HEALTHY  AIR
A COMMUNITY AND BUSINESS  LEADERS GUIDE
                               HEALTHY AIR

-------

HEALTHY AIR
A CDMMItlITT AID lUtlMSi UAOtlS CUIOC
                                .

-------
HEALTHY AIR      Your Path  to  Healthy Air
What is Healthy Air: A Community and Business Leaders Guide?

      Healthy Air: A Community and Business Leaders Guide is a collection of non-regulatory,
time-and-cost-saving ideas communities can use to reduce toxic air pollution.

      Finding the sources of toxic air pollution in a community can be hard, and understanding
the effects of toxic air pollution from all types of sources in a community can be even harder.
For example, all of the businesses in an area may be doing an excellent job of meeting existing
air quality requirements, and no individual business may be causing a problem. However, when
all types and sources of air toxics are combined, they may result in a serious health or
environmental risk for that community.

      EPA, state, local, and Tribal air agencies, community groups, and businesses are trying to
identify and address these risks at the community level. The Healthy Air: A Community and
Business Leaders Guide is designed for just that purpose.

How does Healthy Air: A Community and Business Leaders Guide work?

      Healthy Air: A Community and Business Leaders Guide is a collection of information
sheets about ways communities can work together to improve their air quality. It is designed to
be used by community groups and their business partners as a planning guide. The guide
contains:

•     Reduction measures for different kinds of industrial, commercial, and household
      operations.
•     Specific ways community groups can help.
•     Separate information sheets for both owner/operators and other community members.
•     Reference materials for additional information, including: contact information for local
      and Regional air agencies, trade associations, and resource centers.

      Community groups and business operations that may be looking for ways to reduce toxic
air pollution can use the information sheets to consider making specific changes. Businesses and
consumers who make changes, such as using different processes or materials, can make
significant improvements in local air quality. Many of these changes can also improve
efficiency, cut costs, and save money.

-------
What emission sources are being developed for inclusion in the notebook?
•      Auto Body Shops
•      Commercial Construction Operations
•      Dry Cleaning Operations
•      Electroplating Operations
•      Fiberglass Fabrication Operations
•      Hospitality Industry (Lodging Sector)
•      Hospitals
•      Metal Operations
•      Nail Salons
•      Paint and Coating Manufacturing
•      Paint and Coating Stripping Operations
•      Painting and Coating Operations
•      Residential Wood Burning
•      Shipbuilding and Repair Operations
•      Wood Furniture Operations

How will this material be distributed?

       The final version of Healthy Air: A Community and Business Leaders Guide will be
available in the Summer of 2005 and can be downloaded from the EPA Web site at
www.epa.gov/.... Hard copies of Healthy Air: A Community and Business Leaders Guide can
be obtained from EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards library. You can request
a copy by calling 919-541-5514 and asking for document number EPA-453/B-05/001.

-------

-------
    ~.fti
 til
 HEALTHY AIR
 * CMMMI1V *•• WtHUI* tlAt
 Could your family
        be affected?

  About 287,000 tons of
        volatile organic
compounds are emitted
     each year from the
50,000 auto body shops
             in the U.S.
             — U.S. EPA
         Switching from
   conventional to high-
   volume, low pressure
 (HVLP) spray guns and
     using proper spray
 techniques can save up
to $13,000 per year at a
  shop spraying 15 cars
             per week.
             — U.S. EPA
EPA estimates that 20%
   of all volatile organic
   compound emissions
  from auto body shops
   occur during cleanup
            operations.
             — u.s. EPA
                                                                                                      9/12/05
             COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET

           Reducing Air Pollution from:
                    Auto  Body  Shops
Why do auto body shops need to
reduce air pollution?
  People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
  Auto body shops repair, repaint, and
customize cars, trucks, and other
vehicles. Their activities include
sanding, cleaning, and painting, all of
which may release pollutants into the air
and may contribute to health concerns in
the shop and in the community.
  The best auto body shops implement
pollution prevention strategies not only
to comply with federal, state, local and
Tribal laws, but also to further minimize
impacts on human health and the
environment. Check with your state,
local, or Tribal agencies for existing
regulations.

What kinds of air pollutants  may
come from auto body shops?
•  Auto body shop operations can
   produce emissions of toxic  air
   pollutants, including metals and
   diisocyanates.
•  Paints, cleaners, and paint strippers
   can release some toxic air pollutants
   and volatile organic compounds
   (VOC). Chemicals in these
   substances can also react in the air to
   form ground-level ozone (smog),
   which has been linked to a number of
   respiratory effects.
•  Lead, chromium, and cadmium are
   metals that form particle pollution
   during sanding and welding.
   Breathing particle pollution can cause
   respiratory problems and other
   harmful health effects.
•  Diisocyanates are toxic air pollutants
   emitted during painting operations.
   These compounds are a leading cause
   of occupational asthma.

How can auto body shops reduce air
pollution?
  Making changes in shop work
practices can stop pollutants at the
source and increase production
efficiency. By evaluating and improving
work practices, shops can decrease
emissions, reduce production costs, and
protect employee and public health.
 Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:
Substituting Materials
•  Use less toxic materials. For
   example, use water-borne paints
   which minimize the need for cleaning
   solvents.
•  Use alternative cleaners such as
   water-borne, alkaline, or microbial
   cleaners.

Training Operators in Skill and Safety
•  Train technicians in proper spray
   application techniques to reduce
   emissions and enhance the quality of
   the paint finish.
•  Training also will reduce worker
   exposure to toxic air pollutants.
                                 34 out of 40 Philadelphia shops made significant pollution reductions by
                                     identifying and using the best work practices, technologies, and
                                                          cost factors for each.
                                                                   — U.S. EPA Design for the Environment

-------
                            COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
                                            Auto Body Shops
                                                                                                        9/12/05
Replacing Equipment
•  Replace old equipment with more efficient equipment,
   such as high-volume low-pressure (HVLP) spray
   guns, ventilated sanders, and enclosed cleaning
   systems that reduce solvent and paint emissions.

As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from auto body shops?

Make Connections
•  Get to know local auto body shop owners and
   operators because they know best about the materials
   and processes used in their business and the
   regulations with which they must comply.
•  Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
   updates.  Publicity can reward success and attract
   more public involvement.

Make a Plan
•  One idea is to form a work group that includes auto
   body shop owners and operators to develop and
   implement workable pollution reduction plans.

Locate Resources
•  Use the "For Further Information" list below to find
   governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
   provide help with analysis, technical information,
   equipment, and funding.

Sponsor Training and Translation
•  Improved skills lead to reduced paint usage and
   exposure for workers.
•  Small shops may need funding in order to attend or
   provide training.
•  For some ethnic minority groups, language may be a
   barrier. Sponsor translation of pollution prevention
   materials into languages commonly spoken by owners
   and employees.

Reward Shops
•  Use media connections to provide coverage for
   successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
   increased business.
•  Present pollution prevention certificates to shops that
   reduce pollution.

Be an Informed Consumer
•  Patronize shops that implement pollution prevention
   strategies.
•  Check with your insurance company to see if they
   know of shops that practice pollution prevention.
                               For Further Information
   Automotive Service Association: www.asashop.org, (800) 272-7467
   National Automobile Dealers Association, www.nada.org, (800) 252-6232
   Automotive Aftermarket Industry Association: www.aftermarkel.org, (301) 654-6664
   Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
   Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive
   Information specific to auto body shops: Best Practices and Outreach Kit, "Virtual Auto Body Shop" for cost
   calculations, equipment, technology & training information, access to sources of funding, and other assistance:
   www.epa.gov/dfe/projects/auto
   Painting techniques: Iowa Waste Reduction Center, 800-422-3109 and www.iwrc.org/programs/STAR.cfin
   Toxicity of paints and solvents: Paint suppliers, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air
   Toxics Health Effects Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.htmf)
   Training opportunities: Automotive trade associations
   Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities, example: www.deq.state.or.us/
   aq/Factsheets/04-NWR-009-EcoBizAuto.pdf
   Shops practicing pollution prevention: Auto insurance companies
   For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
                                                       fit
                                                                                                                 2

-------
 HEALTHY AIR
  Could your family
        be affected?
    One shop installed a
 vacuum sanding system
       for $9,000. Since
installation, the shop has
    saved over $7,000 a
        year because of
   reductions in cleanup
                 costs.
— Peaks to Prairies Pollution
     Prevention Information
                 Center
         Switching from
   conventional to HVLP
   spray guns and using
 proper spray techniques
  can save up to $13,000
       per year at a shop
spraying 15 cars a week.
  — U.S. EPA Design for the
             Environment
  OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET

           Reducing Air Pollution  from:
                    Auto  Body Shops
Why should my auto body shop
reduce air pollution?
  People who arc exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source. For
example, using a professional laundry
service to wash work clothes can reduce
the chance of workers bringing
potentially toxic particle pollution (dust)
home to their families.
  Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, paint and
solvent usage, and the cost of air
pollution controls.
  You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, or Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.

Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my auto body shop?
•  Auto body shop operations can
   produce emissions of toxic air
   pollutants, including  metals and
   diisocyanatcs.
                                            Average conventional spray gun cost: $30 to $40
                                                     Average HVLP gun cost: $500
                                       Average conventional gun transfer efficiency: 30% to 60%
                                              Average HVLP gun transfer efficiency: 70%
                                          Material savings when using HVLP gun: At least 30%
                                                                    — University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension
•  Paints, cleaners, and paint strippers
   can release some toxic air pollutants
   and volatile organic compounds
   (VOC). Chemicals in these
   substances can react in the air to form
   ground-level ozone (smog), which
   has been linked to a number of
   respiratory effects.
•  Lead, chromium, and cadmium are
   metals that form particle pollution
   during sanding and welding.
   Breathing particle pollution can cause
   respiratory problems and other
   harmful health effects.
•  Diisocyanatcs arc toxic air pollutants
   emitted during painting operations.
   These compounds arc a leading cause
   of occupational asthma.

How can I reduce air pollution from
my auto body shop?

Reduce the Use of Solvent Cleaners
•  Use an enclosed solvent gun washing
   system to reduce evaporation when
   cleaning equipment. It can decrease
   costs by cutting the amount of
   solvent used for cleaning by more
   than 50%, the labor time by 60%, and
   air pollution by 70% to 90%.
•  Turn off the parts cleaner when not in
   use. This reduces solvent
   evaporation.

-------
                      OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
                     	Auto Body Shops	
                                                 9/12/2005
•  Instead of cleaning with solvents, use a water-based
   cleaning system such as hot soap washers. These
   systems eliminate the costly purchase of chlorinated
   solvents.  This can save up to 95% in operation costs.
   Make sure your local water system can treat the
   wastewater from this type of cleaning system.
•  Recycle old solvent by using an on-site distillation
   unit. Reclaiming spent solvents on-site reduces the
   amount of solvent you  send off-site for treatment and
   the amount of fresh solvent you have to buy.

Reduce Paint Use
•  Use high-volume low-pressure (HVLP) spray guns
   instead of conventional spray guns. These guns cost
   more than conventional spray guns, but using HVLP
   spray guns reduces labor time and product costs as
   well as pollution.
•  Train technicians to use good spray application
   techniques to improve transfer efficiency. A higher
   transfer efficiency saves paint, leads to reduced
   application time, and decreases worker exposure to
   toxic air pollutants.
•  Minimize waste and spills when mixing paint.
•  Reduce vapors and waste by using air-tight
   containers. Open containers only when adding or
   pouring liquid.

Use Less-Toxic Paints and Solvents
•  If possible, use less-toxic, water-borne, or higher-
   solids paints.  Switching to water-borne paints may
   require more preparation and drying time, but it
   minimizes the need for cleaning solvents.
•  Choose solvents with low toxic air pollutant and
   VOC content. Use water-based, alkaline,  or
   microbial cleaners.

Minimize Dust From Sanding Operations
•  Use a vacuum sander to collect dust during  sanding
   operations. Vacuum sanders reduce exposure  to toxic
   air pollutants and particle pollution; they  also
   minimize dust settling  onto freshly painted surfaces.
   For example, one Minnesota shop that installed a
   vacuum sander reduced the frequency of air filter
   changes and decreased the amount of sandpaper
   used.
•  Leave work clothes and shoes at the shop. Have
   clothes cleaned  by a professional laundering service.
•  It's best not to eat or drink food left in the work area
   because particle pollution can contaminate these
   items. Also, do not smoke in the work area because
   you may swallow dust through hand-to-mouth
   contact.

Upgrade Your Shop's Equipment
•  Several tools are available to assist you in
   determining whether you can upgrade the
   equipment in your shop. The Web site for one cost
   calculator is www.iwrc.org/programs/calcs.cfin.
   This calculator enables you to determine whether it
   would be beneficial to upgrade to a HVLP spray
   gun, on-site distillation unit, or automatic gunwash
   system.
•  If you decide to upgrade your shop's equipment,
   check with your state or local pollution prevention
   office for funding possibilities.

Are HVLP spray guns really better?
  Yes. HVLP guns are better if technicians are trained
properly. Toxic air pollutant and VOC emissions
released during a painting operation relate directly to
the skill of the  spray gun operator.
  Properly used, HVLP spray guns often result in a
higher transfer efficiency, reducing costs and worker
exposure to toxic air pollutants.

Where can I find out about training?
  For training information, contact the Iowa  Waste
Reduction Center about their Spray Techniques and
Analysis Research (STARฎ) program, your local,
state, or Tribal pollution prevention office, auto body
trade associations, or spray equipment suppliers.

What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
  Your community may already have groups working
for cleaner air.  Your expertise and knowledge can be
very helpful to these groups.
  Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested businesses. A list of these
small business  assistance programs can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental  experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding,  and cost-saving opportunities.
  Also, sponsor employee awards for good ideas,
great efforts, and dedication  to pollution prevention.
For example, you could provide a cash award for
workers who implement a work practice that reduces
both costs and  pollution.

-------
 HEALTHY AIR
 ป commit i ••• KIIIISS UMIII iiiiii
  Could your family
        be affected?

 By requiring employees
 to use an enclosed gun
    wash system and by
monitoring the amount of
  lacquer thinner used, a
       shop in Colorado
  reduced the amount of
solvent waste generated
   and saved $3,600 per
    year in  material and
   waste disposal costs.
  — Colorado Department of
         Public Health and
     Environment Pollution
       Prevention Program
       By switching from
    conventional to high
    volume low-pressure
   spray guns, one body
   shop reduced its paint
  usage by 30% per car.
  — U.S. EPA Design for the
             Environment
                           Resources


•  Automotive Service Association: www.asashop.org, (800) 272-7467

•  National Automobile Dealers Association, www.nada.org, (800) 252-6232

•  Automotive Aftermarket Industry Association: www.qftermarket.org,
   (301)654-6664

•  EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/

•  Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

•  Information specific to auto body shops: Best Practices and Outreach Kit, "Virtual
   auto body shop" for cost calculations, equipment, technology & training informa-
   tion, access to sources of funding, and other assistance: www.epa.gov/dfe/projects/
   auto

•  Small Businesses: www.epa.gov/smallbusiness

•  Calculator: www.iwrc.org/programs/calcs.cfm

•  Iowa Waste Reduction Center STARฎ Program: www.iwrc.org/programs/STAR.cfm,
   (800)422-3109

•  Pollution Prevention Opportunities for Autobody Shops :
   www.peakstoprairies. org/topichub/toc. cfm ?hub=58&subsec= 78&nav= 7

•  Autobody Shop Waste Reduction and Management: www.mntap.umn.edu/
   VEHICLE/28-CollRepair.htm

•  Pollution Prevention Opportunities for Automotive Repair Shops: www.pprc.org/
   pprc/sbap/autorep/regfact. html

Toxicity of Paints and Solvents
•  Paint suppliers
•  Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): wvw.epa.gov/iris
•  Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html
  The EPA Design for Environment (DfE) conducted a pilot project with
  partner shops in the Philadelphia area to identify best practices and
 technologies, costs, and benefits. Recently, DfE tested the effectiveness
  of its hands-on approach in 40 Pennsylvania shops that volunteered to
 host a confidential site visit. As a direct result of these visits, more than
       75% of the shops made environmentally beneficial changes.
                                  —U.S. EPA Design for the Environment

-------
Auio Body Shops

-------
HEALTHY AIR
  Could your family
        be affected?

    In the United States,
    about 70% of all dry
           cleaners use
    perchloroethylene, a
known toxic air pollutant,
 as the cleaning solvent.
   — International Fabricare
                Institute
           The Cleaner
 Technologies Substitute
        Assessment for
  Professional Fabricare
 Processes is a technical
     report that presents
   relative risk, cost, and
performance information
    on existing and new
  cleaning technologies.
             — U.S. EPA
 Design for the Environment
             COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET

            Reducing Air Pollution  from:
                Dry Cleaning  Operations
                                                                                                        9/12/2005
Why do dry cleaning operations
need to reduce air pollution?
  People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
  Dry cleaning operations offer garment
cleaning services to consumers and
commercial businesses. Their activities
include cleaning, drying, stain removal,
and finishing, all of which may release
pollutants into the air and may contribute
to health concerns in the shop and in the
community.
  The best dry cleaners implement
pollution prevention strategies not only
to comply with federal, state, local, and
Tribal laws but also to further minimize
impacts on human health and the
environment. Check with your state,
local, and Tribal agencies for existing
regulations.

What kinds of air pollutants may
come from dry cleaning
operations?
•  The main source of air toxics from
   dry cleaners is the solvent used in the
   cleaning process. The most
   commonly used solvents are
   perchloroethylene and petroleum
   solvents.
•  Perchloroethylene is a known toxic
   air pollutant. While federal, state,
   local, and Tribal regulations limit the
   amount of emissions from dry
   cleaners, dangerous releases of toxic
   air pollutants can occur if a dry
   cleaner does not operate in
   compliance with regulations.
•  Petroleum solvents used in dry
   cleaning operations can release some
   toxic air pollutants and volatile
   organic compounds (VOC).
   Chemicals in these substances can
   react in the air to form ground-level
   ozone (smog), which has been linked
   to a number of respiratory effects.

How can dry cleaners reduce air
pollution?
  Making changes in dry cleaning work
practices can stop pollutants at the
source and increase production
efficiency. By evaluating and improving
work practices, dry cleaners can
decrease emissions, reduce production
costs, and protect employee and public
health.

Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:

Lowering Emissions at the Source
•  Minimize emissions through good
   work practices such as covering
   containers, preventing spills, and
   using closed solvent containers and
   delivery units.
•  Maintain equipment to avoid excess
   leaks and evaporation.
•  Use equipment properly.

Changing Technologies
•  Change to technologies such as wet
   cleaning, liquid carbon dioxide, and
   silicone-based cleaning machines.
•  Wet cleaning processes use water and
   natural soaps to clean clothes that
   typically require dry cleaning. Be
   aware that wet cleaning can result in
   increased labor time and can result in
   shrinkage for some fabrics.
•  Liquid CC>2 cleaning technology
   eliminates cleaning with solvents.
•  Silicone-based cleaning machines do
   not contain any toxic air pollutants or
   VOC and are odorless and affordable.

-------
                             COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
                                        Dry Cleaning Operations
                                                                                                       9/12/2005
As a community, what can you do to help reduce
air pollution from dry cleaning operations?

Make Connections
•  Get to know local dry cleaners because they know best
   about the materials and processes used in their
   businesses and the regulations with which they must
   comply.
•  Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
   updates. Publicity can reward success and attract more
   public involvement.

Make a Plan
•  One idea is to form a work group that includes local
   dry cleaners to develop and implement workable
   pollution reduction plans.

Locate Resources
•  Use the "For Further Information" list below to find
   governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
   provide help with analysis, technical information,
   equipment, and funding.

Sponsor Training and Translation
•  Small shops may need funding in order to attend or
   provide training.
•  Improved skills lead to less exposure for workers.
•  Sponsor translation of pollution prevention materials
   to languages commonly spoken by owners and
   operators.

Reward Shops
•  Use media connections to provide coverage for
   successful efforts. Positive publicity can  mean
   increased business.
•  Visibly displayed awards or certificates may also
   increase business.
                               For  Further Information

 •  International Fabricare Institute: www.ifl.org, (800) 638-2627

 •  International Dry Cleaners Congress: www.idcnews.org

 •  Neighborhood Cleaners Association: www.nca-i.com

 ป  Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

 •  National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Dry Cleaners: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/dryperc/dryclpg.html

 •  Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm

 •  Information specific to dry cleaners: U.S. EPA Design for the Environment: www.epa.gov/dfe/projects/garment/
    index.htm

 •  Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities

 •  Toxicity of solvents: Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air Toxics Health Effects Note-
    books (www.epa.gov/ttn/afw/hapindex.html)

 •  Indiana 5-Star Environmental Recognition Program for Dry Cleaners: www.in.gov/idem/ctap/cleaners/5stindex.html

 •  For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
   The Indiana 5-Star Environmental Recognition Program for Dry Cleaners is a voluntary program
   that ranks participating dry cleaners on a scale ofl to 5 stars.  The program recognizes those dry
     cleaners willing to do more for the environment and worker safety than the rules require.  The
  Indiana Department of Environmental Management announces awards on a quarterly basis.  Many
              shops have found this to be a very beneficial advertising and marketing tool.
                                                     — Indiana Office of Pollution Prevention and Environmental
                                                       Assistance

-------
 HEALTHY AIR
  Could your family
        be affected?

    In the United States,
    about 70% of all dry
           cleaners use
    perchloroethylene, a
known toxic air pollutant,
 as the cleaning solvent.
   — International Fabricare
                 Institute
A dry cleaner can reduce
perchloroethylene use by
 70% by converting from
  transfer equipment to a
   closed-loop dry-to-dry
system. For a typical dry
cleaner, this would result
    in a savings of about
        $1,100 per year.
       — Washington State
            Departmental
                 Ecology
                                            Reducing Air  Pollution  from:
                                                Dry Cleaning Operations
Why should my dry cleaning
operation prevent air pollution?
  People who arc exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source.  For
example, ensuring proper drying time
minimizes air pollution.
  Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, solvent
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
  You may  already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.

Why should I be concerned about
air pollution from my dry cleaning
operation?
•  The main source of toxic air
   pollutants from dry cleaners is the
   solvent used in the cleaning process.
   The most commonly used solvents
   are perchloroethylcne and petroleum
   solvents.
•  Perchlorocthylenc is a known toxic
   air pollutant.  While federal, state,
   local, and Tribal regulations limit the
   amount of emissions from dry
   cleaners, dangerous releases of toxic
   air pollutants can occur if a dry
   cleaner does not operate in
   compliance with regulations.
•  Petroleum solvents used in dry
   cleaning operations can release some
   toxic air pollutants and volatile
   organic compounds (VOC).
   Chemicals in these substances can
   react in the air to form ground-level
   ozone (smog), which has been linked
   to a number of respiratory effects.

How can I reduce air pollution
from my dry cleaning operation?

Lower Emissions at the Source
•  Check hoses, couplings, pumps,
   valves, and gaskets frequently for
   leaks. Use a halogcnatcd leak
   detector to help identify leaks. These
   detectors usually cost about $250.
•  Repair leaks promptly.
•  Allow drying cycle to complete
   before opening the door. "Short
   cycling" reduces the effectiveness of
   solvent recovery equipment and
   increases fugitive emissions of
   solvents from the machine.
•  Replace cartridge filters with spin
   disk filters that can be cleaned
   without opening.
•  Cover containers of solvents to
   reduce solvent loss from evaporation
   and fugitive emissions of toxic air
   pollutants and VOC. This reduces
   worker exposure and releases of
   these pollutants to the outside air.
•  Prevent spills by dispensing materials
   with spigots and pumps.
                                    An on-site distillation unit may recover as much as 90% oj solvents
                                         used.  This reduces solvent purchases and disposal costs.
                                                                      — U.S. EPA

-------
                     OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
                    	Dry CJeaning Operations	
                                                9/12/2005
Modify Processes
•  Reduce process vent emissions by using a closed-
   loop dry-to-dry machine with a refrigerated
   condenser. The addition of a carbon adsorber can
   further reduce emissions by recovering solvents.
•  Load the machine properly. Overloading reduces the
   effectiveness of solvent recovery equipment.
   Underloading makes less efficient use of the solvent.
•  Recover solvents from filter cartridges by draining
   the filters for 24 hours in the filter housing to capture
   additional solvent before disposal.
•  Install spill containment structures under and around
   your dry cleaning machine.
•  Evaluate investment in a closed-loop dry-to-dry
   machine or other innovative cleaning technologies.
   Compare  initial costs with savings, over time, in
   lower raw material and hazardous disposal costs.

Recycle Materials
•  Install equipment, such as refrigerated condensers, to
   recover solvent from the dry  cleaning process.

Change Technologies
•  Change to technologies such as wet cleaning, liquid
   CO2, and  silicone-based cleaning machines.
•  Wet cleaning processes use water and detergent to
   clean clothes that typically require dry cleaning.
•  Liquid CO2 technology is non-toxic, non-
   combustible, and does not contribute to toxic air
   pollutant and VOC emissions.
•  Silicone-based cleaning machines do not contain
   any toxic air pollutants or VOC and are odorless
   and affordable.

Why should I consider changing processes?
  Changing your dry cleaning process to upgrade
equipment, or switching to alternative garment
cleaning processes, can be relatively inexpensive and
can result in cost savings and dramatic pollution
reduction. Case studies show that replacing transfer
equipment, or converting to closed-loop machines,
can save up to 70% of your perchloroethylene use and
pay back the investment in as little as 3 years.

What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
  Your community may already have groups working
for cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be
very helpful to these groups.
  Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested businesses. A list of these
small business assistance programs can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
  Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example, you could provide a cash award for workers
who implement a work practice that reduces both
costs and pollution.
     The Cleaner Technologies Substitute Assessment for Professional Fabricare Processes is a
 technical report that presents relative risk, cost, and performance information on existing and new
                                       cleaning technologies.
                                                   — U.S. EPA Design for the Environment
By switching to a petroleum-based dry cleaning machine, a Maine dry cleaner reduced its waste by
  90% and its operating costs by $10,000. Its solvent consumption dropped from 800 gallons per
                                    year to 200 gallons per year.
                                                   — Maine Department of Environmental Protection

-------
  HEALTHY AIR
  * tOปซgilII >•• IHSIIISi 1IUIM (Dili
   Could your family
          be affected?

       The Indiana 5-Star
  Environmental Program
     for Dry Cleaners is a
   voluntary program that
    ranks participating dry
    cleaners on a scale of
    one to five stars.  The
program recognizes those
 dry cleaners willing to do
 more for the environment
   and worker safety than
  the rules require. Many
 shops have found this to
      be a very beneficial
advertising and marketing
                     tool.
 — Indiana Office of Pollution
    Prevention and Technical
                Assistance
 A refrigerated condenser
    can reduce emissions
from transfer machines by
  85% and from dry-to-dry
 machines by 95%.  Also,
        replacing transfer
  equipment or converting
  to closed-loop machines
              can reduce
 perchloroethylene use by
  up to 80% and pay back
 the investment in as little
              as 3 years.
     — Hawaii Department of
                    Health
                            Resources
•  International Fabricare Institute: www.ifl.org, (800) 638-2627

•  International Dry Cleaners Congress: www.idcnews.org

•  Neighborhood Cleaners Association: www.nca-i.com

•  Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

•  EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/

•  National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Dry Cleaners:
   www. epa.gov/ttn/atw/dryperc/dryclpg. html

•  Dry Cleaning Industry  Sector Notebook: www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/
   publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/dry.html

•  Indiana 5-Star Environmental Recognition Program for Dry Cleaners: www.in.gov/
   idem/ctap/cleaners/5stindex.html

•  Fact sheet: www.cdphe.state.co.us/el/Documents/DryClean/4DCFactSht.pdf

•  Dry Cleaning in the 90s: www.iwrc.org/pubs/dc.pdf

•  Waste minimization: www.state.hi.us/health/environmental/compliance/sb_library/
   drycleanwastemin.pdf

U.S. EPA Design for the Environment
•  Garment and Textile Care Partnership: www.epa.gov/oppt/dfe/projects/garment/
   index.htm
•  Case study: www.epa.gov/oppt/dfe/pubs/garment/wsgc/wetclean.pdf
•  Training curriculum: www.epa.gov/oppt/dfe/pubs/garment/techjrep/clothes.pdf

Guides
•  Pollution prevention guide: www.dnrec.state.de.us/DREC/p2/DryClean.htm
•  Pollution Prevention Dry Cleaning Operations:  Pinellas County Department of En-
   vironmental Management, Pinellas County, Florida: www.pinellascounty.org/
   Environment/pagesHTML/PollutionPrevent/p2r2PDFs/mangmentPDFIndustry/
   DrycleanBooklet.pdf, 727-464-4761
•  Dry Cleaning Guide: www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0104018.pdf
•  Pressing Concerns: A Complete Guidebook to Environmental Compliance for Colo-
   rado Dry Cleaners: www.cdphe.state.co.us/el/ecac/dcguide/
   Dry_Cleaner_Guidebook. html
•  A Guide for Perc Dry Cleaners: www.state.hi.us/health/environmental/compliance/
   sb library/dryclean  perc guide.pdf

Toxicity of Solvents
•  Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
•  Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/hapindex.html

-------
Dry Clcaninu

-------
HEALTHY AIR
 Could your family
        be affected?
  The Merit Partnership
       is a joint venture
     between U.S. EPA
    Region 9, state, and
        local regulatory
       agencies, private
  sector industries, and
             community
    representatives. The
        partnership was
     created to promote
    pollution prevention,
        identify pollution
  prevention technology
  needs, and accelerate
    pollution prevention
    technology transfer
          within various
    industries, including
        metal finishing.

