HEALTHY AIR
A COMMUNITY AND BUSINESS LEADERS GUIDE
HEALTHY AIR
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HEALTHY AIR
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HEALTHY AIR Your Path to Healthy Air
What is Healthy Air: A Community and Business Leaders Guide?
Healthy Air: A Community and Business Leaders Guide is a collection of non-regulatory,
time-and-cost-saving ideas communities can use to reduce toxic air pollution.
Finding the sources of toxic air pollution in a community can be hard, and understanding
the effects of toxic air pollution from all types of sources in a community can be even harder.
For example, all of the businesses in an area may be doing an excellent job of meeting existing
air quality requirements, and no individual business may be causing a problem. However, when
all types and sources of air toxics are combined, they may result in a serious health or
environmental risk for that community.
EPA, state, local, and Tribal air agencies, community groups, and businesses are trying to
identify and address these risks at the community level. The Healthy Air: A Community and
Business Leaders Guide is designed for just that purpose.
How does Healthy Air: A Community and Business Leaders Guide work?
Healthy Air: A Community and Business Leaders Guide is a collection of information
sheets about ways communities can work together to improve their air quality. It is designed to
be used by community groups and their business partners as a planning guide. The guide
contains:
Reduction measures for different kinds of industrial, commercial, and household
operations.
Specific ways community groups can help.
Separate information sheets for both owner/operators and other community members.
Reference materials for additional information, including: contact information for local
and Regional air agencies, trade associations, and resource centers.
Community groups and business operations that may be looking for ways to reduce toxic
air pollution can use the information sheets to consider making specific changes. Businesses and
consumers who make changes, such as using different processes or materials, can make
significant improvements in local air quality. Many of these changes can also improve
efficiency, cut costs, and save money.
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What emission sources are being developed for inclusion in the notebook?
Auto Body Shops
Commercial Construction Operations
Dry Cleaning Operations
Electroplating Operations
Fiberglass Fabrication Operations
Hospitality Industry (Lodging Sector)
Hospitals
Metal Operations
Nail Salons
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Paint and Coating Stripping Operations
Painting and Coating Operations
Residential Wood Burning
Shipbuilding and Repair Operations
Wood Furniture Operations
How will this material be distributed?
The final version of Healthy Air: A Community and Business Leaders Guide will be
available in the Summer of 2005 and can be downloaded from the EPA Web site at
www.epa.gov/.... Hard copies of Healthy Air: A Community and Business Leaders Guide can
be obtained from EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards library. You can request
a copy by calling 919-541-5514 and asking for document number EPA-453/B-05/001.
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til
HEALTHY AIR
* CMMMI1V * WtHUI* tlAt
Could your family
be affected?
About 287,000 tons of
volatile organic
compounds are emitted
each year from the
50,000 auto body shops
in the U.S.
U.S. EPA
Switching from
conventional to high-
volume, low pressure
(HVLP) spray guns and
using proper spray
techniques can save up
to $13,000 per year at a
shop spraying 15 cars
per week.
U.S. EPA
EPA estimates that 20%
of all volatile organic
compound emissions
from auto body shops
occur during cleanup
operations.
u.s. EPA
9/12/05
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Auto Body Shops
Why do auto body shops need to
reduce air pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
Auto body shops repair, repaint, and
customize cars, trucks, and other
vehicles. Their activities include
sanding, cleaning, and painting, all of
which may release pollutants into the air
and may contribute to health concerns in
the shop and in the community.
The best auto body shops implement
pollution prevention strategies not only
to comply with federal, state, local and
Tribal laws, but also to further minimize
impacts on human health and the
environment. Check with your state,
local, or Tribal agencies for existing
regulations.
What kinds of air pollutants may
come from auto body shops?
Auto body shop operations can
produce emissions of toxic air
pollutants, including metals and
diisocyanates.
Paints, cleaners, and paint strippers
can release some toxic air pollutants
and volatile organic compounds
(VOC). Chemicals in these
substances can also react in the air to
form ground-level ozone (smog),
which has been linked to a number of
respiratory effects.
Lead, chromium, and cadmium are
metals that form particle pollution
during sanding and welding.
Breathing particle pollution can cause
respiratory problems and other
harmful health effects.
Diisocyanates are toxic air pollutants
emitted during painting operations.
These compounds are a leading cause
of occupational asthma.
How can auto body shops reduce air
pollution?
Making changes in shop work
practices can stop pollutants at the
source and increase production
efficiency. By evaluating and improving
work practices, shops can decrease
emissions, reduce production costs, and
protect employee and public health.
Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:
Substituting Materials
Use less toxic materials. For
example, use water-borne paints
which minimize the need for cleaning
solvents.
Use alternative cleaners such as
water-borne, alkaline, or microbial
cleaners.
Training Operators in Skill and Safety
Train technicians in proper spray
application techniques to reduce
emissions and enhance the quality of
the paint finish.
Training also will reduce worker
exposure to toxic air pollutants.
34 out of 40 Philadelphia shops made significant pollution reductions by
identifying and using the best work practices, technologies, and
cost factors for each.
U.S. EPA Design for the Environment
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COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Auto Body Shops
9/12/05
Replacing Equipment
Replace old equipment with more efficient equipment,
such as high-volume low-pressure (HVLP) spray
guns, ventilated sanders, and enclosed cleaning
systems that reduce solvent and paint emissions.
As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from auto body shops?
Make Connections
Get to know local auto body shop owners and
operators because they know best about the materials
and processes used in their business and the
regulations with which they must comply.
Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
more public involvement.
Make a Plan
One idea is to form a work group that includes auto
body shop owners and operators to develop and
implement workable pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
Use the "For Further Information" list below to find
governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
provide help with analysis, technical information,
equipment, and funding.
Sponsor Training and Translation
Improved skills lead to reduced paint usage and
exposure for workers.
Small shops may need funding in order to attend or
provide training.
For some ethnic minority groups, language may be a
barrier. Sponsor translation of pollution prevention
materials into languages commonly spoken by owners
and employees.
Reward Shops
Use media connections to provide coverage for
successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
increased business.
Present pollution prevention certificates to shops that
reduce pollution.
Be an Informed Consumer
Patronize shops that implement pollution prevention
strategies.
Check with your insurance company to see if they
know of shops that practice pollution prevention.
For Further Information
Automotive Service Association: www.asashop.org, (800) 272-7467
National Automobile Dealers Association, www.nada.org, (800) 252-6232
Automotive Aftermarket Industry Association: www.aftermarkel.org, (301) 654-6664
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive
Information specific to auto body shops: Best Practices and Outreach Kit, "Virtual Auto Body Shop" for cost
calculations, equipment, technology & training information, access to sources of funding, and other assistance:
www.epa.gov/dfe/projects/auto
Painting techniques: Iowa Waste Reduction Center, 800-422-3109 and www.iwrc.org/programs/STAR.cfin
Toxicity of paints and solvents: Paint suppliers, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air
Toxics Health Effects Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.htmf)
Training opportunities: Automotive trade associations
Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities, example: www.deq.state.or.us/
aq/Factsheets/04-NWR-009-EcoBizAuto.pdf
Shops practicing pollution prevention: Auto insurance companies
For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
fit
2
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HEALTHY AIR
Could your family
be affected?
One shop installed a
vacuum sanding system
for $9,000. Since
installation, the shop has
saved over $7,000 a
year because of
reductions in cleanup
costs.
Peaks to Prairies Pollution
Prevention Information
Center
Switching from
conventional to HVLP
spray guns and using
proper spray techniques
can save up to $13,000
per year at a shop
spraying 15 cars a week.
U.S. EPA Design for the
Environment
OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Auto Body Shops
Why should my auto body shop
reduce air pollution?
People who arc exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source. For
example, using a professional laundry
service to wash work clothes can reduce
the chance of workers bringing
potentially toxic particle pollution (dust)
home to their families.
Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, paint and
solvent usage, and the cost of air
pollution controls.
You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, or Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.
Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my auto body shop?
Auto body shop operations can
produce emissions of toxic air
pollutants, including metals and
diisocyanatcs.
Average conventional spray gun cost: $30 to $40
Average HVLP gun cost: $500
Average conventional gun transfer efficiency: 30% to 60%
Average HVLP gun transfer efficiency: 70%
Material savings when using HVLP gun: At least 30%
University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension
Paints, cleaners, and paint strippers
can release some toxic air pollutants
and volatile organic compounds
(VOC). Chemicals in these
substances can react in the air to form
ground-level ozone (smog), which
has been linked to a number of
respiratory effects.
Lead, chromium, and cadmium are
metals that form particle pollution
during sanding and welding.
Breathing particle pollution can cause
respiratory problems and other
harmful health effects.
Diisocyanatcs arc toxic air pollutants
emitted during painting operations.
These compounds arc a leading cause
of occupational asthma.
How can I reduce air pollution from
my auto body shop?
Reduce the Use of Solvent Cleaners
Use an enclosed solvent gun washing
system to reduce evaporation when
cleaning equipment. It can decrease
costs by cutting the amount of
solvent used for cleaning by more
than 50%, the labor time by 60%, and
air pollution by 70% to 90%.
Turn off the parts cleaner when not in
use. This reduces solvent
evaporation.
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OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
Auto Body Shops
9/12/2005
Instead of cleaning with solvents, use a water-based
cleaning system such as hot soap washers. These
systems eliminate the costly purchase of chlorinated
solvents. This can save up to 95% in operation costs.
Make sure your local water system can treat the
wastewater from this type of cleaning system.
Recycle old solvent by using an on-site distillation
unit. Reclaiming spent solvents on-site reduces the
amount of solvent you send off-site for treatment and
the amount of fresh solvent you have to buy.
Reduce Paint Use
Use high-volume low-pressure (HVLP) spray guns
instead of conventional spray guns. These guns cost
more than conventional spray guns, but using HVLP
spray guns reduces labor time and product costs as
well as pollution.
Train technicians to use good spray application
techniques to improve transfer efficiency. A higher
transfer efficiency saves paint, leads to reduced
application time, and decreases worker exposure to
toxic air pollutants.
Minimize waste and spills when mixing paint.
Reduce vapors and waste by using air-tight
containers. Open containers only when adding or
pouring liquid.
Use Less-Toxic Paints and Solvents
If possible, use less-toxic, water-borne, or higher-
solids paints. Switching to water-borne paints may
require more preparation and drying time, but it
minimizes the need for cleaning solvents.
Choose solvents with low toxic air pollutant and
VOC content. Use water-based, alkaline, or
microbial cleaners.
Minimize Dust From Sanding Operations
Use a vacuum sander to collect dust during sanding
operations. Vacuum sanders reduce exposure to toxic
air pollutants and particle pollution; they also
minimize dust settling onto freshly painted surfaces.
For example, one Minnesota shop that installed a
vacuum sander reduced the frequency of air filter
changes and decreased the amount of sandpaper
used.
Leave work clothes and shoes at the shop. Have
clothes cleaned by a professional laundering service.
It's best not to eat or drink food left in the work area
because particle pollution can contaminate these
items. Also, do not smoke in the work area because
you may swallow dust through hand-to-mouth
contact.
Upgrade Your Shop's Equipment
Several tools are available to assist you in
determining whether you can upgrade the
equipment in your shop. The Web site for one cost
calculator is www.iwrc.org/programs/calcs.cfin.
This calculator enables you to determine whether it
would be beneficial to upgrade to a HVLP spray
gun, on-site distillation unit, or automatic gunwash
system.
If you decide to upgrade your shop's equipment,
check with your state or local pollution prevention
office for funding possibilities.
Are HVLP spray guns really better?
Yes. HVLP guns are better if technicians are trained
properly. Toxic air pollutant and VOC emissions
released during a painting operation relate directly to
the skill of the spray gun operator.
Properly used, HVLP spray guns often result in a
higher transfer efficiency, reducing costs and worker
exposure to toxic air pollutants.
Where can I find out about training?
For training information, contact the Iowa Waste
Reduction Center about their Spray Techniques and
Analysis Research (STARฎ) program, your local,
state, or Tribal pollution prevention office, auto body
trade associations, or spray equipment suppliers.
What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
Your community may already have groups working
for cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be
very helpful to these groups.
Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested businesses. A list of these
small business assistance programs can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
Also, sponsor employee awards for good ideas,
great efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention.
For example, you could provide a cash award for
workers who implement a work practice that reduces
both costs and pollution.
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HEALTHY AIR
ป commit i KIIIISS UMIII iiiiii
Could your family
be affected?
By requiring employees
to use an enclosed gun
wash system and by
monitoring the amount of
lacquer thinner used, a
shop in Colorado
reduced the amount of
solvent waste generated
and saved $3,600 per
year in material and
waste disposal costs.
Colorado Department of
Public Health and
Environment Pollution
Prevention Program
By switching from
conventional to high
volume low-pressure
spray guns, one body
shop reduced its paint
usage by 30% per car.
U.S. EPA Design for the
Environment
Resources
Automotive Service Association: www.asashop.org, (800) 272-7467
National Automobile Dealers Association, www.nada.org, (800) 252-6232
Automotive Aftermarket Industry Association: www.qftermarket.org,
(301)654-6664
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Information specific to auto body shops: Best Practices and Outreach Kit, "Virtual
auto body shop" for cost calculations, equipment, technology & training informa-
tion, access to sources of funding, and other assistance: www.epa.gov/dfe/projects/
auto
Small Businesses: www.epa.gov/smallbusiness
Calculator: www.iwrc.org/programs/calcs.cfm
Iowa Waste Reduction Center STARฎ Program: www.iwrc.org/programs/STAR.cfm,
(800)422-3109
Pollution Prevention Opportunities for Autobody Shops :
www.peakstoprairies. org/topichub/toc. cfm ?hub=58&subsec= 78&nav= 7
Autobody Shop Waste Reduction and Management: www.mntap.umn.edu/
VEHICLE/28-CollRepair.htm
Pollution Prevention Opportunities for Automotive Repair Shops: www.pprc.org/
pprc/sbap/autorep/regfact. html
Toxicity of Paints and Solvents
Paint suppliers
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): wvw.epa.gov/iris
Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html
The EPA Design for Environment (DfE) conducted a pilot project with
partner shops in the Philadelphia area to identify best practices and
technologies, costs, and benefits. Recently, DfE tested the effectiveness
of its hands-on approach in 40 Pennsylvania shops that volunteered to
host a confidential site visit. As a direct result of these visits, more than
75% of the shops made environmentally beneficial changes.
U.S. EPA Design for the Environment
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Auio Body Shops
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HEALTHY AIR
Could your family
be affected?
In the United States,
about 70% of all dry
cleaners use
perchloroethylene, a
known toxic air pollutant,
as the cleaning solvent.
International Fabricare
Institute
The Cleaner
Technologies Substitute
Assessment for
Professional Fabricare
Processes is a technical
report that presents
relative risk, cost, and
performance information
on existing and new
cleaning technologies.
U.S. EPA
Design for the Environment
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Dry Cleaning Operations
9/12/2005
Why do dry cleaning operations
need to reduce air pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
Dry cleaning operations offer garment
cleaning services to consumers and
commercial businesses. Their activities
include cleaning, drying, stain removal,
and finishing, all of which may release
pollutants into the air and may contribute
to health concerns in the shop and in the
community.
The best dry cleaners implement
pollution prevention strategies not only
to comply with federal, state, local, and
Tribal laws but also to further minimize
impacts on human health and the
environment. Check with your state,
local, and Tribal agencies for existing
regulations.
What kinds of air pollutants may
come from dry cleaning
operations?
The main source of air toxics from
dry cleaners is the solvent used in the
cleaning process. The most
commonly used solvents are
perchloroethylene and petroleum
solvents.
Perchloroethylene is a known toxic
air pollutant. While federal, state,
local, and Tribal regulations limit the
amount of emissions from dry
cleaners, dangerous releases of toxic
air pollutants can occur if a dry
cleaner does not operate in
compliance with regulations.
Petroleum solvents used in dry
cleaning operations can release some
toxic air pollutants and volatile
organic compounds (VOC).
Chemicals in these substances can
react in the air to form ground-level
ozone (smog), which has been linked
to a number of respiratory effects.
How can dry cleaners reduce air
pollution?
Making changes in dry cleaning work
practices can stop pollutants at the
source and increase production
efficiency. By evaluating and improving
work practices, dry cleaners can
decrease emissions, reduce production
costs, and protect employee and public
health.
Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:
Lowering Emissions at the Source
Minimize emissions through good
work practices such as covering
containers, preventing spills, and
using closed solvent containers and
delivery units.
Maintain equipment to avoid excess
leaks and evaporation.
Use equipment properly.
Changing Technologies
Change to technologies such as wet
cleaning, liquid carbon dioxide, and
silicone-based cleaning machines.
Wet cleaning processes use water and
natural soaps to clean clothes that
typically require dry cleaning. Be
aware that wet cleaning can result in
increased labor time and can result in
shrinkage for some fabrics.
Liquid CC>2 cleaning technology
eliminates cleaning with solvents.
Silicone-based cleaning machines do
not contain any toxic air pollutants or
VOC and are odorless and affordable.
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COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Dry Cleaning Operations
9/12/2005
As a community, what can you do to help reduce
air pollution from dry cleaning operations?
Make Connections
Get to know local dry cleaners because they know best
about the materials and processes used in their
businesses and the regulations with which they must
comply.
Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
updates. Publicity can reward success and attract more
public involvement.
Make a Plan
One idea is to form a work group that includes local
dry cleaners to develop and implement workable
pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
Use the "For Further Information" list below to find
governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
provide help with analysis, technical information,
equipment, and funding.
Sponsor Training and Translation
Small shops may need funding in order to attend or
provide training.
Improved skills lead to less exposure for workers.
Sponsor translation of pollution prevention materials
to languages commonly spoken by owners and
operators.
Reward Shops
Use media connections to provide coverage for
successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
increased business.
Visibly displayed awards or certificates may also
increase business.
For Further Information
International Fabricare Institute: www.ifl.org, (800) 638-2627
International Dry Cleaners Congress: www.idcnews.org
Neighborhood Cleaners Association: www.nca-i.com
ป Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Dry Cleaners: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/dryperc/dryclpg.html
Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
Information specific to dry cleaners: U.S. EPA Design for the Environment: www.epa.gov/dfe/projects/garment/
index.htm
Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
Toxicity of solvents: Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air Toxics Health Effects Note-
books (www.epa.gov/ttn/afw/hapindex.html)
Indiana 5-Star Environmental Recognition Program for Dry Cleaners: www.in.gov/idem/ctap/cleaners/5stindex.html
For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
The Indiana 5-Star Environmental Recognition Program for Dry Cleaners is a voluntary program
that ranks participating dry cleaners on a scale ofl to 5 stars. The program recognizes those dry
cleaners willing to do more for the environment and worker safety than the rules require. The
Indiana Department of Environmental Management announces awards on a quarterly basis. Many
shops have found this to be a very beneficial advertising and marketing tool.
Indiana Office of Pollution Prevention and Environmental
Assistance
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HEALTHY AIR
Could your family
be affected?
In the United States,
about 70% of all dry
cleaners use
perchloroethylene, a
known toxic air pollutant,
as the cleaning solvent.
International Fabricare
Institute
A dry cleaner can reduce
perchloroethylene use by
70% by converting from
transfer equipment to a
closed-loop dry-to-dry
system. For a typical dry
cleaner, this would result
in a savings of about
$1,100 per year.
Washington State
Departmental
Ecology
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Dry Cleaning Operations
Why should my dry cleaning
operation prevent air pollution?
People who arc exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source. For
example, ensuring proper drying time
minimizes air pollution.
Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, solvent
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.
Why should I be concerned about
air pollution from my dry cleaning
operation?
The main source of toxic air
pollutants from dry cleaners is the
solvent used in the cleaning process.
The most commonly used solvents
are perchloroethylcne and petroleum
solvents.
Perchlorocthylenc is a known toxic
air pollutant. While federal, state,
local, and Tribal regulations limit the
amount of emissions from dry
cleaners, dangerous releases of toxic
air pollutants can occur if a dry
cleaner does not operate in
compliance with regulations.
Petroleum solvents used in dry
cleaning operations can release some
toxic air pollutants and volatile
organic compounds (VOC).
Chemicals in these substances can
react in the air to form ground-level
ozone (smog), which has been linked
to a number of respiratory effects.
How can I reduce air pollution
from my dry cleaning operation?
Lower Emissions at the Source
Check hoses, couplings, pumps,
valves, and gaskets frequently for
leaks. Use a halogcnatcd leak
detector to help identify leaks. These
detectors usually cost about $250.
Repair leaks promptly.
Allow drying cycle to complete
before opening the door. "Short
cycling" reduces the effectiveness of
solvent recovery equipment and
increases fugitive emissions of
solvents from the machine.
Replace cartridge filters with spin
disk filters that can be cleaned
without opening.
Cover containers of solvents to
reduce solvent loss from evaporation
and fugitive emissions of toxic air
pollutants and VOC. This reduces
worker exposure and releases of
these pollutants to the outside air.
Prevent spills by dispensing materials
with spigots and pumps.
An on-site distillation unit may recover as much as 90% oj solvents
used. This reduces solvent purchases and disposal costs.
U.S. EPA
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OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
Dry CJeaning Operations
9/12/2005
Modify Processes
Reduce process vent emissions by using a closed-
loop dry-to-dry machine with a refrigerated
condenser. The addition of a carbon adsorber can
further reduce emissions by recovering solvents.
Load the machine properly. Overloading reduces the
effectiveness of solvent recovery equipment.
Underloading makes less efficient use of the solvent.
Recover solvents from filter cartridges by draining
the filters for 24 hours in the filter housing to capture
additional solvent before disposal.
Install spill containment structures under and around
your dry cleaning machine.
Evaluate investment in a closed-loop dry-to-dry
machine or other innovative cleaning technologies.
Compare initial costs with savings, over time, in
lower raw material and hazardous disposal costs.
Recycle Materials
Install equipment, such as refrigerated condensers, to
recover solvent from the dry cleaning process.
Change Technologies
Change to technologies such as wet cleaning, liquid
CO2, and silicone-based cleaning machines.
Wet cleaning processes use water and detergent to
clean clothes that typically require dry cleaning.
Liquid CO2 technology is non-toxic, non-
combustible, and does not contribute to toxic air
pollutant and VOC emissions.
Silicone-based cleaning machines do not contain
any toxic air pollutants or VOC and are odorless
and affordable.
Why should I consider changing processes?
Changing your dry cleaning process to upgrade
equipment, or switching to alternative garment
cleaning processes, can be relatively inexpensive and
can result in cost savings and dramatic pollution
reduction. Case studies show that replacing transfer
equipment, or converting to closed-loop machines,
can save up to 70% of your perchloroethylene use and
pay back the investment in as little as 3 years.
What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
Your community may already have groups working
for cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be
very helpful to these groups.
Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested businesses. A list of these
small business assistance programs can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example, you could provide a cash award for workers
who implement a work practice that reduces both
costs and pollution.
The Cleaner Technologies Substitute Assessment for Professional Fabricare Processes is a
technical report that presents relative risk, cost, and performance information on existing and new
cleaning technologies.
U.S. EPA Design for the Environment
By switching to a petroleum-based dry cleaning machine, a Maine dry cleaner reduced its waste by
90% and its operating costs by $10,000. Its solvent consumption dropped from 800 gallons per
year to 200 gallons per year.
Maine Department of Environmental Protection
-------
HEALTHY AIR
* tOปซgilII > IHSIIISi 1IUIM (Dili
Could your family
be affected?
The Indiana 5-Star
Environmental Program
for Dry Cleaners is a
voluntary program that
ranks participating dry
cleaners on a scale of
one to five stars. The
program recognizes those
dry cleaners willing to do
more for the environment
and worker safety than
the rules require. Many
shops have found this to
be a very beneficial
advertising and marketing
tool.
Indiana Office of Pollution
Prevention and Technical
Assistance
A refrigerated condenser
can reduce emissions
from transfer machines by
85% and from dry-to-dry
machines by 95%. Also,
replacing transfer
equipment or converting
to closed-loop machines
can reduce
perchloroethylene use by
up to 80% and pay back
the investment in as little
as 3 years.
Hawaii Department of
Health
Resources
International Fabricare Institute: www.ifl.org, (800) 638-2627
International Dry Cleaners Congress: www.idcnews.org
Neighborhood Cleaners Association: www.nca-i.com
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Dry Cleaners:
www. epa.gov/ttn/atw/dryperc/dryclpg. html
Dry Cleaning Industry Sector Notebook: www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/
publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/dry.html
Indiana 5-Star Environmental Recognition Program for Dry Cleaners: www.in.gov/
idem/ctap/cleaners/5stindex.html
Fact sheet: www.cdphe.state.co.us/el/Documents/DryClean/4DCFactSht.pdf
Dry Cleaning in the 90s: www.iwrc.org/pubs/dc.pdf
Waste minimization: www.state.hi.us/health/environmental/compliance/sb_library/
drycleanwastemin.pdf
U.S. EPA Design for the Environment
Garment and Textile Care Partnership: www.epa.gov/oppt/dfe/projects/garment/
index.htm
Case study: www.epa.gov/oppt/dfe/pubs/garment/wsgc/wetclean.pdf
Training curriculum: www.epa.gov/oppt/dfe/pubs/garment/techjrep/clothes.pdf
Guides
Pollution prevention guide: www.dnrec.state.de.us/DREC/p2/DryClean.htm
Pollution Prevention Dry Cleaning Operations: Pinellas County Department of En-
vironmental Management, Pinellas County, Florida: www.pinellascounty.org/
Environment/pagesHTML/PollutionPrevent/p2r2PDFs/mangmentPDFIndustry/
DrycleanBooklet.pdf, 727-464-4761
Dry Cleaning Guide: www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0104018.pdf
Pressing Concerns: A Complete Guidebook to Environmental Compliance for Colo-
rado Dry Cleaners: www.cdphe.state.co.us/el/ecac/dcguide/
Dry_Cleaner_Guidebook. html
A Guide for Perc Dry Cleaners: www.state.hi.us/health/environmental/compliance/
sb library/dryclean perc guide.pdf
Toxicity of Solvents
Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/hapindex.html
-------
Dry Clcaninu
-------
HEALTHY AIR
Could your family
be affected?
