-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet (s) - Sheet / of '
Application: Refillable Bottles
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
Source
Being
Developed
1.2
Yes
Yes
References
1: Young. John E. 1991. Refillable bottles; return of a good thing.
WorldWatch (April). >
2: Chaplin. Scott. 1991. The return of refillable bottles. Resource
Recycling (March).
3: Ranier Brewing:-Company. 1991. Bottle Return Recycling Policy.
4:
5:
6:
. C '
7:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Refillable Bottles
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
Color Separation: Reference(s)
Percentage Range of Flint Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Amber Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Green Glass - % to %
x Condition: Reference(s)
x Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
__ Contamination: Reference(s)
Paper - % by weight Organic - % by weight
Metal - % by weight Other - % by weight
Plastic - % by weight Total - % by weight
_ Size - Gradation: Reference(s)
Upper Limit - sieve % passing by weight
Lower Limit - sieve % passing by weight
_ Moisture Content: Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Sorting required bv brand and type of beverage (2). Palletization
required. __^
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Refillable Bottles
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x11 to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicate
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover i
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
__ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
__ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
__ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(
Abfasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:Cleanliness
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Refillable Bottles
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive -
Negative - Not as convenient to consumers
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Reduces beverage costs through energy savings.
Negative - Need to stock pile refillables. Unlikely to standardize
bottle shapes because of need for product
differentiation.
Safety:
Positive - Bottles thoroughly cleaned before reuse
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Takes less energy to reuse. Lowest atmospheric emissions
and water waste impact of container alternatives. Very
low waste generator.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Trippage rates need to exceed 20 trips to have lowest environmental
impact. .
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
Aluminum can close competition in environmental soundness
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Refillable Bottles
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 3000
Percentage recovered - 40 %
.Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 10000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 25
Tons recovered - 19000 9000 10500
Usable in application? - ves ves ves
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 100 %
Application unit - ton
Weight per application - 1 ton
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year - 14.400
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide - 14.4lj
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - 32. % '
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - 20 %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - sand, soda, lime, fuel
Extent of preservation - Large
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity - cullet
Extent of application -
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Refillable Bottles
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:~
x High value added _ Low value added
Karket Development Stage:
x Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
* identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
__ Market development occurring outside of region
__ Application is being tried without research/testing
__ Application is being researched
2! Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Washinaton. Oregon
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Market share comes at expense of recycled bottles rather than
disposed bottles. Better green solution. _____
ctors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments - Economies of scale improvements
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - _________
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cost and Economic Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 2
Application: Refillable Bottles
Collection & Processing Costs
Note: Cost data are estimates only. Costs reflect a wide variety
of collection, handling, and sorting methods. Caution should be
exercised in using the data - prices can vary considerably over
time and as a function of location.
Costs ($ per ton):
Materials' street price -
Collection &/or handling -
Sorting -
Incremental cost of processing
to this application -
Transportation, $/ton
From
f$401
|5
$60
$5
To
$80
$23
$80
Remanufacture & Usage Costs
Cost of Using Gullet in Product:
Incremental costs of making
finished product -
Incremental costs of using
finished product -
Up
Down
x
Same
Demand Conditions
Price of Recycled-Content Product vs. Competing Products:
Market Price for Gullet (Per Ton):
160
$
$
Processing done by feedstock supplier
Processing done by finished product manufacturer
Quantity Demanded Statewide:
Tons per year -
Demand based on taking what percentage of market -
Market Price of Substitute Materials (Per Ton):
$
$
Virgin Materials
Recycled Materials
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cost and Economic Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 2
&pplication;Refillable Bottles _____
i
Supply Conditions
Note: Economic data are based on figures available for King County,
except where noted.
Cost of Supplying Gullet to Finished Product Manufacturer:
$ per ton - 70
Includes processing costs -
Avoided costs of landfilling -
Availability of Feedstock Statewide (Supply Quantity):
Number of feedstock producers statewide -
Quantity generated statewide - tons
Economic Trends
Supply/Demand Balance:
_ Overproduction
_ Underproduction
_ Balanced
Trends:
Up Down Level Unknown
Tipping Fees - _____
Substitute Materials Costs - _ _ _
Long Term Finished Product Market Share - _ __ I _
Expansion/Contraction Plans in Finished Product Market:
-------
GLASS MARKETS INFORMATION SYSTEM
Building Materials
Composite (Plastic-Glass) Wall Panel
Flat Glass
Glass Block
Glass/Sludge Tile
Glasscrete Architectural Surfacing
Marblite
Opacified Flat Glass
Roof Tiles
Sintered Mosaic Tiles
Synthetic Marble
Terrazzo
Vibratory-Cast Wall Panels
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
X. Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
K Resource Utilization Sheet
X. Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Composite (Plastic-Glass) Wall Panels .
Description: Non-structural decorative panels made bv extruding
plastic and glass together.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
_ Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
__ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
_ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
x Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
51
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Composite (Plastic-Glass) Wall Panels
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
Jational Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Sovernment Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
other (Specify)
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
Source
Being
Developed?
Yes
References
1: Davis, et al. 1972. Extrusion - a means of recycling waste
plastic and glass. In Proceedings of the Third Mineral Waste
Symposium.
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Composite fPlastic-Glassl Wal3 panels
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications1'.
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x. Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x. Crushed (Mechancially Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x. Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 50
Reference (s) l_
Lower Limit - 100
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Composite (Plastic-Glass) Wall Panels
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
__ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
__ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
^ Fracture Properties
^ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
Toughness
Use Range in Batch
Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
x
x
Abrasiveness _
Absorptivity _
Adhesiveness _
Compact ibility __
Convenience _
Density _
Dimensioning _
Durability, Chemical _
Durability, Mechanical _
Expansion _
Flammability _
Hardness _
Light Transmittance _
Lubricity _
Moisture Content _
Permeability _
Porosity _
Reflectivity _
Resiliency _
Shrinkage _
Skid Resistance _
Specific Gravity __
Sphericity _
Stability _
Stain Resistance __
Stiffness l_
Strength j._
Thermal Conductivity _
Thermal Expansion _
Water Resistance _
Water Sensitivity __
Workability _
Other:
54
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Composite (Plastic-Glass^ Wall Panels
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Compressive strength for commercial grade plastics-crlar
composite equal to concrete. .
Negative - Strength of waste plastics-alass composite not
sufficient for structural applications. Aesthetics may
not be process controlled using extrusion production •
techniques. __j
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - ^^
Negative - Laboratory experimental techniques not suitable for high1
volume production.
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Can use waste plastic as matrix.
Negative - Extrusion is energy-intensive process,
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Costly production process compared to polymerization technique used
for GPC pipe, but uses waste plastics. .
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with other Recyclable Materials:
55
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Composite (Plastic-Glass) Wall Panels
Feedstock Recovery
:ullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green Mixed
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 25 10
Tons recovered - 19000 9000 10500 4200
Usable in application? -
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 60 %
Application unit -
Weight per application -
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year -
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 -
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials -
Extent of preservation -
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity -
Extent of application -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Composite fPlastic-Glass1 Wall Panels
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible _ _ x
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk of competition from less costly products. Risk of develop!^
production process.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers - No commercial production process
Industry Structure - ____
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
5?
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
X Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Flat Glass
Description: Plate glass used for windows, mirrors, etc.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products x Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
_ Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
__ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier _ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
x Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - 0
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA %
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet fs> - Sheet i of
Application: Flat Glass _ _
Available Information Sources
Source (s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Market Study _
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
Source
Being
Developed?
No
References
1: Gainer and Associates. 1990. Recycling Entrepreneurship: Creating
Local Markets for Recycled Materials. PP 2-28 and 2-36.
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Flat Glass
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Sote: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
x Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
x Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Flat Glass .
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
x Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(
Abrasiveness _
Absorptivity _
Adhesiveness _
Compact ibility _
Convenience _
Density _
Dimensioning _
Durability, Chemical _
Durability, Mechanical _
Expansion _
Flammability _
Hardness _
Light Transmittance 1_
Lubricity _
Moisture Content _
Permeability _
Porosity _
Reflectivity _
Resiliency _
Shrinkage _
Skid Resistance _
Specific Gravity __
Sphericity _
Stability _
Stain Resistance _
Stiffness _
Strength __
Thermal Conductivity _
Thermal Expansion _
Water Resistance _
Water Sensitivity _
Workability _
Other:
€1
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Flat Glass ____^_
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive -
Negative - Negatively impacts optical properties, strength
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - Theoretically possible but contaminant sorting
technology does not exist for processing bottle cullet
to plate glass feedstock specifications
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
.Environmental Effects:
Positive - Preserves virgin materials
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
xadeoffs with Alternative Applications:
-ost and Performance Tradeoffs:
performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
Scrap glass from plate glass manufacturing needs home
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Flat Glass
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ x _
Institutionally Feasible _ x _
Economically Feasible - _ x _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Technology is not available at this time, nor is research being
conducted m_
A
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - ; ——*-.
Technological Developments - Advances in contaminant sorting
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
tachments:
References
Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Glass Block
Description: Architectural building block of glass, usually clear
implication's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Cpnstruction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
2£ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
__ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Belated Applications:
Feedstock
ablor/Source:
£ Flint Bottle
__ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
__ Mixed Color Bottle
£ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
recessing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
legional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
K Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants;
x. Region, few
__ Local, few
_ Local, many
stablished Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - 0
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA %
e-t
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet ' of '
Application: Glass Block ____
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Company Literature 1
References
1: Pittsburgh Corning. Undated. PC GlassBlock product description,
2:
3:
4:
5:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Glass Block
Physical Specifications
•ote: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
ote: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
'the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
x Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
x Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restficting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - sheet 2 of 3
Application: Glass Block
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Feedstock
__ Angularity
_ Brittleness
x Chemical Composition
x Consistency of Supply
__ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
__ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref (s)
X
X
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility __
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical __
Durability, Mechanical _
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance i_
Lubricity
Moisture Content ___
Permeability 4_
Porosity __
Reflectivity 1_
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity __
Sphericity
Stability _
Stain Resistance _
Stiffness _
Strength 1_
Thermal Conductivity i_
Thermal Expansion 1_
Water Resistance _
Water Sensitivity _
Workability _
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Glass Block _ _^_^__ _
Performance Assessment
inished Product Performance:
Positive -
Negative - Quality of product seriously -jeopardized bv using cullet
- cannot meet product specifications for strength and
liqht transmittance .
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - Patent on installation system discourages entry into
market
Safety:
Positive -
Negative - Blocks of bottle glass shatter hazard
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Costs to process to meet standards exceeds those for other high
value-added end uses ^^
-ost and Performance Tradeoffs:
3erformance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Glass Block
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ _ x
Institutionally Feasible _ _ _
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Costs to process to meet standards exceeds those for other high
value added end uses
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Processing costs
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Patented installation system
Consumer Tastes - Demand for high quality product
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
es*
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
^L References
^C Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Glass/Sludge Tile
Description: Decorative and roofing tiles made with glass as binder
and sludge as filler
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier __ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
x Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet I of I
Application: Glass/Sludge Tile
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source !
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Patents
References
1: Mackenzie. John D. 1973. Foamed glass and tiles from waste
containers. In Symposium on Utilization of Waste Glass in
Secondary Products. Albuouermae. New Mexico.
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
gpecifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Glass/Sludge Tile
Physical Specifications
^••^ »•• I • . '•_•'_ " •" ' — * !•••• •••«
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading MPerformance Specifications".
|_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x. Crushed (Mechancially Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
_ Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Glass/Sludge Tile
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this f
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates-
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
__ Abrasiveness
x Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
_ Compactibility
_ Convenience
x Density
_ Dimensioning
_ Durability, Chemical
x Durability, Mechanical
_ Expansion
x Flammability
x Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
_ Moisture Content
_ Permeability
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
_ Resiliency
__ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
x Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other:
Ref (s)
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Glass/Sludcre Tile
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Less dense, stronger, and consequently lighter than
conventional roofing tiles. Lower installation costs
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Cheaper than conventional ceramic roofing tiles. Glazes
easily. Can be painted.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive - Tiles heated to 1400 deq. F - no health danger from
sludge. Non-toxic; odorless.
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Uses two recovered materials - recyclable glass and
sludge
Negative - Unknown air emissions
Performance Tradeoffs
tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs: " .
Cost compg-hitive with conventional tllfesijaut perceived health risk
from sludge "'""""
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Glass/Sludae Tile
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
x Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - .
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible _ _ x
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Potential of hicrhlv cost-competitive product. Risk of low margin
of profitability.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
j(. References
j performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Glasscrete Architectural Surfacing
I
Description: Furniture and surfacing material make from cement-based
composite containing glass
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction x Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products x Consumer Products
Related Applications: Glasscrete tiles, home appurtenances
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
x Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
_ Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
x Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
*
* "*
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
x Local, few
_ Local, many
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - g %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet (s) - Sheet
Application: Glasscrete Architectural Surfacing
of
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Company Brochure
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
Source
Being
Developed?
Yes
References
1: Svndecrete. Undated. Company Brochure.
2:
3:
4:
5:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheel
Application: Glasscrete Architectural Surfacing
Physical Specifications
jlote: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
|are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass *
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
£ Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
c Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Glass is used on surface only.
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Glasscrete Architectural Surfacing __
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Chemical
Mechanical
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability,
_ Durability,
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
X
X
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity 1_
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability.- Chemical _
Durability.- Mechanical __
Expansion
Flammability __
Hardness i.
Light Transmittance _
Lubricity __
Moisture Content _
Permeability
Porosity _
Reflectivity __
Resiliency __
Shrinkage __
Skid Resistance _
Specific Gravity 1.
Sphericity __
Stability 1.
Stain Resistance 1.
Stiffness _
Strength 1.
Thermal Conductivity _
Thermal Expansion __
Water Resistance 1.
Water Sensitivity __,
Workability _
Other:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Glasscrete Architectural Surfacing
Performance Assessment:
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Svndecrete, a proprietary product, is a lightweight
concrete with high compressive strength. Glass is used
for a decorative effect.
Negative - Unable to evaluate potential of alkali-silica reaction
as product is proprietary.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - Not available as dry mix, cannot be poured in place.
leads to transportation expenses.
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs ,
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Product manufactured in Los Angeles - customized product
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Glasscrete Architectural Surfacing
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
x Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Los Angeles
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk of marketing stylized/specialized low-volume product.
Potential of prestige of owning product
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Availability of licensing
Consumer Tastes - Green marketing
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation - __
81
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
^ References
"£ specifications Sheets
Cost Sheets
' Recycled Characteristics Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Marblite
Description: Artificial fie, man-made) rock used for architectural
and ornamental purposes resembling marble.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction x Industrial Uses
Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Synthetic Marble
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
_ Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
x. Not in foreseeable future
Immediacy of Application Regionally:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
* of Post-Consumer Recycled Content in Application at Present:
Regional average - 0 %
Established Market Size:
Tons per year, Washington -
As % of available recovered feedstock - NA
«?•*>
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet I of L
Application: Marblite
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book i YES
Trade Article/Book •_
Other (Specify)
References
1: Gomozova. V.G.. et al. 1989. Marblite facing Plates based on
industrial wastes. Translated from Steklo i Keramika. (Mayy.
2: ~~~~~~^
3:
4:
5:
So*
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
^specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Marblite
Physical Specifications
ote: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
3te: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
L:he feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
'eedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
re listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
Color Separation: Reference(s)
Percentage Range of Flint Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Amber Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Green Glass - % to %
Condition: Reference(s)
_ Whole Bottles
Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
jc Crushed (Mechancially Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Contamination: Reference(s)
Paper - % by weight Organic - % by weight
Metal - % by weight Other - % by weight
Plastic - % by weight Total - % by weight
Size - Gradation: Reference(s)
Upper Limit - 2" sieve % passing by weight
Lower Limit - sieve % passing by weight
Moisture Content: Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
•MW«»MMMW«M»^»^MM«*^*«MWa
Use Conditions
3ther Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Marblite
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for ^
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Chemical
Mechanical
Feedstock
_ Angularity
__ Brittleness
x Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability,
_ Durability,
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
_ Abrasiveness _
__ Absorptivity _
_ Adhesiveness _
_ Compactibility __
_ Convenience
x Density 1_
_ Dimensioning _
x Durability, Chemical 1_
_ Durability, Mechanical _
_ Expansion _
_ Flammability _
_ Hardness __
_ Light Transmittance _
_ Lubricity _
_ Moisture Content _
_ Permeability _
_ Porosity _
_ Reflectivity _
__ Resiliency _
_ Shrinkage _
_ Skid Resistance _
_ Specific Gravity _
_ Sphericity _
_ Stability _
__ Stain Resistance _
_ Stiffness _
x Strength 1.
_ Thermal Conductivity _
x Thermal Expansion 1.
__ Water Resistance _
_ Water Sensitivity _
_ Workability _
Other:
jtr.
t. *
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Marblite __
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Product was "seed" free. Performance comparable to
marblite made from traditional raw materials.
Negative - Color was not uniform in experiments
Effects on Making the Finished Product;
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Preserves virgin materials (soda, and, dolomite)
Negative - Energy-intensive
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Marblite
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible _ __ _
Economically Feasible - _ _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk is material not competitive with already established products
.xafc:
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
specifications Sheets
Cost Sheets
Recycled Characteristics Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Qpacified Flat Glass
Description: Flat glass made opaque with coloring agents
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier _ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Not in foreseeable future
Immediacy of Application Regionally:
_ Established application ;
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
* of Post-Consumer Recycled Content in Application at Present:
Regional average - p_ %
Established Market Size:
Tons per year, Washington -
As % of available recovered feedstock - NA
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet \ of 1
Application: Qpacified Flat Glass
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book 1 YES
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Golozubov. O.A. and I.A. Belvaeva. 1988. Using cullet for the
production of opacified glass. Translated from Steklo i Keramikc
(December) .
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Opacified Flat Glass
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
Color Separation;
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Refer ence(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
_ Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
x Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Opacified Flat Glass .
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
*, Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(
cl
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical 1_
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity 1_
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability _
Stain Resistance
Stiffness _
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion 1_
Water Resistance _
Water Sensitivity
Workability __
Other:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Opacified Flat: Glass
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Performance equal to Soviet-made opacified flat glasses
made with vircrin materials.
Negative - Strength reduced in some chemical mixes.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative -
3afety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Conserves fuel. Preserves virgin materials.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
-ost and Performance Tradeoffs:
3erformance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Opacified Flat Glass
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
2. High value added __ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ __
Institutionally Feasible _ _ x
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk of low value-added end use of color sorted glass,
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - ,
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
JT Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/1/92
"1 -j
2 HZUZZ
3
Application
[Application: Roof Tiles
Description: Slumped glass tiles for roofing
Application's Product Grouping:
Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Slumped glass products
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
x Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
__ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
X Not in foreseeable future
-•
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Supply Area and Number of Plants;
x Region, few
__ Local, few
_ Local, many
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Roof Tiles
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
__ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
__ Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
x Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
^pplication: Roof Tiles
Performance Specifications
;ote: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
ihe property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Deadstock
_ Angularity
] Brittleness
\ Chemical Composition
" Consistency of Supply
Density
_ Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Dust Ratio
Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
. Grindability
Lubricity
Permeability
. Reflectivity
Sand Equivalent
. Specific Gravity
. Specific Heat
. Surface Texture
. Thermal Expansion
. Toughness
.Use Range in Batch
Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product Ref(s)
_ Abrasiveness
__ Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
_ Compactibility
_ Convenience
_ Density
__ Dimensioning
_ Durability, Chemical
x Durability, Mechanical
_ Expansion
_ Flammability
_ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
__ Lubricity
_ Moisture Content
__ Permeability
__ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
__ Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
x Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
x Thermal Expansion
x Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Roof Tiles
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Unknown.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Proposed production process utilizes waste vitrification
furnace for slumping glass in open molds. Process would
be highly tolerant of contaminants.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Mav not be best suited product to processing potential
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Roof Tiles
Assessment of Current Conditions
,stimation of Value Added:
High value added x Low value added
arket Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
~ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
x Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
.arket Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - Washington
'easibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ __ x
Institutionally Feasible _ _ x
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
otential/Risk of Further Development:
Product mav not be high enough value to take advantage of process
potential. Availability of excess furnace capacity.
'actors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments - Product development
Technical Barriers - Refining open mold slumping method
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Sintered Mosaic Tile
Description: Glass tile made bv compressing and heating glass powder
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction __ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
Market Conditions
x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
x Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
__ Region, few
x Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
"0*7.
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet 1 of
Application: Sintered Mosaic Tile
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
.Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
Source
Being
Developed?
Yes
References
1: Liu. Wanshena. Shuzhen Li. and Zhangying Zhang. 1991. Sintered
mosaic glass from ground waste glass. Glass Technology
(February).
2: Brown. I.W.M., and K.J.D. MacKenzie. 1982. Process design of a
ceramic-like body from recycled waste glass. Journal of Materials
Science.
3:
4:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Sintered Mosaic Tile
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation-
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 40
Lower Limit - 80
Reference (s) 1_
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Material washed with water - original level of contamination not.
stated in research.