  The Merit Partnership
    Pollution Prevention
       Project for Metal
      Finishers involves
  implementing pollution
  prevention techniques
    and technologies at
         metal finishing
    facilities in southern
  California. Participants
    document and share
  their results. For more
    information, see the
  website under the "For
    Further Information"
               section.
             — u.s. EPA
             COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET

            Reducing Air  Pollution from:
              Electroplating  Operations
                                                                                                       9/12/2005
Why do electroplating shops need to
reduce air pollution?
  People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air  pollution at the
source.
  Electroplating is a type of metal
finishing operation that changes the
surface properties of a metal part to
make it stronger, shinier, and corrosion-
resistant. Activities at electroplating
shops include surface preparation,
surface treatment, and post-plating
treatment, all of which  may release
pollutants into the air and may contribute
to health concerns in the shop and in the
community.
  The best electroplating shops
implement pollution prevention
strategies not only to comply with
federal, state, local, and Tribal laws but
also to further minimize impacts on
human health and the environment.
Check with your state, local, and Tribal
agencies for existing regulations.

What kinds of air pollutants may
come from electroplating shops?
•  Electroplating operations can
   produce emissions of toxic air
   pollutants, including heavy metals
   and cyanide.
•  Degreasing and cleaning solutions
   can release toxic air pollutants and
   volatile organic compounds (VOC).
   Chemicals in these substances can
   react in the air to form ground-level
   ozone (smog), which has been linked
   to a number of respiratory effects.
•  Plating processes generate heavy
   metals such as hexavalent chromium
   and cadmium. While federal, state,
   local, and Tribal regulations limit the
   amount of emissions from
   electroplating shops, dangerous
   releases of toxic air pollutants can
   occur if an electroplating shop is not
   in compliance with regulations.
•  Cyanide has been a key component
   of plating solutions for years. It can
   impact the nervous system, heart, and
   lungs.

How can electroplating shops reduce
air pollution?
  Making changes in shop work
practices can stop pollutants at the
source and increase production
efficiency. By evaluating and improving
work practices, shops can decrease
emissions, reduce production costs, and
protect employee and public health.

Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:

Substituting Materials
•  Use cleaners with low toxic air
   pollutant and VOC content.
•  For chromium electroplaters, switch
   from hexavalent chromium solutions,
   which can cause cancer, to trivalent
   chromium ones, which do not.
•  Replace cyanide in plating solutions
   with less toxic compounds like zinc
   chloride and pyro-phosphate copper.
                                 Switching to a water-based cleaning solution can reduce air emissions,
                                  reduce air permit fees, and create a more pleasant work environment.
                                                  One company saved $8,440 per year.
                                                                   — Kansas Small Business Environmental
                                                                     Assistance Program

-------
                       COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
                                   Electroplating Operations
                                                                                                       9/12/2005
                                                      Make a Plan
                                                      •  One idea is to form a work group that includes
                                                         local owners and operators to develop and
                                                         implement workable pollution reduction plans.

                                                      Locate Resources
                                                      •  Use the "For Further Information" list below to
                                                         find governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
                                                         provide help with analysis, technical information,
                                                         equipment, and funding.

                                                      Encourage Pollution Prevention
                                                      •  Work with pollution prevention organizations to
                                                         educate metal electroplating shop owners and
                                                         operators about ways to prevent pollution.
                                                      •  Help sponsor trade show exhibits and training
                                                         workshops to show the latest pollution prevention
                                                         technologies.

                                                      Reward Shops
                                                      •  Use media connections to provide coverage for
                                                         successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
                                                         increased business.
                                                      •  Visibly displayed awards or certificates may also
                                                         increase business.
Changing Cleaning Procedures
•  Use cleaning procedures that reduce the amount of
   solvent needed.

Recycling Materials
•  Use an on-site distillation unit to recycle solvents.
•  Use old solvent for cleaning very dirty parts.
•  Reuse plating bath solution and rinse water.

Changing Processes
•  Use alternative metal deposition technologies to
   reduce or eliminate toxic air pollutant emissions.
•  Reduce the chemical concentration of the plating
   bath without compromising quality.
•  Use mechanical scraping instead of a chemical
   solution to remove buildup on the part.

As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from electroplating shops?

Make Connections
•  Get to know local electroplating shop owners and
   operators because they know best about the materials
   and processes used in their business and the
   regulations with which they must comply.
•  Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
   updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
   more public involvement.
                            For Further Information
National Association of Metal Finishers: www.namf.org, (407) 281-6445
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Chromium Electroplating:
www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/chrome/chromepg.html
Community Information Sheet for Metal Operations.
EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Metal Finishing Sector:
www.epa.gov/sectors/metalfinishing/index.html
Training opportunities: Local electroplating operations trade associations, area electroplating schools
Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
Toxicity of Solvents: Integrated Risk Information Systems  (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air Toxics Health Effects
Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)
Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org
Merit Partnership: www.sectorstar.org/sector/MetalFinishing/showProgram.cfin?pid=130
For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.

-------
HEALTHY AIR
> comiinr  mints lions igiil

Could your family
      be affected?

    One electroplating
 shop switched from a
 vapor degreaser parts
  washing system that
    used solvents to a
   water-based power
    washing system. It
  saves approximately
 $12,600 per year and
  has reduced toxic air
    emissions by 90%.
  — Pollution Prevention
        Resource Center

    One electroplating
   shop replaced their
 toxic cleaning solvent
    with a water-based
         solution. This
 completely eliminated
   toxic air emissions,
    reduced air permit
   fees, and created a
   more pleasant work
         environment.

      Annual savings:
      $8,440 per year
        — Kansas Small
              Business
         Environmental
            Assistance
              Program

  One firm  used a low-
  concentration plating
    solution in 5 nickel
      tanks and saved
$1,300 in disposal and
      feedstock costs.
            — U.S. EPA
           Reducing Air Pollution from:
              Electroplating Operations
Why should my electroplating
shop reduce air pollution?
  People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutant at sufficient concentrations, for
sufficient durations, may increase their
chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source.
For example, covering containers of
cleaning solvents prevents vapors from
affecting your employees.
  Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
  You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.

Why should I be concerned  about
air pollution from my
electroplating shop?
•  Electroplating operations can
   produce emissions of toxic air
   pollutants, including heavy metals
   and cyanide.
•  Degreasing and cleaning solutions
   can release toxic air pollutants and
   volatile organic compounds (VOC).
   Chemicals in these substances can
   react in the air to form ground-level
   ozone (smog), which has been linked
   to a number of respiratory effects.
•  Plating processes generate heavy
   metals such as hexavalent chromium
   and cadmium. While federal, state,
   local, and Tribal regulations limit the
   amount of emissions from
   electroplating shops, dangerous
   releases of toxic air pollutants can
   occur if an electroplating shop is not
   in compliance with regulations.
•  Cyanide has been a key component
   of plating solutions for years. It can
   impact the nervous system, heart, and
   lungs.

How can I reduce air pollution
from my electroplating shop?

Substitute Materials
•  Use cleaners such as water-based
   cleaners that have a lower toxic air
   pollutant and VOC content.
•  Use degreasing solvents with a lower
   toxic air pollutants and VOC content.
•  If you are a chromium electroplater,
   switch from hexavalent chromium-
   bearing solutions, which can cause
   cancer, to trivalent chromium ones,
   which do not cause cancer.
•  Replace the cyanide in plating
   solutions with less toxic compounds
   like zinc chloride and pyro-phosphate
   copper.

Lower Emissions at the Source
•  Cover containers of cleaning solvents
   and used shop towels. This will
   reduce emissions of toxic air
   pollutants and VOC as well as the
  EPA's Sector Strategies Program has an Environmental Management
  System (EMS) available for electroplating shops to use. An EMS helps
 electroplating shops integrate environmental decision making into day-
                           to-day operations.
                                                                  — u.s. EPA

-------
                         OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION  SHEET
                        	Electroplating Operations	
                                                                                                              9/12/2005
   amount of solvent lost to evaporation. This reduces
   the amount of new solvent purchased.
•  Securely cover all containers to reduce the chance of
   spills when transferring materials.
•  Use funnels or pumps to avoid spills when
   dispensing materials.
•  Install ventilation hoods over plating baths to help
   protect workers from evaporative plating solutions.

Change Cleaning Procedures
•  Mandate a "clean as you go" policy to reduce the
   amount of solvent needed for removing heavy build-
   up.
•  Mechanically clean parts with a wire brush or
   sandblasting equipment to reduce solvent use.
•  Use old solvent as a pre-wash or wipe for cleaning
   equipment or parts.
•  Switch to a water-based cleaning system like
   ultrasonic cleaners,  manual parts washers, automatic
   spray equipment, steam cleaners, or baths with
   agitation.
•  Clean parts with hot water and detergent at high
   pressures in a pressurized washer.

Recycle Materials
•  Use an on-site distillation unit to clean dirty cleaning
   liquid. This makes the solvent available for reuse in
   the production process. An on-site distillation
   reduces the costs of both solvent disposal and fresh
   solvent purchase.
•  Use old solvent for  cleaning very dirty parts.
•  Reuse plating bath solution and rinse water.
•  Reduce bath dumps by continuously filtering bath
   solutions.

Change Production Processes
•  Review and streamline production processes to
   reduce overall cleaning solvent and degreaser use.
   For example, evaluate your solvent quality,
   consolidate parts washing processes, and service
   units only when necessary. These steps can greatly
   reduce solvent waste.
•  Lower emissions of toxic air pollutants such as
   cyanide, chromium and other heavy metals by using
   alternative electrocoating technologies like thermal
   spray coating, vapor deposition, and chemical
   vapor deposition.
•  Minimize chemical usage and its associated
   emissions by using the lowest concentration of
   chemicals in the bath that will produce the desired
   results.
•  If possible, use mechanical scraping instead of a
   chemical solution to remove undesired buildup on
   the metal.
•  Change baths and rinses based on bath/rinse
   quality, not to meet an arbitrary schedule.

What do  I need to consider before converting
to alternative plating processes?
  Converting to alternative plating processes may
result in high costs from research and development
and new equipment, but these alternative processes
often reduce operating costs.
  Some alternative processes may be more labor
intensive, which results in higher labor costs, but these
processes can significantly reduce the amount of toxic
air pollutants emitted.
  Check with your state, local, or Tribal pollution
prevention office for funding possibilities.

What else can I do to  reduce air pollution?
  Your community may already have groups working
for cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be
very helpful to these groups.
  Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested businesses. A list of these
small business assistance programs can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbuslness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
  Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example, you could provide a cash award for workers
who implement a work practice that reduces both
costs and pollution.

-------
   HEALTHY AIR
   • tOซปUIIIT ปlป lUIIHf > IUIII1 IB1II
  Could your family
         be affected?
    One company uses
 active carbon filtration
  to regenerate plating
                 baths.
   Capital costs: $9,192
     Maintenance costs:
              $7,973/yr
   Reduction in plating
     bath disposal and
       fresh chemicals
      purchased: 47%
   Savings from reduced
waste disposal:  $67,420
    Savings in chemical
    purchases:  $55,000
          — Illinois Waste
             Management
            and Research
                  Center

   P2/Finance is a user-
    friendly series of free
      software programs
        designed to help
business people analyze
    the costs of pollution
      prevention, energy
    efficiency, and other
    projects to  enhance
   resource efficiency. It
     enables the user to
  compare costs/savings
    of business-as-usual
          practices with
   alternative scenarios.
         — Tellus Institute
                                                                                                           .
                                                                                                           • - "-f
                            Resources

•  National Association of Metal Finishers: www.namf.org, (407) 281-6445
•  EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
•  National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Chromium Electroplat-
   ing: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/chrome/chromepg.html
•  Owner/Operator Information Sheet for Metal Operations.
•  EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Metal Finishing Sector:
   www. epa.gov/sectors/metalfmishing/index. html
•  Fabricated metal products sector notebook:
   www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/fabm
   etsn.pdf
•  U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development Capsule Report: Approaching Zero
   Discharge in Surface Finishing. EPA 625/R-99/008, November 2000. Guidance on
   controls and process changes: www.pfonline.com/magJmages/625R99008AZD.pdf
•  P2/Finance (Tellus Institute): www.tellus.org/b&s/software/p2.html
•  Electroplating and metal finishing: www.cdphe.state.co.us/ap/P2/el_met.htm
•  Plating process:
   www.wmrc.uiuc.edu/main_sections/info_services/library_docs/manuals/fmishing/pl
   ating.htm
•  Electroplating and metal finishing industry:
   www.engext.ksu.edu/ppi/publications/manual/Metalfinish/contents.html
•  Options for industry: www.dep.state.ct.us/wst/p2/industry/optindex.htm
•  Community-Based Projects:  www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

Topic Hubs
•  Metal fabrication and machining:
   vitvw. newmoa. org/prevention/topichub/toc. cfin ?hub=23 &subsec—7&nav=7

•  Machining and metal fabrication:
   www.pprc.org/hubs/subsection.cfm?hub=23&subsec=4&nav-4

•  Plating: www.pprc.org/hubs/subsection.cfm?hub=24&subsec=4&nav=4

Toxicity of Solvents
•  Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
•  Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html

Alternatives
•  Finding an Alternative to Solvent Degreasing:
   www.pprc.org/cpc/Contents/Baseline/EPA%20Publications/Solvent%20Degreasing
   %20Alternatives.pdf
•  Biochemical substitutions:
   www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/library/admin/uploadedfiles/BiochemicalJSubstituti
   on_in_the_Metal_Plating_. html
•  Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org

-------
lilccti opiating
Operations

-------
HEALTHY AIR
  Could your family
        be affected?

   A study in Minnesota
     showed a potential
   emission reduction of
approximately 30% from
  implementing pollution
prevention techniques at
   fiberglass fabrication
              facilities.
     — Minnesota Office of
           Environmental
              Assistance
     The Robert C. Byrd
   Institute for Advanced
  Flexible Manufacturing
 provides statewide and
      regional access to
   advanced technology
and technical training for
small and medium-sized
         manufacturers.
         — Robert C. Byrd
                Institute
                                                                                                      9/12/05
             COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET

            Reducing Air Pollution  from:
      Fiberglass  Fabrication  Operations
Why do fiberglass fabrication
operations need to reduce air
pollution?
  People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
  Fiberglass fabrication operations
produce many kinds of products,
including tubs, showers, spas, car and
truck accessories, boats, and storage
bins. Activities at fiberglass fabrication
operations include mold preparation, gel
coating, laminating, equipment cleaning,
systems operations, and finishing
operations, all of which may release
pollutants into the air and may contribute
to health concerns in the operation and in
the community.
  The best fiberglass fabrication
operations implement pollution
prevention strategies not only to comply
with federal, state, local, and Tribal laws
but also to further minimize impacts on
human health and the environment.
Check with your state, local, or Tribal
agencies for existing regulations.

What kinds of air pollutants may
come from fiberglass fabrication
operations?
• Fiberglass fabrication operations can
  produce emissions of toxic air
  pollutants, including styrene.
• The primary pollutant at most
  operations is styrene, which is
   present in resins and gel coats. A
   portion of the styrene evaporates
   during the curing process.
•  Paints, thinners, solvents, and
   adhesives can release some toxic air
   pollutants and volatile organic
   compounds (VOC). Chemicals in
   these substances can react in the air to
   form ground level ozone (smog),
   which has been linked to a number of
   respiratory effects.

How can fiberglass fabrication
operations help reduce air
pollution?
  Making changes in operation work
practices can stop pollutants at the source.
By evaluating and improving these work
practices, operations can decrease
emissions, reduce production costs, and
protect employee and public health.

Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution are:

Improving System Design
•  Improve production system design to
   minimize waste and exposure of resin
   to the air.
•  Switch from manual operation to
   robotics to increase efficiency.
•  Change to more efficient spray
   technologies.

Changing Raw Materials
•  Use resins and gel coats that contain
   less styrene.
•  Use vapor-suppressed or ultraviolet-
   cured resins.

Reducing Exposure to Solvent
•  Cover solvent containers.
•  Separate wastes to simplify solvent
   recycling.

-------
                             COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
                                          Fiberglass Fabrication
                                                                                                       9/12/05
As a community, what can you do to help
reduce air pollution from fiberglass fabrication
operations?

Make Connections.
•  Get to know local fiberglass fabrication operations
   because they know best about the materials and
   processes used in their business and the regulations
   with which they must comply.
•  Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
   updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
   more public involvement.

Make a Plan
•  One idea is to form a work group that includes local
   owners and operators to develop and implement
   workable pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
•  Use the "For Further Information" list below to
   find governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
   provide help with analysis, technical information,
   equipment, and funding.

Encourage Pollution Prevention
•  Encourage or sponsor training for employees of
   local fiberglass operations.

Reward Shops
•  Use media connections to provide coverage for
   successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
   increased business.
•  Visibly displayed awards or certificates may also
   increase business.
                              For Further Information
•  American Composites Manufacturers Association: www.acmanet.org, (703) 525-0511

•  EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/

•  Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

•  Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm

•  Pollution prevention awards: State, local, or Tribal government agencies, universities

•  Spray Training: American Composite Manufacturers Association: www.acmanet.org/intJex.cftn

•  Toxicity of Solvents: Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air Toxics Health Effects
   Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)

•  Indiana Department of Environmental Management: www.in.gov/idem/oppta/index.html

•  Robert C. Byrd Institute for Advanced Flexible Manufacturing: www.rcbi.org

•  For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
•  Flexible Polyurethane Foam Production: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/foam/foampg.html
•  Flexible Polyurethane Foam Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/foam2/foam2pg.html

                The Indiana Department of Environmental Management works with local
             small businesses to reduce pollution by providing experts for onsite technical
                       assistance, economic advice, and other managerial advice.
                                                — Indiana Department of Environmental Management

-------
HEALTHY AIR
> tOIlVIITT ซป IISIII11 UMIIi IU1M
Could your family
       be affected?
   Low-pressure spray
    techniques reduce
 misting and materials
 waste and can reduce
    emissions by 45%.
    — Minnesota Office of
          Environmental
            Assistance
                                          Reducing Air Pollution from:
                                     Fiberglass Fabrication Operations
Why should my fiberglass fabrication
operation reduce air pollution?
   People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
   Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source.
For example, covering solvent containers
prevents vapors from impacting your
employees.
   Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the  cost of air pollution
controls.
   You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, or Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.

Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my fiberglass
fabrication operation?
•  Fiberglass fabrication operations can
   produce emissions of toxic air
   pollutants, including styrene.
•  The primary pollutant at most
   operations is styrene, which is
   present in resins and gel coats. A
   portion of the styrene evaporates
   during the curing process.
•  Paints, thinners, solvents, and
   adhesives can release some toxic air
   pollutants and volatile organic
   compounds (VOC). Chemicals in
   these substances can also react in the
   air to form ground-level ozone
   (smog), which has been linked to a
   number of respiratory effects.

How can I reduce air pollution from
my fiberglass fabrication operation?

Improve Production System Design
•  Switch from open to closed molds.
•  Reduce time and waste by installing
   impregnator systems that combine
   resin and fiber application.
•  Install resin rollers to eliminate waste
   and excessive resin use.
•  Install vacuum-mold or infusion
   systems to eliminate air bubbles and
   improve product quality.
•  Switch from manual operation to
   robotics. Robotic systems reduce
   production time and result in greater
   accuracy.
•  Use computerized application
   technology to increase process
   efficiency.
•  Switching production systems and
   investing in hardware and software
   for robotics and computer
   applications involves initial costs, but
   the payback period is generally less
   than 3 years.

Change Raw Materials
•  Switch to  resins and gel coats
   containing less styrene.
•  Use ultraviolet-cured or vapor-
   suppressed resin. These resins have
   the potential to emit less styrene.

-------
                     OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION  SHEET
                                Fiberglass Fabrication  Operations
                                                 9/12/2005
Coordinate Equipment Design, Operation, and Use
•  Implement a controlled spray program that includes
   non-atomizing equipment such as flow coaters,
   pressure-fed rollers, and fluid impingement spray
   guns.
•  Use wider mold flanges to reduce overspray.
•  Calibrate the spray gun pressure to operate at the
   lowest effective level.
•  Train operators to hold spray guns perpendicular to
   the surface. Training may result in savings in raw
   materials and labor costs.

Change Spray Technologies
•  Change spray technologies from high-pressure to
   low-pressure sprays.
•  Use non-atomized spray guns instead of atomized
   spray guns. This reduces both overspray and
   emissions.

Reduce Exposure to Resin
•  Use efficient resin application methods, including
   non-atomized flow delivery. That saves time, uses up
   to 10% less materials and can reduce emissions up to
   35%.
•  Use low-cost closed molding technologies such as
   vacuum infusion or resin transfer molding. This
   eliminates the exposure of liquid resin to the
   environment during the manufacturing process.

Reduce Exposure to Solvent
•  Reduce air emissions and prevent contamination by
   covering solvent containers.
•  Separate wastes to simplify the recycling of solvents.
How can preventing air pollution in my
fiberglass fabrication operation save money?
  Preventing pollution saves money by using raw
materials more efficiently, decreasing the risk of fires,
and reducing the costs of spent solvent disposal.
  Preventing pollution at a fiberglass fabrication
operation could result in less time and money spent
on:
•  Ventilating work areas and filtration of air and
   solvents.
•  Pollution control equipment.
•  Sampling, monitoring and testing of materials
   found in the work place.
•  Disposal of wastes and used solvents that may be
   hazardous or toxic.
•  Purchase of raw materials.

What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
  Your community may already have groups working
for cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be
very helpful to these groups.
  Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested businesses. A list of these
small business assistance programs  can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
    Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example, you could provide a cash award for workers
who implement a work practice that reduces both
costs and pollution.
        A boat manufacturer switched to more efficient spray guns (HVLP) and direct roller
           application of resins and reported a reduction in styrene levels of 85% and an
                                   annual cost savings of $11,000.
                                                   — Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Center

-------
   HEALTHY AIR
  Could your family
        be affected?

 Reducing the amount of
    styrene in a resin by
35% to 45% can result in
        an air emissions
     reduction of 20% to
                 50%.
    — Minnesota Technical
       Assistance Program
                                      (WHEIR/OPEKATOR INFORMATION SM€ET waflM5
                                                  Fiberglass Fabrication Operations
                                                          Resources
•  American Composites Manufacturers Association: www.acmanet.org, (703) 525-
   0511

•  Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

•  EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/

•  National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Flexible Polyurethane
   Foam Production: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/foam/foampg.html

•  National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Flexible Polyurethane
   Foam Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/foam2/foam2pg.html

•  Pollution prevention suggestions: www.outreach.missouri.edu/polsol/
  fbrgls. htm#process

•  Technology transfer: www.ecn.purdue.edu/CMTI/Technology>_Transfer/

•  Fiberglass industry profile: www.pprc.org/pprc/sbap/fiber/proflle.cfm

Pollution Prevention
•  Overviews: www.mntap.umn.edu/fiber/75-FRPemissions.htm,
   www.moea.state.mn.us/publications/SIC3088.pdf

•  Fact sheet: www.eq.state.ut.us/EQSHW/ADOBE/p2factsheets/Fiberglassfct.pdf

Topic Hubs
•  Pollution Prevention Resource Center: www.pprc.org/hubs/toc.cfm?
   hub= 10&subsec=7&nav=7

•  Pollution Prevention Regional Information Center: www.p2ric.org/topichubs/
   toc.cfm?hub=l 0&subsec=7&nav=7&CFID= 12373&CFTOKEN=99449821

Guides
•  Fiberglass operations: www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/hwtr/P2/sectors/FRPGuidel.html

•  Pollution prevention: www.-2pays.org/ref/02/01058.pdf

Toxicity of Solvents
•  Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
•  Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html


     A study in Minnesota showed a potential emission reduction of
 approximately 30% from implementing pollution prevention techniques
                   at fiberglass fabrication facilities.

                                    — Minnesota Office of Environmental
                                      Assistance

-------
l-'ibcrglass
Fabrication

-------
HEALTHY  AIR
* ( 0*ซltซ It V *•* I9IIBH* tl*ปfM Cปtซf
  Could your family
         be affected?
         EPA, along with
  Hospitals for a Healthy
        Environment, the
     American Hospitals
         Association, the
       American Nurses
 Association, and Health
     Care Without Harm,
    sponsors two awards
      that target mercury
               pollution.
     — American Hospitals
              Association
 After becoming aware of
    the presence of PVC
 within its neonatal units,
     one hospital system
  conducted a PVC audit
 and identified alternative
  materials for several of
             its devices.
     — Health Care Without
                   Harm
                                                                                                        9/12/05
             COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET

            Reducing Air Pollution from:
                             Hospitals
Why should hospitals reduce air
pollution?
  People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
  Medical  hospitals are facilities that
engage in providing general medical,
surgical, and  specialty services.
Equipment breakage and waste
incineration may release pollutants into
the air and  may contribute to health
concerns in hospitals and in the
community.
  Hospitals implement pollution
prevention strategies not only to help
comply with federal, state, local, and
Tribal laws but also to further minimize
impacts on human health and the
environment. Check with your state,
local, and Tribal agencies for existing
regulations.

What kinds of air pollutants may
come from  hospitals?
•   Hospital  operations can produce
    emissions of toxic air pollutants
    such as mercury and dioxin.
Mercury
•  Mercury can be used in
   thermometers, blood pressure cuffs,
   thermostats, fluorescent lights, and
   other products found in hospitals.
•  At room temperature, elemental
   mercury is a liquid and emits toxic
   vapors,  which can be inhaled into the
   lungs and absorbed into the
   bloodstream.
•  Mercury is very toxic to humans. It
   impacts the kidneys, liver, respiratory
   system, and central nervous system.
•  When emitted indoors, mercury will
   eventually leak into the outdoor air
   through doors, ventilation systems,
   and other openings. It can also reach
   outdoor air through the incinerations
   of mercury-containing products.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
•  PVC is used in plastic products such
   as IV bags, surgical tubing, other
   medical supplies, and construction
   materials.
•  PVC is a source of toxic air
   pollutants when incinerated.  Some
   hospitals incinerate their waste
   onsite.
•  Dioxin is a potent carcinogen and
   interferes with normal reproduction
   and development at low doses.

How can hospitals reduce air
pollution?
  Making changes in hospital operations
can stop pollutants at the source  and
increase efficiency. By evaluating and
improving work practices, hospitals can
decrease emissions, reduce operational
costs, and protect employee and  public
health.

Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:

Replacing Sources of Mercury
•  Use alternatives to mercury
   thermometers, mercury blood
   pressure cuffs, and other equipment.
•  Switch to mercury-free preservatives.
•  Insist on using recovered and
   recycled mercury in all products that
   do not yet have mercury-free
   alternatives.

Locating Sources of Mercury
•  Use a mercury audit on a regular
   basis to locate sources of mercury.
•  Formulate a plan to reduce sources of
   mercury.

-------
                              COMMUNITY INFORMATION  SHEET
                                                   Hospitals
                                                                                                           9/12/05
Communicating Mercury Dangers
•  Develop a training and communication program.
•  Train employees to look for ways to reduce mercury
   pollution.
•  Develop and implement a protocol to prevent hospital
   employees from improperly disposing of mercury.

Reducing PVC Use
•  Conduct a PVC audit.
•  Look for PVC-free products to replace PVC products.
•  Use PVC-free medical devices, construction and
   furnishing products whenever possible.

As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from hospitals?

Make Connections
•  Get to know local hospital administrators because they
   know best about the materials and procedures used in their
   hospitals and the regulations with which they must
   comply.
•  Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
   updates.  Publicity can reward success and attract more
   public involvement.

Make a Plan
•  One idea is to form a work group that includes local
   hospital administrators to develop and implement
   workable pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
•  Use the "For Further Information" list below to find
   governmental and nonprofit contacts who can provide
   help with analysis, technical information, equipment, and
   funding.

