&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-450/4-79-038
OAQPS No. 1.2-126
November 1979
Air
Guideline for the Guideline
Implementation of Series
the Ambient Air
Monitoring Regulations
40 CFR Part 58
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EPA-450/4-79-038
OAQPS No. 1.2-126
Guideline for the Implementation of the
Ambient Air Monitoring Regulations
40 CFR Part 58
Monitoring and Data Analysis Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air, Noise, and Radiation
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
November 1979
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OAQPS GUIDELINE SERIES
The guideline series of reports is being issued by the Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards (OAQPS) to provide information to state and local
air pollution control agencies; for example, to provide guidance on the
acquisition and processing of air quality data and on the planning and
analysis requisite for the maintenance of air quality. Reports published in
this series will be available - as supplies permit - from the Air Pollution
Technical Information Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711; or, for a nominal fee, from the National Technical Information
Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
Publication No. EPA-450/4-79-038
(OAQPS Guideline No. 1.2-126)
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FOREWORD
Many individuals were involved in the development of the Ambient
Air Quality Monitoring and Data Reporting Regulations as well as the
development of the material contained in this guideline document. For
further information on specific topics, please contact the individuals
listed below.
Subject Areas Contact Phone Number FTS Number
919 Area Code
Quality Assurance Jack Puzak 541-2220 629-5220
Monitoring Methodology Larry Purdue 541-2665 629-2665
Uniform Air Quality Index William Hunt 541-5351 629-5351
Monitoring Network
Design and Instrument or Stan Sleva or
Probe Siting David Lutz 541-5351 629-5351
m
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pac
I. INTRODUCTION vii
II- REGULATIONS 1
III. APPENDIX A - Quality Assurance - SLAMS 6
IV. APPENDIX B - Quality Assurance - PSD 7
V. APPENDIX C - Monitoring Methodology 7
VI. APPENDIX D - Network Design for SLAMS and NAMS 8
VII. APPENDIX E - Probe Siting Criteria 11
VIII. APPENDIX F - Annual SLAMS Air Quality Information 13
IX. APPENDIX G - Uniform Air Quality Index and Daily Reporting 14
X. SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT DEADLINES 16
EXAMPLE STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Attachment 1
EXAMPLE NAMS NETWORK DESCRIPTION Attachment 2
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GUIDELINE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
AMBIENT AIR MONITORING REGULATIONS 40 CFR PART 58
I. INTRODUCTION
The major purpose of this guideline is to provide assistance and
information for the implementation of the EPA Regulations on Ambient
Air Quality Monitoring and Data Reporting (40 CFR Part 58). The Clean
Air Act of 1970 required the establishment of National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) and placed the responsibility for prevention
and control of air pollution on the State and local governments. To
accomplish this purpose, the Act required the States to prepare and
adopt State Implementation Plans (SIP) designed to attain and maintain
the NAAQS. One of the essential elements of an implementation plan is
a requirement for the establishment of a comprehensive ambient air quality
monitoring system.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 in Section 319 requires EPA
to establish monitoring criteria to be followed uniformly across the
Nation. As a result of this requirement and recommendations of the
Standing Air Monitoring Work Group (SAMWG), EPA has promulgated regulations
under Part 58 of Title 40. This guideline will attempt to answer questions
and provide guidance concerning the implementation of these regulations.
This guideline will not deal with each section of the regulation,
for example, Sections 58.1 through 58.12 contain such things as definitions,
purpose, applicability, etc., and are not restated here. A question and
answer format is used and is based on discussions with State, local and
Regional personnel during the development and revisions of this regulation.
It also reflects discussions which took place at the Regional Office
workshops to review the final monitoring regulations with State and
local agencies.
VII
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II. 40 CFR Part 58 (Regulations)
Ql Are there any limitations on the seasonal exemptions from operation
schedules permitted in section 58.13?
A These exemptions should not be granted for periods when it would
appear likely that an exceedance of the standards might occur.
Seasonal exemptions from monitoring may not be granted for any NAMS
site. This requirement is necessary to provide complete data for
the standard setting and revision process and the tracking of annual
trends.
Q2 Must Special Purpose Monitoring (SPM) used for control strategy
demonstrations or as support for planned SIP revisions meet requirements
beyond those in Appendix C?
A Paragraph 58.14 is being amended to allow the use of some non-reference
or non-equivalent monitoring methods in some cases. Additional guidance
will be provided when the amendment to 58.14 is proposed.
Q3 What will constitute an acceptable SIP to implement the monitoring
regulations (58.20)?
A An example of an acceptable SIP for the monitoring regulations is attached
to this document. (Attachment 1.)
Q4 Does the SIP have to identify the episode monitoring sites?
A The SIP must provide for episode monitoring sites. These sites do not
have to be identified in the SIP; however, each state must provide the
Regional Office a copy of this list by July 1, 1980.
Q5 What constitutes an acceptable SLAMS network description?
A The SLAMS network description (referred to in 58.20e) must contain
no less than the following:
a. A complete SAROAD site identification form for each site.
b. The location (city and proposed street address) for scheduled stations
(for those not currently in operation).
c. The sampling and analysis method.
d. The sampling schedule.
e. The monitoring objectives and spatial scale of representativeness
as defined in Appendix Part 58.
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f. A schedule for:
(1) Locating and placing into operation each SLAMS which is not
located and operating at the time Oi network description
submittal;
(2) Implementing quality assurance procedures of Appendix A to
Part 58 for each site for which such procedures are not
implemented at the time of network description submittal; and
(3) Resiting each SLAMS which does not meet the requirements of
Appendix E to Part 58 at the time of network description
submittal.
g. A copy of any siting waivers requested for the site(s) within the
network which will not meet the siting criteria by January 1, 1981
for NAMS sites and January 1, 1983 for other SLAMS sites.
