WORKING PAPER NO. 52
COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN PROJECT
For Water Supply and Water Quality Management
BASIN COMPREHENSIVE REPORT
BENTON, KITTITAS, AND YAKIMA COUNTIES, WASHINGTON
ECONOMIC BASE ANALYSIS AND PROJECTION
1960 - 2010
DATE; December 1964 DISTRIBUTION;
Prepared by EES Project Staff
Reviewed by Cooperating Agencies
Approved by General
S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
Region IX
Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control
570 Pittock Block
Portland 5, Oregon
-------
YAKIMA BASIN COMPREHENSIVE REPORT
Beaton, Kittitas, and Yakima Counties, Washington
ECONOMIC BASE ANALYSIS AND PROJECTION
1960 - 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
A. The Economic Base Study Area 1
B. Present Economic Base and Population 3
1. Economic Activities 3
2. Population 12
C. Projected Economic Base and Population 15
1. Future Increases in Output and Employment of
Major Industries 15
a. Summary 15
b. Agriculture 15
c. Food Processing 20
d. Lumber and Wood Products 24
e. Coal Mining 25
£. Diversified Manufacturing 26
g. Service Industries 27
-i
2. Future Labor Force 29
3. Estimated Future Population 29
a. Yakima 3-County Area 29
b. Yakima Valley 32
c. Estimated Future Population in Incorporated
Places 32
d. Estimated Future Population by Service Areas. 34
-------
LIST OF TABLES
' Page
1. Labor Force, by Industry Group, Yakima 3-County Area,
April 1960 4
2. Comparative Distribution of Labor Force, by Industry
Group, April 1960 5
3. Land in Farms, by Type of Use, Yakima 3-County Area 8
4. Irrigated Acreage in Yakima 3-County Area 9
5. Source of Water for Irrigated Acreage, Yakima 3-County
Area, 1959 9
6. Acreage Harvested, By Principal Crops, Yakima 3-County
Area, 1959 10
7. Livestock and Poultry on Farms, Yakima 3-County Area,
1954 and 1959 11
8. Population, by County and Incorporated Places, Yakima
Valley Economic Area and 3-County Area 13
9. Estimated Future Population of the Yakima 3-County
Area, and an Illustrative Distribution of the
Future Labor Force, 1960 - 2010 31
1Q. Illustrative Projections of Future Population in
Incorporated Places, Yakima Valley 35
11. Projected Future Population in the Yakima Valley, by
Service Areas 36
-------
A. The Economic Base Study Area
Because most economic data are available only on a county
basis, a Yakima 3-County Area, defined to include all of Kittitas,
Yakima, and Benton Counties, is the primary area for economic
analysis. This 3-County Area, however, includes a substantial part
of Benton County lying outside the agriculturally important portion
of the basin. The intense agricultural development of the "Yakima
Valley" terminates just below Benton City. But Benton County's
two largest cities and also the economically important Hanford
Atomic Works are in the remaining portion of the county below that
point. For this reason, an economic study area called the Yakima
Valley has been delineated. The Yakima Valley is defined to include
all of Kittitas and Yakima Counties-' plus Benton County's 1960
census divisions 12, 13, 14 and "Prosser!1.1 These Benton County
census divisions comprise the closest approximation, in terms of
available statistical units, to that part of the county within
the agricultural Yakima Valley. Figure 1 shows the.location of
the Benton County census divisions included in the Yakima Valley,
as defined here.
I/ The political boundaries of Kittitas and Yakima Counties conform
closely to the topographic boundary of the physical basin. A strip
of Kittitas County along the Columbia River and the southwestern corner
of Yakima County are outside the physical basin, but these areas are
undeveloped and almost uninhabited, so that no significant distortion
is introduced by using these county lines as the boundary of the area
for economic analysis of the basin.
-------
FIGURE 1
YAKIMA VALLEY 'ECONOMIC AREA AND YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA
IN RELATION TO THE AREA DRAINED BY THE YAKIMA RIVER
County Boundaries ,
Boundary of area drained
by the Yakima River
Portion of Benton County,
comprising Census County
Divisions 12, 13, I1*, and
"Prosser", included in the
Yakima Valley Economic Area,
which also includes all of
Kittitas and Yakima
Counties. -
-------
"3
B. Present Economic Base and Population
1. Economic Activities
. Employment, by industry, in the 3-County Area in 1960 is
shown in Table 1. Table 2 shows the percent of the total labor force
in each industry group in the Yakima 3-County Area, and compares
that distribution with the Seattle Region and with the U. S. as a
whole. An estimated distribution for the Yakima Valley is also
shown. The difference between the employment pattern in the Yakima
Valley and the 3-County Area is mainly the result of the inclusion
in the latter of the Hanford Atomic Works and various industries
that have grown up as a result of it in Richland and Kennewick.
In the industrial classification, the Hanford Atomic Works, with
/
more than 6,000 employees, is classified as a "chemical" industry.
The comparisons in Table 2 show that the economic base of the
Yakima Valley depends primarily upon specialization in agriculture
and food processing. There is also more employment in trucking,
warehousing and wholesale trade than would be expected on the basis
of the employment pattern in the Seattle Region and in the U. S.
This is due to food-processing activities, and to the fact that the
city of Yakima acts as a collection and distribution center for a
somewhat larger area than the three counties. There is also above
"normal" employment in education, resulting from the Central Washington
State College at Ellensburg and a junior college at Yakima. The
larger than "normal" employment in cpnstruction is not considered
-------
TABLE I
LABOR FORCE, BY INDUSTRY GROUP, YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA, APRIL 1960
Industry Group
Individual Counties 3-County
Benton Kittitas Yakima Total
Agriculture
Forest management; fisheries
Mining
Manufacturing. Total
Logging, lumber, wood pr.,furn.
Primary & fabric, metals
Machinery, incl. electrical
Other durable goods
Food and kindred products
Textiles and apparel
Printing,' publishing, and allied
Chemical and allied
Other non-durables, & misc. mfrs.
Construction
Truck transp. and warehousing
R,R, & other transportation
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Education
All other services0-' .
Industry not reported
Total Employed Civilian Labor
Force
Military
Total Employed Labor Force
Unemployed
TOTAL LABOR FORCE
1832 1224
9 45
3 110
629
269
45
20
43
195
0
53
0
4
825
142.
