United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Region 3
6th and Walnut Streets
Philadelphia, PA 19106
September 1979
&EPA
Draft Environmental
Impact Statement
Appendices
Horsham-Warminster-
Warrington,Pennsylvania
Wastewater Treatment
Facilities
-------
Draft Environmental Impact Statement
Appendices
on
Horsham-Warmins ter-Warrington, Pennsylvania
Wastewater Treatment Facilities
Prepared by:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region III
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
RICHARD V. PEPINO, PROJECT MONITOR
D. JEFFREY BARNETT, ASSISTANT PROJECT MONITOR
Prepared with the assistance of:
WAPORA, Inc.
Berwyn, Pennsylvania
ROBERT SCOTT, PROJECT MONITOR
Type of action:
Legislative ( )
Administrative ( X )
-------
APPENDICES
A Septic Tank System Analysis
B Soil Suitability of Developable Land
C Quality of Groundwater from Wells
D PA-DER Criteria for Surface Water Quality
E Baseline Water Quality Conditions
F Peak Discharge for Little Neshaminy Creek and Park Creek
G Population Estimates by Subarea
H Distribution of Land Uses by Subarea
I Institutional Responsibilities in Land Use Management
J AICUZ Recommendations for Land Use Changes
K Community Services
L Historic Cultural Resource Inventory
M Cost of Alternative Systems
N Overview of Waste Management Systems
-------
LIST OF TABLES
B-l Soil suitability of developable residentialy zoned land for land
disposal of wastewater by subarea (in acres)
C-l Quality of water in public water supply wells in Horsham
C-2 Quality of water in public water supply wells in Warrington
C-3 Quality of water in public water supply wells in Warminster
D-l Water quality parameters associated with stream criteria and
effluent limitations
E-l Reported values for water quality in the planning area
F-l Peak discharges of Little Neshaminy Creek and Park Creek
G-l Population estimates for the planning area, 1975-2020, by subareas
H-l Land use in the planning area by subarea, 1978
H-2 Land use categories use for land use mapping of the planning area
1-1 Public institutional responsibilities in land use managment in
southeastern PA
K-l Parks and recreational lands in the planning area
M-l Costs for alternative 1 by municipality
M-2 Costs for alternative 2 by municipality
M-3 Costs for alternative 3 by municipality
M-4 Costs for alternative 4 by municipality
M-5 Costs for alternative 5 by municipality
N-l Four land application systems
ii
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
B-l Soil suitability for subsurface disposal systems
C-l Geology and well locations
K-l Major industrial and commercial concentration
K-2 Public school and community services
-------
APPENDIX A
Septic Tank System Analysis
by
US-EPA Environmental Photographic Interpretation Center (EPIC)
A-l
-------
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ANO SUPPORT LABORATORY - LAS VEGAS
P.O. BOX 15027. LAS VE6AS. NEVADA 89114 • 702/738-2989 |RS 555-2969)
Date: December 6, 1978
Reply to
Attn of:
. RSD
Subject: Horsham, Harrington, and Warminster EIS
To: Mr. Robert Pickett, 3IR60
EIS Preparation Section
Region III
Enclosed is completed report of the land use/cover inventory and
septic tank system analysis for Horsham, Warrington, and Warmister
Townships in Pennsylvania (RSD Project 7855)
Inquiries concerning this report should be directed to the Program
Manager at the Environmental Photographic Interpretation Center,
FXS 557-3110.
David N. McNelis
Director
Remote Sensing Division
Enclosure
cc:(w/o encl)
N. DeBenedictis (3IROO) Reg. Ill
A. Trakowski (RD-680)
M. Mastracci (RD-674)
R. Jaquish, RLS, EMSL-LV
V. Webb, EPIC, EMSL-LV
F. Clawson, EMSL-LV
A-3
-------
Introduction
The following report was produced at the request of the EIS Pre-
paration Section, EPA Region III for inclusion in an environmental
impact statement being prepared by the Regional office for evaluation
of alternative sewage collection systems for Warrington, Warminster,
and Horsham Townships in southeastern Pennsylvania (see location diagram).
The three requested tasks that have been completed by EPIC include:
1) the compilation of photo-mosaics of the three townships,
2) the preparation of land use/cover maps for the three
townships, and,
3) a photo-analysis of the area for the purpose of iden-
tifying and locating failing on-lot septic tank systems.
Photo-Mosaics and Land Use/Cover
Color aerial photography exposed at a scale of 1:24,000 was utilized
to produce the prints used in compiling the photo-mosaics, and also in
the analysis of land use/cover categories. The modified Level II land
use/cover scheme used included the following categories:
1 Urban and Built-up Land
11 Residential
12 Commercial/Services/Institutional
13 Industrial and Utilities
14 Transportation and Communications
15 Recreational Areas and Facilities
2 Agriculture
21 Cropland and Pasture
3 Rangeland
32 Shrub, Brushland and Grassland
4 Forestland
41 Mixed Forest
5 Water
52 Lakes and Ponds
7 Barren Land
76 Transitional Land/Construction
A-4
-------
Septic Tank System Analysis
Utilizing normal color, color infrared, and thermal infrared imagery
acquired 2 June 1978, an analysis was done on Warrington, Warminster,
and Horsham Townships to identify and locate individual home septic
tank systems exhibiting signs of failure at the time of the overflight.
Failure of such systems can usually be attributed to one or more of
the following causes: 1) the soil used in the absorption field has too
slow a percolation rate to allow for adequate assimilation, filtration,
and biodegradation of sewage effluent flowing into it, 2) the septic
tank system is installed in an area where the seasonal water table is too
high for its designed use, 3) the system is installed too close to an
underlying impervious layer, 4) the soil used in the absorption field has
too high a percolation rate for effective attenuation of sewage effluent
prior to its reaching underlying groundwater, 5) mechanical malfunctions
or breakage in the septic tank, distribution box, and/or drainage pipes
has occurred, 6) caustic, toxic, or otherwise harmful substances which
could kill the bacteria in the septic tank or soil and cause clogging
have been flushed into the system, and 7) all or part of the system has
been improperly installed. Other potential causes for on-lot disposal
system malfunctions can be found in Reference (1).
With respect to remote sensing of failing septic tank systems, only
those malfunctions which are noticeable on the surface can be detected on
aerial imagery. Based upon work done in Nettle Lake (Ohio), Steuben
County (Indiana), and the Dayton-Springfield area in Ohio, it has been
determined that the primary surface manifestations associated with failing
septic tanks and/or absorption fields are: 1) conspicuously lush vege-
tation, 2) dead vegetation (specifically grass), 3) standing water or
seepage, and 4) dark soil where excess organic matter has accumulated.
In many cases, the outline of the drainage lines can be distinguished on
the aerial photography. This does not always mean, however, that a
problem exists.
All of these manifestations, or "signatures", are best distinguished
on normal color and color infrared film exposed at scales of 1:10,000
or larger. Thermal infrared imagery does not appear to be as valuable
in discerning failing systems during this time of the year (i.e. spring
or summer). It may be a more effective sensor, however, in either the
fall or winter when the importance of vegetation characteristics diminish
(e.g. when grass is dormant or light snow-cover is present), and tempera-
ture differences between sewage effluent and the ground become greater.
Using the above signatures as "photo-interpretation keys", approxi-
mately one hundred and twenty (120) homesites in Warrington, Warminster,
and Horsham Townships were chosen for subsequent ground inspection. Of
these, sixty-eight (68) were determined to have failing septic tanks or
absorption fields at the time of the inspection. An additional twenty-
five (25) systems exhibited signs of having failed in the past, or having
the potential for malfunctioning during periods of excessive use of
moderate to heavy rainfall.
A-5
-------
The overestimation of suspect sites was due to the similarity in sig-
natures of failing septic systems and some unrelated ground phenomena,
and the possibility that some of these sites were exhibiting signs of
malfunctioning systems during the overflight, but were not doing so
during the time of the ground inspection. Despite the excess number
of suspect sites, most, if not all, of the major failures were believed
to have been identified and located. Thus, based upon the photo analysis,
and the subsequent ground inspection, it was concluded that there are
several residential areas within the three townships that are experiencing
problems with on-lot sewage disposal systems which result in visible
seepage, break-outs, or other types of wastewater release.
Reference
1) Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Resources,
Technical Manual for Sewage Enforcement Officers, May 1975.
A-6
-------
APPENDIX B
Soil Suitability of Developable Land
B-l
-------
Table B-l. Summary of soil suitability of developable residentially
zoned land for land disposal of wastewater, by subarea (in acres).
Suitable Probably Not Not Suitable
Subarea Land Area Suitable Land Area Land Area
1 8 51 42
2 22 66 131
312 1
4 50 309 254
5 13 41 13
6 0 28 200
7 32 151 104
8 49 160 82
11 (Warrington 88 32 181
only)
B-3
-------
APPENDIX C
Quality of Groundwater from Wells
in Planning Area
C-l
-------
PLANNING AREA BOUNDARY
HORSHAM TOWNSHIP
MUNIPAL AUTHORITY WELL
WARRINGTON TOWNSHIP
MUNICIPAL AUTHORITY WELL
WARUINSTER TOWNSHIP
MUNICIPAL AUTHORITY WELL
FORMATION CONTACT
DASHED WHERE APPROXIMATELY LOCATED
MEMBER CONTACT T STOCKTON
DASHED WHERE APPROXIMATELY LOCATED RSU UPPER SHALE MEMBER
TR1ASSIC
LOCATONS FORMATION
"Be , TRIASSIC STOCKTON FORMATION
^
^
RMATION
'..
^
\ 2
V
v
s
N
• V
3 X
"15
!'
N\
T. >• '
Rsm
- \\
- . -.
'',
10
FAULT
ANTICLINE
TRIASSIC DIABASE DIKE
STOCKTON
MIDDLE ARKOSE MEMBER
STOCKTON
LOWER ARKOSE MEMBER
FIGURE C-T
GEOLOGY AND WELL LOCATIONS
C-3
-------
Table C-l. Quality of water in public water supply wells located in the Horsham Municipal Authority
service area in the Horsham, Warrington, and Warminster planning area. The location of wells is
depicted in Figure C-l. Values are expressed in mg/1 except where otherwise noted. Blanks indi-
cate that no measurements are recorded (BCDH 1978) .
PARAMETER
Map
Well
Date No.
July 1977 HI
112
113
o
4v 114
H 5
116
H7
H8
H9
H10
1111
H12
Turbidity
1
1
I
1
1
1.5
1
1
1
1
1
1
-------
Table C-2. Quality of water in public water supply wells located in Warrington Township Municipal
Authority service area in the Horsham, Warrington, Warminster planning area. The location of
wells is depicted in Figure C-l. Values are expressed in mg/1 except where otherwise noted.
Blanks indicate that no measurements are recorded (BCDH 1978).
PA II A METER
o
1
(Jl
Dace
March 1977
July 1977
July 1975
December 1975
December 1976
August 1976
January 1978
January 1977
January 1978
July 1977
Map
Well
No.
I & 2
1 £, 2
2
3
3
4
5
5
5
5
X
«j
v<
•d
•H
.0
to
H
1
<1
<1
<1
1
2.5
1.5
<1
1.5
< 1
w
4-1
•l-f
cj
3
ra
o.