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Sintered Mosaic Tile
Performance Specifications
3te: An Mx" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
•the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
~ Brittleness
Chemical Composition
~ Consistency of Supply
~ Density
Durability, Chemical
~ Durability, Mechanical
Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
I Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product Ref(s)
__ Abrasiveness
*, Absorptivity 1
__ Adhesiveness
_ Compactibility
_ Convenience
£ Density 1
_ Dimensioning
* Durability, Chemical 1
_ Durability, Mechanical
__ Expansion
__ Flammability
_ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
__ Moisture Content
_ Permeability
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
_ Resiliency
x Shrinkage i
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
__ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
x Strength i
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
_ Other:
1C2
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of J3
Application: Sintered Mosaic Tile
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Comparable to melted glass mosaic tiles.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Accepts coloring agent. Lovers production costs. Lover
capital investment than melting process.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Conserves fuel
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Sintered Mosaic Tile
Feedstock Recovery
cullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green Mixed
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 25 10
Tons recovered - 19000 9000 10500 4200
Usable in application? -
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 99 %
Application unit - 1000 -l"sa
Weight per application - 13.7#
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year -
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide -
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - Silica sand for ceramic tiles
Extent of preservation.-
°ther Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity -
Extent of application -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Sintered Mosaic Tile
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ __
Institutionally Feasible - _ _ x
Economically Feasible - x __ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Cottage industry venture. May be hard to differentiate from other,
products.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes - Green marketing
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation - _____
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
performance & Specifications Sheets
"~~ cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
"""" Resource Utilization Sheet
X" Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Synthetic Marble
Description: Marble imitation composite made of glass granules in
resin matrix
pplication's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
~ structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
?olor/Source:
x Flint Bottle
x Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finished (Tertiary Processing)
recessing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
. Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
x Long term (3-5 years)
- Not in foreseeable future
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - g %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet I of J
Application: Synthetic Marble
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification __
National Specification ^
Other State Specification ~
City/County Specification "
Technical Society Specification ~
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Company Literature 1
References
1: Masushita Electric Industry, Inc. 1991. Synthetic Twin
Outperforms Natural Marble.
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Synthetic Marble
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
Brittleness
Chemical Composition
Consistency of Supply
Density
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Dust Ratio
Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
__ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
* Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
* Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
_ Abrasiveness _
__ Absorptivity __
_ Adhesiveness __
_ Compactibility __
__ Convenience
_ Density _
_ Dimensioning _
x Durability, Chemical 1_
x Durability, Mechanical 1_
_ Expansion
__ Flammability
x Hardness l_
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
_ Moisture Content
_ Permeability
__ Porosity
_ Reflectivity _
_ Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability _
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
_ Strength
x Thermal Conductivity 1_
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Synthetic Marble
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Cheaper than natural marble. Improved wear and
weathering characteristics. Can mold shapes. Coloring
can be closely controlled.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - More control of end product consistency than with
natural marble.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects;
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs;
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Synthetic Marble
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
positive - Cheaper than natural marble. Improved wear and
weathering characteristics. Can mold shapes. Coloring
can be closely controlled.
Negative -
JEffects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - More control of end product consistency than with
natural marble.
Negative -
Jafety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects;
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
-ost and Performance Tradeoffs:
'erformance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Synthetic Marble
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
__ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
x Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - Japan
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Strong competition from other synthetic marbles
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Relative price
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes - Appearance and texture of product
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation - .
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
^ References
V performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
8/25/92
12/1/92
Application
Application: Terrazzo
Description: Exposed aggregate f>70%) flooring
Application's Product Grouping:
Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Industrial Flooring
Feedstock
Color/Source:
X Flint Bottle
X Amber Bottle
X Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5, years)
- Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
••»
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfsi - Sheet / of /
Application: Terrazzo
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification - _^
National Specification ^
Other State Specification *
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification £ Yes
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification 1
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab '
Government Report
Academic Article/Book 2
Trade Article/Book 3;4
Other (Specify)
References
1: National Terrazzo and Mosaic Association. Undated. Short form
specifications.
2: Samtur. Harold R. 1974. Glass Recycling and Reuse. Institute
forEnvironmental Studies. University of Wisconsin - Madison (p.
66).
3: Midwest Research Institute. 1972. Technical and Economic
Evaluation of Secondary Products Made from Waste Glass. Glass
Container Manufacturers Institute. Chapter IV. Terrazzo.
4: Scott. Pickett. 1973. Terrazzo and other glass products in
existing buildings. In Proceedings of Symposium on Utilization
of Waste Glass in Secondary Products. Albuquerque. New Mexico.
5: Construction Sciences Research Foundation. Construction .
Specification Institute (CSI). 1990. Spectext; Plastic Matrix
Terrazzo.
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Terraz20 __
Physical Specifications
,ote: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
lots: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
sre listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
A Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
A Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
\ Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
I Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 3/8"
Lower Limit - 1/8"
Reference (s) 4_
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
. Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
)ther Conditions Restricting Usage:
Different types of terra'zzo have different size requirements
Glass would recruire washing before mixing.
lit
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Terra220 ___
Performance Specifications
Note: An MxH to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
*, Chemical Composition
*. Consistency of Supply
__ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
x Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
_*
i
Abrasiveness 2_
Absorptivity _
Adhesiveness
Compactibility __
Convenience __
Density
Dimensioning _
Durability, Chemical _
Durability, Mechanical __
Expansion __
Flammability _
Hardness _
Light Transmittance _
Lubricity _
Moisture Content _
Permeability _
Porosity _
Reflectivity _
Resiliency _
Shrinkage _
Skid Resistance _
Specific Gravity __
Sphericity __
Stability _
Stain Resistance 2_
Stiffness _
Strength 2.
Thermal Conductivity __
Thermal Expansion _
Water Resistance __
Water Sensitivity __
Workability
Other:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Terrazzo
^m^m^m^m^^^mm^^^^^^^^m^m^^i^^m^^^mi^^*^^^^^m^^^m^m^B^m^^^^^m^^*^^m^m^^^mmm^*^*^^^^^*^^^m^*^^^~^^^*^^^—^^^*^^^*^*^*1^**^^**^*
^V^MVMW^M^M^M^MKVMMMMWM^M^MMMVMMaMMM^MOTMBM^MMMV^M^M^MMWWV^MMKMMIMMMMVCM^M^M^H^M^^WM^fc^VW^^B^V^^^M^B^W^M^V^WWW^M^^^W^W^Ma
Performance Assessment
^^^^^^^^^^W^V^V^V^V^V^V^V^H^V^V^V^V^V^K
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Enhanced flexural streqth. Modern epoxv resin matrix as
a replacement for cement addresses alkali-silica
reaction problems. Superior abrasion resistance.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Glass chips already used. No equipment modifications
necessary. Higher strength permits thinner set, light-
weighting, advantage in high rises.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive - Normal precautions for working with cement, epoxv. and
for grinding terrazzo.
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Preserves virgin marble sources.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Terrazzo
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) -
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint
As % of bottle cullet - 45
Tons recovered - 19000
Usable in application? - yes
Amount Recycled
72000 tons
Amber
20
9000
yes
Green
25
10500
yes
Mixed
10
4200
ves
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
60 %
Percentage -
Application unit - square ft
Weight per application -
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year - 3.300.000
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide -
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials -
Extent of preservation -
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity -
Extent of application -
117
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Terrazzo ________
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
Established regional use of cullet
"2 Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
~" identification of buyers in process)
Established market outside of region
2 Market development occurring outside of region
"2 Application is being tried without research/testing
"2 Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Glass chips already used
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible _ _ x
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Potential of high-value product with good consumer appeal. Glass
Pjerforms well. Small to no incentive for applicators
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - ___________
Technological Developments - Resin matrixes
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Producers control marketing
Consumer Tastes - Green marketing ^_^^__
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
jT Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
X Resource Utilization Sheet
X Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Vibratorv-Cast Wall Panels
Description: Bricks and Panels made of construction rubble and glass
produced by vibratory casting and firing
Application's Product Grouping:
__ Road & Public Works Construction
x Building Construction
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping,
and Recreational Products
Related Applications:
Furniture and Office Supplies
Industrial Uses
Packaging/Containers
Consumer Products
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
__ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
_ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year).
x Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet 1 of (
Application: Vibratory-Cast Wall Panels
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
7stional Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
irial Application Results - WA
irial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
•"overnment Report
Academic Article/Book 1;2
xrade Article/Book 3
Other (Specify)
References
1: Campbell. Howard and T.C. Shutt. 1973. Vibrocastino _
• glass-containing construction panels. In Symposium on Utilization
of Waste Glass in Secondary Products. Albuquerque. New Mexico.
°: Shutt. T.C.. H. Campbell, and J.H. Abrahams. Jr. 1972. New _
building materials containing waste glass. Ceramic Bulletin
Midwest Research Institute. 1972. Technical and Economic
Evaluation of Secondary Products Made from Waste Glass. Glass
Conatainer Manufacturers Institute. _
ASTM. 1980. Standard Methods of Conducting Strength Tests of
Panels for Building Construction. E 72
5:
6:
7:
129
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Vibratory-Cast Wall Panels
»^»WM»«M^»^»^»^»^*^MMMMMHMW^M
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
X Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
2 Crushed (Mechancially Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to %
% to %
.% to %
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic - *_
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - -100
Lower Limit -
Reference(s) 2:3
sieve
sieve
100 % passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Size restriction lii
ider. Above 13% glass can range
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Vibratory-Cast Wall Panels
Performance Specifications
*Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
~ Chemical Composition
Consistency of Supply
~ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
x Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity 1;2
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeab i1ity
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength i?2
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Vibratory-Cast Wall Panels
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - 2 to 3 times as strong as concrete blocks. Water
resistant compared to conventional facing panels. Can __
make complex shapes.
Negative - Organic contaminants weaken material. Requires finishing
for aesthtic reasons.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Decreases firing temperature & firing time. Requires
only standard production equipment.
Negative - Very high glass content causes sagging & bloating under
minor firing temperature swings. Labor intensive
installation.
Safety:
Positive -
Negative - Comparatively heavy.
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Diversion of construction rubble and cullet from waste
stream. Potential of recycling materials in situ.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
New synthetic marbles more attractive, stronger, lighter.
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Requires plant capital investment of S3 million in 1972 dollars,
•••^•••^^^^•^^•^^^^^••••^•^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^••^••^^^MM^M^^^^^^^^BBV^^^^MM^^^^^^^B^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^MMVVB^^^^^K^K^HIBB^^^BW^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^V^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BH^^^B^^^
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Vibratory-Cast Wall Panels
Feedstock Recovery
Cullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Cullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green Mixed
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 25 10
Tons recovered - 19000 9000' 10500 4200
Usable in application? -
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 30 %
Application unit - 10'x4'x4'
Weight per application - 570#
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year -
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 -
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - Natural aggregates (concrete). clay (bricks)
Extent of preservation - ;
3ther Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity -
Extent of application -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: .Vibratorv-Cast Wall Panels
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of'buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
x Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible _ _ x
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Competes with well-established conventional & newly emerging
recycled-content products. Location of plant is critical.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics — High installation costs
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers - Installation technology
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes - Aesthetics compared to conventional materials
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation - ,
-------
GLASS MARKETS INFORMATION SYSTEM
Concrete Applications
Controlled Density Fill
Glasscrete
Pozzolan
Shotcrete
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
"References
Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Controlled Density Fill
Description: Blend of cement, flvash. aggregate. & water, designed
as low strength, flowable fill.
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
- _ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
x Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
-£*x
JL*-
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Controlled Density Fill
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply-
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
.. Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Cullet milled to sand gradation.
128
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2
Application: Controlled Density Fill
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
_ Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
_ Compatibility
_ Convenience
x Density
_ Dimensioning
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Expansion
_ Fl amenability
_ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
_ Moisture Content
_ Permeability
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
i Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
x Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other:
Ref(S]
129
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Controlled Density Fill
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Unknown. High fly ash content may mitigate silica-alkali
reaction. High water-cement ratio improves strength
performance affected by silica-alkali reaction.
Negative - Unknown. Stonq possibility of adverse silica-alkali
reaction. Sugar residues on bottles retard concrete
setting. Exposure to moisture (likely for this
application) promotes alkali-silica reaction.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Unknown.
Negative - Unknown.
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Avoid dumping.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials
Fly ash regarded as essential CDF component.
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Controlled Density Fill
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x. Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ _ x
Institutionally Feasible x. _ _
Economically Feasible - __ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Potential of rapidly growing end product market. Risk of
preparation costs outweighing profit making.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Cost to suppress alkali-silica reaction
Technological Developments - Means of suppressing adverse reaction
Technical Barriers - _-
Industry Structure - __—
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
jfttachments:
X References
Y performance & Specifications Sheets
""" Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
""" Resource Utilization Sheet
T Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
application: Glasscrete
Description: Portland cement concrete containing glass aggregate.
application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
~ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Glasscrete furniture
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
>c Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier _ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
__ Established application
.. Short term (0-2 year)
.. Long term (3-5 years) .
£ Not in foreseeable future
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Supply Area and Number of Plants;
_ Region, few
__ Local, few
x Local, many
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA %
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(si - Sheet J of '
Application: Glasscrete
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification 1 No
National Specification "^
Other State Specification ~^
City/County Specification "
Technical Society Specification 4;7 No
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab __.
Government Report
Academic Article/Book 2,3.5.6.7 No
Trade Article/Book .
Other (Specify)
References
1: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991. Standard
Specifications for Road. Bridge, and Municipal Construction.
Section 9-03.1. ;
2: Johnston, C.D. 1974. Waste glass as coarse aggregate for
concrete. Journal of Testing and Evaluation (September).
3: Ramachandran, V.S. 1981. Waste and by-products as concrete
aggregates. Canadian Building Digest (April).
4: ASTM. 1990. Standard Specification for Load-Bearing Concrete
Masonry Units. C 90. .
5: Sterns, S. Russell. 1973. Glass aggregate in concrete. In
Proceedings of Symposium on Utilization of Waste Glass in
Secondary Products, Albucruercrue. New Mexico.
6: Phillips. J. Craig. 1973. Refuse glass aggregate in Portland ^
cement concrete. In Proceedings of Symposium on Utilization oL
Waste Glass in Secondary Products. Albuquerque. New Mexico.
7: Phillips. J.C.. et al. 1972. Refuse glass aggregate in portlancL
cement concrete. In Proceeding of the Third Mineral Waste ^
Utilization Symposium. ___
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
ications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
-plication: Glasscrete
Physical Specifications
ote: An HxM to the left of a property indicates that for this
pplication specifications for the property apply.
ote: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
be feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
Hdstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
m listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference (s) 7_
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 3/8"
Lower Limit - 200
Reference (s) 1_
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
3ther Conditions Restricting Usage:
Experts (Johnston. Sterns) draw opposite conclusions on performance
effects of aggregate size. Sizing used for masonry blocks in
Philip study was minus 1/2". As substitute for sand, maximum size
was minus 4 sieve.
134
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Glasscrete _ _
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
*, Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
x Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
4;7
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compatibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion 2r5
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content 4;7
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage 7
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Glasscrete
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - May be acceptable as non-structural concrete, e.g.,
concrete blocks
Negative - Silica-alkali reaction cause excessive expansion,
cracking - reducing concrete's strength. Sugar
contaminants slows curing. Unknown long term
performance.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Low alkali cement (less available) improves strength to
acceptable levels, as does addition of flv ash & other
mineral additives.
Negative - Must be in non-moisture conditions. Additives -co retard
alkali-silica reaction add cost.
Safety:
Positive -
Negative - Alkali-silica reaction can cause glass to explode from
concrete
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Better performance in asphalt pavements,
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Glasscrete
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ x _
Institutionally Feasible - _ _ _
Economically Feasible - _ x __
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk that performance concerns rule out application
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Cost of suppressing alkali-silica reaction
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers - Adverse alkali-silica reaction
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
/e or?
*
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
y References
7" performance & Specifications Sheets
~~~ cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
""" Resource Utilization Sheet
"7 Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Pozzolan
Description: Very fine siliceous aggregate used in concrete to
stabalize and strengthen it.
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction x Industrial Uses
~ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
.. Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
__ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
'sgional Immediacy:
. Established application
« Short term (0-2 year)
« Long term (3-5 years)
£ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA %
13S
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet I of /
Application: Pozzolan
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification ^
Other State Specification ^
City/County Specification J
Technical Society. Specification 3
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State .
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book 1.2
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Samtur. Harold R. 1974. Glass Recycling and Reuse. Institute
Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin - Madison (p.83).
2: Pattenaill. Maurice and T.C. Shutt. 1973. Use of around glass as
a pozzolan. In Proceedings of Symposium on Utilization of Waste.
Glass in Secondary Products, Albuquerque. New Mexico.
3: ASTM. 1991. Standard Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or
Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as Mineral Admixture in
Portland Cement Concrete. C 618. „
4: ___^______
5:
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Pozzolan
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation: Reference(s)
Percentage Range of Flint Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Amber Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Green Glass - % to %
x Condition: Reference(s)
_ Whole Bottles
Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
x Contamination: Reference(s)
Paper - % by weight Organic - % by weight
Metal - % by weight Other - % by weight
Plastic - % by weight Total - % by weight
x Size - Gradation: Reference(s) 1;3
Upper Limit - 200 sieve 100 % passing by weight
. Lower Limit - sieve % passing by weight
.Moisture Content: Reference (s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Fineness specification; -Amount retained on No. 325 screen not to
exceed 34*.
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of
Application: Pozzolan
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it
Chemical
Mechanical
Feedstock
__ Angularity
_ Brittleness
x Chemical Composition
x Consistency of Supply
_ Density
__ Durability,
_ Durability,
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
__ Fracture Properties
*. Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
__ Surface Texture
__ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
__ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(.
1?2;3
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density _
Dimensioning _
Durability, Chemical __
Durability, Mechanical _
Expansion _
Flammability _
Hardness _
Light Transmittance __
Lubricity _
Moisture Content 3_
Permeability —
Porosity _
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength 1;2
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
'S/H
j_-*.±A
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
glorifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
ipplication: Pozzolan
*•
•Ml
Performance Assessment
inished Product Performance:
Positive -
Negative - Does not meet ASTM specifications for pozzolanic
activity.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - Higher cost compared to conventional products
safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative - Substitutes for flv ash, an industrial waste currently
used. Crurushinq glass to fines is highly
energy-intensive.
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
Flvash r-ompotes verv successfully in this market.
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Pozzolan
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - •
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ _ x
Institutionally Feasible _ _ _
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Competes with flv ash at <$20 per ton.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Need to reduce costs of processing to compete
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
jaclunents:
References
performance & Specifications Sheets
cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Shotcrete
Bscription: Sprayed concrete
application's Product Grouping:
2 Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
~ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
" and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
_Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
recessing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier _ Finished Product
Manufacturer
-:=a=—=r^=—=;==—=———————————————————;=====—————————————:^_!--j..;==_-^_.
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
- Established application
« Short term (0-2 year)
£ Long term (3-5 years) •
- Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
__ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
144
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfsi - sheet * of /
Application: Shotcrete .
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: ASTM. 1989. Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
and Shotcrete. C 1116. _
2: ~~~~~~~~~~^IIZIZIIII^IIIIIIZII!IIZ~~~~
4:
5:
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Shotcrete
Physical Specifications
Note: An Mxw to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
.Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 3/4"
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
„ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets
Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Shotcrete
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Chemical
Mechanical
Feedstock
__ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
__ Density
_ Durability,
_ Durability,
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
__ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other;Slump
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Shotcrete
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - __
Negative - Alkali-silica reaction causes deterioration. Sugars slow
curing.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
c°st and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Shotcrete _
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ x _
Institutionally Feasible - _ _ __
Economically Feasible - _ x _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk that performance concerns rule out application.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Cost of suppressing alkali-silica reaction
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers - Adverse alkali-silica reaction
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
GLASS MARKETS INFORMATION SYSTEM
Construction Aggregate Applications
Primary Aggregate Applications:
Aggregate Base Course
Backfill/Clean Fill
Drainage Aggregate
Embankments
Landfill Cover
Utility Bedding and Backfill
Secondary Aggregate Applications:
Choker Grit
Drain Pipe Bedding and Backfill
French Drains
Lightweight Aggregate
Septic Fields
Underground Gas Storage Tank Replacement Fill
Specialty Aggregate Applications:
Beach Sand
Foam Glass Aggregate
Sand Traps, Golf Course
Underdrains
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X. References
y. Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Y. Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/31/91
1 4/3/92
2 12/1/92
3
Application
Application: Aggregate Base Course
Description: Unbound (no asphalt) laver of compacted aggregate on
which road surface is laid
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction __ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Road Subbase. Shoulders. Backfill
Feedstock
Color/Source:
Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - NA
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet I of 2.
Application: Aggregate Base Course
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
Source
Being
Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
1;2
3;7;ll
4
6
10
3:8
5
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
References
1: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991. Standard
Specifications for Road. Bridge, and Municipal
Construction.Sections 4-02. 4-04. 9-03.9. and 9-03.10.
2: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991/1992. Amended
Standard Specification: Recycled Glass (Mixed Waste Gullet)
Additive to Aggregates.
3: California. Department of Transportation. 1992. Special
Provisions for Aggregate Base and Aggregate Subbase.