154
205
1246
938
1617
136
7271
24
7295
653
7948
2179
189
426
311
2770
1239
4605
412
22072
826
22898
1561
24459
3101
1514
689
3051
7472
2491
11628
773
49014
281
49295
5563
54858
6105
1845
1269
3567
11488
4668
17850
1321
78357
1131
79488
7777
87265
a/ More than 6000 of these employees were at the Hanford Atomic Works.
b>/ Includes 213 in "Pulp, Paper, and Allied Products", according to Washington
State covered employment data for April 1960.
£/ Includes communications and utilities; finance, insurance, real estate,
business and repair services; personal services, private household workers,
entertainment and recreation; professional and related services; and public
administration.
Source: U. S. Census of Population, 1960.
-------
TABLE 2
COMPARATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF LABOR FORCE, BY INDUSTRY GROUP, APRIL 1960
(As Percent of Total Labor Force)
Industry Group
Yakima
Valley
a/
3-County
Area
b/
Seattle
Region
c/
United
States
Agriculture
Forest management; fisheries
Mining .
Manufacturing . Total
Logging, lumber, wood pr. , furn.
Primary and fabricated metals
Machinery, incl. electrical
Other durable goods
Food and kindred products
Textiles and apparel
Printing, publishing and allied
Chemical and allied
Other non-durables, and misc. mfrs.
Construction
Truck transp. and warehousing
R.R. and other transportation
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Education
All other services!./
Industry not reported
Total Employed Civilian Labor Force
Military
Unemployed
TOTAL LABOR FORCE
1.0
.5
.5
6.3
2.6
1.3
5^2
13.9
5.5
21.2
1.4
89
6
.5
9.9
100.0
17.4
.1
.2
17.0
1.4
.3
.4
.8
3.8
.4
. 1-0
8.5-'
.4
7.0
2.1
1.5
4.1
13.2
5.3
20.4
1.5
89.8
1.3
8.9
100.0
4.5
.5
.1
6.1
.1
.9
24.1
5.0
1.6
l-b
2.6
.6
1.3
1.1
2.2
25.1
1.5
3.6
4.4
4.6
2.6
3.1
1.6
1.2
2.5
5.8
1.2
3.1
3.7
13.5
5.2
24.8
2.6
89.1
4.6
6.3
100.0
5.5
1.3
2.6
3.2
13.7
4.8
25.5
3.7
92.5
2.5
5.0
100.0
a/ Based on the distribution in Kittitas and Yakima Counties. It is assumed
that the portion of Benton County included in the Yakima Valley has an
employment pattern similar to the other two counties.
b_/ Includes all of Benton, Kittitas and Yakima Counties.
c_/ Defined as Washington State, less 5 counties in southwestern Washington (in
the Portland Region) and 15 counties in eastern Washington (in the Spokane
Region.
d/ Includes the Boeing Co. at Seattle.
e/ Includes the Hanford Atomic Works.
f_/ See Table 1, note c.
Source: U. S. Census of Population, 1960.
-------
to be part of the permanent economic base but to result principally
from unusual building activity in the area at the time of the 1960
census."
Tables 3 through 7 provide data on the agricultural economy of
the Yakima 3-County Area. Of the 526,000 acres of cropland harvested
in 1959, 345,000 were irrigated. In addition to this cropland
irrigated, 113,000 more acres of .land in uses other than for crops
(pasture, etc.) were irrigated. Most of the irrigation is provided
through organized irrigation districts rather than by on-farm sources.
The principal crops grown in the Yakima Basin are shown in Table 6.
With the exceptions of winter wheat and barley, nearly all crops are
grown only on irrigated land. These provide the raw material for
the basin's important food-products manufacturing industry. As
shown in Table 6, orchards are a major component in the agricultural
economy. Livestock and poultry are also important in the basin.
Dairy, meat and poultry products from the Yakima Valley are shipped
to cities throughout the Northwest, particularly to the populous
Puget Sound area. Table 7 shows the populations of the principal
domestic animals, by county. From 1954 to 1959, there was some
decrease in the number of milk cows in the 3-County Area, but other
cattle increased. There was a large increase, percentagewise, in
hogs and pigs from 1954 to 1959, and a small decrease in the number
of poultry.
I/ Construction activity at Wanapum Dam was near its peak in 1960,
while at Priest Rapids Dam final construction, including installa-
tion of generators, was still under way. Employees at these two sites,
most of whom lived in Kittitas and Yakima Counties, would account for
much of the above-average employment in construction in the 3-County Area.
-------
As can be seen from the acreage figures for each of the three counties,
shown in Table 6, the heart of the Yakima Valley is Yakima County. Yakitna
County is the leading county in Washington State in value of farm products
sold. It ranks first in the state in production of tree fruits, grapes,
sugar beets, vegetables, cattle, sheep, and turkeys. It is also the lead-
'" i •
ing county in the Nation in production of apples, hops, and mint.i'
\J Yakima County Agriculture. Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, 1964,
p. 4.
-------
TABLE 3
a/
LAND IN FARMS, BY TYPE OF USE, YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA-'
In Thousands of Acres
Type of Use .1954 1959
Cropland harvested . 509 526
Cropland fallow, etc. 199 215
Pasture:
Cropland used for pasture 74 102
Woodland used for pasture . 418 - ^99
Pasture and range land .1098 1527°-'
Woodland 11 31
Other land in farms (roads, lots, etc.) 100 128
TOTAL LAND IN FARMS 2409 3028
a/ Includes all of Benton, Kittitas and Yakima Counties.
b/ Factors contributing to the large increase in "pasture and range
land" were: (1) the opening up of a portion of the Yakima Firing
Range to grazing; (2) re-opening to grazing of parts of the Indian
reservation which had been closed because of over-grazing, but where
range grasses had become re-established; and (3) opening to grazing
of logged-off areas after grass had become established.
Source: U. S. Census of Agriculture, 1959, Washington State volume,
Table 1, page 142.
-------
TABLE 4
IRRIGATED ACREAGE IN YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA-/
Type of Land Use Acres Irrigated. Thousands
1954 1959
Cropland irrigated 323 345
Other land irrigated (pasture, etc.) 109 113
TOTAL IRRIGATED LAND 432 45 &
a/ Includes all of Benton, Kittitas and Yakima Counties.
b_/ Of this total, 23,000 acres were irrigated by sprinkler only.
Source: U. S. Census of Agriculture, 1959, Table la.