An example form which could be used to meet the requirements of items
b through f is attached (Attachment 2). Item g above (siting waivers) is
not required by 58.20; however, it is believed that a copy of such waivers
should be available to the public along with the network description.
In addition to the minimum requirements, it is recommended that the network
description should eventually contain information similar to the NAMS Management
System Information (MIS) Form and, if possible, the NAMS Hard Copy Information
(NHCI) for each SLAMS. A NHCI form will be required for all NAMS siting
waivers as part of the waiver application.
Q6 When and to whom is the SLAMS network description due?
A The network description is due by January 1, 1980, to the Regional
Administrator or his designee. In order to fulfill various requests
for summary information concerning the SLAMS networks, the Monitoring
and Data Analysis Division (MDAD) will need a copy of each SLAMS network
description. A copy of each State network description should be sent
to Director of the Monitoring and Data Analysis Division (MDAD) MD-14,
RTP, N.C. 27711 within 3 months after submission to the Regional Office.
07 Why does Appendix. D have to be used in designing the SLAMS network? (58.21)
A Appendix D is to be used in designing the SLAMS network to ensure that
the networks are designed using a uniform basis as required by the Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1977. In order to ensure uniformity and yet allow
for differences dictated by local circumstances the networks will be
designed using the criteria of Appendix D through the joint efforts of State
and local agencies together with the Regional Offices.
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Q8 Why do SLAMS have to meet Appendix C requirements when placed in
operation rather than January 1, 1983 (58.22)?
A The promulgation of part 58 did not change the old part51.17a require-
ment for reference or equivalent monitoring methods. This requirement
was established in 1975 and allowed a grace period until Feb. 18, 1980
for SC^, CO and Oo for replacement of non-reference or equivalent
methods. January 3, 1980 was established in 1977 as the replacement
date for NOp methods.
Qg What constitutes the annual review required by 40 CFR Part 58.20(d)
and 58.25?
A The SLAMS network will be reviewed annually by the State as indicated
in Sections 58.20(d) and 58.25. The State may delegate portions of the
network review to local agencies who operate part of the network. The
purpose of the annual review is to determine if the various stations in
the network are:
a. In conformance with Appendices A, C, D and E.
b. Appropriately located (is there a monitor where one is needed,
should any be deleted or moved)
c. Providing the kinds and quality of data to meet the agency's
needs and priorities (i.e., highest expected concentrations;
representative of public exposure, significant source impact,
background concentrations)
A written report of the findings of the annual review will be submitted
to the EPA Regional Office. It should contain the findings of the
network review, proposals for any changes (additions, deletions or
relocations) and a schedule for any proposed changes. Modifications
to the SLAMS network as a result of the annual review or any other
reasons will be subject to the approval of the Regional Administrator.
The Regional Office shall consult with and obtain concurrence of the
Director, MDAD for any modification which affects a NAMS site.
QlO When must the first annual SLAMS review be conducted?
A The first annual review will be conducted in fiscal year 1980. The date
for this review and subsequent annual reviews will be established by
agreement between the States and their respective Regional Offices during
the 105 Grant review process. Each Regional Office will inform annually,
the Director, MDAD of the schedule for annual reviews when such schedules
are developed. Submission of the SLAMS network description by Jan. 1, 1980,
is sufficient to meet the requirements of the fiscal year 1980 annual review.
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Qll What information must be provided in the annual SLAMS summary report
required by Section 58.26?
A The annual summary report must contain the following:
a. Probability limits for precision and accuracy of the reporting
organization for each site.
b. SLAMS data for each SLAMS site in the format specified in Appendix F.
c. "A listing by pollutant of the monitoring sites in each reporting
organization within the State (Section 5.2, Appendix A).
d. The location, date, principal pollution source(s), and duration
of each air pollution episode which could cause significant harm
to the health of persons as defined in Section 51.16 (a).
Q12 When is the first annual SLAMS summary report due?
A The first annual SLAMS summary report is due July 1, 1982 for data
collected during 1981.
Q13 Will EPA provide assistance in preparing the annual summary
report?
A EPA Regional Offices may prepare upon request the air quality data
summaries required in Appendix F for any SLAMS site that the hourly
or daily data for the year has been entered in the SAROAD data files.
The National Air Data Bank (NADB) will prepare the software for
producing the SLAMS summaries which will be ready in time for the
first annual report in 1982.
Q14 How much SLAMS data must be reported to the Regional Office and on
what frequency?
A Paragraph 58.28 states that the Regional Administrator may request
any or all data related to any SLAMS site. The Regional Offices
should, during the network discussion and design phase, identify
th?ir ongoing and routine data submission requirements. Requests
for additional data beyond the ongoing and routine data submittals
should be held to a minimum.
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Q15 Who will designate and approve NAMS sites (58.30 and 58.32)?
A Each State, together with their Regional Office, will select a
group of sites based on the objectives of Appendix D and the
siting criteria of Appendix E to be proposed as NAMS sites. The
Monitoring and Reports Branch NAMS Coordinators will review and
discuss with the Regional Offices various aspects of particular
proposed sites as the need arises. After the site selection process
has been completed, each State will submit a network description
to the Administrator through the Regional Office by January 1, 1980.
Receipt of the network description on or before the deadline will
meet the submission requirement. The Regional Office will forward
the network descriptions to the Monitoring and Reports Branch NAMS
Coordinators for approval by the Director, MDAD. The NAMS network
description, together with the information required on the Management
Information System forms,will be used to determine the adequacy of
the proposed sites. Similarly, any other items that require the
Administrators approval shall be sent to MRB for submission to the
Director, MDAD.