4: ASTM. 1989. Standard Specification for Materials for
Soil-Aggregate Subbase. Base, and Surface Courses. D 1241.
5* Virginia. Department of Transportation. 1990. Feasibility of
Using Recycled Glass in Asphalt. (Page 17)
6: Minnesota. Department of Transportation. 1992. Information
Sheet: Glass 5 Instead of Class 5.
7: New Hampshire. Department of Transportation. 1992. Special
Provision - Aggregate Base courses.
LSB
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet Z. of 2,
Application: Aggregate Base Course
8: New Hampshire. Department of Transportation. 1992. Physical
Tests of Crushed Recycled Container Glass. _____
9: Army Corps of Engineers. Cold Regions Research and Evaluation
Laboratory. 1992. Draft Proposal; Determining the Frost
Susceptibility of Recycled Glass/Aggregate Mixtures.
10: Hong West & AssociatesT Inc. 1992. Design Technical Memoranda^
Mineral Aggregate Alternatives Analysis. Prepared for Citv of
Seattle. —
11: Joint Cooperative Committee of the Southern Ca Chap. Aroer Publj
Works Asso and Southern Ca Dist Asso. General Contractors of
America. 1988. standard Specs for Public Works Construction.
J.^ •
13
14:
.0*%
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Aggregate Base Course
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s) 1;2
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 2 1/2" sieve
Lower Limit - 200 sieve
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s) 1;2
100 % passing by weight
9 % passing by weight
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
other Conditions Restricting Usage:
WSDOT limits to 15% bv weight of total mix. Aggregate must be
"substan-Hallv" or "essentially free" of "extraneous materials".
Hot tn be> placed within 1 ft. of finished grade. Specifications
for gravel base considerably more stringent than above.
154
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Aggregate Base Course __
Performance Specifications
=25
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
Angularity
Brittleness
Chemical Composition
Consistency of Supply
Density
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Dust Ratio
Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
Grindability
Lubricity
Permeability
Reflectivity
Sand Equivalent
Specific Gravity
Specific Heat
Surface Texture
Thermal Expansion
Toughness
Use Range in Batch
Viscosity
Ref (s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
x
*
x
2;3
7; 10
10
4; 10
_ Abrasiveness
* Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
x Compatibility
_ Convenience
*. Density
_ Dimensioning _
_ Durability, Chemical _
x Durability, Mechanical 2? 3; 4, -8
_ Expansion _
__ Flammability _
_ Hardness _
_ Light Transmittance _
_ Lubricity _
x Moisture Content
_ Permeability
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
*. Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
__ Sphericity
x Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
x Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
x Workability
_ Other:
-------
JUUUUiiTEi TCflf iiAXC
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Aggregate Base Course _
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
positive - Could improve stability of base with large fines
content; upgrading aggregate class (6). Preliminary
indications of sufficient strength and durability at low
use f<25%) content levels.
Negative - Paper (organic) contaminants when degraded may act as
lubricant preventing aggregate interlock. Question
regarding mechanical degradation under load.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - _______^__
Negative - Change in % of glass content affects mix design,
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Avoid dumping. Preserve virgin aggregate supplies
Decrease in water used for aggregate mining.
Negative - Perceived risk of ground water contamination from
contaminants "landfilled" with cullet.
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Recfuires less processing than in glassphalt case. Embankments not
as sensitive to % change in glass content, but much smaller market.
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Aggregate Base Course
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 25
Tons recovered - 19000 9000 10500
Usable in application? - ves ves ves
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 15 %
Application unit - ton
Weight per application - 300 f
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year - 600.000
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide - 90.00t
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - 214 %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: 857 %
As % of available mixed cullet: 2143 %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - 125 %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - Gravel. Sand; water for processing virgin aggregates.
Extent of preservation - Small volume relative to market
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity - Industrial wastes
Extent of application -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Aggregate Base Course
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
x Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - New Hampshire
Locations of Developing Markets - Seattle. King County
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ __
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Potential of supplying to high volume market. Risk of processing
and transportation costs exceeding market value.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Price of virgin materials.
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers - Lack of performance data
Industry Structure - Asphalt producers lock on market
Consumer Tastes - .
Incentives to Market Growth - Procurement legislation
Regulation - Liability risk of "landfilling
-------
CLEM? WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
X. Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
JC Resource Utilization Sheet
yC. Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/31/91
1 4/3/92
2 12/1/92
3
Application
Application: Backfill/Clean Fill
Description: Aggregate used for filling holes made during
construction; free of clav. silt. & organic debris
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Embankments
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
_ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - NA
Size as % of available recovered feedstock -
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA %
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet 1 of 2-
Application: Backfill/Clean Fill
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification 1;2 Yes
National Specification
Other State Specification 4;7 Yes Draft
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification 3
company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA 6;8 Yes
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab 5 Yes
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991. Standard
Specifications for Road. Bridge, and Municipal Construction.
Sections 2-03. 2-09. 9-03.12(1).(2).and f41. 9-03.14. 9-03.17-19
2: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991/1992. Amended
Standard Specification; Recycled Glass (Mixed Waste Gullet)
Additive to Aggregates. _________
3: ASTM. 1989. Standard Specification for Materials for
Soil-Aggregate Subbase. Base, and Surface Courses.
4: Connecticut. Department of Transportation. 1991. Supplemental
Specifications. Sections 1.01 and 2.07. TDescribina the use of
waste glass as borrow material!.
5: Metro Testing Laboratories LTD. 1991. Glass Gullet Testing Ffor
Use as Trench Backfill Material!.
6: Citv of Seattle. 1992.-Materials Lab Test Results for Gullet.
7: Pennsylvania. Department of Transportation. 1992. Draft
Specification: Waste Glass as Embankment Material.
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference sheetrs) - Sheet i of 2-
Application: Backfill/Clean Fill . —
8: Hong West & Associates. Inc. 1992. Design Technical Memorandum^
Mineral Aggregate Alternatives Analysis. Prepared for City of
Seattle. '.
9: _
10:
11:
12
13:
14:
^.-~ .1-
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Backfill/Clean Fill .
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications"-
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
Re ference(s) 1;2;7
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 1 1/4" sieve
Lower Limit - 200 sieve
.. Moisture Content:
Reference(s) 1;2
100 % passing by weight
7.5 % passing by weight
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
WSDOT limits to 15 % bv weight of total mix. Covered bv WSDOT;
backfill for foundations, backfill for walls, trench backfill.
borrow, foundation material, and backfill for drains. NOTE
DIFFERENT LOADING CONDITIONS. PA restricts use as cover material.
163
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Backfill/Clean Fill
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
x
x
Feedstock
Angularity
Brittleness
Chemical Composition
Consistency of Supply
Density
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Dust Ratio
Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
Grindability
Lubricity
Permeability
Reflectivity
Sand Equivalent
Specific Gravity
Specific Heat
Surface Texture
Thermal Expansion
Toughness
Use Range in Batch
Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
x
*
3_
1
X
X
X
*
Abrasiveness _
Absorptivity 3_
Adhesiveness _
Compactibility 5.
Convenience _
Density 5.
Dimensioning _
Durability, Chemical __
Durability, Mechanical 3_
Expansion _
Flammability _
Hardness _
Light Transmittance __
Lubricity _
Moisture Content 3_
Permeability __
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability 5
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
_ Other:.
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet. 2 of 3
Application: Backfill/Clean Fill
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
" Brittleness
~ Chemical Composition
~ Consistency of Supply
~ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
x Durability, Mechanical
x Dust Ratio
Electrical Conductivity
x Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
Lubricity
* Permeability
_ Reflectivity
x Sand Equivalent
* Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
x Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
1.
r
__ Abrasiveness ^_
*. Absorptivity 3_
_ Adhesiveness _
x Compactibility 5.
_ Convenience _
x Density 5.
_ Dimensioning _
_ Durability, Chemical _
x Durability, Mechanical 3_
_ Expansion _
_ Flammability _
_ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance _
_ Lubricity
x Moisture Content 3_
*. Permeability
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity _
.* Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
x Stability 5_
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
_ Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
__ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity __
_ Workability __
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Backfill/Clean Fill
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber
As % of bottle cul'let - 45 20
Tons recovered - 19000
Usable in application? - ves
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 15 %
Application unit - ton
Weight per application - 300#
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year - 600.000
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide - 90.000
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - 210 %
As % of available flint cullet:
As % of available amber cullet:
As % of available green cullet:
As % of available mixed cullet:
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - 125 %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - sand. gravel
Extent of preservation - low relative to industry's volume
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity - recycled concrete
Extent of application -
-,.
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Backfill/Clean Fill
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
Established regional use of cullet
x Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
~ Market development occurring outside of region
~ Application is being tried without research/testing
" Application is being researched
Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - British Columbia
Locations of Developing Markets - Seattle, King County
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk of tighter restrictions and smaller volumes on road
construction projects than in private sector^
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments - Small-scale crushers
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - ..
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth - Procurement legislation
Regulation - Liability risk for landfilling
186
-------
GI.EMJ WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
•?< Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
X Resource Utilization Sheet
X Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Drainage Aggregate
Description: Aggregate fill used to quickly drain moisture out of
area and/or filter/treat non-point source waters.
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction __ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
x Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Farm Drain Aggregate; Leachate Filtering
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier __ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
x Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - loooo
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 20 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - 100 %
••f
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet I of I
Application: Drainage Aggregate
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
Reference
Number -
See Below
Source
Allows
Use?
Yes
Source
Being
Developed?
Yes
Yes
References
1: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991. Standard
Specifications for Road. Bridge, and Municipal Construction.
Sec. 9-03.13 m
2: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1992. Amended Standard
Specification; Recycled Glass (Mixed Waste Gullet) Additive to
Aggregate
3: Hong West & Associates. Inc. 1992. Design Technical Memorandum:
Mineral Aggregate Alternatives Analysis. Prepared for Citv of
Seattle.
- Seattle. Citv of; 1992. Performance Standards; Green Lake Storm
Water Project.
5:
6:
7:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Drainage Aggregate —.
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation: •
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
_ Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
x Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference (s) 1_
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 2 1/2" sieve
Lower Limit - 200 sieve
Moisture Content:
Re ference (s) I_
.00 % passing by weight
! % passing by weight
Reference(s) _
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
WSDOT specifies portion passing 1/4" sieve shall meet gradation
requirement of passing minus 10 sieve bv 50-100% (i).
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Drainage Aggregate
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
* Angularity
"_ Brittleness
" Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
" Density
Durability, Chemical
* Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
Lubricity
x Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness _
Absorptivity _
: Adhesiveness 4.
Compactibility _
Convenience _
: Density i.
Dimensioning _
Durability, Chemical _
Durability, Mechanical 3_
Expansion _
Flammability _
Hardness _
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability 3_
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability _
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability __
Other:
•
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Drainage Aggregate ,
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Permeability on order of conventional aggregates.
Capacity to remove solids, improve turbidity of waste
water, ecrual to or better than natural aggregates
because of particle angularity.
Negative - Permeability decreases when glass subject to repeated
loading f3). Unbeneficiated fucrushed) cullet breaks
down to readily. Contact with geomembrane may void
membrane warranty.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Possible to use 100% cullet mix where no loading occurs,
Not necessarv to crush in some uses.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive - Normal safety precautions recommended
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Physical configuration of cullet might aid in
oxygenating water.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications;
Does not reguire crushing.
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Drainage Aggregate
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green Mixed
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 25 10
Tons recovered - 19000 9000 10500 4200
Usable in application? - ves yes ves ves
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 15-100 %
Application unit - ton
Weight per application - 300-2000#
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year - 100,OOP
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide - 50.OOP
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - 119 %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: 1190 %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - 69 %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - sand. gravel
Extent of preservation - Small relative to industry's use
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity -
Extent of application -
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Drainage Aggregate
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
x Established regional use of cullet
x Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - Washington state
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x __ __
Institutionally Feasible - x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Potential of performance advantage in this application, low .
processing costs. __
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Ability/feasibility of keeping processing costs low _
Technological Developments - Documentation of positive performance
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - _____
Consumer Tastes - _
Incentives to Market Growth - Demonstration projects
Regulation - Percieved liability risk of landfillina contaminants,
173
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CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
s( References
V performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
^" Resource Utilization Sheet
T Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/31/91
1 4/3/92
2 12/1/92
3
Application
Application: Embankments
Description: Built up mounds of aggregate used to hold back water or
support a road
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Backfill under stationary loads
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
- Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants;
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - NA
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
« -
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfsi - Sheet of—
Application: Embankments
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification 1?5 Yes
National Specification
Other State Specification 3;6 Yes
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification 2 No
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab _ '_
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991. Standard
Specifications for Road. Bridge, and Municipal Construction.
Sections 2-03.3(14) and 9-03.14.
2: ASTM. 1988. Standard Practice for Use of Inorganic Process Wastes
as Structural Fill.
3: Connecticut. Department of Transportation. 1991. Supplemental ~~L
Specifications. Sections 1.01 and 2.02. fDescribing the use of __
waste glass in embankments!.
4: Virginia. Department of Transportation. 1990. Feasibility of
Using Recycled Glass in Asphalt. (Page 17)
5: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991/1992. Amended I
Standard Specification; Recycled Glass (Mixed Waste Gullet) _
Additive to Aggregates.
6: Pennsylvania. Department of Transportation. 1992. Specifications
Waste GLass as Embankment Material. _
7:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Embankments .
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
Re ference(s) 1;3;6
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 1 1/4" sieve
Lower Limit - 200 sieve
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
100 % passing by weight
7 % passing by weight
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Limited to 15 % bv weight of total mix in Washington. Pennsylvania
experimental standard allows 100% cullet content; not permitted as
top layer.
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Embankments . .
Performance Specifications
Note: An »x» to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
x Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability.- Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
*. Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
£ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
x Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
IT?
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Embankments .
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive -
Negative - Performance dependent on loading conditions.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Mix design not sensitive to changes in percentage of
glass content. . ^^___
Negative -
Safety: •
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Avoid dumping. Preserve virgin aggregate supplies.
Decrease in water used for aggregate mining.
Negative - Perceived risk of landfillinq contaminants with cullet.
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Consistency of supply not as critical as in road courses; changing
% of glass in embankments not critical in mix design.
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Not routine application' for citv/countv road departments - location
of use may be remote. •
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Embankments _____ —
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green Mixed
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 25 10
Tons recovered - 19000 9000 10500 4200
Usable in application? - ves ves ves ves
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 15 %
Application unit - ton
Weight per application - 300
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year - 350.000
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide - 52.500
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - 125 %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - 73 %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - sand, gravel, rock
Extent of preservation - small relative to industry's usage
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity - displaced soil and earth from construction
Extent of application -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Embankments .
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
x Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
x Established market outside of region
Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Pennsylvania. Conneticut
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Potential of low processing costs to meet specifications but
volume imported for this use is small. Sites are remote.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Low processing costs
Technological Developments - ,_
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation - Perceived risk of landfillincr contaminants
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CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
>^ References
X Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
K Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Landfill Cover
Description: Soil used to cover closed landfills
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction __ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
x Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
x Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier _ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
x Local, few
__ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet of
Application: Landfill Cover
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
city/County Specification 1 Yes
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA 2
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: King County Solid Waste Division. 1992. Memo, re: Daily Cover
Specifications.
2: Hong West & Associates, Inc. 1992. Design Technical Memorandum;
Mineral Aggregate Alternatives Analysis. Prepared for City of
Seattle.
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Landfill Cover .
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 3_
Reference(s)
Lower Limit - 200
sieve
sieve
100 % passing by weight
10 % passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
While gradation permits 3" and under, in practice glass should be.
crushed for safe handling. _
±33
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Landfill Cover .
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
Brittleness
" Chemical Composition
_ consistency of Supply
~ Density
~ Durability, Chemical
* Durability, Mechanical
~ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
x Permeability
_ Reflectivity
x Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref (s)
2_
r
_ Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
_ Compactibility
_ Convenience
_ Density
_ Dimensioning
_ Durability, Chemical
*, Durability, Mechanical 2
__ Expansion
_ Flammability
_ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
_ Moisture Content
x Permeability 2
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
_ Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
_ Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other;Wetting Ability
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of
Application: Landfill Cover
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Good compactibilitv. Contaminants such as plastic and
metal caps may be acceptable.
Negative - Glass may "flow" from side of piles.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Low processing costs - low cost crushers available.
Negative - Glass must be crushed to reduce sharp edges
Safety:
Positive -
Negative - Sharp edges of manually broken cullet
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Low processing costs compared to most other aggregate applications,
as some contaminants are acceptable ___
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Landfill Cover
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
Established regional use of cullet
x Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - King County
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Potential of high volume market & low processing costs. Risk of
remote fills & closing of fills using cover technology.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Existence of landfill using cover material
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Public works controlled
Consumer Tastes - •
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation - Use may be restricted dependent on contaminants
18S
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CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
X Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
X Resource Utilization Sheet
>C Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/31/91
1 4/3/92
2 12/1/92
3
Application
Application: Utility Bedding and Backfill
Description: Aggregate used for filling cavity around underground
utility lines (pipe, conduit, fiber optic cable)
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Drain Pipe Bedding and Backfill
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
_ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - Nl
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
-S..VJ
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet I of I
Application: Utility Bedding and Backfill
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification 1;2 Yes
National Specification
Other State Specification 4 Yes
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other 6 Yes
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State 3 Yes
Lab Test Results - Private Lab 5 Yes
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991. Standard
Specifications for Road. Bridge, and Municipal Construction.
Sections 9-03.12(3). 9-03.15. and 9-03.16.
2: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991/1992. Amended
Standard Specification: Recycled Glass (Mixed Waste Gullet)
Additive to Aggregates.
3: Pennsylvania. Department of Transportation. 1991. Memorandum;
Waste Glass as Pipe Backfill and Pipe Bedding Material.
4: Pennsylvania. Department of Transportation. 1992. Draft
Specification: Waste Glass as Pipe Backfill.
5: Metro Testing Laboratories LTD. 11991. Glass Gullet Testing rfor
Use as Trench Backfill Material!.
6: B.C. Hydro. 1992. Trial Installation; Comments and
Recommendations.
7: Veith and Guenther. British Columbia Institute of Technology.
1992. The Use of Green Gullet in Electrical Trenches. Prepared
for ETL. '
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION PJECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of
Application: Utility Bedding and Backfill _
Physical specifications
MHMMMMwSSSZ^MMMW^M^M^MV^^B*^***^^**^^**^^*^**
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass - % to
Percentage Range of Amber Glass - % to
Percentage Range of Green Glass - % to
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference (s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic - 0_
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 3/4"
Lower Limit - 200
Reference(s) 1;2;4
sieve
sieve
100 % passing by weight
0-3 % passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
This application does not cover bedding and backfill for pipes JJL
drainage applications - see drain pipe bedding. WA use content
limited to 15%; PA & BC allow 100%. Requires cover of natural^
aggregate. Not allowed under roads. .
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Utility Bedding and Backfill
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
Brittleness
~ Chemical Composition
~ Consistency of Supply
" Density
~_ Durability, Chemical
~ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
* Permeability
_ Reflectivity
x Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_Toughness
x Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
2;4
Abrasiveness _
Absorptivity _
Adhesiveness _
Compatibility 4_
Convenience _
Density _
Dimensioning _
Durability, Chemical _
Durability, Mechanical _
Expansion _
Flammability _
Hardness _
Light Transmittance _
Lubricity _
Moisture Content _
Permeability 7.
Porosity __
Reflectivity _
Resiliency __
Shrinkage _
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability 4_
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity 5_
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity _
Workability _
Other:
130
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 ofji
Application: Utility Bedding and Backfill
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Alerts diggers to location of utility lines (warning_
marker) . ___ __
Negative - Ability of cullet to dissipate heat adequately for high]
temperature conditu lines unknown.
Effects on Making the-Finished Product:
Positive - Workability similar to sand. Easier to work with than
sand under wet conditions.
Negative - Material might migrate from trench - requires berms.
Safety:
Positive - Normal handling precautions recommended. Dust classified
as "nuisance dust".
Negative - Dust can cause skin irritability.
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Avoid dumping. Preserve virgin aggregate supplies. __
Decrease in water used for aggregate mining.
Negative - Perceived risk of "landfillino" contaminants with
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials;
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Utility Bedding and Backfill
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green Mixed
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 25 10
Tons recovered - 19000 9000' 10500 4200
Usable in application? -
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 80 %
Application unit - ton
Weight per application - 1600
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year - 400.000
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide - 320.OOP
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - 760 %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - 444 %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - sand, gravel
Extent of preservation -
°ther Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity -
Extent of application -
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Utility Bedding and Backfill —
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
x Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - Seattle
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible - x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Local use favors economics; potential of low processing cots using
100% cullet.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Local markets
Technological Developments - Low maintenance small-scale crushers,
Technical Barriers - Lack of performance data
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth - Procurement regulations .