TABLE 5
a/
SOURCE OF WATER FOR IRRIGATED ACREAGE, YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA, 1959-
Source of Water Acres, Thousands
Ground water (source on farm) only 6
Surface source (source on farm, not part of
irrigation organization) 19
Irrigation organization only 370
Both farm ground water and farm surface water 2
Both irrigation organization and farm ground or farm
surface water 61
TOTAL IRRIGATED ACREAGE, 1959 458
a/ Includes all of Benton, Kittitas and Yakima Counties.
Source: U. S. Census of Agriculture, 1959, Table la.
-------
10
TABLE 6
ACREAGE HARVESTED, BY PRINCIPAL CROPS, YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA, 1959
In Thousands of Acres
Type of Crop
Crops
Harvested
from
Individual Counties
Corn
Winter wheat
Spring wheat
.Oats
Barley
Beans, dry field and seed
Peas, dry field and seed
Hay
Hops
Potatoes
Sugar Beets
Asparagus
Sweet corn
Tomatoes
Green peas
Orchards & vineyards
Misc. & not classified
TOTAL
Benton
5.7
.9
2.5
.6
.7
1.1
.1
8.9
1.3
2.3
2.1
1.7
.3
,
.8
5.6
-^1
kO.3
Kittitas
.9
.3
5.^
5.9
1.9
-
.6
if 2. 8
-
1.3
.8
-
2.3
-
.3
.2
._2
62.9
Irrigated Acreage
3~County
Total
Yakima
fr 1.5
A
9.0
2.0
' 6.1
-
.2
Mi. 9
17.0
*f. 5
Hf.it
10.2
8.1
1 .1
1.5
61 A
19.8
2^2.1
If8. 1
1.6
16.9
8.5
8.7
1.1
.9
96.6
18.3
8.1
17-3
11.9
10.7
1.1
2.6
67.2
25.7
3fr5-3
Total
Acreage,
Including
non-
irrigated,
3-County .
Total
1
^9.3
113.8
. 23.7
9.6
35.6
1.1
.9
IOfr.1
18.3
8.2
17.3
11.9
10.9
1.1
2.6
69.0
Jf8.fr
525.8
Includes all of Benton, Kittitas and Yakima Counties.
Source: U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1959, Washington State volume, Table Ha,
page 206.
-------
11
TABLE 7
LIVESTOCK & POULTRY ON FARMS, YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA, 1954 and 1959
Individual Counties
Benton
Kittitas
Yakima
3-County
Total
1954 1959 1954 1959 1954 1959 1954
1959
Milk cows 3630 2856
Other cattle 19549 19958
Hogs & pigs 3142 6272
Chickens 57039 45110
6132 4653 16882 12257 26644 19766
57364 59003 106574 119250 183487 198211
1698 2167 14077 17197 18917 25636
45398 41975 238768 247418 341205 334503
Source: U. S. Census of Agriculture, 1959, County Table 8.
-------
2.. Population
The population of the Yakima Valley was about 177,000 in 1960,
and the population of the 3-County Area was about 228,000. The
difference is due to the exclusion from the Yakima Valley of the
most populous parts of Benton County, as shown in Table 8. Of the
177,000 in the Yakima Valley, 145,000 were in Yakima County. Data
i
are also presented in Table 8 for a'Yakima Urban Area", which includes
the suburban development surrounding the city of Yakima, as well as
the population within the incorporated limits of the city. The
boundaries used for this Urban Area are described in footnote "b"
of Table 8.
Population trends during the 1950-60 decade were as follows:
Yakima County--Population increased about 10,000 during
the 1950-60 decade. About half of this increase was within the
city of Yakima. The rest of the growth was distributed among nine
other incorporated places in the county. The population in the unin-
corporated area remained about constant, but this population is relatively
large, reflecting the importance of agriculture in the county. The
average annual compound rate of growth during 1950-60 was 0.7 percent
in Yakima County, compared with 0.6 percent in the Yakima Basin, 0.8
percent in the 3-County Area, and 1.8 percent for Washington State
as a whole.
-------
13
TABLE 8
POPULATION, BY COUNTY AND INCORPORATED PLACES, YAKIMA VALLEY ECONOMIC AREA
AND 3-COUNTY AREA
County or City
1940
1950
1960
KITTITAS COUNTY, TOTAL
Cle Elum
Ellensubrg
Kittitas
Ros lyn
South CleElum .
Unincorp orated—'
YAKIMA COUNTY, TOTAL
Yakima Urban Area J2/
Yakima City
Union Gap City .
Unincorporated suburban SJ
Grandview
Granger
Harrah
Mabton
Moxee City
Naehes
Selah
Sunnyside
Tieton
Toppenish
Wapato
Zillah a/
Unincorporated outside Yakima urban area —
BENTON COUNTY .TOTAL
BENTON COUNTY INSIDE YAKIMA VALLEY, TOTAL
Benton City
Prosser
West Richland .
Unincorporated portion of CCD's 12, 13, 14 -
TOTAL, YAKIMA VALLEY^/
BENTON COUNTY, OUTSIDE YAKIMA VALLEY, TOTAL
Kennewick '
Richland
Unincorporated
TOTAL, YAKIMA 3-COUNTY-. AREA £/
20230"
223U
5944
501
1743
n.a.
9812
99019
n.a.
27221
976
n.a.
1449
752
n.a.
485
335
536
1130
2368
n.a.
3683
1483
803
n.a.
12053
n.a.
n.a.
1719
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
1918
n.a.
n.a.
131302
22235
8430
586
1537
442
9034
135723
60648
38486
1766
20396
2503
1164
297
831
543
633
2489
4194
620
5265
3185
911
52440
51370
8697
863
2636
n.a.
5198
166655
42673
10106
21809
10758
209328
20467
18ifa
8625
536
1283
383
7824
145112
65608
43284
2100
20224
3366
1424
284
958
499
. 680
2824
6208
479
5667
3137
1059
52919
62070
11631
1210
2763
1347
6311
177210
50439
14244
23548
12647
227649
£/ Includes all unincorporated areas as of year shown, including portions
imarked "n.a.". (not available) which were later incorporated.
])/ Defined to include Yakima County 1960 census divisions 9,10,11,12,15,16,
17, 18,19, and Yakima City. Included within these divisions are the
City of Union Gap and the unincorporated communities of Fairview,
Fruitvale, South Broadway and Sumach.
c./ Includes all of Kittitas and Yakima Counties and Census County Divisions
12,13,14 and "Prosser" in Benton County.
d/ Includes all of Kittitas, Yakima and Benton Counties.