Lobby for Pollution Prevention Certification
•  Help hospitals lobby societies such as the American
   Hospital Association to sponsor a certification for those
   who actively strive to reduce  air emissions.

Encourage a "Top Down" Pollution Prevention Approach
•  Many hospitals are part of a larger hospital system that
   includes doctors' offices, outpatient clinics, and
   laboratories.
•  Lobby hospitals to aggressively implement pollution
   prevention measures in all parts of its system.

Help Hospitals Raise Mercury  Awareness in the
Surrounding Community
•  Encourage hospitals to sponsor a "mercury turn-in" event
   in the surrounding community to collect mercury
   thermometers and batteries.
•  This opportunity will allow them to inform the
   community about mercury dangers.
•  Such an event will promote the hospital as a cooperative
   partner within the community.
                                    For Further  Information
          •  Hospitals for a Healthy Environment: www.h2e-online.org, (800) 727-4179

          •  Health Care Without Harm: www.noharm.org, (703) 243-0056

          •  American Hospital Association: www.hospitalconnect.com

          •  American Nurses Association: www.nursingworld.org, (800) 274-4262

          •  Sustainable Hospitals Project: www.sustainablehospitals.org, (978) 934-3386

          •  Healthcare Environmental Resource Center: www.hercenter.org

          •  EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/

          •  Community-Based Projects: http://www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

          •  Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm

          •  Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities

          •  For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
                  HEALTHY  AIR:  A COMMUNITY AND Business  LEADERS  GUIDE

-------
HEALTHY AIR
• commit ปi IIIIIIM mini mut
  Could your family
         be affected?
       A hospital system
 that instituted a mercury
      reduction program
 removed approximately
 440 pounds of mercury
     from thermometers,
    blood pressure cuffs,
   and other equipment.
              — U.S. EPA
            Reducing Air  Pollution from:
                             Hospitals
Why should my hospital reduce air
pollution?
  People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, patients, and
families by using materials, processes, or
practices that reduce or eliminate air
pollution at the source. For example,
switching to mercury-free blood pressure
cuffs reduces mercury emissions in case
of accidental breakage.
  Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
  You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing these pollution prevention
efforts can further minimize impacts on
human health and the environment.

Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from hospitals?
•  Hospital operations can produce
   emissions of toxic air pollutants such
   as mercury and dioxin.
Mercury
•  Mercury can be used in
   thermometers, blood pressure cuffs,
   thermostats, fluorescent lights, and
   other products found in hospitals.
•  At room temperature, elemental
   mercury is a liquid and emits toxic
   vapors, which can be inhaled into the
   lungs and absorbed into the
   bloodstream.
•  Mercury is very toxic to humans. It
   impacts the kidneys, liver, respiratory
   system, and central nervous system.
•  When emitted indoors, mercury will
   eventually leak into the outdoor air
   through doors, ventilation systems,
   and other openings.  It can also reach
   outdoor air through the incineration
   of mercury-containing products.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
•  PVC is used in plastic products such
   as IV bags, surgical tubing, other
   medical supplies, and construction
   materials.
•  PVC is a source of toxic air
   pollutants when incinerated.  Some
   hospitals incinerate their waste
   onsite.
•  Dioxin is a potent carcinogen and
   interferes with normal reproduction
   and development at low doses.

How can I reduce air pollution from
my hospital?

Replace Sources of Mercury
•  Alternatives to mercury
   thermometers include electronic,
   infrared, chemical strip, and gallium,
   indium, and tin thermometers.
•  Mercury blood pressure cuffs can be
   replaced by aneroid and electronic
   blood pressure cuffs.
•  Use gastrointestinal tubes weighted
   with tungsten or water instead of
   mercury.
•  Replace mercury pharmaceutical
   products with mercury-free
   preservatives.
•  Identify why mercury is present as an
   active ingredient in laboratory
   chemicals. It may be possible to
   substitute a mercury-free alternative.

-------
                                   OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET                        9/12/2005
                                  	Hospitals	 	
•  Insist on mercury disclosures of all incoming products to the
   hospital.
•  Insist on using recovered and recycled mercury in all
   products that do not yet have mercury-free alternatives.
•  By reducing the amount of mercury used, you can minimize
   the costs associated with mercury collection, storage,
   recycling or disposal; paperwork for tracking hazardous
   waste disposal; and training for hospital employees who
   handle mercury-containing products or respond to spills.
   Reducing sources of mercury will also help you avoid
   increased regulation in the future.

Locate Sources of Mercury
•  Conduct a regular mercury audit to determine where
   mercury may be used.
•  When forming a mercury audit team, use employees from
   all parts of the hospital. They have the best knowledge
   regarding where sources of mercury pollution may occur.
•  Formulate a plan based on the results of the audit to reduce
   sources of mercury.

Communicate Mercury Dangers
•  Develop a training and communication program aimed at
   increasing the general awareness of mercury health impacts.
•  Train employees to look for ways to reduce mercury
   pollution.
•  Develop and implement a protocol to prevent hospital
   employees from any improper disposal of mercury.

Develop a Mercury  Housekeeping Program
•  Ensure that equipment and operating procedures meet all
   standards for handling mercury. This helps avoid
   inadvertent mercury air emissions.
•  Monitor and maintain the working condition of mercury-
   containing equipment. Label equipment.
•  Establish procedures on how and where mercury may be
   used and disposed.
•  Create and implement spill cleanup procedures for the
   recovery and cleanup of mercury spills.
•  Recycle mercury whenever reducing the amount of mercury
   used is not feasible.

What is a mercury "turn-in" program and how can it
benefit my hospital?
  A mercury "turn-in" program is an event sponsored by
hospitals to receive mercury products that citizens may have in
their homes such as mercury thermometers and batteries. The
hospital then disposes  of the mercury in a safe manner.
  You can use this type of event as a community health
initiative to inform your community of the dangers of mercury
in the  home. Also, mercury "turn-ins" can promote your
hospital as an environmentally friendly hospital and a
cooperative partner within the community.

What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
  Your community may already have groups working for
cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be very helpful
to these groups.
  Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested hospitals. A list of these small
business assistance programs can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides information
about  assistance and technical help, environmental experts,
environmental regulations and laws, funding, and cost-saving
opportunities.
  Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great efforts, and
dedication to pollution prevention. For example, you could
provide a cash award for workers who implement a work
practice that reduces both costs  and pollution.
             A mercury-containing switch blew up at a hospital cafeteria in Michigan. The oven was
                                              damaged beyond repair.
                                          Mercury clean-up cost: $3,500.
                                          Oven replacement cost: $25,000
                                                           — Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

-------
 HEALTHY AIR
 A COBJMIITV *•• IHSIVISt IIAIIIS fUlll
  Could your family
        be affected?
After becoming aware of
   the presence of PVC
within its neonatal units,
    one hospital system
 conducted a PVC audit
and identified alternative
 materials for several of
            its devices.
    — Health Care Without
                  Harm
                           Resources

•  Hospitals for a Healthy Environment: www.h2e-online.org, (800) 727-4179

•  Healthcare Environmental Resource Center: www.hercenter.org

•  Sustainable Hospitals Project: www.sustainablehospitals.org, (978) 934-3386

•  Healthcare Without Harm: www.noharm.org, (703) 243-0056

•  American Hospital Association: www.hospitalconnect.com

•  American Nurses Association: www.nursingworld.org, (800) 274-4262

•  Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

•  EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/

Mercury
•  General Guidelines: www.epa.gov/seahome/mercury/src/guidels.htm

•  Alternative Products: Alternative products: www.p2pays.org/ref/01/00791.htm

•  Medical waste: www.p2pays.org/ref/01/00792.htm

•  Fever thermometer information: www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/pollprev/
   mercury/Mercury.pdf

•  Indoor air quality: www.newmoa.org/prevention/mercury/MercuryIndoor.pdf

•  Identification and reduction: www.p2pays.org/ref/04/03851/hospital.pdf

•  Emissions from healthcare incinerators: www.dec.state.ny.us/website/ppu/
   merchosp.pdf

PVC
•  PVC-free alternatives: www.noharm.org/pvcDehp/pvcFree
                                 At one hospital, a mercury-containing blood pressure cuff broke on a
                                                carpeted surface. Clean-up cost: $2,000
                                       At another hospital, a mercury spill fell into tile crevices.
                                                     Clean-up time: 8 to 16 hours
                                                                   — U.S. EPA

-------
Hospitals

-------
  HEALTHY AIR
  A C*MปVIIIfT *ซt **ftiatfป If AtfM tปt*(
   Could your family
         be affected?
      EPA has found that
   indoor air can be more
 polluted than outdoor air.
Since we spend over 90%
   of our time indoors, we
        risk inhaling more
   pollutants when we are
        guests at  lodging
 properties than when we
             are outside.
             — Green Seal
    One hotel has posted
      their environmental
program on their Web site
 (www.habitatsuites.com).
          — Habitat Suites,
                Austin, TX
Green Seal has initiated a
   certification program to
   help travelers, meeting
           planners, and
         government and
   corporate travel buyers
   identify environmentally
      responsible lodging
              properties.
             — Green Seal
                                                                                                        9/12/05
                                              COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
            Reducing Air  Pollution from:
The Hospitality Industry  (Lodging Sector)
Why should lodging properties reduce
air pollution?
  People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or  eliminate air pollution at the
source.
  The hospitality industry encompasses
a wide range of services and activities
such as lodging, restaurants, food
services, and convention centers. The
lodging sector consists of hotels, motels,
resorts, and bed and breakfasts.
Maintenance and operations activities
within the lodging sector may release
pollutants into the air and may contribute
to health concerns at lodging properties
and in the community.
  The best lodging properties implement
pollution prevention strategies not only
to comply with federal, state, local, and
Tribal laws but also to further minimize
impacts on human health and the
environment. Check with your state,
local, and Tribal agencies for existing
regulations.

What kinds of air pollutants may
come from lodging properties?
•  Lodging properties can produce toxic
   air pollutants and ozone-depleting
   substances.
•  Cleaning supplies, synthetic
   materials, paints, and pesticides can
   release toxic air pollutants and
   volatile organic compounds (VOC).
   Although emitted indoors, these air
   pollutants will also eventually leak
   into the outdoor air through doors,
   ventilation systems, and other
   openings. Once outside, the
   chemicals in these substances can
   react in the air to form ground-level
   ozone (smog), which has been linked
   to a number of respiratory effects.
•  Ozone-depleting substances such as
   chlorofluorocarbons may be released
   by improperly maintained heating,
   ventilation, and air conditioning
   (HVAC) units, refrigeration units,
   and fire extinguishers.

How can lodging properties reduce air
pollution?
  Making changes in how lodging
properties maintain their facilities can
stop pollutants at the source and improve
indoor air quality. By evaluating and
improving work practices, lodging
properties can decrease emissions,
reduce operating costs, and protect
employee and public health.

Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:

Changing Cleaners
•  When possible, use non-toxic
   products. For example, instead of
   products with toxic ingredients to
   clean and polish furniture, use lemon
   oil.
•  Purchase cleaners with low toxic air
   pollutant and VOC content.
•  Choose pump-style sprays, which
   emit fewer toxic air pollutants and
   VOC.

Maintaining Buildings
•  Use water-based, or other less toxic,
   paints and coatings.
•  Regularly inspect floors to determine
   where the most wear occurs. Refinish
   only those portions.
•  If available, use indoor furniture
   made of wood instead of pressed
   wood products, which can emit toxic
   air pollutants.

-------
                            COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
                              The Hospitality Industry (Lodging Sector)
                                                                                                       9/12/05
Controlling Ozone-Depleting Substance Emissions
•  Use "good housekeeping" measures, such as
   checking for leaks in HVAC units and refrigeration
   systems, during equipment maintenance and
   operation.
•  Recover and reuse ozone-depleting substances.
•  At the end of equipment service life, replace with
   new and more efficient equipment that does not use
   ozone-depleting substances.
•  Inspect halon-containing fire extinguishers
   frequently for leaks. Repair or replace faulty
   equipment.

As a community, what can you do to help
reduce air pollution from lodging properties?

Make Connections
•  Get to know local lodging property managers
   because they know best about the materials and
   operations used in their businesses and the
   regulations with which they must comply.
•  Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
   updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
   more public involvement.

Make a Plan
•  One idea is to form a work group that includes local
   lodging owners and operators to develop and
   implement a workable pollution reduction plan.
Locate Resources
•  Use the "For Further Information" list below to
   find governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
   provide help with analysis, technical information,
   equipment, and funding.

Encourage Lodging Properties to "Go Green."
•  A "green" lodging property is a property that is
   managed to be environmentally-friendly through a
   conscious effort to reduce pollution.
•  Use media connections to provide coverage for
   successful efforts in reducing pollution. Positive
   publicity for successful "greening" efforts can
   mean increased business.
•  Visibly displayed awards or certificates stating that
   the lodging property is a "green" property may
   also increase business.
•  Motivate lodging property managers to become
   involved in "green" organizations for the
   hospitality industry such as Green Seal or the
   "Green" Hotels Association.
                              For Further  Information
   American Hotel and Lodging Association: www.ahla.com, (202) 289-3100
   Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
   "Green" Hotels Association (Information specific to lodging properties): www.greenhotels.com, (713) 789-8889
   Green Seal: www.greenseal.org, (202) 872-6400
   EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
   EPA Green Meetings Web Site: www.epa.gov/oppt/greenmeetings/
   Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
   Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities

   For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.

-------
 HEALTHY AIR
          IHIIIISS llMCMIIHIt
  Could your family
        be affected?
    At one hotel, a large
  chiller using CFC-12, a
        common ozone-
    depleting substance,
    serviced walk-in and
      under-the-counter
        coolers. Usually,
       retrofitting chillers
   requires changing the
     type of oil used. By
   substituting R-409a, a
    less ozone-depleting
substance, no oil change
was needed, and the life
of the original equipment
  was extended. Also, R-
 409a costs less. Both of
    these factors led to a
           cost savings.
         — United Nations
              OzonAction
             and Tourism
             Programmes
            Reducing Air  Pollution from:
The  Hospitality Industry (Lodging Sector)
Why should my lodging property
reduce air pollution?
  People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source;
  Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
  You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.

Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my lodging property?
•  Lodging properties can produce toxic
   air pollutants and ozone-depleting
   substances.
•  Cleaning supplies, synthetic
   materials, paints, and pesticides can
   release toxic air pollutants and
   volatile organic  compounds (VOC).
   Although emitted indoors, these air
   pollutants will also eventually leak
   into the outdoor air through doors,
   ventilation systems, and other
   openings. Once outside, the
   chemicals in these substances can
   react in the air to form ground-level
   ozone (smog), which has been linked
   to a number of respiratory effects.
•  Ozone-depleting substances such as
   chlorofluorocarbons may be released
   by improperly maintained heating,
   ventilation, and air conditioning
   (HVAC) units, refrigeration units,
   and fire extinguishers.

How can I reduce the air pollution
from my lodging property?

Change Cleaners
•  Choose non-toxic products such as
   baking soda, vinegar, and lemon oil.
•  Purchase cleaners with less than 10
   percent VOC by weight and those
   that have low toxic air pollutant
   content.
•  Choose pump-style sprays instead of
   aerosols. These sprays emit fewer
   toxic air pollutants.
•  Increase cleaning power of low toxic
   substances by combining, for
   example, baking soda and vinegar.

Building Maintenance Practices
•  Use water-based, or other less toxic,
   paints and coatings to maintain floors
   and walls.
•  Reduce the amount of refinishing
   needed for hardwood floors by
   regularly inspecting floors to
   determine where the most wear
   occurs. Refinish only those portions.
                                  "Being environmentally responsible really does increase the bottom line
                                  and guest satisfaction at knowing they are contributing to helping our
                                            planet.  Business has increased 15%+ since 1994"
                                                                      — Janet Byrd, Director of Marketing/
                                                                        Environmental Programs at the Colony Hotel,
                                                                        Kennebunkport, Maine

-------
                      OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
                     	The Hospitality Ijndustry (Lodging Sector)	
                                                 9/12/2005
•  If possible, use indoor furniture made of wood
   instead of pressed wood products. If that isn't
   possible, then use pressed wood products that contain
   phenol resin instead of urea resin, which is more
   toxic.

Control Emissions of Toxic Air Pollutants and
Ozone-Depleting Substances
•  Limit idling of tour buses around HVAC intake vents
   and entrances to prevent high concentrations of
   diesel vapors.
•  Use "good housekeeping" measures, such as
   checking for leaks in piping, to avoid loss of ozone-
   depleting substances during HVAC unit and
   refrigeration equipment maintenance and operation.
•  Recover and reuse ozone-depleting substances after
   dismantling HVAC and refrigeration equipment for
   service.
•  Retrofit existing HVAC and refrigeration units to
   avoid leakage and loss of existing ozone-depleting
   substances.
•  Phase out chemicals that deplete the ozone by
   retrofitting HVAC units and refrigerant units to use
   chemicals with a low, or zero, ozone-depleting
   substance content.  There are financial benefits to
   phasing out these chemicals that help offset the
   expense of retrofitting. The cost savings will result
   from the prevention of chemical leakages and from
   the improved energy efficiency offered by many of
   the newer, zero-ozone-depleting substances and
   units.
•  At the end of equipment service life, replace with
   new and more efficient equipment that does not use
   ozone-depleting substances.

Reduce Ozone-Depleting Substance Emissions from
Fire Extinguishers
•  At the end of its service life, replace halon-
   containing fire extinguishers with alternative non-
   halon equipment.
•  Inspect halon-containing fire extinguishers
   frequently for leaks. Repair or replace if leaks are
   discovered.

What is a "green" lodging property?
  A "green" lodging property is a property that is
managed to be environmentally-friendly, by making a
conscious effort to reduce pollution. Many people
prefer to stay at a hotel that follows "green"
principles; this may result in increased income.
  Being a "green" hotel, which includes improving air
quality, tells the world that the environment is
important to you.
  Being a "green" hotel also raises the awareness of
both your staff and guests about the need to be as
environmentally-friendly as possible. When your
guests learn about a hotel's environmental activities,
they provide positive feedback, indicating increased
customer satisfaction.

What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
  Your community may already have groups working
for cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be
very helpful to these groups.
  Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for interested businesses. A list of these
small business assistance programs can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
  Also, sponsor employee awards for good ideas,
great efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention.
For example, you could provide a cash award for
workers who implement a work practice that reduces
both costs and pollution.
      Green Seal has initiated a certification program to help travelers, meeting planners, and
 government and corporate travel buyers identify environmentally responsible lodging properties.
                                                      — Green Seal
             HEALTHY   AIR.   A Cow

-------
 HEALTHY AIR
 A COHMOIItV AM9 lOSIRfSS LIADU1 SUIIE
  Could your family
        be affected?
  One hotel converted its
 fire extinguisher system
to an "Inergen" system, a
 combination of nitrogen,
      argon, and carbon
  dioxide. This mixture is
 cheaper than halon, and
     these gases do not
produce ozone-depleting
           substances.
         — United Nations
          OzonAction and
                Tourism
            Programmes
                                                                    INFORMATION SHEET
                                             The Hospitality Industry (Lodging Sector)
                                                         Resources
•  EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/

•  EPA Green Meetings Web Site: www.epa.gov/oppt/greenmeetings/

•  Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

•  "Green Hotels" program standards: www.vtgreenhoteh.org/downloads/GHstds.pdf

•  Protecting the ozone layer: www.uneptie.org/ozonaction/library/tech/mmcfiles/1556-
   e.pdf

•  Success stories: www.deq.state.va.us/p2/lodging/success.html

•  Environmental Practices Handbook: www.habitatsuites.com/
   environmentalpracticeshandbook.pdf

•  Tourism and the environment: www.dep.state.pa.us/depuate/pollpreve/Industry/
   hotels/default, htm

•  Janitorial products: www.wrppn.org/Janitorial/jp4.cfin

•  Indoor air quality: www.state.tn.us/environment/dca/p2/p2air-indoor.php

Organizations
•  American Hotel and Lodging Association: www.ahla.com, (202) 289-3100

•  "Green" Hotels Association: www.greenhotels.com, (713) 789-8889

•  Green Seal: www.greenseal.org, (202) 872-6400
                                     One hotel uses naturally-scented, non-toxic, phosphate-free,
                                               biodegradable products. These include:
                                         Vinegar: Cleans mirrors, windows, and metal fixtures
                                            Baking soda:  Cleans refrigerators and stoves
                                                   Vinegar and salt: Cleans metal
                                              Tea tree oil and lemon oil: Polishes wood.
                                                                   — Habitat Suites, Austin, TX

-------
HiKspiUilits Intlustiy
(lodging Sector)

-------
HEALTHY AIR
A (OHMItttltV I
  Could your family
         be affected?

 The Pollution Prevention
     Assistance Division
   (P2AD) of the Georgia
   Department of Natural
     Resources provides
     pollution prevention
  assistance and training
  to companies that have
  metal operations. P2AD
  has also developed the
     Pollution Prevention
   Partners (P3) program
   as a means of getting
   companies involved in
     formalized pollution
             prevention.
              — U.S. EPA
    Targeted outreach is
     needed to meet the
 needs of small and mid-
        size companies.
   Regional trade shows
 and conferences may be
   a good place for these
   companies to keep up
           with the latest
   technologies and meet
 vendors and government
  and university technical
    assistance providers.
                                                                                                      9/12/05
       COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET

            Reducing Air Pollution from:
                      Metal Operations
Why do metal operations need to
reduce air pollution?
  People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
  Metal operations manufacture and
finish metal parts ranging from paper
clips to car bodies and spiral staircases.
Activities at metal operations include
metal fabrication, surface preparation,
metal finishing, and other processes, all
of which may release pollutants into the
air and may contribute to health
concerns in the shop and in the
community.
  The best metal operations implement
pollution prevention strategies not only
to help comply with federal, state, local,
and Tribal laws but also to further
minimize impacts on human health and
the environment. Check with your state,
local, and Tribal agencies for existing
regulations.

What kinds of air pollutants  may
come from metal operations?
•  Metal operations can produce
   emissions of toxic air pollutants,
   including metals.
•  Lubricants, degreasers, and cleaners
   can release some toxic air pollutants
   and volatile organic compounds
   (VOC). Chemicals in these
   substances can also react in the air to
   form ground-level ozone (smog),
   which has been linked to a number of
   respiratory effects.
•  Toxic air pollutants and particle
   pollution (dust) containing metals can
   result from the fumes generated by
   soldering or welding operations.
   While federal, state, local, and Tribal
   regulations limit the amount of
   emissions from metal operations,
   dangerous releases of toxic air
   pollutants can occur if a metal
   operation is not in compliance with
   regulations.

How can metal operations reduce air
pollution?
   Making changes in operation work
practices can stop pollutants at the
source and increase production
efficiency. By evaluating and improving
work practices, operations can decrease
emissions, reduce production costs, and
protect employee and public health.

Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:

 Substituting Materials
•  Use cleaners with low toxic air
   pollutant and VOC content.
•  Use metalworking fluids that are less
   volatile.

Changing Cleaning Procedures
•  Use cleaning procedures that reduce
   the amount of solvent needed
•  Collect and reuse old solvent.
•  Reduce storage time between
   metalworking and finishing, to avoid
   using rust inhibitors.
                                The Solvent Alternatives Guide (SAGE) is an online guide for solvent and
                                              process alternatives for cleaning equipment.
                                                                     -U.S.EPA

-------
                             COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
                                             Metal Operations
                                                                                                            9/12/05
Changing Processes
•  Install an induction furnace for metal casting.  This
   will reduce particle pollution by 75%.
•  Remove all paint and solvents from metals before
   welding, to avoid generating toxic fumes.
•  Use welding materials and processes that reduce
   fumes.

As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from metal operations?

Make Connections
•  Get to know local owners and operators. They know
   best about the materials and processes used in their
   business and the regulations with which they must
   comply.
•  Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
   updates.  Publicity can reward success and attract
   more public involvement.

Make a Plan
•  One idea is to form a work group that includes local
   metal operations owners and operators to develop
   and implement workable pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
•  Use the "For Further Information" list below to
   find governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
   provide help with analysis, technical information,
   equipment, and funding.

Encourage Pollution Prevention
•  Small metal operations may need funding in order
   to attend or provide training.
•  Improved skills lead to reduced toxic air pollutant
   exposure for workers.
•  Work with pollution prevention organizations to
   reach metal operators.
•  Help sponsor trade show exhibits and training
   workshops to show the latest technologies.

Reward Facilities
•  Use media connections to provide coverage for
   successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
   increased business.
•  Visibly displayed awards or certificates may also
   increase business.
                               For Further Information
   National Association of Metal Finishers: www.namf.org, (407) 281-6445
   EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw
   EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Metal Finishing Sector:
   www.epa.gov/sectors/metalfmishing/index.html, (202) 566-1961
   EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Metal Casting Sector:
   www.epa.gov/sectors/metalcasting/index.html, (202) 566-1407
   Community Information Sheet for Electroplating Operations
   Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
   Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
   Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
   Training opportunities: Local metal operations trade association
   Solvent Alternatives Guide SAGE: www.sage.rti.org
   Toxicity of Solvents: Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air Toxics Health Effects Note-
   books (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)

   For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
                                             li     •

-------
HEALTHY AIR
i commit nt IMIIIII iiuiii HIM
   Could your family
         be affected?

  To clean metal parts,
a company in Georgia
   used to immerse an
     industrial cloth in
   lacquer thinner and
   wipe the part clean.

     Amount of lacquer
thinner waste produced:
  15,632 pounds (39 55-
          gallon drums)

  Hazardous materials
disposal costs: $3,900

    Then they changed
    cleaning processes,
spraying the part with a
   citrus-based cleaner
and wiping it clean, this
       method reduced
  lacquer thinner usage.

     Amount of lacquer
thinner produced: 2,990
      pounds (7 drums)

  Hazardous materials
  disposal costs: $700
  — Georgia Department of
        Natural Resources
            Reducing Air  Pollution from:
                      Metal Operations
Why should my metal operation
reduce air pollution?
   People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
   Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source. For
example, covering containers of cleaning
solvents minimizes the amount of vapors
that escape.
   Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
   You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention  practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
further minimizes impacts on human
health and the environment.

Why should I be concerned about
air pollution from  my metal
operation?
•  Metal operations can produce
   emissions of toxic air pollutants,
   including metals.
•  Lubricants, degreasers, and cleaners
   can release some toxic air pollutants
   and volatile organic compounds
   (VOC). Chemicals in these
   substances can also react in the air to
   form ground-level ozone (smog),
   which has been linked to a number of
                                A metal precision casting company switched to a citrus-based solvent for
                                cleaning patterns used to make casting molds. This change reduced the
                                     company's air toxics emissions by over 18,000 pounds a year.

                                                                   — Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention
                                                                     Center
   respiratory effects.
•  Toxic air pollutants and particle
   pollution (dust) containing metals can
   result from the fumes generated by
   soldering or welding operations. While
   federal, state, local, and Tribal
   regulations limit the amount of
   emissions from metal operations,
   dangerous releases of toxic air
   pollutants can occur if a metal operation
   is not in compliance with regulations.

How can I reduce air pollution from
my metal operation?

Substitute Materials
•  Choose cleaners and degreasers such as
   waterborne cleaners that have a lower
   toxic air pollutant and VOC content.
•  Use precoated or primed materials that
   do not require any additional
   lubrication.
•  Use less volatile metalworking fluids to
   reduce vaporization in heat treating.

Lower Emissions at the Source
•  Securely cover all containers to reduce
   the chance of spills when transferring
   materials.
•  Use funnels or pumps to avoid spills
   when dispensing materials.
•  Only open airtight containers when
   adding or dispensing  liquids. This
   minimizes evaporative emissions and
   waste.
•  Reduce the amount of time that the
   metal and metalworking fluids are
   exposed to the air during cleaning,
   melting, and die casting.

-------
                       OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
                       	        Jvletal Operations	
                                                                                                          9/12/2005
Change Cleaning Procedures
•  "Clean as you go" policies reduce the amount of
   solvent needed for removing heavy build-up.
•  Use mechanical cleaning such as scraping or wiping
   before using solvents.
•  Reuse cleaning solution or solvent.  Use dirty solvent
   for initial cleaning, then follow with clean solvent.
•  Switch to a water-based cleaning system like an
   ultrasonic cleaner, manual parts washers, automatic
   spray equipment, or baths with agitation.
•  Reduce storage time between metalworking and
   finishing to  offset the need for rust inhibiting oils.

Recycle Materials
•  Use an on-site distillation unit to clean dirty cleaning
   liquid. This  makes the solvent available for reuse in
   the production process.
•  In metal casting, collect and recycle the dust from
   furnaces and curing ovens by using
   pyrometallurgical treatment, rotary  kiln, or other
   processes.
•  Recycle  oil, which does not need treatment before
   recycling, from cutting/machining operations.