The Merit Partnership
is a joint venture
between U.S. EPA
Region 9, state, and
local regulatory
agencies, private
sector industries, and
community
representatives. The
partnership was
created to promote
pollution prevention,
identify pollution
prevention technology
needs, and accelerate
pollution prevention
technology transfer
within various
industries, including
metal finishing.
The Merit Partnership
Pollution Prevention
Project for Metal
Finishers involves
implementing pollution
prevention techniques
and technologies at
metal finishing
facilities in southern
California. Participants
document and share
their results. For more
information, see the
website under the "For
Further Information"
section.
u.s. EPA
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Electroplating Operations
9/12/2005
Why do electroplating shops need to
reduce air pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
Electroplating is a type of metal
finishing operation that changes the
surface properties of a metal part to
make it stronger, shinier, and corrosion-
resistant. Activities at electroplating
shops include surface preparation,
surface treatment, and post-plating
treatment, all of which may release
pollutants into the air and may contribute
to health concerns in the shop and in the
community.
The best electroplating shops
implement pollution prevention
strategies not only to comply with
federal, state, local, and Tribal laws but
also to further minimize impacts on
human health and the environment.
Check with your state, local, and Tribal
agencies for existing regulations.
What kinds of air pollutants may
come from electroplating shops?
Electroplating operations can
produce emissions of toxic air
pollutants, including heavy metals
and cyanide.
Degreasing and cleaning solutions
can release toxic air pollutants and
volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Chemicals in these substances can
react in the air to form ground-level
ozone (smog), which has been linked
to a number of respiratory effects.
Plating processes generate heavy
metals such as hexavalent chromium
and cadmium. While federal, state,
local, and Tribal regulations limit the
amount of emissions from
electroplating shops, dangerous
releases of toxic air pollutants can
occur if an electroplating shop is not
in compliance with regulations.
Cyanide has been a key component
of plating solutions for years. It can
impact the nervous system, heart, and
lungs.
How can electroplating shops reduce
air pollution?
Making changes in shop work
practices can stop pollutants at the
source and increase production
efficiency. By evaluating and improving
work practices, shops can decrease
emissions, reduce production costs, and
protect employee and public health.
Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:
Substituting Materials
Use cleaners with low toxic air
pollutant and VOC content.
For chromium electroplaters, switch
from hexavalent chromium solutions,
which can cause cancer, to trivalent
chromium ones, which do not.
Replace cyanide in plating solutions
with less toxic compounds like zinc
chloride and pyro-phosphate copper.
Switching to a water-based cleaning solution can reduce air emissions,
reduce air permit fees, and create a more pleasant work environment.
One company saved $8,440 per year.
Kansas Small Business Environmental
Assistance Program
-------
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Electroplating Operations
9/12/2005
Make a Plan
One idea is to form a work group that includes
local owners and operators to develop and
implement workable pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
Use the "For Further Information" list below to
find governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
provide help with analysis, technical information,
equipment, and funding.
Encourage Pollution Prevention
Work with pollution prevention organizations to
educate metal electroplating shop owners and
operators about ways to prevent pollution.
Help sponsor trade show exhibits and training
workshops to show the latest pollution prevention
technologies.
Reward Shops
Use media connections to provide coverage for
successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
increased business.
Visibly displayed awards or certificates may also
increase business.
Changing Cleaning Procedures
Use cleaning procedures that reduce the amount of
solvent needed.
Recycling Materials
Use an on-site distillation unit to recycle solvents.
Use old solvent for cleaning very dirty parts.
Reuse plating bath solution and rinse water.
Changing Processes
Use alternative metal deposition technologies to
reduce or eliminate toxic air pollutant emissions.
Reduce the chemical concentration of the plating
bath without compromising quality.
Use mechanical scraping instead of a chemical
solution to remove buildup on the part.
As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from electroplating shops?
Make Connections
Get to know local electroplating shop owners and
operators because they know best about the materials
and processes used in their business and the
regulations with which they must comply.
Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
more public involvement.
For Further Information
National Association of Metal Finishers: www.namf.org, (407) 281-6445
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Chromium Electroplating:
www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/chrome/chromepg.html
Community Information Sheet for Metal Operations.
EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Metal Finishing Sector:
www.epa.gov/sectors/metalfinishing/index.html
Training opportunities: Local electroplating operations trade associations, area electroplating schools
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
Toxicity of Solvents: Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air Toxics Health Effects
Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)
Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org
Merit Partnership: www.sectorstar.org/sector/MetalFinishing/showProgram.cfin?pid=130
For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
-------
HEALTHY AIR
> comiinr mints lions igiil
Could your family
be affected?
One electroplating
shop switched from a
vapor degreaser parts
washing system that
used solvents to a
water-based power
washing system. It
saves approximately
$12,600 per year and
has reduced toxic air
emissions by 90%.
Pollution Prevention
Resource Center
One electroplating
shop replaced their
toxic cleaning solvent
with a water-based
solution. This
completely eliminated
toxic air emissions,
reduced air permit
fees, and created a
more pleasant work
environment.
Annual savings:
$8,440 per year
Kansas Small
Business
Environmental
Assistance
Program
One firm used a low-
concentration plating
solution in 5 nickel
tanks and saved
$1,300 in disposal and
feedstock costs.
U.S. EPA
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Electroplating Operations
Why should my electroplating
shop reduce air pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutant at sufficient concentrations, for
sufficient durations, may increase their
chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source.
For example, covering containers of
cleaning solvents prevents vapors from
affecting your employees.
Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.
Why should I be concerned about
air pollution from my
electroplating shop?
Electroplating operations can
produce emissions of toxic air
pollutants, including heavy metals
and cyanide.
Degreasing and cleaning solutions
can release toxic air pollutants and
volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Chemicals in these substances can
react in the air to form ground-level
ozone (smog), which has been linked
to a number of respiratory effects.
Plating processes generate heavy
metals such as hexavalent chromium
and cadmium. While federal, state,
local, and Tribal regulations limit the
amount of emissions from
electroplating shops, dangerous
releases of toxic air pollutants can
occur if an electroplating shop is not
in compliance with regulations.
Cyanide has been a key component
of plating solutions for years. It can
impact the nervous system, heart, and
lungs.
How can I reduce air pollution
from my electroplating shop?
Substitute Materials
Use cleaners such as water-based
cleaners that have a lower toxic air
pollutant and VOC content.
Use degreasing solvents with a lower
toxic air pollutants and VOC content.
If you are a chromium electroplater,
switch from hexavalent chromium-
bearing solutions, which can cause
cancer, to trivalent chromium ones,
which do not cause cancer.
Replace the cyanide in plating
solutions with less toxic compounds
like zinc chloride and pyro-phosphate
copper.
Lower Emissions at the Source
Cover containers of cleaning solvents
and used shop towels. This will
reduce emissions of toxic air
pollutants and VOC as well as the
EPA's Sector Strategies Program has an Environmental Management
System (EMS) available for electroplating shops to use. An EMS helps
electroplating shops integrate environmental decision making into day-
to-day operations.
u.s. EPA
-------
OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
Electroplating Operations
9/12/2005
amount of solvent lost to evaporation. This reduces
the amount of new solvent purchased.
Securely cover all containers to reduce the chance of
spills when transferring materials.
Use funnels or pumps to avoid spills when
dispensing materials.
Install ventilation hoods over plating baths to help
protect workers from evaporative plating solutions.
Change Cleaning Procedures
Mandate a "clean as you go" policy to reduce the
amount of solvent needed for removing heavy build-
up.
Mechanically clean parts with a wire brush or
sandblasting equipment to reduce solvent use.
Use old solvent as a pre-wash or wipe for cleaning
equipment or parts.
Switch to a water-based cleaning system like
ultrasonic cleaners, manual parts washers, automatic
spray equipment, steam cleaners, or baths with
agitation.
Clean parts with hot water and detergent at high
pressures in a pressurized washer.
Recycle Materials
Use an on-site distillation unit to clean dirty cleaning
liquid. This makes the solvent available for reuse in
the production process. An on-site distillation
reduces the costs of both solvent disposal and fresh
solvent purchase.
Use old solvent for cleaning very dirty parts.
Reuse plating bath solution and rinse water.
Reduce bath dumps by continuously filtering bath
solutions.
Change Production Processes
Review and streamline production processes to
reduce overall cleaning solvent and degreaser use.
For example, evaluate your solvent quality,
consolidate parts washing processes, and service
units only when necessary. These steps can greatly
reduce solvent waste.
Lower emissions of toxic air pollutants such as
cyanide, chromium and other heavy metals by using
alternative electrocoating technologies like thermal
spray coating, vapor deposition, and chemical
vapor deposition.
Minimize chemical usage and its associated
emissions by using the lowest concentration of
chemicals in the bath that will produce the desired
results.
If possible, use mechanical scraping instead of a
chemical solution to remove undesired buildup on
the metal.
Change baths and rinses based on bath/rinse
quality, not to meet an arbitrary schedule.
What do I need to consider before converting
to alternative plating processes?
Converting to alternative plating processes may
result in high costs from research and development
and new equipment, but these alternative processes
often reduce operating costs.
Some alternative processes may be more labor
intensive, which results in higher labor costs, but these
processes can significantly reduce the amount of toxic
air pollutants emitted.
Check with your state, local, or Tribal pollution
prevention office for funding possibilities.
What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
Your community may already have groups working
for cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be
very helpful to these groups.
Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested businesses. A list of these
small business assistance programs can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbuslness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example, you could provide a cash award for workers
who implement a work practice that reduces both
costs and pollution.
-------
HEALTHY AIR
tOซปUIIIT ปlป lUIIHf > IUIII1 IB1II
Could your family
be affected?
One company uses
active carbon filtration
to regenerate plating
baths.
Capital costs: $9,192
Maintenance costs:
$7,973/yr
Reduction in plating
bath disposal and
fresh chemicals
purchased: 47%
Savings from reduced
waste disposal: $67,420
Savings in chemical
purchases: $55,000
Illinois Waste
Management
and Research
Center
P2/Finance is a user-
friendly series of free
software programs
designed to help
business people analyze
the costs of pollution
prevention, energy
efficiency, and other
projects to enhance
resource efficiency. It
enables the user to
compare costs/savings
of business-as-usual
practices with
alternative scenarios.
Tellus Institute
.
- "-f
Resources
National Association of Metal Finishers: www.namf.org, (407) 281-6445
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Chromium Electroplat-
ing: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/chrome/chromepg.html
Owner/Operator Information Sheet for Metal Operations.
EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Metal Finishing Sector:
www. epa.gov/sectors/metalfmishing/index. html
Fabricated metal products sector notebook:
www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/fabm
etsn.pdf
U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development Capsule Report: Approaching Zero
Discharge in Surface Finishing. EPA 625/R-99/008, November 2000. Guidance on
controls and process changes: www.pfonline.com/magJmages/625R99008AZD.pdf
P2/Finance (Tellus Institute): www.tellus.org/b&s/software/p2.html
Electroplating and metal finishing: www.cdphe.state.co.us/ap/P2/el_met.htm
Plating process:
www.wmrc.uiuc.edu/main_sections/info_services/library_docs/manuals/fmishing/pl
ating.htm
Electroplating and metal finishing industry:
www.engext.ksu.edu/ppi/publications/manual/Metalfinish/contents.html
Options for industry: www.dep.state.ct.us/wst/p2/industry/optindex.htm
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Topic Hubs
Metal fabrication and machining:
vitvw. newmoa. org/prevention/topichub/toc. cfin ?hub=23 &subsec7&nav=7
Machining and metal fabrication:
www.pprc.org/hubs/subsection.cfm?hub=23&subsec=4&nav-4
Plating: www.pprc.org/hubs/subsection.cfm?hub=24&subsec=4&nav=4
Toxicity of Solvents
Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html
Alternatives
Finding an Alternative to Solvent Degreasing:
www.pprc.org/cpc/Contents/Baseline/EPA%20Publications/Solvent%20Degreasing
%20Alternatives.pdf
Biochemical substitutions:
www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/library/admin/uploadedfiles/BiochemicalJSubstituti
on_in_the_Metal_Plating_. html
Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org
-------
lilccti opiating
Operations
-------
HEALTHY AIR
Could your family
be affected?
A study in Minnesota
showed a potential
emission reduction of
approximately 30% from
implementing pollution
prevention techniques at
fiberglass fabrication
facilities.
Minnesota Office of
Environmental
Assistance
The Robert C. Byrd
Institute for Advanced
Flexible Manufacturing
provides statewide and
regional access to
advanced technology
and technical training for
small and medium-sized
manufacturers.
Robert C. Byrd
Institute
9/12/05
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Fiberglass Fabrication Operations
Why do fiberglass fabrication
operations need to reduce air
pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
Fiberglass fabrication operations
produce many kinds of products,
including tubs, showers, spas, car and
truck accessories, boats, and storage
bins. Activities at fiberglass fabrication
operations include mold preparation, gel
coating, laminating, equipment cleaning,
systems operations, and finishing
operations, all of which may release
pollutants into the air and may contribute
to health concerns in the operation and in
the community.
The best fiberglass fabrication
operations implement pollution
prevention strategies not only to comply
with federal, state, local, and Tribal laws
but also to further minimize impacts on
human health and the environment.
Check with your state, local, or Tribal
agencies for existing regulations.
What kinds of air pollutants may
come from fiberglass fabrication
operations?
Fiberglass fabrication operations can
produce emissions of toxic air
pollutants, including styrene.
The primary pollutant at most
operations is styrene, which is
present in resins and gel coats. A
portion of the styrene evaporates
during the curing process.
Paints, thinners, solvents, and
adhesives can release some toxic air
pollutants and volatile organic
compounds (VOC). Chemicals in
these substances can react in the air to
form ground level ozone (smog),
which has been linked to a number of
respiratory effects.
How can fiberglass fabrication
operations help reduce air
pollution?
Making changes in operation work
practices can stop pollutants at the source.
By evaluating and improving these work
practices, operations can decrease
emissions, reduce production costs, and
protect employee and public health.
Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution are:
Improving System Design
Improve production system design to
minimize waste and exposure of resin
to the air.
Switch from manual operation to
robotics to increase efficiency.
Change to more efficient spray
technologies.
Changing Raw Materials
Use resins and gel coats that contain
less styrene.
Use vapor-suppressed or ultraviolet-
cured resins.
Reducing Exposure to Solvent
Cover solvent containers.
Separate wastes to simplify solvent
recycling.
-------
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Fiberglass Fabrication
9/12/05
As a community, what can you do to help
reduce air pollution from fiberglass fabrication
operations?
Make Connections.
Get to know local fiberglass fabrication operations
because they know best about the materials and
processes used in their business and the regulations
with which they must comply.
Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
more public involvement.
Make a Plan
One idea is to form a work group that includes local
owners and operators to develop and implement
workable pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
Use the "For Further Information" list below to
find governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
provide help with analysis, technical information,
equipment, and funding.
Encourage Pollution Prevention
Encourage or sponsor training for employees of
local fiberglass operations.
Reward Shops
Use media connections to provide coverage for
successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
increased business.
Visibly displayed awards or certificates may also
increase business.
For Further Information
American Composites Manufacturers Association: www.acmanet.org, (703) 525-0511
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
Pollution prevention awards: State, local, or Tribal government agencies, universities
Spray Training: American Composite Manufacturers Association: www.acmanet.org/intJex.cftn
Toxicity of Solvents: Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air Toxics Health Effects
Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)
Indiana Department of Environmental Management: www.in.gov/idem/oppta/index.html
Robert C. Byrd Institute for Advanced Flexible Manufacturing: www.rcbi.org
For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/foam/foampg.html
Flexible Polyurethane Foam Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/foam2/foam2pg.html
The Indiana Department of Environmental Management works with local
small businesses to reduce pollution by providing experts for onsite technical
assistance, economic advice, and other managerial advice.
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
-------
HEALTHY AIR
> tOIlVIITT ซป IISIII11 UMIIi IU1M
Could your family
be affected?
Low-pressure spray
techniques reduce
misting and materials
waste and can reduce
emissions by 45%.
Minnesota Office of
Environmental
Assistance
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Fiberglass Fabrication Operations
Why should my fiberglass fabrication
operation reduce air pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source.
For example, covering solvent containers
prevents vapors from impacting your
employees.
Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, or Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.
Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my fiberglass
fabrication operation?
Fiberglass fabrication operations can
produce emissions of toxic air
pollutants, including styrene.
The primary pollutant at most
operations is styrene, which is
present in resins and gel coats. A
portion of the styrene evaporates
during the curing process.
Paints, thinners, solvents, and
adhesives can release some toxic air
pollutants and volatile organic
compounds (VOC). Chemicals in
these substances can also react in the
air to form ground-level ozone
(smog), which has been linked to a
number of respiratory effects.
How can I reduce air pollution from
my fiberglass fabrication operation?
Improve Production System Design
Switch from open to closed molds.
Reduce time and waste by installing
impregnator systems that combine
resin and fiber application.
Install resin rollers to eliminate waste
and excessive resin use.
Install vacuum-mold or infusion
systems to eliminate air bubbles and
improve product quality.
Switch from manual operation to
robotics. Robotic systems reduce
production time and result in greater
accuracy.
Use computerized application
technology to increase process
efficiency.
Switching production systems and
investing in hardware and software
for robotics and computer
applications involves initial costs, but
the payback period is generally less
than 3 years.
Change Raw Materials
Switch to resins and gel coats
containing less styrene.
Use ultraviolet-cured or vapor-
suppressed resin. These resins have
the potential to emit less styrene.
-------
OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
Fiberglass Fabrication Operations
9/12/2005
Coordinate Equipment Design, Operation, and Use
Implement a controlled spray program that includes
non-atomizing equipment such as flow coaters,
pressure-fed rollers, and fluid impingement spray
guns.
Use wider mold flanges to reduce overspray.
Calibrate the spray gun pressure to operate at the
lowest effective level.
Train operators to hold spray guns perpendicular to
the surface. Training may result in savings in raw
materials and labor costs.
Change Spray Technologies
Change spray technologies from high-pressure to
low-pressure sprays.
Use non-atomized spray guns instead of atomized
spray guns. This reduces both overspray and
emissions.
Reduce Exposure to Resin
Use efficient resin application methods, including
non-atomized flow delivery. That saves time, uses up
to 10% less materials and can reduce emissions up to
35%.
Use low-cost closed molding technologies such as
vacuum infusion or resin transfer molding. This
eliminates the exposure of liquid resin to the
environment during the manufacturing process.
Reduce Exposure to Solvent
Reduce air emissions and prevent contamination by
covering solvent containers.
Separate wastes to simplify the recycling of solvents.
How can preventing air pollution in my
fiberglass fabrication operation save money?
Preventing pollution saves money by using raw
materials more efficiently, decreasing the risk of fires,
and reducing the costs of spent solvent disposal.
Preventing pollution at a fiberglass fabrication
operation could result in less time and money spent
on:
Ventilating work areas and filtration of air and
solvents.
Pollution control equipment.
Sampling, monitoring and testing of materials
found in the work place.
Disposal of wastes and used solvents that may be
hazardous or toxic.
Purchase of raw materials.
What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
Your community may already have groups working
for cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be
very helpful to these groups.
Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested businesses. A list of these
small business assistance programs can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example, you could provide a cash award for workers
who implement a work practice that reduces both
costs and pollution.
A boat manufacturer switched to more efficient spray guns (HVLP) and direct roller
application of resins and reported a reduction in styrene levels of 85% and an
annual cost savings of $11,000.
Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Center
-------
HEALTHY AIR
Could your family
be affected?
Reducing the amount of
styrene in a resin by
35% to 45% can result in
an air emissions
reduction of 20% to
50%.
Minnesota Technical
Assistance Program
(WHEIR/OPEKATOR INFORMATION SMET waflM5
Fiberglass Fabrication Operations
Resources
American Composites Manufacturers Association: www.acmanet.org, (703) 525-
0511
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Flexible Polyurethane
Foam Production: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/foam/foampg.html
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Flexible Polyurethane
Foam Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/foam2/foam2pg.html
Pollution prevention suggestions: www.outreach.missouri.edu/polsol/
fbrgls. htm#process
Technology transfer: www.ecn.purdue.edu/CMTI/Technology>_Transfer/
Fiberglass industry profile: www.pprc.org/pprc/sbap/fiber/proflle.cfm
Pollution Prevention
Overviews: www.mntap.umn.edu/fiber/75-FRPemissions.htm,
www.moea.state.mn.us/publications/SIC3088.pdf
Fact sheet: www.eq.state.ut.us/EQSHW/ADOBE/p2factsheets/Fiberglassfct.pdf
Topic Hubs
Pollution Prevention Resource Center: www.pprc.org/hubs/toc.cfm?
hub= 10&subsec=7&nav=7
Pollution Prevention Regional Information Center: www.p2ric.org/topichubs/
toc.cfm?hub=l 0&subsec=7&nav=7&CFID= 12373&CFTOKEN=99449821
Guides
Fiberglass operations: www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/hwtr/P2/sectors/FRPGuidel.html
Pollution prevention: www.-2pays.org/ref/02/01058.pdf
Toxicity of Solvents
Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html
A study in Minnesota showed a potential emission reduction of
approximately 30% from implementing pollution prevention techniques
at fiberglass fabrication facilities.
Minnesota Office of Environmental
Assistance
-------
l-'ibcrglass
Fabrication
-------
HEALTHY AIR
* ( 0*ซltซ It V ** I9IIBH* tl*ปfM Cปtซf
Could your family
be affected?
EPA, along with
Hospitals for a Healthy
Environment, the
American Hospitals
Association, the
American Nurses
Association, and Health
Care Without Harm,
sponsors two awards
that target mercury
pollution.
American Hospitals
Association
After becoming aware of
the presence of PVC
within its neonatal units,
one hospital system
conducted a PVC audit
and identified alternative
materials for several of
its devices.
Health Care Without
Harm
9/12/05
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Hospitals
Why should hospitals reduce air
pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
Medical hospitals are facilities that
engage in providing general medical,
surgical, and specialty services.
Equipment breakage and waste
incineration may release pollutants into
the air and may contribute to health
concerns in hospitals and in the
community.
Hospitals implement pollution
prevention strategies not only to help
comply with federal, state, local, and
Tribal laws but also to further minimize
impacts on human health and the
environment. Check with your state,
local, and Tribal agencies for existing
regulations.
What kinds of air pollutants may
come from hospitals?
Hospital operations can produce
emissions of toxic air pollutants
such as mercury and dioxin.
Mercury
Mercury can be used in
thermometers, blood pressure cuffs,
thermostats, fluorescent lights, and
other products found in hospitals.
At room temperature, elemental
mercury is a liquid and emits toxic
vapors, which can be inhaled into the
lungs and absorbed into the
bloodstream.
Mercury is very toxic to humans. It
impacts the kidneys, liver, respiratory
system, and central nervous system.
When emitted indoors, mercury will
eventually leak into the outdoor air
through doors, ventilation systems,
and other openings. It can also reach
outdoor air through the incinerations
of mercury-containing products.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
PVC is used in plastic products such
as IV bags, surgical tubing, other
medical supplies, and construction
materials.
PVC is a source of toxic air
pollutants when incinerated. Some
hospitals incinerate their waste
onsite.
Dioxin is a potent carcinogen and
interferes with normal reproduction
and development at low doses.
How can hospitals reduce air
pollution?
Making changes in hospital operations
can stop pollutants at the source and
increase efficiency. By evaluating and
improving work practices, hospitals can
decrease emissions, reduce operational
costs, and protect employee and public
health.
Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:
Replacing Sources of Mercury
Use alternatives to mercury
thermometers, mercury blood
pressure cuffs, and other equipment.
Switch to mercury-free preservatives.
Insist on using recovered and
recycled mercury in all products that
do not yet have mercury-free
alternatives.
Locating Sources of Mercury
Use a mercury audit on a regular
basis to locate sources of mercury.
Formulate a plan to reduce sources of
mercury.
-------
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Hospitals
9/12/05
Communicating Mercury Dangers
Develop a training and communication program.
Train employees to look for ways to reduce mercury
pollution.
Develop and implement a protocol to prevent hospital
employees from improperly disposing of mercury.
Reducing PVC Use
Conduct a PVC audit.
Look for PVC-free products to replace PVC products.
Use PVC-free medical devices, construction and
furnishing products whenever possible.
As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from hospitals?
Make Connections
Get to know local hospital administrators because they
know best about the materials and procedures used in their
hospitals and the regulations with which they must
comply.
Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
updates. Publicity can reward success and attract more
public involvement.
Make a Plan
One idea is to form a work group that includes local
hospital administrators to develop and implement
workable pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
Use the "For Further Information" list below to find
governmental and nonprofit contacts who can provide
help with analysis, technical information, equipment, and
funding.
Lobby for Pollution Prevention Certification
Help hospitals lobby societies such as the American
Hospital Association to sponsor a certification for those
who actively strive to reduce air emissions.
Encourage a "Top Down" Pollution Prevention Approach
Many hospitals are part of a larger hospital system that
includes doctors' offices, outpatient clinics, and
laboratories.
Lobby hospitals to aggressively implement pollution
prevention measures in all parts of its system.
Help Hospitals Raise Mercury Awareness in the
Surrounding Community
Encourage hospitals to sponsor a "mercury turn-in" event
in the surrounding community to collect mercury
thermometers and batteries.
This opportunity will allow them to inform the
community about mercury dangers.
Such an event will promote the hospital as a cooperative
partner within the community.
For Further Information
Hospitals for a Healthy Environment: www.h2e-online.org, (800) 727-4179
Health Care Without Harm: www.noharm.org, (703) 243-0056
American Hospital Association: www.hospitalconnect.com
American Nurses Association: www.nursingworld.org, (800) 274-4262
Sustainable Hospitals Project: www.sustainablehospitals.org, (978) 934-3386
Healthcare Environmental Resource Center: www.hercenter.org
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
Community-Based Projects: http://www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
HEALTHY AIR: A COMMUNITY AND Business LEADERS GUIDE
-------
HEALTHY AIR
commit ปi IIIIIIM mini mut
Could your family
be affected?