8.4
7.6
7.5
7.0
7.6
7.9
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
>.
u
M PI
a o
•H U
•a a
.*
3 3
112
22
102
542
166
158
184
92
104
92
VI
VI
W
•H o
p n
5 *J
M'H
H w
0.05
0.06
0.02
0.02
O.Q5
0.04
0.11
0.04
0.1)
0.04
e
D
0 C4
4J O
Ti *•<
JJ >H
•rl ^,
va
0.024
0.02
0
0.032
0.018
0.02
0.024
0.024
0.024
0.024
,.( E
• 0} a)
•M bO
III O
H U
.11 tJ
,1H Tl
3.06
3.5
1. 88
2. 13
1.22
2.42
1.74
0.56
J.74
0.56
o
j:
Cu
0.07
0.07
0.1
0.05
0.06
2.1
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
-------
Table C-3. Quality of water in public water supply wells located in Warminster Township Municipal
Authority service area in the Horsham, Warrington, Warminster planning area. The location of
wells is depicted in Figure C-l. Values are expressed in mg/1 except where otherwise noted.
Blanks indicate that no measurements were recorded (BCDH 1978).
PARAMETER
Date
July
o
i
October 1973
February 1975
December 1975
March 1976
December 1976
Map
Well
No.
WMl
WM2
WM3
WM4
WM4
WM13
WM14
WM15
WM6
WM8
WM9
WM7
S
3
>i VI
U U
f< -H
•O C
-H 3
M
3 W .
H 0.
<1 6.9
<1 7.
<1 7.
<1 7.
2 7.
1 7.
<1 7.
<1 0.
<1 7.
<1 7.
<1 7.
1 7.
1
I
5
2
7
6
I
6
7
8
4
Alkalinity
as CaC03
46
114
150
112
132
124
85
130
126
126
108
140
Hardness
132
143
154
176
414
165
143
143
144
162
96
170
Ansonia
Nitrogen
0.05
0.06
0.05
0.09
0.04
0.02
0
0.06
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.07
Nitrite
Mitrogea
0.04
0.05
0.036
0.05
0.016
0.004
0.024
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.034
0.016
Nitrate
Nitrogen
4.10
4.
3.
3.
0,
3.
1.
0.
3.
4.
3.
3.
10
96
96
24
3
04
1
0
08
36
06
Chloride
33
22
15
21
7
16
44
13
19
20
16
16
0. )4
0.1
0.11
0.12 0.06
0.1
0.1
0.07
0.01 0.07
0.01 0.12
< .01 O.J3
0 .01 0.12
-------
APPENDIX D
PA-DER Criteria for Surface
Water Quality
D-l
-------
Table D-l. Water quality parameters associated with stream criteria and effluent limitations
within the Horsham, Warminster, Warrington Pennsylvania planning area (PA-DER 1978). Stream
criteria are extracted from Chapter 93, Title 25 of the Pennsylvania Code; effluent limita-
tions are according to the "Neshaminy C Criteria" issued by PA-DER pursuant to the Pennsylvania
Clean Streams Law as amended through 1976. NC means no criterion.
o
GO
PARAMETER
Coliform Bacteria
pH (pH units)
*
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/1)
Total Iron (mg/1)
Color (units)
Turbidity (units)
Temperature
BOD5 (mg/1)
STREAM
Not more than 5,000/100 ml as a
monthly average value nor more
than this number in more than 20%
of samples collected during
any month, nor more than 20,000/
100 ml in more than 5% of the
samples
6.0 - 8.5
Minimum daily average 5,0 mg/1;
no value less than 4.0 mg/1
£1.5
<50
£100
Not. more than a 5°F rise above ambient
temperature or a maximum of 87 °F,
whichever is less; rate of change
shall not. exceed 2°F per hour
£4.0 mg/1
EFFLUENT
£200 fecal organisms/100 ml
as the geometric mean
6.0 - 9.0
Same as in-stream
NC
NC
NC
NC
During the period 1 May to
31 October;
£6 as monthly average
£l5 at any time
During the period 1 Novembe:
to 30 April:
£12 monthly average
<30 at any time
-------
Table D-l. Water quality parameters (continued).
PARAMETER
Suspended Solids (mg/1)
Dissolved Solids (mg/1)
NH3 - N (mg/1)
Total Nitrogen (mg/1)
STREAM
Phosphate (total soluble)
Chlorine
Heavy Metals
(Cd, Cr, Ni, Hg, Pb,
Zn, Cu)
NC
Not more than 500 mg/1 as a
Monthly average value; not more
than 750 mg/1 at any time
<1.5a
NC
NC
NC
NC
EFFLUENT
£30 as monthly average
<100 at any time-
NC
During the period 1 June
to 31 October:
7 day average <3.0
During the period 1 June to
31 October:
£8 mg/1
During the period 1 November
to 31 May:
£24 mg/1
NC
NC
NC
Stream criterion from "Neshaminy C Criteria",
-------
Table D-l. Water quality parameters (concluded).
General Water Quality Criteria
(a) Water shall not contain substances attributable to municipal, industrial, or other
waste discharges in concentration or amounts sufficient to be inimical or harmful
to the water uses to be protected or to human, animal, plant or aquatic life.
(b) Specific substances to be controlled shall include, but shall not be limited to,
floating debris, oil, scum, and other floating materials, toxic substances and
substances which produce color, tastes, odors, or settle to form sludge deposits.
-------
APPENDIX E
Baseline Water Quality Conditions
E-l
-------
Table E-l. Reported values for water quality parameters in the Horsham-Warminster-Warrington planning area, Montgomery and Bucks Counties,
Pennsylvania, 1968-1977.. Samples from all stations indicated ambient stream conditions except at Stations 3, 7, 9, and 11, where STP
effluent was collected. Station locations are indicated in Figure . NM indicates that the parameter was not measured.
STATIONS
la
CHEMICAL PARAMETER
Temperature (CC)
Avg. (range)
*
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/1)
Avg. (range)
BODs (mg/1)
Avg. (range)
pH (pH units)
Avg. (range)
Total Dissolved
Solids (mg/1)
Avg. (range)
'Total Suspended
Solids (mg/1)
Avg. (range)
Nitrates (as N) (mg/1)
Avg. (range)
Ammonia Nitrogen
(as N)(mg/l)
Av-. (range)
Phosphates (as P04)
(mg/1)
Avg. (range)
Turbidity (units not
A1/.;, (i ;iiij;i!)
Color (units not
/specified)
Avg. (range)
Tot.il Coll form/100 ml
Avg. (range)
1967 - 1968
14.3
(0.5-25.0)
11.3
(5.0-13.0)
NM
7.6
(6.8-8.9)
217
(176-298)
NM
1.00
(0.07-4.54)
NM
0.28
(0.13-0.60)
5
(1-12)
11
(2-40)
2,316
(90-28,500)
1968 - 1969 2b
12.0
(0.5-22.0) (19.5-28.5)
10.7
(5.0-17.8) (3.4-10.3)
NM NM
7.5 NM
(7.1-8.5)
216 NM
(173-267)
NM NM
1.01
(0.05-4.54) (0.04-0.36)
NM
(0.06-0.12)
0.40
(0.19-0.72) (0.24-1.10)
8 NM
(2-40)
11 NM
(2-30)
1,259 NM
(110-3,400)
3C 4b 1967 - 1968
14.5
NM (18.5-24.0) (0.3-31.0)
11.5
NM ( 2.8-10.9) (5.9-16.1)
23 NM NM
7.0 NM 7.6
(6.5-8.8)
NM NM 218
(172-272)
57 NM NM
2.45 0.89
(0.40-0.48) (0.12-3.82)
11.85 NM
(0.24-0.44)
5.7 0.21
(0.06-0.14) (0.12-0.69)
16 NM 11
(1-116)
NM NM 9
(3-30)
NM NM 1,244
(20-5,800)
1968 - 1969
13.5
(0.5-26.0)
12.1
(7.0-18.0)
NM
7.7
(6.9-8.8)
250
(204-323)
NM
1.13
(0-3.82)
NM
0.32
(0.16-0.71)
5
(2-10)
9
O-20)
: ,: 02
6b
(18.5-26.0)
( 6.0-10.2)
NM
NM
NM
N>I
(1.32-3.08)
(0.10-0.20)
(0.50-1.52)
NM
NM
NM
-------
Table E-l. Reported values for water quality parameters in the Horshatn-Warminster-Warrington planning area (continued)
CHEMICAL PARAMETER
Temperature (°C)
Avg. (range)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/1)
Avg. (range)
BOD5 Oing/1)
Avg, (range)
pH (pH units)
Avg. (range)
Total Dissolved
Solids (mg/1)
Avg. (range)
Total Suspended
rn Solids '(mg/1)
-P» Avg. (range)
Nitrates (as N) (mg/1)
Avg. (range)
Ammonia Nitrogen
(as N)(mg/l)
Avg . ( range)
Phosphates (as P(>4)
Avg. (range)
Turbidity (units .not
specified)
Avg. (range)
Color (units not
' specified)
Avg. (range)
Total Coliforms/100 ml NM NM 2,112 2,343 NM NM NM NM NM
Avg. (range) (40-11,000) (350-11,000)
7
7C 7b
NM 21.0
NM
(4.8-6.4)
23 14.0
NM 6.8
NM NM
NM 50
1.29
(1.32-3.08)
5.52
(0.10-0.20)
3.93
(0.50-1.52)
NM 27
NM NM
1967 - 1968
12.7
(0.3-26.5)
10.4
(7.6-15.0)
NM
7.2
(6.7-8.2)
199
(172-226)
NM
1.74
(0.69-5.89)
NM
0.81
(0.31-1.91)
7
(1-21)
14
(5-30)
8a 9 11
1968 - 1969 9° 9b 10b 11° llb
11.0 NM 24.0 NM
(0.5-24.5) (19.0-28.5) 23.0
10.8 NM NM
(6.0-15.) (4.0-4.9) ( 3.4-10.7) (4.0-8.2)
NM 19 NM 17
(18.0-54.4) 12.0
7.3 72 NM NM 72 NM
(6.8-8.2)
263 NM NM NM NM NM
(202-373)
NM 39 NM NM 37 NM
1.56 3.14 7.26 10.3
(0.49-5.39) (1.24-3.52) 11.00
NM 8.84 1.32 6.28 9.24
(0.38-2.53)
0.87 7.77 11.00 11.3
(0.34-2.24) (1.00-4.29) 8.03
9 17 NM NM 18 NM
(5-18)
12 NM NM NM NM NM
(6-25)
-------
Table E-l. Reported values for water quality parameters in the Horsham-Warmlnster-Warrington planning area (continued).