Q16 Is there a difference between the SLAMS and the NAMS network descriptions
(58.31)?
A The NAMS network description is a separate description from the SLAMS
network description. The NAMS description contains all of the items
required in the SLAMS network description (58.20(e)) plus the name of
the urbanized area that the site is located in. The downwind 0^ site in
certain situations may not be located inside the boundaries of an urbanized
area. In such cases, the name of the urbanized area which the 0-, site
supports will be used.
Q17 When does NAMS air quality data have to be submitted (58.35)?
A Edited and validated NAMS quarterly data are to be submitted through
the Regional Office to the National Air Data Bank (NADB) within 90 days
after the completion of the calendar quarter starting with the first
calendar quarter in 1981. This means any Regional review, editing or
validation must be completed and the data must be transmitted to the
National Computer Center within the 90 day period. Information concerning
data format, editing and validation is described in the AEROS Users
Manual (EPA-450/2-76-029, OAQPS No. 1.2-039).
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III. APPENDIX A - QUALITY ASSURANCE - SLAMS
Ql By what date must a written program (plan) for assuring the quality
of the data at all NAMS sites be submitted to EPA?
A June 30, 1980 has been established in the "EPA Agency Guidance FY1980-
1981" as the due date for the written State quality control program.
Guidance for developing the written quality control program is
contained in the "Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measure-
ment Systems, Volume 1 and 2."
Q2 What is the deadline for implementation of the quality assurance
programs?
A The regulations establish the deadline for implementation of the
quality assurance program at NAMS sites as January 1, 1981 (58.34) and
January 1, 1983 for SLAMS sites (58.23).
Q3 What is a reporting organization? (Section 3, Appendix A)
A A reporting organization is a State or subordinate organization within
a State which is responsible for a set of sites which monitor for a
particular pollutant and for which precision and accuracy assessments
can be pooled. Some common factors which should be considered in
defining reporting organizations are: (1) operation by a common
team of field operators; (2) common calibration facilities; and
(3) supported by a common laboratory or headquarters.
Q4 What is the deadline for submission (to the Regional Office and EMSL)
of the first Reporting Organization List required by Section 5 of
Appendix A?
A The first Reporting Organization List must be submitted to the Regional
Office and EMSL by June 30, 1980. The list must contain all NAMS by
reporting organization but may also contain those SLAMS which are
covered by the QA program during the period (quarter) for which the
precision and accuracy (P&A) estimates are representative.
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Q5 How will precision and accuracy (P&A) data be submit l.e.1.'
A The P&A data will be calculated as described in Appendix A and sent to the
Regional Office and EMSL in the format prescribed in section 5.3 of Appendix A.
Q6 When is P&A data due to the Regional Office and EMSL?
A The first quarterly P&A report for NAMS is due on July 1,1981.
Q7 Where can additional information concerning quality assurance policies,
procedures, audits and other technical matters be obtained?
A The quality assurance program is the management responsibility of the
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (EMSL), Research Triangle
Park, N.C..27711. Therefore, questions concerning interpretation policies,
etc., should be referred to the Quality Assurance Branch, MD-77, EMSL,
RTP, NC 27711.
IV. APPENDIX B - QUALITY ASSURANCE - PSD
Except for deadlines which are established by the Regional Office,
technical questions concerning Appendix B should be directed to Quality
Assurance Branch, MD-77, EMSL, RTP, NC 27711, FTS # 629-2220; commercial
# (919)541-2220.
V. APPENDIX C - MONITORING METHODOLOGY
Ql What kind of monitoring instruments are permitted for SLAMS and NAMS
sites?
A Appendix C specifies that reference or equivalent methods will be
used as follows:
a. Continuous instruments for all NAMS sites, except TSP and lead monitoring.
b. Continuous or manual instruments for all SLAMS sites.
c. Any non-reference or non-equivalent instrument approved under one
of the exceptions in Appendix C.
Q2 What kinds of exceptions to the reference or equivalent requirements
are available in Appendix C?
A Appendix C provides an approval process for some instruments used in
certain geographical areas which were purchased prior to February 18, 1975
for the following reasons:
a. interference
b. nonconforming ranges
c. unapproved ranges
For further information with respect to this topic, consult Appendix C
and/or Dept. E at MD-77, EMSL, RTP, N.C. 27711, FTS 4629-2665,
commercial #(919)541-2665. ,
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Q3 May the user modify a reference or equivalent instrument?
A A user may modify a reference or equivalent instrument if approval
is obtained under the provisions of Appendix C. (Section 2.8.)
Q4 What monitoring method may be used for short-term TSP measurements
during air pollution episodes?
A There are two modified hi-vol methods and one procedure for showing
a quantitative relationship for non-hi-vol methods that have been
approved for this application. A complete description of these
approaches is available in OAQPS Guideline Number 1.2-114, entitled,
"Guidance for Selecting TSP Episode Monitoring Methods." Briefly,
this document describes:
a. multiple instrument staggered 24-hour hi-volume sampling
b. a series of short time interval hi-volume sampling
c. a procedure to demonstrate a quantitative site specific relationship
between the reference hi-vol and some other non-hi-vol method of
measuring TSP.
Q5 How soon does a site specific relationship to a non-hi-vol method for
TSP episode measurements have to be demonstrated?
A This relationship must be demonstrated for each episode site using
a non-hi-vol method as soon as practicable but not later than Jan. 1, 1983.
Paper tape samplers may be used until this relationship is demonstrated.
If the relationship is not demonstrated, then one of the hi-vol methods
must be selected. Documentation of these studies or demonstrations
must be supplied to the Regional Office for approval.