Source: U. S. Census of Population, 1940, 1950, 1960, April 1.
-------
14
Kittitas County--Population declined about 8 percent during
the 1950-60 decade. The ,city of Ellensburg, where the Central Washington
State College is located, grew slightly, but all other cities and the
unincorporated area declined in population.
Benton County—All of the cities and also the unincorporated
areas increased in population during the 1950-60 decade. The portion
within the Yakima River Basin increased at an annual rate of 2.9 percent,
and the portion outside the .basin increased at an annual rate of 1.7
percent.
I/
Estimates of county population, as of July 1, 1964, are:~
April 1,' July 1, Average annual
County 1960 1964 Rate of Change. 7.
Benton 62070 66000 1.5
Kittitas • 20467 22000 ' 1.8
Yakima 145112 147100 0.3
TOTAL, 3-County Area 227649 235100 0.8
\J Source for the July 1, 1964 estimates is Washington State Department
of Health, Public Health Statistics Section, Olympia, Wash., publication
PHS 9/29/64.
-------
15
C. Projected Economic Base and Population
1. Future Increases in Output and Employment of Major Industries
a. Summary
The economy of the Yakima Valley is heavily dependent upon
agriculture and food processing, with some additional specialization in
lumber and wood products manufacturing, trucking, warehousing and whole-
saling, and education. Future growth of the Valley's economy and popula-
tion will depend primarily upon expansion of these same industries. The
only other growth factors foreseeable are the possibilities of increased
employment in services connected with recreation, the spillover effects
that would be felt from further development and diversification at Hanford,
the proposed development of coal mines near Cle Elum, and the stimulus
that might result if barge navigation on the Columbia River is extended
to Wenatchee.
b. Agriculture
(1) Agricultural acreage. It is assumed that there will be no
significant increase in total acreage, but that irrigated acreage will
increase slowly during the study period.-1 A rate of growth in irrigated
acreage of 0.2 percent per year has been adopted for this study. This
corresponds to the rate of growth in irrigated cropland projected for
Benton, Kittitas and Yakima Counties for the period 1958-1975 by the Soil
2/
and Water Conservation Needs Inventory.— The 0.2 percent per year rate
I/ No large increase in irrigated acreage is expected, because water
rights on existing irrigated acreage are inadequate for low-flow years.
Increases in available water would probably be used first to firm up
irrigation on present acreage.
2J This report was published in April, 1962 by the Washington Conservation
Needs Committee, of which the Soil Conservation Service was chairman. The
report projected an increase in irrigated cropland of about 17,000 acres in
the 3-County Area from 1958 to 1975.
-------
16
is slightly higher, though not far different, than the rate of growth in
irrigated acreage in the Yakima Basin projected in the CBIAC North Cascade
Mountains Study." There appears to be ample irrigable acreage not yet
irrigated to allow for the increase at the rate adopted here, if water
2/
can be made available.—
(2) Domestic Animal Populations; During recent years, there has
been a marked increase in cattle production in the Yakima Valley. Most
of the production is in feed yards. Cattle feeding is steadily growing
in importance. In Yakima County alone, there are now about 125 feed lots,
, _ 3/ The data in Table 7 show
the largest number in any county in the state.-
that cattle (other than milk cows) in the 3-County Area increased from
183,487 in 1954 to 198,211 in 1959. Historical data show that this is
part of a long-term trend. - For purposes of this study, it is assumed
that cattle population in the Yakima Valley will increase at about the
rate projected for the population of Washington State, or about 2.0 percent
vear — / That same rate of increase has also been assumed for hogs and
pigs, whose number in the 3-County Area increased substantially from 1954
to 1959. In the case of poultry, an increase in chicken population in
Yakima County from 1954 to 1959 was more than offset by decreases in Benton
iy CBIAC, North Cascade Mountains Study. January 1964, Part II, section D,
page 4, shows irrigated acreage in the Yakima Basin of 498,000 acres in
1963, projected to reach 513,000 acres in 1985 and 528,000 acres in 2010.
This would represent an average annual rate of increase during the entire
period of about 0.13 percent.
2J According to E. F. Eldridge, Return Irrigation Water, U.S.P.H.S., Portland,
Oregon, May 1, 1960, page 65, the Yakima Basin contains a potential of 621,000
irrigable acres. On a somewhat different basis of classification, the North
Cascade Mountains Study referred to in note 3 above (Part II,- section D, page 2)
estimated that total irrigated and potentially irrigable acreage in the
Yakima Basin was 528,000 acres. This was also the number of acres which
that report estimated would be under actual irrigation by 2010.
3/ Yakima County Agriculture. Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, 1964, p. 54.
4/ Ibid., p. 55.
5/ Based upon projections of Washington State population adopted in May 1964
b"y the Economics Subcommittee of CBIAC.
-------
17
and Kittitas Counties. However, it is assumed that the recent increasing
trend in Yakima County is likely to be dominant in. the future, due to the
large population increases projected for the Northwest. Poultry production
will be encouraged not only by this increasing demand, but also by the
fact that there is a good local supply of feed crops, and a dry climate.
In addition to chickens, turkey production is now important in the Yakima
Valley. Yakima County turkey production increased 10 percent from 1954 to
1959, and the county leads all counties in the state in turkeys raised.—'
Competition from other parts of the country which specialize in poultry
production may impede the growth of the industry.in the Yakima Valley,
. and, for purposes of projection, it is assumed that poultry numbers in
the Yakima Valley will increase at only half the rate expected for
State population, or at about 1.0 percent per year. This also approximates
the rate of increase in poultry production in Yakima County during 1954-
59. Dairy cows in the Yakima Valley have been decreasing in numbers in
recent years. However, the value of all dairy products sold in the 3-
County Area increased from about $5.1 million in 1954 to about $5.3 million
in 1959. This was accomplished partly as a result of an increase in yields
per cow. In the U. 'S. as a whole, the number of milk cows has declined
about 1.8 percent per year since 1950, but the average yield per cow has
increased about 2.5 percent per year, with total milk output increasing
about 0.7 percent per year.—' In the Yakima Valley, the decrease in
number of milk cows shown in Table 7 was about 6 percent per year during
\l Yakima County Agriculture, op. cit., p. 58.
2/ Statistical Abstract of the U. S., U. S. Dept. of Commerce, 1963, p. 681.