12
14*
CHEMICAL PARAMETER
Temperature (°C)
Avg. (range)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/1)
Avg. (range)
BOD5 (mg/1)
Avg. (range)
pH (pH units)
Avg. (range)
Total Dissolved
Solids (mg/1)
Avg. (range)
Total Suspended
Solids (mg/1)
m Avg. (range)
01
Nitrates (as. N) (mg/1)
Avg. (range)
Ammonia Nitrogen
(as N) (rag/1)
Avg. (range)
Phosphates (as P04)
Avg. (range)
Turbidity (units not
specified)
Avg. (range)
Color (units not
specified)
Avg. (range)
Total Coliforms/100 ml
Avg. (range)
j.£>
1967 - 1968
13.8
(2.0-26.5)
8.5
(4.1-13.6)
NM
7.0
(6.8-7.3)
260
(218-302)
NM
2.87
(0.89-11.1)
NM
10.8
(2.28-49.4)
9
C2-18)
20
C8-401
1,386
(0-5,800)
1968 - 1969 12b
12.0
(0.5-26) (19.0-26.0)
8.6
(2.2-13.0) (5.5-8.7)
NM NM
7.1 NM
(6.9-7.3)
344 NM
(238-452)
NM NM
2.96
(0.95-11.06) (6.38-14.08)
NM
(5.39-5.72)
16.7
(2.07-49.4) (7.81-8.69)
15 NM
(.5-100)
19 NM
(10-60)
1,954 NM
(.0-7,400)
13b 1967 - 1968
13.6
(19.5-24.0) (0.5-28.0)
9.1
(3.0-5.2) (4.9-13.2)
NM NM
NM 7.1
(6.8-7.5)
NM 256
(202-314)
NM NM
3.2
(0.46-9.68) (0.55-12.7)
NM
(4.4-5.17)
9.55
(7.34-8.25) (1.59-41.2)
NM 7
(1-30)
NM 24
(5-40)
NM 2,122
(90-5,700)
1968 - 1969
12.0
(0.5-26.5)
9.8
(4.9-17.0)
NM
7.3
(7.0-7.8)
316
(232-424)
NM
3.50
(0.83-12.72)
NM
15.45
(2.08-41.2)
14
(5-115)
15
(7-60)
2,025
(160-5,500)
-------
Table E-l. Reported values for water quality parameters in the Horsham-Warminster-Warrington planning area (concluded).
Data from Broadfoot et al. 1969, 1970. Duplicate samples were taken at three week intervals during the period September 1967
to September 1968 and during the period September 1968 to August 1969.
Data from Water Resource Engineers 1976. All in-stream samples were collected on 4 August 1976. At each station the
in-stream samples were collected during the early morning (0400 to 0630) and during the midday (1230 to 1420). Effluent
sample values were taken from the monthly operating reports of the respective STP's:
pi
Data from Bucks County Planning Commission 1977. The values for each STP are yearly averages (1974-1975) computed from the
monthly operating reports of the respective STP's.
-------
APPENDIX F
Peak Discharge for Little Neshaminy Creek
and Park Creek
F-l
-------
Table F-l. Peak discharges of Little Neshaminy Creek and Park Creek during the 10, 50, 100, and 500
year storm events (US-HUD 1978).
Drainage Area
(sq mi)
Peak Discharges (cfs)
10 Year 50 Year 100 Year 500 Year
Little Neshaminy Creek
Downstream of Warrington
Corporate Limits 25.4
Downstream of Warminster
Corporate Limits
28.7
2,437
2,492
4,225
4,334
5,489
5,851
10,850
11,350
CO
Park Creek
Confluence with Little
Neshaminy Creek
11.6
1,780
2,747
3,104
3,824
-------
APPENDIX G
Population Estimates by Subarea
G-l
-------
TableG-1.Population estimates for the Horsham, Warminster, and Warrington
Pennsylvania, planning area, 1975 - 2020, by subarea.
Subarea 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2010 2020
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
498
1,471
46
589
380
305
762
608
1,119
145
43,371
732
2,229
46
656
404
336
807
904
1,188
145
46,657
861
2,591
46
744
435
377
865
1,270
1,298
145
47,565
975
2,909
46
799
456
402
897
1,475
1,329
145
48,357
1,114
3,712
93
859
484
526
1,010
1,586
1,344
171
48,834
1,253
4,523
142
919
512
650
1,123
1,661
1,361
196
49,343
1,322
4,930
164
1,103
599
1,209
1,465
1,946
1,369
273
49,517
1,388
5,335
191
1,287
688
1,406
1,806
2,231
1,376
350
49,690
Total
Plan-
ning
Area 49,294 54.104 56,197 57,790 59,715 61,683 63,717 65,748
6-3
-------
APPENDIX H
Distribution of Land Uses by Subarea
H-l
-------
Table H-l.
1978.
Land use in the Horsham, Warminster, and Warrington, Pennsylvania planning area, by subarea
Subarea
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
T arlf1
•ljeillu
346
1,275
84
1,807
784
cd
•H
4-1
0
-H
CD
45.1
28.3
7.1
11.8
12.4
CO
C
O
•H
cO
O
(U
rt
c
O
-H
>•,
-------
Table H-2. Land 'use categories used for land use mapping of the Horsham,
Warminster, and Warrington, Pennsylvania planning area.
Land Use Category
Definition
Residential
Land in residential use, ranging from high density multiple-unit
structures to low density estates on large lots.
Commercial, Services, and Institutional Land used predominantly for the sale
of products and services, as well as institutions such as schools
or churches, public buildings, professional and office buildings,
health facilities, and the grounds and parking areas that are
related to such uses.
Industrial Light to heavy manufacturing plants, industrial parks, and the
grounds and parking areas that are related to such plants.
Utilities All public service utilities, including sewage treatment plants,
high-tension electric power lines, underground gas pipelines and
associated rights-of-way.
Recreational Parks, playgrounds, and public recreation areas; public and
private golf courses and driving ranges.
Transitional (Under Construction) Land undergoing change, such as construction
of structures, during preparation of land use map.
Cemeteries
Cemeteries
Military Installation The entire properties of the Willow Grove Naval Air Station
(Horsham Township) and the Naval Air Development Center (Warminster
Township).
Railroad
Railroad tracks and associated rights-of-way.
Underdeveloped Non-urbanized land including forests, oldfield and scrub,
cropland, pasture, and other agriculturally related uses not
included in any previous category.
H-4
-------
APPENDIX I
Institutional Responsibilities in Land Use Management
1-1
-------
Table 1-1. Public institutional responsibilities in land use management in
southeastern Pennsylvania.
LEVEL OF
GOVERNMENT
AGENCY
MAJOR RESPONSIBILITIES
Federal
US-EPA
State
US-HUD
Department of
Community Affairs
Department of Envi-
Regional
Delaware Valley
Regional Planning
Commission
No direct responsibilities except
through funds provided for water and
air quality management planning;
review of NPDES and PSD permits.
Provides 701 planning funds to
counties and eligible municipalities
Implementation and enforcement of
Municipalities Planning Code
(PA Act 247)
Review of Federal and State funded
redevelopment and renewal plans
Provision of technical services to
counties and municipalities
Issues land development-related permits
(erosion and sedimentation control,
dams and encroachments, water supply,
sewage facilities)
Reviews and approves sewage facility
plans, revisions, and supplements (as
required by PA Act 537)
Reviews, prioritizes, and approves
Federally-funded construction grants
applications and plans for sewage
facilities
Issues UPDES permits
A-95 Areawide Clearinghouse
Designated 208 water quality management
agency for continuing planning under
CWA
Responsibilities for inter-county
coordination on a multitude of
planning matters
Regional planning responsibilities in
transportation, housing, and air
quality
1-3
-------
Table 1-1. Public institutional responsibilities in land use management
(concluded).
LEVEL OF
GOVERNMENT
Regional
County
AGENCY
Delaware River
Basic Commission
Bucks County and
Montgomery County
Planning Commission
Municipal
Bucks County and
Montgomery County
Conservation
Districts
Planning Commissions
Zoning Hearing Board
Governing body
MAJOR RESPONSIBILITIES
Review and recommendations on sewage
facility plans and state-issued
permits
Review of all land development proposals
as required by PA Act 247
Original preparation of official sewage
facility plans (as required by PA Act
537) and review of plan revisions
Coordination among municipalities for
Federally-funded 201 sewage facility
planning and other planning efforts
Development of county plans addressing
housing, transportation, open space,
land use, and other concerns
Technical planning assistance to
municipalities
Review of major subdivision plans and
permit applications for erosion and
sedimentation control
Prepare zoning and sub-division
ordinances, master plans, and official
maps
Review and make recommendations on land
development proposals, zoning variances
and special exceptions, and other land
management decisions
Hear and decide on requests for zoning
cnanges, variances, and special
exceptions (judicial function)
Adoption of all ordianances, plans, and
official maps (legislative function)
Approval of all land development
proposals
Provision of municipal services, includ-
ing police, recreation, libraries, and
financial assistance to fire companies
1-4
-------
APPENDIX J
AICUZ Recommendations for
Land Use Changes
J-l
-------
AIR INSTALLATION COMPATIBLE USE ZONE
NAVAL AIR STATION WILLOW GROVE
WILLOW GROVE, PENNSYLVANIA
NORTHERN DIVISION
NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND
CONTRACT NO.
N62467-76-C-0149
Prepared by
CH2M HILL
RESTON, VIRGINIA
For
SOUTHERN DIVISION
NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND
J-3
-------
TABLE V-5
LAND USE COMPATIBILITY MATRIX
CLEARLY
UNACCEPTABLE
VQO NORMALLY
OOO UNACCEPTABLE
NORMALLY
ACCEPTABLE
CLEARLY
ACCEPTABLE
SOURCE: CH2M HILL
•25 PERSONS OR MORE PER ACRE
"10 PERSONS OR LESS PER ACRE
AICUZ ZONES
C7 CLEAR ZONE
ATPinFNT POTFNTIAI 7ONF 1
NO NOISE ZONE
ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE II
" NO NOISE ZONE
•j ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE I
HIGH NOISE ZONE 3
-, ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE I
MODERATE NOISE ZONE 2
i. •< ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE 11
, ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE 11
""- MODERATE NOISE ZONE 2
, NO ACCIDENT POTENTIAL
• HIGH NOISE ZONE
NO ACCIDENT POTENTIAL
MODERATE NOISE ZONE
P
LU
O
W
UJ
CC
Q
UJ
2
^
t"s
>. CO t
RESIDENTIAL - LOW DENSI
(1 DU/Acre or less)
RESIDENTIAL - MEDIUM DE
DEVELOPMENT (2-4 DU's
L.
vsXw
VS6W
.1- CO
> ° z
f- a w
RESIDENTIAL - HIGH DENS
APARTMENTS (5 DU's/Ac
COMMERCIAL - RETAIL, IN
1
CXX
/^Xxx
v/C^x*x_,
r^v\r
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^ Q. 5 LLl —
COMMERCIAL - WHOLESAL
COMMERCIAL - PLANNED S
AND DRINKING ESTABLI!
SERVICES - PERSONAL, BU!
OFFICES
SERVICES - INDOOR RECRE
ACTIVITIES
\^\s{ ^5^3^^
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INSTITUTIONAL - SCHOOLS
NURSING HOMES
INSTITUTIONAL - GOVERM
RECREATIONAL - PLAYGRC
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RECREATIONAL - COMMUN
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INDUSTRIAL - MANUFACTU
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'N/x/V
' * * * *
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TRANSPORTATION, UTILITIE
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WILDLIFE MANAGEMEMT, FC
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OPEN SPACE. WATER BODIE
1 ^ ! ! ! .