A hospital system
that instituted a mercury
reduction program
removed approximately
440 pounds of mercury
from thermometers,
blood pressure cuffs,
and other equipment.
U.S. EPA
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Hospitals
Why should my hospital reduce air
pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, patients, and
families by using materials, processes, or
practices that reduce or eliminate air
pollution at the source. For example,
switching to mercury-free blood pressure
cuffs reduces mercury emissions in case
of accidental breakage.
Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing these pollution prevention
efforts can further minimize impacts on
human health and the environment.
Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from hospitals?
Hospital operations can produce
emissions of toxic air pollutants such
as mercury and dioxin.
Mercury
Mercury can be used in
thermometers, blood pressure cuffs,
thermostats, fluorescent lights, and
other products found in hospitals.
At room temperature, elemental
mercury is a liquid and emits toxic
vapors, which can be inhaled into the
lungs and absorbed into the
bloodstream.
Mercury is very toxic to humans. It
impacts the kidneys, liver, respiratory
system, and central nervous system.
When emitted indoors, mercury will
eventually leak into the outdoor air
through doors, ventilation systems,
and other openings. It can also reach
outdoor air through the incineration
of mercury-containing products.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
PVC is used in plastic products such
as IV bags, surgical tubing, other
medical supplies, and construction
materials.
PVC is a source of toxic air
pollutants when incinerated. Some
hospitals incinerate their waste
onsite.
Dioxin is a potent carcinogen and
interferes with normal reproduction
and development at low doses.
How can I reduce air pollution from
my hospital?
Replace Sources of Mercury
Alternatives to mercury
thermometers include electronic,
infrared, chemical strip, and gallium,
indium, and tin thermometers.
Mercury blood pressure cuffs can be
replaced by aneroid and electronic
blood pressure cuffs.
Use gastrointestinal tubes weighted
with tungsten or water instead of
mercury.
Replace mercury pharmaceutical
products with mercury-free
preservatives.
Identify why mercury is present as an
active ingredient in laboratory
chemicals. It may be possible to
substitute a mercury-free alternative.
-------
OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET 9/12/2005
Hospitals
Insist on mercury disclosures of all incoming products to the
hospital.
Insist on using recovered and recycled mercury in all
products that do not yet have mercury-free alternatives.
By reducing the amount of mercury used, you can minimize
the costs associated with mercury collection, storage,
recycling or disposal; paperwork for tracking hazardous
waste disposal; and training for hospital employees who
handle mercury-containing products or respond to spills.
Reducing sources of mercury will also help you avoid
increased regulation in the future.
Locate Sources of Mercury
Conduct a regular mercury audit to determine where
mercury may be used.
When forming a mercury audit team, use employees from
all parts of the hospital. They have the best knowledge
regarding where sources of mercury pollution may occur.
Formulate a plan based on the results of the audit to reduce
sources of mercury.
Communicate Mercury Dangers
Develop a training and communication program aimed at
increasing the general awareness of mercury health impacts.
Train employees to look for ways to reduce mercury
pollution.
Develop and implement a protocol to prevent hospital
employees from any improper disposal of mercury.
Develop a Mercury Housekeeping Program
Ensure that equipment and operating procedures meet all
standards for handling mercury. This helps avoid
inadvertent mercury air emissions.
Monitor and maintain the working condition of mercury-
containing equipment. Label equipment.
Establish procedures on how and where mercury may be
used and disposed.
Create and implement spill cleanup procedures for the
recovery and cleanup of mercury spills.
Recycle mercury whenever reducing the amount of mercury
used is not feasible.
What is a mercury "turn-in" program and how can it
benefit my hospital?
A mercury "turn-in" program is an event sponsored by
hospitals to receive mercury products that citizens may have in
their homes such as mercury thermometers and batteries. The
hospital then disposes of the mercury in a safe manner.
You can use this type of event as a community health
initiative to inform your community of the dangers of mercury
in the home. Also, mercury "turn-ins" can promote your
hospital as an environmentally friendly hospital and a
cooperative partner within the community.
What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
Your community may already have groups working for
cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be very helpful
to these groups.
Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested hospitals. A list of these small
business assistance programs can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides information
about assistance and technical help, environmental experts,
environmental regulations and laws, funding, and cost-saving
opportunities.
Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great efforts, and
dedication to pollution prevention. For example, you could
provide a cash award for workers who implement a work
practice that reduces both costs and pollution.
A mercury-containing switch blew up at a hospital cafeteria in Michigan. The oven was
damaged beyond repair.
Mercury clean-up cost: $3,500.
Oven replacement cost: $25,000
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
-------
HEALTHY AIR
A COBJMIITV * IHSIVISt IIAIIIS fUlll
Could your family
be affected?
After becoming aware of
the presence of PVC
within its neonatal units,
one hospital system
conducted a PVC audit
and identified alternative
materials for several of
its devices.
Health Care Without
Harm
Resources
Hospitals for a Healthy Environment: www.h2e-online.org, (800) 727-4179
Healthcare Environmental Resource Center: www.hercenter.org
Sustainable Hospitals Project: www.sustainablehospitals.org, (978) 934-3386
Healthcare Without Harm: www.noharm.org, (703) 243-0056
American Hospital Association: www.hospitalconnect.com
American Nurses Association: www.nursingworld.org, (800) 274-4262
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
Mercury
General Guidelines: www.epa.gov/seahome/mercury/src/guidels.htm
Alternative Products: Alternative products: www.p2pays.org/ref/01/00791.htm
Medical waste: www.p2pays.org/ref/01/00792.htm
Fever thermometer information: www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/pollprev/
mercury/Mercury.pdf
Indoor air quality: www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/MercuryIndoor.pdf
Identification and reduction: www.p2pays.org/ref/04/03851/hospital.pdf
Emissions from healthcare incinerators: www.dec.state.ny.us/website/ppu/
merchosp.pdf
PVC
PVC-free alternatives: www.noharm.org/pvcDehp/pvcFree
At one hospital, a mercury-containing blood pressure cuff broke on a
carpeted surface. Clean-up cost: $2,000
At another hospital, a mercury spill fell into tile crevices.
Clean-up time: 8 to 16 hours
U.S. EPA
-------
Hospitals
-------
HEALTHY AIR
A C*MปVIIIfT *ซt **ftiatfป If AtfM tปt*(
Could your family
be affected?
EPA has found that
indoor air can be more
polluted than outdoor air.
Since we spend over 90%
of our time indoors, we
risk inhaling more
pollutants when we are
guests at lodging
properties than when we
are outside.
Green Seal
One hotel has posted
their environmental
program on their Web site
(www.habitatsuites.com).
Habitat Suites,
Austin, TX
Green Seal has initiated a
certification program to
help travelers, meeting
planners, and
government and
corporate travel buyers
identify environmentally
responsible lodging
properties.
Green Seal
9/12/05
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Reducing Air Pollution from:
The Hospitality Industry (Lodging Sector)
Why should lodging properties reduce
air pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
The hospitality industry encompasses
a wide range of services and activities
such as lodging, restaurants, food
services, and convention centers. The
lodging sector consists of hotels, motels,
resorts, and bed and breakfasts.
Maintenance and operations activities
within the lodging sector may release
pollutants into the air and may contribute
to health concerns at lodging properties
and in the community.
The best lodging properties implement
pollution prevention strategies not only
to comply with federal, state, local, and
Tribal laws but also to further minimize
impacts on human health and the
environment. Check with your state,
local, and Tribal agencies for existing
regulations.
What kinds of air pollutants may
come from lodging properties?
Lodging properties can produce toxic
air pollutants and ozone-depleting
substances.
Cleaning supplies, synthetic
materials, paints, and pesticides can
release toxic air pollutants and
volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Although emitted indoors, these air
pollutants will also eventually leak
into the outdoor air through doors,
ventilation systems, and other
openings. Once outside, the
chemicals in these substances can
react in the air to form ground-level
ozone (smog), which has been linked
to a number of respiratory effects.
Ozone-depleting substances such as
chlorofluorocarbons may be released
by improperly maintained heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC) units, refrigeration units,
and fire extinguishers.
How can lodging properties reduce air
pollution?
Making changes in how lodging
properties maintain their facilities can
stop pollutants at the source and improve
indoor air quality. By evaluating and
improving work practices, lodging
properties can decrease emissions,
reduce operating costs, and protect
employee and public health.
Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:
Changing Cleaners
When possible, use non-toxic
products. For example, instead of
products with toxic ingredients to
clean and polish furniture, use lemon
oil.
Purchase cleaners with low toxic air
pollutant and VOC content.
Choose pump-style sprays, which
emit fewer toxic air pollutants and
VOC.
Maintaining Buildings
Use water-based, or other less toxic,
paints and coatings.
Regularly inspect floors to determine
where the most wear occurs. Refinish
only those portions.
If available, use indoor furniture
made of wood instead of pressed
wood products, which can emit toxic
air pollutants.
-------
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
The Hospitality Industry (Lodging Sector)
9/12/05
Controlling Ozone-Depleting Substance Emissions
Use "good housekeeping" measures, such as
checking for leaks in HVAC units and refrigeration
systems, during equipment maintenance and
operation.
Recover and reuse ozone-depleting substances.
At the end of equipment service life, replace with
new and more efficient equipment that does not use
ozone-depleting substances.
Inspect halon-containing fire extinguishers
frequently for leaks. Repair or replace faulty
equipment.
As a community, what can you do to help
reduce air pollution from lodging properties?
Make Connections
Get to know local lodging property managers
because they know best about the materials and
operations used in their businesses and the
regulations with which they must comply.
Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
more public involvement.
Make a Plan
One idea is to form a work group that includes local
lodging owners and operators to develop and
implement a workable pollution reduction plan.
Locate Resources
Use the "For Further Information" list below to
find governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
provide help with analysis, technical information,
equipment, and funding.
Encourage Lodging Properties to "Go Green."
A "green" lodging property is a property that is
managed to be environmentally-friendly through a
conscious effort to reduce pollution.
Use media connections to provide coverage for
successful efforts in reducing pollution. Positive
publicity for successful "greening" efforts can
mean increased business.
Visibly displayed awards or certificates stating that
the lodging property is a "green" property may
also increase business.
Motivate lodging property managers to become
involved in "green" organizations for the
hospitality industry such as Green Seal or the
"Green" Hotels Association.
For Further Information
American Hotel and Lodging Association: www.ahla.com, (202) 289-3100
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
"Green" Hotels Association (Information specific to lodging properties): www.greenhotels.com, (713) 789-8889
Green Seal: www.greenseal.org, (202) 872-6400
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
EPA Green Meetings Web Site: www.epa.gov/oppt/greenmeetings/
Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
-------
HEALTHY AIR
IHIIIISS llMCMIIHIt
Could your family
be affected?
At one hotel, a large
chiller using CFC-12, a
common ozone-
depleting substance,
serviced walk-in and
under-the-counter
coolers. Usually,
retrofitting chillers
requires changing the
type of oil used. By
substituting R-409a, a
less ozone-depleting
substance, no oil change
was needed, and the life
of the original equipment
was extended. Also, R-
409a costs less. Both of
these factors led to a
cost savings.
United Nations
OzonAction
and Tourism
Programmes
Reducing Air Pollution from:
The Hospitality Industry (Lodging Sector)
Why should my lodging property
reduce air pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source;
Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.
Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my lodging property?
Lodging properties can produce toxic
air pollutants and ozone-depleting
substances.
Cleaning supplies, synthetic
materials, paints, and pesticides can
release toxic air pollutants and
volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Although emitted indoors, these air
pollutants will also eventually leak
into the outdoor air through doors,
ventilation systems, and other
openings. Once outside, the
chemicals in these substances can
react in the air to form ground-level
ozone (smog), which has been linked
to a number of respiratory effects.
Ozone-depleting substances such as
chlorofluorocarbons may be released
by improperly maintained heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC) units, refrigeration units,
and fire extinguishers.
How can I reduce the air pollution
from my lodging property?
Change Cleaners
Choose non-toxic products such as
baking soda, vinegar, and lemon oil.
Purchase cleaners with less than 10
percent VOC by weight and those
that have low toxic air pollutant
content.
Choose pump-style sprays instead of
aerosols. These sprays emit fewer
toxic air pollutants.
Increase cleaning power of low toxic
substances by combining, for
example, baking soda and vinegar.
Building Maintenance Practices
Use water-based, or other less toxic,
paints and coatings to maintain floors
and walls.
Reduce the amount of refinishing
needed for hardwood floors by
regularly inspecting floors to
determine where the most wear
occurs. Refinish only those portions.
"Being environmentally responsible really does increase the bottom line
and guest satisfaction at knowing they are contributing to helping our
planet. Business has increased 15%+ since 1994"
Janet Byrd, Director of Marketing/
Environmental Programs at the Colony Hotel,
Kennebunkport, Maine
-------
OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
The Hospitality Ijndustry (Lodging Sector)
9/12/2005
If possible, use indoor furniture made of wood
instead of pressed wood products. If that isn't
possible, then use pressed wood products that contain
phenol resin instead of urea resin, which is more
toxic.
Control Emissions of Toxic Air Pollutants and
Ozone-Depleting Substances
Limit idling of tour buses around HVAC intake vents
and entrances to prevent high concentrations of
diesel vapors.
Use "good housekeeping" measures, such as
checking for leaks in piping, to avoid loss of ozone-
depleting substances during HVAC unit and
refrigeration equipment maintenance and operation.
Recover and reuse ozone-depleting substances after
dismantling HVAC and refrigeration equipment for
service.
Retrofit existing HVAC and refrigeration units to
avoid leakage and loss of existing ozone-depleting
substances.
Phase out chemicals that deplete the ozone by
retrofitting HVAC units and refrigerant units to use
chemicals with a low, or zero, ozone-depleting
substance content. There are financial benefits to
phasing out these chemicals that help offset the
expense of retrofitting. The cost savings will result
from the prevention of chemical leakages and from
the improved energy efficiency offered by many of
the newer, zero-ozone-depleting substances and
units.
At the end of equipment service life, replace with
new and more efficient equipment that does not use
ozone-depleting substances.
Reduce Ozone-Depleting Substance Emissions from
Fire Extinguishers
At the end of its service life, replace halon-
containing fire extinguishers with alternative non-
halon equipment.
Inspect halon-containing fire extinguishers
frequently for leaks. Repair or replace if leaks are
discovered.
What is a "green" lodging property?
A "green" lodging property is a property that is
managed to be environmentally-friendly, by making a
conscious effort to reduce pollution. Many people
prefer to stay at a hotel that follows "green"
principles; this may result in increased income.
Being a "green" hotel, which includes improving air
quality, tells the world that the environment is
important to you.
Being a "green" hotel also raises the awareness of
both your staff and guests about the need to be as
environmentally-friendly as possible. When your
guests learn about a hotel's environmental activities,
they provide positive feedback, indicating increased
customer satisfaction.
What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
Your community may already have groups working
for cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be
very helpful to these groups.
Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested businesses. A list of these
small business assistance programs can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
Also, sponsor employee awards for good ideas,
great efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention.
For example, you could provide a cash award for
workers who implement a work practice that reduces
both costs and pollution.
Green Seal has initiated a certification program to help travelers, meeting planners, and
government and corporate travel buyers identify environmentally responsible lodging properties.
Green Seal
HEALTHY AIR. A Cow
-------
HEALTHY AIR
A COHMOIItV AM9 lOSIRfSS LIADU1 SUIIE
Could your family
be affected?
One hotel converted its
fire extinguisher system
to an "Inergen" system, a
combination of nitrogen,
argon, and carbon
dioxide. This mixture is
cheaper than halon, and
these gases do not
produce ozone-depleting
substances.
United Nations
OzonAction and
Tourism
Programmes
INFORMATION SHEET
The Hospitality Industry (Lodging Sector)
Resources
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
EPA Green Meetings Web Site: www.epa.gov/oppt/greenmeetings/
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
"Green Hotels" program standards: www.vtgreenhoteh.org/downloads/GHstds.pdf
Protecting the ozone layer: www.uneptie.org/ozonaction/library/tech/mmcfiles/1556-
e.pdf
Success stories: www.deq.state.va.us/p2/lodging/success.html
Environmental Practices Handbook: www.habitatsuites.com/
environmentalpracticeshandbook.pdf
Tourism and the environment: www.dep.state.pa.us/depuate/pollpreve/Industry/
hotels/default, htm
Janitorial products: www.wrppn.org/Janitorial/jp4.cfin
Indoor air quality: www.state.tn.us/environment/dca/p2/p2air-indoor.php
Organizations
American Hotel and Lodging Association: www.ahla.com, (202) 289-3100
"Green" Hotels Association: www.greenhotels.com, (713) 789-8889
Green Seal: www.greenseal.org, (202) 872-6400
One hotel uses naturally-scented, non-toxic, phosphate-free,
biodegradable products. These include:
Vinegar: Cleans mirrors, windows, and metal fixtures
Baking soda: Cleans refrigerators and stoves
Vinegar and salt: Cleans metal
Tea tree oil and lemon oil: Polishes wood.
Habitat Suites, Austin, TX
-------
HiKspiUilits Intlustiy
(lodging Sector)
-------
HEALTHY AIR
A (OHMItttltV I
Could your family
be affected?
The Pollution Prevention
Assistance Division
(P2AD) of the Georgia
Department of Natural
Resources provides
pollution prevention
assistance and training
to companies that have
metal operations. P2AD
has also developed the
Pollution Prevention
Partners (P3) program
as a means of getting
companies involved in
formalized pollution
prevention.
U.S. EPA
Targeted outreach is
needed to meet the
needs of small and mid-
size companies.
Regional trade shows
and conferences may be
a good place for these
companies to keep up
with the latest
technologies and meet
vendors and government
and university technical
assistance providers.
9/12/05
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Metal Operations
Why do metal operations need to
reduce air pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
Metal operations manufacture and
finish metal parts ranging from paper
clips to car bodies and spiral staircases.
Activities at metal operations include
metal fabrication, surface preparation,
metal finishing, and other processes, all
of which may release pollutants into the
air and may contribute to health
concerns in the shop and in the
community.
The best metal operations implement
pollution prevention strategies not only
to help comply with federal, state, local,
and Tribal laws but also to further
minimize impacts on human health and
the environment. Check with your state,
local, and Tribal agencies for existing
regulations.
What kinds of air pollutants may
come from metal operations?
Metal operations can produce
emissions of toxic air pollutants,
including metals.
Lubricants, degreasers, and cleaners
can release some toxic air pollutants
and volatile organic compounds
(VOC). Chemicals in these
substances can also react in the air to
form ground-level ozone (smog),
which has been linked to a number of
respiratory effects.
Toxic air pollutants and particle
pollution (dust) containing metals can
result from the fumes generated by
soldering or welding operations.
While federal, state, local, and Tribal
regulations limit the amount of
emissions from metal operations,
dangerous releases of toxic air
pollutants can occur if a metal
operation is not in compliance with
regulations.
How can metal operations reduce air
pollution?
Making changes in operation work
practices can stop pollutants at the
source and increase production
efficiency. By evaluating and improving
work practices, operations can decrease
emissions, reduce production costs, and
protect employee and public health.
Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:
Substituting Materials
Use cleaners with low toxic air
pollutant and VOC content.
Use metalworking fluids that are less
volatile.
Changing Cleaning Procedures
Use cleaning procedures that reduce
the amount of solvent needed
Collect and reuse old solvent.
Reduce storage time between
metalworking and finishing, to avoid
using rust inhibitors.
The Solvent Alternatives Guide (SAGE) is an online guide for solvent and
process alternatives for cleaning equipment.
-U.S.EPA
-------
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Metal Operations
9/12/05
Changing Processes
Install an induction furnace for metal casting. This
will reduce particle pollution by 75%.
Remove all paint and solvents from metals before
welding, to avoid generating toxic fumes.
Use welding materials and processes that reduce
fumes.
As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from metal operations?
Make Connections
Get to know local owners and operators. They know
best about the materials and processes used in their
business and the regulations with which they must
comply.
Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
more public involvement.
Make a Plan
One idea is to form a work group that includes local
metal operations owners and operators to develop
and implement workable pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
Use the "For Further Information" list below to
find governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
provide help with analysis, technical information,
equipment, and funding.
Encourage Pollution Prevention
Small metal operations may need funding in order
to attend or provide training.
Improved skills lead to reduced toxic air pollutant
exposure for workers.
Work with pollution prevention organizations to
reach metal operators.
Help sponsor trade show exhibits and training
workshops to show the latest technologies.
Reward Facilities
Use media connections to provide coverage for
successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
increased business.
Visibly displayed awards or certificates may also
increase business.
For Further Information
National Association of Metal Finishers: www.namf.org, (407) 281-6445
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw
EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Metal Finishing Sector:
www.epa.gov/sectors/metalfmishing/index.html, (202) 566-1961
EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Metal Casting Sector:
www.epa.gov/sectors/metalcasting/index.html, (202) 566-1407
Community Information Sheet for Electroplating Operations
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
Training opportunities: Local metal operations trade association
Solvent Alternatives Guide SAGE: www.sage.rti.org
Toxicity of Solvents: Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air Toxics Health Effects Note-
books (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)
For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
li
-------
HEALTHY AIR
i commit nt IMIIIII iiuiii HIM
Could your family
be affected?
To clean metal parts,
a company in Georgia
used to immerse an
industrial cloth in
lacquer thinner and
wipe the part clean.
Amount of lacquer
thinner waste produced:
15,632 pounds (39 55-
gallon drums)
Hazardous materials
disposal costs: $3,900
Then they changed
cleaning processes,
spraying the part with a
citrus-based cleaner
and wiping it clean, this
method reduced
lacquer thinner usage.
Amount of lacquer
thinner produced: 2,990
pounds (7 drums)
Hazardous materials
disposal costs: $700
Georgia Department of
Natural Resources
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Metal Operations
Why should my metal operation
reduce air pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source. For
example, covering containers of cleaning
solvents minimizes the amount of vapors
that escape.
Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
further minimizes impacts on human
health and the environment.
Why should I be concerned about
air pollution from my metal
operation?
Metal operations can produce
emissions of toxic air pollutants,
including metals.
Lubricants, degreasers, and cleaners
can release some toxic air pollutants
and volatile organic compounds
(VOC). Chemicals in these
substances can also react in the air to
form ground-level ozone (smog),
which has been linked to a number of
A metal precision casting company switched to a citrus-based solvent for
cleaning patterns used to make casting molds. This change reduced the
company's air toxics emissions by over 18,000 pounds a year.
Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention
Center
respiratory effects.
Toxic air pollutants and particle
pollution (dust) containing metals can
result from the fumes generated by
soldering or welding operations. While
federal, state, local, and Tribal
regulations limit the amount of
emissions from metal operations,
dangerous releases of toxic air
pollutants can occur if a metal operation
is not in compliance with regulations.
How can I reduce air pollution from
my metal operation?
Substitute Materials
Choose cleaners and degreasers such as
waterborne cleaners that have a lower
toxic air pollutant and VOC content.
Use precoated or primed materials that
do not require any additional
lubrication.
Use less volatile metalworking fluids to
reduce vaporization in heat treating.
Lower Emissions at the Source
Securely cover all containers to reduce
the chance of spills when transferring
materials.
Use funnels or pumps to avoid spills
when dispensing materials.
Only open airtight containers when
adding or dispensing liquids. This
minimizes evaporative emissions and
waste.
Reduce the amount of time that the
metal and metalworking fluids are
exposed to the air during cleaning,
melting, and die casting.
-------
OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
Jvletal Operations
9/12/2005
Change Cleaning Procedures
"Clean as you go" policies reduce the amount of
solvent needed for removing heavy build-up.
Use mechanical cleaning such as scraping or wiping
before using solvents.
Reuse cleaning solution or solvent. Use dirty solvent
for initial cleaning, then follow with clean solvent.
Switch to a water-based cleaning system like an
ultrasonic cleaner, manual parts washers, automatic
spray equipment, or baths with agitation.
Reduce storage time between metalworking and
finishing to offset the need for rust inhibiting oils.
Recycle Materials
Use an on-site distillation unit to clean dirty cleaning
liquid. This makes the solvent available for reuse in
the production process.
In metal casting, collect and recycle the dust from
furnaces and curing ovens by using
pyrometallurgical treatment, rotary kiln, or other
processes.
Recycle oil, which does not need treatment before
recycling, from cutting/machining operations.
Change Processes
Install an induction furnace for metal casting, which
emits about 75 percent less particle pollution and
vapors than other furnace types. An induction
furnace does not require combustion gases or
excessive metal temperatures.
Centralize degreasing procedures to reduce and
better track use of solvents.
Remove all paint and solvents from the area to be
welded to avoid generating toxic fumes during
welding.
Reduce the amount of fumes by using welding rods
that produce a low fume and by using the least
amount of heat and toxic welding material allowed
by the manufacturer's manuals.
Upgrade Your Equipment
Check with your state, local, or Tribal pollution
prevention office for funding possibilities.
How does reducing solvent emissions save me
money?
Using an on-site distillation unit reduces the
amount of spent solvent sent off-site as well as the
amount stored on-site as hazardous waste, reducing
both the cost of solvent disposal and fresh solvent
purchase.
Examine and streamline production processes to
reduce overall cleaning solvent and degreaser use. For
example, monitor solvent quality and consolidate parts
washing processes. Service units only when the
solvent quality dictates.
How do I know what changes are best for my
operation?
One way to include environmental decision-
making into your daily business is to use an
Environmental Management System (EMS) to help
achieve continuous performance improvement. Metal
finishers throughout the U.S. have found that using
this plan-do-check-act approach creates a simple
framework to examine ways your operation can affect
the environment and tailor changes to meet your
unique needs.
What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
Your community may already have groups
working for cleaner air. Your expertise and
knowledge can be very helpful to these groups.
Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-
site assessments for interested businesses. A list of
these small business assistance programs can be found
at www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example, you could provide a cash award for workers
who implement a work practice that reduces both
costs and pollution.
