwide basis.
The data satisfying the summary criteria are tallied by
monitoring site for a single quarter of the given cal-
endar year. If data for more than one quarter are
needed, a separate run must be made for each
quarter.
SORT OPTIONS
The report is sorted by state and AQCR and no
other sorts may be specified.
SAMPLE REPORT
A portion of this summary report for Alabama
is shown in Figure 27.
60
-------
•13-TH
AQC* TSP
105 3 1 U
S02-OHLY SO?
2 3 IP I
• MOUPi
'
J
» »n?-0iu' Mr.?.uru»v.T ro.Hgni>l.r n».Mnn»LY
.
2 0"P Artn nnn til
TOTAL 37 j» *o i* n ?* 3 * 3 r> o in n
REO • PEOll|»rO BY FP»
p«n • pffoposeo IN STMF I^OLE^FNTATION
PLAN ron I*TI
RPT • RtPORTtNG TO NATIONAL »c«nMfTRtc
PITA RAHK - «»srn ON QU»«TER i rt
Figure 27. Summary of Monitoring Activity Report.
61
-------
Active Site Report
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This report consists of a sorted inventory of sites
that have reported SAROAD data during a specified
time interval. The report is made up of a series of
subreports, one for each site. Each site report con-
tains a description of the site and summaries of the
pollutants measured, methods used, time intervals,
units, and number of observations reported.
RETRIEVAL OPTIONS
There are 10 key items upon which retrieval may
be made in this report: state, area, site, agency type,
project classification, pollutant type, method of col-
lection and analysis, sampling interval, AQCR, and
starting and ending dates. Certain combinations of
selection keys are prohibited. For example, a site key
may be entered only if an area key is also entered,
and an area key may be entered only if a state key is
also entered. Similarly, a project classification code
may be included only if an agency type is also speci-
fied only, and a method code may be included only
if a pollutant type is also specified. All other combi-
nations may be considered as valid retrievals.
SORT OPTIONS
The selected sites may be sorted in a variety of
ways before the report is printed. The six possible
codes available for use are:
1. Ascending key STATE.
2. Ascending key AREA.
3. Ascending key SITE.
4. Ascending key AGENCY.
5. Ascending key PROJECT.
6. Ascending key AQCR.
The sort codes may be entered in any order, and
the order determines the sorting hierarchy; that is,
the first code entered will determine the primary sort,
the second one will determine the secondary sort,
and so on. There are only two restrictions on the use
of the sort codes: at least one sort code must be
specified, and each sort code may appear only once
for a given run.
SAMPLE REPORT
Figure 28 shows a portion of the inventory report
for Rhode Island.
62
-------
OMI -. SFP 12,
Iht. DATA DUBIiC 1ST P£CGPDC
S"AT£(i1>: tMCOf ISLAND
SI TrC OOE : *1C:9CC"'irL?
COUMT (03*0: wiSHlhtTjs CC
C L»PF».T ;
lAT ITUDF
l'b/CU "til" '?'. C)
Figure 28. Active Site Report.
63
-------
Additional References
Other publications that describe and supplement
this booklet for SAROAD as well as other AEROS
data bases include:
1. AEROS Manual Series, Volume I: AEROS
Overivew, EPA-450/2-76-001. As the name im-
plies, it presents an overview of the system.
2. AEROS Manual Series, Volume II: AEROS
User's Manual, EPA-450/2-76-029. This man-
ual describes data coding as well as the data
flow procedures.
3. AEROS Manual Series, Volume III: Summary
and Retrieval, EPA-450/2-76-009. This man-
ual describes computerized reports as well as
several examples of data analysis.
4. AEROS Manual Series, Volume V: AEROS
Manual of Codes, EPA-450/2-76-005. This
manual contains all necessary AEROS codes.
These manuals are available from the same sources
as the SAROAD publications.
65
-------
Glossary
Agency code — Alphabetic code assigned as part of
the site identifier to designate the type of agency
(USEPA, state, county, city, private) that performs
the laboratory analysis for the sample.
Air Quality Control Region (AQCR) - One of 247
geographical areas in which the 55 "states" are di-
vided based on jurisdictional boundaries, urban in-
dustrial concentrations, and other factors, includ-
ing atmospheric areas necessary to provide ade-
quate implementation of air quality standards.
Air quality data — Individual numeric values rep-
resenting the concentration of a given pollutant in
the air at a given site and time.