VI. APPENDIX D - NETWORK DESIGN FOR SLAMS AND NAMS
Ql What is a spatial scale of representativeness?
A The concept of spatial representativeness was developed as a system
for classifying monitoring sites and the uses of their data. Spatial
scale of representativeness implies a boundary to the dimensions of
the air parcel nearest a monitoring site throughout which actual
pollution concentrations are reasonably similar. The concept of
spatial scales is further described in reference 10-14 of Appendix D,
40 CFR 58.
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Q2 How do States determine spatial scale of representativeness and
objectives of each pollutant monitor?
A The classifying of monitoring sites can be accomplished in a series
of steps based on Appendix D and its associated references. For an
existing monitoring location, the sequence would be as follows:
a. Using Appendix D, determine the objective(s) each pollutant monitor is to
meet or any other objective that the site may be established for.
b. Look at the physical aspects of the site (e.g., location, topographic
setting, roads, local sources, type of pollutant monitored, meteorology,
etc.) to determine what affects the spatial concentration
patterns and to what extent.
c. Assign a scale of representativeness using criteria contained in
Appendix D and the appropriate references.
Alternatively, one could decide that none of the existing sites met
a particular objective and then seek out a new site which will meet the
desired objective.
Q3 Must the objectives and spatial scales be the same for all instruments
(collocated) at the same site or location?
A The objectives and spatial scales may be different for each collocated
instrument. For example, a point 100 meters from a freeway may be a
neighborhood scale for ozone, a middle scale for CO, a neighborhood
scale for TSP and an urban scale for S0£.
Q4 Can the microscale be used for TSP and S02 monitoring?
A This scale is not appropriate for NAMS and is not too common for
SLAMS. However, it may be a valid scale for SLAMS when measuring
the impact of point sources in confined geographical areas, during
fumigation conditions, etc.
Q5 How much documentation is needed of the extent to which the monitoring
objectives and scales of representativeness (Appendix D) are being met?
A A simple narrative statement in the network description which states
that the site(s) are meeting criteria (objective and scales of representa-
tiveness) is sufficient. If a site does not meet the criteria, the nature
of the deficiency must be described and reasons why it can not be overcome
must be in the network description. The Regional Office personnel will
have to verify that each NAMS meets the criteria, preferably by site
visit, prior to the network approval by the Director, MDAD.
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Q6 Must all new sites be located according to the procedures and criteria
in Appendix D?
A Yes, all new sites must be located according to the procedures, criteria
and references in Appendix D. (Appendix D guidance should be used in
any aspect where it appears to conflict with one of the references.)
Q7 Is there a prescribed minimum number of SLAMS in a SIP network?
A There are no specified minimum or maximum number of SLAMS sites in
a SIP network, however, the network must provide stations located
to satisfy the following monitoring objectives:
a. Those stations needed to have an approvable NAMS network and
any other stations needed for a viable PSI and episode monitoring
program.
b. Measurement of highest concentrations
c. Determination of representative concentrations in areas of high
population density.
d. Determination of the impact of significant sources or source
categories on ambient pollution levels.
e. Determination of general background levels.
Q8 How many NAMS may a State have in its portion of the National network?
A Appendix D stipulates the number of sites, based on population and
existing pollution levels in those areas. In general, deviations
from the required number of sites will not be permitted. The urbanized
area population size for the purposes of Appendix D shall be the (1970
Census of Population; Supplementary Report: Population of Urbanized
Areas Established Since the 1970 Census for the United States; 1970,")
referred to in paragraph 58.40 of the regulations.
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VII. APPENDIX E - PROBE SITING CRITERIA
gi What kind of documentation is required by Appendix E and where
should it be located?
A Each operating agency should develop a site file located in its
main office. This site file should, at a minimum, contain all
pertinent location information concerning the agency's SLA^S sites
as soon after site selection as practical. The location information
should include the address, all vertical, horizontal measurements
and a schedule for compliance of all sites not already meeting the
requirements of Appendix E. Examples of the format and types of
information which could be used are the NAMS Management Information and
NAMS Hard Copy Information forms. These forms are mandatory
for NAMS sites and could be used for SLAMS sites. This information
is to be collected by the States and should be made available to the
RO upon request.
Q2 What portions of a roadway are included for purposes of determining
traffic volumes.
A A roadway includes all traveled lanes, including any service road.
It also includes any medians dividing the various lanes. Arbitrarily,
median is defined to be no wider than 20 meters. Any median wider
than 20 meters shall mean that two nearby roadways exist. If
physical obstructions occur in the median such as buildings or trees, then
these shall be treated as separate roadways.
Q3 What effect will roadways with service roads have on setback distances?
A Normally, the service road situation should be avoided by locating cne monitor
along a stretch of road without a service road, because of the problems
related to assessing the effects of resuspension and perhaps great
differences in traffic on measures values. If a service road siting
cannot be avoided, the setback distance shall start at the edge of
the nearest traveled lane of the service road.
Q4 Can a monitoring site be established in a median strip?
A Monitoring sites for SLAMS should not be permitted in the median strip
because the public does not normally reside in the median strip for
time periods equal to the averaging time of any of the current ambient
standards. A siting waiver will be required for any monitor located
in a median.
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Q5 For what reasons can a waiver from Appendix E siting requirements
be granted?
A An Appendix E waiver for a site meeting a critical monitoring objective
at a particular site may be granted for the following reasons:
a. Physical constraints of the existing or new site which prevent
the site from meeting siting criteria such as, probe height,
setback distances, obstructions, and a lack of suitable sites
within the areas of representativeness.
b. The site can be demonstrated to be as representative of the moni-
toring area as it would be if the siting criteria were being met.