-------
TABLE V-6
LAND USE OBJECTIVES MATRIX
;| 1 1 1 1 1 NO NEW
|| 1 1 1 1 II DEVELOPMENT
OOO RESTRICTED
' * X*> NEW DEVELOPMENT
NQ RESTRICTION
SOURCE: CH2M HILL
•RESTRICTED TO NOT MORE
THAN 25 PERSONS/ACRE.
"RESTRICTED TO NOT MORE
THAN 10 PERSONS/ACRE.
AICUZ ZONES
CZ CLEAR ZONE
, ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE I
' NO NOISE ZONE
.. ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE 11
11 NO NOISE ZONE
. , ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE I
'"•' HIGH NOISE ZONE 3
. , ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE 1
'"- MODERATE NOISE ZONE 2
.. , ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE 11
"'* HIGH NOISE ZONE 3
„ , ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE II
"- MODERATE NOISE ZONE 2
NO ACCIDENT POTENTIAL
' HIGH NOISE ZONE
NO ACCIDENT POTENTIAL
2 MODERATE NOISE ZONE
LAND USE
j
<
H
2
UJ
O
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sX$<
KXX
xYY
!ysx
'0$
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RESIDENTIAL - HIGH DENSITY, MOBILE
APARTMENTS (5 DU's/Acre or more)
COMMERCIAL - RETAIL, INTENSIVE *
KXX
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sX/C
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INSTITUTIONAL - SCHOOLS, CHURCHES,
NURSING HOMES
INSTITUTIONAL - GOVERNMENTAL SERV
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RECREATIONAL - PLAYGROUNDS, NEIGH
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PARKS
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RECREATIONAL - GOLF COURSES
RECREATIONAL - SPECTATOR SPORTS R
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GROUP CAMPS, ENTERTAINMENT ASSE
INDUSTRIAL - MANUFACTURING. INTENS
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i
I
01
-------
COMPATIBLE LAND USE PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS
The objectives recommending compatible development are
incorporated in Tables V-5 and V-6. These compatibility
matrices specify land use categories as acceptable or
unacceptable in terms of the AICUZ principle. An
application of these recommended land uses to the
existing and proposed developments within the AICUZ can
provide a basis to guide land use decisions for this
area.
An objective evaluation on the part the area planning
agencies within and near the AICUZ regarding the review
and approval of development proposals and/or zoning
changes is necessary to achieve and promote compatibility.
The existing location of the Air Station serves to
bridge the developed eastern and southern parts of
Horsham Township with the western and northern rural
parts of the Township. This situation establishes an
AICUZ with three separate areas for land use management:
1. The eastern and southern area should be restricted
to further development with residential densities
maintained at a medium level (not more than 2 to 4
dwellings per gross acre). Commercial areas
should be restricted to limit new eating and
drinking establishments, theaters, amusements,
gasoline service stations and similar people
attractions. Schools, churches and any public
service institutions should not be permitted.
J-6
-------
2. The central area of NASWG includes the properties
to the west of the facility which is under present
development pressure. Since this area is also the
most impacted by the activities at the Station,
extreme concern to limit residential use activity
is recommended. Present trends and adjacent land
use development tend to suggest that much of this
central area should expand as an industrial complex
within the guidance of the 1-1 zoning criteria
("selected, large scale, non-nuisance industrial
type establishments which require large sites and
land areas"). Such developments would serve to
protect the Navy's mission and to add to the Town-
ship's growth without jeopardizing the health,
safety and welfare of future Township residents.
Provided, however, that accessory uses permitting
concentration or large assembly of people are
disallowed in the AICUZ.
3. The northern AICUZ area is sparsely developed and
currently lacks the public services that could
change its present character. Therefore, it is
recommended that this impact area be retained in
its present residential-conservation zoning category
limiting housing to lot sizes of 3 acres or more
for each dwelling unit. Schools, churches and
convalescent or nursing homes should not be permitted,
Open space uses, golf courses, agricultural or
conservation uses should be encouraged.
Particular attention should be given to the areas
adjacent to the runway ends designated as "clear zones."
These areas require special restrictions to provide
aircraft overrun areas and unrestricted visibility of
airfield approach lighting. Due to the critical safety
J-7
-------
problem in these areas, Navy policy requires that they
be completely free of any type of development.
The clear zone at runway 33 has 69 acres of this zone
in heavy development, another 20 acres are undeveloped
and could be obtained. Presently the Navy owns 39
acres in this clear zone. In the northerly clear zone
(runway 15), the Navy owns over 84 acres, the Township
owns 18 acres and 26 acres are held privately and are
not yet developed.
Any proposal to add, change or alter private developments
in these clear zones should be reviewed by both Township
and Navy officials prior to deciding any proposed
action. Similar consideration should be given to the
land areas within the high noise zone 3 and accident
potential zone I.
As a matter of general policy. Navy officials at NASWG
should maintain communications with each of the adjacent
municipal and county agencies regarding growth policy,
planning and development actions. Navy participation
in the local government and planning ^process is necessary
to demonstrate good faith and cooperation with civilian
agencies.
J-3
-------
VII. IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation of the compatible land use plan can
be achieved by a variety of actions available through
the functions of local government and through official
Navy policies.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACTION
First and foremost is the cooperation of local govern-
ment through their planning and land use control
authority. This authority is given to the local planning
commission which has the responsibility of regulating
future development through a wide range of land use
controls including land use planning, zoning/ sub-
division regulation, official map preparation, cluster
housing ordinances, and site plan review. These
controls provide local officials with the tools necessary
to be able to guide and direct various land use types
and their extent throughout the municipality.
The authority to exercise these controls is provided by
state legislation under the police powers which broadly
establish protection for public health, safety, and
general welfare. These powers can be applied to
achieve compatible land use within the AICUZ; however,
they must be directed through the public process. It
is within this process that the Navy can be effective
in explaining its mission and these AICUZ objectives.
NAVY ACTION
It is important that the Navy personnel also
take an active role to assure implementation of its
J-9
-------
recommendations for compatible land use. Several
programs and policies are available to the Navy as
described below.
Acquisition
One of the simplest and most direct is the outright
acquisition of restrictive easements on or title to all
land in the AICUZ area through purchase in fee simple,
purchase of development rights or land exchange.
However, this action on the Navy's part is not in the
best interests of all concerned since it is expensive,
it would remove productive land from the tax roles and
it would have a strong tendency to restrict development
in the vicinity. While an acquisition policy is recom-
mended for the securing of runway clear zones, it is
not the most feasible way to obtain compatible land
use. The general policy of the Navy is not to pursue
acquisition due to funding limitations and to avoid un-
popular condemnation procedures.
Public Awareness
Another action on the part of the Navy is to establish
public awareness through information programs, participation
in public affairs and activities. Such participation
is effective and inexpensive. Since an informed public
is an understanding public, the following methods
should be used:
1. Make public speakers available to public and
service club functions. The AICUZ slide show,
NAVFAC movies and presentations on the purpose and
function of the Navy's mission are of general
interest and well accepted by the public.
J-10
-------
2. Use the newspapers, radio and TV to inform the
public on activities occurring at the NAS.
Initial information on the completed AICUZ study
should be given in a news release and followup
releases made as adjustments to the AICUZ are
made. Information should also be released to
alert the public of forthcoming periods of intense
or unusual aircraft operations.
3. Make copies of the AICUZ study report available to
each adjacent municipality, the County and to area
libraries. Maintain copies of the public information
summary on the AICUZ for ready distribution.
Copies should be made available through the
Chamber of Commerce, the county economic development
organization and others.
4. A public information officer should be made
responsible for issuing these data and providing
other information outlets such as newsletters,
news releases and media announcements. Another
responsibility would be to provide a liaison with
major land holders and developers in the adjacent
areas.
Command level Naval personnel should become active
participants in local government affairs. Membership
on planning and zoning boards, school boards, and
governing bodies would be effective areas for making
the Navy's interests known and in gaining public
awareness. It is also a very visible means to show
that the Navy is a good neighbor and an integral part
of the community.
J-ll
-------
Noise complaints should be directly referred to the
AICUZ officer and/or a designated noise complaint
officer. A "hotline" for this purpose could be es-
tablished and publicized for maximum effectiveness.
Followup letters of action taken should be sent to the
complaintant with copies sent to the adjacent area
governing body.
PUBLIC POLICY FORMULATION
Public policy constitutes the starting point for
initiating positive courses of action with respect to
pending issues and concerns. Policy is the first step
in the preparation of program standards, and regulations
to achieve intended results.
In the context of the AICUZ, public policy is formulated
by public officials to provide a general guide for day-
to-day decision making regarding land use and environmental
quality. To the extent practical, the Navy's role is
to augment existing and proposed public policy in order
to influence adequate consideration of AICUZ objectives.
In general, this approach to implementing AICUZ objectives
is advantageous in that its only requirements are
thorough preparation and diligent effort on the part of
the Navy. However, the advantages of placing the
responsibility for achieving objectives in the hands of
public officials are sometimes outweighed by the disadvantages.
The basic disadvantage is that full effect of the
definitive policies that are needed can be diluted in
the political arena of policy formulation. This not
only results from the fact that policy-makers change
office, but also because public policy is directed at
creating a balance among various interest groups for
J-12
-------
the public's good. Therefore, the government actions
necessary to achieve the Navy's AICUZ objectives may be
compromised in order to adequately account for other
public interests. It should be in the Navy's interest
to keep the AICUZ policy current within the government
process.
Local Land Use Control Policy. Land use control policy
on the local level includes comprehensive planning,
zoning,- subdivision and land development regulation,
official map, planned residential developments, and
airport zoning.
Once established as local policy, each of the above
provide local government with effective tools in which
to shape and control their environment.
Any proposed development or major land use must be
presented to the planning commission and/or governing
body for review and approval prior to development. In
each case, public hearings are held by the municipality
giving the public an opportunity to be heard.
These hearings provide the Navy with the opportunity to
give testimony and to go on record regarding AICUZ
objectives in those areas which may be subject to
incompatible development. It is the required policy of
the municipality to publish a formal notice of these
hearings and to specifically inform adjacent land
owners of action that may effect their interests.
J-13
-------
The Navy's coordination with this planning process
should include the following:
1. To be an initial part of the planning process by
being active participants in local planning
policy.
2. To have on record as official Navy policy a copy
of the AICUZ plan.
3. To always make presentations at appropriate public
hearings as a means to firmly establish the AICUZ
objective.
Development Proposals and Official Review Agencies.
Every level of government; federal, state, regional,
county and local have review powers regarding major
developments. Federal and state agencies become
involved where federal grants or loans are made to
assist in public works, parks, transportation networks
and housing. State agency concerns regarding the
environment, water rights and human rights mandate
preliminary review; county and regional agencies review
land development proposals, drainage requirements and
capital improvements programs; and local governments
initiate, contribute, and participate in this review
process. In each case, the Navy can influence the
review process to include the compatibility objectives
of the AICUZ by presenting supporting documentation to
the appropriate agency.
Federal Level Review.
1. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires
a review of alternative courses of action in an
J-14
-------
environmental impact statement where federal funds
are involved for housing, utility systems, high-
ways, airports, etc. These alternatives must
evaluate environmental impacts generated by the
proposed project such as noise, safety and health.
Federal EPA approval is contingent on environmental
compatibility as determined by this analysis and
review.