Regulation - Liability risk of "landfillina" contaminants -
-------
GLASS MARKETS INFORMATION SYSTEM
Construction Aggregate Applications
Primary Aggregate Applications:
Aggregate Base Course
Backfill/Clean Fill
Drainage Aggregate
Embankments
Landfill Cover
Utility Bedding and Backfill
Secondary Aggregate Applications:
Choker Grit
Drain Pipe Bedding and Backfill
French Drains
Lightweight Aggregate
Septic Fields
Underground Gas Storage Tank Replacement Fill
Specialty Aggregate Applications:
Beach Sand
Foam Glass Aggregate
Sand Traps, Golf Course
Underdrains
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
yC Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision
0
1
2
3
4/3/92
12/1/92
Application
Application: Beach Sand
Description: Ground glass used for beach stabalization.
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction __ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
__ Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
x Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
__ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
-5 or*
-!!_••->«. 9
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet 1 of
Application: Beach Sand
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: County of San Diego. 1991. Commercial and Industrial Recycling
Grants: Recycling Glass for Use as Beach Sand.
2: "
3: _'
4: ~
5: 7
6: ~_
1: " '
13S
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Beach Sand
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply-
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications"-
_ Color Separation:.
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 1/4"
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Beach Sand
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
~ Brittleness
2 Chemical Composition
~ Consistency of Supply
x Density
~ Durability, Chemical
x Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
x Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
1 Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product Ref(s)
_ Abrasiveness _
_ Absorptivity _
_ Adhesiveness _
_ Compactibility _
_ Convenience _
_ Density _
x Dimensioning _ 1
_ Durability, Chemical _
_ Durability, Mechanical _
_ Expansion _
_ Flammability _
_ Hardness _
_ Light Transmittance _
_ Lubricity _
_ Moisture Content _
_ Permeability _
_ Porosity _
_ Reflectivity _
_ Resiliency _
_ Shrinkage _
_ Skid Resistance _
_ Specific Gravity _
_ Sphericity _
_ Stability _
_ Stain Resistance _
_ Stiffness _
_ Strength _
_ Thermal Conductivity _
_ Thermal Expansion _
_ Water Resistance _
_ Water Sensitivity _
_ Workability _
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of
Application: Beach Sand
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Unknown. Glass is sliahtlv denser than sand - may helg_
with erosion control. __
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative - Glass can cause skin irritability
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Could substitute for natural sand in replenishing
eroding shorelines.
Negative - Concern about noise from processing
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials;
-son
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Beach Sand
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
~ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
x Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - ;
Locations of Developing Markets - San Diego County, CA
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible - x _ _
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk that problem of beach erosion in Northwest not severe enough
to warrant development costs.
factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Availability of low-cost, high-volume crushing equip.
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Acceptance by public works officials
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD .
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
y. References
X Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Application
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application: Foam Glass Aggregate
Description: Pellets made from foam glass, used as lightweight
aggregate.
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products __ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Foam glass
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
__ Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
x Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
__ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet 1 of I
Application: Foam Glass Aggregate
Available Information Sources
Source (s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/ Book
Other (Specify) _
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
Source
Being
Developed?
1 ; 2 ; 6
References
1: Oakseson, W.G. . et al. 1977. Foam Glass Insulation from Waste
Glass.
2: Marchant, B.D. and I.E. Cutler. 1973. Foamed glass insulation
from waste glass. In Proceedings of Symposium on the Utilization
of Waste Glass in Secondary Products. Albuquerque . New Mexico.
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Foam Glass Aggregate _
»^V^M^««M^W«iMWB«MVM^MM
Physical Specifications
' — SSSS— gam *''""• • niiTi»«•
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechancially Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Refer ence(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 325
Lower Limit -
Reference (s) 2.
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
ushed to 1 — 20 microi
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Foam Glass Aggregate
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
" Brittleness
3 Chemical Composition
~ Consistency of Supply
x Density
~_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product Ref(s)
_ Abrasiveness _
_ Absorptivity _
_. Adhesiveness _
_ Compatibility _
_ Convenience _
x Density _ 1
__ Dimensioning _
_ Durability, Chemical _
_ Durability, Mechanical _
__ Expansion _
_ Flammability _
_ Hardness _
__ Light Transmittance _
_ Lubricity _
_ Moisture Content _
_ Permeability _
_ Porosity _
_ Reflectivity _
__ Resiliency _
_ Shrinkage _
__ Skid Resistance _
_ Specific Gravity _
_ Sphericity _
_ Stability _
_ Stain Resistance _
_ Stiffness _
x Strength _ 1
_ Thermal Conductivity _
_ Thermal Expansion _
_ Water Resistance _
_ Water Sensitivity _
_ Workability _
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3
Application: Foam Glass Aggregate .
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Used as soil amendment distributes moisture. Can be
as loosefill insulation. As concrete aggregate can
reduce weight of concrete product.
Negative - As substitute for concrete aggregate will exhibit
alkali-silica reaction, leading to concrete failure.
Densitv of concrete outside of specifications.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Increased labor productivity from lightweighting
concrete
Negative - Costs greater than $60/ton
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects;
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with other Recyclable Materials:
Clinker from Centralia Plant being used as lightweight
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1. of 1
Application: Foam Glass Aggregate
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
Established regional use of cullet
~ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
Established market outside of region
~ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ __ x
Institutionally Feasible _ _ x
Economically Feasible - _ x _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
£osts are prohibitive - considerable price differential with
virgin materials. Lightweicrhting by other means common.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Small market for lightweight aggregate
Technological Developments - Fix for silica-alkali reaction
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - .
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
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CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
K Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/1/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Sand Traps. Golf Course
Description: Depressions filled with sand on golf courses
Application's Product Grouping:
__ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
x Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier _ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
__ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - 0
2C7
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Sand Traps. Golf Course
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination;
Paper -
Metal -
Reference(s)
Plastic - 0
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 16
Lower Limit - 60
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specification-s and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2
Application: Sand Traps. Golf Course
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
± Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Sand Traps. Golf Course
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive -
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product;
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative - Dust can cause skin irritation - itching.
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-TS3-
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market- Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Sand Traps, Golf Course ;
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of. buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
x Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - British Columbia
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk that safety problem of glass causing skin irritability rules,
out application
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
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CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
y References
Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
"~~ Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Underdrains
Description: Underground water collection system using cullet
wrapped in qeotextile as water conduit
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: French drains
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
- Long term (3-5 years)
- Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
__ Region, few
x Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA %
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs^ - Sheet 1 of I
.Application: Underdrains
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification 1 No
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State 2 Yes
Lab Test Results - Private Lab .
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book 5 Yes
Other (Specify) Consultant Eval 3 Yes
References
1: Washington. Department of Transportation* 1991. Standard
Specifications for Road. Bridge, and Municipal Construction. .
Sects. 7-01 and 9-05.2
2: Materials Testing Consultants. Inc. 1989. Letter, re; Report of^
Testing Crushed Glass Drain System. .
3: Bureau & Associates. 1989. Letter, re; Environmental Impact
Review. Crushed Glass Drain System. __
4: Glass Aggregate Corporation. 1991 and 1990. Product Descriptions.
and Licensing Information. _ .
5: Glenn, Jim. 1990. New markets for glass aggregate. Biocvcle
(Oct.).
6: Environmental Technology. E.T.L. 1992. Information Package on __
Red-Pac Underdrain Products. _
7:
sio
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Underdrains
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications"-
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechancially Sized)
Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Reference(s)
>1
Plastic - >l
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 1 1/2" sieve
Lower Limit - 8 sieve
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Washington State DOT specifications are materials descriptions, not
Egrfprmance based. .
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of
Application: Underdrains ___
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
__ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
x Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
*. Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Underdrains
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
positive - Flow rates equal to conventional perforated pipe.
Stronger than plastic pipe. Suitable for variety of
uses.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Does not require fittings - ease of installation.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive - Easy to install and remove
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Soil erosion units are reusable. Debris and animal
problems reduced. Improves water quality by oxygenating
transmitted water.
Negative - Improves water quality
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
c°st and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Underdrains
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
x Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Michigan; British Columbia
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Need licensee in Washington. Economic attractiveness dependent on.
production productivity. __
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments - Production equipment development
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Need licensees
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth - Procurement policy
Regulation -
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GLASS MARKETS INFORMATION SYSTEM
Construction Aggregate Applications
Primary Aggregate Applications:
Aggregate Base Course
Backfill/Clean Fill
Drainage Aggregate
Embankments
Landfill Cover
Utility Bedding and Backfill
Secondary Aggregate Applications:
Choker Grit
Drain Pipe Bedding and Backfill
French Drains
Lightweight Aggregate
Septic Fields
Underground Gas Storage Tank Replacement Fill
Specialty Aggregate Applications:
Beach Sand
Foam Glass Aggregate
Sand Traps, Golf Course
Underdrains
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CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
X, Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/1/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Choker Grit
Description: Underlayment of quick draining soil for golf course
turfgrass
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction __ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
x Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Drainage Aggregate
Feedstock
Color/Source:
Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Market Conditions
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - _ 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
o %
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet of
Application: Choker Grit
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
company Specification •__
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State 1 Yes
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Diagnostics & Design. 1992. Choker Distribution Analysis
2: "
3: ' ~
4: 7
5: ^
6: ~'
7: ~~~
£20
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of _3
i
Application: Choker Grit
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 10-18 sieve
Lower Limit - sieve
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Choker Grit
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
~_ Brittleness
_ chemical Composition
_ consistency of Supply
~ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
i Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Ref(s)
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
*>*>•>
f-ver^if
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3
Application: Choker Grit ;
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Permeability of finely crushed cullet equal to or better
than sand. Mix with natural aggregate could enhance
durability. ___
Negative - Durability of cullet under transient loading unknown -^
degradation could lead to turf settlement and pooling_gf
water.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Choker Grit _
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
Established regional use of cullet
~ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
Established market outside of region
x Market development occurring outside of region
Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - British Columbia
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Cost of establishing market relations may exceed return on
competitively priced material.
factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Low cost processing options
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes - ^
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation - Perceived risk of landfillinq contaminants
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X. References
X Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
IT Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Drain Pipe Bedding and Backfill
Description: Aggregate fill under, around, and on top of perforated
drain pipe carrying ground water
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction
x Building Construction
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping,
and Recreational Products
Related Applications: Underdrains
Furniture and Office Supplies
Industrial Uses
Packaging/Containers
Consumer Products
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
__ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: __ Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
__ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet I of 1
Application: Drain Pipe Bedding and Backfill
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
1;2 Yes
Source
Being
Developed?
Np_
Yes
Yes
References
1: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991. Standard
Specifications for Road. Bridge, and Municipal Construction.
Sects. 9-03.12(4).
2: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1992. Amended Standard
Specification! Recycled Glass (Mixed Waste Gullet) Additive to
Aggregate.
3: City of Seattle. Department of Engineering. 1989. Standard
Specifications. Section 9-03.16, Mineral Aggregate Chart.
'• National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors.
1992. National Standard Plumbing Code. Chapter 13. Storm Drains.
5:
6:
7:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment: Sheets - Sheet: 1 of
Application: Drain Pipe Bedding and Backfill _ _
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 3/4"
Lower Limit - 200
Reference(s) 1;4
sieve
sieve
100 % passing by weight
0-2 % passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
City, county specifications govern (modelled on WSDOT specs). Must
obtain side sewer (footing drain) permit for private property
development WSDOT spec limits to 15% use content.
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Drain Pipe Bedding and Backfill
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
~ Brittleness
~_ chemical Composition
~ Consistency of Supply
x Density
~ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
x Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
x Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product Ref(s)
_ Abrasiveness _
_ Absorptivity _
_ Adhesiveness _
_ Compact ibility _
_ Convenience _
x Density _
_ Dimensioning _
_ Durability, Chemical _
_ Durability, Mechanical _
_ Expansion _
_ Flammability _
_ Hardness _
_ Light Transmittance _
_ Lubricity _
_ Moisture Content _
*. Permeability _
_ Porosity _
_ Reflectivity _
_ Resiliency _
_ Shrinkage _
_ Skid Resistance _
_ Specific Gravity _
__ Sphericity _
_ Stability _
_ Stain Resistance _
_ Stiffness _
_ Strength _
__ Thermal Conductivity _
__ Thermal Expansion _
__ Water Resistance _
__ Water Sensitivity _
_ Workability _
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3
Application: Drain Pipe Bedding and Backfill __
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Permeability of crushed glass equal to or better than
traditional 50/50 mix of pea gravel and sand. Compact^
to reouired density.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive - Normal handling precautions
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative - Perceived risk of "landfillin" contaminants,
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Requires individual jurisdiction specification revision in
construction applications; small quantities in road construction
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Drain Pipe Bedding and Backfill __
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
x Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
~ Application is being researched
Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - Washington state. Seattle
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ __
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Potential of performance advantage. Risk of small public sector
market.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Ability/feasibility of keeping processing costs low
Technological Developments - Positive test results
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes - : •
Incentives to Market Growth - Demonstration projects
Regulation - Risk of "landfillina" contaminants
230
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GLEAM WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
X Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
X Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: French Drains
Description: Trench filled with aggregate and covered with earth
that acts as underground water conduit
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction __ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Underdrains. Drain Pipe Bedding
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
__ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
__ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - 0
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
£31
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: French Drains
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification l;2
National Specification
Other State Specification 3 Yes
city/County Specification 4
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification •___
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Consultant
References
-—— —————.—.^—. - - .,.. — —...
1: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991. Standard
Specifications for Road. Bridge, and Municipal Construction.
Sect. 6-02.2(221. 9-03.12(4)
2: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1992. Amended Standard
Specification; Recycled Glass (Mixed Waste Gullet) Additive to
Aggregate.
3: National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors.
1992. National Standard Plumbing Code. Chapter 13. Storm Drains.
4: Citv of Seattle. Department of Engineering. 1989. Standard
Specifications. Section 9-03.16, Mineral Aggregate Chart.
5:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: French Drains
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
i-
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 3/4"
Lower Limit - 200
Reference(s) 1;4
sieve
sieve
100 % passing by weight
0-2 % passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Citv. county specifications govern (modelled on WSDOT specs) - must
obtain side sewer (footing drain) permit for private property —.
development. WSDOT spec limits to 15% use. , —
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: French Drains
Performance Specifications
,ote: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
Application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
;_ Angularity
]~ Brittleness
!~ Chemical Composition
~ Consistency of Supply
x Density
~ Durability, Chemical
;_ Durability, Mechanical
~ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
'_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
x Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
x Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product Ref(s)
_ Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
_ Compactibility
_ Convenience
x Density
_ Dimensioning
_ Durability- Chemical
_ Durability.- Mechanical
_ Expansion
_ Flammability
__ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
_ Moisture Content
*. Permeability
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
_ Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance '
_ Stiffness
_ Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3
Application: French Drains
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Permeability of crushed glass equal to or better than
traditional 50/50 mix of pea gravel and sand. Compact^
to required density.
Negative - Permeability decreases under repeated loading. ~"
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive - Use normal safety precautions when handling materials.
Use gloves - no excessive skin contact hazard.
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - .
Negative - Unknown if leachate from labels presents problem.
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
May perform as well as perforated pipe with glass bedding and
backfill and uses more cullet.
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: French Drains
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
3 Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
x Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - New Jersey
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Requires revising individual city and county specifications on a
case bv case basis
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Fragmented residential construction industry
Consumer Tastes - : ;
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation - Perceived risk of "landfillina" contaminants
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments :
X References
Y Performance & Specifications Sheets
_ Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Application
Application: Lightweight Aggregate
Description: Low density aggregate of glass, clay or other minerals^
often used for lightweighting concrete.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Glasscrete, Foam glass aggregate.
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
x Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet 1 of \
Application: Lightweight Aggregate
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification 3;4;5 No
Company Specification '_
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book 1;2;6
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Liles. K.J. 1976. Lightweight structural concrete aggregate from
municipal waste glass. Proceedings of the Fifth Mineral Waste
Utilization Symposium.
2: Shotts. Reynold Q. 1972. Waste glass as an ingredient of
lightweight aggregate. In Proceedings of the Third Mineral Waste
Utilization Symposium.
3: ASTM. 1989. Standard Specification for Lightweight Concrete for
Concrete Masonry Units. C331.
4: ASTM. 1989. Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
Structural Concrete. C3 3 0.
5: ASTM. 1987. Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates
for Insulating Concrete. C332, ______________
6: Benfrow. O.s. "Building Materials from Solid Wastes". Noves Data
Corp. 1979. PP. 216-221.
7:
233
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of
Application: Lightweight Aggregate
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation: Reference(s)
Percentage Range of Flint Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Amber Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Green Glass - % to %
x Condition: Reference(s)
_ Whole Bottles
__ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
x Contamination: Reference(s) 3;4
Paper - % by weight Organic - * % by weight
Metal - % by weight Other - % by weight
Plastic - % by weight Total - % by weight
x Size - Gradation: Reference(s)
Upper Limit - 200 sieve 95 % passing by weight
Lower Limit - sieve % passing by weight
_ Moisture Content: Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Lightweight Aggregate
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
'__ Angularity
~ Brittleness
x Chemical Composition
~ Consistency of Supply
~ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
3;4
Ref(s) | Finished Product Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density 1;3;4
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
3;4
x Durability, Mechanical 3 j4
x Expansion
_ Flammability
_ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
_ Moisture Content
_ Permeability
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
_ Resiliency
x Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
x Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
x Strength
x Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other:
3j4
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3
Application: Lightweight Aggregate
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - As a concrete aggregate, experiments showed expansion^
due to alkali-silica reaction in short term under ASTM
limits.
Negative - As a concrete aggregate, alkali-silica reaction can be_
slowed but not eliminated - long term performance
unknown. Glass cullet. as-is, may be too dense to use
as lightweight aggregate.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - Need to fine ground glass & pellitize. Process is
energy-intensive. Shale expansion process gave low
product recovery (59 %)
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Preserves virgin lightweight aggregate. One process
combines mining wastes (shales) with glass to form
aggregate.
Negative - Energy-intensive process
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
replication: Lightweight Aggregate _____
Assessment of Current Conditions
stimation of Value Added:
High value added x Low value added
warket Development Stage:
Established regional use of cullet
" Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
"" identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
~ Market development occurring outside of region
" Application is being tried without research/testing
~ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ _ x
Institutionally Feasible _ _ _
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk is poor returns on technical development of low value-added
I Product
factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Cost of grinding glass prohibitive
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers - Alkali-silica reaction problem
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes - NA
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X. References
X Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Septic Fields
Description: Bed of coarse aggregate containing distribution pipes
seeping septic tank effluent into surrounding soil.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction __ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Drainage aggregate
Feedstock
Color/Source:
Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - 0
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet 1 of i
Application: Septic Fields
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification 1 ?
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
1991. Uniform Plumbing Code. Appendix I.
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of
Application: Septic Fields __
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
__ Color Separation: Ref erence (s)
Percentage Range of Flint Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Amber Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Green Glass - % to %
x Condition: Reference(s)
_ Whole Bottles
x Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
__ Contamination: Reference(s)
Paper - % by weight Organic - % by weight
Metal - % by weight Other - % by weight
Plastic - % by weight Total - % by weight
x Size - Gradation: Reference(s) 1
Upper Limit - 2 1/2" sieve % passing by weight
Lower Limit - 3/4" sieve % passing by weight
Moisture Content: Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Septic Fields
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
"_ Brittleness
~ Chemical Composition
~ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
~ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
* Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
* Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
_ Abrasiveness
x Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
__ Compact ibility
_ Convenience
_ Density
_ Dimensioning
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Expansion
__ Flammability
__ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
_ Moisture Content
x Permeability
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
_ Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
__ Stiffness
_ Strength
__ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other:
Ref(s)
246
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3
Application: Septic Fields
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - High absorption capacity. May improve water quality
compared to conventional aggregate systems because of
particle angularity. Fields not usually subject to
transient loading.
Negative - May have to many fines.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Low handling costs; crushing not recruired,
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Increases oxvaenation of transmitted water when compared
to conventional drainage systems.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials;
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Septic Fields
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
2 Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
"" identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x __ _
Economically Feasible - x __ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Potential of rural, local market for minimally processed cullet,
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - .
Technological Developments - Verification of performance potential
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - _____ .
Consumer Tastes - .
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation - May need local permits _______
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
X Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
X Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Underground Gas Storage Tank Replacement Backfill
Description: Replacement aggregate for removed or replaced
underground storage gas tanks
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
x Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Fill for Mine & Quarry Reclamation; Clean Fill
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
__ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier _ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
__ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - 0_
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA %
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet I of I
Application: Underground Gas Storage Tank Replacement Backfill
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
'ational Specification
other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Application Results - WA
Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
1.3.4
References
1." U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1991. Underground Storage Tank
Management. Section 3.2.
2: ASTM. 1969. Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes.
3: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1989. Guide Specification for
Military Construction. Section 02210. Grading (Earthwork).
: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1987. Guide Specification:
Excavation. Trenching^ and Backfilling Utility Systems.
5:
7:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of _a
Application: Underground Gas Storage Tank Replacement
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications"-
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference (s) .3.
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 3/4"
Lower Limit - 1/8"
Reference (s) 1_
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Underground Gas Storage Tank Replacement
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
~ Brittleness
" Chemical Composition
~ Consistency of Supply
~ Density
~ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
x Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
IGrindability
_ Lubricity
Permeability
I Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
_ Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
x Compactibility
_ Convenience
x Density
_ Dimensioning
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Expansion
_ Flammability
_ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
_ Moisture Content
_ Permeability
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
£ Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
_ Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other:
Ref(s)
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3
Application: Underground Gas Storage Tank Replacement
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - May protect fiberglass tanks from electrolytic reacting
Negative - Gullet may be too heavy in fines content. Gullet may he
subject to repeated loading causing degradation and IDS;
of permeability.