(This may be done by use of monitoring^ analytical or modeling
studies. Cost benefits, historical trends, and other factors may
be used to add support to the above; however, they in themselves,
will not be acceptable reasons for granting a waiver.
A waiver for a new site must be based on both of the above criteria;
however, a waiver may be obtained for an existing site if it meets
only one of the above.
Q6 How is a waiver obtained?
A An application for a waiver must be submitted to the Regional Office
for each SLAMS site for which a waiver is being requested. Waiver
applications for NAMS sites shall be submitted to the Director, MDAD,
through the Regional Office. The request or application must include
the following:
a. A narrative statement clearly describing the critical monitoring
objective of the site
b. A completed NAMS Hard Copy Information for or equivalent
c. A copy of any monitoring or modeling studies performed to demonstrate
that the site will be representative.
d. A narrative statement describing the siting problem and lack of
suitable sites in the nearby area.
Waivers should be applied for as early in the NAMS network design
phase as the need can be identified.
Q7 Who will approve waivers?
A The Regional Administrator or his designee will be the waiver approving
authority for SLAMS sites and the Director, MDAD, shall approve waivers for
NAMS sites. Waivers for NAMS sites are to be sent to the MRB NAMS
Coordinators for submission to the Director, MDAD.
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Q8 Is there a maximum downwind distance for the peak ozone measurement site?
A The downwind distance for the maximum ozone site should not be more
than 10 to 20 miles from the Central Business District; primarily
since minimum ozone levels associated with stagnating conditions
and relating low wind speeds would most likely be located in this
downwind range. Also, sites located in the 10 to 20 mile down range
are probably subject to a greater number of days of high ozone levels
than sites further downwind because of the diminishing frequency with
which the emissions affect sites located beyond this range.
Q9 Can historic (past) data from sites that did not meet the new
Appendix E siting criteria be used for SIP purposes?
A As was stated in the May 10, 1979 preamble to the monitoring regulations
under the heading General Comments, such data can be used for SIP
purposes. For additional information, please review the discussion
covered in the preamble.
VIII. APPENDIX F - ANNUAL SLAMS AIR QUALITY
INFORMATION
Ql What format should be used for the Annual SLAMS Report?
A It is recommended that a format similar if not identical to the format
shown in Section 2 of Appendix F (indicating the required information)
be used for the written report.
Q2 What format should be used for the data certification?
A The following will serve as an example certification:
I (name) , (title) on this (day) of (month) , (year)
do hereby certify that I have reviewed the data contained in this
report and that to the best of my knowledge, this report is accurate
and the data has been collected by this State Agency or delegated
local agency where indicated under at least the applicable monitoring
requirements and conditions described in 40 CFR 58.
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IX. APPENDIX G - UNIFORM AIR QUALITY INDEX AND
DAILY REPORTING
Ql How shold PSI reporting sites be selected?
A PSI site selection should be based on historical data. One site should
be a downtown or "urban center" site and at least one suburban site
should be selected to contrast differences between downtown and the
suburbs. Because ozone (03) is a pervasive pollutant, one of the
suburban sites should be in the downwind direction to reflect the
suspected highest 03 concentrations.
Q2 What kind of record keeping and format should be used for PSI?
A A calculation approach and record format is described in an EPA
Publication entitled, "Rapid Techniques for Calculating the Pollutant
Standards Index" EPA-600/4-78-002. This publication is being
revised to reflect the new ozone standard. The reporting agency
shall keep annual records of the frequency of index value occurrence
by site as required by Section 9 of Appendix G.
Q3 When must an agency begin reporting their air quality index and descriptor
words so as to conform with Appendix G?
A It is recommended that such a change should occur as soon as practical;
however, the uniform index must be in use by the time the reporting
requirement takes effect, (1/1/81 for an urban area greater than 500,000
or 1/1/83 for urban areas between 200,000 and 500,000).
Q4 How and what kind of exceptions to the Uniform Air Quality Index
and Daily Reporting required by Part 58.40 will be granted?
A Exceptions will be granted by the Administrator. Requests must be
submitted in writing and addressed to Director, MDAD, MD-14, RTP,
N.C. 27711, FTS # 629-5447, commercial # (919)541-5447. The request
must contain an adequate description of the exception being requested
and the logical support (justification) for such exceptions. The
following general guidance is offered:
a. No exceptions to the reporting frequencies required in Appendix G.
b. No exceptions to index and descriptor categories as described
in Appendix G. A State or local agency who has used a slightly
different descriptor word or phrase for many years (e.g., 10 years or
more) may wish to apply for an exception on the grounds that such an
exception will minimize public confusion. The application under this
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provision must address any potential confusion that a non-uniform
index may cause for nearby areas using the uniform index.
c. States having standards on particular air pollutants for which EPA
has no standard, may be granted an exception providing the State
can justify a new segmented linear function for the pollutant in
question with corresponding health effects information. If the
exemption is granted, the State would have to keep annual summaries
covering the National Uniform Index as well as the State modified
index.
Q5 Is there a deadline for requesting an exception under the exceptions
provisions?
A Exceptions to the descriptor words must be applied for by July 1, 1980.
Exceptions to allow for the creation of new pollutant subindices for
pollutants which have State standards, but do not have Federal standards,
should be applied for as soon as the need for such is identified. In
order to create a segmented linear equation for a new pollutant, the
State agency would have to document the appropriate health effects
for not only the standard, but the episode criteria and State significant
harm level as well.
Q6 When do the PSI sites have to be identified?
A Each PSI reporting agency will provide the Regional Office
with a list of PSI sites by July 1, 1980 for cities of 500,000 or
more and July 1, 1982 for cities of 200,000 or more.