2. Project Notification and Review System (A-95). As
established by the Federal Office of Management
and Budget, Circular No. A-95 requires that all
federal aid for development purposes be consistent
with local, regional, and state objectives and
plans. To accomplish this objective, all applications
for federal grants and aids for public works must
be first submitted for review and comment by the
areawide comprehensive planning agency. This
agency reviews the project proposal in terms of
the existing and planned development within the
area as a "clearinghouse" process. The Deleware
Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) has
been designated as a clearinghouse charged with
the A-95 review requirement. The Montgomery
County Planning Commission assists the DVRPC in
this process for projects located in the County.
Submitting the AICUZ compatibility objectives and
plan with these agencies can effectuate this
review process.
3. Federally Assisted Housing. The Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) reviews both
VA and FHA loan applications. Approval of these
applications is contingent upon factors such as
J-15
-------
noise, safety, flooding and other features as part
of the review process. HUD has estabJished safety
limits regarding noise exposure expressed in terms
of CNR, NEF and Ldn and can withhold mortgage
approval on sites exceeding recommended tolerances.
State Level Review. Development controls and restric-
tions receiving state level attention include the
Pennsylvania Sewage Facilities Act (Act 537), Department
of Environmental Resources, and Department of Community
Affairs.
County Review. The county planning commission play an
important role in reviewing countywide developments and
planning proposals. This activity extends to subdivision
review, planned residential developments, site plans,
A-95 review, environmental impact statements and
municipal comprehensive plans and zoning ordinances.
This responsibility can be employed to the benefit of
Navy AICUZ objectives and it is recommended that a
liaison between the command level and county planning
agencies be established for this purpose.
Local Level Review. This is the action level where
plans, programs and proposals get resolved. The Navy's
role in this process should be a foremost requirement
as discussed above under Local Land Use Control Policy.
OTHER STRATEGIES
Noise Abatement. A number of noise abatement strategies
can be applied to known sources and location of noise
impact areas. The baseline AICUZ defines the noise
sources and impact areas for NASWG. The principal
J-16
-------
strategy for controlling significant noise sources at
Willow Grove is primarily to mitigate the A-4 static
runup noise by installing sound suppressors and to
alter the directional flight path to the southeast of
runway 33. These efforts reduced both the APZ I and
noise zone 2 areas over portions of Horsham and Upper
Moreland Townships and Hatboro Borough to the east and
an area around Norristown Road to the west.
New housing constructed within the remaining AICUZ area
should be soundproofed. The local building codes
should be amended to provide for approved soundproofing
materials and improved standards.
Other strategies to achieve the AICUZ objective include
the following:
1. Municipal adoption of the AICUZ footprint. The
local governing bodies and planning commissions
should review and adopt, after public hearing as
required under Act 247, the AICUZ footprint. The
data incorporated in the final report should be
used to support planning and zoning decisions by
the municipal and county agencies. Municipal
agencies should include Horsham, Upper Moreland
and Warrington Townships, Hatboro Borough, and
Montgomery and Bucks Counties.
2. A-95 Review. Following local adoption of the
AICUZ, a copy of the final report should be filed
with the Montgomery and Bucks County A-95 clearinghouse
agencies for carrying out their respective review
responsibilities.
J-17
-------
3. Fair Disclosure Ordinance. Regulations similar to
Act 89, Information Disclosure, (P.L. 288, No. 104)
should be adopted by each local government. Such
regulations should require the disclosure by the
seller of any property in the AICUZ of the accident
potential zone and noise impact zone in which such
property is located.
4. Airport Zoning. The provisions to establish
airport zoning should be adopted as an ordinance
in Horsham and Upper Moreland Townships and Montgomery
County. Every political subdivision in the State
having an airport hazard area may adopt, administer
and enforce, under the police power, airport
zoning regulations regarding the regulation of
land use and height of structures. A copy of the
Airport Zoning Act is included as Appendix E.
5. Subdivsion and Land Development. Ordinances for
the regulation of subdivisions and land development
have been adopted by each of the municipalities
adjacent to NASWG. It is recommended that the
review process be amended to include the following
for new developments within the AICUZ.
a. Subdivisions intended for uses not compatible
with AICUZ objectives will not be approved.
b. Subdivision plats within the AICUZ will show
the AICUZ accident potential and noise zones.
6. Capital Improvements Programs. Public investments
for public works projects, schools, institutions
J-18
-------
and other public investments within the AICUZ area
should adopt the following policy.
a. Public buildings should not be located in
conflict with AICUZ objectives.
b. Capital Improvements Programs should be
developed to encourage growth in areas not
impacted by noise and accident potential.
c. Utility extension policies should discourage
incompatible land use patterns.
7. Citizen Participation. In the implementation of
the AICUZ objectives, public understanding and
citizen participation should be encouraged.
8. Land Acquisition. Where necessary and in the
public interest, acquisition of land to achieve
the AICUZ objectives can sometimes be the only
means to benefit public health and safety.
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
The strategies described above can be applied to achieve
implementation of the recommended Compatible Land Use
Plan. Five basic goals are identified and make up the
Implementation Plan as shown on Figure VII-1. These
goals relate to the various defined strategies and are
outlined as follows:
A. Maintain the runway clear zones as open area -
restrict all development. Strategies applicable
to implement this goal include both airport hazard
zoning and standard zoning processes and sub-
division regulations,.
J-19
-------
B. Restrict any proposed development in Noise Zone 3
areas. Applicable strategies include zoning,
airport hazard zoning, capital improvements programming,
fair disclosure, and building code enforcement.
C. Maintain established zoning categories where
appropriate. Strong zoning administration of
existing zoning ordinances can help maintain
compatible areas from being changed to incompatible
zoning categories. Objective subdivision and land
development review, capital improvements programming,
and information disclosure should be applied as
additional management strategies. Attention
should be paid to the Land Use Objectives Matrix
for guidance in the issuing of building permits
(see Tables V-5 and V-6) and conformance to the
Horsham Township "Air Transportation District" as
proposed in its revised comprehensive plan.
D. Lower residential density - limit new or expanded
development. These defined areas within the AICUZ
are predominantly developed. Therefore, any
change in development should be to reduce the mag-
nitude of the area impacted. The goal toward
limiting new or ("zero") or expanded development
should be controlled by zoning and subdivision
regulations. Building code enforcement to assure
that soundproofing measures are added to renovated
structures and new construction. "Zero" development
goals will require controlled zoning and building
permit allotment by the local government agency
involved to help regulate expansion and to achieve
lower densities. Public building development
and/or expansion should be monitored through
capital improvements programming.
J-20
-------
E. Expand 1-1 Industrial Zoning. The area to the
west of the Station is impacted by both accident
potential and noise. This environment is not
suited to residential development, and therefore,
should be discouraged. Since industrial develop-
ment trends are prevalent in this area, these
trends should be allowed to continue. Strategies
would include zoning, subdivision regulations, and
capital improvements programming for funding
utility services and roads as may be required.
J-21
-------
LEGEND
COMPATIBLE ZONING
CLEARLY
ACCEPTABLE
NORMALLY
ACCEPTABLE
jy£QM*ATIBLE ZONING
NORMALLY-. •
UNACCEPTABLE
CLEARLY
UNACCEPTABLE
MAS
BOUNDARY
AICUZ
'BOUNDARY
NAOC
BOUNDARY
NADC AICUZ
BOUNDARY
SOURCE:
CH2M HILL
4000
FEET
AICUZ STUDY
NAVAL AIR STATION Vl-^
WII.LOO ..«ove. PA.
EXISTING ZONING
COMPATIBILITY
i lii-lVi-aa' '• .
-------
APPENDIX K
Community Services
K-l
-------
Table K-l. Park and recreational lands in the Horsham, Warminster, and
Warrington PA planning area by municipality. Data from municipal
officials 1978.
MUNICIPALITY
NAME OF PARK
ACRES
Horsham Township
Warminster Township
Warrington Township
Ivyland Borough
Deep Meadow Park
Hideaway Park
Keith Valley Park
Maple Park
Kohler Park
Harness Park
Centennial Park
Kemper Park
Log College Park
Maple Street Playground
Meadow Run Park
Munro Park
Szymanek Park
Werner Park
Alou Village Park
Palomino Park
Warrington Tennis
& Swim Club
2 small recreational areas
51.8
2.0
32.6
7.5
68.6
162.5
13.9
10.6
30.0
26.6
0.6
1.9
35.0
10.8
6.8
136.2
3.1
5.6
20.0
4
Upper Dublin Township
Three Tuns Playground
Warwick Township
None in planning area
0.0
K-3
-------
PLANNING AREA BOUNDARY
15 INDUSTRIAL FIRM
|^^ INDUSTRIAL PARK
I ", \ COMMERCIAL CONCENTRATION
FIGURE K-l
MAJOR INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL CONCENTRATIONS
K-4
-------
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL
SATELLITE SCHOOL
HIGH SCHOOL
SCHOOL DISTRICT BOUNDARY
FIGURE K-2
PUBLIC SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY SERVICES
K-5
-------
APPENDIX L
Historic Cultural Resource Inventory
L-l
-------
Historic Cultural Resource Inventory
Horsjiam Township (Figure 2-7)
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
(ENR)
(MCI)
(MCI)
DESCRIPTION
Buttonwood Farm: restored farm-
house constructed c. 1720.
Phillip J. Baur House: original
section constructed in 1730.
There are several additions to
house, a barn (c. 1850), and a
springhouse on the site.
Sidney N. Repplier House: constructed
during the 1700's on a William
Penn land grant.
-^
'
Hip-roofed house owned by
M. Robinson during 1877.
(MCI)
EE Novotny House: pre-Revolutionary
War house which retains many
original features.
1-3
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
ENR
DESCRIPTION
A. J. White House: five bay colonial
fieldstone house, constructed in
two stone sections with a frame
Victorian addition and window
trim.
(MCI)
10
11-20
Mrs. Herbert W. Anderson House:
fieldstone house constructed
c. 1797 with frame addition c. 1850.
Brogden House: stone house owned
by J. Shutt in 1877.
Stone house constructed c. 1810,
with additions to west end owned
by C. F. Burkley in 1877.
J. Clayton House: stone house owned
by J. Clayton in 1877.
Historic District of Prospectville:
the village of Prospectville was
established during the 1700's.
Several eighteenth century struc-
tures are still standing. The
building which contained a
store and post-office, established
in 1854 and operated by C. B.
Reading between 1867 and 1903^has
been replaced by a gas station.
Two mid to late eighteenth century
residences and a toll house are
included in this historic cross
roads village, the integrity of
which has been altered by a
modicum of twentieth century
intrusions.
L-4
-------
LOCATION NO.
11
12
STATUS
ENR
DESCRIPTION
Part-log, part-stone house con-
structed in 1758. One of few
examples of this early type of
construction remaining in Township.
House owned by W. Monteith in 1893.
Part of cross-roads village of
Prospectville established in the
1700's.
13
MCI
Whitemarsh Cemetery Chapel. This
building was constructed for use
as a schoolhouse in 1860. May be
second oldest chapel in Horsham
Township.
L-5
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
Late eighteenth and early nineteenth
century structures of the cross-
roads village of Prospectville.