-------
18
1954-1959. Increasing costs have made small dairy operations uneconomical
in the Yakima Valley. However, the decline in milk cows appears now to have
halted with milk cow numbers levelling off at about the 1959 figure." For
purposes of projection, it is assumed in this report that future
improvements in yield per cow will be marginal, and that the number of
milk cows in the Yakima Valley will slowly increase, as a result of growing
population in the Valley itself and in the Northwest, at 0.5 percent per
year. On the basis of the growth rates assumed above, animal populations
in the Yakima 3-County Area in the future would be as follows:
1959 1985 2010
Milk Cows 19766 22500 25500
Other Cattle 198211 331700 544200
Hogs and Pigs 25636 42900 70400
Chickens 334503 433300 555600
(3) Agricultural productivity. Future increases in farm production
will result not only from some increase in acreage, but also from increases
in productivity per acre. In the United States as a whole, productivity
per acre in recent decades on all cropland increased about 1.9 percent per
I/
year. Assuming that increase will continue, the increase in the Yakima
Basin in the future should at least equal that rate, and probably exceed
it, because of the possibilities of increasing the amount of irrigation
on acres at present receiving only partial irrigation. It is assumed
here that average productivity per acre in the Yakima Basin will increase
at two percent per year during the study period.
I/ *_Yakima County Ag-Hrn'l<'iirel op. cit., p. 55.
2_/ This is the average annual rate of increase in crop production per
acre during the period 1930-60, as shown in Statistical Abstract. 1962,
p. 643.
-------
19
(4) Agricultural employment. Employment in agriculture
in the United States during the last few decades has declined, not
only as a percent of the total labor force, but also in absolute
terms. In the Yakima 3-County Area, however, this trend has been
less pronounced. Agricultural employment there increased from
15,720 in 1940 to 17,403 in 1950, and then declined to 15,211 in
I/
1960. Bringing additional land under irrigation no doubt helped
maintain the number of persons working in agriculture. The number
of farmers has also been increased by the Bureau of Reclamation's
law that 16Q acres is the maximum size of a single farmer's holding
2/
of land receiving irrigation water.— It is assumed here that the
160-acre legal requirement will continue in force. Also tending to
maintain or increase the number of farmers in the future will be
an expected shift of acres into specialty crops, which require a
higher labor input per acre than hay or grains. On the other hand,
working towards a decrease in agricultural employment is the long-
established trend of rising productivity per worker in agriculture.
It is assumed that this trend will continue, though at a slower
rate than in recent decades. On balance, it is assumed that in
the Yakima Valley these factors will be roughly offsetting, so that
i
employment in agriculture will remain about at its present level
during the study period.
\J All of these figures are as of April 1st, and may to some extent
reflect variations in seasonal conditions among these years.
2_/ It is noteworthy that the average size of farm having irrigation
in 1959 was 150 acres in Benton County and 169 acres in Yakima County.
In Kittitas County, the average was 585 acres, a difference probably
explained by the relatively greater importance of wheat and hay crops
in Kittitas County.
-------
20
c. Food Processing
(1) Output. On the basis of preceding assumptions, the
raw material for food processing in the Yakima Valley would increase
at about 2.2 percent per year (0.2 percent from increases in acreage,
and 2.0 percent from increases in productivity per acre). Additional
increases are expected, as a result of diverting irrigated land
presently used for hay and grains to specialty crops to be used in
freezing and canning. About 30 percent of total irrigated acreage
in the 3-County Area was in hay and 26 percent in grains in 1959.
Most food processing is based on fruits and vegetables, for which
only 37 percent of the irrigated acreage was used in 1959, as shown
in Table 6. It is assumed that the combined effect of these factors
will be that the raw materials available for food processing, and the
output of food processing plants, in the Yakima Valley in 1985 will
be about double the 1960 level, and in 2010 about four times the 1960
level. For purposes of this study, it is further assumed that this
same growth rate will apply to all crops now processed, so that the
relative proportions among the various food products will remain
the same in the future as at present. It is assumed here that
the growth in food processing will represent expansion at or near
existing plants. This assumption might have to be revised if river
barge navigation, is extended from Pasco to Wenatchee, in which case
there might be some advantages in locating plants along the Columbia
River.
-------
21
(2) Employment. A number of factors make it particularly
difficult to estimate the future part of the labor force that will be
employed in food processing. For example, a substantial part of
employment in food processing represents persons who enter the labor
force only for the short canning and packing season and then withdraw
from it. There is a wide seasonal variation. Another difficulty
arises from the fact that employment in food processing is composed
of two diverse elements. One consists of the creameries, bakeries,
bottling works, etc. which serve the community itself. This
employment is related to the size of the local population. The
other, and in the case of the Yakima Valley, the larger, part of
food processing employment comprises the canning, freezing and
preserving of fruits and vegetables for export from the Valley, and
is related to the Y°lume of raw material available from the Valley's
orchards and cropland. No precise allocation of the Valley's total
food-processing employment between these two groups is possible on
the basis of presently available data.-' Taking all food processing
as a whole, employment in that industry in the Yakima 3-County Area
increased at about 5 percent per year during the period from 1940 to
1960. The rate of increase was about-5.6 percent per year during
\J On the basis of employment data for manufacturing firms as reported
in the Directory of^Washington State Manufacturers. Wash. State Dept.
of Commerce and Economic Development, Olympiaf Wash., 1964, a rough
estimate can be made that about one-fourth of the employment in
food processing in the Yakima Valley is engaged in making products
for local use.
-------
22
1940-50 and abou. 4,6 percent per year during 1950-60.I/ This sub-
stantial increase in food processing was due, in large part, to the
increase in irrigation resulting from three new projects completed
during the 1940-60 period.—' As indicated in the preceding section
on agricultural acreage, it is assumed that future increases in
irrigation will come at a slower rate. In the preceding paragraph
it has been assumed that raw material from the Valley's orchards
and cropland would increase at a rate sufficient to enable food
processing output to double in the 25 years from 1960 to 1985 and
double again from 1985 to 2010. This would represent an average
annual rate of increase of about 2.9 percent. Employment will
increase less rapidly than that, however, due to rising-productivity
per employee. The rate of increase in productivity per employee
will vary widely among different foods, processes, and plants.
During recent years, in the U. S. as a whole, output per employee
_!_/ Employment in food and kindred manufacturing in the Yakima 3-County
Area, as reported by the U. S. Census of Population for April 1st of
the year shown, increased as follows:
Employment Annual Rate'of Increase. %
County 1940 1950 19,60 1940-50 1950-60 1940-60
Benton 125 185 423
Kittitas 148 159 195
.Yakima 932 1736 2657
3-COUNTY TOTAL 1205 2080 3275 5.67» 4.6% 5.07»
2/ Projects completed in the Yakima Basin during the 1940-60 period
were the Wapato No. 2 Dam, in 1942; the Chandler Dam in 1956; and the
Roza Dam in '1958.