EPA's Sector Strategies Program has Environmental Management Systems available for metal
operations shops to use. An EMS helps metal operations shops integrate environmental decision
making into day-to-day operations.
U.S.EPA
-------
HEALTHY AIR
1 COIMHItl ซซi IIIIIIISI1IUCM ซUlil
Could your family
be affected?
An aerospace
manufacturer replaced
1,1,1-trichloroethane and
methyl ethyl ketone
cleaning solvent with
non-toxic cleaner for
hand-wiping operations.
Workers prefer this
cleaner because it is
more efficient and leaves
less residue. The
change reduced toxic
emissions by thousands
of pounds and saves
$250,000 per year.
Pacific Northwest
Pollution Prevent
Resource Center
One shop used a
stamping lubricant that
can remain on the piece
until the annealing
process. This resulted in
savings of $12,000 from
reduced disposal, raw
material, and labor
costs. Waste was
reduced from 30,000
pounds in 1982 to
12,000 pounds in 1986.
Working conditions also
improved by removing
vapors associated with
the old cleaning process.
U.S. EPA
Resources
National Association of Metal Finishers: www.namf.org, (407) 281-6445
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Owner Operator Information Sheet for Electroplating Operations
Assessment and guidance: www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/99412.pdf
Good operating practices: dep.state.ct.us/wst/p2/industry/p2options.pdf
Pollution prevention opportunities and impediments:
www.ganet.org/dnr/p2ad/pblcations/metal.html
Biochemical Substitutions in the Metal Plating and Finishing Industry:
www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/library/admin/uploadedfiles/Biochemical_Substituti
ons_in_the_Metal_Plating. html
EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program
EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Metal Finishing Sector:
www.epa.gov/sectors/metalfinishing/index.html, (202) 566-1961
EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Metal Casting Sector:
www.epa.gov/sectors/metalcasting/index.html, (202) 566-1407
Environmental Management Systems
Metal Finishing Sector: www.epa.gov/sectors/metalfinishing/ems.htmltfems
Metal Casting Sector: www.epa.gov/sectors/metalcasting/ems.html#diecastems
Sector Notebooks
Fabricated Metal Products Sector Notebook:
www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/fab
metsn.pdf
Metal Casting Industry Sector Notebook:
www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistances/sectors/notebooks/met
cstsna.pdf
Topic Hubs
Pollution Prevention Resource Center:
www.pprc.org/hubs/toc.cfm?hub=24&subsec=7&nav7
Northeast Waste Management Officials' Association:
www.newmoa.org/prevention/topichub/toc.cfm?hub=23&subsec=7&nav=7
Toxicity of Solvents
Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html
-------
Mei.il Opa.iiion<,
-------
HEALTHY AIR
Could your family
be affected?
Certain paints or
coatings may contain as
much as 40% volatile
organic compounds
(VOC). By reformulating
the mixture to be low-
VOC, air emissions of
these pollutants may be
reduced.
National Paint and
Coating Association
In one year, a paint
manufacturer took back
44,000 gallons of
unused paint from its
customers and
consumers and
reworked it into new
paint products.
Valspar Corporation
One manufacturer
recycles and reuses
95% of the solvent used
in the cleanup process,
which reduces emissions
and the amount of
solvent purchased.
Pollution
Solutions
9/12/05
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Why should paint and coating
manufacturing operations reduce air
pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
Paint and coating manufacturing
operations produce paints, inks,
adhesives, and a variety of other
specialty coatings that preserve, protect,
and decorate products. Activities such as
mixing and cleaning operations may
release pollutants into the air and cause
health concerns in the community.
The best paint and coating
manufacturing operations implement
pollution prevention strategies not only
to help comply with federal, state, local,
and Tribal laws but also to further
minimize impacts on human health and
the environment. Check with your state,
local, and Tribal agencies for existing
regulations.
What kinds of air pollutants may
come from the manufacture of paints
and coatings?
Paint and coating manufacturing
operations can produce hazardous air
pollutants, including heavy metals.
Mixing and cleaning operations can
release some toxic air pollutants and
volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Chemicals in these substances can
react in the air to form ground-level
ozone (smog), which has been linked
to a number of respiratory effects.
Pigment grinding and milling emits
particle pollution (dust), which can
contain heavy metals and other toxic
air pollutants. While federal, state,
local, and Tribal regulations limit the
amount of emissions from paint and
coating manufacturing operations,
dangerous releases of toxic air
pollutants can occur if a paint and
coating manufacturing operation is
not in compliance with regulations.
How can paint and coating
manufacturers reduce air pollution?
Making changes in operation work
practices can stop pollutants at the
source and increase production
efficiency. By evaluating and improving
work practices, operations can decrease
emissions, reduce production costs, and
protect employee and public health.
Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:
Changing Products
Eliminate the use of heavy metals
like chromium and cadmium in paint
pigments.
Change coatings to reduce solvent
content.
Changing Cleaning Procedures
Use cleaning procedures that reduce
the amount of solvent needed.
Schedule product runs to minimize
the amount of cleaning needed
between colors or products.
Recycling and Reformulating
Collect dust from pigment grinding
operations for reuse.
Rework or blend off-specification
materials into new products.
Set up or participate in a paint
exchange program.
-------
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Paint ant Coating Manufacturing
9/12/05
As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from paint and coating manufacturing
operations?
Make Connections
Get to know local paint and coating manufacturing
operation owners and operators. They know best
about the materials and processes used in their
business and the regulations with which they must
comply.
Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
more public involvement.
Make a Plan
One idea is to form a work group that includes local
owners and operators to develop and implement
workable pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
Use the "For Further Information" list below to find
governmental and nonprofit contracts who can
provide help with analysis, technical information,
equipment, and funding.
Reward Operations
Use media connections to provide coverage for
successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
increased business.
Visibly displayed awards or certificates may also
increase business.
Inform the Public
Work with coating manufacturers to educate the
public about reformulated paints.
Users of reformulated coatings may require
training to inform them that these coatings will
have the same functionality as the coatings they
replace.
Emphasize reductions in toxic air pollutant
emissions, safety hazards, and the use of
potentially toxic solvents.
For Further Information
National Paint and Coatings Association: www.paint.org, (202) 462-6272
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Paint and Coatings Sector:
www.epa.gov/sectors/paintcoatings/index.html, (202) 566-2958
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Coating Manufacturing:
www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mcm/mcmpg.html
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing and Mis-
cellaneous Coating Manufacturing: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mon/monpg.html
Paints and Coatings Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
Toxicity of materials: Materials suppliers, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air Toxics
Health Effects Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)
Training opportunities: Paint and coatings manufacturing trade associations
Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org
The Coatings Guide: www.cage.rti.org
For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
Ul
-------
HEALTHY AIR
Could your family
be affected?
One manufacturer
successfully replaced
lead pigments used for
corrosion resistance with
yttrium, which is 100
times safer as a dust
than lead at typical
levels of use. Use of
yttrium in the coating
also eliminates the need
for a chrome
pretreatment in the
finishing process. Use of
the yttrium coating
should eliminate up
to 1 million pounds of
lead in this coating
application over the next
several years.
PPG Industries
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Why should my paint and coating
manufacturing operation reduce air
pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source.
Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.
Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from paint and coating
manufacturing operations?
Paint and coating manufacturing
operations can produce hazardous air
pollutants, including heavy metals.
Mixing and cleaning operations can
release some toxic air pollutants and
volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Chemicals in these substances can
react in the air to form ground-level
ozone (smog), which has been linked
to a number of respiratory effects.
Pigment grinding and milling emit
particle pollution (dust), which can
contain heavy metals and other toxic
air pollutants. While federal, state,
local, and Tribal regulations limit the
amount of emissions from paint and
coating manufacturing operations,
dangerous releases of toxic air
pollutants can occur if a paint and
coating manufacturing operation is
not in compliance with regulations.
How can I reduce air pollution from
my paint and coating
manufacturing operation?
Change Products
Eliminate the use of heavy metals
such as chromium, lead and mercury
in coating mixtures. Non-hazardous
biocides are available to replace
mercury-containing coatings
designed to kill bacteria.
Reformulate coatings to higher solid
coatings, waterborne coatings,
powder coatings, or ultraviolet (UV)
light-cured coatings.
Lower Emissions at the Source
Cover tanks during blending, mixing,
and while waiting to transfer the
paint or coating into packaging.
Cover tanks to reduce leakage of
vapors.
Cover all materials securely to reduce
the chance of spills when transferring
materials.
Change Cleaning Procedures
Mandate a "clean as you go" policy
to reduce the amount of solvent
needed for removing heavy build-up.
One manufacturer recycles and reuses 95% of the solvent used in the
cleanup process, which reduces emissions and the amount of
solvent purchased.
Pollution Solutions
-------
OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
9/12/2005
Where tanks can be cleaned manually, use a wiper or
squeegee rather than solvents.
Use a high pressure spray hose to clean tanks. This
reduces the amount of solvent needed.
Reuse cleaning solution or solvent. For example, use
dirty solvent for initial cleaning. Then follow with
clean solvent.
Use cleaners with low toxic air pollutant and VOC
content, such as water-based cleaners.
Dedicate equipment to a single product, or family of
products that are similarly colored, to reduce the
need for equipment cleaning between batches.
Recycle and Reformulate Materials
Reuse dust captured by a baghouse during pigment
grinding.
Set up, or participate in, a paint exchange program
where customers return unused paint that can be
reworked into future products.
Rework or blend off-specification materials into new
products.
Reduce or Eliminate Toxic Emissions
Reduce emissions of particle pollution by using a
baghouse to collect dust.
Use pigments in a slurry or paste instead of in dry
form, to minimize dust.
Grind or mix raw ingredients with sandmills instead
of ballmills. Sandmills are more efficient and require
less solvent for cleanup.
Upgrading equipment and reformulating paint may
be better, but how expensive is it?
Though reformulating coatings or using new or
different processes may be more expensive, raw material
costs may decrease. Also, these coatings reduce the
amount of toxic air pollutants emitted at your operation
as well as operations using the coatings.
If you decide to upgrade the equipment in your
operation, check with your state, local, or Tribal
pollution prevention office for funding possibilities.
How can I inform my customers about
reformulated paints?
Users of reformulated paints and coatings may not
have used these types of paints before and may require
training to inform them that these paints and coatings
will have the same functionality as conventional
formulations.
Provide workshops and/or information about the
advantages and disadvantages of reformulated paints
and coatings. Emphasize reductions in toxic air
pollutant emissions, safety hazards, and the use of
potentially toxic solvents.
At your operation, institute management
procedures and goals that require an evaluation of
pollution prevention techniques before any products
are formulated or re-formulated. Communicate to
suppliers your commitment to your pollution
prevention procedures and goals.
Also, sponsor or participate in a paint exchange
program where customers can return paints to be
reworked into other paints.
What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
Your community may already have groups
working for cleaner air. Your expertise and
knowledge can be very helpful to these groups.
Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-
site assessments for interested businesses. A list of
these small business assistance programs can be found
at www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding,, and cost-saving opportunities.
Refer your customers to Web sites for the Solvent
Alternatives Guide (www.sage.rti.org) and The
Coatings Guide (www.cage.rti.org) where they can
increase their understanding of reformulated paints
and coatings. Stay involved with trade associations
and keep up to date with industry developments
through industry-related Web sites.
Also, sponsor employee awards for good ideas,
great efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention.
For example, you could provide a cash award for
workers who implement a work practice that reduces
both costs and pollution.
-------
HEALTHY AIR
A COftttVaiTT Alt IMIttlSf LIAItlf Hill
Could your family
be affected?
One paint manufacturer
recycles and reuses 95%
of the solvent used in the
cleanup process. The
company estimated that it
generates $9,600
annually in savings from
reductions in waste
generation and solvent
consumption.
The Carbohydrate
Economy
Clearinghouse
Resources
National Paint and Coatings Association: www.paint.org, (202) 462-6272
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Paint and Coatings Sector:
www.epa.gov/sectors/paintcoatings/index.html, (202) 566-2958
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org
Topic hub: www.pprc.org/hubs/toc.cfin?hub=28&subsec=7&nav=7
Assessment and guidance: www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/98410.pdf
Good operating practices: dep.state.ct.us/wst/p2/industry/optindex.htm
Special Chem: www.paintandcoatings.com
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
Miscellaneous Coating Manufacturing: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mcm/mcmpg.html
Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing and Miscellaneous Coating
Manufacturing: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mon/monpg.html
Alternatives
Solvent Alternative Guide: www.sage.rti.org
The Coatings Guide: www.cage.rti.org
The Carbohydrate Economy:
www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/library/admin/uploadedfiles/Biochemical_Substituti
ons_in_the_Paint_Industr.html
Toxicity of Materials
Materials suppliers
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html
EPA's Sector Strategies Program works within the paint and coating
manufacturing sector to assess opportunities for improving
environmental performance while reducing regulatory burden.
U.S. EPA
-------
Paml and Coaling
iVlanul'acUinnu
-------
HEALTHY AIR
*
-------
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Painting and Coating Operations
9/12/05
Lowering Emissions at the Source
Open containers only when adding or dispensing
materials.
Use wet and dry filters in a spray booth to capture
and control particulate emissions.
As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from painting and coating operations?
Make Connections
Get to know local painting and coating operation
owners and operators. They know best about the
materials and processes used in their business and the
regulations with which they must comply.
Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
more public involvement.
Make a Plan
One idea is to form a work group that includes local
painting and coating operations to develop and
implement workable pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
Use the "For Further Information" list below to
find governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
provide help with analysis, technical information,
equipment, and funding.
Sponsor Training and Translation
Small operations may need funding in order to
attend or provide training.
Improved skills lead to reduced paint usage and
exposure for workers.
Reward Operations
Use media connections to provide coverage for
successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
increased business.
Visibly displayed awards and certificates may also
increase business.
For Further Information
National Paint and Coatings Association: www.paint.org, (202) 462-6272
EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Paint and Coating Sector:
www.epa.gov/sectors/paintcoatings/index.html, (202) 566-2958
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
Toxicity of paints and solvents: Paint or coating suppliers, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
(www.epa.gov/iris), Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)
Training opportunities: Trade associations for painters and coalers.
STARฎ Painting Techniques: Iowa Waste Reduction Center: www.iwrc.org/programs/STAR.cfm, , (800) 422-3109
Paints and Coatings Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org
The Coatings Guide: www.cage.rti.org
Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org
For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
Auto and Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/auto/autopg.html
Large Appliance Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/lapp/lapplpg.html
Magnetic Tape Manufacturing: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/magtape/magtappg.html
Metal Can Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mcan/mcanpg.html
Metal Coil Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mcoil/mcoilpg.html
Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/misc/miscpg.html
Paper and Other Web Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/powc/powcpg.html
Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/plastic/plasticpg.html
Wood Building Products Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/wbldg/wbldgpg.html
-------
HEALTHY AIR
A COMMVIITT Alt IISIIISS IIUIII ซIHซ
Could your family
be affected?
One company
substituted higher-
solids paints for
conventional solvent-
borne coatings, which
resulted in increased
transfer efficiency and
a 30% decrease in
VOC emissions and
paint wastes. Also, the
company saved
$28,000 in paint
purchases and paint
disposal costs.
North Carolina Division
of Pollution Prevention
and Environmental
Assistance
The Coatings Guide
is an online pollution
prevention tool for
paints and coatings.
This guide contains
several tools to identify
low-VOC and/or low
toxic air pollutant
content coatings that
may be suitable
replacements.
U.S. EPA
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Painting and Coating Operations
Why should my painting and coating
operation reduce air pollution?
People who are exposed to air toxics
at sufficient concentrations, for sufficient
durations, may increase their chances of
getting cancer or experiencing other
serious health effects, such as
reproductive problems, birth defects, and
aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source.
Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts'
further minimizes the impacts on human
health and the environment.
Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my painting and
coating operation?
Painting and coating operations can
produce emissions of toxic air
pollutants.
Lubricants, degreasers, and cleaners
can release some toxic air pollutants
and volatile organic compounds
(VOC). Chemicals in these
substances can react in the air to form
ground-level ozone (smog), which
has been linked to a number of
respiratory effects.
While federal, state, local, and Tribal
regulations limit the amount of
emissions from painting and coating
operations, dangerous releases of
toxic air pollutants can occur if a
painting and coating operation is not
in compliance with regulations.
How can I reduce air pollution from
my painting and coating operation?
Substitute Materials
Use cleaners with low toxic air
pollutants and VOC such as water-
based, alkaline, or microbial cleaners.
These can reduce air pollutant
emissions up to 90%.
Use paint types such as waterborne
paints, powder coatings, ultraviolet
(UV) light or electron beam-curable
coatings, or higher-solids paints.
Change Processes
Minimize the need for cleaning
solvents by using waterborne paints.
Use a coating method that does not
require spraying such as
electrodeposition, dip coating, roller
coating, or flow coating.
Improve Spraying
Use more efficient paint application
equipment to reduce overspray such
as switching to a high-volume, low-
pressure spray (HVLP), airless spray,
air-assisted airless spray, or
electrostatic spray guns.
Train painters in proper spray
application techniques. Proper
training, which includes information
on gun position, motion, triggering,
and overlap, can reduce air pollutant
emissions and enhance the quality of
the paint finish.
Minimizing overspray results in less
labor and product used and fewer air
pollutants generated.
-------
OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
Painting and Coating Operations
9/12/2005
Lower Emissions at the Source
Open containers only when adding or dispensing
materials. This minimizes evaporative emissions and
waste.
Use air-tight containers to store solvents, paints, and
other coatings.
Use a spray booth to capture and control emissions.
Change Cleaning Procedures
Use enclosed or mechanical parts and gun washing
systems to reduce evaporative emissions.
Monitor the amount of cleaning solvent used during
cleanup to avoid excess usage.
Reuse cleaning solution or solvent. Use dirty solvent
for initial cleaning, then follow with clean solvent.
Schedule color changes to minimize cleaning needed
between colors. Paint products with light colors and
then follow with increasingly darker colors.
Upgrade Your Operation's Equipment
Check with your state, local, or Tribal pollution
prevention office for funding possibilities.
Are HVLP spray guns really better? Where can I
find out about training?
HVLP guns are better than conventional atomized air
spray guns if technicians are trained properly. VOC
emissions released during a painting operation are
directly related to the skill of the spray gun operator.
Properly used HVLP spray guns often result in a
higher transfer efficiency, which results in reduced
overspray.
Reduced overspray minimizes costs and worker
exposure to toxic emissions.
Information about training may be found at
Iowa Waste Reduction Center: wrvw.wrc.org/
programs/STAR.cfm or call 1-800-422-3109.
State, local, or Tribal pollution prevention offices.
Spray equipment suppliers.
Trade associations for painting and coating
operations.
What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
Your community may already have groups
working for cleaner air. Your expertise and
knowledge can be very helpful to these groups.
Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-
site assessments for interested businesses. A list of
these small business assistance programs can be found
at www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
Refer your customers to Web sites for the Solvent
Alternatives Guide (www.sage.rti.org) and The
Coatings Guide (www.cage.rti.org) where they can
increase their understanding of alternative paints and
coatings. Stay involved with trade associations and
keep up to date with industry developments through
industry-related Web sites.
Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example, you could provide a cash award for workers
who implement a work practice that reduces both
costs and pollution.
EPA's Sector Strategies Program works within the painting and coating operations sector to assess
opportunities for improving environmental performance while reducing regulatory burden.
U.S.EPA
-------
HEALTHY AIR
Could your family
be affected?
The cost of on-site
distillation units depends
on size.
2-gallon still: $2,100
3.5-gallon still: $3,000
5-gallon still: $4,000
7.5-gallon still: $4,700
15-gallon still: $8,500
These prices do not
include vacuum assist
costs.
Iowa Waste Reduction
Center
In a conventional spray
painting process, as
much as 70% or more of
the paint may miss its
target surface. Using
more efficient application
methods can substantially
reduce that amount.
Ohio
Environmental Protection
QWNe*/OF>ERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
9/12^2005
Resources
National Paint and Coatings Association: www.paint.org, (202) 462-6272
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Paint and Coating Sector:
www.epa.gov/sectors/pciintcoatings/index.html, (202) 566-2958
Paints and Coatings Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org
Iowa Waste and Reduction Center STAR* Training:
www.iwrc.org/programs/STAR.cfm, (800) 422-3109
Spray painting options:
www.wmrc.nine.edu/main_sections/info_services/lihran'_Jocs/TN/98-048.pJf
Painting and coating operations: www.epa.state.oh.us/opp/paints/fact23.html
Good operating practices: www.dep.state.ct.us/wst/p2/inJuxtry/optinJex.htm
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
Auto and Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating Operations:
www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/auto/autopg.html
Large Appliance Surface Coating Operations:
WWW. epa.gov/ttn/atw/lapp/lapplpg. html
Magnetic Tape Manufacturing: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/magtape/magtappg.html
Metal Can Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mcan/mcanpg.html
Metal Coil Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mcoil/mcoilpK.html
Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products Surface Coating Operations:
www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/misc/miscpg.html
Paper and Other Web Surface Coating Operations:
www.epa.gov/ttn/at\v/powc/powcpg.html
Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products:
www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/plastic/plasticpg.html
Wood Building Products Surface Coating Operations:
www. epa.go v/ttn/atw/wbldg/wbldgpg. html
Alternatives
Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org
The Coatings Guide: www.cage.rti.org
Biochemical solvents:
www.carbhv.drateeconomv.org/library/admin/uploadedfiles/Biochemical_Solvi'nts_/'
or Pollution Prevention.html
Toxieity of Solvents
Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapinJex.html
-------
Paint and Coating
Operations
-------
HEALTHY AIR
ซ CWMMttf MM MfMWf IUWM MMt
Could your family
be affected?
Finding alternatives to
chemical paint strippers
can result in an
improved working
environment, health, and
safety for workers,
reduced regulatory
compliance burden,
savings on materials and
disposal cost, and
marketing advantages
as an "environmentally
friendly" business.
Minnesota Technical
Assistance Program
95 percent of all paint
stripper used by the
consumer is for stripping
furniture.
Source Reduction
Research
Partnership
9/12/05
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Paint and Coating Stripping Operations
Why do paint and coating stripping
operations need to reduce air
pollution?
People who are exposed to air toxics
at sufficient concentrations, for sufficient
durations, may increase their chances of
getting cancer or experiencing other
serious health effects, such as
reproductive problems, birth defects, and
aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that can
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
Paint and coating stripping operations
strip paints and coatings from surfaces of
metal and wood furniture and parts.
Paint and coating removal may be
needed either as part of the
manufacturing process or to allow for
maintenance or repair operations.
The best paint and coating removal
operations implement pollution
prevention strategies not only to help
comply with federal, state, local, and
Tribal laws, but also to go beyond
compliance and further minimize
impacts on human health, the
environment and costs. Check with your
state, local, and Tribal agencies for
existing regulations.
What kinds of air pollutants may
come from paint and coating stripping
operations?
Solvents in chemical paint strippers
can release volatile organic
compounds (VOC) and some toxic
air pollutants. Chemicals in these
substances can also react in the air to
form ground-level ozone (smog),
which has been linked to a number of
respiratory effects.
Methylene chloride is found in many
chemical paint strippers. While
federal, state, local, and Tribal
regulations limit the amount of
emissions from paint and coating
stripping operations, dangerous
releases of methylene chloride can occur
if a paint and coating stripping operation
is not in compliance with regulations.
Lead, chromium and cadmium are metals
that may be generated as particle
pollution (dust) during abrasive paint
removal or mechanical paint stripping.
Breathing dust can cause respiratory
problems and other harmful health
effects.
How can paint and coating stripping
operations reduce air pollution?
Making changes in operation work
practices can stop pollutants at the source and
increase production efficiency. By evaluating
and improving work practices, operations can
decrease emissions, reduce production costs,
and protect employee and public health.
Examples of changes in work practices that
help reduce air pollution include:
Evaluating Painting and Coating
Processes
Investigate how painting or coating
processes can be improved, so surfaces
will not need to be stripped and repainted.
Using Alternatives to Chemical Stripping
Consider using abrasives, with proper
particle pollution controls, to remove
paint.
Investigate thermal or cryogenic stripping
techniques.
Use paint strippers that do not contain
chemicals that produce toxic air
pollutants.
Controlling Dust from Abrasive
Technologies
Protect worker health and safety by using
respirators as needed.
-------
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Paint and Coating Stripping Operations
9/12/05
As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from paint and coating stripping
operations?
Make Connections
Get to know local paint and coating stripping
operation owners and operators. They know best
about the materials and processes used in their
business and the regulations with which they must
comply.
Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
more public involvement.
Make a Plan
One idea is to form a work group that includes both
community leaders and paint and coating stripping
operation owners and operators to develop and
implement workable pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
Use the "For Further Information" list below to find
governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
provide help with analysis, technical information,
equipment, and funding.
See Owner/Operator Information Sheet for more
reduction measures.
Sponsor Training and Translation
New skills or new technology that reduces
hazardous material usage and generation and
results in reduced exposure for workers.
Small operations may need funding in order to
attend or provide training.
Reward Shops
Use media connections to provide coverage for
successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
increased business.
Present pollution prevention certificates to shops
that reduce pollution.
Be an Informed Consumer
Patronize operations that implement pollution
prevention strategies.
Find out how items will be stripped before
refinishing.
For Further Information
National Paint and Coatings Association: www.paint.org, (202) 462-6272
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive
Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
EPA Sector Strategies Program for the Paint and Coating Sector: www.epa.gov/sectors/paintcoatings/index.html
EPA's Guide to Cleaner Technologies: Organic Coating Removal: www.p2pays.org/ref/02/01048.pdf
Paints and Coatings Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org
Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org
Training opportunities: Paint and coating stripping technology vendors
Source Reduction Research Partnership's Source Reduction and Recycling of Halogenated Solvents in Paint
Stripping: www.p2pays. org/ref/01/00666.pdf
Toxicity of paints and solvents: Paint suppliers, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air
Toxics Health Effects Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)
For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
-------
crrn
HEALTHY AIR
> COMHIinr > IHIIIISi 1IMIIIIUIII
Could your family
be affected?