15
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X- SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT DEADLINES established in the Regulations, FY-80
Agency Guidance Document and this guideline.
January 1, 1980
January 1, 1980
January 1, 1980
January 3, 1980
February 18, 1980
June 30, 1980
June 30, 1980
July 1, 1980
July 1, 1980
Monitoring SIP Revisions due for submittal to the
Regional Administrator
SLAMS network description (as defined in Part 58.20e)
to be submitted to the Regional Administrator
NAMS network description (as defined in Part 58.31)
to be submitted through the Regional Office to the
Administrator (MDAD)
All N02 instruments used in SLAMS or NAMS must be
reference or equivalent
All S0£, CO and 03 instruments used in SLAMS or NAMS
must be reference or equivalent
Written QA Program must be submitted to EPA Regional
Offices
The Reporting Organization List should be submitted
to EMSL and RO's
First quarterly NAMS P&A data report should be submitted to
the Regional Office and .EMSL for any reporting organization
that has data available
Last date for submission of requests for exceptions
to the descriptor words for the PSD to Director, MDAD
January 1, 1981
January 1, 1981
July 1, 1981
July 1, 1982
January 1, 1983
January 1, 1983
All proposed NAMS sites must have begun operation and
in compliance with Appendices A and E
Begin reporting PSI values in cities over 500,000
The first quarterly NAMS data report should be submitted
through the Regional Office to the Administrator
First annual SLAMS data summary is due to be submitted
through the Regional Office to the Administrator
All proposed SLAMS sites must have begun operation and be
in compliance with Appendices A & E
Begin reporting PSI values in cities over -200,000
16
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ATTACHMENT I
AN EXAMPLE SIP FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING
The following pages consist of an example of a SIP revision
that would be submitted by a State in order to comply with the require-
ments of Subpart C of 40 CFR 58. Requirements for Preparation, Adoption,
and Submittal of Implementation Plans, of 40 CFR Part 51 contains the
requirements with which States must comply in order to prepare and
submit approvable SIPs. Section 51.190 of Part 51 refers the reader
to Subpart C of 40 CFR 58 for the detailed SIP requirements concerning
air quality monitoring. Since Part 58 contains other requirements not
related to SIPs, Subpart C is set aside as that portion of Part 58
relating to SIP requirements for monitoring. The following example SIP
revision, therefore, consists only of material that satisfies Subpart C
or the ambient air quality monitoring portion of the SIP-
In order to avoid confusing the details of this example SIP revision
with the requirements for any specific State, a hypothetical situation
is represented. The SIP revision is for the State of Union in EPA
Region XI and would appear as the fifth section of Union's SIP. The
section number is arbitrary and is not meant to indicate that air
quality surveillance should be the fifth item in a SIP. The types of
methods or names of instruments; the numbers of stations to be moved,
added, or deleted; and the numbers of methods or instruments used in the
network were all arbitrarily chosen. The organization of the SIP revision
is also arbitrary.
The following example represents a comprehensive SIP revision that
would fully explain a State's monitoring program. The example, therefore,
contains more than what is actually required by Subpart C. The portions
of the example that have been bracketed are the portions that specifically
fulfill the Subpart C requirements. An approvable SIP revision need
only satisfy the Subpart C requirements and could consist of only the
portions indicated by brackets. As can be seen, however, the additional
material makes for a more readable and understandable SIP.
The following example is meant only to be an aid to States that
would like to have an example to work from when developing a SIP revision
for air quality surveillance. As mentioned above, an approvable SIP
revision may consist of only the information indicated by brackets; however,
that information may be organized in any way a States wishes.
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1-2
If a State chooses to add additional information to a SIP revision
for purposes of clarity or comprehensiveness such as is done in the
example, it should be realized that any future change to the situation
described will necessitate a public hearing and submittal to EPA of a
SIP revision. For example, a State's episode monitoring procedures may
change in the future which would cause the SIP to be inaccurate and
would necessitate a SIP revision to change the SIP t^ reflect the new
procedures. In such a case, it would have been less trouble to have not
included episode monitoring procedures in the SIP.
In general, a State should avoid including details or facts that
might possibly change. Conversely, the data reporting procedures in
the example SIP closely reflect the Subpart C requirements. A change in
those data reporting provisions would not be necessary unless Subpart C
were changed. The data reporting provisions could, therefore, be considered
an appropriate portion of the SIP revision.
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1-3
5.0 AIR QUALITY SURVEILLANCE NETWORK
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The State of Union has been monitoring air quality since 1956 when
the Union Department of Health placed dustfall buckets and sulfation
candles in several areas in the State which were considered high pollution
areas. In 1972, a plan was submitted to EPA for establishing an air quality
surveillance system in accordance with EPA regulations published in Section
420.17 of 42 CFR Part 420. The surveillance system established as a result
of that plan consists of 115 stations, the data from which are being
reported to EPA's AEROS data banks.
This section of Union's State Implementation Plan (SIP) consists of
provisions which meet the recent EPA regulations for monitoring air quality
58.20(a;
_which are in 40 CFR Part 58. The air quality surveillance network m
consists of the present network with certain modifications and additions.
Also, data will be reported to EPA under the new Part 58 reporting procedures.
The network will measure ambient levels of "criteria pollutants" or
those pollutants for which national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS)
have been established by EPA. The data will be used, among other things,
58.20(a)
for determining the status of attainment of NAAQS, as a basis for requiring
control of source emissions of criteria pollutants, for determining and
tracking air pollution episodes, for growth planning and zoning in urban
areas, for determining the impact of point or area sources, and for reporting
to the public the status of this State's air quality.