-------
23
per hour in food manufacturing activities is estimated to have
increased at a rate of about 2.7 percent per year.— If such a
productivity increase were assumed for the Yakitna Valley for the
next 25 years, it would mean that nearly all of the projected doubling
of food processing output could be handled by the existing labor force.
However, it appears likely that the rate of increase in productivity
per worker will level off in the future as the more obvious labor-
saving improvements have been made. It is also probable that a part
of the future increase in output per man-hour will be taken out in
increased leisure, if, as appears reasonable, the well-established
long-term trend of declining hours of work per week continues. For
purposes of this study, it is assumed that employment in food
processing in the Yakima Valley will increase at about 1.5 percent per
year during the study period. This rate has been used for projecting
employment in the "food and kindred" category in Table 9.
\_l Output per man-hour, for production workers only, in food canning
and preserving in the U.S.' as a whole is estimated to have increased
at a rate of about 3.4 percent per year during the period 1950-60,
according to data in Statistical Abstract, U. S. Dept. of Commerce,
1963, Table 309, page 238. However, the rate of increase would be
lower if clerical and other non-production employees in the industry
were included. An estimate of the increase in productivity for all
employees in all food manufacturing activities can be derived from
data on industrial production. As shown in the Statistical^Abst r ac t.
Table 1093, page 774, output of food and beverage manufacturers increased
from an index of 83 in 1950 (1957-9=100) to 107 in 1960. At the same
time, employment in "food and kindred" manufacturing increased only
slightly, from 1,790,000 to 1,793,000 (Statistical Abstract, Table 296,
page 225). Average hours worked per week in "food and kindred" manu-
facturing decreased from 41.6 in 1950 (Statistical Abstract, 1958
edition, page 229) to 40.9 in 1960 (Statistical Abstract. 1963, p. 240).
Adjusting output for the changes in employment and hours, productivity
per employee per hour increased at a rate of about 2.7 percent per year.
-------
d. Lumber and wood products
There appears to be the possibility of expansion in production
and employment in this industrial category based upon harvesting
species which are not now being cut, such as lodgepole pine, larch,
Engleman spruce, mountain hemlock, and alpine fir. This could
provide the raw material for manufacture of pulp or hardboard or
other wood composition products. Because of the large pulp and
paper facilities already well established over the Cascades :la western
Washington and because the transportation' of chips across the mountains
from Chelan County has already proved to be economically feasible, it
seems unlikely that additional pulp or paper capacity will be built
in the Yakima Basin. The most likely use of secondary species manu-
factured within the Yakima Basin would be for hardboard or particle
board. It is assumed, for purposes of estimating industrial wastes, that
two such plants will be established during the study period, with
Cle Elum and Yakima the most likely sites.-/ It is assumed that the
harvest of major species now being cut in the Yakima Basin will remain
about at the present level throughout the study period. The harvest
in the national forests is about at the allowable level and it is
believed that operations of Boise Cascade Corporation, the principal
private operator in the area, are about at the sustained yield maximum.
I/ The estimate of two hardboard or wood ccrnposition nills is based
on the assumption that the volume of cut of secondary species could
equal about one-third of the present volume in primary species. This
could provide about 50 million board feet per year, assuming that the
cut of primary species in the Yakima Basin is about 160 million board
feet. That volume would supply material for two plants each of a capacity
of 100-150 tons per day of hardboard.
-------
There can be some increase in employment in this sector, however,
due to increases in fabricating of secondary products, though such
an increase will be partly offset by increases in output per man-hour.
e. Coal mining
i
Coal reserves in the Yakima Basin, located in Kittitas
County near Roslyn and Cle Elum, are estimated at 241 million tons.-^
This deposit has been actively mined in the past, primarily for rail-
road coal. Over 63 million tons have been mined from the deposits to
2/
date.— Since the railroad changed to diesel locomotives, however,
production has dropped to a low level. Coal mining employment in
Kittitas County had declined to about 100 by 1960, from about 600 in
1950, and has further declined since then. But the coal deposits in
Kittitas County are of a higher quality than most of the coal found
in Washington State, and a tentative proposal has been made by a
group of PUDs to re-activate the mines for thermal power purposes.
By the late 1970s, electricity requirements will probably require
thermal power supplies to supplement hydro power. Whether the coal
mines are re-opened for this purpose will depend on the relative cost
advantages between coal-fired and nuclear-fired steam power generation.
It is assumed in this study, for water resource planning purposes,
that a 500,000-kw steam power plant will be in operation near the
JL/ Potential for the Coal Industry in the Pacific Northwest. Preliminary
Report, 1964, for Bonneville Power Administration, by U. S. Bureau of
Mines & H. Zinder & Assoc., p. 7.
2/ Ibid., p. 33.
-------
26
coal deposits by 1985. Such a plant would require about 1.3 million
tons of coal per year, of the quality found in Kittitas County,
and would employ about 300 persons in mining and generating plant
operations." For purposes of projections in this report, it is
assumed that the plant will be operating at the same level in 2010.
The assumption that such a plant will be built is, however, one which
should be re-examined in future years, as cost advantages between coal
and nuclear fuels change. Because coal is distributed so widely
throughout the United States, with many deposits much closer to
markets than the Kittitas location, it appears unlikely that the
Kittitas deposit would be used for any other purpose during the period
to 2010.
f. Diversified manufacturing
With the growth in the size of the local economy, it is antici-
pated that there will be a more than proportionate growth in the local
manufacture of products now imported into the area. Table 2 shows
how the percentage of the labor force in the Yakima Valley in most
manufacturing categories falls far below that in the Seattle Region
and the United States. It is expected that, with growth, the Yakima
Valley will tend to move in the direction of the greater diversification
characteristic of the larger areas. This would mean increases in
employment in such classifications as fabricated metals, machinery,
I/ The heat rate of the proposed Cle Elum power plant would be 9000
BTU per kilowatt-hours (Ibid., p« 269, note). The coal in the Kittitas
deposits is evaluated at about 12,000 BTU per pound. The employment
projection is based upon the assumption (Ibid,, p. 290) that pro-
ductivity will increase in coal mining, due to mechanization, from
about 15 tons per man per shift at present in the Pacific Northwest
to about 30 tons by 1985, A 225-day mining year is also assumed.