One company in
Minnesota reviewed its
paint and coating
operations to determine
why extra paint stripping
was needed. By
improving their painting
and coating processes,
burn-off of racks and
reject parts decreased
by 20 percent and saved
over $17,000 annually.
Minnesota Technical
Assistance Program
The Paint and Coating
Manufacturing Sector
partners with EPA to
assess opportunities for
improving environmental
performance while
reducing regulatory
burden.
U.S. EPA
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Paint and Coating Stripping Operations
Why should my paint stripping
operation prevent air pollution?
People who are exposed to air toxics
at sufficient concentrations, for sufficient
durations, may increase their chances of
getting cancer or experiencing other
serious health effects, such as
reproductive problems, birth defects, and
aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention safeguards the .
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source. For
example, using abrasive blasting with
proper particle pollution (dust) controls
instead of chemical strippers reduces
worker exposure but creates more waste.
Pollution prevention practices may
also save money on waste disposal,
solvent usage, and the cost of air
pollution controls.
You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. These
practices can go beyond compliance and
further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.
Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my paint and coating
stripping operation?
Solvents in chemical paint strippers
can release volatile organic
compounds (VOC) and some toxic
air pollutants. Chemicals in these
substances can also react in the air to
form ground-level ozone (smog),
which has been linked to a number of
respiratory effects.
Methylene chloride is found in many
chemical paint strippers. While federal,
state, local, and Tribal regulations limit
the amount of emissions from paint and
coating stripping operations, dangerous
releases of methylene chloride can occur
if a paint and coating stripping operation
is not in compliance with regulations.
Lead, chromium and cadmium are
metals that may be generated as particle
pollution (dust) during abrasive paint
removal or mechanical paint stripping.
Breathing dust can cause respiratory
problems and other harmful health
effects.
How can I reduce air pollution from my
paint and coating stripping operation?
Evaluate Painting and Coating Processes
Assess your painting and coating
processes to determine what is causing
the need to strip and repaint. Improperly
cleaned or dried parts, faulty equipment,
or improper handling may damage a
product and make it necessary to strip
and repaint.
Use Chemical Strippers without
Methylene Chloride
Use strippers, such as dibastic ether, that
do not contain chemicals that produce
toxic air pollutants.
Use aqueous "hot" strippers.
Use other solvent "cold" strippers.
While hot and cold stripping are less
toxic than using methylene chloride, use
caution when implementing them.
A facility that repaints 30- and 5 5-gallon drums for reuse switched from
using a hot caustic paint remover to using a mechanical paint removal
system of metal and nylon brushes. The net savings was $35,000 a year,
including $6,000 a year from not needing to purchase sodium hydroxide.
Solvent Alternatives Guide
-------
OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
Paint and[Coating Stripping Operations
9/12/2005
Consider Mechanical Methods
Rub small areas of non-detailed surfaces with a brush
made of wire, animal hair, plastic, or synthetic
materials that have been impregnated with abrasive
grit.
Protect worker health and safety by using respirators
as needed.
Implement Abrasive Stripping Techniques
Tumbling is a stripping method in which parts are
placed in a mixer and tumbled with stones or other
abrasive material.
Plastic medium blasting is a paint and coating
stripping method that uses nontoxic plastic media to
remove paint and coatings from parts. Plastic
blasting media can also be recycled and reused until
the particles are too small to be effective.
Wheat starch can be used for blasting. Wheat starch
blasting media are made from renewable agricultural
products, which reduces nonrenewable resource
consumption.
Sodium bicarbonate can be used for paint and
coating stripping by mixing it with water and
shooting the mixture at the part to be stripped. The
water controls dust and cools the part being stripped.
Investigate other abrasive paint stripping methods,
including carbon dioxide pellet cryogenic blasting,
high-pressure water blasting, and medium-pressure
water blasting.
Protect worker health and safety by using respirators
as needed.
Use Heat or Cold to Remove Paint
Bum-off ovens use high temperatures to burn paint
off a surface. Organic paint volatilizes into carbon
dioxide and water. Inorganic pigments may need to
be scraped off.
Immerse parts in a molten salt bath. This method also
volatilizes organics in coatings into carbon dioxide
and water. Inorganic pigments remain on the part and
need to be scraped off.
Use fluidized sand beds. Heated sand or other
granulated material vaporizes the organics in the
coating and gently removes inorganic residue from
the part.
Flash lamps and lasers are new technologies.
Focused light from these two sources is used to heat
the coating and decompose it.
Cryogenic paint stripping freezes the coating until it
cracks and can be mechanically removed from the
surface.
Control Dust when Using Abrasive Technologies
Plastic blasting and wheat starch blasting can generate
paint chips that may contain metals such as cadmium
and lead.
Plastic media blasting can create dust that is
flammable. Ensure that the dust from plastic media
blasting does not reach levels where combustion can
occur.
Protect your workers by using respirators as needed.
How do I choose which paint and coating stripping
technology to use?
Choosing the appropriate paint and coating removal
technology to use requires a consideration of many factors
such as the location, size, and composition of the object to
be stripped.
The size and location of the object may restrict the type
of technology that can be used. For example, racks used in
painting and coating operations may be too large to move
into a chamber for thermal stripping.
The composition of the object to be stripped may limit
the kinds of the stripping technology that can be used as
well. For instance, some metals may be susceptible to
cracking when plastic medium blasting is used. Wheat
starch blasting may be preferable.
What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
Your community may already have groups working for
cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be very
helpful to these groups.
Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested businesses. A list of these small
business assistance programs can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
Also, sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example, you could provide a cash award for workers who
implement cost-saving work practices.
-------
HEALTHY AIR
ACOHMlim AM IVSIIISS UAปllป HEM
Could your family
be affected?
An agricultural
implement manufacturer
in Wisconsin switched
from stripping rejected
parts in a hot sodium
hydroxide bath to using
plastic media blasting.
Comparison:
A. Hot Bath Method
Annual amount of
hazardous waste
generated: 19,000
pounds
Annual cost of
hazardous waste
disposal: $36,000
B. Plastic Media
Blasting Method
Cost of plastic media:
$8,000
Capital cost for plastic
media blasting unit:
$8,000
Annual cost of
hazardous waste
disposal plastic media:
Net annual
savings: $32.000
Solvent Alternatives
Guide
Resources
National Paint and Coatings Association: www.paint.org, (202) 462-6272
Paints and Coatings Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org
EPA Sector Strategies Program for the Paint and Coating Sector: www.epa.gov/
sectors/paintcoatings/index.html
Small Businesses: www.epa.gov/smallbusiness
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Pollution Prevention Techniques
U.S. EPA Guide to Cleaner Technologies: www.p2pays.org/ref/02/01048.pdf
Reducing waste and hazardous materials: www.mntap.umn.edu/paint/56-
PaintStrip.htm
Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Research Center: www.pprc.org/pprc/rpd/
fedfund/epa/epastd/evalbead. html
Stripping Alternatives
Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org
Safer stripping and cleaning materials: www.mntap.umn.edu/paint/55-
SaferStripping. htm
Toxicity of Chemical Paint Strippers
Paint stripper suppliers and vendors
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html
An aviation company installed a closed, plastic bead-blast paint stripper
system to replace chemical stripping using methylene chloride.
Installation costs were $18,000, and the payback period based on
reduced waste-disposal costs alone was estimated at 3.6 years. Overall,
the technology is relatively inexpensive and can easily be transferred to
other industries and small companies.
Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Research
Center
-------
Paint and Coating
Stripping
-------
ul
HEALTHY AIR
Could your family
be affected?
Just 20 old non-EPA-
certified wood stoves
can emit more than 1
ton of fine particles into
your community during
the cold months of the
year.
U.S. EPA
Through a collaborative
effort, U.S. EPA Region
5 and the Hearth, Patio,
and Barbecue
Association
implemented the Great
Stove and Fireplace
Changeout Program.
Working closely with
the Great Lakes states
resulted in the removal
and destruction of over
1,200 old woodstoves.
Of these, 20 percent of
the residents switched
from wood heat to gas
while the other 60
percent switched to
more efficient and less
polluting EPA-certified
woodstoves or pellet
stoves.
U.S. EPA
9/12/05
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Residential Wood Burning
Why do residents who burn wood need to
reduce air pollution?
People who are exposed to air toxics at
sufficient concentrations, for sufficient
durations, may increase their chances of
getting cancer or experiencing other serious
health effects, such as reproductive
problems, birth defects, and aggravated
asthma.
Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using materials,
processes, or practices that reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source.
During the winter months, some people
rely on woodstoves, fireplaces, or fireplace
inserts as the primary heating device to heat
a house or a room. Others enjoy the warmth
and ambience of wood heat and only burn
wood occasionally.
Wood is a renewable resource with some
benefits over non-renewable fossil fuels.
However, the smoke created from wood
burning can contribute significantly to air
pollution and public health problems.
State, local, and Tribal agencies may
already have in place pollution prevention
programs related to residential wood
burning. Check with your state, local, and
Tribal agencies for existing regulations.
What kinds of air pollutants may come
from residential wood burning?
Smoke resulting from improperly burned
wood contains many chemical
substances that are considered harmful.
These include: some toxic air pollutants,
fine particle pollution, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic
compounds (VOC).
Toxic air pollutants are an important
component of wood smoke. A group of
toxic air pollutants known as polycyclic
organic matter includes benzo(a)pyrene,
which may cause cancer.
Particle pollution in smoke can damage
lung tissue and lead to serious
respiratory problems when breathed in
high concentrations. In low
concentrations, particle pollution in
wood smoke can harm the health of
children, the elderly, and those with
existing respiratory diseases.
How can residents reduce wood smoke air
pollution?
Making changes in wood burning
practices can stop pollutants at the source and
increase heating efficiency. By improving
these practices, people burning wood can
decrease emissions, reduce heating costs, and
protect family and public health.
Examples of changes in wood burning
practices include:
Considering Cleaner Fireplace Fuels
Natural gas or propane stoves emit very
little pollution.
Pellet stoves burn renewable dried wood
and sawdust and bum cleaner than cord
wood.
Heating More Efficiently
Replace an old woodstove, fireplace, or
fireplace insert with new, more efficient,
EPA-certified equipment. New
woodstoves use less wood.
Wood pellets in an appropriate pellet
stove produce 25% to 50% less pollution.
Reduce heating needs by weatherizing.
Changing Burning Practices
Burn only hardwoods that are clean, dry,
and seasoned because they produce lower
emissions of pollutants.
Never bum garbage, trash, plastics,
paints, solvents, charcoal/coal, or treated
woods.
Burn small, hot fires instead of large,
smoldering fires.
Do not burn when the outdoor air quality
is poor.
Installing, Inspecting, and Maintaining
Have your new heating appliances, such
as an EPA-certified woodstove,
professionally installed to ensure proper
operation.
Have the chimney and the woodstove,
insert, or fireplace inspected annually by a
professional.
Clean chimneys on a regular basis..
-------
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Residential Wood Burning
9/12/05
How have government agencies already helped to
reduce wood smoke air pollution?
Some government agencies have already taken
measures to reduce air pollution from wood burning
appliances by:
Restricting wood burning when local air quality is
poor.
Banning or restricting the installation of wood-burning
appliances in new construction.
Issuing air pollution emission standards and
establishing certification requirements for wood
heaters.
Sponsoring woodstove changeout programs.
Conducting information and outreach efforts.
Participate in the Great American Woodstove
Changeout!
This campaign, sponsored by US EPA, the Hearth
Industry and others, uses educational information and
financial incentives to encourage residents to destroy
or trade in their old, uncertified, and inefficient
woodstoves.
Manufacturers, distributors, and retailers may offer
cash rebates off the purchase price of a new cleaner
burning hearth product. See
www.epa.gov/woodstoves.
What else can you do to reduce air pollution from
residential wood burning?
Make Connections
Get to know local wood burning equipment retailers.
They know best about the types of equipment available
for residential wood burning and the regulations with
which the equipment must comply.
Get to know members of your community who burn
wood. They can share their concerns about residential
wood burning as well as ideas about how to reduce air
pollution from wood burning.
Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
updates. Publicity can reward success and attract more
public involvement.
Communicate the potential health, safety and financial
benefits of burning cleaner.
Make a Plan
One idea is to form a work group that includes local
citizens and wood burning equipment retailers to develop
and implement workable pollution reduction plans.
Understand and communicate the health effects from
exposure to wood smoke.
Locate Resources
Use the "For Further Information" list below to find
governmental and nonprofit contacts who can provide
help with analysis, technical information, equipment, and
funding.
Inform Your Community
Hold public workshops to inform people on how to burn
wood more efficiently. See Canada's Burn It Smart
program for an effective model.
Use public workshops to educate residents about new
woodstove and fireplace designs that are more efficient
and less polluting than old models.
Reward Communities
Use media connections to encourage involvement and
provide coverage for successful efforts.
Visibly display awards or certificates within the
community to increase interest.
For Further Information
US EPA's Clean Burning Woodstove and Fireplace Web Site: www.epa.gov/woodstoves
Great American Woodstove Changeout Campaign: http://www.epa.gov/woodstoves/changeout.html
Hearth, Patio and Barbecue Association: www.hpba.org, (703) 522-0086
Woodburning Handbook: www.arb.ca.gov/cap/handbooks/wood_burning/wood_burning_handbook.pdf
Chimney Safety Institute of America: www.csia.org, (623) 547-0920
Canada's Burn It Smart Program: www.burnitsmart.org/english/index.html
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
American Lung Association: www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9OOE&b=23354, 800-LUNG-USA
Great Stove and Fireplace Changeout Program: www.woodstovechangeout.org, (877) 81-STOVE [(877)-817-8683]
-------
HEALTHY AIR
A COftHVIITV ป IVSIRI5S UUtIS CHItl
Could your family
be affected?
The inhalable particle
pollution from one
woodstove is equivalent
to the particle pollution
emitted from 3,000 gas
furnaces producing the
same amount of heat
per unit.
California Air Resources
Board
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Residential Wood Burning
Why should I reduce air pollution
when burning wood in my home?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that can
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source. For example, switching from an
old woodstove to an EPA-certified stove
reduces the amount of smoke produced
when you burn wood.
Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from residential wood
burning?
Smoke resulting from improperly
burned wood contains many chemical
substances that are considered
harmful. These include: some toxic
air pollutants, fine particle pollution,
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides,
and volatile organic compounds
(VOC).
Toxic air pollutants are an important
component of wood smoke. A group
of toxic air pollutants known as
polycyclic organic matter includes
benzo(a)pyrene, which may cause
cancer. Dangerous releases of toxic
In most areas of the country, wood burning from fireplaces and woodstoves is the larg-
est source of particle pollution generated by residential sources. It can contribute as
much as 80% in the winter months.
Olympic Region Clean Air Agency
air pollutants can occur if you burn
wood in a fireplace, old woodstove,
or old fireplace insert.
Particle pollution in smoke can
damage lung tissue and lead to
serious respiratory problems when
breathed in high concentrations. In
low concentrations, particle pollution
in wood smoke can harm the health
of children, the elderly, and those
with existing respiratory diseases.
How can I reduce air pollution from
my woodstove, fireplace, or fireplace
insert?
Replace your old dirty woodstove
with a cleaner and more efficient
heating alternative such as gas, oil,
propane, or electric heat. This will
reduce your family's and neighbors'
exposure to wood smoke pollution
and will heat your home more
efficiently.
Bum only clean, dry, and seasoned
wood that has been split and dried for
at least 6 months.
Bum hardwood rather than
softwoods. Hardwoods are denser
and burn more slowly and evenly,
which produces less smoke.
Hardwoods also provide more heat
energy.
-------
CONSUMER INFORMATION SHEET
Residential VypgdlBurning
9/12/2005
Heat More Efficiently
Replace an old woodstove, fireplace insert, or
fireplace with an EPA-certified woodstove or EPA-
certified fireplace insert. Certified stoves use about
one-third as much wood and circulate more heat into
the home instead of out the flue. They emit 70% less
pollution on average. That means less pollution
indoors and out.
Install a wood pellet stove, which uses compressed
wood waste. It uses excess combustion air to make a
fire bum hot and clean. These stoves are considered
the most efficient stoves available with efficiency
ratings exceeding 80%.
Stop using your fireplace or install an EPA-certified
wood burning fireplace insert, which burns fuel more
efficiently than a fireplace. Fireplaces typically lose
more heat from your home than the provide.
Change Operating Practices
Never burn garbage, trash, plastics, rubber,
petroleum products, paints, solvents, charcoal/coal,
or treated woods. Burning these materials can be
toxic and extremely harmful to your family and
neighbors. These toxins can also foul the catalytic
combustor and flue.
Bum small, hot fires instead of large smoldering
fires.
Use small pieces of wood and do not overload the
appliance.
Clean ashes from the stove. Excess ashes can clog a
stove's air intake vent, reducing its efficiency.
Watch the chimney for smoke. Properly burning fires
should give off only a wisp of white steam. The
darker and thicker the smoke, the more pollutants the
fire emits, and the more fuel it wastes.
Do not burn wood when the outdoor air quality is
poor.
Inspect and Maintain
Have a professional inspect and maintain your wood
heater and chimney on an annual basis. These
inspections are essential to ensure safe and clean
wood burning.
Have a professional clean your chimney regularly to
remove creosote buildup. Clean chimneys reduce the
chance of a chimney fire.
How can I get the most out of my investment in wood
burning equipment?
Select a stove that is certified clean-burning and tested
to EPA standards, i.e., those sold after 1992.
Make sure it's properly installed, and inspected, and
maintained.
Avoid smoldering fires. For example, do not lower the
airflow to the stove at night.
Use only seasoned firewood, split to the right size for
your stove or fireplace.
Reduce your need for fuel: make your home more
energy-efficient by weatherizing it.
What else can I do to reduce air pollution from wood
smoke?
Help your community start a public awareness
program to encourage cleaner wood burning practices,
including information on the proper operation and
maintenance of wood heaters; proper wood selection and
use; the health effects of wood smoke; weatherization
methods for homes; and determining the proper size of
the heating equipment needed before purchase and
professional installation. See the "Resources" section on
the next page for more sources of information.
Burning garbage and other materials can be toxic and extremely harmful to the wood burning
resident and neighbors. These toxics can also foul the catalytic combustor and flue.
Significant levels of smoke pollutants leaking from fireplaces and stoves have been measured in some
wood burning homes. If you can smell smoke, there is a problem. This is an important issue,
particularly if a family member suffers from respiratory problems or heart disease.
-------
HEALTHY AIR
Could your family
be affected?
EPA-certified stove
emits 70% less
pollution on average,
than non-certified
stoves. They can use
1/3 less wood as non-
certified stoves and
deposit less creosote
in chimneys.
That means there is
less chance of a
chimney fire, and will
save you energy, time,
and money.
US EPA
Resources
US EPA's Clean Burning Woodstove and Fireplace Website:
www.epa.gov/woodstoves
Hearth, Patio and Barbecue Association: www.hpba.org, (703) 522-0086
Local Woodstove and fireplace retailerssee yellow pages or www.hpba.org
Woodburning Handbook:
www.arb.ca.gov/cap/handbooks/wood_burning/wood_burning_handbook.pdf
Chimney Safety Institute of America: www.csia.org, (623) 547-0920
Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals: www4.nau.edu/itep, (928) 523-
9555
Olympic Region Clean Air Agency (ORCAA): www.orcaa.org/woodstove.html
Burn It Smart Campaign: www.burnitsmart.org/english/index.html
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
A Guide to Residential Wood Heating: www.fiprecan.ca/woodguide.pdf
An Introduction to Home Heating with Wood:
www.canren.gc.ca/app/filerepository/07C50F2F71C04818B9D567DOA2706246.pdf
Air Pollution from Wood-Burning Appliances and Fireplaces:
www.eere.energy.gov/consumerinfo/factsheets/ja3.html
Woodstoves and Fireplaces: www.ysaqmd.org/woodstv.htm
About the Air: 2001 Clean Air Excellence Award Recipients:
www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-aqd-newlt-April02.pdf
Placer County Air Pollution Control District in California has implemented a rebate
program to encourage residents to replace high polluting non-EPA certified stoves with
newer, cleaner-burning stoves such as an EPA Phase II certified woodstove, or a pellet
stove or gas stove.
Placer County Air Pollution Control District
Just 20 old non-EPA-certified wood stoves can emit more than I ton of fine particles
into your community during the cold months of the year.
U.S.EPA
-------
Residential Wood
Burning
-------
Ill
HEALTHY AIR
Could your family
be affected?
Ohio EPA's Office of
Pollution Prevention
has published
"Woodworking and
Refinishing Pollution
Prevention
Opportunities," which
provides examples of
how to calculate cost
savings and
environmental benefits.
Any company can insert
their material usage
numbers and calculate
potential cost savings
and environmental
benefits.
Office of Pollution
Prevention,
Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency
EPA has developed an
online pollution
prevention tool for
paints and coatings.
Called The Coatings
Guide, this guide
contains several tools
to help users identify
coatings with low VOC
and hazardous air
pollutant content that
may be suitable for
replacing more toxic
paints or coatings.
U.S. EPA
9/12/05
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Wood Furniture Operations
Why do wood furniture operations
need to reduce air pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
Wood furniture operations
manufacture or finish furniture for
homes, offices, stores, public buildings,
and restaurants. Wood furniture
operations activities include drying,
sawing, waxing, sanding, and finishing,
all of which may release pollutants into
the air and may contribute to health
concerns in the operation and in the
community.
The best wood furniture operations
implement pollution prevention
strategies not only to help comply with
federal, state, local, and Tribal laws but
also to further minimize impacts on
human health and the environment.
Check with your state, local, and Tribal
agencies for existing regulations.
What kinds of air pollutants may
come from wood furniture
operations?
Wood furniture operations can
produce emissions of toxic air
pollutants.
Finishes, stains, and topcoats applied
during the finishing process can
release some toxic air pollutants and
volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Chemicals in these substances can
react in the air to form ground-level
ozone (smog), which has been linked
to a number of respiratory effects.
Other sources of toxic emissions
include adhesives used for gluing and
solvents used during cleanup.
Stripping processes during refinishing
can also emit air pollution.
While federal, state, local, and Tribal
regulations limit the amount of
emissions from wood furniture
operations, dangerous releases of toxic
air pollutants can occur if a wood
furniture operation is not in compliance
with regulations.
How can wood furniture operations
reduce air pollution?
Making changes in operation work
practices can stop pollutants at the source
and increase production efficiency. By
evaluating and improving work practices,
operations can decrease emissions, reduce
production costs, and protect employee and
public health.
Examples of changes in work practices that
help reduce air pollution include:
Substituting Materials
Use alternative coating and adhesive
formulations with lower toxic air
pollutant and VOC content.
Use cleaners with lower toxic air
pollutant and VOC content.
Increasing Application Efficiency
Replace old equipment with new and
efficient equipment, such as high-
volume low-pressure (HVLP) spray,
airless spray, air-assisted airless spray,
or electrostatic spray guns.
Train painters in proper spray
application techniques to reduce
emissions and enhance the quality of
the paint finish.
Use a coating method that does not
require spraying .
Changing Cleaning Procedures
Use cleaning procedures that reduce the
amount of solvent needed.
Schedule production runs to minimize
the amount of cleaning needed between
colors or products.
-------
COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
Wood Furniture Operations
9/12/05
Recycling Materials
Reuse cleaning solution or solvent by using dirty
solvent for initial cleaning, following with clean
solvent.
Use an on-site distillation unit to recycle dirty
cleaning liquid.
Recover solvents for reuse.
As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from wood furniture operations?
Make Connections
Get to know local wood furniture operation owners
and operators. They know best about the materials
and processes used in their business and the
regulations with which they must comply.
Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
more public involvement.
Make a Plan
Form a work group that includes area owners and
operators to develop and implement workable
pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
Use the "For Further Information" list below to
find governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
provide help with analysis, technical information,
equipment, and funding.
Sponsor Training and Translation
Small operations may need funding in order to
attend or provide training.
Improved skills lead to reduced finishing material
usage and exposure for workers.
Reward Operations
Use media connections to provide coverage for
successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
increased business.
Visibly displayed awards or certificates may also
increase business.
For Further Information
American Home Furnishings Alliance: www.qfina4u.org, (336) 884-5000
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Wood Furniture Manufacturing Operations:
www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/wood/riwood.html
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
Painting technique training opportunities: The American Home Furnishings Alliance, Iowa Waste Reduction Center:
www.iwrc.org/programs/STAR.cfrn, (800) 422-3109
Toxicity of paints and solvents: Local wood manufacturing trade associations, Integrated Risk Information Systems
(IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris~), Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)
Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org
The Coatings Guide: www.cage.rti.org
For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
Switching coating types reduces emissions ofVOC and toxic air pollutants by 25%.
Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Resource Center
-------
HEALTHY AIR
A COHMflllTT Alt I BSIMISf UAItIS BQItt
Could your family
be affected?
One furniture
manufacturer installed a
7-gallon solvent recovery
unit for $4,500. By
running it 2 times a day,
it recovered 5 gallons of
reusable solvent for
every 7 gallons of
cleanup waste. Waste
reduction was 1,900
pounds per year, and
cost savings were
$3,200 a year.
University of Wisconsin
Solid and Hazardous
Waste Education
Center
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Wood Furniture Operations
Why should my wood furniture
operation reduce air pollution?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source. For
example, covering containers of cleaning
solvents prevents vapors from affecting
your employees.
Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, or Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.
Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my wood furniture
operation?
Wood furniture operations can
produce emissions of toxic air
pollutants.
Finishes, stains, and topcoats applied
during the finishing process can
release some toxic air pollutants and
volatile organic compounds (VOC).
Chemicals in these substances can react
in the air to form ground-level ozone
(smog), which has been linked to a
number of respiratory effects.
Other sources of toxic emissions
include adhesives used for gluing and
solvents used during cleanup. Stripping
processes during refinishing can also
emit air pollution.
While federal, state, local, and Tribal
regulations limit the amount of
emissions from wood furniture
operations, dangerous releases of toxic
air pollutants can occur if a wood
furniture operation is not in compliance
with regulations.