5.2 AIR QUALITY SURVEILLANCE NETWORK DESIGN
The modifications which will be made to the existing monitoring
network were determined jointly by representatives of the State of Union and
of EPA Region XI in meetings on February 12, 1979; May 16, 1979 and
July 9, 1979. The basis for determining the network design was the data
needs of EPA Region XI and the data needs of Union for SIP purposes. [The 58.20(b
process of network design was carried out as required by Appendix D of
40 CFR Part 58.
In accordance with Appendix D, the monitoring objective
and spatial scale of representativeness was established for each monitoring
station in the network.
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1-4
The monitoring objective for each station was chosen from among
the following four objectives:
a. Determining highest concentration;
b. Determining concentrations in areas of high population exposure;
c. Point or area source impact;
d. Background
The spatial scales of representativenesss are:
a. Microscale - up to 100 meters;
Middle Scale - 100 meters to 0.5 kilometers;
Neighborhood Scale - 0.5 to 4.0 kilometers;
Urban Scale - 4 to 50 kilometers;
Regional Scale - 50 kilometers and above.
The major changes to the existing network will be to:
a. Eliminate 17 hi-vol samplers, eight N02 bubblers (Arsem'te Method),
12 S02 bubblers (pararosaniline Method), and 5 Ozone analyzers (chemiluminescence).
b. Relocate 11 hi-vol samplers, 2 ozone analyzers (chemiluminescence),
9 CO analyzers (infrared), 1 NOo analyzer (chemiluminescence), and 7 tape
samplers.
c. Add one N02 analyzer (chemiluminescence), and 2 S02 analyzers
(automated pararosonaline method).
5.3 NETWORK DESCRIPTION
b.
c.
d.
e.
A full description of the monitoring network will be on file for
public inspection between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., Monday
through Friday excluding legal State holidays, at the Air Quality
Division of the Union Environmental Control Agency, Room 747, Environ-
mental Building, 13 Main Street, Capital City, Union.
The network description will include the following for each station
in the air quality surveillance network:
a. The SAROAD site identification form for existing stations;
b. The proposed locations for stations that are scheduled to be
established;
c. The identity of the monitoring method or analyzer used;
d. The identity of any necessary method of sample analysis,
e. The operating schedule;
f. The monitoring objective;
g. The spatial scale of representativeness.
58.20(e)
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1-5
Also on file for public inspection will be a schedule for:
a. Locating, placing into operation and filing the SAROAD site
identification form for any station which is not operating or located
correctly on (date of SIP revision submittal).
b. Implementing quality assurance procedures for any station for
which those procedures are not implemented by (date of SIP revision
submittal).
c. Re-siting each station not sited according to the siting
parameters of Appendix E of Part 58 by (date of SIP revision submittal).
5.4 STATION DESIGNATIONS
Each station in the air quality surveillance network provided for
by this SIP and described in the network description will be termed a
State and Local Air Monitoring Station or a SLAMS. Any other station
operated by the State of Union which is not necessary for inclusion
in the SIP network will be termed a Special Purpose Monitoring Station
or an SPM station.
58.20(e)
58.20(a)
5.5 AIR QUALITY MONITORING CRITERIA
As required by 40 CFR Part 58, all stations in the State of Union's
SLAMS network will be operated in accordance with the criteria established
by Subpart B of 40 CFR Part 58.
Each SLAMS will be sited in accordance with the siting parameters
contained in Appendix E to 40 CFR Part 58.
58.20(b)
Each continuous analyzer in a SLAMS will be operated on a continuous
basis and data gathered as hourly averages except for periods of maintenance
or calibration. Each manual method will be operated for a full 24-hour
period at six day intervals.
Method used in SLAMS will be reference or equivalent methods as
defined by EPA in Section 50.1 of 40 CFR Part 50, or will be a particulate
sampler for which a site-specific relationship to the hi-vol has been
established at the site of the SLAMS. Methods used by the State of
Union in its SLAMS network include:
58.20(b)
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1-6
a. The hi-vol (TSP)
b. The tape sampler (TSP)
c. Chemiluminescence analyzers for N02 and 03
d. The Sodium Arsenite Method (N02)
e. Infrared analyzers (CO)
f. The pararosanaline Method (S0?)
g. Coulometric analyzers (SCL)
The quality assurance procedures of Appendix A to 40 CFR Part 58
will be followed when operating the SLAMS network and processing air
quality data.
58.20(b)
5.6 EPISODE MONITORING
The concept of episode monitoring involves daily monitoring in
order to detect when ambient pollution levels reach concentrations
corresponding to an air quality episode and mor. Storing during episodes
to maintain surveillance of the situation. The State of Union will
operated SLAMS for declaring and monitoring episodes for CO, SOoj NOp,
03, and particulate matter in the cities of Springfield, Capital City,
Metropolis, and Union City. At least one episode station for each of
the five pollutants noted above will be operated in those cities. The
episode stations will use the following methods operated on a continuous
basis:
a.
b.
c,
d.
e.
NO,
so2
TSP
°3
CO
58.20(c)
Chemiluminescence analyzer (Monitor Labs 8440E)
Coulometric analyzer (Phillips PW 9700)
Tape sampler
Chemiluminescence analyzer (Bendix 8002, Melow OA325)
Infrared analyzer (Beckman 866, Lira 2025)
The tape samplers will be located in SLAMS that contain hi-vol samplers
designed to sample every six days. A site specific relationship between
a hi-vol and each tape sampler has been established for each station
as described in EPA guideline (Guidance for Selecting TSP Episode Monitoring
Methods, OAQPS, No. 1.2-114). Tape sampler data will, therefore, be converted
to an equivalent micrograms per cubic meter value for use in detecting
and monitoring episodes.