Change Processes
•  Install an induction furnace for metal casting, which
   emits about  75 percent less particle  pollution and
   vapors than  other furnace types. An induction
   furnace does not require combustion gases or
   excessive metal temperatures.
•  Centralize degreasing procedures to reduce and
   better track use of solvents.
•  Remove all  paint and solvents from the area to be
   welded to avoid generating toxic fumes during
   welding.
•  Reduce the amount of fumes by using welding rods
   that produce a low fume and by using the least
   amount of heat and toxic welding material allowed
   by the manufacturer's manuals.

Upgrade Your Equipment
•  Check with  your state, local, or Tribal pollution
   prevention office for funding possibilities.
How does reducing solvent emissions save me
money?
   Using an on-site distillation unit reduces the
amount of spent solvent sent off-site as well as the
amount stored on-site as hazardous waste, reducing
both the cost of solvent disposal and fresh solvent
purchase.
   Examine and streamline production processes to
reduce overall cleaning solvent and degreaser use. For
example,  monitor solvent quality and consolidate parts
washing processes. Service units only when the
solvent quality dictates.

How do I know what changes are best for my
operation?
   One way to include environmental decision-
making into your daily business is to use an
Environmental Management System (EMS) to help
achieve continuous performance improvement. Metal
finishers throughout the U.S. have found that using
this plan-do-check-act approach creates a simple
framework to examine ways your operation can affect
the environment and tailor changes to meet your
unique needs.

What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
   Your community may already have groups
working for cleaner air. Your expertise and
knowledge can be very helpful to these groups.
   Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-
site assessments for interested businesses. A list of
these small business assistance programs can be found
at www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
   Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example,  you could provide a cash award for workers
who implement a work practice that reduces both
costs and pollution.
   EPA's Sector Strategies Program has Environmental Management Systems available for metal
  operations shops to use. An EMS helps metal operations shops integrate environmental decision
                                  making into day-to-day operations.
                                                      —U.S.EPA

-------
 HEALTHY AIR
 1 COIMHItl ซซi IIIIIIISI1IUCM ซUlil


  Could your family
        be affected?
          An aerospace
  manufacturer replaced
1,1,1-trichloroethane and
     methyl ethyl ketone
    cleaning solvent with
    non-toxic cleaner for
 hand-wiping operations.
     Workers prefer this
    cleaner because it is
more efficient and leaves
       less residue. The
   change reduced toxic
 emissions by thousands
    of pounds and saves
     $250,000 per year.
      — Pacific Northwest
         Pollution Prevent
          Resource Center
       One shop used a
  stamping lubricant that
 can remain on the piece
      until the annealing
 process. This resulted in
 savings of $12,000 from
   reduced disposal, raw
      material,  and labor
       costs. Waste was
    reduced from 30,000
       pounds in 1982 to
  12,000 pounds in 1986.
 Working conditions also
   improved by removing
  vapors associated with
the old cleaning process.
              — U.S. EPA
                            Resources

•  National Association of Metal Finishers: www.namf.org, (407) 281-6445

•  EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/

•  Community-Based Projects:  www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

•  Owner Operator Information Sheet for Electroplating Operations

•  Assessment and guidance: www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/99412.pdf

•  Good operating practices: dep.state.ct.us/wst/p2/industry/p2options.pdf

•  Pollution prevention opportunities and impediments:
   www.ganet.org/dnr/p2ad/pblcations/metal.html

•  Biochemical Substitutions in the Metal Plating and Finishing Industry:
   www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/library/admin/uploadedfiles/Biochemical_Substituti
   ons_in_the_Metal_Plating. html

EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program
•  EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Metal Finishing Sector:
   www.epa.gov/sectors/metalfinishing/index.html, (202) 566-1961

•  EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Metal Casting Sector:
   www.epa.gov/sectors/metalcasting/index.html,  (202) 566-1407

Environmental Management Systems
•  Metal Finishing Sector: www.epa.gov/sectors/metalfinishing/ems.htmltfems

•  Metal Casting Sector: www.epa.gov/sectors/metalcasting/ems.html#diecastems

Sector Notebooks
•   Fabricated Metal Products Sector Notebook:
    www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/fab
    metsn.pdf

•   Metal Casting Industry Sector Notebook:
    www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistances/sectors/notebooks/met
    cstsna.pdf

Topic Hubs
•  Pollution Prevention Resource Center:
   www.pprc.org/hubs/toc.cfm?hub=24&subsec=7&nav—7

•  Northeast Waste Management Officials' Association:
   www.newmoa.org/prevention/topichub/toc.cfm?hub=23&subsec=7&nav=7

Toxicity of Solvents
•  Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris

•  Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html

-------
Mei.il Opa.iiion<,

-------
 HEALTHY AIR
  Could your family
        be affected?
        Certain paints or
 coatings may contain as
    much as 40% volatile
     organic compounds
 (VOC). By reformulating
   the mixture to be low-
   VOC, air emissions of
 these pollutants may be
               reduced.
       — National Paint and
       Coating Association
     In one year, a paint
  manufacturer took back
       44,000 gallons of
    unused paint from its
         customers and
         consumers and
     reworked it into new
         paint products.
     — Valspar Corporation
      One manufacturer
     recycles and reuses
 95% of the solvent used
  in the cleanup process,
which reduces emissions
      and the amount of
      solvent purchased.
              — Pollution
               Solutions
                                                                                                      9/12/05
             COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET

            Reducing Air Pollution from:
        Paint  and Coating Manufacturing
Why should paint and coating
manufacturing operations reduce air
pollution?
   People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
   Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
   Paint and coating manufacturing
operations produce paints, inks,
adhesives, and a variety of other
specialty coatings that preserve, protect,
and decorate products. Activities such as
mixing and cleaning operations may
release pollutants into the air and cause
health concerns in the community.
   The best paint and coating
manufacturing operations implement
pollution prevention strategies not only
to help comply with federal, state, local,
and Tribal laws but also to further
minimize impacts on human health and
the environment. Check with your state,
local, and Tribal agencies for existing
regulations.

What kinds of air pollutants may
come from the manufacture of paints
and coatings?
•  Paint and coating manufacturing
   operations can produce hazardous air
   pollutants, including heavy metals.
•  Mixing and cleaning operations can
   release some toxic air pollutants and
   volatile organic compounds (VOC).
   Chemicals in these substances can
   react in the air to form ground-level
   ozone (smog), which has been linked
   to a number of respiratory effects.
•  Pigment  grinding and milling emits
   particle pollution (dust), which can
   contain heavy metals and other toxic
   air pollutants. While federal, state,
   local, and Tribal regulations limit the
   amount of emissions from paint and
   coating manufacturing operations,
   dangerous releases of toxic air
   pollutants can occur if a paint and
   coating manufacturing operation is
   not in compliance with regulations.

How can paint and coating
manufacturers reduce air pollution?
   Making changes in operation work
practices can stop pollutants at the
source and increase production
efficiency. By evaluating and improving
work practices, operations can decrease
emissions, reduce production costs, and
protect employee and public health.

Examples of changes in work practices
that help reduce air pollution include:

Changing Products
•  Eliminate the use of heavy metals
   like chromium and cadmium in paint
   pigments.
•  Change coatings to reduce solvent
   content.

Changing Cleaning Procedures
•  Use cleaning procedures that reduce
   the amount of solvent needed.
•  Schedule product runs to minimize
   the amount of cleaning needed
   between colors or products.

Recycling and Reformulating
•  Collect dust from pigment grinding
   operations for reuse.
•  Rework or blend off-specification
   materials into new products.
•  Set up or participate in a paint
   exchange program.

-------
                            COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
                                  Paint ant Coating Manufacturing
                                               9/12/05
As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from paint and coating manufacturing
operations?

Make Connections
•  Get to know local paint and coating manufacturing
   operation owners and operators. They know best
   about the materials and processes used in their
   business and the regulations with which they must
   comply.
•  Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
   updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
   more public involvement.

Make a Plan
•  One idea is to form a work group that includes local
   owners and operators to develop and  implement
   workable pollution reduction plans.

Locate Resources
•  Use the "For Further Information" list below to find
   governmental and nonprofit contracts who can
   provide help with analysis, technical information,
   equipment, and funding.

Reward Operations
•  Use media connections to provide coverage for
   successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
   increased business.
•  Visibly displayed awards or certificates may also
   increase business.

Inform the Public
•  Work with coating manufacturers to educate the
   public about reformulated paints.
•  Users of reformulated coatings may require
   training to inform them that these coatings will
   have the same functionality as the coatings they
   replace.
•  Emphasize reductions in toxic air pollutant
   emissions, safety hazards, and the use of
   potentially toxic solvents.
                              For Further Information
   National Paint and Coatings Association: www.paint.org, (202) 462-6272
   EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
   EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Paint and Coatings Sector:
   www.epa.gov/sectors/paintcoatings/index.html, (202) 566-2958
   National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Coating Manufacturing:
   www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mcm/mcmpg.html
   National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing and Mis-
   cellaneous Coating Manufacturing: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mon/monpg.html
   Paints and Coatings Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org
   Community-Based Projects:  www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
   Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
   Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
   Toxicity of materials: Materials suppliers, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air Toxics
   Health Effects Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)
   Training opportunities: Paint and coatings manufacturing trade associations
   Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org
   The Coatings Guide™: www.cage.rti.org

   For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
                                             Ul

-------
  HEALTHY AIR
  Could your family
        be affected?
      One manufacturer
   successfully replaced
  lead pigments used for
corrosion resistance with
    yttrium, which is 100
    times safer as a dust
     than lead at typical
    levels of use. Use of
    yttrium in the coating
also eliminates the need
           for a chrome
     pretreatment in the
finishing process. Use of
     the yttrium coating
     should eliminate up
   to 1 million pounds of
     lead in this coating
application over the next
          several years.
        — PPG Industries
           Reducing Air Pollution from:
        Paint  and Coating Manufacturing
Why should my paint and coating
manufacturing operation reduce air
pollution?
   People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
   Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using  materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source.
   Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
   You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.

Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from paint and coating
manufacturing operations?
•  Paint and coating manufacturing
   operations can produce hazardous air
   pollutants, including heavy metals.
•  Mixing and cleaning operations can
   release some toxic air pollutants and
   volatile organic  compounds (VOC).
   Chemicals in these substances  can
   react in the air to form ground-level
   ozone (smog), which has been linked
   to a number of respiratory effects.
•  Pigment grinding and milling emit
   particle pollution (dust), which can
   contain heavy metals and other toxic
   air pollutants. While federal, state,
   local, and Tribal regulations limit the
   amount of emissions from paint and
   coating manufacturing operations,
   dangerous releases of toxic air
   pollutants can occur if a paint and
   coating manufacturing operation is
   not in compliance with regulations.

How can I reduce air pollution from
my paint and coating
manufacturing operation?

Change Products
•  Eliminate the use of heavy metals
   such as chromium, lead and mercury
   in coating mixtures. Non-hazardous
   biocides are available to replace
   mercury-containing coatings
   designed to kill bacteria.
•  Reformulate coatings to higher solid
   coatings, waterborne coatings,
   powder coatings, or ultraviolet (UV)
   light-cured coatings.

Lower Emissions at the Source
•  Cover tanks during blending, mixing,
   and while waiting to transfer the
   paint or coating into packaging.
•  Cover tanks to reduce leakage of
   vapors.
•  Cover all materials securely to reduce
   the chance of spills when transferring
   materials.
Change Cleaning Procedures
•  Mandate a "clean as you go" policy
   to reduce the amount of solvent
   needed for removing heavy build-up.
                                   One manufacturer recycles and reuses 95% of the solvent used in the
                                       cleanup process, which reduces emissions and the amount of
                                                            solvent purchased.
                                                                     — Pollution Solutions

-------
                         OWNER/OPERATOR  INFORMATION SHEET
                                                                                                             9/12/2005
•  Where tanks can be cleaned manually, use a wiper or
   squeegee rather than solvents.
•  Use a high pressure spray hose to clean tanks. This
   reduces the amount of solvent needed.
•  Reuse cleaning solution or solvent. For example, use
   dirty solvent for initial cleaning. Then follow with
   clean solvent.
•  Use cleaners with low toxic air pollutant and VOC
   content, such as water-based cleaners.
•  Dedicate equipment to a single product, or family of
   products that are similarly colored, to reduce the
   need for equipment cleaning between batches.

Recycle and Reformulate  Materials
•  Reuse dust captured by a baghouse during pigment
   grinding.
•  Set up, or participate in, a paint exchange program
   where customers return  unused paint that can be
   reworked into future products.
•  Rework or blend off-specification materials into new
   products.

Reduce or Eliminate Toxic Emissions
•  Reduce emissions of particle pollution by using a
   baghouse to collect dust.
•  Use pigments in a slurry or paste instead of in dry
   form, to minimize dust.
•  Grind or mix raw ingredients with sandmills instead
   of ballmills. Sandmills are more efficient and require
   less solvent for cleanup.

Upgrading equipment and reformulating paint may
be better, but how expensive  is it?
   Though reformulating coatings or using new or
different processes may be more expensive, raw material
costs may decrease. Also, these coatings reduce the
amount of toxic air pollutants emitted at your operation
as well as operations using  the coatings.
   If you decide to upgrade the equipment in your
operation, check with your  state, local, or Tribal
pollution prevention office  for funding possibilities.

How can I inform  my customers about
reformulated paints?
   Users of reformulated paints and coatings may not
have used these types of paints before and may require
training to inform them that these paints and coatings
will have the same functionality as conventional
formulations.
   Provide workshops and/or information about the
advantages and disadvantages of reformulated paints
and coatings. Emphasize reductions in toxic air
pollutant emissions, safety hazards, and the use of
potentially toxic solvents.
   At your operation, institute management
procedures and goals that require an evaluation of
pollution prevention techniques before any products
are formulated or re-formulated. Communicate to
suppliers your commitment to your pollution
prevention procedures and goals.
   Also, sponsor or participate in a paint exchange
program where customers can return paints  to be
reworked into other paints.

What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
   Your community may already have groups
working for cleaner air. Your expertise and
knowledge can be very helpful to these groups.
   Many pollution prevention offices offer  free on-
site assessments for interested businesses. A list of
these small business assistance programs can be found
at www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding,, and cost-saving opportunities.
   Refer your customers to Web sites for the Solvent
Alternatives  Guide (www.sage.rti.org) and The
Coatings Guide™ (www.cage.rti.org) where they can
increase their understanding of reformulated paints
and coatings. Stay involved with trade associations
and keep up to date with industry developments
through industry-related Web sites.
   Also, sponsor employee awards for good ideas,
great efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention.
For example, you could provide a cash award for
workers who implement a work practice that reduces
both costs  and pollution.

-------
 HEALTHY AIR
 A COftttVaiTT Alt IMIttlSf LIAItlf •Hill
   Could your family
         be affected?
  One paint manufacturer
recycles and reuses 95%
of the solvent used in the
   cleanup process. The
company estimated that it
       generates $9,600
 annually in savings from
      reductions in waste
   generation and solvent
           consumption.

         —The Carbohydrate
                Economy
             Clearinghouse
                           Resources

•  National Paint and Coatings Association: www.paint.org, (202) 462-6272

•  EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/

•  EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Paint and Coatings Sector:
   www.epa.gov/sectors/paintcoatings/index.html, (202) 566-2958

•  Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

•  Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org

•  Topic hub: www.pprc.org/hubs/toc.cfin?hub=28&subsec=7&nav=7

•  Assessment and guidance: www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/98410.pdf

•  Good operating practices: dep.state.ct.us/wst/p2/industry/optindex.htm

•  Special Chem:  www.paintandcoatings.com

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
•  Miscellaneous Coating Manufacturing: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mcm/mcmpg.html

•  Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing and Miscellaneous Coating
   Manufacturing: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mon/monpg.html

Alternatives
•  Solvent Alternative Guide:  www.sage.rti.org

•  The Coatings Guide: www.cage.rti.org

•  The Carbohydrate Economy:
   www.carbohydrateeconomy.org/library/admin/uploadedfiles/Biochemical_Substituti
   ons_in_the_Paint_Industr.html

Toxicity of Materials
•  Materials suppliers
•  Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
•  Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html
                                  EPA's Sector Strategies Program works within the paint and coating

                                       manufacturing sector to assess opportunities for improving

                                     environmental performance while reducing regulatory burden.

                                                                    — U.S. EPA

-------
Paml and Coaling
iVlanul'acUinnu

-------
HEALTHY AIR
* 
-------
                             COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
                                    Painting and Coating Operations
                                                9/12/05
Lowering Emissions at the Source
•  Open containers only when adding or dispensing
   materials.
•  Use wet and dry filters in a spray booth to capture
   and control particulate emissions.

As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from painting and coating operations?

Make Connections
•  Get to know local painting and coating operation
   owners and operators. They know best about the
   materials and processes used in their business and the
   regulations with which they must comply.
•  Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
   updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
   more public involvement.

Make a Plan
•  One idea is to form a work group that includes local
   painting and coating operations to develop and
   implement workable pollution reduction plans.

Locate Resources
•  Use the "For Further Information" list below to
   find governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
   provide help with analysis, technical information,
   equipment, and funding.

Sponsor Training and Translation
•  Small operations may need funding in order to
   attend or provide training.
•  Improved skills lead to reduced paint usage and
   exposure for workers.

Reward Operations
•  Use media connections to provide coverage for
   successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
   increased business.
•  Visibly displayed awards and certificates may also
   increase business.
                               For Further Information
•  National Paint and Coatings Association: www.paint.org, (202) 462-6272
•  EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Paint and Coating Sector:
   www.epa.gov/sectors/paintcoatings/index.html, (202) 566-2958
•  Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
•  Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
•  Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
•  Toxicity of paints and solvents:  Paint or coating suppliers, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
   (www.epa.gov/iris), Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)
•  Training opportunities: Trade associations for painters and coalers.
•  STARฎ Painting Techniques: Iowa Waste Reduction Center: www.iwrc.org/programs/STAR.cfm, , (800) 422-3109
•  Paints and Coatings Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org
•  The Coatings Guide™: www.cage.rti.org
•  Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org
•  For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
•  Auto and Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/auto/autopg.html
•  Large Appliance Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/lapp/lapplpg.html
•  Magnetic Tape Manufacturing: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/magtape/magtappg.html
•  Metal Can  Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mcan/mcanpg.html
•  Metal Coil Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mcoil/mcoilpg.html
•  Miscellaneous Metal  Parts and Products Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/misc/miscpg.html
•  Paper and Other Web Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/powc/powcpg.html
•  Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/plastic/plasticpg.html
•  Wood Building Products Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/wbldg/wbldgpg.html

-------
HEALTHY AIR
A COMMVIITT Alt IISIIISS IIUIII ซIHซ
 Could your family
       be affected?

         One company
     substituted higher-
       solids paints for
  conventional solvent-
  borne coatings, which
   resulted in increased
  transfer efficiency and
     a 30% decrease in
    VOC emissions and
 paint wastes. Also, the
       company saved
       $28,000 in paint
   purchases and paint
         disposal costs.
 — North Carolina Division
    of Pollution Prevention
       and Environmental
             Assistance
 The Coatings Guide™
   is an online pollution
     prevention tool for
   paints and coatings.
    This guide contains
 several tools to identify
   low-VOC and/or low
      toxic air pollutant
   content coatings that
       may be suitable
         replacements.
             — U.S. EPA
            Reducing Air Pollution  from:
        Painting  and Coating Operations
Why should my painting and coating
operation reduce air pollution?
   People who are exposed to air toxics
at sufficient concentrations, for sufficient
durations, may increase their chances of
getting cancer or experiencing other
serious health effects, such as
reproductive problems, birth defects, and
aggravated asthma.
   Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source.
   Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
   You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts'
further minimizes  the impacts on human
health and the environment.

Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my painting and
coating operation?
•  Painting and coating operations can
   produce emissions of toxic air
   pollutants.
•  Lubricants, degreasers, and cleaners
   can release some toxic air pollutants
   and volatile organic compounds
   (VOC). Chemicals in these
   substances can react in the air to form
   ground-level ozone (smog), which
   has been linked to a number of
   respiratory effects.
•  While federal,  state, local, and Tribal
   regulations limit the amount of
   emissions from painting and coating
   operations, dangerous releases of
   toxic air pollutants can occur if a
   painting and coating operation is not
   in compliance with regulations.

How can I reduce air pollution from
my painting and coating operation?

Substitute Materials
•  Use cleaners with low toxic air
   pollutants and VOC such as water-
   based, alkaline, or microbial cleaners.
   These can reduce air pollutant
   emissions up to 90%.
•  Use paint types such as waterborne
   paints, powder coatings, ultraviolet
   (UV) light or electron beam-curable
   coatings, or higher-solids paints.

Change Processes
•  Minimize the need for cleaning
   solvents by using waterborne paints.
•  Use a coating method that does not
   require spraying such as
   electrodeposition, dip coating, roller
   coating, or flow coating.

Improve Spraying
•  Use more efficient paint application
   equipment to reduce overspray such
   as switching to a high-volume, low-
   pressure spray (HVLP), airless spray,
   air-assisted airless spray, or
   electrostatic  spray guns.
•  Train painters in proper spray
   application techniques.  Proper
   training, which includes information
   on gun position, motion, triggering,
   and overlap, can reduce air pollutant
   emissions and enhance  the quality of
   the paint finish.
•  Minimizing overspray results in less
   labor and product used  and fewer air
   pollutants generated.

-------
                       OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
                       	  Painting and Coating Operations	
                                                                                                           9/12/2005
Lower Emissions at the Source
•  Open containers only when adding or dispensing
   materials. This minimizes evaporative emissions and
   waste.
•  Use air-tight containers to store solvents, paints, and
   other coatings.
•  Use a spray booth to capture and control emissions.

Change Cleaning Procedures
•  Use enclosed or mechanical parts and gun washing
   systems to reduce evaporative emissions.
•  Monitor the amount of cleaning solvent used during
   cleanup to avoid excess usage.
•  Reuse cleaning solution or solvent. Use dirty solvent
   for initial cleaning, then follow with clean solvent.
•  Schedule color changes to minimize cleaning needed
   between colors. Paint products with light colors and
   then follow with increasingly darker colors.

Upgrade Your Operation's Equipment
•  Check with your state, local, or Tribal pollution
   prevention office for funding possibilities.

Are HVLP spray guns really better? Where can I
find out about training?
   HVLP guns are better than conventional atomized air
spray guns if technicians are trained properly. VOC
emissions released during a painting operation are
directly related to the skill of the spray gun operator.
   Properly used HVLP spray guns often result in a
higher transfer efficiency, which results in reduced
overspray.
   Reduced overspray minimizes costs and worker
exposure to toxic emissions.
   Information about training may be found at
•  Iowa Waste Reduction Center: wrvw.wrc.org/
   programs/STAR.cfm or call 1-800-422-3109.
•  State, local, or Tribal pollution prevention offices.
•  Spray equipment suppliers.
•  Trade associations for painting and coating
   operations.

What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
   Your community may already have groups
working for cleaner air. Your expertise and
knowledge can be very helpful to these groups.
   Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-
site assessments for interested businesses. A list of
these small business assistance programs can be found
at www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
   Refer your customers to Web sites for the Solvent
Alternatives Guide (www.sage.rti.org) and The
Coatings Guide™ (www.cage.rti.org) where they can
increase their understanding of alternative paints and
coatings. Stay involved with trade associations and
keep up to date with industry developments through
industry-related Web sites.
   Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example, you could provide a cash award for workers
who implement a work practice that reduces both
costs and pollution.
 EPA's Sector Strategies Program works within the painting and coating operations sector to assess
      opportunities for improving environmental performance while reducing regulatory burden.
                                                    —U.S.EPA

-------
 HEALTHY  AIR
  Could your family
         be affected?

      The cost of on-site
 distillation units depends
                on size.

     2-gallon still: $2,100
   3.5-gallon still: $3,000
     5-gallon still: $4,000
   7.5-gallon still: $4,700
    15-gallon still: $8,500

     These prices do not
   include vacuum assist
                  costs.
    — Iowa Waste Reduction
                  Center
  In a conventional spray
     painting process, as
 much as 70% or more of
    the paint may miss its
    target surface.  Using
 more efficient application
methods can substantially
     reduce that amount.
                  — Ohio
    Environmental Protection
                                        QWNe*/OF>ERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
                                                                                                        9/12^2005
                           Resources

•  National Paint and Coatings Association: www.paint.org, (202) 462-6272

•  Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

•  EPA's Sector Strategies Partnership Program for the Paint and Coating Sector:
   www.epa.gov/sectors/pciintcoatings/index.html, (202) 566-2958

•  Paints and Coatings Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org

•  Iowa Waste and Reduction Center STAR* Training:
   www.iwrc.org/programs/STAR.cfm, (800) 422-3109

•  Spray painting options:
   www.wmrc.nine.edu/main_sections/info_services/lihran'_Jocs/TN/98-048.pJf

•  Painting and coating operations: www.epa.state.oh.us/opp/paints/fact23.html

•  Good operating  practices: www.dep.state.ct.us/wst/p2/inJuxtry/optinJex.htm

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
•  Auto and Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating Operations:
   www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/auto/autopg.html

•  Large Appliance Surface Coating Operations:
   WWW. epa.gov/ttn/atw/lapp/lapplpg. html

•  Magnetic Tape Manufacturing: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/magtape/magtappg.html

•  Metal Can  Surface Coating Operations:  www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mcan/mcanpg.html

•  Metal Coil Surface Coating Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mcoil/mcoilpK.html

•  Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products Surface Coating Operations:
   www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/misc/miscpg.html

•  Paper and Other Web Surface  Coating Operations:
   www.epa.gov/ttn/at\v/powc/powcpg.html

•  Surface Coating of Plastic Parts and Products:
   www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/plastic/plasticpg.html

•  Wood Building Products Surface Coating Operations:
   www. epa.go v/ttn/atw/wbldg/wbldgpg. html

Alternatives
•  Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org

•  The Coatings Guide™: www.cage.rti.org

•  Biochemical solvents:
   www.carbhv.drateeconomv.org/library/admin/uploadedfiles/Biochemical_Solvi'nts_/'
   or Pollution Prevention.html

Toxieity of Solvents
•  Integrated  Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris

•  Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapinJex.html

-------
Paint and Coating
Operations

-------
HEALTHY AIR
ซ CWMMttf MM MfMWf IUWM MMt
  Could your family
         be affected?
   Finding alternatives to
  chemical paint strippers
         can result in an
       improved working
 environment, health, and
      safety for workers,
      reduced regulatory
     compliance burden,
 savings on materials and
       disposal cost, and
   marketing advantages
  as an "environmentally
       friendly" business.
    — Minnesota Technical
       Assistance Program
   95 percent of all paint
     stripper used by the
 consumer is for stripping
               furniture.
       — Source Reduction
                Research
              Partnership
                                                                                                       9/12/05
                                            COMMUNITY  INFORMATION SHEET
            Reducing Air  Pollution from:
  Paint and  Coating Stripping Operations
Why do paint and coating stripping
operations need to reduce air
pollution?
  People who are exposed to air toxics
at sufficient concentrations, for sufficient
durations, may increase their chances of
getting cancer or experiencing other
serious health effects, such as
reproductive problems, birth defects, and
aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that can
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
  Paint and coating stripping operations
strip paints and coatings from surfaces of
metal and wood furniture and parts.
Paint and coating removal may be
needed either as part of the
manufacturing process or to allow for
maintenance or repair operations.
  The best paint and coating removal
operations implement pollution
prevention strategies not only to help
comply with federal, state, local, and
Tribal laws, but also to go beyond
compliance and further minimize
impacts on human health, the
environment and costs. Check with your
state, local, and Tribal agencies for
existing regulations.

What kinds of air pollutants may
come from paint and coating stripping
operations?
•  Solvents in chemical paint strippers
   can release volatile organic
   compounds (VOC) and some toxic
   air pollutants. Chemicals in these
   substances can also react in the air to
   form ground-level ozone (smog),
   which has been linked to a number of
   respiratory effects.
•  Methylene chloride is found in many
   chemical paint strippers. While
   federal, state, local, and Tribal
   regulations limit the amount of
   emissions from paint and coating
   stripping operations, dangerous
   releases of methylene chloride can occur
   if a paint and coating stripping operation
   is not in compliance with regulations.
•  Lead, chromium and cadmium are metals
   that may be generated as particle
   pollution (dust) during abrasive paint
   removal or mechanical paint stripping.
   Breathing dust can cause respiratory
   problems and other harmful health
   effects.