Number 14 is on Limekiln Pike.
Numbers 15 and 16 are on Horsham
Road southeast of the intersection
of Limekiln Pike and Horsham Road.
L5
MCI
Campbell Toll House
L-6
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
i
i*
Late nineteenth century house with
decorative stickwork typical of
Gothic stylistic influence.
18
Colonial farmhouse owned by T. Shnv
during Iu77. Original section has
3 bays and is two and one half
stories high with dormers.
19
Stone structure, property of
J. White in 1877.
MCI
Stone residence probably constructed
as a tenant house. Owned by
A. Becker in 1877.
William Donnelly house: fieldstone
house constructed c. 1810. A
large barn and springhouse also
stand on the site.
L-7
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
23
MCI
(MCI)
25
Stone farmhouse with mansard roof
and former window additions,
owned by C. Houpt in 1877. The
stone springhouse stands across
Limekiln Pike opposite the house,
Orville W. Marlin House: constructed
in 1875 to be used as the White-
marsh Creamery, this building has
been extensively altered for con-
version to a residence.
Paul A. Urfer House: original section
constructed 1717. An addition
doubled the size of the house in
1797. There is a stone barn on
the site. (ENR)
McCallison House: This five-bay
house with eye-brow windows appears
to have been constructed c. 1820-
1840. A Victorian peak addition
to the gable roof interrupts the
essentially Georgian architectural
style of the house.
L-8
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
ENR
Grist Mill constructed in 1830 by
John E. Kenderdine. This mill was
known as the Ox Mill because it was
designed to be powered by oxen
walking a wooden belt. The oxen
did not survive. Millworks are at
Stever's Mill and the building is
used as a residence. (Smith, 1979)
27
MCI
28
29
MCI
Miss Maria Snyder's Toll House: This
private residence built in 1850 was
used as a toll house on the Limekiln
Pike.
Stone house constructed in Georgian
style, owned by M. Jones in 1877.
Richard P. Hart House: the original
stone section of the house was con-
structed c. 1770. Frame wings were
added about 1920.
L-9
-------
LOCATION NO.
30
STATUS
MCI
DESCRIPTION
Burgdorf House: the house was con-
structed c. 1730 by Archibald
McClean, justice of the peace in
Horsham Township and an Assembly-
man in 1772.
31
George Felbin House: The original
section of this residence was con-
structed in 1730. A barn stands
on the site adjacent to the
Limekiln Pike.
L-10
-------
LOCATION NO. STATUS
DESCRIPTION
32-38 Davis Grove Historic District: the
ENR structures which are located on
Davis Grove Road in the vicinity of
Park Creek were constructed during
the mid-eighteenth and early nine-
teenth centuries. During 1978, they
remained situated in a tranquil
rural setting which retained its
nineteenth century historic integrity
and ambience. About 1734 Joseph
Kenderdine constructed a mill on
Park Creek at the present intersection
of Davis Grove Road and Keith Valley
Road. A raceway 0.75 mile long
was hand excavated from this mill to
another mill built by Joseph
Kenderdine on Limekiln Pike. During
1734, Davis Grove Road was opened as
a private lane to provide access to
Joseph's mill. Joseph Kenderdine
apparently lived in a residence,
constructed about 1738, which
formerly stood on the present
Keller property southeast of the mill.
The mill, which was sold to John
Shay in 1810, operated until just
prior to World War I. John Shay
also constructed a house on the
southeast corner of Davis Grove
Road and Keith Valley Road which
replaced Joseph Kenderdine's earlier
residence. The house standing pre-
sently adjacent to the Kenderdine
mill on the northeast corner of
Davis Grove Road and Keith Valley
Road had been constructed by 1819.
The area in the vicinity of the mill
remains virtually unaltered since
the mid-nineteenth century.
32 MCI The Richard Harvey House: a colonial
fieldstone house constructed during
1778 with a spring in the basement.
33 MCI James L. Milford House: a fieldstone
farmhouse and barn constructed in
1811 stand on this site which has
attracted artists for many years.
L-ll
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
MCI
Raymond Onyx House: the farmhouse
constructed during 1740, has been
remodeled and enlarged. A spring-
house and large original barn
remain on the site.
Mrs. Charles Harper Smith House: the
stucco over stone house built in
1813 by miller, John Shay contains
a large walk-in fireplace. The
original wooden pump is in the
kitchen.
J6
MCI
FNK
Kenderdine Mill: the mill was con-
structed in 1734 and is the only
grist mill remaining as a mill in
Horsham Township. The original
metalwork in the barn was sold to
provide metal for the war effort
during World War I. During the
early nineteenth century a hand-
excavated raceway extended from
this mill to the "ox mill" on
Limekilm Pike. Traces of this
raceway remain south and west of
the Kenderdine Mill (Smith [1919])
L-12
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
37
Keller House: a five-bay stucco over
stone house built c. 1810 by John
Shay. Shay's house replaced an
earlier house built by Joseph
Kenderdine c. 1738. Foundations of
the earlier structure have been
located on the site (Smith 1975:55),
ENR
Original 1738 barn of the first house
on the Keller property stands in
very poor condition on the west
side of Davis Grove Road.
Gerald Hamburg House: This house
constructed in 1856 of native field-
stone is a fine example of Georgian
architectural style.
L-13
-------
LOCATION NO,
40
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
E. Morgan House: the present house
constructed on the site c. 1775-
1800 replaced an earlier house built
by Jabez White sometime prior to
1735.
41
A mid-nineteenth century residence.
constructed as a tenant house, and
a barn stand in good condition at
the corner of Horsham Road and
Babylon Road.
42
Colonial house presently surrounded
by an industrial complex on Horsham
Road. The house was owned by
J. Shoemaker in 1887.
L-14
-------
LOCATION NO.
S TAIL'S
DESCRIPTION
43
44
Babylon Schoolhouse: the schoolhouse,
extant in 1877, has been restored
and converted to a residence.
NR, PI,
MCI
National
Historic
Landmark
The Keith House at Graeme Park. The
land on which the Keith House is
situated was purchased in 1717 by
Sir William Keith, first Lieutenant
Governor of the Province of Pennsyl-
vania under William Penn. The
original structure was built by
Keith c. 1721 as a malt house. In
the 1730's Thomas Graeme converted
the structure and added its fine
Georgian interior finishes. The
Keith House is five bays across and
two bays deep with a gambrel roof
and attic dormers. During 1730, a
barn stood in the location of the
present barn.
L-15
-------
LOCATION NO.
45
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
Colonial house with two additions,
presently used to house a fence
company in an industrialized section
if County Line Road.
Warrington Township (Figure 2-7)
46
Old Warrington Schoolhouse: This
building constructed in 1808 replaced
the original schoolhouse built in
1765.
L-16
-------
LOCATION NO,
47
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
Hatboro Federal Savings Building:
the original eighteenth century
building, owned by J. Groin in
1876, has been converted to use
as a bank. Additions conform to
the architectural style of the
building.
Vincent's Warrington Inn: this Inn,
which bears a date of 1792, was
operated as a hotel in 1876.
Several additions have been made to
the structure.
L-17
-------
LOCATION NO.
49
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
Four-bay stone house owned by
A. Cooper in 1876. Similar in
construction style and material
to Site No. 48.
50
Fine stone residence with ashlar
patterns, owned by S. Hough in 1876.
Stone farmhouse owned by R. J. Dobbins
in 1876.
52
~~
f am
Five-bay stucco over stone farmhouse
constructed c. 1840 and owned by
E. French in 1876.
L-18
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
53
White stucco over stone farmhouse,
owned by J. Selser in 1878.
"
H. W. Davis House: stucco over stone
and frame farmhouse owned by
J. Philips in 1878.
35
BCR
Arthur Harris House: the living room,
library, and master bedroom of the
house comprise the original section,
constructed in 1760. The second
addition in 1800 contained a large
walk-in fireplace. A recent
addition also has been made to the
house.
L-19
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
6
BCR
* >.
Paul Valley Farm: two large colonial
houses, one constructed in 1727,
and owned by Joseph Penrose, and
one constructed in 1846 remain
on half of a 500-acre tract purchased
from William Penn by John Paul in
1727.
57
Warminster And Warwick Townships (Figure 2-7)
The Manse: the stucco over stone house
at 1760 Bristol Road was owned by
the Petersons in 1876. Its archi-
tectural style suggests a construction
date of c. 1810 for the original
section. A later addition doubles
the size of the house.
i
BCR
Neshaminy Cemetery: the cemetery
contains an Indian grave.
L-20
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
BCR
'
Neshaminy of Warwick Presbyterian
Church: the original church on
this tranquil site was constructed
in 1727, In 1743 there was a
schism in the church and the
original section of the present
building was built to replace the
1727 structure which was abandoned
and razed. The church, founded by
William Tennant as the church of
the Log College, was enlarged in
1775 and remodeled to its present
appearance in 1842.
60
WTI
61-73
ENR
Darrah Farmstead: the farm may have
been the residence of Reverend
Beatty while he was pastor of the
Warwick Neshaminy Church c. 1750.
Hartsville Historic District:
The structures which originally were
constructed at the cross-roads
village of Hartsille stand today in
a setting virtually unchanged since
the end of the nineteenth century.
Traffic on Bristol Road and a
modern gas station on the southeast
corner of Bristol Road and Old York
Road are the only significant intrusions
on the peaceful settlement. The
structures exhibit a range of architec-
tural styles in a vogue between the
mid-eighteenth and late nineteenth
centuries. The 1770 Dare Estate,
the 1778 Polly Hart House, and the
Isaac Lewis House are included in
the Hartsville Historic District.
The Bucks County Conservancy has
indicated that Hartsville constitutes
an historic district (Orally, Ms,
Kathy Auerback, 26 May 1978).
L-21
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
62
1180 Bristol Road: stucco over stone
house with eyebrow windows, con-
structed c. 1830.
1140 Bristol Road: five-bay .frame
structure with dormers and elaborate
decorative stickwork on first story
porch.
63
1120 Bristol Road: frame building
with mansard roof and exterior
chimney. Victorian style structure
appears to have been constructed
c. 1870.
1-22
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
BCR
WTI
DESCRIPTION
65
BCR
Dare Estate: the original section of
this house, which was constructed by
Reverend Charles Beatty, second
minister of the Neshaminy of
Warwick Church, may be 200 years
old. The interior has yellow pine
random width floors.
The Polly Hart House: deeds to this
house have been traced to 1838.
Reverend Turner was a former owner,
and the house may be 200 years old.
Victorian additions have been
removed and the original house has
been altered.
66
Colonial stone house constructed in
two sections at corner of Bristol
Road and Old York Road.
L-23
-------
LOCATION NO.
67
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
Outbuilding of Number 66, converted
for use as a commercial establish-
ment .
WTI
Hartsville Hotel: a famous stage
stop on the route from New York
to Philadelphia. The original
proprietor in 1744 was John Baldwin.
Colonel William Hart kept the hotel
between 1780 and 1817.
Illl
Three bay frame structure with
bracketed roof and bracketed shed
roofed porch with decorative
stickwork. Constructed c. 1870.
L-24
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
PI
71
WTI
DESCRIPTION
Isaac Lewis House: 1040 Bristol Road.