How can I reduce air pollution from my
wood furniture operation?
Substitute Materials
Use alternative adhesive systems or
formulations such as hot melts, hot seal,
aqueous-based, or polyvinyl acetate.
Switch to less toxic coating types such
as high-solids nitrocellulose, aqueous-
based, ultraviolet (UV) cured, or
polyester/polyurethane.
Use aqueous-based cleaners which have
lower toxic air pollutant and VOC
content.
Use alternative stripping materials that
contain N-methyl pyrrolidone or
gamma-butyrolactone. These are water-
soluble, biodegradable solvents.
Using fully enclosed spray gun washers reduces solvent evaporation by
approximately 50%.
Office of Pollution Prevention, Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency
-------
OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
Wood Furniture Operations
9/12/2005
Instead of solvents, use heat to adjust viscosity of the
coating. This reduces the amount of solvent used.
Increase Application Efficiency
Use more efficient paint application equipment to
reduce overspray such as switching to a high-
volume, low-pressure spray (HVLP), airless spray,
air-assisted airless spray, or electrostatic spray guns.
Train painters in proper spray application techniques.
Proper training, which includes information on gun
position, motion, triggering, and overlap, can reduce
air pollutant emissions and enhance the quality of the
paint finish.
Use a coating method that does not require spraying
such as vacuum coating, dip coating, roll coating,
flow coating, dry coating, and curtain coating.
Lower Emissions at the Source
Cover all containers securely to reduce the chance of
spills when transferring materials.
Use funnels or pumps to avoid spills when
dispensing materials.
Keep glue containers covered to reduce toxic vapors.
Minimize evaporative emissions by using enclosed
or mechanical parts washing and gun washing
systems.
Store rags and towels in a closed container.
Change Cleaning Procedures
Use mechanical cleaning such as scraping or wiping
before using solvents.
Minimize solvent use by cleaning spray guns in a
gun washer.
Use water-based detergents or acetone in place of
more toxic cleaning solutions.
To reduce the frequency of cleaning equipment,
arrange light-color to dark-color batch sequencing
Schedule production runs to minimize the number of
color changes.
Recycle Materials
Reuse cleaning solution or solvent. Use dirty solvent
for initial cleaning, then follow with clean solvent.
Use an on-site distillation unit to clean dirty cleaning
liquid. This makes the solvent available for reuse in
the production process. On-site distillation reduces
both the cost of solvent disposal and fresh solvent
purchase.
Recover solvents for reuse.
Collect and reuse any staining operations
overspray.
Upgrade Your Operation's Equipment
Check with your state, local, or Tribal pollution
prevention office for funding possibilities.
Are HVLP spray guns really better? Where can I
find out about training?
HVLP guns are better if technicians are trained
properly. Toxic air pollutant emissions released during
a painting operation are directly related to the skill of
the spray gun operator.
Properly used, HVLP spray guns often result in a
higher transfer efficiency, which results in reduced
overspray.
Reduced overspray reduces costs and worker
exposure to toxic emissions.
Information about training may be found at
Iowa Waste Reduction Center: www.iwrc.org/
programs/STARxfin or call (800) 422-3109
Local or state pollution prevention offices .
Spray equipment suppliers
What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
Your community may already have groups
working for cleaner air. Your expertise and
knowledge can be very helpful to these groups.
Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-
site assessments for interested businesses. A list of
these small business assistance programs can be found
at www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example, you could provide a cash award for workers
who implement a work practice that reduces both
costs and pollution.
-------
HEALTHY AIR
column nil ilium iiuiii MIII
Could your family
be affected?
One furniture
manufacturer replaced
all air spray guns with
HVLP guns and reduced
the amount of coating
needed to spray
production parts
by 39%.
HVLP gun cost: $8,125.
Payback period: 3
weeks.
Reason: Decreased
coating purchases.
Pollution
Resources
American Home Furnishings Alliance: www.qftna4u.org, (336) 884-5000
EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/cornmunity.html
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Wood Furniture Manu-
facturing Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/wood/riwoodhtml
Wood Furniture and Fixtures Industry Sector Notebook:
www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/wdfu
rnsn.pdf
Paint and Coatings Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org
University of Wisconsin Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center:
www. irwex.edu/ces/ag/sus/wood/pdfmdex/
Pollution Prevention: www.pprc.org/pubs/factsheets/laund7.html
Alternatives
Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org
The Coatings Guide: www.cage.rti.org
Toxicity of Solvents
Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/hapindex.html
Ohio EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention has published "Woodworking
and Refmishing Pollution Prevention Opportunities," which provides
examples of how to calculate cost savings and environmental benefits.
Any company can insert their material usage numbers and calculate
potential cost savings and environmental benefits.
Office of Pollution Prevention, Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency
-------
Wood I in mime
Operations
-------
9/12/05
Glossary
Some terms within the Information Sheets may be unfamiliar to you and may be terms you
encounter when you talk with owners and operators about pollution prevention. The General
Terms define words and phrases typically used in the pollution prevention world as whole. The
Topic-Specific terms are words or phrases that may be associated with particular business
sectors. These sectors are listed in parentheses after the definition.
General Terms
Air Emissions - The release or discharge of a pollutant into the air.1
Carcinogen - An agent capable of inducing cancer.2
Fine Particulate Matter- Particulate matter less 2.5 microns across or less.
Fugitive Emissions - Emission of a chemical to the air that does not occur from a stck, vent,
duct, pipe, or other confined air stream (e.g., leaks from joints).3
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) - Any gas that absorbs infrared radiation in the atmosphere.
Greenhouse gases include, but are not limited to, water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO,), methane
(CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ozone (O3), hydrofluorocarbons
(MFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfu hexafluoride (SF6).4
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) - Defined under the Clean Air Act as pollutants that cause or
may cause cancer or other serious health effects, such as reproductive effects or birth defects, or
adverse environmental and ecological effects. Currently, the Clean Air Act regulates 188
chemicals and chemical categories as HAP.5
Heavy metals - Metals such as chromium, cadmium, mercury, and lead.
Risk Glossary from Ken Milchell.
'Ibid.
Ibid.
4!bid.
5lbid.
October 13.2005
-------
9/12/05
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODSs) - Substances that cause the deterioration of the earth's
protective ozone layer.
Particle Pollution - Fine liquid or solids such as dust, smoke, fumes, or smog found in air or
emissions.6
Pollution Prevention (P2) - Pollution prevention is the use of materials, processes, or practices
that reduce or stop the creation of pollutants or waste at the source. It includes improved
operating practices like material substitution, process and equipment modifications, and energy
and wastewater conservation. Pollution prevention is stopping pollution before it starts.
Solvent - A solvent is a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance to make a new
solution. Solvents are used to dissolve paint solids to make paint and as cleaning solutions
because they dissolve grease and oils.
Source - Any place or object from which pollutants are released.7
Substrate - The material on which another material is coated or fabricated (substratum).8
Toxiciry - The degree to which a substance or mixture of substances can harm humans or
animals.9
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) - Organic compounds (such as a solvent, thinner, or an
alcohol-based material) that evaporates easily into the air and is the leading cause of ground-level
ozone (air pollution, also known as smog.") Volatile Organic Compounds include toluene,
benzene, and xylene, which are also HAPs.
Work practices - an action performed by workers to prevent or reduce emissions of air toxics.
Such actions can include vacuuming up dust, opening containers only when necessary, and
keeping employees updated on housekeeping measures.10
Topic-Specific Definitions
EPA Terms ol" Environment.
Glossary by Ken Mitchell.
American Heritage Dictionary
g
EPA Terms of Environment.
Drawn from knowledge & context of fact sheets.
October 13,2005
-------
9/12/05
Aneroid blood pressure cuffs - non-liquid blood pressure cuffs. (Hospitals)
Bath - a tank of chemicals in which a metal part is dipped to apply a metal coating.
(Electroplating Operations)
Bath dumps - Chemicals that have degraded or become contaminated over time and no longer
serve their function. (Electroplating Operations)
Carbon adsorbers - Control devices that remove vapors from an air stream by adsorbing the
vapor onto an activated carbon surface. (Dry Cleaning Operations)
Creosote - An oily residue that forms from unburned wood gases. (Residential Wood Burning)
Densified logs - Logs that are made of compressed sawdust. (Residential Wood Burning)
Diisocyanates - Chemicals in auto body part painting operations, especially for clear coat
applications, which are a leading cause of occupational asthma. (Auto Body Shops, Metal
Operations)
Dry, seasoned wood - Wood that has been split and dried for at least six months and has <20%
moisture by weight. (Residential Wood Burning)
Fountain solution - A plating solution that keeps the ink from adhering where it should not on
the plate. (Printing Operations)
Gun wash system - A cleaning system used to clean spray guns after being used to spray auto
body parts. (Auto Body Shops, Paint and Coating Operations, Metal Operations, Wood Furniture
Operations, Shipbuilding and Repair and Repair Operations)"
High solids paints and coatings - Paints and coatings with more solids and less solvents than
conventional coatings. (Auto Body Shops, Paint and Coatings Manufacturing, Paint and Coating
Operations, Wood Furniture Operations)
High-Volume Low-Prcssure (HVLP) spray guns - A spray gun that uses columns of low
pressure air to cause turbulence within the paint as the first stage of atomization. The air used for
the final step of atomization originates from high-volume turbine blowers and is transferred to
the gun using large-diameter air lines.12 (Auto Body Shops, Paint and Coating Manufacturing,
Derived from context in auto body Tact sheet.
12
University of Northern Iowa, Small Business Pollution Prevention Center. Autobody Surface Coating: A Practical Guide to
Reducing Air Emissions. P. 10.
October 13. 2005 3
-------
9/12/05
Paint and Coating Operations, Metal Operations, Wood Furniture Operations, Ship Building and
Repair Operations, Commercial Construction)
Incomplete Combustion - Fuel from the firewood that does not burn. (Residential Wood
Burning)
Low emission vapor degreasers (LEVD) - Completely enclosed, airtight units used to clean off
machining oil and other contaminants from metal parts. (Metal Operations)
Metalizing - A process in which pure metal (not paint) is sprayed onto a ship's surface.
(Shipbuilding and Repair Operations)
Off-Specification - Paint or coating material that does not meet quality or customer
specifications. (Paint and Coating Manufacturing)
Overspray - The amount of spray that misses its target (Auto Body Shops, Paint and Coating
Operations, Metal Operations, Wood Furniture Operations)
Pigment - Provides color to the paint or coating. (Paint and Coating Manufacturing)
Plating - The process where the surface of the metal is modified by adding several layers of
metal coating by using a series of baths and then allowing the part to dry. (Electroplating
Operations)
Pyrometallurgical treatment - High temperature processing used in metal casting. (Metal
Operations)
Refrigerated condensers - Control devices that recover solvent vapor emissions by cooling the
air stream to the point it condenses to liquid form. (Dry Cleaning Operations)
Sharps - Items such as needles or broken glass that may puncture the skin. (Hospitals)
Solvent-based inks - Set by evaporation of the ink oil at elevated temperatures. (Printing
Operations)
Spill container - Catches and contains spilled solvent from the dry cleaning machine. (Dry
Cleaning Operations)
Transfer efficiency - The percentage of material atomized through the spray gun that actually
ends up as a coating on the desired surface. (Auto Body Shops, Paint Operations, Metal
October 13. 2005
-------
9/12/05
Operations. Wood Furniture Operations, Shipbuilding and Repair Operations)'J
UV-Cured Inks - Inks that are set by using radiant energy. (Printing Operations)
UV Light Cured Coatings - These coatings use UV light to set the coating instead of solvents.
(Paint and Coating Operations, Wood Furniture Operations, Metal Operations)
JUniversity of Northern Iowa. Small Business Pollution Prevention Center. Autobody Surface Coating: A Practical Guide to
Reducing Air Emissions. P. 7.
October 13. 2005
-------
Glossary
-------
Additional Information
To further assist you as you work with small business owners and operators, we have supplied
additional information. These include resources for small businesses, information about state
local pollution prevention offices, pollution prevention programs within the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, and independent pollution prevention offices.
Small Business Assistance Program
As a result of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (the Act), all States must develop a
program to assist small businesses in meeting the requirements of the Act. Since then, these
programs have expanded to provide assistance in other environmental areas, including water and
waste issues. See Table 1 in the Contacts section for a listing of small business programs by
state. You can also find a listing at www.smallbiz-enviroweb.org/sba/sbap.html.
Likewise, EPA has established its own Small Business Assistance Program (SBAP) to provide
technical assistance to these State small business programs. Information about the SBAP can be
found at www.epa.gov/ttn/sbap. This site contains information small businesses need to know
related to general compliance issues from the Act (i.e., environmental audit protocols, small
business compliance policies, EPA audit policy) as well as information pertaining to specific
types of businesses. Examples include a compliance guide for the auto body repair industry,
architectural coatings guide, and guides on wood finishing and furniture rules and regulations.
This information is available directly from the internet or in downloadable form.
Small Business Gateway
The EPA maintains a small business gateway website (www.epa.gov/smallbusiness) that has a
list of several types of resources. These resources are briefly described below.
General Small Business and Environmental Information - Offers links both within
the EPA and other Federal government agencies where information related to how small
businesses and can comply with air quality regulations is available.
Environmental Assistance and Technical Help - Contains a listing of websites and
downloadable material available through the EPA.
Contacts and Environmental Experts - Lists contacts within the EPA as well as State
and local environmental agencies or departments, and local Small Business
Administration sources. It also provides links to industrial sector representatives who
specialize in compliance and pollution prevention techniques for their industry.
Printed on Oclober 18.2005.
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Environmental Regulations and Laws - Serves as a collection point linking to the
Federal Register, the Code of Federal Regulations, the United States Code, and other
types of environmental regulations and laws that might impact small businesses.
The Bottom Line: Saving and Finding Money - Presents information and links related
to Federal assistance, business financing, doing business with the EPA, and financial
models.
Frequently Answered Questions - Lists questions and answers that small business
owners and operators may have about air quality requirements and business assistance.
State and Local Pollution Prevention Offices
State and local pollution prevention offices also offer further information regarding pollution
prevention methods and training for small businesses interested in pollution prevention. Tables 2
and 3 in the Contacts section list state and local pollution prevention programs. This listing may
also be found on the internet at www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm.
EPA Programs
The EPA has implemented several pollution prevention programs aimed at preventing pollution
across the board. These include the Design for the Environment, Enviro$en$e, pollution
prevention, and compliance assistance centers. These programs will be discussed in more detail
in the following sections. Links to these programs and other pollution prevention programs may
be found at www.epa.gov/epahome/p2pgram.htm.
EPA Pollution Prevention Offices
Within its ten Regions, the EPA has established pollution prevention offices. Personnel within
these offices offer technical assistance and information specifically tailored to their Region.
Moreover, they can provide contacts for further pollution prevention information. Table 4 in the
Contacts section lists the EPA Regional Pollution Prevention contacts.
EPA's Design for the Environment
The Design for the Environment (DfE) program is one of EPA's premier partnership programs.
The purpose of the DfE is to work with individual industry sectors to compare and improve the
performance, and reduce the human health and environmental risks, and costs of existing and
alternative products, processes, and practices. These partnership projects promote integrating
cleaner, cheaper, and smarter solutions into everyday business practices. The following briefly
describe each partnership project. Also, more information is available at www.epa.gov/oppt/dfe.
Primed on October 18. 2005.
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Automotive Refinishing - Works with the automotive repair industry and individual
shops both to raise awareness of the health and environmental concerns related to
refmishing activities and to encourage the use of safer, cleaner, and more efficient
practices and technologies. For pollution prevention information related to air toxics
from auto body shops, please see the auto body information sheets.
Adhesives - Formed an Adhesives Technologies Partnership that works with members of
the adhesives industry, Federal, state, and local governments, and public interest groups
to develop alternative solvents and processes for adhesive technologies. Currently, the
Partnership is focusing on creating safer substitutes for methylene chloride-based
fabricated foam adhesives used in the fabricated foam furniture and sleep products
industry.
Computer Display - This partnership is investigating the life-cycle states, processes,
and/or materials that contribute to environmental impacts from the products. The
information collected will be used to identify opportunities for product improvement and
will reduce potentially adverse environmental impacts and costs.
Garment and Textile Care - This partnership is committed to promoting
environmentally benign technologies for garment and textile care through a systems
approach to the development, manufacture, distribution, and care of garments and textile
products. For pollution prevention information related to air toxics from dry cleaners,
please see the Dry Cleaning Operations information sheets.
Flexographic Printing - This partnership provides technical information and pollution
prevention tips to printers doing flexographic printing to help them perform as efficiently
and environmentally responsible as possible. For pollution prevention information
related to air toxics from the printing industry, please see the Printing Operations
information sheets.
Formulator - DfE created the Formulator Initiative to encourage and assist formulators
in designing products with more positive environmental and health profiles than
conventional products. Through this initiative, the DfE can supply formulators with
information on chemical characteristics and toxicities of raw materials or additives as
well as recognize DfE Formulator Initiative partners.
Gravure Printing- This partnership's goals are to (1) Identify common environmental
issues for small- and medium-sized printers in the packaging and product sectors; and
(2) encourage printers and product sectors to address these issues by reducing risk and
preventing pollution. For information related to pollution prevention, please see the
Printing Operations information sheets.
Primed on October 18.2005.
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Industrial and Institutional Laundry - This partnership was formed to develop
products with improved environmental and human health characteristics. This
partnership works to remove polluting chemicals from formulations, increase
environmental and health benefits through using reformulated products, and advance
energy and water efficiency, resource conservation, and innovative technologies.
Integrated Environmental Management Systems - An Environmental Management
System is a set of management tools and principles that allows companies to
systematically manage environmental health and safety matters. This partnership takes
the ISO 14001 framework several steps further by incorporating redesign, chemical risk
management, use of cleaner technologies, and pollution prevention.
Lead-Free Solder Partnership - This is a voluntary partnership with members of the
electronics industry and other interested parties. They are evaluating the environmental
impacts of tin-lead, tin-copper, tin-silver-copper, and tin-silver-copper, bismuth solders
by using a life-cycle assessment approach.
Lithographic Printing-This partnership's goals are to incorporate environmental
considerations into business decisions and to switch to blanket washes that contain fewer
VOC, lower vapor pressure and fewer hazardous chemicals, where appropriate. For
pollution prevention information related to the lithographic printing industry, please see
the Printing Operations information sheets.
Printed Wiring Board (PWB) - This partnership was formed to foster open and active
participation in addressing environmental challenges faced by the PWB industry.
Moreover, it has identified, evaluated, and disseminated information on viable pollution
prevention opportunities within the industry.
Screen Printing - This partnership is focusing on two projects. First, they are
developing an industry-wide IEMS to identify and reduce chemical risk. Second, they are
developing a Cleaner Technologies Substitutes Assessment (CTSA) and have completed
a comparison of the environmental and human health risks. For more information on
pollution prevention in the screen printing sector, please see the Printing Operations
information sheets.
Primed on Ocioher 18.2005.
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Enviro$en$e
Enviro$en$e is a free, public environmental information system found on the internet. This
website provides users with pollution prevention/cleaner production solutions, compliance and
enforcement assistance information, and innovative technology and policy options. In particular,
it includes information on solvent substitution materials. The following briefly describe the
information found in Enviro$en$e.
Integrated Solvent Substitution Database (ISSDS) - The ISSDS provides access to
information from multiple data systems related to solvent alternatives.
Solvent Alternatives Guide (SAGE) - Evaluates the user's current operating scenario
and then identifies possible surface cleaning alternative solvent chemistries and processes
that best suits the defined operating and materials requirements.
Hazardous Solvent Substitution Data System (HSSDS) - The HSSDS is a
comprehensive system of information on the alternatives to hazardous solvents as well as
related substances. It lists product information, material safety data sheets, and other
related information.
Joint Service Pollution Prevention Technieal Library - The Joint Service Pollution
Prevention Technical Library is maintained by the Naval Facilities Engineering Service
Center and is available by direct access or by search facilities to foster technology transfer
with other organizations.
Department of Defense Ozone Depleting Chemical/Substance Information - Offers
information and databases related to ozone-depleting chemicals and substances used by
the Department of Defense.
Solvent Handbook Database System (SHDS) - Provides access to environmental and
safety information related to solvents used in maintenance facilities and paint strippers.
Solvents Database (SOLV-DB) - Provides an easily accessed gateway to a wide variety
of data on solvents.
Materials Compatibility Database (MATCOMPAT) - Gives laboratory test data to
assist in the implementation of ODC-free alternative solvents that are compatible with
materials used in electronic assemblies.
Related Documents - Other related documents are also linked on this website. See the
Enviro$en$e website, www.es.epa.gov for more information.
Primed on October IS. 2005. 5
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Compliance Assistance Centers
EPA partners with industry representatives and others on sector-specific Compliance Assistance
Centers. These centers support various industries providing tools such as checklists, plain
language guides, and technical information to help small businesses understand their regulatory
requirements. The following is a list of sectors and their websites:
Agriculture: www.epa.gov/agriculture/
Auto Recyclers: www.ecarcenter.org
Chemicals: www.chemalliance.org
Construction: www.ciccenter.org
Federal Facilities: www.epa.gov/fedsite
Local Government: www.lgean.org/
Metal Finishing: www.nmfrc.org/
Paints and Coatings: www.paintcenter.org/
Printed Wiring Boards: www.pwbrc.org/
Transportation: www.transource.org
National Agriculture Compliance Assistance Center. This center serves as a "first stop" for
information related to environmental requirements that impact the agriculture community. It
offers comprehensive, easy-to-understand information about compliance which are
commonsense, flexible approaches that are both environmentally protective and agriculturally
sound. It includes information on pollution reduction and prevention technologies.
Environmental Compliance for Automotive Recyclers (ECAR). Funded by the EPA, ECAR
serves as a central clearinghouse to answer questions regarding preparing for environmental
inspections, complying with regulations, and saving money by incorporating necessary changes.
Coordinating Committee for Automotive Repair (CCAR). The CCAR is a compliance
assistance center that aids those involved in the automotive repair industry to better understand
their environmental responsibilities.
ChernAlIiance. This organization provides regulatory information for the chemical process
industries. It also lists over 350 pollution prevention case studies and 200 good management
practices that are linked to specific process operations and site locations where they can be
applied.
Printed on October 18. 2005.
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Construction Industry Compliance Assistance Center. Funded by the EPA, this site offers a
plain language explanation of environmental rules for the construction industry. It also provides
links to detailed information, including State regulations and other resources.
FedSite. This site serves as a virtual compliance assistance center containing environmental
regulations, pollution prevention, and policies affecting Federal agencies. It offers a virtual tour
of a Federal facility and provides links to other Federal agencies as well as State environmental
programs.
Local Government Environmental Assistance Network (LGEAN). LGEAN offers a "first
stop shop" for a local government's elected and appointed officials related to environmental
management, planning, funding, and regulatory information.
National Metal Finishing Resources Center (NMFRC). This organization provides a
clearinghouse for all types of metal finishing compliance and pollution prevention information.
It features experts who can answer various questions metal finishers may have about compliance
and pollution prevention.
Paints and Coatings Resource Center (PCRC). This centers's main goal is to deliver
regulatory and pollution prevention information either directly to businesses or indirectly through
state and local agencies and consultants. Also, PCRC has pertinent information related to paints
and coatings in the home.
Printed Wiring Board Resource Center (PWBRC). The PWBRC provides easy-to-use, in-
depth technical information on pollution prevention and regulatory compliance for the printed
wiring board industry.
Printers' National Environmental Assistance Center (PNEAC). The PNEAC is a partnership
between industry, government, and university technical assistance providers serving the printing
industry. It assists regulatory agencies and technical assistance providers by delivering current,
reliable environmental compliance and pollution prevention information to printers, publishers,
and packagers.
Transportation Environmental Resource Center (TransSource). This organization identifies
up-to-date information on environmental compliance requirements and to make that information
available to transportation professionals and the public.
Pollution Prevention
Primed on October 18. 2005.
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EPA maintains a pollution prevention website that serves as a clearinghouse for information
related to pollution prevention. EPA sees pollution prevention as
a vehicle for 'reinventing' traditional Agency programs and devising innovative
alternative strategies to protect public health and the environment. It is a key
element of new EPA initiatives to focus attention on reducing risks from
persistent, bioaccumulative toxic pollutants in the air, in water, and on land; to
promote environmental justice and urban environmental quality; to empower state
and tribal programs; to lower the incidence of climate change; and to demonstrate
the results and benefits of our labors.'
In essence, pollution prevention plays a primary role in environmental performance and
sustainability within the private sector. The pollution prevention homepage provides the
following links:
E.IP2 (Environmental Justice Pollution Prevention) - EPA has provided funding to help
minority and low-income communities address environmental concerns through pollution
prevention. This website provides information related to these projects.
EPP (Environmentally Preferable Purchasing) - The EPP program is a program for
Federal agencies that encourages them to purchase environmentally preferable products
and services. These products or services should have a reduced effect on human health
and the environment when compared to competing products and services that serve the
same purpose.
PBT (Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic) Program - EPA is working on a new
approach to reduce exposure to and risk from PBT chemicals. They are accomplishing
this through increase coordination among EPA national and Regional programs by
creating an enduring cross-office system that will address cross-media issues associated
with priority PBT pollutants. This link provides more information related to EPA's PBT
Chemical Program.
Green Chemistry- Green chemistry promotes the design of chemical products and
processes that reduce or eliminate the generation of hazardous materials. This web page
provides links to EPA's Green Chemistry Program.
'U.S. EPA, wwvv.epa.gov/opptintr/p2home.
Printed on October 18. 2005.
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Green Meetings - This web page provides information and links to show meeting
planners how-to effectively plan a meeting and minimize the negative impact that
meetings can have on the environment.
Environmental Labeling - Environmental Labeling, also known as environmentally
preferable purchasing (EPP) covers a broad range of activities ranging from business-to-
business transfers of product-specific environmental information to environmental
labeling in the marketplace. This web page contains links to EPP guidance, Federal
efforts, tools, documents, and other links.
Design for the Environment - See the above section related to Design for the
Environment.