How can paint and coating stripping
operations reduce air pollution?
   Making changes in operation work
practices can stop pollutants at the source and
increase production efficiency. By evaluating
and improving work practices, operations can
decrease emissions, reduce production costs,
and protect employee and public health.

Examples of changes in work practices that
help reduce air pollution include:

Evaluating Painting and Coating
Processes
•  Investigate how painting or coating
   processes can be improved, so surfaces
   will not need to be stripped and repainted.

Using Alternatives to Chemical Stripping
•  Consider using abrasives, with proper
   particle pollution controls, to remove
   paint.
•  Investigate thermal or cryogenic stripping
   techniques.
•  Use paint strippers that do not contain
   chemicals that produce toxic air
   pollutants.

Controlling Dust from Abrasive
Technologies
•  Protect worker health and safety by using
   respirators as needed.

-------
                            COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
                               Paint and Coating Stripping Operations
                                                                                                        9/12/05
As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from paint and coating stripping
operations?

Make Connections
•  Get to know local paint and coating stripping
   operation owners and operators. They know best
   about the materials and processes used in their
   business and the regulations with which they must
   comply.
•  Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
   updates. Publicity can reward success and attract
   more public involvement.

Make a Plan
•  One idea is to form a work group that includes both
   community leaders and paint and coating stripping
   operation owners and operators to develop and
   implement workable pollution reduction plans.

Locate Resources
•  Use the "For Further Information" list below to find
   governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
   provide help with analysis, technical information,
   equipment, and funding.
See Owner/Operator Information Sheet for more
reduction measures.

Sponsor Training and Translation
•  New skills or new technology that reduces
   hazardous material usage and generation and
   results in reduced exposure for workers.
•  Small operations may need funding in order to
   attend or provide training.

Reward Shops
•  Use media connections to provide coverage for
   successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
   increased business.
•  Present pollution prevention certificates to shops
   that reduce pollution.

Be an Informed Consumer
•  Patronize operations that implement pollution
   prevention strategies.
•  Find out how items will be stripped before
   refinishing.
                              For  Further Information
•  National Paint and Coatings Association: www.paint.org, (202) 462-6272

•  Community-Based Projects:  www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

•  Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive

•  Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities

•  EPA Sector Strategies Program for the Paint and Coating Sector: www.epa.gov/sectors/paintcoatings/index.html

•  EPA's Guide to Cleaner Technologies: Organic Coating Removal: www.p2pays.org/ref/02/01048.pdf

•  Paints and Coatings Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org

•  Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org

•  Training opportunities: Paint and coating stripping technology vendors

•  Source Reduction Research Partnership's Source Reduction and Recycling of Halogenated Solvents in Paint
   Stripping: www.p2pays. org/ref/01/00666.pdf

•  Toxicity of paints and solvents: Paint suppliers, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris), Air
   Toxics Health Effects Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)

•  For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.

-------
        crrn
 HEALTHY AIR
 > COMHIinr >•• IHIIIISi 1IMIIIIUIII
  Could your family
        be affected?

       One company in
  Minnesota reviewed its
       paint and coating
 operations to determine
why extra paint stripping
       was needed. By
 improving their painting
 and coating  processes,
    burn-off of racks and
  reject parts decreased
by 20 percent and saved
  over $17,000 annually.
    — Minnesota Technical
      Assistance Program
  The Paint and Coating
   Manufacturing Sector
    partners with EPA to
 assess opportunities for
improving environmental
     performance while
     reducing regulatory
               burden.
             — U.S. EPA
           Reducing Air Pollution  from:
  Paint and Coating Stripping Operations
Why should my paint stripping
operation prevent air pollution?
  People who are exposed to air toxics
at sufficient concentrations, for sufficient
durations, may increase their chances of
getting cancer or experiencing other
serious health effects, such as
reproductive problems, birth defects, and
aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention safeguards the  .
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source. For
example, using abrasive blasting with
proper particle pollution (dust) controls
instead of chemical strippers reduces
worker exposure but creates more waste.
  Pollution prevention practices may
also save money on waste disposal,
solvent usage, and the cost of air
pollution controls.
  You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. These
practices can go beyond compliance and
further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.

Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my paint and coating
stripping operation?
•  Solvents in chemical paint strippers
   can release volatile organic
   compounds (VOC) and some toxic
   air pollutants. Chemicals in these
   substances can also react in the air  to
   form ground-level ozone (smog),
   which has been linked to a number of
   respiratory effects.
•  Methylene chloride is found in many
   chemical paint strippers. While federal,
   state, local, and Tribal regulations limit
   the amount of emissions from paint and
   coating stripping operations, dangerous
   releases of methylene chloride can occur
   if a paint and coating stripping operation
   is not in compliance with regulations.
•  Lead, chromium and cadmium are
   metals that may be generated as particle
   pollution (dust) during abrasive paint
   removal or mechanical paint stripping.
   Breathing dust can cause respiratory
   problems and other harmful health
   effects.

How can I reduce air pollution from my
paint and coating stripping operation?

Evaluate Painting and Coating Processes
•  Assess your painting and coating
   processes to determine what is causing
   the need to strip and repaint. Improperly
   cleaned or dried parts, faulty equipment,
   or improper handling may damage a
   product and make it necessary to strip
   and repaint.

Use Chemical Strippers without
Methylene Chloride
•  Use strippers,  such as dibastic ether, that
   do not contain chemicals that produce
   toxic air pollutants.
•  Use aqueous "hot" strippers.
•  Use other solvent "cold" strippers.
•  While hot and cold stripping are less
   toxic than using methylene chloride, use
   caution when implementing them.
                                A facility that repaints 30- and 5 5-gallon drums for reuse switched from
                                 using a hot caustic paint remover to using a mechanical paint removal
                                system of metal and nylon brushes.  The net savings was $35,000 a year,
                                including $6,000 a year from not needing to purchase sodium hydroxide.
                                                                   — Solvent Alternatives Guide

-------
                     OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET
                    	Paint and[Coating Stripping Operations	
                                                   9/12/2005
Consider Mechanical Methods
•  Rub small areas of non-detailed surfaces with a brush
   made of wire, animal hair, plastic, or synthetic
   materials that have been impregnated with abrasive
   grit.
•  Protect worker health and safety by using respirators
   as needed.

Implement Abrasive Stripping Techniques
•  Tumbling is a stripping method in which parts are
   placed in a mixer and tumbled with stones or other
   abrasive material.
•  Plastic medium blasting is a paint and coating
   stripping method that uses nontoxic plastic media to
   remove paint and coatings from parts. Plastic
   blasting media can also be recycled and reused until
   the particles are too small to be effective.
•  Wheat starch can be used for blasting. Wheat starch
   blasting media are made from renewable agricultural
   products, which reduces nonrenewable resource
   consumption.
•  Sodium bicarbonate can be used for paint and
   coating stripping by mixing it with water and
   shooting the mixture at the part to be stripped. The
   water controls dust and cools the part being stripped.
•  Investigate other abrasive paint stripping methods,
   including carbon dioxide pellet cryogenic blasting,
   high-pressure water blasting, and medium-pressure
   water blasting.
•  Protect worker health and safety by using respirators
   as needed.

Use Heat or Cold to Remove Paint
•  Bum-off ovens use high temperatures to burn paint
   off a surface. Organic paint volatilizes into carbon
   dioxide and water. Inorganic pigments may need to
   be scraped off.
•  Immerse parts in a molten salt bath. This method also
   volatilizes organics in coatings into carbon dioxide
   and water. Inorganic pigments remain on the part and
   need to be scraped off.
•  Use fluidized sand beds. Heated sand or other
   granulated material vaporizes the organics in the
   coating and gently removes inorganic residue from
   the part.
•  Flash lamps and lasers are new technologies.
   Focused light from these two sources is used to heat
   the coating and decompose it.
•  Cryogenic paint stripping freezes the coating until it
   cracks and can be mechanically removed from the
   surface.
Control Dust when Using Abrasive Technologies
•  Plastic blasting and wheat starch blasting can generate
   paint chips that may contain metals such as cadmium
   and lead.
•  Plastic media blasting can create dust that is
   flammable. Ensure that the dust from plastic media
   blasting does not reach levels where combustion can
   occur.
•  Protect your  workers by using respirators as needed.

How do I choose which paint and coating stripping
technology to use?
   Choosing the appropriate paint and coating removal
technology to use requires a consideration of many factors
such as the location, size, and composition of the object to
be stripped.
   The size and location of the object may restrict the type
of technology that can be used. For example, racks used in
painting and coating operations may be too large to move
into a chamber for thermal stripping.
   The composition of the object to be stripped may limit
the kinds of the stripping technology that can be used as
well. For instance, some metals may be susceptible to
cracking when plastic medium blasting is used. Wheat
starch blasting may be preferable.

What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
  Your community may already have  groups working for
cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be very
helpful to these groups.
  Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
assessments for  interested businesses.  A list of these small
business assistance programs can be found at
www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site  provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
  Also, sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example, you could provide a cash award for workers who
implement cost-saving work practices.

-------
  HEALTHY AIR
  ACOHMlim AM IVSIIISS UAปllป •HEM

 Could your family
        be affected?
         An agricultural
implement manufacturer
  in Wisconsin switched
  from stripping rejected
   parts in a hot sodium
 hydroxide bath to using
  plastic media blasting.

       Comparison:
    A. Hot Bath Method
      Annual amount of
      hazardous waste
     generated: 19,000
               pounds

         Annual cost of
      hazardous waste
     disposal: $36,000
       B. Plastic Media
       Blasting Method
  Cost of plastic media:
                $8,000

  Capital cost for plastic
    media blasting unit:
                $8,000

         Annual cost of
      hazardous waste
 disposal plastic media:

          Net annual
  savings:  $32.000

    — Solvent Alternatives
                 Guide
                           Resources
•  National Paint and Coatings Association: www.paint.org, (202) 462-6272

•  Paints and Coatings Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org

•  EPA Sector Strategies Program for the Paint and Coating Sector: www.epa.gov/
   sectors/paintcoatings/index.html

•  Small Businesses: www.epa.gov/smallbusiness

•  Community-Based Projects:  www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

Pollution Prevention Techniques
•  U.S. EPA Guide to Cleaner Technologies: www.p2pays.org/ref/02/01048.pdf

•  Reducing waste and hazardous materials: www.mntap.umn.edu/paint/56-
   PaintStrip.htm

•  Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Research Center: www.pprc.org/pprc/rpd/
   fedfund/epa/epastd/evalbead. html

Stripping Alternatives
•   Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org

•   Safer stripping and cleaning materials: www.mntap.umn.edu/paint/55-
    SaferStripping. htm

Toxicity of Chemical Paint Strippers
•  Paint stripper suppliers and vendors

•  Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris

•  Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html
An aviation company installed a closed, plastic bead-blast paint stripper
     system to replace chemical stripping using methylene chloride.
    Installation costs were $18,000, and the payback period based on
reduced waste-disposal costs alone was estimated at 3.6 years.  Overall,
 the technology is relatively inexpensive and can easily be transferred to
                 other industries and small companies.

                                   — Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Research
                                    Center

-------
Paint and Coating
Stripping

-------
ul
HEALTHY AIR
     Could your family
           be affected?

     Just 20 old non-EPA-
     certified wood stoves
     can emit more than 1
   ton of fine particles into
   your community during
    the cold months of the
                   year.
               — U.S. EPA

   Through a collaborative
   effort, U.S. EPA Region
   5 and the Hearth, Patio,
           and Barbecue
             Association
   implemented the Great
     Stove and Fireplace
     Changeout Program.
     Working closely with
   the Great Lakes states
   resulted in the removal
   and destruction of over
    1,200 old woodstoves.
   Of these, 20 percent of
    the residents switched
    from wood heat to gas
       while the  other 60
      percent switched to
   more efficient  and less
    polluting EPA-certified
     woodstoves or pellet
                 stoves.
               — U.S. EPA
                                                                                                      9/12/05
              COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
             Reducing Air Pollution from:
               Residential  Wood Burning
Why do residents who burn wood need to
reduce air pollution?
   People who are exposed to air toxics at
sufficient concentrations, for sufficient
durations, may increase their chances of
getting cancer or experiencing other serious
health effects, such as reproductive
problems, birth defects, and aggravated
asthma.
   Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using materials,
processes, or practices that reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source.
   During the winter months, some people
rely on woodstoves, fireplaces, or fireplace
inserts as the primary heating device to heat
a house or a room. Others enjoy the warmth
and ambience of wood heat and only burn
wood occasionally.
   Wood is a renewable resource with some
benefits over non-renewable fossil fuels.
However, the smoke created from wood
burning can contribute significantly to air
pollution and public health problems.
   State, local, and Tribal agencies may
already have in place pollution prevention
programs related to residential wood
burning. Check with your state, local, and
Tribal agencies for existing regulations.

What kinds of air pollutants may come
from residential wood burning?
•  Smoke resulting from improperly burned
   wood contains many chemical
   substances that are considered harmful.
   These include: some toxic air pollutants,
   fine particle pollution, carbon monoxide,
  • nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic
   compounds (VOC).
•  Toxic air pollutants are an important
   component of wood smoke. A group of
   toxic air pollutants known as polycyclic
   organic matter includes benzo(a)pyrene,
   which may cause cancer.
•  Particle pollution in smoke can damage
   lung tissue and lead to serious
   respiratory problems when breathed in
   high concentrations. In low
   concentrations, particle pollution in
   wood smoke can harm the health of
   children, the elderly, and those with
   existing respiratory diseases.

How can residents reduce wood smoke air
pollution?
   Making changes in wood burning
practices can stop pollutants at the source and
increase heating efficiency. By improving
these practices, people burning wood can
decrease emissions, reduce heating costs, and
protect family and public health.

Examples of changes in wood burning
practices include:

Considering Cleaner Fireplace Fuels
•  Natural gas or propane stoves emit very
   little pollution.
•  Pellet stoves burn renewable dried wood
   and sawdust and bum cleaner than cord
   wood.

Heating More Efficiently
•  Replace an old woodstove, fireplace, or
   fireplace insert with new, more efficient,
   EPA-certified equipment. New
   woodstoves use less wood.
•  Wood pellets  in an appropriate pellet
   stove produce 25% to 50% less pollution.
•  Reduce heating needs by weatherizing.

Changing Burning Practices
•  Burn only hardwoods that are clean, dry,
   and seasoned  because they produce lower
   emissions of pollutants.
•  Never bum garbage, trash, plastics,
   paints, solvents, charcoal/coal, or treated
   woods.
•  Burn small, hot fires instead of large,
   smoldering fires.
•  Do not burn when the outdoor air quality
   is poor.

Installing, Inspecting, and Maintaining
•  Have your new heating appliances, such
   as an EPA-certified woodstove,
   professionally installed to ensure proper
   operation.
•  Have the chimney and the woodstove,
   insert, or fireplace inspected annually by a
   professional.
•  Clean chimneys on a  regular basis..

-------
                       COMMUNITY INFORMATION  SHEET
                                       Residential Wood Burning
                                                                                                       9/12/05
How have government agencies already helped to
reduce wood smoke air pollution?
   Some government agencies have already taken
measures to reduce air pollution from wood burning
appliances by:
•  Restricting wood burning when local air quality is
   poor.
•  Banning or restricting the installation of wood-burning
   appliances in new construction.
•  Issuing air pollution emission standards and
   establishing certification requirements for wood
   heaters.
•  Sponsoring woodstove changeout programs.
•  Conducting information and outreach efforts.

Participate in the Great American Woodstove
Changeout!
•   This campaign, sponsored by US EPA, the Hearth
    Industry and others, uses educational information and
    financial incentives to encourage residents to destroy
    or trade in their old, uncertified, and inefficient
    woodstoves.
•   Manufacturers, distributors, and retailers may offer
    cash rebates off the purchase price of a new cleaner
    burning hearth product. See
    www.epa.gov/woodstoves.

What else can you do to reduce air pollution from
residential wood burning?

Make Connections
•  Get to know local wood burning equipment retailers.
   They know best about the types of equipment available
   for residential wood burning and the regulations with
   which the equipment must comply.
•  Get to know members of your community who burn
   wood. They can share their concerns about residential
   wood burning as well as ideas about how to reduce air
   pollution from wood burning.
•  Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
   updates. Publicity can reward success and attract more
   public involvement.
•  Communicate the potential health, safety and financial
   benefits of burning cleaner.

Make a Plan
•  One idea is to form a work group that includes local
   citizens and wood burning equipment retailers to develop
   and implement workable pollution reduction plans.
   Understand and  communicate the health effects from
   exposure to wood smoke.

Locate Resources
•  Use the "For Further Information" list below to find
   governmental and nonprofit contacts who can provide
   help with analysis, technical information, equipment, and
   funding.

Inform Your Community
•  Hold public workshops to inform people on how to burn
   wood more efficiently. See Canada's Burn It Smart
   program for an effective model.
•  Use public workshops to educate residents about new
   woodstove and fireplace designs that are more efficient
   and less polluting than old models.

Reward Communities
•  Use media connections to encourage involvement and
   provide coverage for successful efforts.
•  Visibly display awards or certificates within the
   community to increase interest.
                                 For Further Information
   US EPA's Clean Burning Woodstove and Fireplace Web Site: www.epa.gov/woodstoves
   Great American Woodstove Changeout Campaign: http://www.epa.gov/woodstoves/changeout.html
   Hearth, Patio and Barbecue Association: www.hpba.org, (703) 522-0086
   Woodburning Handbook: www.arb.ca.gov/cap/handbooks/wood_burning/wood_burning_handbook.pdf
   Chimney Safety Institute of America: www.csia.org, (623) 547-0920
   Canada's Burn It Smart Program: www.burnitsmart.org/english/index.html
   Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
   Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
   American Lung Association: www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9OOE&b=23354, 800-LUNG-USA
   Great Stove and Fireplace Changeout Program: www.woodstovechangeout.org, (877) 81-STOVE [(877)-817-8683]

-------
HEALTHY  AIR
A COftHVIITV ป•• IVSIRI5S UUtIS CHItl
   Could your family
         be affected?

  The inhalable particle
      pollution from one
woodstove is equivalent
 to the particle pollution
 emitted from 3,000 gas
 furnaces producing the
  same amount of heat
               per unit.
 — California Air Resources
                  Board
                                           Reducing Air Pollution from:
                                             Residential Wood  Burning
Why should I reduce air pollution
when burning wood in my home?
   People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects and aggravated asthma.
   Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that can
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source. For example, switching from an
old woodstove to an EPA-certified stove
reduces the amount of smoke produced
when you burn wood.

Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from residential wood
burning?
•  Smoke resulting from improperly
   burned wood contains many chemical
   substances that are considered
   harmful. These include: some toxic
   air pollutants, fine particle pollution,
   carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides,
   and volatile organic compounds
   (VOC).
•  Toxic air pollutants are an important
   component of wood smoke. A group
   of toxic air pollutants known as
   polycyclic organic matter includes
   benzo(a)pyrene, which may cause
   cancer. Dangerous releases of toxic
                                In most areas of the country, wood burning from fireplaces and woodstoves is the larg-
                                 est source of particle pollution generated by residential sources. It can contribute as
                                                      much as 80% in the winter months.

                                                                    — Olympic Region Clean Air Agency
   air pollutants can occur if you burn
   wood in a fireplace, old woodstove,
   or old fireplace insert.
•  Particle pollution in smoke can
   damage lung tissue and lead to
   serious respiratory problems when
   breathed  in high concentrations. In
   low concentrations, particle pollution
   in wood smoke can harm the health
   of children, the elderly, and those
   with existing respiratory diseases.

How can I reduce air pollution from
my woodstove, fireplace, or fireplace
insert?
•  Replace your old dirty woodstove
   with a cleaner and more efficient
   heating alternative such as gas, oil,
   propane,  or electric heat. This will
   reduce your family's and neighbors'
   exposure to wood smoke pollution
   and will heat your home more
   efficiently.
•  Bum only clean, dry, and seasoned
   wood that has been split and dried for
   at least 6 months.
•  Bum hardwood rather than
   softwoods. Hardwoods are denser
   and burn  more slowly and evenly,
   which produces less smoke.
   Hardwoods also provide more heat
   energy.

-------
                             CONSUMER INFORMATION SHEET
                             	Residential VypgdlBurning	
                                                                                                        9/12/2005
Heat More Efficiently
•  Replace an old woodstove, fireplace insert, or
   fireplace with an EPA-certified woodstove or EPA-
   certified fireplace insert. Certified stoves use about
   one-third as much wood and circulate more heat into
   the home instead of out the flue. They emit 70% less
   pollution on average.  That means less pollution
   indoors and out.
•  Install a wood pellet stove, which uses compressed
   wood waste. It uses excess combustion air to make a
   fire bum hot and clean. These stoves are considered
   the most efficient stoves available with efficiency
   ratings exceeding 80%.
•  Stop using your fireplace or install an EPA-certified
   wood burning fireplace insert, which burns fuel more
   efficiently than a fireplace. Fireplaces typically lose
   more heat from your home than the provide.

Change Operating Practices
•  Never burn garbage, trash, plastics, rubber,
   petroleum products, paints, solvents, charcoal/coal,
   or treated woods. Burning these materials can be
   toxic and extremely harmful to your family and
   neighbors. These toxins can also foul the catalytic
   combustor and flue.
•  Bum small, hot fires instead of large smoldering
   fires.
•  Use small pieces of wood and do not overload the
   appliance.
•  Clean  ashes from the stove. Excess ashes can clog a
   stove's air intake vent, reducing its efficiency.
•  Watch the chimney for smoke. Properly burning fires
   should give off only a wisp of white steam. The
   darker and thicker the smoke, the more pollutants the
   fire emits, and the more fuel it wastes.
•  Do not burn wood when the outdoor air quality is
   poor.
Inspect and Maintain
•  Have a professional inspect and maintain your wood
   heater and chimney on an annual basis.  These
   inspections are essential to ensure safe and clean
   wood burning.
•  Have a professional clean your chimney regularly to
   remove creosote buildup. Clean chimneys reduce the
   chance of a chimney fire.

How can I get the  most out of my investment in wood
burning equipment?
•  Select a stove that is certified clean-burning and tested
   to EPA standards, i.e., those sold after 1992.
•  Make  sure it's properly installed, and inspected, and
   maintained.
•  Avoid smoldering fires. For example, do not lower the
   airflow to the stove at night.
•  Use only seasoned firewood, split to the right size for
   your stove or fireplace.
•  Reduce your need for fuel: make your home more
   energy-efficient by weatherizing it.

What else can I do to reduce air pollution from wood
smoke?
   Help your community start a public awareness
program to encourage cleaner wood burning practices,
including information on the proper operation and
maintenance of wood heaters; proper wood selection and
use; the health effects of wood  smoke; weatherization
methods for homes; and determining the proper size of
the heating equipment needed before purchase and
professional installation. See the "Resources" section on
the next page for more sources  of information.
    Burning garbage and other materials can be toxic and extremely harmful to the wood burning
         resident and neighbors.  These toxics can also foul the catalytic combustor and flue.

Significant levels of smoke pollutants leaking from fireplaces and stoves have been measured in some
    wood burning homes. If you can smell smoke, there is a problem.  This is an important issue,
         particularly if a family member suffers from respiratory problems or heart disease.

-------
HEALTHY AIR
Could your family
      be affected?

   EPA-certified stove
       emits 70% less
  pollution on average,
     than non-certified
 stoves.  They can use
 1/3 less wood as non-
   certified stoves and
  deposit less creosote
          in chimneys.
  That means there is
      less chance of a
  chimney fire, and will
save you energy, time,
          and money.

             —US EPA
                                                           Resources
•  US EPA's Clean Burning Woodstove and Fireplace Website:
   www.epa.gov/woodstoves

•  Hearth, Patio and Barbecue Association: www.hpba.org, (703) 522-0086

•  Local Woodstove and fireplace retailers—see yellow pages or www.hpba.org

•  Woodburning Handbook:
   www.arb.ca.gov/cap/handbooks/wood_burning/wood_burning_handbook.pdf

•  Chimney Safety Institute of America: www.csia.org, (623) 547-0920

•  Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals: www4.nau.edu/itep, (928) 523-
   9555

•  Olympic Region Clean Air Agency (ORCAA): www.orcaa.org/woodstove.html

•  Burn It Smart Campaign: www.burnitsmart.org/english/index.html

•  Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html

•  A Guide to Residential Wood Heating: www.fiprecan.ca/woodguide.pdf

•  An Introduction to Home Heating with Wood:
   www.canren.gc.ca/app/filerepository/07C50F2F71C04818B9D567DOA2706246.pdf

•  Air Pollution from Wood-Burning Appliances and Fireplaces:
   www.eere.energy.gov/consumerinfo/factsheets/ja3.html

•  Woodstoves and Fireplaces: www.ysaqmd.org/woodstv.htm

•  About the Air: 2001 Clean Air Excellence Award Recipients:
   www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-aqd-newlt-April02.pdf
                                 Placer County Air Pollution Control District in California has implemented a rebate
                               program to encourage residents to replace high polluting non-EPA certified stoves with
                                newer, cleaner-burning stoves such as an EPA Phase II certified woodstove, or a pellet
                                                             stove or gas stove.

                                                                   — Placer County Air Pollution Control District
                                 Just 20 old non-EPA-certified wood stoves can emit more than I ton of fine particles
                                             into your community during the cold months of the year.

                                                                    — U.S.EPA

-------
Residential Wood
Burning

-------
Ill
HEALTHY  AIR
   Could your family
         be affected?
   Ohio EPA's Office of
    Pollution Prevention
          has published
     "Woodworking and
   Refinishing Pollution
             Prevention
   Opportunities," which
   provides examples of
   how to calculate cost
           savings and
 environmental benefits.
Any company can insert
    their material usage
  numbers and calculate
   potential cost savings
     and environmental
               benefits.
     — Office of Pollution
              Prevention,
       Ohio Environmental
        Protection Agency
 EPA has developed an
         online pollution
      prevention tool for
    paints and coatings.
    Called The Coatings
     Guide™, this guide
   contains several tools
    to help users identify
 coatings with low VOC
      and hazardous air
    pollutant content that
     may be suitable for
    replacing more toxic
      paints or coatings.
             — U.S.  EPA
                                                                                                       9/12/05
             COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET

            Reducing Air Pollution  from:
             Wood Furniture Operations
Why do wood furniture operations
need to reduce air pollution?
   People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
   Pollution prevention can reduce the
impact of air pollution by using
materials, processes, or practices that
reduce or eliminate air pollution at the
source.
   Wood furniture operations
manufacture or finish furniture for
homes, offices, stores, public buildings,
and restaurants. Wood furniture
operations activities include drying,
sawing, waxing, sanding, and finishing,
all of which may release pollutants into
the air and may contribute to health
concerns in the operation and in  the
community.
   The best wood furniture operations
implement pollution prevention
strategies not only to help comply with
federal, state, local, and Tribal laws but
also to further minimize impacts on
human health and the environment.
Check with your state, local, and Tribal
agencies for existing regulations.

What kinds of air pollutants may
come from wood furniture
operations?
•  Wood furniture operations can
   produce emissions of toxic air
   pollutants.
•  Finishes, stains, and topcoats applied
   during the finishing process can
   release some toxic air pollutants and
   volatile organic compounds (VOC).
   Chemicals in these substances can
   react in the air to form ground-level
   ozone (smog), which has been linked
   to a number of respiratory effects.
•  Other sources of toxic emissions
   include adhesives used for gluing and
   solvents used during cleanup.
     Stripping processes during refinishing
     can also emit air pollution.
  •  While federal, state, local, and Tribal
     regulations limit the amount of
     emissions from wood furniture
     operations, dangerous releases of toxic
     air pollutants can occur if a wood
     furniture operation is not in compliance
     with regulations.

  How can wood furniture operations
  reduce air pollution?
     Making changes in operation work
  practices can stop pollutants at the source
  and increase production efficiency. By
  evaluating and improving work practices,
  operations can decrease emissions, reduce
  production costs, and protect employee and
  public health.

  Examples of changes in work practices that
  help reduce air pollution include:

  Substituting Materials
  •  Use alternative coating and adhesive
     formulations with lower toxic air
     pollutant and VOC content.
  •  Use cleaners with lower toxic air
     pollutant and VOC content.

  Increasing Application Efficiency
  •  Replace old equipment with new and
     efficient equipment, such as high-
     volume low-pressure (HVLP) spray,
     airless spray, air-assisted airless  spray,
     or electrostatic spray guns.
  •  Train painters in proper spray
     application techniques to reduce
     emissions and enhance the quality of
     the paint finish.
  •  Use a coating method that does not
     require spraying .

•  Changing Cleaning Procedures
  •  Use cleaning procedures that reduce the
     amount of solvent needed.
  •  Schedule production runs to minimize
     the amount of cleaning needed between
     colors or products.