Effects on Making the- Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - May need to screen fines out.
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Underground Gas Storage Tank Replacement Backfill
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
Established regional use of cullet
"Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
~ identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
~ Market development occurring outside of region
~ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - BC tried without success
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ _ x
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Potential of cost incentive for contractors to use. Risk of cost
gf developing specifications not eo^jal to market return
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Low cost processing - screening.
Technological Developments - .
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - . ,
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
GLASS MARKETS INFORMATION SYSTEM
Industrial Mineral Uses
Brick Fluxing Agent
Cement Additive
Flue Gas Sorbent
Foundry Sand
Industrial Flooring
Sandblasting
Traction Sand
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
>C References
X Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
X Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Brick Fluxing Agent
Description: Clay additive that promotes brick formation
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction x Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier _ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
x Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
X Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfsi - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Brick Fluxing Aoent
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
iechnical Society Specification
Company Specification ;__
Industry (Association) Specification
Arial Application Results - WA
Application Results - Other 2 Yes
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report 1 Yes
Academic Article/Book 3 Yes
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Tvrell. M.E.. I.L. Feld. and J.A. Barclay. 1972. Fabrication and
Cost Evaluation of Experimental Building Brick from Waste Glass.
U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 7605.
2: Tvrell. M.E. and Alan H. Goode. 1972. Waste Glass as a Flux for
Brick Clays. U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 7701.
3! Samtur. Harold R. 1974. Glass Recycling and Reuse. Institute
forEnvironmental Studies. University of Wisconsin - Madison (p.
.67-69) .
4: ASTM. 1990. Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Brick
and Structural Clav Tile. C 67.
5: Tvrellf M.E. and I.L. Feld. 1970. Structural products made from
hiah-silica fractions of municipal incinerator residues. In
Proceedings of the Second Mineral Waste Utilization Symposium.
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of
u
Application: Brick Fluxing Agent _
Physical Specifications
Note: An Mx" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
t
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 200
Lower Limit -
Re ference (s) 2.
sieve
sieve
100 % passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Original research fTvrell. et all was done using glass residues ^
from municipal incenerators. Chemical content is close to bottle,
glass. (2) .
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
secifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Brick Fluxing Agent
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*M indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Feedstock
_ Angularity
~ Brittleness
~ Chemical Composition
~_ Consistency of Supply
~ Density
~ Durability, Chemical
" Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
Permeability
. Reflectivity
_Sand Equivalent
.Specific Gravity
* Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
. Thermal Expansion
. Toughness
. Use Range in Batch
. Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
l;2;4
*_
x
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
F1 ammab i 1 i ty
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other;Saturation Coef. 1;2;4
l;2?4
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3
Application: Brick Fluxing Agent _ _____
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive — Finished product meets ASTM specs.
Negative - Tendency to effloresce, i.e. deposit salts on brick
face.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Reduces firing temperature and firing time, leading to
increase in production capacity (about 20%). Increase in
production without capital expenditure.
Negative - Glass as additive is expensive comparative to
conventional brick materials.
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Conserves energy.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Reduces fuel consumption but at high materials cost,
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials;
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Brick Fluxing Aaent
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green Mixed
As % of bottle cullet - 45 2J) 25 10
Tons recovered - 19000 9000 10500 4200
Usable in application? -
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 50-70 %
Application unit - ton
Weight per application - 1200#
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year -
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide -
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials -
Extent of preservation -
°ther Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity - Industrial wastes
Extent of application -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Brick Fluxing Agent
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ __
Institutionally Feasible __ _ __
Economically Feasible - _ __ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk of profit margins on bricks too narrow to pay for additional,
glass collection and processing
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure — One major brick maker in Washington
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
*~ performance & Specifications Sheets
~~~ Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
~~~ Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/1/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Cement Additive
Description: Mineral component of cement introduced prior to kiln
firing
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
Building Construction x Industrial Uses
Structural Fill, Landscaping, __ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
__ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier _ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
x Long term (3-5 years)
- Not in foreseeable future
Established Market Size and Recycled Content::
Washington market size, tons per year -
Supply Area and Number of Plants;
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
£63
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Cement Additive
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
2. High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
x Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - Research at Louisiana Univ.
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - 2. _ _
Institutionally Feasible _ _ _
Economically Feasible - 2 _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Merits further research as local substitute for costly imported
cement minerals
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Costs of processing
Technological Developments - Further research
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - _
Consumer Tastes - -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
^ performance & Specifications Sheets
""" Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
""" Resource Utilization Sheet
Y Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision
0
1
2
3
4/3/92
Application
Application: Flue Gas Sorbent
Description: Dry glass and calcium hydroxide slurry used to absorb
pollutants in solid waste incinerator qasses
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction __ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction x Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
__ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
__ Mixed Color Bottle
„ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
^ Established application
.. Short term (0-2 year)
£ Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
__ Local, few
__ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet 1 of
Application: Flue Gas Sorbent
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification .
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book 1 Yes
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Jozewicz. Woiciech. et al. 1991. A novel calcium-based sorbent
for the removal of flue gas HC1 by dry infection. Second
International Conference on Municipal Waste Combustion. .
2: .
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Flue Gas Sorbent
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
x Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s) 1_
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s) .1.
_ Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 170
Reference (s) 1.
Lower Limit -
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
£67
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2
Application: Flue Gas Sorbent
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Feedstock
__ Angularity
__ Brittleness
__ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability.- Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
x Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abras ivene ss
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeab i1ity
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
2CS
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Flue Gas Sorbent
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
positive - Crushed glass sorbent more reactive than calcium
hydroxide alone.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Sorbent used to remove HC1 and other incinerator
pollutants
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
ILPA has prioritized development of flv ash sorbent
269
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Flue Gas Sorbent
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added __ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
__ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_, Application is being tried without research/testing
x Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ __
Institutionally Feasible - _ __ x
Economically Feasible - __ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Sorbent development is at experimental stage- expected development
lag of five to six years before commercial availability _J^
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
£70
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
~~" Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
**~
I
Revision Date:
Revision 0 11/30/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Foundry Sand
Description: Glass processed to the consistency of sand and used as
a substitute for silica sand in foundries and casting.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
Building Construction x Industrial Uses
Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Casting sand
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier _ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
£ Not in foreseeable future
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
0 %
271
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet J of /
Application: Foundry Sand
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book 1 .2
Other (Specify)
References
1: Sand/Binders/Sand Preperation/Coremakincr.11 1991. Foundry
Management and Technology. December.
2: Pfaender, Heinz G., Schott Guide to Glass, 1983, p 125.
3: IZIIZZZZZZZZI^IZZ^ZZIZiZZIIZIZIZZIZZZZZI
4: IIZZI^ZIIZZZZIZIZIZZZZZZZZI^IZIZIZZIZIZZIZZ
5: •
6: ZZZZZIZZIIIZIZZIZZZZZIIZZZZZZZZZZZI^IIZIZI
7: "~"~~~~~~~~~I^IIZZIZZIII^IZIZZZZZZI^ZIIZZI
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Foundry Sand
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
lote: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing,
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of
r~~~ " IT
Application: Foundry Sand ......
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Chemical
Mechanical
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
__ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability,
_ Durability,
_ Dust Ratio
__ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
x Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
_ Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
*. Adhesiveness
x Compactibility
_ Convenience
_ Density
_ Dimensioning
x Durability, Chemical
x Durability, Mechanical
_ Expansion
__ Flammability
_ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
_ Moisture Content
_ Permeability
x Porosity
_ Reflectivity
_ Resiliency
x Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
_ Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
x Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other:
Ref(s)
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Foundry Sand _
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Physical properties with the exception of melt
temperature make cullet a good candidate - material is
free flowing, good compactibility, porosity.
Negative - This application is probably not feasible because of low
sintering temperature of crlass.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Glass may be easier to reclaim than sand
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
c°st and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Foundry Sand
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ x _
Institutionally Feasible - _ x _
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
There may be lower temperature casting or molding applications for
sand which have not been identified.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Increased regulation of natural resources
Technological Developments - .
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Wide range of potential applications
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth - Silicosis issues
Regulation -
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CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
"^ Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/1/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Industrial Flooring
Description: Processed glass as a substitute for silica sand to
create a non-skid surface on flooring.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
Building Construction x Industrial Uses
Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Col or/ Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
__ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier _ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
X Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
- Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
x Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet 1 of
Application: Industrial Flooring
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Newspaper article
References
1: Kohr. Robert L. 1992. Worker safety in the kitchen. ASTM
Standardization News. (May) pp 52-55. ___
2: Schmitt. Eric. Dying Sailor Battles Navy in Search for Afflicted.
Shipmates. New York Times. Sept. 27. 1992. front paqe+.
3:
4:
6:
7:
Z78
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Industrial Flooring
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
i percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
"% to
% to
Reference (s)
_ Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
_ Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
273"
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of
Application: Industrial Flooring _
Performance Specifications
Note: An Mx" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An n*n indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Feedstock
i Angularity
*. Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
__ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
__ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
i Grindability
_ Lubricity
__ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
£. Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Industrial Flooring
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
positive - Appears to perform the same as or better than silica
sand. Provides qood surface traction.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive - Avoids silicosis issues,
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Process and croduct tolerant of contaminants
c°st and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Industrial Flooring
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
__ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of. buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
x Application is being tried without research/testing
__ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - Tacoma
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible _ _ x
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Current concerns about sand and silicosis and requirements of new,
OSHA standards make this a possibly timely application.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Must compare with other sand substitutes .
Technological Developments - Small scale equipment to grind glass,
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Manufacturers appear to be regional & small
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth - Concerns about sand and silicosis.
Regulation - OSHA standards. Disability Act ,
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CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
j£ References
/ performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
""" Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date
Revision 0
1
2
3
4/3/92
12/1/92
Application
Application: Sandblasting
Description: Glass fines used for surface finishing.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction x Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Glass beads
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
_ Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier __ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Supply Area and Number of Plants;
_ Region, few
__ Local, few
x Local, many
Regional Immediacy:
» Established application
« Short term (0-2 year)
£ Long term (3-5 years)
- Not in foreseeable future
* • -v
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - 0
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
283
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet of
Application: Sandblasting
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Military Specification - Abrasive blasting media; Ship hull blast
cleaning. MIL-A-22262Afsm. 1989
2: ~
5:
6:
7:
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WASHINGTON GLASS HARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
i
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
pplication: Sandblasting
Physical Specifications
_iote: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
pplication specifications for the property apply.
:ote: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
> Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2
11
Application: Sandblasting
Performance Specifications
Note: An Hx" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Durability,
Durability,
Feedstock
__ Angularity
x Brittleness
x Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
Density
, Chemical
, Mechanical
Dust Ratio
Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
Grindability
Lubricity
Permeability
Reflectivity
Sand Equivalent
Specific Gravity
Specific Heat
Surface Texture
Thermal Expansion
Toughness
Use Range in Batch
Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
x Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
_ Compactibility
_ Convenience
_ Density
x Dimensioning J
_ Durability, Chemical
x Durability, Mechanical 1
_ Expansion
_ Flammability
x Hardness i
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
x Moisture Content 1
_ Permeability _
Porosity _
_ Reflectivity _
_ Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
x Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
_ Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
__ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Sandblasting
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive -
Negative - Glass shatters more easily than sand - not as effective
at surface removal.
Effects on Making the -Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive - Glass dust classified as a nuisance dust where sand
(silica) dust is classified as a toxic dust.
Negative - Need to develop MSDS sheets and gain approvals of
governing bodies. See mil.spec, reference.
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative - Pulverizing glass to sand particle size is
energy-intensive.
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
n
Application: Sandblasting
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
x Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
x Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible - x _ __
Economically Feasible - __ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk in competing with low price, readily available virgin
materials.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics — cost to process to spec
Technological Developments - Optimal particle shape
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth - silicosis issues
Regulation - MSDS sheets must be developed
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CLEAK WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
""" performance & Specifications Sheets
~~ Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/1/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Traction Sand
Description: Silica sand used by railroads to provide traction under
the wheels of trains.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
Building Construction x Industrial Uses
Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
__ Green Bottle
X Mixed Color Bottle
£ Non-Container Glass
__ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
,. Long term (3-5 years)
^ Not in foreseeable future
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Supply Area and Number of Plants;
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content,^regional average -
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
!l
Application: Traction Sand :
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ _ _
Institutionally Feasible _ _ _
Economically Feasible - _ _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Have not vet located techncial information to evaluate potential^.
Large silica sand market.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
GLASS MARKETS INFORMATION SYSTEM
Insulation Applications
Fiberglass
Foamglass
Glass-Mica Composite
Roclcwool
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
K Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
_V Resource Utilization Sheet
~X Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Fiberglass
Description: Spun glass fillaments primarily used in building
insulation products
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction x Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
x Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
__ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Market Conditions
_ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
x Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
293
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet (s) - Sheet 1 of *£•
Application: Fiberglass
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification 1
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification 2
Company Specification 3
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report 6j7jf8
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book 4?9
Other (Specify) Federal Rule 5
References
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
=——•———•—=
Source
Being
Developed?
Not Final
1: California. 1991. Fiberglass Recycled Content Act of 1991.
2: ASTM. Undated. (Draft) Specification for Glass Gullet Recovered
from Waste for Use of Manufacture of Glass Fiber.
3: Owens-Corninq Fiberolas. 1990. Purchase Acceptance Standards.
: Apotheker. Steve. 1990. Fiberglass manufactures revisit cullet.
Resource Recvclinq fJune).
5: Environmental Protection Agency. 1989. Guideline for Procurement
of Building Insulation Products Containing Recovered Materials;
Final Rule.
6: E.H. Pechan and Associates. 1988. Insulating Material Types and
Manufacturers. ' ".
7: Leonard Guss Associates. 1992. Recycled Content Insulation Market
Analysis. Phase I Report; Data Collection. Prepared for Clean
Washington Center. _
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfsl - Sheet Z of 2-
Application: Fiberglass u
8: Leonard Guss Associates. 1992. Recycled Content Insulation
Market Analysis. Phase II Report; Data Synthesis. Prepared
Clean Washington Center. ^
9: "Turning glass bottles into insulation." 1992. Resource ___^
Recycling. fJunel . ; ^
10: Outer. Ernest P. Undated. Purchased cullet as a fiberglass batrjh
raw material.
11: ' "~
12:
13:
14:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Fiberglass
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
x Color Separation: Reference(s) 1
Percentage Range of Flint Glass - 0 % to 100%
Percentage Range of Amber Glass - 0 % to 25 %
Percentage Range of Green Glass - 1 % to 100%
x Condition: Reference(s) 1;2
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
Finish (Tertiary) Processing
x Contamination: Reference(s) l;2
Paper - % by weight Organic - >. 1 % by weight
Metal - >.l % by weight Other - % by weight
Plastic - % by weight Total - % by weight
x Size - Gradation: Reference(s) l;2
Upper Limit - 1/4" sieve 100 % passing by weight
Lower Limit - 200 sieve 15 % passing by weight
x Moisture Content: Reference(s) 1;2
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Color consistency requirements increase with increase in use
content. Proportion of colors must be consistent within batch.
Essentially no nonferrous metal contaminants are allowed. CA
Mnufacturers orefer minus 12 mesh (.1") cullet (7).
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 ofji
«
Application: Fiberglass _ ________
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Chemical
Mechanical
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
x Chemical Composition
x Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability,
_ Durability,
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
__ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
__ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Thermal Expansion
__ Toughness
x Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) { Finished Product
Ref(s)
l;2;3
*_
*
X
"*
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical 5_
Durability, Mechanical 5_
Expansion _
Flammability 5,
Hardness _
Light Transmittance _
Lubricity __
Moisture Content _
Permeability __
Plasticity __
Porosity __
Reflectivity _
Shrinkage _
Skid Resistance _
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength 5_
Thermal Conductivity 5_
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Fiberglass
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - No effect.
Negative - No effect.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Possible reduced costs from energy savings.
Negative - Contaminants upset furnace. Too large a variation in
color mixes causes instrumentation, melting problems.
Furnaces need to be reset to accomodate color changes
Safety:
Positive -
Negative - Concern whether fiberglass is cancer causing.
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Energy savings. Avoid dumping. Preserves virgin
materials.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Foamglass in product category whose market share is growing - also
high value added with fewer contamination restrictions
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Fiberglass
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green Mixed
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 25 10
Tons recovered - 19000 9000 10500 4200
Usable in application? - ves no ves ves
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 30-60 %
Application unit - ton
Weight per application - 600-1200#
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year -
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide -
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - sand, fuel
Extent of preservation - Small relative to industry's use
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity - Cellulose (papers). plastics
Extent of application - Small share of market
**•'•'"''
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Fiberglass
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added __ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
~ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
x Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - California. Ohio
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible - x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
No Washington plant - industry contains considerable excess
capacity. Possibility of shipping cullet to CA fiberglass markets
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - High capital start-up costs - $50.000.000
Technological Developments - Better contaminant sorters
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Plant proposed for Northwest
Consumer Tastes - NA
Incentives to Market Growth - Procurement policy; mm content stds
Regulation - siting permits for new Plant
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
X Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
X Resource Utilization Sheet
X Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Foamcrlass
Description: Glass in cellular form used for its insulating and
moisture resistance capabilities.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction % Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Acoustic tile; industrial insulation
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
__ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS HARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfsi - Sheet I of<2-
fcpplication: Foamolass
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification 2 Yes
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report 9; 10
Academic Article/Book 1.4.6.7
Trade Article/Book 5;8;11
other (Specify) Federal rule 3
References
1: Oakseson. W.G.. et al. 1977. Foam Glass Insulation from Waste
Glass.
2: ASTM. 1991. Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal
Insulation. C 552.
3- Environmental Protection Agency. 1989. Guideline for Procurement
of Building Insulation Products Containing Recovered Materials;
final Rule.
4: Cahoon, Harvey P.. et al. 1972. Feasibility of making insulation
material by foaming waste glass. In Proceedings of the Third
Mineral Waste Utilization Symposium.
5: Midwest Research Institute. 1972. Technical and Economic
Evaluation of Secondary Products Made from Waste Glass. Glass
Container Manufacturers Institute. '
6: Marchant. B.D. and I.E. Cutler. 1973. Foamed glass insulation
from waste glass. In Proceedings of Symposium on the Utilization
Of Waste Glass in Secondary Products. Albuquerque. New Mexico.
7-' Mackenzie. John D. 1972. Method of Making Glass Products. Patent
Number 3.900.303.
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet 2. of 2,
Application: Foaitiqlass "
8: Retrofit insulation saves on maintenance and operating costs.
1992. Chemical Engineering. (February)
9: Leonard Guss Associates. 1992. Recycled Content Insulation ^
Market Analysis. Phase I Report: Data Collection, Prepared for_
CleanJ?ashinqton Center.
10: Leonard Guss Associates. 1992. Recycled Content Insulation
Market Analysis. Phase II Report: Data Synthesis. Prepared for_
Clean Washington Center.
11: Papke. Chuck. 1992. The market potential of foam-glass. Resource
Recycling. (June)
12: ~~~ ^~~~m~~mH
13:
14:
s..
•0:1
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Foamalass
Physical Specifications
tote: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
jote: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
_ Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 325
Lower Limit - .
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
.. Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Foamalass performance and production not sensitive to minor amounts
&f contamination. Glass must be around to 1-20 microns. :
T
303
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2
Application: Foamalass
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Sup'ply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
__ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) 1 Finished Product
x
x
Jfc
X
x
X
*
X
*
Ref(s
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning __
Durability, Chemical _
Durability, Mechanical _L
Expansion _
Flammability _L
Hardness __
Light Transmittance _
Lubricity _
Moisture Content _
Permeability _L
Plasticity _
Porosity _
Reflectivity
Shrinkage __
Skid Resistance _
Specific Gravity _
Sphericity _
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Other:Heat Warpaae
1:2,-7
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Foamolass
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Good thermal & acoustical insulation properties,
excellant where vapor-proofing required. Good
construction material - high strength, low density.
rigid - requires less support. Barrier to vermin.
Negative - Relatively low melting point. Some experimental
foamalass denser than virgin materials foamglass
(density exceeds ASTM limits). Brittleness makes trans-
portation difficult. Abrades under flame.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Less costly to process than foamqlass from virgin
materials. Can be molded unlike virgin material
foamqlass.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive - Non-combustible, good fire resistance
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Substitutes for perlite. natural volcanic glass
Contains no binders.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Glass-mica composite (experimental product) could compete in same
market. Cost competitive with foam insulations in commercial market
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Low processing costs; tolerant of contaminants unlike fiberglass.
Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Foamqlass
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green
As % of bottle cullet - 4.5 20 25
Tons recovered - 19000 9000 10500
Usable in application? - ves ves ves
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 100 %
Application unit - tons
Weight per application - ton
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year - 10-25.OOP
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide - 15. OOP
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - 36 %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: 143 %
As % of available mixed cullet: 357 %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - 21 %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - Perlite; sand/soda/lime; vermiculite
Extent of preservation - Currently made with virgin materials
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity - Plastic resins
Extent of application - Current usage of recycled resins limited—
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Foamalass ____
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
x Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
"~ identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
Application is being researched
Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - Washington. State; New York
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible - jc _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Potential of consuming problem fractions of cullet - mixed color
and green cullet. Very cost competitive made with cullet.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Low capital startup costs; small scale plant
Technological Developments - Cheap process for microsizina glass
Technical Barriers - High density; Need UL approval
Industry Structure - 2 virgin foamalass plants back east
Consumer Tastes - ' '
Incentives to Market Growth - Procurement retaliations .
Regulation - . _
3C7
-------
CLEAK WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
Y References
X Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
X Resource Utilization Sheet
X Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Glass-Mica Composite
Description: Mineral composite material suitable for rigid
insulation applications
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction __ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Foamolass insulation
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
__ Amber Bottle
__ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Market Conditions
_ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
__ Short term (0-2 year)
x Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average „-
"
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet I of \
Application: Glass-Mica Compos-i
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification 4
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report 5;6
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book l;2
other (Specify) 2
References
Low. Norman M.P. 1986. Development of high thermal insulation
building products from recycled waste glasses. Journal of
Resource Management and Technology (March).
Low. Norman P. 1980. Fabrication of cellular structure composite
material form recycled soda-lime glass and phloqopite mic
powders. Journal of Materials Science, p. 1509-1517.
Environmental Protection Agency. 1989. Guideline for Procurement
of Building Insulation Products Containing Recovered Materials;
Final Rule.
ASTM. 1991. Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal
Insulation. C 552.
Leonard Guss Associates. 1992. Recycled Content Insulation Market
Analysis. Phase I Report; Data Collection. Prepared for Clean
Washington Center.
Leonard Guss Associates. 1992. Recycled Content Insulation Market
Analysis. Phase II Report; Data Synthesis. Prepared for Clean
Washington Center. . ,
3C9
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications.and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Glass-Mica Composite
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 50
Reference (s) 2_
Lower Limit - 100
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Glass-Mica Composite
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
feedstock
_ Angularity
" Brittleness
* chemical Composition
~ Consistency of Supply
" Density
~ Durability, Chemical
~ Durability, Mechanical
" Dust Ratio
"_ Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
IGrindability
„ Lubricity
Permeability
. Reflectivity
.Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
.Specific Heat
. Thermal Expansion
. Toughness
i Use Range in Batch
. Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity 1;4
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density 1;2;4
Dimensioning 4
Durability, Chemical
x
X
*
x
i
X
Durability, Mechanical .1
Expansion _
Flammability jL
Hardness __
Light Transmittance __
Lubricity _
Moisture Content _
Permeability 4.
Plasticity _
Porosity __
Reflectivity _
Shrinkage _
Skid Resistance __
Specific Gravity _
Sphericity __
Stability _
Stain Resistance __
Stiffness __
Strength _
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Other:Heat Warpaqe
l;2;4
311
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3
Application: Glass-Mica Composite
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Good thermal insulation values, high strength - can be
used as structural building material. Dimensional
stability & good weathering properties. Non-combustibLa_
Water resistant. Substitute for non-insulating brick.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Flexibility of production process. Cost-competitive,
Negative - Has not been produced outside of laboratory.
Safety:
Positive - No loose fibers as with fiberglass insulation.
Non-combustible.
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Chemically inert.
Negative - Energy-intensive process.
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Better insulator & higher strength than foamalass. Appears more
costly than foamqlass.
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Dependency on mica sources
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
Properties compare favorably with plastic foam.
«- ^
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
^plication: Glass-Mica Composite
Feedstock Recovery
cullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Cullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green Mixed
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 2_5 10.
Tons recovered - 19000 9000 10500 4200
Usable in application? - yes yes yes yes
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 25-95 %
Application unit -
Weight per application -
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year -
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide -
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - Perlite? vermiculite
Extent of preservation r
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity - Recycled Plastic Resins
Extent of application - Not extensive at this time
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Glass-Mica Composite
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of-buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
x Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible - x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Insulation market is highly competitive - new product may be
difficult to establish because of market barriers.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Relative costs to other products
Technological Developments — Factory production technology
Technical Barriers - ICBO approval required
Industry Structure - Highly competitive end product industry
Consumer Tastes — Green marketing
Incentives to Market Growth - Procurement regulations
Regulation -
- •*
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
X Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
"£ Resource Utilization Sheet
X Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/1/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Rockwool
Description: Thermal insulation made from metalurcrical slag or
basaltic rock.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction x Industrial Uses
Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Fiberglass
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
x Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
.*
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - ?
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
• * w» ta»** dfe* **3 *»^^* 4 Mt*A*» *fc^^ •» ^» <^ ^ —- f — — ^ ^ ^^^•^•^^^•^^^^^^
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - <1 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
0 %
315
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet I of \
Application: Rockvool
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification .
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab .
Government Report 1;2
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Leonard Guss Associates. 1992. Recycled Content Insulation Market
Analysis. Phase I Report: Data Collection. Prepared for Clean
Washington Center.
2: Leonard Guss Associates. 1992. Recycled Content Insulation Market
Analysis, Phase II Report; Data Synthesis. Prepared for Clean _
Washington Center.
3: -
.
-*.'<*»
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Rockvool
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
°ther Conditions Restricting Usage:
317
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Rockwool
'•¥
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Chemical
Mechanical
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability,
_ Durability,
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
_*
*
x
"*
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability 1_
Hardness _
Light Transmittance _
Lubricity _
Moisture Content _
Permeability _
Plasticity _
Porosity _
Reflectivity _
Shrinkage _
Skid Resistance _
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Other:
ilS
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
epecifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
plication: Rockwool
Performance Assessment
lished Product Performance:
positive - Excellant fiesafina and sound attenuation properties.
Very low cost product near plant.
Negative - Heavy, hard to install; hidh installation costs. Use of
glass slightly lowers temperature resistance (fire
safety rating).
ffects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - Capital investment required to handle additional raw
material.
Safety:
Positive -
Negative - Dusty.
environmental Effects;
Positive -
Negative - Use of cullet would displace other waste materials in
product ^metallurgical slag).
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
More rockwool required for given insulation value.
c°st and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Rockwool
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20. 25
Tons recovered - • 19000 9000 10500
Usable in application? - yes ves ves
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 5-10 %
Application unit - ton
Weight per application - 100-200#
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year - 20.000
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide - 1-2000
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - 3.6 %
As % of available flint cullet:
As % of available amber cullet:
As % of available green cullet:
As % of available mixed cullet:
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - 2.1 %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - Basaltic rock
Extent of preservation -
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity - Metallurgical slag from steel mills & smelters
Extent of application - Predominant material
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Rockwool
:===:=:
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
x Established regional use of cullet
~ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Tacoma, WA - occasional use
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - __ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Slag producers pavina tip fee to rockwool manufacturers; product
losing market share
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Access to capital for equipment to use cullet
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - One plant in WA
Consumer Tastes - No impact
Incentives to Market Growth - Procurement legislation
Regulation - . .
321
-------
GLASS MARKETS INFORMATION SYSTEM
Miscellaneous
Aqueduct Liner
Electromagnetized Wastewater Filter
Glass Beads
Glass-Poylmer-Composite (GPC) Sewer Pipe
Hydroponics
Jewelry
Oil Spill Cleanup
Poultry Gravel
Solar Heat Storage
Tile Glaze
Waste Vitrification
Water Filter Medium
Weighted Bags - Construction
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
_^ 'Performance -& =Specifications .Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
K Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/1/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Acrueduct Liner
Description: Proposed cement/glass liner for aqueducts with high
water impermeability
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office -Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Glasscrete
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
x Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
323
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Aqueduct Liner
'fff^———-——————————-— ~======—g==—=s==^=sacsg=====g:ss=sg==as-ss'~=~T~!
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ LOW value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
3 Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
x Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - Oregon research
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ _ x
Institutionally Feasible _ _ _
Economically Feasible - _ _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
If technically feasible could solve problem of water loss through
concrete aqueducts
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - _j __
Technological Developments -.
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - .
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation - —
324
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CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
2*T Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
X Resource Utilization Sheet
X Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 8/27/92
2
3
Application
Application: Electromagnet!zed Wastevater Filter Medium
Description: Electromacrnetized bed of crushed glass used for
cleaning municipal and hazardous waste
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction x Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Municipal, shop water. & swimming pool filter
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
Market Conditions
x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA %
w* y~* r**
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet i of i
Application: Electromagnet!zed Wastewater Filter Medium
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Company Literature
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
Source
Being
Developed?
Yes
Yes
Yes
References
1: Johnson Systems. Inc. Undated. Electromagnetic coagulent system
product descriptions.
2: Allied Laboratories. LTD.. et al. 1985-1991. Laboratory reports:
Johnson Systems. Inc. wastewater treatment sample tests.
3: Meade. Kathleen. 1991. Electromagnetic glass could filter
hazwaste. Waste Age (Spetember) .
4: Johnson Systems. Inc. Undated. Johnson Electro-Coaa Filtration
Systems. _
5:
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications, and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of
Application: Electromagnet i zed Wastewater Filter Medium _
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
x Whole Bottles
x Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechancially Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 30
Reference(s)
Lower Limit - 100
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
End user prefers whole bottle glass but can use-semi-crushed alass.
Sizing and tertiary processing (cleaning, milling, grinding) done.
bv end user. Prefers "food-grade" glass as being more acceptable^,
consumers.
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - s*>«^t 2 of 3
Application: Electromaqnetized Wastewater Filter Medium
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
x Angularity
~_ Brittleness
* Chemical Composition
~ Consistency of Supply
* Density
_ Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
x Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
~ Grindability
_ Lubricity
x Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product Ref(s)
_ Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
*. Adhesiveness
_ Compactibility
__ Convenience
__ Density
_ Dimensioning
_ Durability, Chemical
__ Durability, Mechanical
__ Expansion
__ Flammability
_ Hardness
__ Light Transmittance
__ Lubricity
_ Moisture Content
_ Permeability
__ Plasticity
__ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
__ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
__ Sphericity
__ Stability
__ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
__ Strength
__ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3
Application: Electromacrnetized Wastewater Filter Medium
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Retrofitting increases existing municipal systems
capacity. Efficient, high quality, highly reliable
filtration compared to other systems. Decreases pressure
drop through systems. Cleans to tertiary standards.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Takes up less space. Higher backwash rates & shorter
backwash cycles. Substantially reduces water, chemical
costs. Reduces environmental liability.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Non-chemical treatment - reduces sludge waste by 80%.
eliminates discharge of shop water to sewers, lasts 10.
times longer than sand.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Cost comparable to conventional systems - operating costs
significantly lower.
Performance Tradeoffs with other Recyclable Materials:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource utilization Sheet - Sheet I of 1
Application: Electromacmetized Wastevater Filter Medium
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered -
34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50%
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint
As % of bottle cullet - 45
Tons recovered -
Usable in application?
19000
yes
recovery) -
Amber
20
9000
yes
72000 tons
Green
25
10500
ves
Mixed
10
4200
ves
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 100 %
Application unit - unitflMGD)
Weight per application - 7 ton
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year -
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide -
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - sand
Extent of preservation - glass totally replaces sand in this use
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity - cellulose acetate . ___
Extent of application - unknown what % is recvcled-content
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Electromagnet!zed Wastewater Filter Medium
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
__ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of. buyers in process)
x Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Illinois
Locations of Developing Markets - Washington
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ __
Institutionally Feasible x _ __
Economically Feasible - x _ __
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Illinois company in process of expansion. Virgin materials not
performance competitive in application.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Highly cost competitive.
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Patented process
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments :
References
Performance * "Speci-f ications -Sheets
___ Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/^2
2
3
Application
Application: Glass Beads
Description: Micro-size glass beads used in reflective paints and
metal finishing.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction x Industrial Uses
Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Sandblasting
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Regional Immediacy:
x Established application
__ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
»
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet 1 of I
Application: Glass Beads
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
2 Yes
Source
Being
Developed'?
Yes
Yes
References
1: Balcar, Gerald P. amd Michael M. Woelfel. 1985. Specifying glass
beads. Metal Finishing (December) .
2: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1974. Specifications
for Glass Spheres for Traffic Line Stripe.
3: Pfaender. Heinz G* 1983. Schott Guide to Glass, pp 150-152.
4: ^
~
5: "^
~
6: ""^
7:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Glass Beads _____
Physical Specifications
Hote: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
x Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s) 2_
% to
% to
% to
%
%
_%
Reference(s)
_ Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 20
Re ference(s) 1;2
Lower Limit - 325
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
°ther Conditions Restricting Usage:
Beads used in reflective- paint application shall be colorless
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2
Application: Glass Beads
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An M*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
x Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_-Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
__ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
__ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) ) Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
I;2i3
335
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Glass Beads
mmmm
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Cost effective means of metal finishing with superior
results to other materials and media. Preferred material
for traffic line painting.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Cost-effective.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive - Less health exposure than other metal finishing
techniques
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
33G
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Glass Beads
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
x Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Canbv. Oregon
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x __ _
Institutionally Feasible _ x _
Economically Feasible - _ x _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Market is .saturated with plate glass cullet that has better _
reflective properties than bottle cullet
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - One buyer in region
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments :
V References
performance & Specifications -Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3 ______
Application
Application: Glass-Polvmer-Composite (GPC) Sewer Pipe
Description: Glass-resin composite cast into sewer pipe
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction __ Furniture and Office Supplies
Building Construction __ Industrial Uses
Structural Fill, Landscaping, __ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: __________
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
- Short term (0-2 year)
x Long term (3-5 years)
- Not in foreseeable future
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
M* «h M. •*!_%_•*_ .„_..& i_-» dMv* »*V^^*K ^3 f t^^^f^ £* ^™
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
¥i M0JJ A4JM WWJI Jllbt^ JX9 *• ^*^--fwf »--—--,— f —— — i» - '— •
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
333
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet 1 of I
Application: Glass-Polvmer-Composite (GPO Sewer Pipe
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
Source
Being
Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
No
173
Yes
References
1: Steinberg. Meyer, and Morris Seller. 1974. Glass-Polymer __
Composites for Sewer Pipe Construction. Proceeding of the Fourth
Mineral Waste Utilization Symposium __
2: ASTM. 1990. Standard Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm __
Drain, and Culvert Pipe. C 14.
3: Seller. Morris, and Meyer Steinberg. 1973. Glass-Polymer
Composite. In Proceedings of Symposium on Utilization of Waste
Glass in Secondary Products. Albuquerque . New Mexico. _
4:
5:
6:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet l of 3
Application: Glass-Polvmer-Composite (GPC1 Sewer Pipe
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation: Reference(s)
Percentage Range of Flint Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Amber Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Green Glass - % to %
x Condition: Reference(s)
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechancially Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
.Contamination: Ref erence (s)
Paper - % by weight Organic - % by weight
Metal - % by weight Other - % by weight
Plastic - % by weight Total - % by weight
x size - Gradation: Reference(s) 1
Upper Limit - 1/4" sieve % passing by weight
Lower Limit - 170 sieve % passing by weight
. Moisture Content: Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Ho contaminants removed- in experiment. Requires seivina to obtain
Proper gradation. Particles need to be finished for roundness
isphericity). '.
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2
Application: Glass-Polvmer-Composite fGPC) Sewer Pipe
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_.Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
__ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
__ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
_ Abrasiveness
x Absorptivity
__ Adhesiveness __
__ Compactibility
__ Convenience
x Density __
__ Dimensioning
x Durability, Chemical 1_
_ Durability, Mechanical _
__ Expansion _
__ Flammability _
__ Hardness _
_ Light Transmittance __
_ Lubricity __
_ Moisture Content _
_ Permeability _
_ Plasticity __
_ Porosity _
_ Reflectivity —
_ Shrinkage __
_ Skid Resistance __
_ Specific Gravity _
_ Sphericity _
_ Stability _
_ Stain Resistance __
_ Stiffness _
x Strength 1.
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Glass-Polvmer~Composite (GPC) Sewer Pipe
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
positive - Higher strength (2-4 times) than concrete pipe. Highly
resistant to acidic corrosion such as found in sewers.
Absence of abrupt failure. Not sutnect to hydrostatic
leaking & permeability problems of concrete.
Negative - Fire resistance unknown.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Easier to install because of lighter weight. Easily
machined. •
Negative -
Safety:
Positive - Easier installation,
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
c°st and Performance Tradeoffs:
?erformance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
3
•
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market'Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Glass-Polvmer-Composite (GPC) Sewer Pipe
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added __ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
__ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of-buyers in process)
_^ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
x Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Need to develop suitable production technology as of 1974.
Unknown whether competes with more recently developed pipe.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Development of cost-effective production technology
Technological Developments - Need for production technology
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes - __
Incentives to Market Growth - Procurement regulations
Regulation -
313
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CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
> References
performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 11/30/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Hydroponics
Description: Growth medium in soilless gardening.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
x Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: __ Feedstock Supplier _ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x. Short term (0-2 year)
.. Long term (3-5 years)
-. Not in foreseeable future
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Postj-consumer recycled content, regional average -
344
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet 1 of I
Application: Hydroponics
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
References
1: Resh. Howard M. 1992. Hvdroponic Home Food Gardens. PP 62-72. 79^.
82. .
2: ~
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
"7 r- f *
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Hydroponics _ . __
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
„%
Reference (s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference (s) 1_
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference (s) 1_
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
.Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
°ther Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of
Application: Hydroponics
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*H indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it,
Feedstock
__ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ .Durability, Mechanical
__ ;Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
__ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
_ Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
x Compatibility l_
x Convenience 1_
x Density 1_
x Dimensioning 1_
_ Durability, Chemical __
_ Durability, Mechanical _
_ Expansion
_ Flammability _
_ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity __
_ Moisture Content _
x Permeability 1_
_ Porosity _
_ Reflectivity _
_ Resiliency _
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
_ Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
_ Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Hydroponics
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Free flowing, easily sterilized
Negative - Heavy compared to rockwool, must be thoroughly washed
before using, no fines permissible
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - Must dispose of fines
Safety:
Positive - Sterile finished product
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
c°st and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Hydroponics
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of'buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
__ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x __ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
This is largely a hobbyist market in this region, other regions
may have more potential for commercial installations.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Cost of processing ; __
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Niche market
Consumer Tastes - Product acceptibilitv with authorities
Incentives to Market Growth - Local availability of product
Regulation -
3ys€fc
*5ii&
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
^ performance & Specifications Sheets
~~ cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
"~~ Resource Utilization Sheet
^Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/1/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Jewelry
Description: Decorative adornment incorporating recycled glass
pieces
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products x Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
x Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
_ Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
x Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
x Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
x Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
.. Long term (3-5 years)
- Not in foreseeable future
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - >l
Size as % of available recovered feedstock -
Supply Area and Number of Plants
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - 0 %
350
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1
Application: Jewelry _
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation: ••
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
_ Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
x Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
"% to
% to
Reference(s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Gullet used in this application is selected for its aesthetip sha]
and surface texture.
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Jewelry
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
" Brittleness
" Chemical Composition
Consistency of Supply
~Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
* Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
iSurface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
* Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
_ Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
_ Compactibility
_ Convenience
_ Density
_ Dimensioning
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Expansion
_ Flammability
_ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
_ Moisture Content
_ Permeability
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
_ Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Ref(s)
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
353
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3
Application: Jewelry
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Glass comparable to other ceramic materials used in
application. Aesthetic advantages include translucency
and reflectivity.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Jewelry
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
x Established regional use of cullet
~ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
Established market outside of region
Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Jewelry market size too small.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments - .
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes - Green marketing; fashion trends
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
354
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CLERK WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X. References
^ Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/1/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Oil Spill Cleanup
Description: Cellular glass nodules used to absorb oil for burning
in oil spills
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction x Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
x Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
__ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - 0
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet I of i
Application: Oil Spill Cleanup
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book 1 ?
Other (Specify)
References
1: "Glass nodules handle oil slicks". 197. The Glass Industry
(January)
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
35S
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Oil Spill Cleanup
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply-
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 325
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Glass crushed 1-20 microns.
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Oil Spill Cleanup .
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
Consistency of Supply
x Density
_ Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
Lubricity
Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
_ Abrasiveness _
x Absorptivity 1.
_ Adhesiveness _
_ Compactibility _
x Convenience _
x Density 1_
_ Dimensioning _
_ Durability, Chemical _
i Durability, Mechanical 1_
_ Expansion
x Flammability 1_
_ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance _
_ Lubricity _
_ Moisture Content
_ Permeability
x Porosity I_
_ Reflectivity
_ Resiliency
__ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity _
_ Sphericity
_ Stability _
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness _
_ Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
__ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability _
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of
Application: Oil Spill Cleanup
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Low density and closed cells of foamqlass nodules
buoyancy. Open cells soak up oil through capillary
action. Efficacy equal to other oil burning media.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Cost competitive to detergents and less expensive than
other burning agents.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
, Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Glass residual is inert - no detrimental effect on
environment.
Negative - Impact of burning oil may cause greater environmental^
harm than current technology for oil spill cleanup.