-------
27
"other durables", and "other rion-durables". As shown in Table 9,
it it assumed that employment in these groups, taken as a whole,
will more than double from 1960 to 1985, with a somewhat slower rate
of increase during 1985-2010.
g. Service industries
(1) Trucking, warehousing and wholesaling. It is assumed
that Yakima will continue to act as a center for these services and
that employment in them will increase with the increase in state
population. As shown in Table 9, it is assumed that employment in
.trucking and warehousing will increase at an average annual rate of
about two percent during 1960-85 and 1985-2010. Employment in whole-
sale trade is included in "all other services", which is projected
to increase at an average annual rate of about 1.5 percent during
1960-85 and 1985-2010.
(2) Education. According to a recent economic study for
Kittitas County, the state college at Ellensburg doubled in number of
students during the past decade and is expected to double again during
the next decade.—' It is assumed here that the growth of the college
will continue during the study period, although at a slower rate during
the latter part of the period. Thus, the college will contribute
increasingly to the economic base of the area. Employment in primary
and secondary teaching is expected to continue to increase at a some-
what faster rate than population, constituting one of the factors
causing employment in service industries to represent a growing
percentage of the total labor force.
I/ Kittitas County Port District, Economic Survey. Kittitas County. 1962,
Page G-ll.
-------
28
(3) Recreation. There appear to be possibilities for
development of recreation and tourism activities along the eastern
slopes of the Cascades. This would add to the economic base of the
area and contribute to the increase in employment in "all other
services", as shown in Table 9.
-------
29
2. Future Labor Force
On the basis of the preceding assumptions, an illustrative
distribution of jthe labor force in the Yakima 3-County Area in
1985 and 2010 is given in Table 9. In this illustrative distribution,
service industries and diversified manufacturing are projected to
increase their shares of total employment. Only a small increase
is anticipated in employment in the group comprising agriculture
and other "extractive" industries.
3. Estimated Future Population
a. Yakima 3-County Area
Based upon the projected growth in employment discussed
in the preceding paragraphs, Table 9 gives an estimate of population
in the Yakima 3-County Area in 1985 and 2010. The growth rate for the
3-County Area's population would be 1.3 percent per year during both
the 1960-85 and 1985-2010 periods. In calculating the population
which it is assumed can be supported by the employment possibilities
envisioned, the following factors have been considered:
(1) Unemployment in the Yakima 3-County Area in 1960 was
much higher, as a percentage of the total labor force, than in the
United States as a whole. This was due to a large extent to the season-
al it y of the agricultural and food-processing industries in the Yakima
Valley. It is assumed in Table 9 that the high rate of unemployment will
decline in the future, due both to the diversification projected for the
future economy and to the fact that food processing is becoming less
seasonal as a result of holding crops in cold storage. The 5 percent
unemployment assumed for the Yakima 3-County Area is equal to the
present and assumed future rate of unemployment in the U. S. as a whole.
(2) A somewhat smaller percentage of the population in the
Yakima 3-County Area was in the labor force in 1960 than in the U. S. as
a whole. In the U. S. in 1960, between 40 and 41 percent of the total
population were in the labor force. There has been no definite trend
-------
30
of change in this ratio during recent decades. It is assumed
that that ratio will continue in the future for the U. S/ as a
whole and that the Yakima 3-County Area will tend to become more
like the Nation in this respect during the study period. It has
been assumed in Table 9 that the percentage of the population in the
labor force in the Yakima 3-County Area would increase from 38.3 perce'nt
in 1960 to about 39 percent by 2010.
-------
3.1
TABLE 9
ESTIMATED FUTURE POPULATION OF THE YAKIMA 3-COUNTY AREA .
AND AN ILLUSTRATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FUTURE LABOR FORCE, 1960-20103-'
Employment, nearest thousand
Industry Group ; 1960 1985 2010
Agriculture, forest management, fisheries,
and mining 15.5 16 -17
Manufacturing. Total 14.8 25 '37
Logging, lumber, wood prod., furn.—' 1.2 .2 3
Primary and fabricated metals,
machinery, transp. equip., '
and all other durables 1.2 4 7
Food and kindred products 3.3 5 7 /
Chemicals and allied 7.4 10°.' 12-/
Textiles, apparel, printing, and other
non-durables, and misc. mfr. 1.7 4 ' 8
Trucking and warehousing 1.8 3 5
Education 4.7• 8 ; 11
All other services, including construction
and "industry not reported" . 41.6 61 89
Total Employed Civilian Labor Force 78.4 113 159
Military 1.1 1 2
Total Employed Labor Force 79.5 114 161
Unemployed 7.8 7 8
Unemployed as percent of total employed
labor force (9.8%) (6.1%) (5.0%)
6
Total Labor Force 87.3 121 169
Population (nearest thousand) 228 314^ 434-
Total labor force as percent of population (38.3%) (38.5%) (39%)
a/ Includes all of Benton, Kittitas and Yakima Counties.
b_/ Includes hardboard, etc.
£/ It is assumed that the Hanford atomic works will continue, with some
moderate expansion in employment, and that there will be growth of other
more conventional chemical manufacturing, particularly in the field of
agricultural chemicals.
d/ Also corresponds to projections in North Cascade Mountains Study. CBIAC,
Jan.-1964, Part I, Table 1, page 42.
-------
32
b. Yakima Valley
As shown in Table 8, the portion of the Yakima 3-County Area's
population that was within the Yakima Valley was 79.6 percent in 1950
and 77.8 percent in 1960. Although it is assumed that the Richland-
Kennewick area will grow less rapidly in the future than it has in
the past, it is anticipated that the population in the Yakima Valley will
probably continue to decline slowly, as a percentage of the 3-County Area.
Here, it is assumed that the Yakima Valley will constitute 76 percent of
3-County Area population in 1985 and 75 percent in 2010. This would
mean that population within the Yakima Valley would be:
1960 177,000
1985 239,000
2010 326,000
c. Estimated Future Population in I.ncorporated Places
The incorporated places in the Yakima Valley, as shown in Table 8,
and including the entire Yakima City Urban Area as defined in that table,
constituted about 60 percent of total valley population in 1950 and
about 62 percent in 1960. It is assumed that this trend will continue
and that population in incorporated places in 1985 will represent about
67 percent of valley population in 1985 and about 72 percent in 2010.