-------
                            COMMUNITY INFORMATION SHEET
                                      Wood Furniture Operations
                                                                                                        9/12/05
Recycling Materials
•  Reuse cleaning solution or solvent by using dirty
   solvent for initial cleaning, following with clean
   solvent.
•  Use an on-site distillation unit to recycle dirty
   cleaning liquid.
•  Recover solvents for reuse.

As a community, what can you do to help reduce air
pollution from wood furniture operations?

Make Connections
•  Get to know local wood furniture operation owners
   and operators. They know best about the materials
   and processes used in their business and the
   regulations with which they must comply.
•  Keep local media aware of progress by sending them
   updates.  Publicity can reward success and attract
   more public involvement.
Make a Plan
•  Form a work group that includes area owners and
   operators to develop and implement workable
   pollution reduction plans.
Locate Resources
•  Use the "For Further Information" list below to
   find governmental and nonprofit contacts who can
   provide help with analysis, technical information,
   equipment, and funding.

Sponsor Training and Translation
•  Small operations may need funding in order to
   attend or provide training.
•  Improved skills lead to reduced finishing material
   usage and exposure for workers.

Reward Operations
•  Use media connections to provide coverage for
   successful efforts. Positive publicity can mean
   increased business.
•  Visibly displayed awards or certificates may also
   increase business.
                              For  Further Information
   American Home Furnishings Alliance: •www.qfina4u.org, (336) 884-5000
   EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/
   National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Wood Furniture Manufacturing Operations:
   www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/wood/riwood.html
   Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
   Community information, regional, state contacts: www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm
   Pollution prevention awards: State, local, and Tribal government agencies, universities
   Painting technique training opportunities: The American Home Furnishings Alliance, Iowa Waste Reduction Center:
   www.iwrc.org/programs/STAR.cfrn, (800) 422-3109
   Toxicity of paints and solvents: Local wood manufacturing trade associations, Integrated Risk Information Systems
   (IRIS) (www.epa.gov/iris~), Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks (www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hapindex.html)
   Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org
   The Coatings Guide™: www.cage.rti.org

   For more information, please see the Resources section of the Owner/Operator Information Sheet.
         Switching coating types reduces emissions ofVOC and toxic air pollutants by 25%.

                                                   — Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Resource Center

-------
HEALTHY AIR
A COHMflllTT Alt I BSIMISf UAItIS BQItt
  Could your family
         be affected?

           One furniture
 manufacturer installed a
7-gallon solvent recovery
      unit for $4,500. By
 running it 2 times a day,
 it recovered 5 gallons of
     reusable solvent for
       every 7 gallons of
   cleanup waste. Waste
     reduction was 1,900
   pounds per year, and
       cost savings were
          $3,200 a year.
  — University of Wisconsin
       Solid and Hazardous
          Waste Education
                  Center
                                            Reducing Air Pollution from:
                                             Wood Furniture Operations
Why should my wood furniture
operation reduce air pollution?
   People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants at sufficient concentrations,
for sufficient durations, may increase
their chances of getting cancer or
experiencing other serious health effects,
such as reproductive problems, birth
defects, and aggravated asthma.
   Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, customers,
and families by using materials,
processes, or practices that can reduce or
eliminate air pollution at the source. For
example, covering containers of cleaning
solvents prevents vapors from affecting
your employees.
   Pollution prevention practices also
save money on waste disposal, materials
usage, and the cost of air pollution
controls.
   You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local, or Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. However,
increasing pollution prevention efforts
can further minimize impacts on human
health and the environment.

Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my wood furniture
operation?
•  Wood furniture operations can
   produce emissions of toxic air
   pollutants.
•  Finishes, stains, and topcoats applied
   during the  finishing process can
   release some toxic air pollutants and
   volatile organic compounds (VOC).
   Chemicals in these substances can react
   in the air to form ground-level ozone
   (smog), which has been linked to a
   number of respiratory effects.
•  Other sources of toxic emissions
   include adhesives used for gluing and
   solvents used during cleanup. Stripping
   processes during refinishing can also
   emit air pollution.
•  While federal,  state, local, and Tribal
   regulations limit the amount of
   emissions from wood furniture
   operations, dangerous releases of toxic
   air pollutants can occur if a wood
   furniture operation is not in  compliance
   with regulations.

How can I reduce air pollution from my
wood furniture operation?

Substitute Materials
•  Use alternative adhesive systems or
   formulations such as hot melts, hot seal,
   aqueous-based, or polyvinyl acetate.
•  Switch to less toxic coating  types such
   as high-solids nitrocellulose, aqueous-
   based, ultraviolet (UV) cured, or
   polyester/polyurethane.
•  Use aqueous-based cleaners which have
   lower toxic air pollutant and VOC
   content.
•  Use alternative stripping materials that
   contain N-methyl pyrrolidone or
   gamma-butyrolactone. These are water-
   soluble, biodegradable solvents.
                                  Using fully enclosed spray gun washers reduces solvent evaporation by
                                                           approximately 50%.
                                                                       — Office of Pollution Prevention, Ohio
                                                                         Environmental Protection Agency

-------
                        OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION  SHEET
                       	     Wood Furniture Operations
                                                                                                             9/12/2005
•  Instead of solvents, use heat to adjust viscosity of the
   coating. This reduces the amount of solvent used.

Increase Application Efficiency
•  Use more efficient paint application equipment to
   reduce overspray such as switching to a high-
   volume, low-pressure spray (HVLP), airless spray,
   air-assisted airless spray, or electrostatic spray guns.
•  Train painters in proper spray application techniques.
   Proper training, which includes information on gun
   position, motion, triggering, and overlap, can reduce
   air pollutant emissions and enhance the quality of the
   paint finish.
•  Use a coating method that does not require spraying
   such as vacuum coating, dip coating, roll coating,
   flow coating, dry coating, and curtain coating.

Lower Emissions at the Source
•  Cover all containers securely to reduce the chance of
   spills when transferring materials.
•  Use funnels or pumps to avoid spills when
   dispensing materials.
•  Keep glue containers covered to reduce toxic vapors.
•  Minimize evaporative emissions by using enclosed
   or mechanical parts washing and gun washing
   systems.
•  Store rags and towels in a closed container.

Change Cleaning Procedures
•  Use mechanical cleaning such as scraping or wiping
   before using solvents.
•  Minimize solvent use by cleaning spray guns in a
   gun washer.
•  Use water-based detergents or acetone in place of
   more toxic cleaning solutions.
•  To reduce the frequency of cleaning equipment,
   arrange light-color to dark-color batch sequencing
•  Schedule production runs to minimize the number of
   color changes.

Recycle Materials
•  Reuse cleaning solution or solvent. Use dirty solvent
   for initial cleaning,  then follow with clean solvent.
•  Use an on-site distillation unit to clean dirty cleaning
   liquid. This makes the solvent available for reuse in
   the production process.  On-site distillation reduces
   both the cost of solvent disposal and fresh solvent
   purchase.
•  Recover solvents for reuse.
•  Collect and reuse any staining operations
   overspray.

Upgrade Your Operation's Equipment
•  Check with your state, local, or Tribal pollution
   prevention office for funding possibilities.

Are HVLP spray guns really better? Where can I
find out about training?
  HVLP guns are better if technicians are trained
properly. Toxic air pollutant emissions released during
a painting operation are directly related to the skill of
the spray gun operator.
   Properly used, HVLP spray guns often result in a
higher transfer efficiency, which results in reduced
overspray.
   Reduced overspray reduces costs and worker
exposure to toxic emissions.
   Information about training may be found at
•  Iowa Waste Reduction Center: www.iwrc.org/
   programs/STARxfin or call (800) 422-3109
•  Local or state pollution prevention offices .
•  Spray equipment suppliers

What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
   Your community may already have groups
working for cleaner air. Your expertise and
knowledge can be very helpful to these groups.
   Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-
site assessments for interested businesses. A list of
these small business assistance programs can be found
at www.epa.gov/smallbusiness. This site provides
information about assistance and technical help,
environmental experts, environmental regulations and
laws, funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
   Sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great
efforts, and dedication to pollution prevention. For
example, you could provide a cash award for workers
who implement a work practice that reduces both
costs and pollution.

-------
 HEALTHY AIR
 • column nil ilium iiuiii MIII
 Could your family
        be affected?

          One furniture
 manufacturer replaced
  all air spray guns with
HVLP guns and reduced
  the amount of coating
       needed to spray
       production parts
              by 39%.

 HVLP gun cost: $8,125.
      Payback period: 3
               weeks.
    Reason: Decreased
     coating purchases.
             — Pollution
                          Resources

•  American Home Furnishings Alliance: www.qftna4u.org, (336) 884-5000

•  EPA Air Toxics Web Site: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/

•  Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/cornmunity.html

•  National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Wood Furniture Manu-
   facturing Operations: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/wood/riwoodhtml

•  Wood Furniture and Fixtures Industry Sector Notebook:
   www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/publications/assistance/sectors/notebooks/wdfu
   rnsn.pdf

•  Paint and Coatings Resource Center: www.paintcenter.org

•  University of Wisconsin Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center:
   www. irwex.edu/ces/ag/sus/wood/pdfmdex/

•  Pollution Prevention: www.pprc.org/pubs/factsheets/laund7.html

Alternatives
•  Solvent Alternatives Guide: www.sage.rti.org

•  The Coatings Guide™: www.cage.rti.org

Toxicity of Solvents
•  Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
•  Air Toxics Health Effects Notebooks: www.epa.gov/ttn/hapindex.html
                                Ohio EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention has published "Woodworking
                                  and Refmishing Pollution Prevention Opportunities," which provides
                                  examples of how to calculate cost savings and environmental benefits.
                                  Any company can insert their material usage numbers and calculate
                                           potential cost savings and environmental benefits.

                                                                   — Office of Pollution Prevention, Ohio
                                                                     Environmental Protection Agency

-------
Wood I in mime
Operations

-------
                                                                              9/12/05

                                    Glossary

Some terms within the Information Sheets may be unfamiliar to you and may be terms you
encounter when you talk with owners and operators about pollution prevention. The General
Terms define words and phrases typically used in the pollution prevention world as whole. The
Topic-Specific terms are words or phrases that may be associated with particular business
sectors.  These sectors are listed in parentheses after the definition.

                                  General Terms

Air Emissions - The release or discharge of a pollutant into the air.1

Carcinogen - An agent capable of inducing cancer.2

Fine Particulate Matter- Particulate matter less 2.5 microns across or less.

Fugitive Emissions - Emission of a chemical to the air that does not occur from a stck, vent,
duct, pipe, or other confined air stream (e.g., leaks from joints).3

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) - Any gas that absorbs  infrared radiation  in the atmosphere.
Greenhouse gases include, but are not limited to, water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO,), methane
(CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ozone (O3), hydrofluorocarbons
(MFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfu hexafluoride (SF6).4

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) - Defined under the Clean Air  Act as pollutants that cause or
may cause cancer or other serious health effects, such as reproductive effects or birth defects, or
adverse environmental and ecological effects.  Currently, the Clean Air Act regulates 188
chemicals and chemical categories as HAP.5

Heavy metals - Metals such as chromium, cadmium, mercury, and lead.
        Risk Glossary from Ken Milchell.
       'Ibid.
        Ibid.
       4!bid.
       5lbid.
October 13.2005

-------
                                                                                9/12/05

Ozone Depleting Substances (ODSs) - Substances that cause the deterioration of the earth's
protective ozone layer.

Particle Pollution - Fine liquid or solids such as dust, smoke, fumes, or smog found in air or
emissions.6

Pollution Prevention (P2) - Pollution prevention is the use of materials, processes, or practices
that reduce or stop the creation of pollutants or waste at the source. It includes improved
operating practices like material substitution, process and equipment  modifications, and energy
and wastewater conservation. Pollution prevention is stopping pollution before it starts.

Solvent - A solvent is a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance to make a new
solution. Solvents are used to dissolve paint solids to make paint and as cleaning solutions
because they dissolve grease and oils.

Source - Any place or object from which pollutants are released.7

Substrate - The material on which another material is coated or fabricated (substratum).8

Toxiciry - The degree to which a substance or mixture of substances can harm humans or
animals.9

Volatile Organic Compounds  (VOC) - Organic compounds (such  as a solvent, thinner, or an
alcohol-based material) that evaporates easily into the air and is the leading cause of ground-level
ozone (air pollution, also known as smog.") Volatile Organic Compounds  include toluene,
benzene, and xylene, which are  also HAPs.

Work practices - an action performed by workers to prevent or reduce emissions of air toxics.
Such actions can include vacuuming up dust, opening containers only when necessary, and
keeping employees updated on housekeeping measures.10

                            Topic-Specific  Definitions
        EPA Terms ol" Environment.
        Glossary by Ken Mitchell.
        American Heritage Dictionary

       g
        EPA Terms of Environment.
         Drawn from knowledge & context of fact sheets.
October 13,2005

-------
                                                                               9/12/05

Aneroid blood pressure cuffs - non-liquid blood pressure cuffs. (Hospitals)

Bath - a tank of chemicals in which a metal part is dipped to apply a metal coating.
(Electroplating Operations)

Bath dumps - Chemicals that have degraded or become contaminated over time and no longer
serve their function. (Electroplating Operations)

Carbon adsorbers - Control devices that remove vapors from an air stream by adsorbing the
vapor onto an activated carbon surface.  (Dry Cleaning Operations)

Creosote - An oily residue that forms from unburned wood gases. (Residential Wood Burning)

Densified logs - Logs that are made of compressed sawdust. (Residential Wood Burning)

Diisocyanates - Chemicals  in auto body part painting operations, especially for clear coat
applications, which are a leading cause of occupational asthma. (Auto Body Shops, Metal
Operations)

Dry, seasoned wood - Wood that has been split and dried for at least six months and has <20%
moisture by  weight. (Residential Wood Burning)

Fountain solution - A plating solution that keeps the ink from adhering where it should not on
the plate. (Printing Operations)

Gun wash system - A cleaning system used to clean spray guns after being used to spray auto
body parts. (Auto Body Shops, Paint and Coating Operations, Metal Operations, Wood Furniture
Operations,  Shipbuilding and Repair and Repair Operations)"

High  solids paints and coatings - Paints and coatings with more solids and less solvents than
conventional coatings. (Auto Body Shops, Paint and  Coatings Manufacturing,  Paint and Coating
Operations,  Wood Furniture  Operations)

High-Volume Low-Prcssure (HVLP) spray guns - A spray gun that uses columns of low
pressure air  to cause turbulence within the paint as the first stage of atomization. The air used for
the final step of atomization  originates from high-volume turbine blowers and  is transferred to
the gun using large-diameter air lines.12 (Auto Body Shops, Paint and Coating  Manufacturing,
        Derived from context in auto body Tact sheet.

       12
        University of Northern Iowa, Small Business Pollution Prevention Center. Autobody Surface Coating: A Practical Guide to
Reducing Air Emissions. P. 10.


October 13. 2005                                 3

-------
                                                                              9/12/05

Paint and Coating Operations, Metal Operations, Wood Furniture Operations, Ship Building and
Repair Operations, Commercial Construction)

Incomplete Combustion - Fuel from the firewood that does not burn. (Residential Wood
Burning)

Low emission vapor degreasers (LEVD) - Completely enclosed, airtight units used to clean off
machining oil and other contaminants from metal parts. (Metal Operations)

Metalizing - A process in which pure metal (not paint) is sprayed onto a ship's surface.
(Shipbuilding and Repair Operations)

Off-Specification - Paint or coating material that does not meet quality or customer
specifications. (Paint and Coating Manufacturing)

Overspray - The amount of spray that misses its target (Auto Body Shops, Paint and Coating
Operations, Metal Operations, Wood Furniture Operations)

Pigment - Provides color to the paint or coating. (Paint and Coating Manufacturing)

Plating - The process where the surface of the metal is modified by adding several layers of
metal coating by using a series of baths and then allowing the part to dry. (Electroplating
Operations)

Pyrometallurgical treatment - High temperature processing used  in metal casting. (Metal
Operations)

Refrigerated condensers - Control devices that recover solvent vapor emissions by cooling  the
air stream to the point it condenses to  liquid form. (Dry Cleaning Operations)

Sharps - Items such as needles or broken glass that may puncture the skin. (Hospitals)

Solvent-based inks - Set by evaporation of the ink oil at elevated temperatures. (Printing
Operations)

Spill container - Catches and contains spilled solvent from the dry cleaning machine. (Dry
Cleaning Operations)

Transfer efficiency - The percentage of material atomized through the spray gun that actually
ends up as a coating on the desired surface. (Auto Body Shops, Paint Operations, Metal
October 13. 2005

-------
                                                                                     9/12/05

Operations. Wood Furniture Operations, Shipbuilding and Repair Operations)'J

UV-Cured Inks - Inks that are set by using radiant energy. (Printing Operations)

UV Light Cured Coatings - These coatings use UV light to set the coating instead of solvents.
(Paint and Coating Operations, Wood Furniture Operations, Metal Operations)
        JUniversity of Northern Iowa. Small Business Pollution Prevention Center. Autobody Surface Coating: A Practical Guide to
Reducing Air Emissions. P. 7.


October 13. 2005

-------
Glossary

-------
                       Additional  Information

To further assist you as you work with small business owners and operators, we have supplied
additional information. These include resources for small businesses, information about state
local pollution prevention offices, pollution prevention programs within the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, and independent pollution prevention offices.

                     Small Business Assistance Program

As a result of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (the Act), all States must develop a
program to assist small businesses in meeting the requirements of the Act.  Since then, these
programs have expanded to provide assistance in other environmental areas, including water and
waste issues.  See Table 1 in the Contacts section for a listing of small business programs by
state. You can also find a listing at www.smallbiz-enviroweb.org/sba/sbap.html.

Likewise, EPA has established its own Small Business Assistance Program (SBAP) to provide
technical assistance to these State small business programs.  Information about the SBAP can be
found at www.epa.gov/ttn/sbap. This site contains information small businesses need to know
related to general compliance issues from the Act (i.e., environmental audit protocols, small
business compliance policies,  EPA audit policy) as well as information pertaining to specific
types of businesses.  Examples include a compliance guide for the auto body repair industry,
architectural coatings guide, and guides on wood finishing and furniture rules and regulations.
This information is available directly from the internet or in  downloadable form.

                            Small Business Gateway

The  EPA maintains a small business gateway website (www.epa.gov/smallbusiness) that has a
list of several types of resources. These resources are briefly described below.
       General Small Business and  Environmental Information - Offers links both within
       the EPA and other Federal government agencies where information related to how small
       businesses and can comply with air quality regulations is available.

       Environmental Assistance and Technical Help - Contains a listing of websites and
       downloadable material available through the EPA.

       Contacts and Environmental Experts - Lists contacts within the EPA as well as State
       and local environmental agencies or departments, and local Small Business
       Administration sources.  It also provides links to industrial sector representatives who
       specialize in  compliance and pollution prevention techniques for their industry.
Printed on Oclober 18.2005.

-------
       Environmental Regulations and Laws - Serves as a collection point linking to the
       Federal Register, the Code of Federal Regulations, the United States Code, and other
       types of environmental regulations and laws that might impact small businesses.

       The Bottom Line: Saving and Finding Money - Presents information and links related
       to Federal assistance, business financing, doing business with the EPA, and financial
       models.

       Frequently Answered Questions - Lists questions and answers that small business
       owners and operators may have about air quality requirements and business assistance.

                State and Local Pollution Prevention Offices

State and local pollution prevention offices also offer further information regarding pollution
prevention methods and training for small businesses interested in pollution prevention. Tables 2
and 3 in the Contacts section list state and local pollution prevention programs. This listing may
also be found on the internet at www.epa.gov/epahome/whereyoulive.htm.

                                  EPA Programs

The EPA has implemented several pollution prevention programs aimed at preventing pollution
across the board. These include the Design for the Environment, Enviro$en$e, pollution
prevention, and compliance assistance centers.  These programs will be discussed in more detail
in the following sections.  Links to these programs and other pollution prevention programs may
be found at www.epa.gov/epahome/p2pgram.htm.

                          EPA Pollution Prevention Offices

Within its ten Regions, the EPA has established pollution prevention offices. Personnel within
these offices offer technical assistance and information specifically tailored to their Region.
Moreover, they can provide contacts for further pollution prevention information. Table 4 in the
Contacts section lists the EPA Regional Pollution Prevention contacts.

                         EPA's Design for the Environment

The Design for the Environment (DfE) program is one of EPA's premier partnership programs.
The purpose of the DfE is to work with individual industry sectors  to compare and improve the
performance, and reduce the human health and environmental risks, and costs of existing and
alternative products, processes, and practices.  These partnership projects promote integrating
cleaner, cheaper, and smarter solutions into everyday business practices.  The following briefly
describe each partnership project. Also, more information is available at www.epa.gov/oppt/dfe.
Primed on October 18. 2005.

-------
      Automotive Refinishing - Works with the automotive repair industry and individual
      shops both to raise awareness of the health and environmental concerns related to
      refmishing activities and to encourage the use of safer, cleaner, and more efficient
      practices and technologies. For pollution prevention information related to air toxics
      from auto body shops, please see the auto body information sheets.

      Adhesives - Formed an Adhesives Technologies Partnership that works with members of
      the adhesives industry, Federal, state, and local governments, and public interest groups
      to develop alternative solvents and processes for adhesive technologies.  Currently, the
      Partnership is focusing on creating safer substitutes for methylene chloride-based
      fabricated foam adhesives used in the fabricated foam furniture and sleep products
      industry.

      Computer Display - This partnership is investigating the life-cycle states, processes,
      and/or materials that contribute to environmental impacts from the products.  The
      information collected will be used to identify opportunities for product improvement and
      will reduce potentially adverse environmental impacts and costs.

      Garment and Textile Care - This partnership is committed to promoting
      environmentally benign technologies for garment and textile care through a systems
      approach to the development, manufacture, distribution,  and care of garments and textile
      products. For pollution prevention information related to air toxics from dry  cleaners,
      please see  the Dry Cleaning Operations information sheets.

      Flexographic Printing - This partnership provides technical information and pollution
      prevention tips to printers doing flexographic printing  to help them perform as efficiently
      and environmentally responsible as possible.  For pollution prevention information
      related to air toxics from the printing industry, please see the Printing Operations
      information sheets.

      Formulator - DfE created the Formulator Initiative to encourage and assist formulators
      in designing products with more positive environmental  and health profiles than
      conventional products.  Through this initiative, the DfE can supply formulators with
      information on chemical characteristics and toxicities of raw materials or additives as
      well as recognize DfE Formulator Initiative partners.

      Gravure Printing- This partnership's goals are to (1) Identify common environmental
      issues for small- and medium-sized printers in the packaging and product sectors; and
      (2) encourage printers and product sectors to address these issues by reducing risk and
      preventing pollution. For information related to pollution prevention, please  see the
      Printing Operations information sheets.
Primed on October 18.2005.

-------
      Industrial and Institutional Laundry - This partnership was formed to develop
      products with improved environmental and human health characteristics. This
      partnership works to remove polluting chemicals from formulations, increase
      environmental and health benefits through using reformulated products, and advance
      energy and water efficiency, resource conservation, and innovative technologies.

      Integrated Environmental Management Systems - An Environmental Management
      System is a set of management tools and principles that allows companies to
      systematically manage environmental health and safety matters.  This partnership takes
      the ISO 14001 framework several steps further by incorporating redesign, chemical risk
      management, use of cleaner technologies, and pollution prevention.

      Lead-Free Solder Partnership - This is a voluntary partnership with members of the
      electronics industry and other interested parties. They are evaluating the environmental
      impacts of tin-lead, tin-copper, tin-silver-copper, and tin-silver-copper, bismuth solders
      by using a life-cycle assessment approach.

      Lithographic Printing-This partnership's goals  are to incorporate environmental
      considerations into business decisions and to switch to blanket washes that contain fewer
      VOC, lower  vapor pressure and fewer hazardous chemicals, where appropriate. For
      pollution prevention information related  to the lithographic printing industry, please see
      the Printing Operations  information sheets.

      Printed Wiring Board (PWB) - This partnership was formed to foster open and active
      participation in addressing environmental challenges faced by the PWB industry.
      Moreover, it has identified, evaluated, and disseminated information on viable pollution
      prevention opportunities within the industry.

      Screen Printing - This partnership is focusing on  two projects.  First, they are
      developing an industry-wide IEMS to identify and  reduce chemical risk.  Second, they are
      developing a Cleaner Technologies Substitutes Assessment (CTSA) and have completed
      a comparison of the environmental and human health risks.  For more information on
      pollution prevention in the screen printing sector, please see the  Printing Operations
      information sheets.
Primed on Ocioher 18.2005.

-------
                                     Enviro$en$e
Enviro$en$e is a free, public environmental information system found on the internet. This
website provides users with pollution prevention/cleaner production solutions, compliance and
enforcement assistance information, and innovative technology and policy options.  In particular,
it includes information on solvent substitution materials. The following briefly describe the
information found in Enviro$en$e.


       Integrated Solvent Substitution Database (ISSDS) - The ISSDS provides access to
       information from multiple data systems related to solvent alternatives.

•      Solvent Alternatives Guide (SAGE) - Evaluates the user's current operating scenario
       and then identifies possible surface cleaning alternative solvent chemistries and processes
       that best suits the defined operating and materials requirements.
•      Hazardous Solvent Substitution Data System (HSSDS) - The HSSDS is a
       comprehensive system of information on the alternatives to hazardous solvents as well as
       related substances.  It lists product information, material safety data sheets, and other
       related information.

       Joint Service Pollution Prevention Technieal Library - The Joint Service Pollution
       Prevention Technical Library is maintained by the Naval Facilities Engineering Service
       Center and is available by direct access or by search facilities to foster technology transfer
       with other organizations.

       Department of Defense Ozone Depleting Chemical/Substance Information - Offers
       information and databases related to ozone-depleting chemicals and substances used by
       the Department of Defense.

       Solvent Handbook Database System (SHDS) - Provides access to environmental and
       safety information related  to solvents used in maintenance facilities and paint strippers.

       Solvents Database (SOLV-DB) - Provides an easily accessed gateway to a wide variety
       of data on solvents.

       Materials Compatibility Database (MATCOMPAT) - Gives laboratory test data to
       assist in the implementation of ODC-free alternative solvents that are compatible with
       materials used in electronic assemblies.

       Related Documents -  Other related documents are also linked on this website. See the
       Enviro$en$e website, www.es.epa.gov for more information.

Primed on October IS. 2005.                         5

-------
                           Compliance Assistance Centers
EPA partners with industry representatives and others on sector-specific Compliance Assistance
Centers.  These centers support various industries providing tools such as checklists, plain
language guides, and technical information to help small businesses understand their regulatory
requirements.  The following is a list of sectors and their websites:


•       Agriculture:  www.epa.gov/agriculture/
•       Auto Recyclers: www.ecarcenter.org
       Chemicals: www.chemalliance.org
       Construction: www.ciccenter.org
       Federal Facilities: www.epa.gov/fedsite
       Local Government: www.lgean.org/
       Metal Finishing: www.nmfrc.org/
       Paints and Coatings: www.paintcenter.org/
       Printed Wiring Boards: www.pwbrc.org/
•       Transportation: www.transource.org


National Agriculture Compliance Assistance Center.  This center serves as a "first stop" for
information related to environmental requirements that impact the agriculture community. It
offers comprehensive, easy-to-understand information about compliance which are
commonsense, flexible approaches that are both environmentally protective and agriculturally
sound. It includes information on pollution reduction and prevention technologies.


Environmental Compliance for Automotive Recyclers (ECAR).  Funded by the EPA, ECAR
serves as a central clearinghouse to answer questions regarding preparing for environmental
inspections, complying with regulations, and saving money by incorporating  necessary changes.


Coordinating Committee for Automotive Repair (CCAR).  The CCAR is  a compliance
assistance center that aids those involved in the automotive repair industry to better understand
their environmental  responsibilities.


ChernAlIiance.  This organization provides regulatory information for the chemical process
industries.  It also lists over 350 pollution prevention case studies and 200 good management
practices that are linked to specific process operations and site locations where they can be
applied.
Printed on October 18. 2005.

-------
Construction Industry Compliance Assistance Center. Funded by the EPA, this site offers a
plain language explanation of environmental rules for the construction industry. It also provides
links to detailed information, including State regulations and other resources.


FedSite.  This site serves as a virtual compliance assistance center containing environmental
regulations, pollution prevention, and policies affecting Federal agencies. It offers a virtual tour
of a Federal facility and provides links to other Federal agencies as well as State environmental
programs.

Local Government Environmental Assistance Network (LGEAN). LGEAN offers a "first
stop shop" for a local government's elected and appointed officials related to environmental
management, planning, funding, and regulatory information.