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Oil Spill Cleanup : __
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
Established regional use of cullet
Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
Established market outside .of region
Market development occurring outside of region
Application is being tried without research/testing
Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validatipn in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible _ _ x
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk that technique is not consonant with current environmental
practices. _____
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
Specifications Sheets
Cost Sheets
Recycled Characteristics Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Poultry Gravel
Description: Feed for birds to aid digestion
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction x Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Market Conditions
_ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Immediacy of Application Regionally:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
% of Post-Consumer Recycled Content in Application at Present:
Regional average - Q %
Established Market Size:
Tons per year, Washington -
As % of available recovered feedstock - NA
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment: Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Poultry Gravel
Physical Specifications
Note: An HxM to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
X Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
g Crushed (Mechancially Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
_ Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
X Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
3S2
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of
Application: Poultry Gravel
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Chemical
Mechanical
Feedstock
__ Angularity
_ Brittleness
*. Chemical Composition
__ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability,
_'Durability,
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ 'Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
__ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
£ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:Sharpness
3S3
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Poultry Gravel ___ _____
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive -
Negative - Commercial poultry producers do not use gravel as
poultry feed.
Effects on Making the Finished Product;
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
_•
Performance Tradeoffs with other Recyclable Materials:
3G4
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of l
Application: Poultry Gravel
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added 2 Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - 2. _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk is market is extremely small — ostriches and other zoo
Potential for small processor to supply market.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Small specialty market.
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
"^Performance & Specifications Sheets
~~ Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
""*" Resource Utilization Sheet
"7 Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 11/30/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Solar Heat Storage
Description: Sintered glass as a heat storage medium for solar heat,
with dark glass at bottom, clear at top
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Sintered mosaic tile
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
x Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
_ Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
__ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
__ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
X Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
-•
Supply Area and Number of Plants;
x Region, few
__ Local, few
__ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfsl - Sheet I of /
Application: Solar Heat Storage
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Bhargava. Ashok Kumar. A Comprehensive Transient Analysis of a
Solar Sand Water Heater. Energy, vol 11, #10, pp991-1004, 1986
2:
3:
5:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Solar Heat Storage
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
x Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Refer ence(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
_Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
_ Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
> Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Glass must be color separated and processed to flow like sand,
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 ofj*
Application: Solar Heat Storage ___
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Durability,
Durability,
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
Density
Chemical
Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
*. Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
* Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Solar Heat Storage
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Inexpensive means for storing solar heat without water
storage. Takes advantage of the greenhouse effect to
capture solar energy.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Glass can be sintered at 1000 deg F.. versus 2500 dea F.
for melting.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Uses recycled material in permanent, value-added
application.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Solar Heat Storage
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market, outside of region
__ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ _ x
Institutionally Feasible _ _ x
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Solar collector manufacturing has the potential to create a
cottage industry.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics r Energy prices/availability
Technological Developments r
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Fragmented, local
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth - Sustainable housing movement
Regulation -
371
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CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
Performance & Specifications 'Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 '
2
3
Application
Application: Tile Glaze
Description: Applied surface treatment for ceramic tiles.
Application's Product Grouping:
Road & Public Works Construction
x Building Construction
Structural Fill, Landscaping,
and Recreational Products
Related Applications:
Furniture and Office Supplies
x Industrial Uses
Packaging/Containers
Consumer Products
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
Amber Bottle
Green Bottle
Mixed Color Bottle
Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
Whole Bottles
Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
Established application
Short term (0-2 year)
X Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
Local, few
Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Pos^-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
i
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfsi - Sheet i of I
Application: Tile Glaze
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Ryshchenko. M.I, et al. 1989. Wear resistant unfritted white
glazes in floor tile production. Translated from Steklo i
Keramika (April)
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
373
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Tile Glaze __
•«
Physical Specifications
Note: An HxH to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation: Reference(s)
Percentage Range of Flint Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Amber Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Green Glass - % to %
x Condition: Reference(s)
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
2 Crushed (Mechancially Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
x Contamination: Reference(s)
Paper - % by weight Organic - % by weight
Metal - % by weight Other - % by weight
Plastic - % by weight Total - % by weight
Size - Gradation: Reference(s)
Upper Limit - sieve % passing by weight
Lower Limit - sieve % passing by weight
..Moisture Content: Reference (s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
•«ww»^»^»i^»VMB»a»awMM
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of
Application: Tile Glaze
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency-of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
__ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:Opacity
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Tile Glaze
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Significant reduction of zircon filler. High wear
resistance and increase in degree of whiteness.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Decrease of 20% in cost.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Preserves costly virgin minerals
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Tile Glaze
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
__ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible __ _ x
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk of not being competitive with industrial glazes developed in.
the U.S. —
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X^ References
j^ Performance & Specifications Sheets
___ Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
___ Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Waste Vitrification
Description: Containment of hazardous wastes in melted glass.
Application's Product Grouping:
Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
Building Construction x Industrial Uses
Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
x Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
__ Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Market Conditions
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Poslt-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
378
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet 1 of
Application: Waste Vitrification
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Company Literature
References
1: Chapman. Chris. Undated. The Vitrification Process for
Destruction and Immobilization of Hazardous Wastes.
2: Penberthv, Larry. 1992. Why Glass is a Good Host for Hazardous
Waste. Glass Industry. (May) pp. 22-24.
4:
5:
6:
7:
373
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment: Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Waste Vitrification _____
Physical Specifications
note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Kote: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ color Separation:
percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
._ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
_ Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Literature refers to use of additives for imparting durability and
Brocessabilitv characteristics to vitrified waste. Gullet is not
specifically referred to.
I
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of
Application: Waste Vitrification _
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Chemical
Mechanical
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
x Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
x Durability,
_•Durability,
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
__• Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
__ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
__ Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
_ Compact ibility
_ Convenience
__ Density
__ Dimensioning _
x Durability, Chemical 1.2
_ Durability, Mechanical _
_ Expansion _
_ Flammability _
_ Hardness _
_ Light Transmittance _
_ Lubricity _
_ Moisture Content _
_ Permeability _
_ Porosity _
_ Reflectivity
_ Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
_ Strength
__ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
x Water Resistance 2_
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Waste Vitrification
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive — Glass excellant dissolver of contaminants, waste.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product;
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Vitrification encapsulates/dissolves waste in inert
glass. Heavy metals become leach resistant.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Vitrified particle size, shape. & surface properties will affect
which applications it might be used in.
tost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
— i _^ , _________^____
383
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
_>C_ References
W Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
X Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 11/30/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Water Filter Medium
Description: Substitute for sand in water filtration.
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction x Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, __ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
__ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
_ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
x Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
ssa
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet ' of
Application: Water Filter Medium __
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification J.
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book 2.3
other (Specify)
References
1: AWWA B100-89 Standard for filtering material.
2: Uluatum. Semra Siber. "Assessing perlite as a sand substitute in
filtration." Management and Operations. Journal AWWA. June. 1991,
pp 70-71. .
3: Collins. M. Robin, et al.. Removing Natural Organic Matter bv
Conventional Slow Sand Filtration. Research and Technology.
.Journal AWWA. May. 1992. PP 80-90.
5v
6:
7:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of
Application: Water Filter Medium _
• ' "IJ*1!L — ' — "i-iLi i '• .' i I • ••"••— •«^^i — «i mmm, i. ___ i I. ii • I- • ^i «^ ^11 ^ i,, — i M^ ^11 j .•! •—•»• — ——• — --—•••- — ••- i »
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
__ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
__ Condition:
__ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s) 1.3
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference (s) .!_
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 30
Lower Limit - 45
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
10 % passing by weight
10 % passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Water Filter Medium
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*M indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not.cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
"Brittleness
~Chemical Composition
"Consistency of Supply
'_ Density
" Durability, Chemical
~ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
"Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
. Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
.Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product Ref(s)
_ Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
_ Compactibility
_ Convenience
_ Density
x Dimensioning 1.2.3
x Durability, Chemical 1.2
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Expansion
_ Flammability
x Hardness l
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
x Moisture Content 1
x Permeability £
_ Porosity
x Reflectivity 2
_ Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
x Specific Gravity l. 2
x Sphericity l
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
_ Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
_ Other;
3SS
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet
Application: Water Filter Medium
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Properly prepared, glass should be more inert and
than sand.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - Cleanliness required in product will require tertiary
washing before use.
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Inconsistencv of source of crlass mav be a problem
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Amount of processing reduces competitiveness
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials;
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Water Filter Medium
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - properly prepared, glass should be more inert and pure
than sand. Particle shape may enhance filtration.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Requirement for medium cleanliness makes tertiary washing a
Processing requirement.
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Amount of processing reduces competitiveness
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Water Filter Medium
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
. Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Potential applications range from water pool filtration through^
. municipal slow sand waste treatment. Economies of scale problem.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -.
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
, References
J Performance & -Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
"* Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Application
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application: Weighted Bags - Construction
Description: Bags filled with aggregate used for weighting
Application's Product Grouping:
Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
Building Construction x Industrial Uses
__ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier _ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
^ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - .C) %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA %
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of
Application: Weighted Baas - Construction
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Weighted Baas - Construction __
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
" Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
" Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:Flowabilitv
382
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of
Application: Weighted Baas - Construction
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Gullet denser than sand - fewer recruired,
Negative - Less pliability than sand bags - more difficult to
handle.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - Need to design equipment or modify exisitnq equipment to
fill baas.
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects;
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials;
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Weighted Bags - Construction .
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
Market development occurring outside of region
Application is being tried without research/testing
Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible _ _ x
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Market size doesn't warrant effort to gain acceptance of product
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes - Preference for known materials
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
GLASS MARKETS INFORMATION SYSTEM
Paving Applications
Asphalt Base Course - Glassphalt
Asphalt Surface Course - Glassphalt
Bike Paths
Parking Lots and Driveways
Slurry Seal
335
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
X References
* Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
IT Resource Utilization Sheet
K Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/31/91
1
2
3
4/3/92
Application
Application: Asphalt Base Course - Glassphalt
Description: Underlaver of asphalt paving that contains glass
aggregate __
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products __ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Asphalt Surface Course - Glassphalt
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier __ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
x Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
__ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - NA
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA %
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet 1 of I
Application: Asphalt Base Course - Glassphalt
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification 1 No
National Specification
Other State Specification 2;3;5 Yes
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State 4 Yes
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Federal Lav 6
References
1: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991. Standard
Specifications for Road. Bridge, and Municipal Construction.
Sections 4-06 and 9-03.6.
2: New Jersey. Department of Transportation. September 1991.
Memorandum, re; Revision to 1989 Standard Specifications. Crushed
Recycled Container Glass rBottom layer surface courses!.
3: Pennsylvania. Department of Transportation. 1991. Draft
Specification: Plant Mixed Glassphalt Bituminous Concrete
Courses.
4: New Jersey. Department of Transportation. February 1991.
Memorandum of Record, A Laboratory Evaluation of Glasphalt for
its Moisture-Damage Susceptibility.
5: New York. Department of Transportation. 1991. Preliminary Special
Note: Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavement with Crushed Glass.
6: United States. Intermodal Surface Transportation Infrastructure
Act of 1991. 1991. Section 1038; Use of Recycled Paving
Material.
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Asphalt Base Course - Glassphalt
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechancially Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
% to
% to
.% to
Reference(s)
%
%
Reference (s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s) 2:3:5
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic - __
Other - _
Total - 1
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 3/8"
Lower Limit - 200
Reference(s) 2:3:5
sieve
sieve
100 % passing by weight
3-6 % passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Limited to 5-10% maximum bv weight of total mix (2.3.5)
New
Jersey's specifications less stringent than above,
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Asphalt Base Course - Glassphalt
Performance Specifications
Note: An Mx" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An M*fl indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
i Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
* Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
. Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
. Specific Heat
.. Thermal Expansion
.. Toughness
x Use Range in Batch
.. Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
2;3,-5
x
x
X
*
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness 2
Compact ib i1ity
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content 2
Permeability
Plasticity 2
Porosity
Reflectivity
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability 2
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength 2
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity 2:4
Other:
339
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Deifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 CVF^
Application: Asphalt Base Course - Glassphalt
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Increases wet tensile strength, thereby decreasing
moisture sensitivity at some asphalt contents (4.6^
Negative - Propensity for moisture damage to occur.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - May extend paving season (
Negative - Concern about consistency of supply (4). Requires batch
plant modification (4.7.8). Possible higher costs f8K
Safety:
Positive - Use normal safety precautions when handling materials.
Use gloves - no excessive skin contact hazard.
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Avoid dumping. Preserve virgin aggregate supplies.
Decrease in water used for aggregate minina.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
More moisture exposure in base than surface sourses. less ovidatioij
and stripping. —
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Asphalt Base Course - Glassphalt
Feedstock Recovery
Cullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Cullet Feedstock Recovery: i
Flint Amber Green Mixed
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 25 10
Tons recovered - 19000 9000 10500 4200
Usable in application? -
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 10 %
Application unit - ton
Weight per application - 200#
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year - 100.000
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide - 10.000
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - 24 %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: 238 %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - 14 %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - sand, gravel
Extent of preservation - small relative to"market size
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity -
Extent of application -
\
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet: - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Asphalt Base Course - Glassphalt
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
x Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets - King County
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk of substituting out for traditional aggregate sources that
cost less and outperform cullet in this application.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Processsinq costs
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers - Performance concerns on stripping
Industry Structure — No incentives for asphalt producers
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth - Demonstration projects
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
^ References
T Performance & Specifications Sheets
__ Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 12/31/91
1
2
3
4/3/92
Application
Application: Asphalt Surface Course - Glassphalt
Description: Surface layer of asphalt road containing glass
aggregate
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Asphalt Base Course - Glassphalt
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
__ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
x. Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
__ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - NA
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post^-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA %
403
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet 1 of L
Application: Asphalt Surface Course - Glassphalt
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Federal Lav
-— —~ **• * ~~
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
No
Yes
2; 5;11
Source
Being
Developed?
Draft
In Planning
3; 13
4;6?7;12
7;8
10
Yes
References
1: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991. Standard
Specifications for Road, Bridge, and Municipal Construction.
Sections 5-04 and 9-03.8.
2: Pennsylvania. Department of Transportation. 1991. Draft
Specification: Plant Mixed Glassphalt Bituminous Concrete
Courses.
3: Castedo, Humberto and Harold Watson. 1991. Street Maintenance in
New York City Using Recycled Materials.
4: Virginia. Department of Transportation. 1990. Feasibility of
Using Recycled Glass in Asphalt.
5: New York. Department of Transportation. 1991. Preliminary Special
Note; Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavement with Crushed Glass.
6: New Jersey. Department of Transportation. February 1991^
Memorandum of Record. A Laboratory Evaluation of Glasphalt for __
its Moisture-Damage Susceptibility.
7: Los Angeles. Bureau of Street Maintenance. 1991. Glassphalt;
Research for Hot Glassphalt Mix Designs. *
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(si - Sheet 2. of 2-
Application: Asphalt Surface Course - Glassphalt
8: Connecticut. Department of Transportation. 1989. Feasibility of
Utilizing Waste Glass in Pavements.
9: New York. Department of Economic Development. Office of
Recycling Market Development. 1991. The Use of Recvlcled
Materials as Components of Paving Materials.
10: United States. Intermodal Surface Transportation Infrastructure
Act of 1991. 1991. Section 1038; Use of Recycled Paving
Material.
11: New Jersey. Department of Transportation. September 1991.
Memorandum, re; Revision to 1989 Standard Specifications.
Crushed Recycled Container Glass rBottom layer surface courses1.
12: Florida. Department of Transportation. 1991. Evaluation of
Crushed Glass in Asphalt Paving Mixtures.
13: Los Angeles. Department of General Services - Standards. 1991.
Testing Results. Glassphalt.
14: Malisch. et al. 1972. Effect of contaminants in recycled glass
utilized for qlasphalt. In Proceedings of the Third Mineral
Waste Utilization Symposium.
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of
Application: Asphalt Surface Course - Glassphalt
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications"-
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechancially Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Refer ence(s)
x Contamination:
Paper - _
Metal - _
Plastic -
Reference(s) 2:5
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
x Size - Gradation:
% by weight
% by weight
1 % by weight
Reference(s) 2;7
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
3/8" sieve
200 sieve
100 % passing by weight
3-6 % passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Restrictions on Use
Restrictions Stated in Specification(s):
ited to 5-10% maximum bv weight of total mix.
icted to bottom 1<
•ements.
SDecificatio
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Asphalt Surface Course - Glassphalt
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
8
. Angularity
Brittleness
Chemical Composition
Consistency of Supply 4;11
Density
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Dust Ratio
Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
Frictional Properties
Permeability
Reflectivity
Sand Equivalent
Specific Gravity
Thermal Expansion
Toughness
Use Range in Batch
Viscosity
11
2;4;5
_ Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
x Adhesiveness
_ Convenience
_ Density
_ Dimensioning
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Flammability
_ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
x Moisture Content
_ Permeability
x Plasticity
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
_ Shrinkage
x Skid Resistance
*. Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
x Stability
_ Stain Resistance
x. Stiffness
x. Strength
*. Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
__ Water Resistance
x Water Sensitivity
Other
11
7; 11
2;3;4
3;4;7;8
4;6;7
40?
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of
Application: Asphalt Surface Course - Glassphalt
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Increases wet tensile strength, thereby decreasing
moisture sensitivity at some asphalt contents (4.6).
Negative - Propensity to moisture damage (4.7.8). Reduction in '_
skid resistance (8K May require resurfacing early -
compatibility with slurry systems unknown (7). Requires
sweeping initially (4) .
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - May extend paving season (8) . .
Negative - Concern about consistency of supply (4). Requires batch
plant modification (4.7,8). Possible higher costs f8).
Safety:
Positive - Enhances nighttime visibility of road edge. Causes snow
to melt sooner.
Negative - Ravelled glass particles at road side.
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Avoid dumping. Preserve virgin aggregate supplies.
Decrease in water used for aacrrecrate minina.
Negative - Contaminants affect recvclabilitv
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Surface paving is performed year round. More oxidation fr
in surface courses (7) . less moisture exposure than in base
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance increases with contaminant removal but more costly to
process . _ _____
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
Rubberized asphalt has more performance potential, but more
-
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Asphalt Surface Course - Glassphalt
Feedstock Recovery
cullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Cullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green Mixed
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 25 10
Tons recovered - 19000 9000 10500 4200
Usable in application? - yes ves ves ves
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 5 %
Application unit - ton
Weight per application - 100#
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year - 5.000.000
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide - 250.000
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - 595 %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - 347 %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - Gravel. sand
Extent of preservation •» Small relative to .industry's use
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
i
i
Commodity - Tires; recycled asphalt and concrete
Extent of application - Greater because of performance potential
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Asphalt Surface Course - Glassphalt
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
__ Established regional use of cullet
x Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
x Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Los Angeles. NYC. New Jersey
Locations of Developing Markets - King County
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x __ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Addition of glass degrades asphalt performance, adds cost to low
value-added product. Cannot recover processing costs.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Comparative cost to make, use
Technological Developments - Stricter specifications
Technical Barriers - Performance concerns on stripping
Industry Structure - No incentives for asphalt producers
Consumer Tastes - Acceptance of performance tradeoff
Incentives to Market Growth - Procurement legislation
Regulation - .
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CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
Specifications Sheets
Cost Sheets
Recycled Characteristics Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Bike Paths
Description: Glassphalt bike routes
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Glassphalt
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
_ Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Immediacy of Application Regionally:
_ Established application
x. Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
% of Post-Consumer Recycled Content in Application at Present:
Regional average - 0 %
Established Market Size:
Tons per year, Washington -
As % of available recovered feedstock - NA
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet 1 of \
Application: Bike Paths
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify)
References
1: Virginia. Department of Transportation. 1990. Feasibility of
Using Recycled Glass in Asphalt. _
2: Los Angeles. Department of General Services - Standards. 1991.
Testing Results. Glassphalt.
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets — Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Bike Paths
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive -
Negative - Propensity to moisture damage, leads to glass ravelling.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - Possible higher costs.
Safety:
Positive - Enhances nighttime visibility of path edge. Melts snow
and ice sooner.
Negative - No record of impact of skid resistance reduction on bike
travel. Ravelled glass particles on path.
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Avoid dumping.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Potential amount of cullet use in bike path negligible relative to
use in road courses and safety risks are greater.
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
r •*,
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of l
Application: Bikepaths
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - _ _ x
Institutionally Feasible _ _ x
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk of return on getting use approved not sufficient to cover
cost of effort.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers - Performance concerns
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes - safety concerns of ravelled glass
Incentives to Market Growth -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
_K References
X Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
J, Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Parking Lots and Driveways
Description: Asphalt paving on private developments
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
x Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications: Glassphalt
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
_ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
_ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
x Established application
x. Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
__ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - <400
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - <1 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
0 %
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet 1 of I
Application: Parking Lots and Driveways
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Technology Brief-CWC
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
Source
Being
Developed?
NA
•References
1: Clean Washington Center. 1992 . Road Constuction Uses for Glass.
2:
3: -
4: "~
5: ""
6: Z
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Parking Lots and Driveways
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications"-
Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 3/4-1" sieve
Lower Limit - sieve
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Industry practice rather than specifications govern this •
application. The application is limited to low-volume, low-speed
pavement uses on private property.