Environmental Accounting - This web page links to the Environmental Management and
Accounting (EMA) international website.
Other Pollution Prevention Programs
Several organizations outside EPA have developed websites that serve as a clearinghouse for
information related to pollution prevention. Many of these organizations are regionally based,
but they contain information that may apply to your area. Below is a listing of these sites.
Table 5 in the Contact system lists those organizations with specific contacts.
Northeast States Pollution Prevention Roundtable/P2 Information Center:
wwvv.newmoa.org
Waste Reduction Resource Center/P2 Information Center: www.wrrc.p2pays.org
Great Lakes Regional Pollution Prevention Roundtable/P2 Information Center:
www.glrppr.org
Southwest Pollution Prevention Information Center/P2 Information Center:
www.p2.utep.edu
Region 7 Pollution Prevention Regional Information Center/P2 Information Center:
www. p2ric.org
Peaks to Prairies Center/P2 Information Center: www.peakstopraires.org
Western Regional Pollution Prevention Network/P2 Information Center: www.wrppn.org
Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Resource Center: www.pprc.org
P2 Gems: www.p2gems.org
P2Rx: www.p2rx.org
Printed on October 18. 2005.
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Additional
InCoi million
-------
State
AL
AL
AK
AZ
AR
AR
AR
CA
CO
Table 1. List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Management
Alabama Small Business
Development Center
Alaska Small Business
Development Center
Arizona Small Business
Development Center
Business Assistance Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Arkansas Small Business
Development Center
Business Assistance Programs,
Arkansas Department of
Environmental Quality
Business Assistance Program,
California Air Resources Board
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of Public
Health and Environment
Contact
(E-mail)
(mhs@adem.state.al.us)
(sandef ur@ uab.edu)
(anjaf@uaa.alaska.edu)
None provided
James Gilson
(jgilson@adec.state.ar.us)
(jmroderick@ualr.edu)
(Help-CustSvs@adeq.state.af.us)
(ombudsman@arb.ca.gov)
Nick Melliadis
(nick.melliadis@state.co.us)
Phone
Number1
(800) 533-2336
(205) 943-6750
(800) 478-7232
(480)731-8720
(501) 682-0923
(501) 324-9043
(501)682-0866
OR
(888)233-0326
(800) 363-7664
(303)692-3172
OR
(800) 866-7689
(In-state only)
Agency Web Site
www.adem.staLal.us
www.asbdc.org
www.aksbdc.org
www.disLmaricopa.edu/sbdc
www.adeq.state.ar.us/custsvs/busine
ssassLhtm
www.ualr.edu/~sbdcdept
www.adeq.state.ar.us/custsvs/busine
ssassLhtm
www.arb.ca.gov/ba/ba.htm
www.cdphe.state.co.us/ap/sbap.asp
Services Provided
Technical assistance
Financial assistance
Confidential business counseling,
business training, resource library
One-on-one counseling and
customized training
Technical and compliance
assistance, recognition programs
Business consulting, training,
research
Technical assistance, expert
resources
Technical assistance
Technical assistance,
Ombudsman
October 13,2005
-------
State
CT
CT
DE
DE
FL
FL
GA
GA
ffl
Table 1 . List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Protection
Connecticut Small Business
Development Center
Business and Community
Services, Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental
Control
Delaware Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Protection
Florida Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program
Georgia Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance,
Department of Health
Contact*
(E-mail)
Tracy Babbidge
(tracy.babbidge@po.state.ctus)
None listed
None provided
None provided
None provided
(fsbdc@uwf.edu)
(adword@mail.dnr.state.ga.us)
(blogan@sbdc.uga.edu
Marilyn Aguilar
(maguilar@eha.health.state.hi.us)
Phone
Number*
(860) 424-3382
(860) 486-4135
OR
(860)386-1581
(302) 739-6400
(302)571-1555
None provided
(850)595-6060
(877) 427-6255
(706) 542-6762
(808) 586-4528
Agency Web Site
www.dep.state.cLus/air2/smallbus.ht
m
www.sbdc.uconn.edu
www.dnrec.state.de.us/dnrec2000/A
dmin/BusServ/BOSOff.htm
www.delawaresbdc.org
www.dep.state.fl.us
www.floridasbdc.com
www.gasmallbiz.org
www.sbdc.uga.edu
www.hawaii.gov/health/eh/cao/inde
x.html
Services Provided
Technical information and
assistance and small-business
advocacy
Business development
On-site assessments, permitting
assistance, and guides and
manuals
Financial assistance
Technical assistance,
publications, training
Financial assistance
Technical assistance
Business and technical assistance
Technical information and
assistance
October 13,2005
-------
State
ffl
ED
EL
IL
DL
IN
IN
Table 1 . List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Hawaii Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Quality
Small Business Environmental
Assistance Program -
Department of Commerce and
Community Affairs
niinois Small Business
Development Center
Office of Small Business,
Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency
Office of Pollution Prevention
& Technical Assistance,
Department of Environmental
Management
Compliance and Technical
Assistance Program, Department
of Environmental Management
Contact*
(E-mail)
(hbrl@hbrl-sbdc.org)
(starowsk@deq.state.id.us)
(rjackson@commerce.state.il.us)
(mpetrill@commerce.state.il.us)
(epa8 140@epa.state.il.us)
Marc Hancock
(mhancock@dem.state.in.us)
Not provided
Phone
Number*
(808)875-2402
(208) 373-0502
(217) 527-8909
(217) 524-5700
(888)372-1996
(800) 233-5627
(800) 988-7901
Agency Web Site
www.brl.sbdc.org
www2.state.id.us/deq/assistance/sba/
index.htm
www.commerce.state.il.us/doingbusi
ness/Reg_Env/EnvHome.htm
www.commerce.state.il.us/doingbusi
ness/First_Stop/SBDCServices.htm
www.epa.state.il.us/small-
business/index.html.
www.state.in.us/idem/oppta
www.state.in.us/idem/ctap/index.ht
ml
Services Provided
Business research library,
database research, demographics,
monthly Small Biz Newsletter
Technical information and
assistance
Technical assistance
Financial Assistance
Technical assistance
Technical assistance
Educational workshops,
confidential site visits,
confidential phone assistance,
public recognition, compliance
assistance manuals, fact sheets
October 13,2005
-------
State
IA
KS
KY
KY
LA
LA
ME
ME
Table 1 . List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Iowa Department of Economic
Development, Small Business
Air Quality Liaison
Small Business Environmental
Assistance Program, Department
of Health and Environment
Kentucky Business
Environmental Assistance
Program
Kentucky Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Quality
Louisiana Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Technical
Assistance Program
Maine Small Business
Development Center
Contact*
(E-mail)
Wendy Walker
(wendy.walker@ided.stata.ia.us)
(sbeap@ksu.edu)
(kbeap@uky.edu)
LrnaugO@pop.uky.edu
(assist@deq.state.la.us)
(brrathbun@ulm.edu)
Roy Krout
(roy.Lkroutฎ state.me.us)
(msbdc@usm.maine.edu)
Phone
Number*
(515)242-4761
(785) 9196
OR
(800) 578-8898
(800) 563-2327
(859)257-7668
(888) 763-5424
(318)342-5506
(207) 287-8550
(207) 780-4420
Agency Web Site
www.iowasmart.com/services/assista
nce/airquality.html
www.sbeap.org
www.kbeap.org
None provided
www.deq.state.la.us/assistance/sbap
www.lsbdc.netl.nul.edu
www.state.me.us/dep/oia/
www.mainesbdc.org
Services Provided
None listed
Technical assistance for material
substitution, process
optimization, waste minimization
and recycling
Technical assistance, compliance
assistance
Financial assistance
Technical assistance, advocacy,
consulting
Clearinghouse and referral
service
Regulatory guidance and
technical assistance
Small business counseling and
training
October 13,2005
-------
State
MD
MD
MD
MA
MA
MI
MN
MS
Table 1. List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environment
Maryland Technology
Extension Service
Maryland Technology
Extension Service
Massachusetts Small Business
Development Center
Waste Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Protection
Michigan Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Program,
Pollution Control Agency
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Quality
Contact*
(E-mail)
(agosden@mde.state.md.us)
(info@mcet.org)
Paul Gieta
(pg26@umail.umd.edu)
(gep@msbdc.umass.edu)
Nancy Wrenn
(nancy, wrenn @ state.ma.us)
(ron @ misbdc .wayne.edu)
None provided
Jesse Thompson
(jesse_thompson@dequ.state.ms.
us)
Phone
Number*
(410) 631-3772
(301) 934-7500
(301) 405-8593
(413) 545-6301
(617) 292-5586
(313)964-1798
(800) 657-3938
(800)725-6112
Agency Web Site
www.mde.state.md.us/permit/sbap.ht
ml
www.mcet.org
www.mtes.org
www.msbdc.som.umass.edu
www.state.ma.us/dep/bwp
www.michiganbdc.org
www.pca.state.mn.us/programs/sbap
_p.html
www.deq.state.ms.us/newweb/homp
ages.nsf
Services Provided
Technical and financial assistance
Technical assistance, training
Technical assistance
Counseling, training, and
technical assistance
Technical assistance and
publications
Financial assistance
Partnership-based compliance
support, on- and off-site visits,
workshops, loan information,
promotion
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, publications
October 13,2005
-------
State
MO
MT
MT
NE
NE
NV
NV
NH
Table 1. List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of Natural
Resources
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Quality
Montana Small Business
Development Center
Small Business & Public
Assistance Program, Department
of Environmental Quality
Nebraska Small Business
Development Center,
Manufacturing Extension
Program
Small Business Assistance
Program, Division of
Environmental Protection
Nevada Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Development
Center
Contact*
(E-mail)
Byron Shaw
(nrshawb@mail.dnr.state.mo.us)
(wnorton @ state.mt.us)
(brouse@state.mtus)
(Ombudsman)
Ann Desch
(Adesch@state.mtus)
Tom Franklin
tom.franklin@ndeq.state.ne.us
Rick Yoder
(ryoder@ unomaha.edu)
(jgoodman@ndep.carson-
city.nv.us)
Kevin Dick
(dick@unr.edu)
(aob@cisunix.unh.edu)
Phone
Number*
(573) 526-6627
(406) 444-3641
(406) 841-2746
(877) 253-2603
(402)595-2381
'(775)687-4670
(702) 689-6677
(603) 647-2622
Agency Web Site
www.dnr.state.mo.us/deq/tap/smbus.
htm
www.epa.gov/ttn/sbap
www.commerce.state.mt.us
www.deq.state.ne.us
www.nbdc.unomaha.edu
www.ndep.state.nv.us/sba/sbaO 1 .htm
www.nsbdc.org/env_program/pol_pr
ev
www.nhsbdc.org
Services Provided
Multi-media technical assistance,
on-site assessments
Technical assistance
Technical assistance
"One stop" technical assistance
Environmental assistance
Technical and financial
assistance, on-site assessments
On-site assessments,
product/equipment information,
economic evaluations, seminars
Financial assistance and
environmental counseling
October 13,2005
-------
State
NH
NJ
NJ
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
Table 1 . List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Technical
Assistance Program, Department
of Environmental Services
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Protection
New Jersey Small Business
Development Center
New Jersey Technical
Assistance Program
New Mexico Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program
North Carolina Small Business
Development Center
Department of Health, Small
Business Assistance Program
Contact*
(E-mail)
(sbtap@des.state.nh.us)
Ky Asral
(kasral@dep.state.nj.us)
(bhopper@yourbizpartner.com)
Laura Battista
(battista@megahertz.njit.edu)
None provided
(SBAP@nysefc.org)
(sdaugherty @ sbtdc.org)
(tbachman@state.nd.us)
(dmountฎ state.nd.us)
(ombudsman)
Phone
Number*
(800) 837-0656
(In-state only)
OR
(603)271-1379
(877)753-1151
OR
(609) 292-3600
(973)353-1927
(973) 642-7539
(505)428-1362
OR
(800)281-7232
(800) 780-7227
(919)712-7272
(701)328-5188
Agency Web Site
None
www.state.nj.us/dep/opppc/sbat.htm
www.yourbizpartner.com
www.cees.njit.edu/njtap/
www.nmsbdc.org
www.nysefc.org/tas/SBAP/SBAP.ht
m
www.sbtdc.org
www.health.state.nd.us/ndhd/enviro
n/ee
Services Provided
None listed
Technical and administrative
support for pollution prevention
Counseling, training, information
tools, and referrals
None listed
Business assistance, training,
referrals
Environmental compliance
assistance and on-site
consultations
Extensive in-depth business
counseling and management
education services
Technical assistance
October 13,2005
-------
State
ND
OH
OH
OK
OK
OR
OR
PA
Table 1. List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
North Dakota Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency
Ohio Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program
Oklahoma Small Business
Development Center
Business Assistance Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Oregon Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program - EN VIROHELP
Contact*
(E-mail)
(ndsbdc @ sage.und.nodak.edu)
Rick Carleski
(rick.carleski@epa.state.oh.us)
Bill Fioretti
bill.fioretti@uc.edu
Kyle Arthur
(kyle.arthur@deq.state.ok.us)
None provided
Jill Inahara
(inahara.jill@deq.state.us)
Sandy Cutler
(sandy_cutler@ bizcenter.org)
None provided
Phone
Number1
(701)777-3225
(614) 644-4830
(513)556-2072
(800) 869-1400
OR
(405)702-1000
'(580) 745-7577
OR
(800) 522-6154
(800) 452-
401 l.ext. 6147
(541) 345-6006
(800) 722-4743
Agency Web Site
www.ndsbdc.org
www.epa.state.oh.us/dapc/sba/sbaint
ro.html
www.ohiosbdc.org
None provided
www.osbdc.org
www.deq.state.or.us/aq/BAP/index.h
tm
www.bizcenter.org
www.pa-envirohelp.org
Services Provided
One-on-one consultations,
applied economic research,
technical assistance, training
One-on-one consultations and
financial assistance
Business management consulting
- free and confidential
Compliance assistance, advocacy
Consultation, workshops,
financial assistance, referrals
Technical assistance
Business counseling and tools
Technical assistance, site visits,
publications, training
October 13,2005
-------
State
PA
PA
PR*
PR*
RI
SC
SC
SD
SD
Table 1. List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Pennsylvania Small Business
Development Center
Pollution Prevention/Energy
Efficiency Site Assessment
Grant Program
Small Business Assistance
Program
Puerto Rico Small Business
Development Center
Rhode Island Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of Health
and Environmental Control
South Carolina Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environment and Natural
Resources
South Dakota Small Business
Development Center
Contact*
(E-mail)
(pasbdc@wharton.upenn.edu)
None provided
(pr_sbap@hotmail.com)
(prsbdc@prsbdc.org)
(jantonio@dem.state.ri.us)
None provided
(pbarnes@uhivscvm.csd.sc.edu)
Joe Nadenicek
(joe.nadenicek@state.sd.us)
(wdruin @ usd.edu)
Phone
Number*
(215)898-1219
(717)783-9981
(787) 294-0101
(888) 300-7232
(401)232-6111
(800)819-9001
(803) 777-2126
(605)773-4216
(605) 677-5287
Agency Web Site
www.pasbdc.org
www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/p
ollprev/PEEC/default.htm
None provided
www.prsbdc.org
www.risbdc.org
www.scdhec.net/sbap
w w w . sbdc web .badm. sc.edu
www.state.sd.us/denr/DES/AirQualit
y/aasmba.htm
None provided
Services Provided
Technical and financial
assistance, information on energy
conservation and waste reduction
Provides grants to fund pollution
prevention and energy efficiency
assessments
None provided
Financial and business assistance,
training, and referrals
Consulting and seminars
Technical assistance, publications
Environmental assistance
Technical assistance
Compliance and technical
assistance
October 13,2005
-------
State
TN
TN
TX
TX
UT
UT
VA
VA
Table 1 . List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Environmental
Assistance Program, Department
of Environment and
Conservation
Tennessee Small Business
Development Center
Small Business and
Environmental Assistance,
Texas Commission on
Environmental Quality
North Texas Region Small
Business Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Quality
Utah Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Quality
Virginia Small Business
Development Center
Contact*
(E-mail)
(bgsbeap @ state.tn.us)
(SBEAP@state.tn.us)
(sbap@tnrcc.state.tx.us)
None provided
(rreece@dequ.state.uLus)
(randerson@deq.state.ut.us)
(Ombudsman)
(FinnerMi@slcc.edu)
None provided
(rwilburn@dba.state.va.us) .
Phone
Number*
(800) 734-3619
(615) 366-3900
(800) 447-2827
(214)860-5831
(801) 536-4091
(801) 957-3493
(804) 698-4394
OR
(800) 592-5482
(804) 371-8251
Agency Web Site
www.state.tn.us/environment/dca/sb
eap/
www.tsbdc.org
www.tceq.state.tx.us/AC/about/orga
nization/ed.html#3
www.ntsbdc.org/
www.eq.state.ut.us
None provided
www.deq.state.va.us/osba/smallbiz.h
tail
www.dba.state.va.us/smdev
Services Provided
Technical assistance, training
Financial and technical assistance
On-site technical assistance
Business .education
Compliance and technical
assistance
Financial assistance
Technical assistance
Financial assistance
October 13,2005
10
-------
State
VT
VT
WA
WA
WV
WV
WI
WI
Table 1. List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Compliance
Assistance Program
Vermont Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Ecology
Washington Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Protection
West Virginia Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Clean Air
Assistance Program
Wisconsin Small Business
Development Center
Contact
(E-mail)
Judy Mirro
(judy.min-o@arirmail.anr.state.vt.
us
(pcrawfor@vtsbdc.org)
(bbra46 1 @ecy. wa.gov)
None provided
(fdurham@mail.dep.state.wv.us)
None provided
(tcoogan@commerce.state.wi.us)
Not provided
Phone
Number*
(802) 241-3745
OR
(800) 974-9559
(In-State only)
(802)728-9101
OR
(800) 464-7232
(In State Only)
(360) 407-6803
(509) 358-7765
(304) 926-3647
(304) 558-2960
OR
(888) 982-7232
(608) 267-9214
(608) 263-7794
Agency Web Site
www.anr.sate.vt.us/dec/ead/eadhome
/sbap.htm
www.vtsbdc.org
www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/air/small
_business_assistance.htm
www.sbdc.wsu.edu
www.dep.state.wv.us/
www.wvsbdc.org
www.wienvirohelp.com
www.cf.uwex.edu/sbdc
Services Provided
Compliance assessments,
information, and assistance
Counseling, environmental
assistance, and training
Technical assistance and
information
Training, research, technology
development
Technical Assistance
One-on-one consulting, financial
assistance, workshops
Technical assistance
One-on-one counseling and
workshops
October 13,2005
11
-------
State
WY
WY
Table 1 . List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Assistance
Program
Wyoming Small Business
Development Center
Contact1
(E-mail)
(dclarkฎ state, wy .us)
(DDW@uwyo.edu)
Phone
Number*
(307) 777-7388
(800) 348-5194
Agency Web Site
www.deq.state.wy.us/outreach.htm
www.uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/sbdc
Services Provided
Technical assistance
Financial assistance
TContact listed on EPA website.
*PR=PuertoRico,
October 13, 2005
12
-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
AL
AK
AZ
CA
CA
CA
Agency
Pollution Prevention Unit,
Department of Environmental
Management
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Conservation
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
California Department of Toxic
Substances Control, Office of
Pollution Prevention
California Integrated Waste
Management Board
California Environmental Protection
Agency, Permit Assistance Centers
Contact*
(E-mail)
Gary Ellis
Thomas Turner
(thomas_turner@ envir
con.state.ak.us)
Joseph Sbesilo
(j s3 @ev.state.az.us)
Kathy Barwick
(kbarwick@dtsc.ca.gov
)
(bzassistฎ ciwmb.ca.go
v)
None provided
Phone Number*
(334) 394-4352
(907) 269-7586
(602) 771-4205
(916) 255-6421
(916)341-6613
(800)468-1787
Agency Web Site
www.adem.state.al.us/Education%2
ODiv/P2%20Program/P2FactSheet.
htm
www.state.ak.us/dec/prevhome.htm
www.adeq.state.az.us/environ/waste
/capdev/p2
www.dtsc.ca.gov/Pollution_Prevent
ion/indix.html
www.ciwmb.ca.gov/BizWaste
www .calgold.ca.gov
Services Provided
Technical assistance, industry
sector fact sheets
Sector-specific technical assistance,
partnerships, workshops
Pollution prevention planning
assistance, environmental
management systems, partnerships,
training, on-site visits, publications,
and website
Sector- and process-specific
technical resources
Technical assistance, training,
awards, partnerships, waste
exchanges
Business assistance with permit
application and approval processes,
compliance assistance, referrals to
pollution prevention and other
business assistance programs
October 13,2005
13
-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
CO
CT
DE
DC*
DC*
PL
GA
HI
Agency
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Public Health and
Environment
Office of Pollution Prevention,
Department of Environmental
Protection
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Natural Resources
and Environmental Control
D.C. Department of Health
Environmental Health
Administration, Bureau of
Environmental Quality
Florida Pollution Prevention
Program, Department of
Environmental Protection
Pollution Prevention Assistance
Division, Department of Natural
Resources
Waste Minimization Project,
Department of Health
Contact*
(E-mail)
Margo Griffin
(margo.griffin @ state.c
o.us)
Robert Kaliszeweski
(robert.kaliszeweski@p
o.state.ctus)
Phil Cherry
(pcherry@dnrec.state.d
e.us)
Olivia Achuko
(noa@mail.environ.stat
e.dc.us)
None provided
Julie Abcarian
(julie.abcarian@dep.fl.
state.us)
(info@p2ad.org)
Marilyn Aguilar
(maguilar@eha.health.s
tate.hi.us)
Phone Number*
(303) 692-2979
(860)424-3003
(302) 739-4403
(202) 53502997
(202) 645-6080,
ext. 3079
(850) 245-8807
(404) 651-5130
(808) 586-4240
Agency Web Site
www.cdphe.state.co.us/el/elp_p2ho
m.asp
www.dep.state.ct.us/wst/p2/
www.dnrec.state.de.us/dnrec2000/p
2/p2home.htm
www.dchealth.com
www.environ.state.dc.us
www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categorie
s/p2
www.p2ad.org
www.state.hi.us/dbedt/ert/chc/brg97
.html
Services Provided
On-site assessments, telephone
consultations, financial assistance,
training, partnership program
Technical information and
assistance, small business advocacy
Pollution prevention guides for
specific industry sectors and
pollution prevention success stories
None listed
Technical assistance, publications
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, training and
publications
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, industry-sector
information
Technical assistance (hazardous
waste)
October 13,2005
14
-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
ID
EL
IA
KS
KS
KY
KY
LA
Agency
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Illinois Environmental Protection
Agency - Office of Pollution
Prevention
Pollution Prevention and Waste
Reduction Assistance Program,
Department of Natural Resources
Office of Planning & Prevention,
Department of Health &
Environment
Bureau of Environmental Field
Services, Department of Health and
Environment
Kentucky Department of
Environmental Protection
Kentucky Pollution Prevention
Center
Department of Environmental
Quality, Assistance
Contact
(E-mail)
Patti Best
(pbest@deq.state.id.us)
Kevin Greene
(epa8603@epa.state.il.
us)
Scott Vander Hart
(scott.vanderhart@dnr.
state.ia.us)
Janet Neff
(jneff@kdhe.state.ks.us
)
Cathy Colglazier
Matt Hackathorn
(matthew.hackathorn @
mail.state.ky.us
Cam Metcalf
(jcmetcO 1 @gwise.louis
ville.edu)
(assist@deq.state.la.us)
Phone Number*
(208) 373-0502
(217)785-0833
(515)281-4367
(785) 296-0669
None provided
(502)564-6716
(502) 852-0965
(225) 765-0219
Agency Web Site
www2.state.id.us/deq/assistance/p2.
htm
www.epa.state.il.us/p2/index.html
www . state, ia. us/dnr/organiza/wmad
/wmabureau/pollution/index.htm
www.kdhe.state.ks.us/sbcs/index.ht
ml
None provided
www.dep.ky.gov/default.htm
www.kppc.org
www.deq.state.la.us/assistance/sbap
/index.htm
Services Provided
Sector-specific and technical
information
Partnerships, technical assistance,
community outreach
Information and on-site assistance
Technical assistance, awards
program, newsletter, resource links
Technical assistance, newsletter,
resource links
None listed
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, training, applied
research
Technical assistance
October 13,2005
15
-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
ME
MD
MA
MA
MI
MN
Agency
Office of Innovation and Assistance
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environment
Executive Office of Environmental
Affairs, Office of Technical
Assistance
MA Executive Office of
Environmental Assistance - STEP
Program
Pollution Prevention Section,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Office of Environmental Assistance
Contact1
(E-mail)
Peter Cooke
(peter.cookeฎ maine.g
ov)
Laura Armstrong
(larmstrong@mde.state
.md.us)
Paul Richard
(paul.richard@ state.ma
.us)
Linda Benevides
(linda.benevides @ state
.ma.us)
(Horanm@michigan.go
v)
David Cera
(david.cera@ moea.stat
e.mn.us)
Phone Number*
(207) 287-7100
(410) 537-4158
(617) 626-1042
(617)626-1197
(517)373-9122
(651)215-0240
Agency Web Site
www.state.me.us/dep/oia/
www.mde.state.md.us/BusinessInfo
Center/PollutionPrevention/P2/inde
x.asp
www.state.ma.us/ota
www.state.ma.us/ota/support/step.ht
m
www.michigan.gov/deq/o,1607%2
07-135-3585 ,00.html
www.moea.state.mn.us/berc/index.