Area code — The numeric code assigned as part of
the site identifier to indicate the city in which the
site is located, or if it is not located in a city, it in-
dicates the county in which the site is located.
Computerized report — A printed data display
created by a computer program from a data file based
on specific retrieval and sort options. The specific
format and amount of data vary with the program
and the retrieval and sort options utilized.
Criteria pollutant — Any pollutant for which a
National Ambient Air Quality Standard has been
promulgated.
Data — Items of information concerning the en-
vironment surrounding a site or concentrations of air
pollutants sampled at a site.
Edit checks - The standard data processing checks
performed to ensure that data are correctly coded.
In SAROAD, these checks include a check that all
codes are valid, that all numeric fields contain nu-
meric values with no embedded blanks, that the cor-
rect data formats are utilized, and that data values
are within selected bounds.
Identifier — Unique set of characters that identify an
individual data record. In SAROAD, the site iden-
tifier includes the codes for state, area, site, agency,
and project. The data identifier includes the site
identifier, the date, and the codes for pollutant,
method, units, and interval.
67
-------
Method code — Unique identifier for each pollutant
that identifies the method utilized to collect the sam-
ple and analyze for the specific pollutant.
Monitoring network — Several sampling sites that are
operated to collect air quality data.
Parameter code - In SAROAD, an individual five-
digit code assigned to a specific pollutant. An hier-
archical coding structure was developed to permit
assignment of codes for thousands of individual
pollutants.
Project code — Numeric code assigned as part of the
site identifier to designate the type of sampling (pop-
ulation oriented, source oriented, background,
etc.) that is performed at a site.
Publication - In SAROAD, one of several printed
books compiled from site information and sum-
mary data and published to reflect air quality and site
information for a given time period.
Retrieval option — Options available for the selec-
tion of a subset of records from a data file based on
a partial or complete identifier. The selection based
on a specific partial or complete identifier produces
a file of all records with identifiers that meet selec-
tion criteria.
SAROAD codes — Geographical identification codes
assigned to states, counties, and cities. The state
codes are two-digit codes from 1 to 55. The city
and county codes are four-digit codes assigned after
the city and county names were arranged in alpha-
betical order. A city code was assigned to each in-
corporated city with a 1970 population over 2500.
Sampling site — A location where one or more sam-
plers are operated to collect air quality data.
Sampling time interval — The time period over which
the sample was collected. Instruments operate con-
tinuously and the data are reported as 1-hour aver-
ages while integrated samplers operate 24 hours and a
single 24-hour average concentration is reported.
Sort option — Order of reporting formatted data in
a computerized report. Each computerized report
creates a unique format, which is repeated for each
retrieved record. The sort can be on the individual
parts of the key or by specific data items in each
record.
68
-------
State - In SAROAD, one of the 50 states plus
Washington, DC, and the territories of American
Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
Units — One of the identifiers for data that indicates
the dimensional system utilized to express the con-
centration of the specific pollutant. Air pollutants
are routinely reported in concentration units of
micrograms pollutant per cubic meter of air (/jg/m^)
or parts of pollutant per million parts of air (ppm).
UTM coordinates — Map coordinates based on the
Universal Transverse Mercator System developed by
the U.S. Army. The UTM system provides for the
projection of uniform square grid zones with con-
venient measuring units. UTM coordinates of sites
are normally reported in kilometers.
UTM zone — A north-south zone six degrees wide
with a central transverse mercator as defined by the
UTM coordinate system.
69
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(I'll tM< rfciJ Iniirtu tinn\ DII flu' /•ci'iTJf hfji>ri~ toini>lc(tng)
lPA-450/4-79-005
5. REPORT DATE
February 1979
SAROAD Information
6 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTMORiSI
Jacob G. Summers
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
9 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Monitoring and Data Analysis Division
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This SAROAD Information Booklet describes the SAROAD System for an
individual who is unfamiliar with SAROAD. The information booklet
includes: (1) an overview of the data contained in SAPOAD, (2) an
explanation of available air quality publications, (3) a description
of procedures for requesting data, and (4) a description and example
of the most important computerized reports.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
SAROAD
AEROS
Air quality
Monitoring sites
Pollutants
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS c. COSATI held/Group
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS {Thfl Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
70
20. SECURITY CLASS (TMspagel
Unclassified
------- |