National Metal Finishing Resources Center (NMFRC).  This organization provides a
clearinghouse for all types of metal finishing compliance and pollution prevention information.
It features experts who can answer various questions metal finishers may have about compliance
and pollution prevention.

Paints and Coatings Resource Center (PCRC). This centers's main goal is to deliver
regulatory and pollution prevention information either directly to businesses or indirectly through
state and local agencies and consultants.  Also, PCRC has pertinent information related to paints
and coatings in the home.

Printed Wiring Board Resource Center (PWBRC). The PWBRC provides easy-to-use, in-
depth technical information on pollution prevention and regulatory compliance for the printed
wiring board industry.

Printers' National Environmental Assistance Center (PNEAC). The PNEAC is a partnership
between industry, government, and university technical assistance providers serving the printing
industry. It assists regulatory agencies and technical assistance providers by delivering current,
reliable environmental compliance and pollution prevention information to printers,  publishers,
and packagers.

Transportation Environmental Resource Center (TransSource). This organization identifies
up-to-date information on environmental compliance requirements and to make that information
available to transportation professionals and the public.


                                 Pollution Prevention
Primed on October 18. 2005.

-------
EPA maintains a pollution prevention website that serves as a clearinghouse for information
related to pollution prevention. EPA sees pollution prevention as

       a vehicle for 'reinventing' traditional Agency programs and devising innovative
       alternative strategies to protect public health and the environment. It is a key
       element of new EPA initiatives to focus attention on reducing risks from
       persistent, bioaccumulative toxic pollutants in the air, in water, and on land; to
       promote environmental justice and urban environmental quality; to empower state
       and tribal programs; to lower the incidence of climate change; and to demonstrate
       the results and benefits of our labors.'

In essence, pollution prevention plays a primary role in environmental performance and
sustainability within the private sector. The pollution prevention homepage provides the
following links:


       E.IP2 (Environmental Justice Pollution Prevention) - EPA has provided funding to help
       minority and low-income  communities address environmental concerns through  pollution
       prevention.  This website  provides information related to these projects.

       EPP (Environmentally Preferable Purchasing) - The EPP program is a program for
       Federal agencies that encourages them to purchase environmentally preferable products
       and services. These products or services should have a reduced effect on human health
       and the environment when compared to competing products and services that serve the
       same purpose.

       PBT (Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic) Program - EPA is working on a new
       approach to reduce exposure to and risk from PBT chemicals. They are accomplishing
       this through increase coordination among EPA national and Regional programs by
       creating an enduring cross-office system that will address cross-media issues associated
       with priority PBT pollutants. This link provides more information related to EPA's PBT
       Chemical Program.

•      Green Chemistry- Green chemistry promotes the design of chemical products and
       processes that reduce or eliminate the generation of hazardous materials. This web page
       provides links to EPA's Green Chemistry Program.
       'U.S. EPA, wwvv.epa.gov/opptintr/p2home.
 Printed on October 18. 2005.

-------
      Green Meetings - This web page provides information and links to show meeting
      planners how-to effectively plan a meeting and minimize the negative impact that
      meetings can have on the environment.

      Environmental Labeling -  Environmental Labeling, also known as environmentally
      preferable purchasing (EPP) covers a broad range of activities ranging from business-to-
      business transfers of product-specific environmental information to environmental
      labeling in the marketplace. This web page contains links to EPP  guidance, Federal
      efforts,  tools, documents, and other links.

      Design  for the Environment - See the above section related to Design for the
      Environment.

      Environmental Accounting - This web page links to the Environmental Management and
      Accounting (EMA)  international website.
                     Other Pollution Prevention Programs
Several organizations outside EPA have developed websites that serve as a clearinghouse for
information related to pollution prevention.  Many of these organizations are regionally based,
but they contain information that may apply to your area.  Below is a listing of these sites.
Table 5 in the Contact system lists those organizations with specific contacts.

      Northeast States Pollution Prevention Roundtable/P2 Information Center:
      wwvv.newmoa.org
      Waste Reduction Resource Center/P2 Information Center: www.wrrc.p2pays.org
      Great Lakes Regional Pollution Prevention Roundtable/P2 Information Center:
      www.glrppr.org
      Southwest Pollution Prevention Information Center/P2 Information Center:
      www.p2.utep.edu
      Region 7 Pollution Prevention Regional Information Center/P2 Information Center:
      www. p2ric.org
      Peaks to Prairies Center/P2 Information Center: www.peakstopraires.org
      Western Regional Pollution Prevention Network/P2 Information Center: www.wrppn.org
      Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention Resource Center: www.pprc.org
      P2 Gems: www.p2gems.org
•     P2Rx: www.p2rx.org
Printed on October 18. 2005.

-------
Additional
InCoi million

-------

State
AL
AL
AK
AZ
AR
AR
AR
CA
CO
Table 1. List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Management
Alabama Small Business
Development Center
Alaska Small Business
Development Center
Arizona Small Business
Development Center
Business Assistance Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Arkansas Small Business
Development Center
Business Assistance Programs,
Arkansas Department of
Environmental Quality
Business Assistance Program,
California Air Resources Board
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of Public
Health and Environment
Contact
(E-mail)
(mhs@adem.state.al.us)
(sandef ur@ uab.edu)
(anjaf@uaa.alaska.edu)
None provided
James Gilson
(jgilson@adec.state.ar.us)
(jmroderick@ualr.edu)
(Help-CustSvs@adeq.state.af.us)
(ombudsman@arb.ca.gov)
Nick Melliadis
(nick.melliadis@state.co.us)
Phone
Number1
(800) 533-2336
(205) 943-6750
(800) 478-7232
(480)731-8720
(501) 682-0923
(501) 324-9043
(501)682-0866
OR
(888)233-0326
(800) 363-7664
(303)692-3172
OR
(800) 866-7689
(In-state only)
Agency Web Site
www.adem.staLal.us
www.asbdc.org
www.aksbdc.org
www.disLmaricopa.edu/sbdc
www.adeq.state.ar.us/custsvs/busine
ssassLhtm
www.ualr.edu/~sbdcdept
www.adeq.state.ar.us/custsvs/busine
ssassLhtm
www.arb.ca.gov/ba/ba.htm
www.cdphe.state.co.us/ap/sbap.asp
Services Provided
Technical assistance
Financial assistance
Confidential business counseling,
business training, resource library
One-on-one counseling and
customized training
Technical and compliance
assistance, recognition programs
Business consulting, training,
research
Technical assistance, expert
resources
Technical assistance
Technical assistance,
Ombudsman
October 13,2005

-------

State
CT
CT
DE
DE
FL
FL
GA
GA
ffl
Table 1 . List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Protection
Connecticut Small Business
Development Center
Business and Community
Services, Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental
Control
Delaware Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Protection
Florida Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program
Georgia Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance,
Department of Health
Contact*
(E-mail)
Tracy Babbidge
(tracy.babbidge@po.state.ctus)
None listed
None provided
None provided
None provided
(fsbdc@uwf.edu)
(adword@mail.dnr.state.ga.us)
(blogan@sbdc.uga.edu
Marilyn Aguilar
(maguilar@eha.health.state.hi.us)
Phone
Number*
(860) 424-3382
(860) 486-4135
OR
(860)386-1581
(302) 739-6400
(302)571-1555
None provided
(850)595-6060
(877) 427-6255
(706) 542-6762
(808) 586-4528
Agency Web Site
www.dep.state.cLus/air2/smallbus.ht
m
www.sbdc.uconn.edu
www.dnrec.state.de.us/dnrec2000/A
dmin/BusServ/BOSOff.htm
www.delawaresbdc.org
www.dep.state.fl.us
www.floridasbdc.com
www.gasmallbiz.org
www.sbdc.uga.edu
www.hawaii.gov/health/eh/cao/inde
x.html
Services Provided
Technical information and
assistance and small-business
advocacy
Business development
On-site assessments, permitting
assistance, and guides and
manuals
Financial assistance
Technical assistance,
publications, training
Financial assistance
Technical assistance
Business and technical assistance
Technical information and
assistance
October 13,2005

-------

State
ffl
ED
EL
IL
DL
IN
IN
Table 1 . List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Hawaii Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Quality
Small Business Environmental
Assistance Program -
Department of Commerce and
Community Affairs
niinois Small Business
Development Center
Office of Small Business,
Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency
Office of Pollution Prevention
& Technical Assistance,
Department of Environmental
Management
Compliance and Technical
Assistance Program, Department
of Environmental Management
Contact*
(E-mail)
(hbrl@hbrl-sbdc.org)
(starowsk@deq.state.id.us)
(rjackson@commerce.state.il.us)
(mpetrill@commerce.state.il.us)
(epa8 140@epa.state.il.us)
Marc Hancock
(mhancock@dem.state.in.us)
Not provided
Phone
Number*
(808)875-2402
(208) 373-0502
(217) 527-8909
(217) 524-5700
(888)372-1996
(800) 233-5627
(800) 988-7901
Agency Web Site
www.brl.sbdc.org
www2.state.id.us/deq/assistance/sba/
index.htm
www.commerce.state.il.us/doingbusi
ness/Reg_Env/EnvHome.htm
www.commerce.state.il.us/doingbusi
ness/First_Stop/SBDCServices.htm
www.epa.state.il.us/small-
business/index.html.
www.state.in.us/idem/oppta
www.state.in.us/idem/ctap/index.ht
ml
Services Provided
Business research library,
database research, demographics,
monthly Small Biz Newsletter
Technical information and
assistance
Technical assistance
Financial Assistance
Technical assistance
Technical assistance
Educational workshops,
confidential site visits,
confidential phone assistance,
public recognition, compliance
assistance manuals, fact sheets
October 13,2005

-------

State
IA
KS
KY
KY
LA
LA
ME
ME
Table 1 . List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Iowa Department of Economic
Development, Small Business
Air Quality Liaison
Small Business Environmental
Assistance Program, Department
of Health and Environment
Kentucky Business
Environmental Assistance
Program
Kentucky Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Quality
Louisiana Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Technical
Assistance Program
Maine Small Business
Development Center
Contact*
(E-mail)
Wendy Walker
(wendy.walker@ided.stata.ia.us)
(sbeap@ksu.edu)
(kbeap@uky.edu)
LrnaugO@pop.uky.edu
(assist@deq.state.la.us)
(brrathbun@ulm.edu)
Roy Krout
(roy.Lkroutฎ state.me.us)
(msbdc@usm.maine.edu)
Phone
Number*
(515)242-4761
(785) 9196
OR
(800) 578-8898
(800) 563-2327
(859)257-7668
(888) 763-5424
(318)342-5506
(207) 287-8550
(207) 780-4420
Agency Web Site
www.iowasmart.com/services/assista
nce/airquality.html
www.sbeap.org
www.kbeap.org
None provided
www.deq.state.la.us/assistance/sbap
www.lsbdc.netl.nul.edu
www.state.me.us/dep/oia/
www.mainesbdc.org
Services Provided
None listed
Technical assistance for material
substitution, process
optimization, waste minimization
and recycling
Technical assistance, compliance
assistance
Financial assistance
Technical assistance, advocacy,
consulting
Clearinghouse and referral
service
Regulatory guidance and
technical assistance
Small business counseling and
training
October 13,2005

-------

State
MD
MD
MD
MA
MA
MI
MN
MS
Table 1. List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environment
Maryland Technology
Extension Service
Maryland Technology
Extension Service
Massachusetts Small Business
Development Center
Waste Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Protection
Michigan Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Program,
Pollution Control Agency
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Quality
Contact*
(E-mail)
(agosden@mde.state.md.us)
(info@mcet.org)
Paul Gieta
(pg26@umail.umd.edu)
(gep@msbdc.umass.edu)
Nancy Wrenn
(nancy, wrenn @ state.ma.us)
(ron @ misbdc .wayne.edu)
None provided
Jesse Thompson
(jesse_thompson@dequ.state.ms.
us)
Phone
Number*
(410) 631-3772
(301) 934-7500
(301) 405-8593
(413) 545-6301
(617) 292-5586
(313)964-1798
(800) 657-3938
(800)725-6112
Agency Web Site
www.mde.state.md.us/permit/sbap.ht
ml
www.mcet.org
www.mtes.org
www.msbdc.som.umass.edu
www.state.ma.us/dep/bwp
www.michiganbdc.org
www.pca.state.mn.us/programs/sbap
_p.html
www.deq.state.ms.us/newweb/homp
ages.nsf
Services Provided
Technical and financial assistance
Technical assistance, training
Technical assistance
Counseling, training, and
technical assistance
Technical assistance and
publications
Financial assistance
Partnership-based compliance
support, on- and off-site visits,
workshops, loan information,
promotion
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, publications
October 13,2005

-------

State
MO
MT
MT
NE
NE
NV
NV
NH
Table 1. List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of Natural
Resources
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Quality
Montana Small Business
Development Center
Small Business & Public
Assistance Program, Department
of Environmental Quality
Nebraska Small Business
Development Center,
Manufacturing Extension
Program
Small Business Assistance
Program, Division of
Environmental Protection
Nevada Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Development
Center
Contact*
(E-mail)
Byron Shaw
(nrshawb@mail.dnr.state.mo.us)
(wnorton @ state.mt.us)
(brouse@state.mtus)
(Ombudsman)
Ann Desch
(Adesch@state.mtus)
Tom Franklin
tom.franklin@ndeq.state.ne.us
Rick Yoder
(ryoder@ unomaha.edu)
(jgoodman@ndep.carson-
city.nv.us)
Kevin Dick
(dick@unr.edu)
(aob@cisunix.unh.edu)
Phone
Number*
(573) 526-6627
(406) 444-3641
(406) 841-2746
(877) 253-2603
(402)595-2381
'(775)687-4670
(702) 689-6677
(603) 647-2622
Agency Web Site
www.dnr.state.mo.us/deq/tap/smbus.
htm
www.epa.gov/ttn/sbap
www.commerce.state.mt.us
www.deq.state.ne.us
www.nbdc.unomaha.edu
www.ndep.state.nv.us/sba/sbaO 1 .htm
www.nsbdc.org/env_program/pol_pr
ev
www.nhsbdc.org
Services Provided
Multi-media technical assistance,
on-site assessments
Technical assistance
Technical assistance
"One stop" technical assistance
Environmental assistance
Technical and financial
assistance, on-site assessments
On-site assessments,
product/equipment information,
economic evaluations, seminars
Financial assistance and
environmental counseling
October 13,2005

-------

State
NH
NJ
NJ
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
Table 1 . List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Technical
Assistance Program, Department
of Environmental Services
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Protection
New Jersey Small Business
Development Center
New Jersey Technical
Assistance Program
New Mexico Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program
North Carolina Small Business
Development Center
Department of Health, Small
Business Assistance Program
Contact*
(E-mail)
(sbtap@des.state.nh.us)
Ky Asral
(kasral@dep.state.nj.us)
(bhopper@yourbizpartner.com)
Laura Battista
(battista@megahertz.njit.edu)
None provided
(SBAP@nysefc.org)
(sdaugherty @ sbtdc.org)
(tbachman@state.nd.us)
(dmountฎ state.nd.us)
(ombudsman)
Phone
Number*
(800) 837-0656
(In-state only)
OR
(603)271-1379
(877)753-1151
OR
(609) 292-3600
(973)353-1927
(973) 642-7539
(505)428-1362
OR
(800)281-7232
(800) 780-7227
(919)712-7272
(701)328-5188
Agency Web Site
None
www.state.nj.us/dep/opppc/sbat.htm
www.yourbizpartner.com
www.cees.njit.edu/njtap/
www.nmsbdc.org
www.nysefc.org/tas/SBAP/SBAP.ht
m
www.sbtdc.org
www.health.state.nd.us/ndhd/enviro
n/ee
Services Provided
None listed
Technical and administrative
support for pollution prevention
Counseling, training, information
tools, and referrals
None listed
Business assistance, training,
referrals
Environmental compliance
assistance and on-site
consultations
Extensive in-depth business
counseling and management
education services
Technical assistance
October 13,2005

-------

State
ND
OH
OH
OK
OK
OR
OR
PA
Table 1. List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
North Dakota Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency
Ohio Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program
Oklahoma Small Business
Development Center
Business Assistance Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Oregon Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program - EN VIROHELP
Contact*
(E-mail)
(ndsbdc @ sage.und.nodak.edu)
Rick Carleski
(rick.carleski@epa.state.oh.us)
Bill Fioretti
bill.fioretti@uc.edu
Kyle Arthur
(kyle.arthur@deq.state.ok.us)
None provided
Jill Inahara
(inahara.jill@deq.state.us)
Sandy Cutler
(sandy_cutler@ bizcenter.org)
None provided
Phone
Number1
(701)777-3225
(614) 644-4830
(513)556-2072
(800) 869-1400
OR
(405)702-1000
'(580) 745-7577
OR
(800) 522-6154
(800) 452-
401 l.ext. 6147
(541) 345-6006
(800) 722-4743
Agency Web Site
www.ndsbdc.org
www.epa.state.oh.us/dapc/sba/sbaint
ro.html
www.ohiosbdc.org
None provided
www.osbdc.org
www.deq.state.or.us/aq/BAP/index.h
tm
www.bizcenter.org
www.pa-envirohelp.org
Services Provided
One-on-one consultations,
applied economic research,
technical assistance, training
One-on-one consultations and
financial assistance
Business management consulting
- free and confidential
Compliance assistance, advocacy
Consultation, workshops,
financial assistance, referrals
Technical assistance
Business counseling and tools
Technical assistance, site visits,
publications, training
October 13,2005

-------

State
PA
PA
PR*
PR*
RI
SC
SC
SD
SD
Table 1. List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Pennsylvania Small Business
Development Center
Pollution Prevention/Energy
Efficiency Site Assessment
Grant Program
Small Business Assistance
Program
Puerto Rico Small Business
Development Center
Rhode Island Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of Health
and Environmental Control
South Carolina Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environment and Natural
Resources
South Dakota Small Business
Development Center
Contact*
(E-mail)
(pasbdc@wharton.upenn.edu)
None provided
(pr_sbap@hotmail.com)
(prsbdc@prsbdc.org)
(jantonio@dem.state.ri.us)
None provided
(pbarnes@uhivscvm.csd.sc.edu)
Joe Nadenicek
(joe.nadenicek@state.sd.us)
(wdruin @ usd.edu)
Phone
Number*
(215)898-1219
(717)783-9981
(787) 294-0101
(888) 300-7232
(401)232-6111
(800)819-9001
(803) 777-2126
(605)773-4216
(605) 677-5287
Agency Web Site
www.pasbdc.org
www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/p
ollprev/PEEC/default.htm
None provided
www.prsbdc.org
www.risbdc.org
www.scdhec.net/sbap
w w w . sbdc web .badm. sc.edu
www.state.sd.us/denr/DES/AirQualit
y/aasmba.htm
None provided
Services Provided
Technical and financial
assistance, information on energy
conservation and waste reduction
Provides grants to fund pollution
prevention and energy efficiency
assessments
None provided
Financial and business assistance,
training, and referrals
Consulting and seminars
Technical assistance, publications
Environmental assistance
Technical assistance
Compliance and technical
assistance
October 13,2005

-------

State
TN
TN
TX
TX
UT
UT
VA
VA
Table 1 . List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Environmental
Assistance Program, Department
of Environment and
Conservation
Tennessee Small Business
Development Center
Small Business and
Environmental Assistance,
Texas Commission on
Environmental Quality
North Texas Region Small
Business Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Quality
Utah Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Quality
Virginia Small Business
Development Center
Contact*
(E-mail)
(bgsbeap @ state.tn.us)
(SBEAP@state.tn.us)
(sbap@tnrcc.state.tx.us)
None provided
(rreece@dequ.state.uLus)
(randerson@deq.state.ut.us)
(Ombudsman)
(FinnerMi@slcc.edu)
None provided
(rwilburn@dba.state.va.us) .
Phone
Number*
(800) 734-3619
(615) 366-3900
(800) 447-2827
(214)860-5831
(801) 536-4091
(801) 957-3493
(804) 698-4394
OR
(800) 592-5482
(804) 371-8251
Agency Web Site
www.state.tn.us/environment/dca/sb
eap/
www.tsbdc.org
www.tceq.state.tx.us/AC/about/orga
nization/ed.html#3
www.ntsbdc.org/
www.eq.state.ut.us
None provided
www.deq.state.va.us/osba/smallbiz.h
tail
www.dba.state.va.us/smdev
Services Provided
Technical assistance, training
Financial and technical assistance
On-site technical assistance
Business .education
Compliance and technical
assistance
Financial assistance
Technical assistance
Financial assistance
October 13,2005
                                                                                 10

-------

State
VT
VT
WA
WA
WV
WV
WI
WI
Table 1. List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Compliance
Assistance Program
Vermont Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Ecology
Washington Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Assistance
Program, Department of
Environmental Protection
West Virginia Small Business
Development Center
Small Business Clean Air
Assistance Program
Wisconsin Small Business
Development Center
Contact
(E-mail)
Judy Mirro
(judy.min-o@arirmail.anr.state.vt.
us
(pcrawfor@vtsbdc.org)
(bbra46 1 @ecy. wa.gov)
None provided
(fdurham@mail.dep.state.wv.us)
None provided
(tcoogan@commerce.state.wi.us)
Not provided
Phone
Number*
(802) 241-3745
OR
(800) 974-9559
(In-State only)
(802)728-9101
OR
(800) 464-7232
(In State Only)
(360) 407-6803
(509) 358-7765
(304) 926-3647
(304) 558-2960
OR
(888) 982-7232
(608) 267-9214
(608) 263-7794
Agency Web Site
www.anr.sate.vt.us/dec/ead/eadhome
/sbap.htm
www.vtsbdc.org
www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/air/small
_business_assistance.htm
www.sbdc.wsu.edu
www.dep.state.wv.us/
www.wvsbdc.org
www.wienvirohelp.com
www.cf.uwex.edu/sbdc
Services Provided
Compliance assessments,
information, and assistance
Counseling, environmental
assistance, and training
Technical assistance and
information
Training, research, technology
development
Technical Assistance
One-on-one consulting, financial
assistance, workshops
Technical assistance
One-on-one counseling and
workshops
October 13,2005
                                                                                11

-------

State
WY
WY
Table 1 . List of State Small Business Assistance Offices
Agency
Small Business Assistance
Program
Wyoming Small Business
Development Center
Contact1
(E-mail)
(dclarkฎ state, wy .us)
(DDW@uwyo.edu)
Phone
Number*
(307) 777-7388
(800) 348-5194
Agency Web Site
www.deq.state.wy.us/outreach.htm
www.uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/sbdc
Services Provided
Technical assistance
Financial assistance
TContact listed on EPA website.
*PR=PuertoRico,
        October 13, 2005
                                                                              12

-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
AL
AK
AZ
CA
CA
CA
Agency
Pollution Prevention Unit,
Department of Environmental
Management
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Conservation
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
California Department of Toxic
Substances Control, Office of
Pollution Prevention
California Integrated Waste
Management Board
California Environmental Protection
Agency, Permit Assistance Centers
Contact*
(E-mail)
Gary Ellis
Thomas Turner
(thomas_turner@ envir
con.state.ak.us)
Joseph Sbesilo
(j s3 @ev.state.az.us)
Kathy Barwick
(kbarwick@dtsc.ca.gov
)
(bzassistฎ ciwmb.ca.go
v)
None provided
Phone Number*
(334) 394-4352
(907) 269-7586
(602) 771-4205
(916) 255-6421
(916)341-6613
(800)468-1787
Agency Web Site
www.adem.state.al.us/Education%2
ODiv/P2%20Program/P2FactSheet.
htm
www.state.ak.us/dec/prevhome.htm
www.adeq.state.az.us/environ/waste
/capdev/p2
www.dtsc.ca.gov/Pollution_Prevent
ion/indix.html
www.ciwmb.ca.gov/BizWaste
www .calgold.ca.gov
Services Provided
Technical assistance, industry
sector fact sheets
Sector-specific technical assistance,
partnerships, workshops
Pollution prevention planning
assistance, environmental
management systems, partnerships,
training, on-site visits, publications,
and website
Sector- and process-specific
technical resources
Technical assistance, training,
awards, partnerships, waste
exchanges
Business assistance with permit
application and approval processes,
compliance assistance, referrals to
pollution prevention and other
business assistance programs
October 13,2005
                                                                                13

-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
CO
CT
DE
DC*
DC*
PL
GA
HI
Agency
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Public Health and
Environment
Office of Pollution Prevention,
Department of Environmental
Protection
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Natural Resources
and Environmental Control
D.C. Department of Health
Environmental Health
Administration, Bureau of
Environmental Quality
Florida Pollution Prevention
Program, Department of
Environmental Protection
Pollution Prevention Assistance
Division, Department of Natural
Resources
Waste Minimization Project,
Department of Health
Contact*
(E-mail)
Margo Griffin
(margo.griffin @ state.c
o.us)
Robert Kaliszeweski
(robert.kaliszeweski@p
o.state.ctus)
Phil Cherry
(pcherry@dnrec.state.d
e.us)
Olivia Achuko
(noa@mail.environ.stat
e.dc.us)
None provided
Julie Abcarian
(julie.abcarian@dep.fl.
state.us)
(info@p2ad.org)
Marilyn Aguilar
(maguilar@eha.health.s
tate.hi.us)
Phone Number*
(303) 692-2979
(860)424-3003
(302) 739-4403
(202) 53502997
(202) 645-6080,
ext. 3079
(850) 245-8807
(404) 651-5130
(808) 586-4240
Agency Web Site
www.cdphe.state.co.us/el/elp_p2ho
m.asp
www.dep.state.ct.us/wst/p2/
www.dnrec.state.de.us/dnrec2000/p
2/p2home.htm
www.dchealth.com
www.environ.state.dc.us
www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/categorie
s/p2
www.p2ad.org
www.state.hi.us/dbedt/ert/chc/brg97
.html
Services Provided
On-site assessments, telephone
consultations, financial assistance,
training, partnership program
Technical information and
assistance, small business advocacy
Pollution prevention guides for
specific industry sectors and
pollution prevention success stories
None listed
Technical assistance, publications
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, training and
publications
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, industry-sector
information
Technical assistance (hazardous
waste)
October 13,2005
                                                                               14

-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
ID
EL
IA
KS
KS
KY
KY
LA
Agency
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Illinois Environmental Protection
Agency - Office of Pollution
Prevention
Pollution Prevention and Waste
Reduction Assistance Program,
Department of Natural Resources
Office of Planning & Prevention,
Department of Health &
Environment
Bureau of Environmental Field
Services, Department of Health and
Environment
Kentucky Department of
Environmental Protection
Kentucky Pollution Prevention
Center
Department of Environmental
Quality, Assistance
Contact
(E-mail)
Patti Best
(pbest@deq.state.id.us)
Kevin Greene
(epa8603@epa.state.il.
us)
Scott Vander Hart
(scott.vanderhart@dnr.
state.ia.us)
Janet Neff
(jneff@kdhe.state.ks.us
)
Cathy Colglazier
Matt Hackathorn
(matthew.hackathorn @
mail.state.ky.us
Cam Metcalf
(jcmetcO 1 @gwise.louis
ville.edu)
(assist@deq.state.la.us)
Phone Number*
(208) 373-0502
(217)785-0833
(515)281-4367
(785) 296-0669
None provided
(502)564-6716
(502) 852-0965
(225) 765-0219
Agency Web Site
www2.state.id.us/deq/assistance/p2.
htm
www.epa.state.il.us/p2/index.html
www . state, ia. us/dnr/organiza/wmad
/wmabureau/pollution/index.htm
www.kdhe.state.ks.us/sbcs/index.ht
ml
None provided
www.dep.ky.gov/default.htm
www.kppc.org
www.deq.state.la.us/assistance/sbap
/index.htm
Services Provided
Sector-specific and technical
information
Partnerships, technical assistance,
community outreach
Information and on-site assistance
Technical assistance, awards
program, newsletter, resource links
Technical assistance, newsletter,
resource links
None listed
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, training, applied
research
Technical assistance
October 13,2005
                                                                                 15