This two and one-yalf story, stone,
gable roofed house, constructed
during the mid eighteenth century
is listed on the Pennsylvania
Register of Historic Places.
Hartsville Fire House //I: the
building bears a sign "Built 1843
by the Ladies Association of
Neshaminy Church." The building
was used for church and community
purposes.
72
Elegent three bay structure with
mansard roof, dormer windows and
decorative stickwork in Gothic
architectural style.
L-25
-------
LOCATION NO.
73
STATUS
WTI
DESCRIPTION
Duffy's Tavern: about 1832,
Reverend James P. Wilson started a
"classical school for boys" in
the building which became the
Roseland School for Girls, and is
presently used as a tavern.
74
Three bay two and one-half story
stucco over stone house at the
intersection of Creek Road and
Old York Road.
L-26
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
75
Residence at corner of Creek Road
and Old York Road was formerly
a grist mill. The intersection
is potentially an historic district,
76
Substantial stucco over stone struc-
ture constructed c. 1850. Porch
and roof brackets are later
additions. This is one of three
nineteenth century historic
structures at the intersection
of Creek Road and Old York Road.
1-27
-------
LOCATION NO.
77
STATUS
PI, ENR,
BCR, WTI
DESCRIPTION
Headquarter's Farm or the Moland
House: about 1750, John Moland
built the original two and one-
half story, stone, gable-roofed
structure which was used as
George Washington's headquarters
in August of 1777.
78
WTI
79
WTI
80
WTI
Pennebacher Farm: here Lafayette
first received his commission
from Washington. The house which
was constructed in 1713, was leased
by Washington during his stay in
August 1777 (Bailey et al.1961 ).
Warminster Manor Inn: In 1730 Thomas
Linter petitioned the court for a
license "to keep a house of enter-
tainment for man and horse". In
1791 the property belonged to Isaac
Beans. During the War of 1812,
the drafters assembled at Bean's
Tavern on 18 September 1814 for
a march to Philadelphia.
John Craven Beans House: the original
section of this house may have
been built during the late 1700's.
A datestone on the later section
bears the inscription "J.C. and
?? Beans 1847".
1.-28
-------
LOCATION NO.
81
STATUS
BCR
82
WTI
83
WTI
84
BCR
85
WTI
86
WTI
DESCRIPTION
Lukens-Jarrett House: Deeds to the
Lukens-Jarrett House, similar
in style to the pre-Revolutionary
War McNab House in Tyler Park
have been traced to 1775.
Philip Reeves House: Believed to be
the ancestral home of the Nobel
family the original kitchen with
one room upstairs was constructed
prior to 1734. An addition was
made in 1826.
Fireside Inn: The Inn was originally
the home of Job Nobel, in the 1700's,
The house was later owned by Andrew
Yerkes, and is presently used as
an inn.
Vicinity of the Battle of Crooked
Billet and cemetery which contains
bodies of soldiers killed during
the Revolutionary War. At this
site, General John Lacey and 400
men fought a British detachment of
800 men under Lieutenant Colonel
Abercrombe.
Duval Farm: The original section of
this farm was constructed in 1762 by
Harman Yerkes, the first member of
the Yerkes family to settle in
Warminster. The eastern addition
was made in 1810, and the property
remained in the Yerkes family
until 1951.
John Hart J. House: Typical of
Colonial Pennsylvania Manor Houses,
this home was built in 1750 by
John Hart, son of John Hart who
received a grant of 1,000 acres
from William Penn in 1681.
L-29
-------
LOCATION NO.
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
87
BCR
ENR
Craven Hall: There is a walk-in
fireplace in this structure which
reflects the Greek Revival influence
of the 1823-1850 addition and
interior renovations. The original
section was built c. 1780-1820
a second addition was made
c. 1823-1850, and there is a third
twentieth century addition.
88
View southeast on one of Ivyland's
shaded streets.
Ivyland Historic District: Ivyland
was founded in 1873 by Edwin Lacey
on a section of a tract of land
which Thomas Hart received in 1719.
Lacey's plan was to provide facili-
ties for the 1876 Centennial
Exposition in Philadelphia. The
Temperance House, a large four-
story building with a mansard roof
and porches surrounding the building
on the first and second stories
was designed to receive thousands
of extra visitors to the Philadelphia
area. The hotel, however, was not
completed in time for the Centennial.
Ivyland Borough was incorporated in
1905. It's shaded streets retain
a quiet late eighteenth-early
twentieth century dignity. The
structures form a homogeneous
group typical of the architectural
styles of that period.
L-30
-------
APPENDIX M
Cost of Alternative Systems
M-l
-------
Table M-l. Summary of costs for Alternative 1 by municipality (in thousands of dollars).
COST
Construction Cost
Salvage
Annual Operation
& Maintenance
Total Present
Worth
Average Annual
Equivalent Cost
Distribution of Costs
Federal EPA
Local Share
Annual Costs
Operation and Main-
tenance (Industrial
and Commercial)
Operation and Main-
tenance (Residential)
Debt Service
(Industrial &
Commercial)
Debt Service
(Residential)
Typical User Charges
Monthly O&M (Resi-
dential)
Monthly Debt Service
Total Monthly Charges
Upper
Dublin
454.1
187.5
15.0
555.7
51.9
340.6
113.5
0
15.0
0
10.4
1.21
0.84
2.05
Ho r sham
3,509.3
1,536.0
61.5
3,754.5
344.3
2,507.9
1,001.4
8.5
53.0
12.7
79.1
2.85
4.26
7.11
Warring ton
2,836.0
910.4
155.3
4,277.9
392.3
2,048.9
787.1
16.9
138.4
7.9
64.9
4.30
2.00
6.30
Warm ins ter
7,049.6
1,073.0
783.3
15,298.0
1,402.8
5,287.1
1,762.5
31.2
752.1
6.4
155.2
1.61
0.33
1.94
Warwick
192.2
29.3
21.4
417.6
38.3
144.1
48.1
1.3
20.1
0.3
4.1
4.80
0.98
5.78
Ivyland
115.2
17.5
12.8
249.8
22.9
86.4
28.7
0.6
12.2
0.1
2.5
1.66
0.34
2.00
All
Municipalities
14,156.3
3,753.7
1,049.3
24,563.7
2,252.5
10,415.0
3,741.3
58.5
990.8
27.4
315.6
1.82
0.58
2.40
-------
Table M-2. Summary of costs for Alternative 2 for Horsham Township and all municipalities (in
thousands of dollars). Costs for all other municipalities in the planning area are same as
indicated in Table M-l.
Horsham
COST Township All Municipalities
Construction Cost 2,802.9 12,992.5
Salvage 1,248.2 3,296.0
Annual Operation &
Maintenance 141.2 1,107.1
Total'Present Worth 3,997.4 24,157.3
Average Annual
Equivalent Cost 366.6 2,215.2
Distribution of Costs
Federal EPA 1,980.7 9,545.4
Local Share 822.2 3,447.1
Annual Costs
Operation and Mainte-
nance (Industrial
and Commercial) 19.5 67.6
Operation and Mainte-
nance (Residential) 121.7 1,039.5
Debt Service (Indus-
trial and Commercial) 10.4 25.2
Debt Service
(Residential) 65.0 291.0
Typical User Charges
Monthly O&M (Residential) 3.49 1.80
Monthly Debt Service 3.50 0.54
Total Monthly Charges 6.99 2.34
-------
Table M-3. Summary of costs for Alternative 3 for Horsham Township and all municipalities
(in thousands of dollars). Costs for all other municipalities in the planning area are same
i
en
as indicated in Table M-l.
COST
Construction Cost
Salvage
Annual Operation &
Maintenance
Total Present Worth
Average Annual
Equivalent Cost
Distribution of Costs
' Federal EPA
Local Share
Annual Costs
Operation and Mainte-
nance (Industrial
and Commercial)
Operation and Mainte-
nance (Residential)
Debt Service (Indus-
trial and Commercial)
Debt Service
(Residential)
Typical User Charges
Monthly O&M (Residential)
Monthly Debt Service
Total Monthly Charges
Horsham
Township
3,953.4
1,405.9
98.4
4,637.2
425.2
3,160.9
792.5
13.6
84.8
10.1
62.6
2.97
3.37
6.34
All Municipalities
14,143.9
3,453.7
1,064.3
24,798.0
2,274.0
10,725.6
3,418.3
61.7
1,002.6
24.9
288.6
1.78
0.53
2.31
-------
Table M-4. Summary of costs for Alternative 4 by municipality (in thousands of dollars).
i
CT>
COST
Initial
Construction Cost Phased
Initial
Salvage Phased
Annual Opera- Initial
tion and Phased
Maintenance
Total Present
Worth
Average Annual
Equivalent Cost
Distribution of Costs
Federal EPA
Local Share
Annual Costs
Operation and Mainte-
nance (Industrial
and Commercial)
Operation and Mainte-
nance (Residential)
Debt Service (Indus-
trial and Commercial)
Debt Service
(Residential)
Typical User Charges
Upper
Dublin
0
0
28.8
314.2
28.8
0
0
0
28.8
0
0
Monthly O&M (Residential) 1.77
Monthly Debt Service 0
Total Monthly Charges 1.77
Ho r sham
1,444.9
42.4
638.6
9.3
81.3
11.7
9,764.6
345.2
1,027.2
1,119.2
43.6
271.7
14.2
88.4
1.19
2.60
3.79
MUNICIPALITIES
Warrington Warminster
2,933.5
960.7
149.8
4,303.5
394.6
2,123.3
812.2
16.3
133.5
8.1
66.4
4.15
2.04
6.21
6,952.5
1,041.8
754.5
14,895.3
1,365.9
5,214.4
1,738.1
30.0
724.5
6.3
153.1
1.55
0.33
1.88
Warwick
183.1
28.3
20.5
405.0
37.1
141.9
47.2
1.3
19.2
0.3
4.0
4.58
0.96
5.44
Ivyland
113.4
17.0
12.3
242.9
22.3
85.1
28.3
0.5
11.8
0.1
2.5
1.61
0.34
1.95
All
Municipalities
11,635.4
58.4
2,681.4
9.3
1,047.2
11.7
23,925.5
2,194.0
8,591.9
3,745.0
91.7
1,189.5
29.0
314.4
1.70
0.55
2.25
-------
Table M-5. Summary of costs for Alternative 5 for Horsham
municipalities (in thousands of dollars). Costs for all
are same as indicated in Table M-l.
and Upper Dublin Townships and all
municipalities in the planning area
COST
Construetion Cost
Salvage
Annual Operation
and Maintenance
Total Present Worth
Average Annual
Equivalent Cost
Distribution of Costs
Federal EPA
Local Share
Annual Costs
Operation and Mainte-
nance (Industrial
and Commercial)
Operation and Mainte-
nance (Residential)
Debt Service (Indus-
trial and Commercial)
Debt Service
(Residential)
Typical User Charges
Monthly O&M (Residential)
Monthly Debt Service
Total Monthly Charges
Upper Dublin
Township
715.5
201.7
35.6
;,048.0
96.1
Horsham
Township
4,712.6
1,688.0
140.3
5,775.4
529.6
All
Municipalities
15,618.6
3,937.5
1,113.0
26,699.9
2,445.6
542.0
173.5
0
35.6
0
15.9
2.86
1.28
4.14
3,405.1
1,307.5
19.4
120.9
16.6
103.3
6.51
5.56
12.07
11,551.8
4,106.8
67.5
1,045.5
31.4
345.2
1.92
0.64
2.56
-------
APPENDIX N
Overview of Waste Management Systems
N-l
-------
APPENDIX N
Overview of Waste Management Systems
The range of alternative waste management systems to be initially
addressed in facilities planning is defined by US-EPA Cost Effectiveness
Analysis Guidelines [40 CFR part 35, Subpart E, Appendix A (5)]. These
alternatives should include:
-Systems discharging to receiving waters
-Land application systems
-On-site and other non-centralized systems
-Systems employing the reuse of wastewater and recycling of
pollutants
Systems discharging to receiving waters
Systems which discharge wastewater directly to receiving waters
(streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans) require wastewater treatment works.