4-
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Parking Lots and Driveways
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Chemical
Mechanical
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability,
_ Durability,
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
__ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
__ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
__ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
*. Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Parking Lots and Driveways
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Colored plate glass used in driveways has aesthetic
appeal ...
Negative - Tendency for pavement to ravel (glass particles become
dislodaed)
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - At $0 price maymakepavement sliahtlv cheaper
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative - Ravelled glass particles
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Higher processing needs and greater safety concerns than in clean
fill application ___
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with other Recyclable Materials:
419
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of l
Application: Parking Lots and Driveways
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
_ High value added x Low value added
Market Development Stage:
x. Established regional use of cullet
x. Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Woodinville. WA
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Market transaction costs may be too high to support application.
Possible liability risks. .
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers - stripping problems
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes - Demand for green products
Incentives to Market Growth - _
420
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
cover Sheet
Attachments:
j>(_ References
Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Slurry Seal
Description: Asphaltic pavement sealant used to repair the surface
of roads
Application's Product Grouping:
x Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill/ Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
__ Green Bottle
x Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
__ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
x. Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:'
_ Region, few
_ Local, few
x Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - 0 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - NA
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet of
Application: Slurry Seal
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed;?
Washington State Specification 1 No
National Specification
Other State Specificatipn
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification •
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State '
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book 3 Yes
Trade Article/Book 2 Yes
Other (Specify)
References
1: Washington. Department of Transportation. 1991. Standard __
Specifications for Road. Bridge, and Municipal Construction _
(sections 5-02 and 9-03.4). __
2: Midwest Research Institute. 1972. Technical and Economic __
Evaluation of Secondary Products Made from Waste Glass. Glass
Conatainer Manufacturers Institute. __
3: Samtur. Harold R. 1974. Glass Recycling and Reuse. Institute for_
Environmental Studies. Universit of Wisconsin - Madison.
4:
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Slurry Seal
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
_ Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
X Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
2 Crushed (Mechancially Sized)
__ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s
)i
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total - 0.1 % by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit - 3/8"
Lower Limit - 200
Reference (s) J_
sieve
sieve
100 % passing by weight
10 % passing by weight
_ Moisture content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
WSDOT specifies the applying of surface sealant in
asphalt/aggregate layers.
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of
Application: Slurry Seal _
Performance Specifications
Note: An Mx" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An M*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
X Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
x. Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Plasticity
Porosity
Reflectivity
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Other:
434
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Slurry Seal .
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Effective moisture selant. Protects against pavement
ravelling. Improves skid resistance. Long lasting.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - Requires additional equipment to mix slurry - more
costly.
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost to process to specifications same as in other applications
where greater volumes are used. _ _____
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
In-lace reccling of pavement preferred technique.
Performance Tradeoffs with other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
\
Application: Slurry Seal
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
__ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
x Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets -
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible _ _ x
Economically Feasible - _ _ x
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Need to compare to current techniques of sealing roads, including.
in place pavement recycling. -
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
-------
GLASS MARKETS INFORMATION SYSTEM
Remelt Applications
Art Glass
Decorative Marbles
Game Marbles
Hand Rolled Flat Glass
Industrial Marbles
Pressed Glass
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Art Glass
Description: Decorative glass objects formed bv hand bloving, falso
referred to as blown alassj
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products x Consumer Products
Related Applications: Pressed Glass
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
x Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
_ Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
__ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
x Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
__ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
x Local, few
__ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - <50
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - <2 %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - 0 %
428
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
.Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Art Glass
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Market Study
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
Source
Being
Developed?
2.4
1.3
References
1: Gainer and Associates. 1990. Recycling Entrepreneurship: Creating
Local Markets for Recycled Materials.
2: Mexican Glass Blower Seeks U.S. Gullet. 1991. Recycling Today.
3: Gainer and Associates. 1992. Small scale manufacturing with
recycled glass cullet: A rural demonstration project.
4: "Advances in pressed glass manufacture." 1992. Glass (September)
6:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Art Glass v
•
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
x Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Contamination levels should be equal to or less than those foi
bottle manufacture. Chemical consistency - i.e. sorting by brand.
and bottle tupe - required.
&30
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Art Glass .
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
Brittleness
x Chemical Composition
x Consistency of Supply
_ Density
Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
Lubricity
Permeability
_ Reflectivity
Sand Equivalent
Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:Aesthetics
431
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3
Application: Art Glass 1
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive -
Negative - Color contamination could jeopardize aesthetics and
light transmittance quality of finished piece.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Easier, more economical to use than making batch from
scrap. Pot furnaces more tolerant of batch chemical
variation. 80% of artists use scrap glass for batch.
Negative - Blowing requires high degree of chemical puritv -
quality control with multiple bottle cullet sources more
difficult.
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative — Air pollutant emissions.
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Limited scale of production and higher specifications compared to
pressed glass; higher value added. ,
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Post-consumer cullet cheaper than plant scrap cullet (current
source for batchl but end product cnialitv less easy to control.
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Art Glass
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green Mixed
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 25. 10
Tons recovered - 19000 9000 10500 4200
Usable in application? - ves ves ves no
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 80-100 %
Application unit - tons
Weight per application - 1 ton
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year - <50
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide - <50
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - «l %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: ; %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials -
Extent of preservation - ._
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity -
Extent,of application -
\ 433
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Art Glass .
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
x Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
__ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Seattle (Pratt Art Center)
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk of low volume demand for post—consumer cullet as end market
is low tonnage & there are good supplies of pre-consumer cullet.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Competitive pricing of post-consumer cullet __
Technological Developments - ____
Technical Barriers - -
Industry Structure - Fragmented market - artisans
Consumer Tastes - "Green" marketing
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
£ References
Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 8/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Decorative Marbles
Description: Small glass balls used for decoration in floral
arrangements, fish tank crravel, crafts projects.
etc.
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products x Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
x Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
_ Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
x Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
x Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
__ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - ?
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
43'
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet of
Application: Decorative Marbles
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab •
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Company Brochure 1 Yes
References
1: VitroAaate. Undated. Product Description; Marbles
2:
4:
5:
6:
7:
436
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Decorative Marbles
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
x Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
_ Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
437
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Decorative Marbles :
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
*. Chemical Composition
_ Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
__ Grindability
_ Lubricity
__ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
__ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
__ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
__ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other: Aesthetics
438
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Decorative Marbles
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Bottle cullet is sufficient grade material as shape and
strenath less critical in this application.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Product is tolerant of seeds, that is. not as sensitive
to contaminants
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Established market consumes large amounts of plant scrap
cullet.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Feedstock quality is less critical than with other marble
applications
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
433
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market: Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Decorative Marbles
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
x Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Anacortes (Vitro Agate)
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Market saturated with high grade plant scrap cullet. Potential of
small-scale, not highly technical operation.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth - Green marketing
Regulation -
440
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
J£ References
X_ Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
T Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Game Marbles
Description: Small hard ball used in childrens games,
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products x Consumer Products
Related Applications: Decorative Marbles
Feedstock
Color/Source:
_ Flint Bottle
_ Amber Bottle
Green Bottle
I Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
x Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year - ?
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - ? %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet of
Application: Game Marbles
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book _______
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Company Brochure 1 Yes
References
1: VitroAcrate, Undated. Product Description: Marbles
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Game Marbles
MMMM
Physical Specifications
Note: An MxH to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
x Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
i _ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
^ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference(s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
L Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
443
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Game Marbles ,
Performance Specifications
Note: An Hxw to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
__ Brittleness
_ Chemical Composition
x Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
__ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
__ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
_ Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
_ Compactibility
_ Convenience
_ Density
_ Dimensioning
_ Durability, Chemical
x Durability, Mechanical
_ Expansion
_ Flammability
x Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
__ Moisture Content
_ Permeability
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
_ Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
x Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other:
Ref(s)
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Game Marbles
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Non-container class of sufficient strength for
application without additives.
Negative - Feedstock is from single source for quality control,
Bottle cullet not suitably hard or stronq.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - Consistency and quality of feedstock critical to forming
process (rolling).
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Established market consumes large amounts of
pre-consumer cullet.
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials: _
44S
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Game Marbles
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
2 High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
x Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Anacortes (Vitro Aerate)
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ __
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Risk is market already saturated with high grade pre-consumer
cullet.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Monopsony market
Consumer Tastes — Green marketing
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
References
Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 11/30/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Hand Rolled Flat Glass
Description: Colored, flat glass for stained glass windows,
slumping, fusincr, and other
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products x Consumer Products
Related Applications: Pressed Glass
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
x Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
_ Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: _ Feedstock Supplier
x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
_ Established application
__ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
_ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
Y
44?
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet 1 of
Application: Hand Rolled Flat Glass
Available Information Sources
Source(s)
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Company literature
Reference Source
Number - Allows
See Below Use?
Source
Being
Developed?
Yes
Yes
References
1: Bullseve Glass Company. 1990. Company brochure.
2: Wichert. Geoff. 1991. Vitreous maximus; the glass of Bullseve
Glass Company. Stained Glass (1991).
4:
5:
6:
7:
448
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Hand Rolled Flat Glass
Physical specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
x Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
% to
% to
% to
Reference (s)
Jr
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
Qualitv of cullet should be comparable to that for bottle making
•449
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and .Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Hand Rolled Flat Glass
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
__ Brittleness
x Chemical Composition
x Consistency of Supply
__ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
__ Electrical Conductivity
__ Fracture Properties
i Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
__ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
__ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
__ Use Range in Batch
x Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
450
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Hand Rolled Flat Glass
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive -
Negative - Contaminants lower quality of glass. Inconsistant
chemistry makes end product less consistant in its
thermal expansion - harder to use as art grade, fusing
glass.
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Gullet easier to batch, better workability.
Negative -
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Does not recruire expensive molds like pressed glass application.
requires greater sophistication with batch additives.
Cost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Virgin batch materials more expensive but provides greater quality
control. ___^___
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
451
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Hand Rolled Flat Glass
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added __ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
x Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Portland
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x __ _
Institutionally Feasible x __ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Size of market is limited. Industry has undergone consilidation.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Efficient cotaminant removal equipment
Technological Developments - Trend towards specialty glasses
Technical Barriers - Contaminants
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes - .
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
452
-------
CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
jC References
^_ Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
* Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1
2
3
Application
Application: Industrial Marbles
Description: Glass balls used for mixing inside filled containers.
I Application's Product Grouping:
I _ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
I _ Building Construction x Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products _ Consumer Products
Related Applications:
Feedstock
Color/Source:
x Flint Bottle
x Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
_ Mixed Color Bottle
x Non-Container Glass
Stained Glass
Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
x Finished (Tertiary Processing)
Processing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
x Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
Regional Immediacy:
x Established application
_ Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
x Region, few
_ Local, few
_ Local, many
Established Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average -
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheetfs) - Sheet / of f
Application: Industrial Marbles
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book
Trade Article/Book
Other (Specify) Company Brochure 1
References
1: VitroAaate. Undated. Product Description: Marbles
2: ZIZZIZZIZIZIZIIZZ^ZZZZI^ZZZIZZIIII^!^!ZI
3: IZIZIZZZZZIIZIZZIZIZZII^ZZZZIZZZZZZIZI
4: ——^^—--—^^
5: ZZIZIIZZIIZZZIZZZIZZIZIZIZZZZZZIZIZIIZ!
6: '
7: II~^^~~ZZIIZI^^ZIZIIIZZIIZIIZIZIZIII
4-54
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Industrial Marbles
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
x Color Separation:
Percentage Range of Flint Glass -
Percentage Range of Amber Glass -
Percentage Range of Green Glass -
x Condition:
_ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Reference (s)
% to
% to
% to
Reference(s)
x Contamination:
Paper -
Metal -
Plastic -
Reference(s)
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
Organic -
Other -
Total -
% by weight
% by weight
% by weight
x Size - Gradation:
Upper Limit -
Lower Limit -
Reference(s)
sieve
sieve
% passing by weight
% passing by weight
Moisture Content:
Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
Other Conditions Restricting Usage:
4S5
-------
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Industrial Marbles
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Chemical
Mechanical
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
x Chemical Composition
x Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability,
_ Durability,
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
_ Use Range in Batch
_ Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product
Ref(s)
Abrasiveness
Absorptivity
Adhesiveness
Compactibility
Convenience
Density
Dimensioning
Durability, Chemical
Durability, Mechanical
Expansion
Flammability
Hardness
Light Transmittance
Lubricity
Moisture Content
Permeability
Porosity
Reflectivity
Resiliency
Shrinkage
Skid Resistance
Specific Gravity
Sphericity
Stability
Stain Resistance
Stiffness
Strength
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion
Water Resistance
Water Sensitivity
Workability
Other:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Industrial Marbles '
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Bottle cullet of sufficient hardness
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive -
Negative - Consistency and quality of feedstock is critical to
forming process (rolling)
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive -
Negative -
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
tost and Performance Tradeoffs: •
V
?erformance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
: \ : 457
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Industrial Marbles
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
x Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
_ Established market outside of region
__ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Anacortes (Vitro Aaate)
Locations of Developing Markets -
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Cullet usage would displace non-container glass cullet used
locally.
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics -
Technological Developments -
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure -
Consumer Tastes -
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation -
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CLEAN WASHINGTON CENTER
WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Cover Sheet
Attachments:
I References
I Performance & Specifications Sheets
Cost & Economic Assessment Sheets
Resource Utilization Sheet
f Market Development Assessment Sheet
Revision Date:
Revision 0 4/3/92
1 12/1/92
2
3
Application
Application: Pressed Glass
description: Tableware, aiftware. tiles, and other consumer products
made from molten glass pressed into mold
Application's Product Grouping:
_ Road & Public Works Construction _ Furniture and Office Supplies
_ Building Construction _ Industrial Uses
_ Structural Fill, Landscaping, _ Packaging/Containers
and Recreational Products x Consumer Products
Related Applications: Pressed Glass Tiles
Feedstock
.olor/Source:
x Flint Bottle
x Amber Bottle
x Green Bottle
_ Mixed Color Bottle
_ Non-Container Glass
_ Stained Glass
Condition:
__ Whole Bottles
_ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
_ Finished (Tertiary Processing)
recessing Done By: x Feedstock Supplier
__ Finished Product
Manufacturer
Market Conditions
egional Immediacy:
__ Established application
x Short term (0-2 year)
_ Long term (3-5 years)
__ Not in foreseeable future
Supply Area and Number of Plants:
_ Region, few
x Local, few
_ Local, many
'tablished Market Size and Recycled Content:
Washington market size, tons per year -
Size as % of available recovered feedstock - NA %
Post-consumer recycled content, regional average - 0 %
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Reference Sheet(s) - Sheet 1 of I
Application: Pressed Glass
Available Information Sources
Source(s) Reference Source Source
Number - Allows Being
See Below Use? Developed?
Washington State Specification
National Specification
Other State Specification
City/County Specification
Technical Society Specification
Company Specification
Industry (Association) Specification
Trial Application Results - WA
Trial Application Results - Other
Lab Test Results - WA
Lab Test Results - Other State .
Lab Test Results - Private Lab
Government Report
Academic Article/Book 2 Yes
Trade Article/Book 4
Other (Specify) Market Study 1.3 Yes
References
1: Gainer and Associates. 1990. Recycling Entrepreneurship: Creating
Local Markets for Recycled Materials.
2: McLellan, George W.. and Errol B. Shand. 1984. Glass Engineering
Handbook. Chapters 7 & 8.
3: Gainer and Associates. 1992. Small Scale Manufacturing with
Recycled Glass Gullet; A Rural Demonstration Proiect.
4: Advances in Pressed Glass Manufacture. 1992. Glass (September).
DP. 395-396.
5:
7:
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 1 of 3
Application: Pressed Glass ;
Physical Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply.
Note: The properties under this subheading are the responsibility
the feedstock suppliers/processors. Intrinsic properties of the
feedstock, that cannot be controlled by the suppliers/processors,
are listed under the subheading "Performance Specifications".
x Color Separation: Reference(s)
Percentage Range of Flint Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Amber Glass - % to %
Percentage Range of Green Glass - % to %
x Condition: Reference(s)
_ Whole Bottles
__ Semi-Crushed (Manually Broken)
x Crushed (Mechanically Sized)
__ Finish (Tertiary) Processing
Contamination: Reference(s)
Paper - % by weight Organic - % by weight
Metal - % by weight Other - % by weight
Plastic - % by weight Total - % by weight
Size - Gradation: Reference(s)
Upper Limit - sieve % passing by weight
Lower Limit - sieve % passing by weight
Moisture Content: Reference(s)
Shows no drainage of liquid and is noncaking and free flowing.
Use Conditions
iher Conditions Restrict ing .Usage:
Quality of cullet should be comparable to that for bottle makincr,
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 2 of 3
Application: Pressed Glass
Performance Specifications
Note: An "x" to the left of a property indicates that for this
application specifications for the property apply. An "*" indicates
the property affects performance, but specifications do not cover it.
Feedstock
_ Angularity
_ Brittleness
x Chemical Composition
x Consistency of Supply
_ Density
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Dust Ratio
_ Electrical Conductivity
_ Fracture Properties
_ Grindability
_ Lubricity
_ Permeability
_ Reflectivity
_ Sand Equivalent
_ Specific Gravity
_ Specific Heat
_ Surface Texture
~ Thermal Expansion
_ Toughness
x Use Range in Batch
*. Viscosity
Ref(s) | Finished Product Ref(s)
_ Abrasiveness
_ Absorptivity
_ Adhesiveness
_ Compactibility
_ Convenience
_ Density
_ Dimensioning
_ Durability, Chemical
_ Durability, Mechanical
_ Expansion
__ Flammability
_ Hardness
_ Light Transmittance
_ Lubricity
__ Moisture Content
_ Permeability
_ Porosity
_ Reflectivity
_ Resiliency
_ Shrinkage
_ Skid Resistance
_ Specific Gravity
_ Sphericity
_ Stability
_ Stain Resistance
_ Stiffness
_ Strength
_ Thermal Conductivity
_ Thermal Expansion
_ Water Resistance .
_ Water Sensitivity
_ Workability
Other:marketability
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Specifications and Performance Assessment Sheets - Sheet 3 of 3
Application: Pressed Glass ;
Performance Assessment
Finished Product Performance:
Positive - Comparable to pressed glass made from virgin materials.
New flexible production processes leading to wider array
of products.
Negative -
Effects on Making the Finished Product:
Positive - Process tolerant of variation in batch chemical
composition (color contamination). Green easier to work
with than flint.
Negative - The more automated the process, the greater the volume,
the greater the batch consistency needed.
Safety:
Positive -
Negative -
Environmental Effects:
Positive - Less energy required, fewer emissions
Negative - Air pollutant emissions.
Performance Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs with Alternative Applications:
Higher value-added than bottle making and more tolerant
specfications. but less cullet consumed.
lost and Performance Tradeoffs:
Performance Tradeoffs with Other Recyclable Materials:
— OR?
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Resource Utilization Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Pressed Glass
Feedstock Recovery
Gullet Recovery Rate from Wastestream:
Last year for which numbers are available - 1990
Tons recovered - 42000
Percentage recovered - 34-43 %
Projected recovery for 1995 (50% recovery) - 72000 tons
Bottle Gullet Feedstock Recovery:
Flint Amber Green
As % of bottle cullet - 45 20 25
Tons recovered -
Usable in application? -
19000 9000. 10500
yes yes yes
Mixed
10
4200
no
Amount Recycled
Percentage Recycled Content per Unit:
Percentage - 100 %
Application unit - ton
Weight per application - 1 ton
Application Market Size:
Estimated number of statewide applications per year - 1.500
Estimated amount of cullet that could be used statewide - 1.500
As % of total cullet recovered in 1990 - 3.6 %
As % of available flint cullet: %
As % of available amber cullet: %
As % of available green cullet: %
As % of available mixed cullet: %
Percentage of projected glass recovered in 1995 - 2 %
Alternative Resources
Preservation of Virgin Materials:
Materials - N.A. - not now manufactured
Extent of preservation -
Other Recyclable Commodities in This Application:
Commodity -
Extent of application -
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WASHINGTON GLASS MARKETS TEMPLATE
APPLICATION RECORD
Market Development Assessment Sheet - Sheet 1 of 1
Application: Pressed Glass
Assessment of Current Conditions
Estimation of Value Added:
x High value added _ Low value added
Market Development Stage:
_ Established regional use of cullet
_ Regional market being developed (trials, testing, specifications,
identification of buyers in process)
x Established market outside of region
_ Market development occurring outside of region
_ Application is being tried without research/testing
_ Application is being researched
_ Potential application only (no validation in process)
Market Locations:
Locations of Established Markets - Pennsylvania, Spain. Mexico
Locations of Developing Markets - California
Feasibility of Application:
Yes No Unclear
Technically Feasible - x _ _
Institutionally Feasible x _ _
Economically Feasible - x _ _
Factors Affecting Long Term Market Development
Potential/Risk of Further Development:
Brings $1600/ton of finished product compared to $400/ton for
bottles. Diverse product line from single plant. Flexible process,
Factors Potentially Affecting Market Development:
Economics - Small scale flexibility an advantage. Upgrading easy.
Technological Developments - Automation of process; flexible
Technical Barriers -
Industry Structure - Large'export markets
Consumer Tastes - Green marketing
Incentives to Market Growth -
Regulation - .
-------
GLASS MARKETS INFORMATION SYSTEM
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