This would mean that population in incorporated places in the valley
would be 160,000 in 1985 and 235,000 in 2010. The growth rate for
incorporated places, taken as a whole, would be about 1.6 percent per
year during the study period. The bulk of the growth is likely to be
in the Yakima Urban Area, with Ellensburg and the Cle Elum-Roslyn
area also participating because of the economic base factors discussed
above. A study of the economic base of each incorporated place in the
-------
33
Yakima Valley is beyond the scope of this report. Insofar as the growth
experience during the last two decades as shown in Table 8 is a guide,
it would appear that many of the smaller incorporated places have very
little growth potential. This would be consistent with the tendency
throughout the United States in recent decades for the growth rate of cities
to be proportionate to their size. Special circumstances can, of course,
upset this generalization in individual cases. In Table 10, which must
be regarded as simply a working hypothesis for planning purposes, the
following growth rates have been assumed for the study period:
City or Area
Yakima Urban Area
Ellensburg
Cle Elum, So. Cle Elum,
Roslyn Area
Grandview, Granger, Mabton,
Selah, Sunnyside, Zellah,
Benton,City, West Richland
Kittitas, Harrah, Moxee City,
Naches, Tieton, Toppenish,
Wapato, Prosser
Average for all incorporated
places
Annual Growth
Rate, 78
1.7
1.5
1.5
0.5
1.6
Factors Influencing
Selection of growth
Rate
Largest city; service
industry center for
entire basin; diversi-
fied manufacturing center.
Site of state college.
Coal mining; potential
recreation area; close to
secondary timber stands.
Relatively high rates of
growth during 1940-60 or
1950-60.
Relatively low rates of growth,
or decline in population,
during 1940-60 or 1950-60.
Because of the arbitrary nature of the growth rates assumed for
the various cities, Table 10 is offered only as a general guide to the
order of growth that would be consistent with recent trends and with
-------
34
the projected population of the valley as a whole. A factor increasing
the arbitrary nature of population projections for incorporated places
is that new incorporations may occur or the rate of annexation to
existing cities may change.
d. Estimated Future Population by Service Areas
In order to facilitate planning for water supplies and waste
disposal, the Yakima Valley has been divided into six service areas, and
the projected future population of the Valley has been distributed among
these areas, as shown in Table II* . The distribution of unincorporated
population has been made on the basis of a..judgment as to the potential
for expansion of agriculture in the various areas and the probabilities of
growth in suburban population.
-------
35
TABLE 10
ILLUSTRATIVE PROJECTIONS OF FUTURE POPULATION IN INCORPORATED PLACES
YAKIMA VALLEY
(Population to nearest thousand)-
City or Area
Kittitas County;
Cle Elum, South Cle Elum, and
(total population)
Ellensburg
Kittitas
Yakima County:
Yakima Urban Area3.'
Grandview
Granger
Harrah
Mabton
Moxee City ;
Naches
Selah
Sunnyside
Tieton
Toppenish
Wapato
Zillah
1960
Roslyn
3.5
8.6
.5
65.6
3.4
1.4
.3
1.0
.5
.7
2.8
6.2
.5
5.7
3.1
1.1
1985
5.0
12.5
.6
100.0
4.9
2.0
.3
1.4
.6
.8
4.1
9.0
.6
6.4
3.6
.1.5
2010
7.4
18.1
.7
153.0
7.2
2.9
.4
2.0
.7
.9
5.9
13.0
.7
7.3
4.0
2.2
Benton County (portion in Yakima Basin) :
Benton City
Prosser
West Richland
TOTAL, INCORPORATED PLACES IN
YAKIMA BASIN
1.2
2'. 8
1.3
110.2
1.7
3.1
1.9
160.0
2.3
3.5
2.8
235.0
a/ For definition of Yakima Urban Area, see Table 8 footnote^/.
-------
36
TABLE 11
PROJECTED FUTURE POPULATION IN THE YAKIMA VALLEY, BY SERVICE AREAS
(Population to nearest thousand)
Area
1950
1960
1985
2010
a/
Cle Elum - Roslyn Areer
Incorporated places-^
Unincorporated
Ellensfaurg - Kittitas Area0-'
Incorporated places^.'
Unincorporated
Naches - Yakima - Moxee City Area6.'
Incorporated places-
Unincorporated
Wapato - Toppenish AreaS'
Incorporated places]!/
Unincorporated
.'Sunny side - Grandview.Areai'
Incorporated placesJL'
Unincorporated
Prosser - Benton City AreaK'
Incorporated places^/
Unincorporated
6.5
4.2
2.3
15.7
9.0
6.7
84.6
64.9
19.7
28.0
9.7
18.3
23.1
8.7
14.4
8.7
n.a.
n.a.
4.8
3.5
1.3
15.7
9.2™>
6.5
89.2
70.1
19.1
28.5
10. 12>
18.4
27.4
12.0
15.4
11.6
5.3
6.3
6.7
5.0
1.7
21.6
' 13.1
8.5
128.1
106.1
22.0
, 33.4
' 11.8
21.6
35.4
17.3.
18.1
13.8
6.7
' 7.1
9.5
7.4
2.1'
29.3
18.8
10.5
186.1
161.2
24.9
38.7
13.9
24.8
45.9.
25.1
20.8
16.5
8.6
7.9
TOTAL YAKIMA VALLEY
Incorporated places
Unincorporated
166.6
n.a.
n.a.
177.2
110.2
67.0
239.0
160.0
79.0
326.0
235.0
91.0
&J Kittitas County Census Divisions 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
b/ Roslyn, Cle Elum, and South Cle Elum.
£/ Kittitas County Census Divisions 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, and Ellensburg.
d_/ Kittitas and Ellensburg.
e/ Yakima County Census Divisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
™ 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, Selah and Yakima.
fj Includes Yakima and Union Gap, and certain unincorporated suburban area as
defined in footnote "b" in Table 8, and also Tieton, Naches, Selah, and
Moxee City.
&/ Yakima County Census Divisions 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 33, 34, 35, 36,
37, 39, 40, Toppenish and Wapato.
h/ Harrah, Toppenish, Wapato, and Zillah.
i/ Yakima County Census Divisions 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 38, and Sunnyside.
j/ Grandview, Granger, Mabton and Sunnyside.
k/ Benton County Census Divisions 12, 13, 14, and Prosser.
\J Benton City, Prosser, West Richland.
m/ Differs from data shown in Table 10 because of rounding.
------- |