These facilities remove objectionable constituents from the wastewater and
discharge an effluent which is expected to meet State and Federal
requirements for protection of surface water quality. The alternatives for
municipal wastewater treatment comprise 3 major categories:
-Primary treatment
-Secondary treatment
-Advanced or Tertiary treatment
The treatment processes described here are for conventional regional
treatment plants and as such may differ from treatment processes employed in
small community treatment systems which utilize surface water discharge.
Primary treatment removes from the wastewater those pollutants which
either will settle out or float. Wastewater which enters a plant for pri-
mary treatment first flows through a screen. The screen removes large
floating objects, such as rags and sticks, that may clog pumps and small
pipes. The screens typically are made of parallel steel or iron bars with
openings of about 0.5 inches.
The screened wastewater then passes into a grit chamber, where sand,
grit, cinders, and small stones are allowed to settle to the bottom. The
grit or gravel removed by the grit chamber usually is taken from the tank,
washed so that it is clean, and disposed of by landfilling near the
treatment plant.
After screening and grit removal, the wastewater still contains sus-
pended solids, some of which can be removed from the sewage by treatment in
a sedimentation tank. These tanks are round or rectangular, usually 10 to
12 feet deep, and designed to hold the wastewater for periods of 2 to 3
N-3
-------
hours. The rate of flow of wastewater must be very slow to allow sufficient
time for the suspended solids to sink to the bottom. This mass of settled
solids is called raw primary sludge. The sludge is removed from the
sedimentation'tank by mechanical scrapers and pumps.
The major purpose of secondary treatment is to remove the soluble bio-
chemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids that are not removed by
primary treatment. BOD is the amount of oxygen required to sustain micro-
organisms which consume the organic matter present in sewage. Secondary
treatment is the minimum level of treatment which municipalities currently
must provide. In most cases, secondary treatment systems employ biological
processes and are designed to provide the proper environment for the micro-
organisms which break down the soluble organic materials.
The basic requirements for secondary treatment by biologic processes
are: a large supply of microorganisms, good contact between these micro-
organisms and the organic material in the wastewater, adequate supplies of
oxygen, and the presence of environmental conditions which enhance the
growth and activity of these microorganisms (for example, proper temperature
and sufficient time). A variety of approaches have been used in the past to
meet these basic needs. The most common approaches are:
-Trickling filters
-Activated sludge
-Oxidation ponds (or lagoons)
Secondary treatment also can be achieved by non-biological processes which
employ physical-chemical treatment or application to land.
Although secondary treatment processes, when coupled with disinfection, may
remove over 85 percent of the BOD and suspended solids and nearly all path-
ogens, only minor amounts of some pollutants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus,
soluble COD, and heavy metals, are removed. In certain situations, such as
when the need to protect local water supplies is great, pollutants contained
in a secondary effluent are of major concern. In these cases, processes
capable of removing pollutants not adequately removed by secondary treatment
are used in what is called tertiary or advanced wastewater treatment. These
processes improve the effluent quality to the point that it is adequate for
many reuse purposes and may convert what was originally a wastewater into a
valuable resource.
Advanced wastewater treatment processes may include phosphorus removal,
filtration (to remove suspended or colloidal matter), carbon adsorption (for
removal of soluble organic materials which are resistant to biological
breakdown), and nitrogen control.
Land application
The land application of wastewater or treated effluent entails the use
of plants, the soil surface, and the soil matrix to remove certain waste-
water constituents. In addition to treatment, land application systems may
N-4
-------
be used for a combination of water reuse and disposal. The renovated water
is either discharged to the groundwater or collected for discharge to
surface waters.
Four processes which have been used successfully for land-based treat-
ment of wastewater effluents are: overland flow, irrigation, high-rate
irrigation, and infiltration-percolation. Except for overland flow, all
processes have been used successfully in the US for the treatment of muni-
cipal wastewater. In other countries, the overland flow process has been
used effectively for domestic wastewater treatment. All four processes have
been applied to industrial wastewater, both in this country and elsewhere.
Table N-l is a list of the characteristics and requirements of the four land
application processes.
The process characteristics, quality of the treated water, and how the
applied water is dispersed differ greatly among the four processes. The
quality of the water after treatment is a function of soil characteristics,
crop type, system management, and especially loading rate. Loading rate and
land area requirements overlap for the different processes. The wastewater
quality, climate, soil, geology, topography, land availability, and quality
requirements for return flow generally determine which of the four land
treatment processes is most suitable for a particular region.
On-site and other non-centralized systems
Non-centralized collection, treatment, and disposal systems may be used
to serve individual residences (on-site systems) or clusters of residences
or commercial units (community systems) which neither are connected into nor
a part of conventional treatment work. In nonurban settings, such arrange-
ments may offer a less costly alternative to a conventional central or
regional facility which serves a much more expansive area.
On-site systems may be publicly or privately owned. On-site technology
may include treatment with surface or subsurface discharge, recycle and re-
use, or evaporation. On-site .systems characteristically provide treatment
and disposal of wastewaters in the immediate locality of their generation.
Numerous strategies, including soil-dependent and non-soil dependent
systems, must be considered for on-site and community treatment and disposal
of wastewater. Land application systems and surface water discharge
systems, as previously discussed for centralized facilities, also may be
suitable and adaptable to non-centralized situations. Commonly used on-site
technology includes the following:
• Septic Tank - Soil Absorption Systems
• Aerobic Treatment - Soil Absorption Systems
• Sand Filtration, Polishing and Disinfection
N-5
-------
Table N-l. Four land application processes for treatment of municipal wastewater. (US-EPA 1976).
Overland flow
Irrigation
Annual
loading
acre
ft/ac/yr
5 to 25
1 to 5
,:.,
Net irrigated
land area
requirement
for 1>mgd flow
45 to 225 ac
plus buffer
areas, etc.
225 to 1,100
ac plus buffer
areas, etc.
Objective
Maximizes water treat*
ment
Crop harvest is incidental.
May be used as secondary
treatment of raw waste-
water or advanced treat-
ment of secondary treated
wastewater.
Maximizes agricultural
production by supplying
irrigation needs.
May be considered a
reuse option as well as
advanced treatment of
, partially treated waste-
water.
Soils and
geologic
materials
Suitable for slow or very
slow permeable soils and/
or high water table
conditions.
•
Generally requires natural
or constructed slopes of
2 to 8 percent.
Suitable for most irrigable
agricultural soils.
Irrigation method will
depend on soil, topog-
raphy and crop.
Dispersal of
applied water
Most water to surface
runoff.
Some water to evapo-
transpiration and very
little water to percolation.
Most water to evapo-
transpi ration.
Some water to percola-
tion and leaching of
salts.
Tailwater runoff from
surface irrigation can be
controlled.
Impact on quality
of applied water
BOO and suspended
solids greatly reduced.
High nitrogen removal.
Some phosphorous
removal.
Reduction of some heavy
metals.
Little change in total
dissolved ionic solids
(TDIS).
BOO and suspended
solids almost completely
eliminated.
Nutrients removed by
crop and soil.
Heavy metals adsorbed
or precipitated.
TDIS concentration
greatly increased by
evapotranspiration.
Little change in total
salts (applied =• leached).
Increase in hardness of
percolate.
-------
Table N-l. Four land application processes for treatment of municipal wastewater. (concluded)
High-rate
irrigation
Infiltration-
percolation
Annual
loading
acre
ft/ac/yr
1 to 10
1 1 to 500
Net irrigated
land area
requirement
for 1-mgd flow
110to 1.100
ac plus buffer
areas, etc.
2 to 100 ac
plus buffer
areas, etc.
Objective
Maximizes wastewater
treatment by supplying
nutrients and water as
needed by crop.
Agricultural crops are a
side benefit. In case of
conflict, wastewater treat-
ment is higher priority
than crop production.
Maximizes water filtration
and percolation to ground-
water.
Crop production is not a
benefit. There may not
be a crop.
Soils and
geologic
materials
Suitable for more perme-
able irrigable agricultural
soils.
Irrigation method will
depend on soil, topog-
raphy, and crop.
Requires good natural or
constructed drainage.
Suitable for highly
permeable soils.
Requires very good
natural or constructed
drainage.
Dispersal of
applied water
Most water to percola-
tion and evapotranspiration.
Tailwater runoff from
surface irrigation can be
controlled.
May result in buildup of
groundwater mound.
Most water percolates to
groundwater.
Some water to evapo-
transpiration.
No runoff.
May result in buildup of
large groundwater
mound.
Impact on quality
of applied water
BOD and suspended
solids almost completely
eliminated.
Nutrients removed by
crop and/or soil.
TDIS concentration in-
creased by evapotrans-
piration.
Additional salts leached
out of soil by excess
applied water (salt
loading).
BOD and suspended solids
reduced.
Some nutrient removal by
soil and crop.
Additional salts leached
out of soil by excess
applied water (salt
loading).
Increase in hardness of
percolate.
-------
• Mound Systems
• Evapotranspiration Systems
• Evaporation Systems
• Waterless Toilets/Greywater Systems
• On-Site Recycle Systems
• Combination systems
In choosing on-site systems, first it is necessary to evaluate design
constraints, such as soil types, site topography, geological character-
istics, climate, and water quality objectives. Then the construction,
operation, and maintenance requirements must be identified for each system.
Although many choices are available for on-site and community systems, only
a few offer economical and environmentally acceptable solutions.
Reuse of wastewater
Reuse and by-product recovery is one of the major techniques for
handling wastewater. Effluent quality required for reuse varies greatly by
the situation, however the ultimate pollutional effect must not exceed that
which would occur if treatment and discharge or land application were
employed. Wastewater effluent, after varying levels of treatment, may be
reused for:
• Irrigation to recover nutrient or water value
• Industrial recycling to recover nutrient, water, or heat value
• Commercial recycling to recover nutrient, water, or heat value
• Aquaculture uses, including all farming and production operations
• Groundwater injection to supplement water supplies or prevent
subsidence
• Development of arid lands
In addition to effluent, other treatment plant wastes such as sludges,
methane gas, and waste-activated carbon also may be reused. Sludge may be
applied to land or used to provide raw materials for industrial or commer-
cial manufacture of saleable products. The sale of dried sludge as a soil
builder or conditioner may provide additional revenue. Similarly, methane
gas can be put to beneficial use for municipal or industrial purposes.
N-8
------- |