-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
ME
MD
MA
MA
MI
MN
Agency
Office of Innovation and Assistance
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environment
Executive Office of Environmental
Affairs, Office of Technical
Assistance
MA Executive Office of
Environmental Assistance - STEP
Program
Pollution Prevention Section,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Office of Environmental Assistance
Contact1
(E-mail)
Peter Cooke
(peter.cookeฎ maine.g
ov)
Laura Armstrong
(larmstrong@mde.state
.md.us)
Paul Richard
(paul.richard@ state.ma
.us)
Linda Benevides
(linda.benevides @ state
.ma.us)
(Horanm@michigan.go
v)
David Cera
(david.cera@ moea.stat
e.mn.us)
Phone Number*
(207) 287-7100
(410) 537-4158
(617) 626-1042
(617)626-1197
(517)373-9122
(651)215-0240
Agency Web Site
www.state.me.us/dep/oia/
www.mde.state.md.us/BusinessInfo
Center/PollutionPrevention/P2/inde
x.asp
www.state.ma.us/ota
www.state.ma.us/ota/support/step.ht
m
www.michigan.gov/deq/o,1607%2
07-135-3585— ,00.html
www.moea.state.mn.us/berc/index.
htm
Services Provided
Compliance and pollution
prevention assistance
Technical assistance, industry
sector information, case studies,
Environmental Management
System implementation assistance,
recognition
Pollution prevention assistance and
outreach, technology support
None listed
Financial assistance information,
on-site technical assistance,
reference materials
Phone assistance and referrals,
printed materials, workshops,
financial assistance, recognition and
promotion of success stories
October 13,2005
                                                                                16

-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
MN
MS
MO
MT
MT
NE
NH
Agency
Pollution Prevention and
Sustainability Program, Pollution
Control Agency
Environmental Resource Center,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Environmental Assistance Office,
Department of Natural Resources
Pollution Prevention Bureau,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Montana Pollution Prevention
Program
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Services
Contact1
(E-mail)
Cindy Hilmoe
(cynthia.hilmoe@pca.st
ate.mn.us)
Thomas E. Whitten
(tom_whitten @deq.stat
e.ms.us)
David Goggins
(nrgoggd@mail.state.m
o.us)
(lmoore@state.mLus)
Michael T. Vogel
(mvogel @ montana.edu
)
Stephanie Vap-Morrow
(stephanie.vap-
morrow@ndeq.state.ne
.us)
Stephanie D' Agostino
s_dagostino@des.state.
nh.us
Phone Number*
(612) 296-7783
(601) 961-5241
(573) 526-6627
OR
(800) 361-4827
(406) 444-6697
(406) 994-5417
(402) 471-7784
(603) 271-6398
Agency Web Site
www.pca.state.mn.us/programs/p2-
s/index.htm
www .deq.state.ms .us/new web/hom
epages.nsf
www.dnr.mo.us/oac/smbus.htm
www.deq.state.mt.us
www.montana.edu/wwwated
www .deq. state.ne.us/
www.des.state.nh.us/nhppp
Services Provided
Technical assistance
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, publications
Multi-media on-site assessments,
awards program
Technical assistance
Technical assistance, materials
exchange, recognition program,
self-assessment checklists
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, awards programs
October 13,2005
                                                                                17

-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices:
State
NM
NY
NC
NC
ND
OH
OK
Agency
Environment Department
Pollution Prevention Unit,
Department of Environmental
Conservation
Division of Pollution Prevention and
Environmental Assistance,
Department of Environment and
Natural Resources
Department of Environment and
Natural Resources, Customer Service
Center
Department of Health, Division of
Waste Management, Pollution
Prevention
Office of Pollution Prevention,
Environmental Protection Agency
Pollution Prevention Programs,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Contact1
(E-mail)
2a Green
(green_zia @ nmen v. stat
e.nm.us)
Mary Werner
(mhwerner@gw.dec.sta
te.ny.us)
Gary Hunt
(gary_hunt@ owr.ehnr.
state.nc.us)
(denr.csc @ ncmail.net)
(rtubbs@state.nd.us)
Michael Kelley
(Michael.Kelley@epa.s
tate.oh.us)
Dianne Wilkins
(dianne.wilkins @deqm
ail.state.ok.us)
Phone Number1
(800) 219-6157
(518)402-9469
(919)715-6500
OR
(800) 763-0136
(877) 623-6748
(701) 328-5266
(614) 644-2807
(405)702-9128
Agency Web Site
www.nmenv.state.nm. us/green_zia
_website/index.htm
www.dec.state.ny.us/website/ppu
www.p2pays.org
www.envhelp.org
www.health.state.nd.us/ndhd/enviro
n/wm/p2/index.htm
www.epa.state.oh.us/opp
www.deq.state.ok.us/CSDnew/p2.h
tm
Services Provided
Technical assistance, publications
Technical assistance, workshops,
publications, and referrals
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, publications
Permit and regulatory assistance
Information and assistance
Technical and financial information
assistance, materials exchange, on-
site assessments
Training, recognition programs,
clearinghouse of P2 technologies,
methods, and techniques
October 13,2005
                                                                                18

-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
state
OR
PA
PR*
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
Agency
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Office of Pollution Prevention &
Compliance Assistance, Department
of Environmental Protection
Puerto Rico Department of
Environment
Office of Technical & Customer
Assistance, Department of
Environmental Management
Center for Waste Minimization,
Department of Health and
Environmental Control
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environment and
Natural Resources
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environment and
Conservation
Pollution Prevention Program,
Natural Resources Conservation
Commission
Contact*
(E-mail)
Marianne Fitzgerald
(fitzgerald.marianne@d
eq.state.or.us)
Eric Thumma
(thumma.eric @ dep. stat
e.pa.us)
Carlos Gonzales
Richard Enander
(renanderฎ dem.state.ri
.us)
Robert Burgess
(burgesre@columb30.d
hec.state.sc.us)
Dennis Clarke
(Info@denr.state.sd.us)
Karen Grubbs
(kgrubbs @mail.state.tn
.us)
Ken Zarker
(kzarker@tnrcc.state.tx
.us)
Phone Number*
(503) 229-5946
(717)783-0542
(809) 765-75 17 x
381
(401) 222-6822 ext.
4411
(803) 896-8986
(605) 773-4254
(615) 532-0463
(512)239-3144
Agency Web Site
www.deq.state.or.us/programs/p2/p
2.htm
www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/p
ollprev/pollution_prevention.html
None provided
www.state.ri.us/dem/programs/benv
iron/assist/pollut.htm
www.scdhec.net/eqc/admin/html/w
astemin.html
www.state.sd.us/denr/DFTA/Waers
hedProtection/P2/P2.htm
www.state.tn.us/environment/dca
www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/exec/sbea/p2t
ech.html
Services Provided
Education, assistance
Partnerships, workshops, financial
assistance, one-on-one consultation
Technical assitance
On-site assessments, training
seminars, and compliance
assistance
Technical assistance, publications
Technical assistance
Technical assistance, publications
On-site assessments, clearinghouse
of best practices, partnership
program, and industry-specific
resources.
October 13, 2005
                                                                                19

-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
UT
VT
VI*
.VA
WA
WV
Agency
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Compliance Assistance and
Pollution Prevention Programs,
Agency of Natural Resources
Department of Planning and Natural
Resources
Office of Pollution Prevention,
Department of Environmental
Quality
Pollution Prevention Program,
Department of Ecology
Office of Waste Reduction,
Industrial Assistance, Pollution
Prevention Services, Department of
Environmental Protection
Contact*
(E-mail)
Sonja Wallace
(swallace@deq.state.ut.
us)
Gary Gulka
(garyg@dec.anr.state.vt
.us)
None provided
Sharon K. Baxter
(skbaxter@deq.state.va
.us)
Lynn Helbrecht
(Ihel461 ฉecy.wa.gov)
Leroy Gilbert
(Igilbertฎ hotmail.com)
Phone Number1
(801) 536-4477
None listed
(340) 774-3320
(804) 698-4344
(360) 407-6760
(304) 465-0034
Agency Web Site
www.eq.state.ut.us/eqoas/poll_prev
www.anr.state.vLus/dec/ead/eadho
me/p2.htm
www.dpnr.gov.vi
www.deq.state.va.us/p2
www .ecy.wa.gov/programs/hwtr/p2
/index.html
www.dep.state.wv.us/p2
Services Provided
Technical assistance, awards
program, training
Technical and financial assistance,
workshops, training, and research
None listed
Technical assistance and materials
Education, technical assistance,
expert contact list
Technical assistance
October 13,2005
                                                                                20

-------
Table 2. List of State Agency Pollution Prevention Offices
State
WI
WY
Agency
Cooperative Environmental
Assistance, Department of Natural
Resources
Office of Outreach & Environmental
Assistance, Department of
Environmental Quality
Contact*
(E-mail)
Lynn Persson
Stephen Roseberry
(srosebฎ state.wy.us)
Phone Number*
(608) 267-3763
(307) 777-6105
Agency Web Site
www.dnr.state.wi. us/org/caer/cea
www.deq.state.wy.us/outreach.htm
Services Provided
Sector specialists, environmental
management system resources,
publications
Technical assistance, pollution
prevention opportunity assessment,
planning
TContact listed on EPA website.
*DC=District of Columbia. PR=Puerto Rico. VI= Virgin Islands
        October 13,2005
                                                                            21

-------
Table 3. List of Local Pollution Prevention Programs
State
KS
MO
ME
NY
NY
RI
Agency
Wichita-Sedgwick County
Department of Community
Health
Choose Environmental
Excellence - Gateway
Region
Lincoln-Lancaster County
Health Department
(LLCHD)
Erie County Department of
Environment and Planning,
Office of Pollution
Prevention
New York City WasteLe$$
Narrangansett Bay
Commission Pollution
Prevention Program
Contact*
(E-mail)
None provided
(info@ceegr.org)
(prooney@ci.lincoln.ne.us)
(nersey@cdbg.co.erie.ny.us)
(web@nycwasteless.org)
James McCaughey
(jmccaughey @ narrabay.com)
Phone
Number*
(316)268-8457
(314) 962-4100
(402)441-8644
(716)858-7674
(917) 237-5673
(401) 461-8848
ext 352
Agency Web Site
www.wscdch.org
www.ceegr.org
www.ci.lincoln.ne.us/city/health/environ
/index.htm
www.erie.gov/environment/compliance/
ofcpp.phtml
www.nycwasteless.org
www .narrabay.com/pollprevent.asp
Services Provided
None listed
None listed
Technical assistance covering
materials or process changes or
substitutions, research, training,
seminars, Title V air permitting,
hazardous waste collection and
response
On- site consultations and
workshops
Partnerships, sector-specific
technical assistance, and case
studies.
Technical assistance and
regulatory relief program
Contact listed on EPA website.
        October 13,2005
                                                                                22

-------
Table 4. List of EPA Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Contact*
(E-mail)
Phone
Numberf
Agency Web Site
Services Provided
Region 1 (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont)
EPA New England Pollution
Prevention Coordinators
New England Environmental
Assistance Team (NEEAT)
Robert Guillemin
(guillemin.robertฎ epa.gov)
Linda Darveau
(darveau.linda@epa.gov)
Mary Dever
(dever.mary@epa.gov)
(617) 918-2023
(888) 372-7341
(in New England)
OR
(617)918-1111
www .epa.gov/region l/assistance/p2/p
2resources.html
www.epa.gov/NE/asstistance/neeat/m
uni/index.html
Information, contacts, resources
Sector-based P2 and compliance
assistance
Region 2 (New York, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands)
EPA Region 2, Division of
Environmental Protection and
Planning, Pollution Prevention Team
EPA Region 2, Division of
Enforcement and Compliance
Assistance
EPA Region 2, Division of
Environmental Protection and
Planning, Solid Waste Programs
Caribbean Basin Pollution Prevention
Resources Exchange Center
Tristan Gillespie
(gillespie.tristan@epa.gov)
OR
Kathleen Malone
(malone.kathleen@epa.gov)
Ronald Lockwood
(lockwood.ronald@epa.gov)
Lorraine Graves
(graves.lorraine@epa.gov)
None provided .
(212) 637-3753
(Tristan)
OR
(212) 637-4083
(Kathleen)
(212) 637-3413
(212)637-3730
(787) 751-0239
www.epa.gov/region2/p2/p2home.ht
m
www .epa.gov/region2/p2/p2home.ht
m
No link provided
None provided
Resources, networking, and grants
program
Resources, workshops, and grants
program
Resources, networking, and
technical assistance
None listed
October 13,2005
                                                                                23

-------
Table 4. List of EPA Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Contact*
(E-mail)
Phone
Numberf
Agency Web Site
Services Provided
Region 3 (Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia)
EPA Region 3, Pollution Prevention
Program
EPA Region 3, Business Assistance
Center
Jeff Burke
(burke.jeff@epa.gov)
OR
Lorna Rosenberg
(rosenber.lorna@epa.gov)
None provided
(215)814-2761
(215) 814-2761
www .epa.gov/reg3p2p2/
www .epa .gov/regibn3/sbac
Technical assistance, partnership
programs, and waste exchanges
Technical assistance, technology
development, and small-business
liaison
Region 4 (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee)
EPA Region 4, Pollution Prevention
Program
Dan Ahren
(ahern.dan@epa.gov)
(404) 562-9028
www.epa.gov/region4/air/polprev.htm
Resources and contacts
Region 5 (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin)
EPA Region 5, Pollution Prevention
Program
Phil Kaplan
(kaplan.phil@epa.gov)
(312)353-4669
www.epa.gov/reg5rcra/wptdiv/p2page
s/index.htm
Technical assistance
Region 6 (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas)
EPA Region 6, Pollution Prevention
Program
Eli Martinez
(martinez.eli@epa.gov)
OR
Joy Campbell
(campbell.joy@epa.gov)
(214)665-2119
OR
(214) 665-8036
www.epa.gov/earth Ir6/6en/xp/enxp2d
.htm
Technical assistance and resources
October 13,2005
                                                                                24

-------
Table 4. List of EPA Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Contact*
(E-mail)
Phone
Numberf
Agency Web Site
Services Provided
Region 10 (Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington)
EPA Region 10, Pollution Prevention
Program
Carolyn Gangmark
(gangmark.carolyn@epa.gov)
Robert Drake
(drake.robert@epa.gov)
(206) 553-4072
(206) 553-4803
www.epa.gov/p2/assist/region 10.pdf
Technical assistance
fContact names supplied by EPA website.
        October 13,2005
                                                                              26

-------
Table 5. List of Other Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Contact*
(E-mail)
Phone
Numberf
Agency Web Site
Services Provided
Region 1 (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont)
New England Environmental
Assistance Team NEEAT)
Northeast States Pollution
Prevention Roundtable/P2
Information Center
Northeast Management Officials'
Association (NEWMOA)
Toxics Use Reduction Institute
Linda Darveau
(darveau.linda@epa.gov)
Mary Dever
(dever.mary@epa.gov)
Andy Bray
Terri Goldberg
(newmoa@aol.com)
(clarkjan@turi.org)
(888) 372-7341
(in New England)
OR
(617)918-1111
(617) 367-8558
ext. 306
(617) 367-8558
(978) 934-3346
www.epa.gov/NE/asstistance/neeat/mun
i/index.html
www.newmoa.org
www.newmoa.org
www.turi.org
Sector-based P2 and compliance
assistance
Contact information and
technical assistance
Hazardous waste, solid waste,
waste site cleanup and pollution
prevention program
Technical assistance,
publications, and education
Region 3 (Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia)
Department of Environmental
Programs, Metropolitan
Washington Council of
Governments (MWCOG)
None provided
None provided
w w w .mwcog. org/dep/index. htm
None listed
October 13,2005
                                                                                27

-------
Table 5. List of Other Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Contact1
(E-mail)
Phone
Numberf
Agency Web Site
Services Provided
Region 4 (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee)
Waste Reduction Resource
Center/P2 Information Center
University of Tennessee Center for
Industrial Services
John Calcagni
(John)Calcagni @p2pays . org)
None provided
(919) 715-6534
(615) 532-8657
www.wrrc.p2pays.org
www.cis.utk.edu
Technical assistance, industry
sector information, publications,
on-site training and assessments,
publications, and case studies
Technical assistance,
publications, training
Region 5 (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin)
Great Lakes Regional Pollution
Prevention Roundtable/P2
Information Center
Illinois Waste Management and
Research Center
Indiana Clean Manufacturing
Technology & Safe Materials
Institute, Purdue University
(djacobsoฎ wmrc.uiuc.edu)
George VanderVelde
(gwelde@wmrc.uiuc.edu)
Jim Noonan
(noonan@ecn.purdue.edu)
(630) 472-5019
(217) 333-8569
(765) 463-4749
www.glrppr.org
www.wmrc.uiuc.edu
www.ecn.purdue.edu/CMTI
Technical assistance,
publications
Technical assistance, industry
experts, research funding,
partnerships, workshops, public
recognition, environmental
management systems
Sector-specific technical
resources, on-site training,
environmental management
systems and technology transfer
information
October 13,2005
                                                                                 28

-------
Table 5. List of Other Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Minnesota Technical Assistance
Program
Minnesota Technology, Inc.
Center for Environment and
Energy - GEE
Contact*
(E-mail)
Cindy McComas
(mccom003@tc.umn.edu)
Kevin O'Donnell
(kodonnell@mail.mntech.org)
Not provided
Phone
Numberf
(612)624-1330
(612) 672-3446
(414)227-3160
Agency Web Site
www.mntap.umn.edu
www.minnesotatechnology.org
www 1 .uwex.edu/ces/shwec
Services Provided
Site visits, industry experts
environmental management
system consulting, materials
exchange network
Not listed
On- site and over-the-phone
assessments, training,
environmental management
system development,
publications
Region 6 (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas)
Southwest Pollution Prevention
Information Center/P2 Information
Center
Clean Texas
Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance
Research
Lower Colorado River Authority
(raulg@utep.edu)
Rob Borowski
(rob@cleantexas.org)
Jack Hopper
(jhopper@ALMARK.lamar.edu)
Charles Urdy
(charles.urdy@lcra.org)
(915) 747-6273
(512)239-3187
(409) 880-8785
(512) 473-3200
www.p2.utep.edu
www.cleantexas.org
www.gchsrc.lamar.edu
www.lcra.org
Technical assistance, training,
environmental management
systems consulting, publications
None listed
None listed
None listed
October 13,2005
                                                                                 29

-------
Table 5. List of Other Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Contact
(E-mail)
Phone
Numberf
Agency Web Site
Services Provided
Region 7 (Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska)
Region 7 Pollution Prevention
Regional Information Center
(P2RIC)/P2 Information Center
Iowa Waste Reduction Center
Recycle Iowa
Hazardous Materials Training &
Research Institute
Kansas State University Pollution
Prevention Institute
Mid- America Manufacturing
Technology Center (MAMTC)
Bridging the Gap
Rick Yoder
(ryoder @ unomaha.edu)
John Konefes
(john.konefes@uni.edu)
(recycleiowa@ided.state.ia.us)
(dfeil@kirkwood.cc.ia.us)
Sherry Davis
(sdavid@oz.oznet.ksu.edu)
(abrown@midusa.net)
(kay@bridgingthegap.org)
(402)595-2381
(319)273-8905
(800) 532-4776
(319) 398-5678
(800) 578-8898
(620) 276-9505
(816)561-1087
www.p2ric.org
www.iwrc.org
www.recycleiowa.org
www.hmtri.org
www.sbeap.org/ppi/about.asp
www.mamtc.com
www.bridgingthegap.org
Environmental assistance
Environmental assistance
through research, education, and
training
Technical and business waste
reduction assistance, waste
exchange services
Environmental health and safety
education and training
Technical assistance,
publications, videos, other
resources
Offers manufacturers high-
quality, low-cost consultation
that leads to bottom line results
Partnerships, waste prevention,
environmental education,
business recycling
October 13,2005
                                                                               30

-------
Table 5. List of Other Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
University of Missouri Outreach &
Extension Office of Waste
Management
Nebraska Materials Exchange
Program
UNL Biological Systems
Engineering
Contact1
(E-mail)
(owm@missouri.edu)
(exchange@knb.org)
(JHYGNSTROM1@UNL.EDU)
Phone
Numberf
(417) 889-5000
(800) 486-4562
OR
(402) 486-4622
(402)472-9614
Agency Web Site
www.outreach.missouri.edu.owm/
www.knb.org/exchange.html
www.p2.unl.edu
Services Provided
Education, information,
technical assistance
Waste exchange, recycling
Technical assistance,
educational materials, programs
Region 8 (Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah; Wyoming)
Peaks to Prairies Center/P2
Information Center
Midwest Assistance Program, Inc.
(MAP)
Colorado State University
Industrial Assessment Center
(uiformation@peakstoprairies.org)
(mapl@bevcomm.net)
(koz@lamar.colostate.edu)
(406) 994-3451
(402)846-5123
(970)491-7709
www.peakstoprairies.org
www.map-inc.org
www.engr.colostate.edu/deps.me/progra
m/outreach/iac
Technical and financial
assistance, publications, training
On-site technical assistance,
publications, training
On-site assessments
Region 9 (Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada)
Western Regional Pollution
Prevention Network (WRPPN) /P2
Information Center
(wrppn@wrppn.org)
(775) 689-6675
www.wrppn.org
Sector-specific information,
listserve, website, pollution
prevention roundtable,
publications, technical
assistance from retired engineers
October 13,2005
                                                                                31

-------
Table 5. List of Other Pollution Prevention Offices by EPA Region
Agency
Business Environmental Program,
University of Nevada, Reno
Contact*
(E-mail)
Kevin Dick
(dick@unr.edu)
Phone
Numberf
(775) 689-6677
Agency Web Site
None provided
Services Provided
Technical assistance, on-site
assessments, product
information, seminars
Region 10 (Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington)
Pacific Northwest Pollution
Prevention Resource Center/P2
Information Center
(office@pprc.org)
(206) 352-2050
www.pprc.org
Technical assistance, referral,
clearinghouse of pollution
prevention case studies and
research
Contact names listed on EPA website.
        October 13,2005
                                                                                32

-------
Contacts

-------

-------
  ul
  HEgALTHYuAslcIR

   Could your family
          be affected?

       In  1996 there were
   approximately 125,000
  nail salons in the United
   States, employing over
  500,000 nail technicians
with total sales of over 4.5
            billion dollars.
       — Indoor Air Pollution
                   Control
  30 states have restricted
     or banned the use of
liquid methyl methacrylate
        monomer. Methyl
 methacrylate monomer is
     an ingredient used in
        some artificial nail
     products which bond
     strongly with the nail.
               — U.S. EPA
  U.S. nail salons raked in
 $6.53 billion in revenue in
 2003, up 67 percent from
            10 years ago.
 	Design for the Environment
        OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION SHEET

            Reducing Air  Pollution from:
                            Nail Salons
                                                                                                            3/26/2007
Why should I reduce air pollution from
nail salons?
  People who are exposed to toxic air
pollutants, at sufficient concentrations for
sufficient durations, may increase their
chances of getting cancer or experiencing
other serious health effects, such as
reproductive problems, birth defects, and
aggravated asthma.
  Pollution prevention safeguards the
health of your employees, families, and
customers  by using materials, processes,
or practices that can reduce or eliminate
air pollution at the source.
  Pollution prevention practices also save
money on waste disposal, solvent usage,
and the cost of air pollution controls.
  You may already be regulated by
federal, state, local,  and Tribal agencies
and may already voluntarily implement
pollution prevention practices. These
practices can go beyond compliance and
further minimize impacts on human
health and  the environment.

Why should I be concerned about air
pollution from my nail salon?
Many of the  products used in nail salons
contain a variety of chemicals which may
be harmful to people or to the
environment if not handled carefully.
These products include solvents,
hardeners,  fragrances, glues, polishes and
dry/curing  agents. Possible effects on
health can  range anywhere from mild
rashes to very serious conditions,
depending  on degree and duration of
exposures (For more detailed information
on chemicals present in nail care
products, see (7), (1) and (3) in Resources
list.)
•   Chemical Vapors: Many of the
    most potentially harmful chemicals
    used in nail salon products
    "vaporize" quickly into the air while
    customers are being worked on, or
    when materials  are being transferred
    from storage into smaller containers.
Chemicals in solvents can also react
in the air to cause both respiratory
and environmental problems from
production of ground-level ozone
(smog). Since smell is not a reliable
indicator of exposure, it's important
to know which products contain
chemicals that owners and operators
need to treat with special care.
Dust:  Filing artificial nails
produces fine particles.  The
resulting dust may contain glues,
benzoyl peroxide, silica, and
methacrylate polymers. Wraps
usually contain the same materials
as nails in any given product line.
A Special Situation: Years ago,
Liquid Methyl Methacrylate
(MMA) Monomer was used in
artificial nail products.  In the early
1970's the US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) responded to
complaints with investigations that
established its dangers.  Since then,
30 states have restricted or banned
its use. However, Liquid MMA is
still available and is used in some
products. In (6) of the Resources
list, the Nail Manufacturers Council
(NMC) provides information about
how to identify Liquid MMA and
describes safe products  to use as
substitutes.
Other Health Considerations: In
addition to trying to minimize the
health effects of breathing chemical
vapors and dust, nail salon owners
and operators can protect worker
and customer health in other ways.
Establishing good sanitation
practices for instrument sterilization,
hand washing and glove use can
prevent disease transmission.  See
listed resources for excellent
suggestions and checklists,
including ways to prevent accidents
in nail salons.

-------
         OWNER/OPERATOR INFORMATION  SHEET
                                   Nail Salons
                                                                                                           3/26/2007
                                                manner that avoids re-circulating air back into the salon.

                                            For more detailed information, links to other Web sites, and
                                            helpful checklists dealing with all aspects of nail salon health
                                            and safety measures, see the list of Resources.

                                            What else can I do to reduce air pollution?
                                              Keep informed through internet resources such as those
                                            listed. Stay involved with trade associations, which offer
                                            updates, publications, and continuing education opportunities.
                                              Your community may already have groups working for
                                            cleaner air. Your expertise and knowledge can be very helpful
                                            to these groups by helping them understand what the nail
                                            salon industry is doing to improve air quality.
                                              Many pollution prevention offices offer free on-site
                                            assessments for interested businesses. Resource (9) provides
                                            information about assistance and technical help,
                                            environmental experts, environmental regulations and laws,
                                            funding, and cost-saving opportunities.
                                              Also, sponsor employee awards for good ideas, great efforts
                                            and dedication to pollution prevention.  For example, you
                                            could provide a cash award for employees who implement
                                            ideas that reduce both costs and pollution.
How can I reduce the air pollution from my nail salon?
•   Learn about the chemicals in the products you use:
    You can get Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
    from your nail product suppliers and manufacturers.
    Each MSDS tells what the hazardous components and
    exposure limits are for the chemicals in each of their
    products. They explain any health hazards,
    precautions to be taken, and what to do in
    emergencies. For more information about using
    MSDS, see Resources (7) and (4).
•   Minimize effects of vapors: Try to prevent vapors
    from getting into the air by keeping supplies tightly
    sealed except when dispensing products. Guard
    against spills when transferring materials from storage
    to smaller containers. Substitute  safe materials and
    products. Promptly dispose of chemical-soaked gauze
    pads into sealed bags and change trash can liners
    daily.  Use only metal self-closing trash receptacles.
•   Minimize effects of dust:  Workers should wear
    masks when filing nails.  Dust-controlling techniques,
    such as forming the nail properly, should be used to
    reduce the need for filing.
•   Ventilate to remove vapors and dust:  Nail salons
    should have a well-designed, properly installed,
    overall exhaust ventilation system. Install a local
    exhaust ventilation system above each manicure
    station. All systems should be vented outside in a

                                             Resources

         EPA has compiled an information booklet to educate nail salon owners and employees about the potential hazards of
 chemicals present in nail products and to recommend many best shop practices to minimize health and environmental risks in
 their shops.  This booklet has been produced in English, Vietnamese, and Korean to ensure that stakeholders from different
 backgrounds are all equally educated on nail salon risks and safety measures. Resource (7). Other resources listed also provide
 useful information, links, and work practices checklists for nail  salons.  See additional checklists in (1) and (5).

 1.  Artificial Fingernail Products. A  HESIS Guide to Chemical  Exposures in the Nail Salon: www.dhs.ca.gov/ohb/HESIS/
 artnails.htm
 2.  Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association: www.ctfa.org, 202-331-1770
 3.  Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS): www.epa.gov/iris
 4.  Material Safety Data Sheets: www.msdsonline.com
 5.  Nail Manufacturers Council List of Salon Work Practices: www.asepticonails.com/nailsafety.htm
 6.  Nail Manufacturers Council Update on MMA: www.isnow.com/about/inta/NMC_MMA.pdf
 7.  U.S. EPA: A Guide to Protect the Health of Nail Salon Workers and their Working Environment: www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/
 salon/NailBookEnglish.pdf, 888-884-2478 x58326
 8.  U.S. EPA Design for the Environment Nail Salon Project: www.epa.gov/dfe/projects/salon/index.htm
 9.  US EPA  Small Business Gateway homepage:  www.epa.gov/smallbusiness/
 10. Community-Based Projects: www.epa.gov/air/toxicair/community.html
                               ul      tfi
HEALTHY   AIR:   A COMMUNITY AND BUSINESS  LEADERS GUIDE

-------