htm
Services Provided
Compliance and pollution
prevention assistance
Technical assistance, industry
sector information, case studies,
Environmental Management
System implementation assistance,
recognition
Pollution prevention assistance and
outreach, technology support
None listed
Financial assistance information,
on-site technical assistance,
reference materials
Phone assistance and referrals,
printed materials, workshops,
financial assistance, recognition and
promotion of success stories
October 13,2005
16
-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
MN
MS
MO
MT
MT
NE
NH
Agency
Pollution Prevention and
Sustainability Program, Pollution
Control Agency
Environmental Resource Center,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Environmental Assistance Office,
Department of Natural Resources
Pollution Prevention Bureau,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Montana Pollution Prevention
Program
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Services
Contact1
(E-mail)
Cindy Hilmoe
(cynthia.hilmoe@pca.st
ate.mn.us)
Thomas E. Whitten
(tom_whitten @deq.stat
e.ms.us)
David Goggins
(nrgoggd@mail.state.m
o.us)
(lmoore@state.mLus)
Michael T. Vogel
(mvogel @ montana.edu
)
Stephanie Vap-Morrow
(stephanie.vap-
morrow@ndeq.state.ne
.us)
Stephanie D' Agostino
s_dagostino@des.state.
nh.us
Phone Number*
(612) 296-7783
(601) 961-5241
(573) 526-6627
OR
(800) 361-4827
(406) 444-6697
(406) 994-5417
(402) 471-7784
(603) 271-6398
Agency Web Site
www.pca.state.mn.us/programs/p2-
s/index.htm
www .deq.state.ms .us/new web/hom
epages.nsf
www.dnr.mo.us/oac/smbus.htm
www.deq.state.mt.us
www.montana.edu/wwwated
www .deq. state.ne.us/
www.des.state.nh.us/nhppp
Services Provided
Technical assistance
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, publications
Multi-media on-site assessments,
awards program
Technical assistance
Technical assistance, materials
exchange, recognition program,
self-assessment checklists
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, awards programs
October 13,2005
17
-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices:
State
NM
NY
NC
NC
ND
OH
OK
Agency
Environment Department
Pollution Prevention Unit,
Department of Environmental
Conservation
Division of Pollution Prevention and
Environmental Assistance,
Department of Environment and
Natural Resources
Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, Customer Service
Center
Department of Health, Division of
Waste Management, Pollution
Prevention
Office of Pollution Prevention,
Environmental Protection Agency
Pollution Prevention Programs,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Contact1
(E-mail)
2a Green
(green_zia @ nmen v. stat
e.nm.us)
Mary Werner
(mhwerner@gw.dec.sta
te.ny.us)
Gary Hunt
(gary_hunt@ owr.ehnr.
state.nc.us)
(denr.csc @ ncmail.net)
(rtubbs@state.nd.us)
Michael Kelley
(Michael.Kelley@epa.s
tate.oh.us)
Dianne Wilkins
(dianne.wilkins @deqm
ail.state.ok.us)
Phone Number1
(800) 219-6157
(518)402-9469
(919)715-6500
OR
(800) 763-0136
(877) 623-6748
(701) 328-5266
(614) 644-2807
(405)702-9128
Agency Web Site
www.nmenv.state.nm. us/green_zia
_website/index.htm
www.dec.state.ny.us/website/ppu
www.p2pays.org
www.envhelp.org
www.health.state.nd.us/ndhd/enviro
n/wm/p2/index.htm
www.epa.state.oh.us/opp
www.deq.state.ok.us/CSDnew/p2.h
tm
Services Provided
Technical assistance, publications
Technical assistance, workshops,
publications, and referrals
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, publications
Permit and regulatory assistance
Information and assistance
Technical and financial information
assistance, materials exchange, on-
site assessments
Training, recognition programs,
clearinghouse of P2 technologies,
methods, and techniques
October 13,2005
18
-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
state
OR
PA
PR*
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
Agency
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Office of Pollution Prevention &
Compliance Assistance, Department
of Environmental Protection
Puerto Rico Department of
Environment
Office of Technical & Customer
Assistance, Department of
Environmental Management
Center for Waste Minimization,
Department of Health and
Environmental Control
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environment and
Natural Resources
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environment and
Conservation
Pollution Prevention Program,
Natural Resources Conservation
Commission
Contact*
(E-mail)
Marianne Fitzgerald
(fitzgerald.marianne@d
eq.state.or.us)
Eric Thumma
(thumma.eric @ dep. stat
e.pa.us)
Carlos Gonzales
Richard Enander
(renanderฎ dem.state.ri
.us)
Robert Burgess
(burgesre@columb30.d
hec.state.sc.us)
Dennis Clarke
(Info@denr.state.sd.us)
Karen Grubbs
(kgrubbs @mail.state.tn
.us)
Ken Zarker
(kzarker@tnrcc.state.tx
.us)
Phone Number*
(503) 229-5946
(717)783-0542
(809) 765-75 17 x
381
(401) 222-6822 ext.
4411
(803) 896-8986
(605) 773-4254
(615) 532-0463
(512)239-3144
Agency Web Site
www.deq.state.or.us/programs/p2/p
2.htm
www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/p
ollprev/pollution_prevention.html
None provided
www.state.ri.us/dem/programs/benv
iron/assist/pollut.htm
www.scdhec.net/eqc/admin/html/w
astemin.html
www.state.sd.us/denr/DFTA/Waers
hedProtection/P2/P2.htm
www.state.tn.us/environment/dca
www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/exec/sbea/p2t
ech.html
Services Provided
Education, assistance
Partnerships, workshops, financial
assistance, one-on-one consultation
Technical assitance
On-site assessments, training
seminars, and compliance
assistance
Technical assistance, publications
Technical assistance
Technical assistance, publications
On-site assessments, clearinghouse
of best practices, partnership
program, and industry-specific
resources.
October 13, 2005
19
-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
UT
VT
VI*
.VA
WA
WV
Agency
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Compliance Assistance and
Pollution Prevention Programs,
Agency of Natural Resources
Department of Planning and Natural
Resources
Office of Pollution Prevention,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Ecology
Office of Waste Reduction,
Industrial Assistance, Pollution
Prevention Services, Department of
Environmental Protection
Contact*
(E-mail)
Sonja Wallace
(swallace@deq.state.ut.
us)
Gary Gulka
(garyg@dec.anr.state.vt
.us)
None provided
Sharon K. Baxter
(skbaxter@deq.state.va
.us)
Lynn Helbrecht
(Ihel461 ฉecy.wa.gov)
Leroy Gilbert
(Igilbertฎ hotmail.com)
Phone Number1
(801) 536-4477
None listed
(340) 774-3320
(804) 698-4344
(360) 407-6760
(304) 465-0034
Agency Web Site
www.eq.state.ut.us/eqoas/poll_prev
www.anr.state.vLus/dec/ead/eadho
me/p2.htm
www.dpnr.gov.vi
www.deq.state.va.us/p2
www .ecy.wa.gov/programs/hwtr/p2
/index.html
www.dep.state.wv.us/p2
Services Provided
Technical assistance, awards
program, training
Technical and financial assistance,
workshops, training, and research
None listed
Technical assistance and materials
Education, technical assistance,
expert contact list
Technical assistance
October 13,2005
20
-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
WI
WY
Agency
Cooperative Environmental
Assistance, Department of Natural
Resources
Office of Outreach & Environmental
Assistance, Department of
Environmental Quality
Contact*
(E-mail)
Lynn Persson
Stephen Roseberry
(srosebฎ state.wy.us)
Phone Number*
(608) 267-3763
(307) 777-6105
Agency Web Site
www.dnr.state.wi. us/org/caer/cea
www.deq.state.wy.us/outreach.htm
Services Provided
Sector specialists, environmental
management system resources,
publications
Technical assistance, pollution
prevention opportunity assessment,
planning
TContact listed on EPA website.
*DC=District of Columbia. PR=Puerto Rico. VI= Virgin Islands
October 13,2005
21
-------
Table 3. List of Local Pollution Prevention Programs
State
KS
MO
ME
NY
NY
RI
Agency
Wichita-Sedgwick County
Department of Community
Health
Choose Environmental
Excellence - Gateway
Region
Lincoln-Lancaster County
Health Department
(LLCHD)
Erie County Department of
Environment and Planning,
Office of Pollution
Prevention
New York City WasteLe$$
Narrangansett Bay
Commission Pollution
Prevention Program
Contact*
(E-mail)
None provided
(info@ceegr.org)
(prooney@ci.lincoln.ne.us)
(nersey@cdbg.co.erie.ny.us)
(web@nycwasteless.org)
James McCaughey
(jmccaughey @ narrabay.com)
Phone
Number*
(316)268-8457
(314) 962-4100
(402)441-8644
(716)858-7674
(917) 237-5673
(401) 461-8848
ext 352
Agency Web Site
www.wscdch.org
www.ceegr.org
www.ci.lincoln.ne.us/city/health/environ
/index.htm
www.erie.gov/environment/compliance/
ofcpp.phtml
www.nycwasteless.org
www .narrabay.com/pollprevent.asp
Services Provided
None listed
None listed
Technical assistance covering
materials or process changes or
substitutions, research, training,
seminars, Title V air permitting,
hazardous waste collection and
response
On- site consultations and
workshops
Partnerships, sector-specific
technical assistance, and case
studies.
Technical assistance and
regulatory relief program
Contact listed on EPA website.
October 13,2005
22
-------
Table 4. List of EPA Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Contact*
(E-mail)
Phone
Numberf
Agency Web Site
Services Provided
Region 1 (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont)
EPA New England Pollution
Prevention Coordinators
New England Environmental
Assistance Team (NEEAT)
Robert Guillemin
(guillemin.robertฎ epa.gov)
Linda Darveau
(darveau.linda@epa.gov)
Mary Dever
(dever.mary@epa.gov)
(617) 918-2023
(888) 372-7341
(in New England)
OR
(617)918-1111
www .epa.gov/region l/assistance/p2/p
2resources.html
www.epa.gov/NE/asstistance/neeat/m
uni/index.html
Information, contacts, resources
Sector-based P2 and compliance
assistance
Region 2 (New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands)
EPA Region 2, Division of
Environmental Protection and
Planning, Pollution Prevention Team
EPA Region 2, Division of
Enforcement and Compliance
Assistance
EPA Region 2, Division of
Environmental Protection and
Planning, Solid Waste Programs
Caribbean Basin Pollution Prevention
Resources Exchange Center
Tristan Gillespie
(gillespie.tristan@epa.gov)
OR
Kathleen Malone
(malone.kathleen@epa.gov)
Ronald Lockwood
(lockwood.ronald@epa.gov)
Lorraine Graves
(graves.lorraine@epa.gov)
None provided .
(212) 637-3753
(Tristan)
OR
(212) 637-4083
(Kathleen)
(212) 637-3413
(212)637-3730
(787) 751-0239
www.epa.gov/region2/p2/p2home.ht
m
www .epa.gov/region2/p2/p2home.ht
m
No link provided
None provided
Resources, networking, and grants
program
Resources, workshops, and grants
program
Resources, networking, and
technical assistance
None listed
October 13,2005
23
-------
Table 4. List of EPA Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Contact*
(E-mail)
Phone
Numberf
Agency Web Site
Services Provided
Region 3 (Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia)
EPA Region 3, Pollution Prevention
Program
EPA Region 3, Business Assistance
Center
Jeff Burke
(burke.jeff@epa.gov)
OR
Lorna Rosenberg
(rosenber.lorna@epa.gov)
None provided
(215)814-2761
(215) 814-2761
www .epa.gov/reg3p2p2/
www .epa .gov/regibn3/sbac
Technical assistance, partnership
programs, and waste exchanges
Technical assistance, technology
development, and small-business
liaison
Region 4 (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee)
EPA Region 4, Pollution Prevention
Program
Dan Ahren
(ahern.dan@epa.gov)
(404) 562-9028
www.epa.gov/region4/air/polprev.htm
Resources and contacts
Region 5 (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin)
EPA Region 5, Pollution Prevention
Program
Phil Kaplan
(kaplan.phil@epa.gov)
(312)353-4669
www.epa.gov/reg5rcra/wptdiv/p2page
s/index.htm
Technical assistance
Region 6 (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas)
EPA Region 6, Pollution Prevention
Program
Eli Martinez
(martinez.eli@epa.gov)
OR
Joy Campbell
(campbell.joy@epa.gov)
(214)665-2119
OR
(214) 665-8036
www.epa.gov/earth Ir6/6en/xp/enxp2d
.htm
Technical assistance and resources
October 13,2005
24
-------
Table 4. List of EPA Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Contact*
(E-mail)
Phone
Numberf
Agency Web Site
Services Provided
Region 10 (Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington)
EPA Region 10, Pollution Prevention
Program
Carolyn Gangmark
(gangmark.carolyn@epa.gov)
Robert Drake
(drake.robert@epa.gov)
(206) 553-4072
(206) 553-4803
www.epa.gov/p2/assist/region 10.pdf
Technical assistance
fContact names supplied by EPA website.
October 13,2005
26
-------
Table 5. List of Other Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Contact*
(E-mail)
Phone
Numberf
Agency Web Site
Services Provided
Region 1 (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont)
New England Environmental
Assistance Team NEEAT)
Northeast States Pollution
Prevention Roundtable/P2
Information Center
Northeast Management Officials'
Association (NEWMOA)
Toxics Use Reduction Institute
Linda Darveau
(darveau.linda@epa.gov)
Mary Dever
(dever.mary@epa.gov)
Andy Bray
Terri Goldberg
(newmoa@aol.com)
(clarkjan@turi.org)
(888) 372-7341
(in New England)
OR
(617)918-1111
(617) 367-8558
ext. 306
(617) 367-8558
(978) 934-3346
www.epa.gov/NE/asstistance/neeat/mun
i/index.html
www.newmoa.org
www.newmoa.org
www.turi.org
Sector-based P2 and compliance
assistance
Contact information and
technical assistance
Hazardous waste, solid waste,
waste site cleanup and pollution
prevention program
Technical assistance,
publications, and education
Region 3 (Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia)
Department of Environmental
Programs, Metropolitan
Washington Council of
Governments (MWCOG)
None provided
None provided
w w w .mwcog. org/dep/index. htm
None listed
October 13,2005
27
-------
Table 5. List of Other Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Contact1
(E-mail)
Phone
Numberf
Agency Web Site
Services Provided
Region 4 (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee)
Waste Reduction Resource
Center/P2 Information Center
University of Tennessee Center for
Industrial Services
John Calcagni
(John)Calcagni @p2pays . org)
None provided
(919) 715-6534
(615) 532-8657
www.wrrc.p2pays.org
www.cis.utk.edu
Technical assistance, industry
sector information, publications,
on-site training and assessments,
publications, and case studies
Technical assistance,
publications, training
Region 5 (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin)
Great Lakes Regional Pollution
Prevention Roundtable/P2
Information Center
Illinois Waste Management and
Research Center
Indiana Clean Manufacturing
Technology & Safe Materials
Institute, Purdue University
(djacobsoฎ wmrc.uiuc.edu)
George VanderVelde
(gwelde@wmrc.uiuc.edu)
Jim Noonan
(noonan@ecn.purdue.edu)
(630) 472-5019
(217) 333-8569
(765) 463-4749
www.glrppr.org
www.wmrc.uiuc.edu
www.ecn.purdue.edu/CMTI
Technical assistance,
publications
Technical assistance, industry
experts, research funding,
partnerships, workshops, public
recognition, environmental
management systems
Sector-specific technical
resources, on-site training,
environmental management
systems and technology transfer
information
October 13,2005
28
-------
Table 5. List of Other Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Minnesota Technical Assistance
Program
Minnesota Technology, Inc.
Center for Environment and
Energy - GEE
Contact*
(E-mail)
Cindy McComas
(mccom003@tc.umn.edu)
Kevin O'Donnell
(kodonnell@mail.mntech.org)
Not provided
Phone
Numberf
(612)624-1330
(612) 672-3446
(414)227-3160
Agency Web Site
www.mntap.umn.edu
www.minnesotatechnology.org
www 1 .uwex.edu/ces/shwec
Services Provided
Site visits, industry experts
environmental management
system consulting, materials
exchange network
Not listed
On- site and over-the-phone
assessments, training,
environmental management
system development,
publications
Region 6 (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas)
Southwest Pollution Prevention
Information Center/P2 Information
Center
Clean Texas
Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance
Research
Lower Colorado River Authority
(raulg@utep.edu)
Rob Borowski
(rob@cleantexas.org)
Jack Hopper
(jhopper@ALMARK.lamar.edu)
Charles Urdy
(charles.urdy@lcra.org)
(915) 747-6273
(512)239-3187
(409) 880-8785
(512) 473-3200
www.p2.utep.edu
www.cleantexas.org
www.gchsrc.lamar.edu
www.lcra.org
Technical assistance, training,
environmental management
systems consulting, publications
None listed
None listed
None listed
October 13,2005
29
-------
Table 5. List of Other Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Contact
(E-mail)
Phone
Numberf
Agency Web Site
Services Provided
Region 7 (Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska)
Region 7 Pollution Prevention
Regional Information Center
(P2RIC)/P2 Information Center
Iowa Waste Reduction Center
Recycle Iowa
Hazardous Materials Training &
Research Institute
Kansas State University Pollution
Prevention Institute
Mid- America Manufacturing
Technology Center (MAMTC)
Bridging the Gap
Rick Yoder
(ryoder @ unomaha.edu)
John Konefes
(john.konefes@uni.edu)
(recycleiowa@ided.state.ia.us)
(dfeil@kirkwood.cc.ia.us)
Sherry Davis
(sdavid@oz.oznet.ksu.edu)
(abrown@midusa.net)
(kay@bridgingthegap.org)
(402)595-2381
(319)273-8905
(800) 532-4776
(319) 398-5678
(800) 578-8898
(620) 276-9505
(816)561-1087
www.p2ric.org
www.iwrc.org
www.recycleiowa.org
www.hmtri.org
www.sbeap.org/ppi/about.asp
www.mamtc.com
www.bridgingthegap.org
Environmental assistance
Environmental assistance
through research, education, and
training
Technical and business waste
reduction assistance, waste
exchange services
Environmental health and safety
education and training
Technical assistance,
publications, videos, other
resources
Offers manufacturers high-
quality, low-cost consultation
that leads to bottom line results
Partnerships, waste prevention,
environmental education,
business recycling
October 13,2005
30
-------
Table 5. List of Other Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
University of Missouri Outreach &
Extension Office of Waste
Management
Nebraska Materials Exchange
Program
UNL Biological Systems
Engineering
Contact1
(E-mail)
(owm@missouri.edu)
(exchange@knb.org)
(JHYGNSTROM1@UNL.EDU)
Phone
Numberf
(417) 889-5000
(800) 486-4562
OR
(402) 486-4622
(402)472-9614
Agency Web Site
www.outreach.missouri.edu.owm/
www.knb.org/exchange.html
www.p2.unl.edu
Services Provided
Education, information,
technical assistance
Waste exchange, recycling
Technical assistance,
educational materials, programs
Region 8 (Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah; Wyoming)
Peaks to Prairies Center/P2
Information Center
Midwest Assistance Program, Inc.
(MAP)
Colorado State University
Industrial Assessment Center
(uiformation@peakstoprairies.org)
(mapl@bevcomm.net)
(koz@lamar.colostate.edu)
(406) 994-3451
(402)846-5123
(970)491-7709
www.peakstoprairies.org
www.map-inc.org
www.engr.colostate.edu/deps.me/progra
m/outreach/iac
Technical and financial
assistance, publications, training
On-site technical assistance,
publications, training
On-site assessments
Region 9 (Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada)
Western Regional Pollution
Prevention Network (WRPPN) /P2
Information Center
(wrppn@wrppn.org)
(775) 689-6675
www.wrppn.org
Sector-specific information,
listserve, website, pollution
prevention roundtable,
publications, technical
assistance from retired engineers
October 13,2005
31
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Table 5. List of Other Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Business Environmental Program,
University of Nevada, Reno
Contact*
(E-mail)
Kevin Dick
(dick@unr.edu)
Phone
Numberf
(775) 689-6677
Agency Web Site
None provided
Services Provided
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, product
information, seminars
Region 10 (Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington)
Pacific Northwest Pollution
Prevention Resource Center/P2
Information Center
(office@pprc.org)
(206) 352-2050
www.pprc.org
Technical assistance, referral,
clearinghouse of pollution
prevention case studies and
research
Contact names listed on EPA website.
October 13,2005
32
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Contacts
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HEgALTHYuAslcIR
Could your family
be affected?
In 1996 there were
approximately 125,000
nail salons in the United
States, employing over
500,000 nail technicians
with total sales of over 4.5
billion dollars.
Indoor Air Pollution
Control
30 states have restricted
or banned the use of
liquid methyl methacrylate
monomer. Methyl
methacrylate monomer is
an ingredient used in
some artificial nail
products which bond
strongly with the nail.
U.S. EPA
U.S. nail salons raked in
$6.53 billion in revenue in
2003, up 67 percent from
10 years ago.
Design for the Environment
OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
Reducing Air Pollution from:
Nail Salons
3/26/2007
Why should I reduce air pollution from
nail salons?
People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants, at sufficient concentrations for
sufficient durations, may increase their
chances of getting cancer or experiencing
other serious health effects, such as
reproductive problems, birth defects, and
aggravated asthma.
Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, families, and
customers by using materials, processes,
or practices that can reduce or eliminate
air pollution at the source.
Pollution prevention practices also save
money on waste disposal, solvent usage,
and the cost of air pollution controls.
You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. These
practices can go beyond compliance and
further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.
Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my nail salon?
Many of the products used in nail salons
contain a variety of chemicals which may
be harmful to people or to the
environment if not handled carefully.
These products include solvents,
hardeners, fragrances, glues, polishes and
dry/curing agents. Possible effects on
health can range anywhere from mild
rashes to very serious conditions,
depending on degree and duration of
exposures (For more detailed information
on chemicals present in nail care
products, see (7), (1) and (3) in Resources
list.)
Chemical Vapors: Many of the
most potentially harmful chemicals
used in nail salon products
"vaporize" quickly into the air while
customers are being worked on, or
when materials are being transferred
from storage into smaller containers.
Chemicals in solvents can also react
in the air to cause both respiratory
and environmental problems from
production of ground-level ozone
(smog). Since smell is not a reliable
indicator of exposure, it's important
to know which products contain
chemicals that owners and operators
need to treat with special care.
Dust: Filing artificial nails
produces fine particles. The
resulting dust may contain glues,
benzoyl peroxide, silica, and
methacrylate polymers. Wraps
usually contain the same materials
as nails in any given product line.
A Special Situation: Years ago,
Liquid Methyl Methacrylate
(MMA) Monomer was used in
artificial nail products. In the early
1970's the US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) responded to
complaints with investigations that
established its dangers. Since then,
30 states have restricted or banned
its use. However, Liquid MMA is
still available and is used in some
products. In (6) of the Resources
list, the Nail Manufacturers Council
(NMC) provides information about
how to identify Liquid MMA and
describes safe products to use as
substitutes.
Other Health Considerations: In
addition to trying to minimize the
health effects of breathing chemical
vapors and dust, nail salon owners
and operators can protect worker
and customer health in other ways.
Establishing good sanitation
practices for instrument sterilization,
hand washing and glove use can
prevent disease transmission. See
listed resources for excellent
suggestions and checklists,
including ways to prevent accidents
in nail salons.
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OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
Nail Salons
3/26/2007
manner that avoids re-circulating air back into the salon.
For more detailed information, links to other Web sites, and
helpful checklists dealing with all aspects of nail salon health
and safety measures, see the list of Resources.
What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
Keep informed through internet resources such as those
listed. Stay involved with trade associations, which offer
updates, publications, and continuing education opportunities.
Your community may already have groups working for
cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be very helpful
to these groups by helping them understand what the nail
salon industry is doing to improve air quality.
Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested businesses. Resource (9) provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and laws,
funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
Also, sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great efforts
and dedication to pollution prevention. For example, you
could provide a cash award for employees who implement
ideas that reduce both costs and pollution.
How can I reduce the air pollution from my nail salon?
Learn about the chemicals in the products you use:
You can get Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
from your nail product suppliers and manufacturers.
Each MSDS tells what the hazardous components and
exposure limits are for the chemicals in each of their
products. They explain any health hazards,
precautions to be taken, and what to do in
emergencies. For more information about using
MSDS, see Resources (7) and (4).
Minimize effects of vapors: Try to prevent vapors
from getting into the air by keeping supplies tightly
sealed except when dispensing products. Guard
against spills when transferring materials from storage
to smaller containers. Substitute safe materials and
products. Promptly dispose of chemical-soaked gauze
pads into sealed bags and change trash can liners
daily. Use only metal self-closing trash receptacles.
Minimize effects of dust: Workers should wear
masks when filing nails. Dust-controlling techniques,
such as forming the nail properly, should be used to
reduce the need for filing.
Ventilate to remove vapors and dust: Nail salons
should have a well-designed, properly installed,
overall exhaust ventilation system. Install a local
exhaust ventilation system above each manicure
station. All systems should be vented outside in a
Resources
EPA has compiled an information booklet to educate nail salon owners and employees about the potential hazards of
chemicals present in nail products and to recommend many best shop practices to minimize health and environmental risks in
their shops. This booklet has been produced in English, Vietnamese, and Korean to ensure that stakeholders from different
backgrounds are all equally educated on nail salon risks and safety measures. Resource (7). Other resources listed also provide
useful information, links, and work practices checklists for nail salons. See additional checklists in (1) and (5).
1. Artificial Fingernail Products. A HESIS Guide to Chemical Exposures in the Nail Salon: www.dhs.ca.gov/ohb/HESIS/
artnails.htm
2. Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association: www.ctfa.org, 202-331-1770
3. Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
4. Material Safety Data Sheets: www.msdsonline.com
5. Nail Manufacturers Council List of Salon Work Practices: www.asepticonails.com/nailsafety.htm
6. Nail Manufacturers Council Update on MMA: www.isnow.com/about/inta/NMC_MMA.pdf
7. U.S. EPA: A Guide to Protect the Health of Nail Salon Workers and their Working Environment: www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/
salon/NailBookEnglish.pdf, 888-884-2478 x58326
8. U.S. EPA Design for the Environment Nail Salon Project: www.epa.gov/dfe/projects/salon/index.htm
9. US EPA Small Business Gateway homepage: www.epa.gov/smallbusiness/
10. Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
ul tfi
HEALTHY AIR: A COMMUNITY AND BUSINESS LEADERS GUIDE
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