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1-7
In general, the stations will be located in areas of highest expected
pollutant concentration, or more than one station per pollutant will be
located in an area in an effort to detect all episodes.
One of the following three methods will be used to provide adequate
surveillance of monitoring data from episode stations in order that
episode level concentrations be detected on a real time basis:
a. Certain stations will be visited daily;
b. Certain more remote stations will be visited when evidence
indicates the possibility of an episode;
c. Certain stations with continuous analyzers are connected to an
alarm system that detects episode levels and transmits an alarm via
telephone lines to the Air Quality Division.
5.7 DATA REPORTING
Data from all SLAMS for an entire calendar year will be summarized
and submitted to EPA by July 1 of the following year. The values determined
and reported will be those values indicated in Appendix F to 40 CFR Part 58.
Other information as required by Appendix F will also be reported in the
annual report.
5.8 SPECIAL PURPOSE MONITORS
The State of Union will operate monitoring stations other than those
in the SLAMS network. These other stations will be termed Special Purpose
Monitor Stations (SPM) and will be used to supplement the SLAMS monitoring.
The SPM stations will be used for purposes such as determining areas where
permanent SLAMS need to be located, determining the effect of point sources,
research, and determining acceptable growth patterns.
If data from SPM stations are to be used for SIP purposes such as
support for control strategies, determination of attainment/nonattainment,
or model validation:
a. The method used will be a method which is acceptable for use
in a SLAMS as determined by Appendix C to 40 CFR Part 58;
b. Sampling will be continuous for automated methods or at least
one sample every six days for manual methods;
c. The monitor will be sited in accordance with siting parameters
of Appendix E to 40 CFR Part 58; and
d. The quality assurace procedure of Appendix A to 40 CFR Part 58
will be followed.
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1-8
5.9 ANNUAL REVIEW
Beginning March 1 of each year, the Union Air Quality Division
will review the air quality surveillance network to determine if there is
a SLAMS in every location from whch there is a need for ambient air quality
data or if all the stations in the SLAMS network are necessary. A report
of the findings will be submitted to EPA Region XI by July 1 of each
year along with a schedule to add stations to the SLAMS network, to
relocate stations, or to eliminate stations as the case may be. The
determination of the need to add, relocate, or delete stations will be
based on the network design criteria in Appendix D to 40 CFR Part 58 or
references therein.
58.20(d)
5.10 DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
The State of Union delegates the authority to operate and report
data from SLAMS to the Capital City Department of Health and the
Springfield County Health Department.
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EXAMPLE
NAMS NETWORK DESCRIPTION DY URBANIZED AREA
Urbanized
Area
Detroit,
Michigan
Ann Arbor,
Michigan
Jacksonville
Florida
SAROAD I.D. H or
Proposed Location
for New Site
356380004 F01
356380019101
356380024101
3500G0001F01
350060004F01
090090001F01
319 W. Elm St.
Pollutant
Monitored
TSP
so2
CO
°3
S02
S02
TSP
N02
°3
CO
Ref/Eqv, Method
Designation II or
Date Kxpectcd *
Ili-Vol
EQSA-1275-OOG
RFCA-0276-000
KOOA-n577-019
1/1/00
12/1/79
Ili-Vol
Rl'HA-0777-022
EQOA-0577-019
6/1/80
Operating
Schedule**
6th day
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
ConL i riuoun
Continuous
fit.h fl.iy
Continuous
Continuour,
Continuous
•
Monitoring
Objective
High Cone.
High Cone.
High Cone.
Iliyh Cone.
Iliqh Top.
High rop.
I-'x; osure
lli'lh Cone.
High I'op.
Exposure
Iliyh I'op.
Kxposuro
Iliyh Cone.
Spatial
Scale
Neighborhood
Neighborhood
Micro
Urban
Nei ghhorhood
Ni • i ijlil lorhoocl
Neighborhood
No i qhborhood
llrb.-m
Micro
Date Site began
or is expected
to begin operation
3/29/72
4/1/75
5/21/76
5/21/78
5/5/77
12/1/79
3/15/G9
6/7/65
3/111/74
6/1/00
Date Q.A.
Began or is
Expected to
Begin
3/s/no
12/15/80
3/1 /HI
1/1/flO
12/15/UO
3/20/HO
6/1/79
5/i/r.o
2/l/UO
6/1/00
Date site met
or is expected
to meet Appen.
E Require.
1/1/V9
—
2/2/79
1/1/00
1/J/UO
12/1/79
5/1/80
3/10/74
6/1/80
Date waiver
granted
from Appcn.
E Require.
None
None
None
11/2/79
None
Nono
1/1/80
None
None
N'one
Site will be operated April 1, through Oct. 31 annually.
* For hiyh volume TSP samiilers, enter hi-vol. For sites not curn:iil:, ontrr Llio
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i. REPORT NO. EPA 45u/4-7y-058 12
OAQPS # 1.2-126 |
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Guideline for the Implementation of the Ambient Air
Monitoring Regulations 40 CFR Part 58
7. AUTHOR(S)
Dennis R. Shipman
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Monitoring & Data Analysis Division
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Same as #9
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A guideline concerned with policies and procedures
Ambient Air Monitoring Regulations of May 10, 1979
in a question and answer format.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
for implementing the
(40 CFR Part 58), written
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS b. IDENTIFIERS/OPE
Ambient Air Monitoring
Monitoring Network Design and Siting
Monitoring Regulations
Measurement Methods
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT 19. SECURITY CLAJ
Standard distribution for all OAQPS
guideline documents. 20. SECURITY CLA<
EN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
5S (This Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES
>S (This page) 2 2 . P R I C E
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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