METHODS OF COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF
PLANKTON AND PERIPHYTON SAMPLES IN
THE WATER POLLUTION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
by
Cornelius I. Weber, Ph.D.
Reprint
June 1970
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Table of Contents
Page
I. Plankton
A. Collection 1
B. Preservation 1
C. Sedgvick-Rafter Phytoplankton Analysis 3
D. Diatom Species Proportional Analysis 6
E. Zooplankton Analysis 13
II. Periphyton
A. Collection 16
B. Preservation 16
C. Sample Preparation 16
D. Sedgwlck-Rafter Cell Analysis 18
E. Diatom Species Proportional Analysis 19
III. Appendix 20
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Figures
Page
1. Plankton Sample Bottles and Shipping Containers. 2
2. Filling the Sedgwick-Rafter Cell. 4
3. Sedgvrick-Rafter Strip Count. 5
k. Diatom Slide. 9
5. Settling Tube. 11
6. Lover Portion of a Settling Tube. 12
7. Zooplankton Counting Chamber. 14
8. Periphyton Sampler. 17
9« Periphyton Sample Bottle. 18
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METHODS OF COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF
PLANKTON AND FERIPHYTON SAMPLES IN
THE WATER POLLUTION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
I. Plankton
A. Collection
Plankton samples are obtained from water plant intakes.
* ' v ~ ~"~
or directly from lakes or rivers at a depth of 2 to.."15. feet.
The sample volume varies from 1 to 3 liters, depending on. the
types of analyses to be performed. One liter is sufficient for
a phytoplankton Sedgwick-Rafter count and diatom species anal-
ysis; a 3-liter sample is collected if a zooplankton count is
also to be made. The narrow-mouth polyethylene sample bottles
are shipped in individual, cushioned, fiberboard cartons
(Figure l), and contain MERTHIOLATE preservative when mailed
to the station. The bottles are accompanied by a sampling
date reminder, and a tag (Appendix) for the sampling data.
B. Preservation
The MERTHIOLATE preservative stock solution is prepared by
dissolving the following in 1 liter of distilled water:
1.0 gram of MERTHIOLATE (sodium ethyl-mercury thiosalicylate)
1.0 ml of aqueous saturated lodine-KI solution prepared by
dissolving 60 grams of KI and 40 grams of I2 in 1 liter
of distilled water
1.5 grams of Borax (sodium borate)
-------
^^!^^^^-^^:^^^^^'^^^^^?^^!^s'!vf^.
Figure 1. Plankton Sample Bottles and Shipping Containers,
To each plankton sample bottle shipped from our laboratory
sufficient volume of stock solution is added to provide 36 mg
of MERTHIOLATE, 5^ mg of Borax, and 1.3 mg of Iodine per liter
of water when the bottle is filled with sample. This preser-
vative effects excellent color retention and causes no morpho-
logical distortion. Although sterility is not achieved at this
concentration of MERTHIOLATE, samples may be stored on the shelf
at least 1 year without deterioration, Phytoplankton growth is
arrested at MERTHIOLATE concentrations as low as 2 mg per liter,
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-3-
but. gradual bacterial deterioration of the plankton occurs
at less than 10 ppm. The cost of preserving a 3-liter sample
Is approximately $0.02.
C. SedgvrLck-Rafter Phytoplankton Analysis
The plankton sample is mixed by inverting the sample
bottle no fever than seven times, and a 50- to 100-ml volume
is poured Immediately into a small beaker. The contents of
the beaker are well mixed by repeatedly filling and discharging
a 1-ml pipette. Then, without delay, the pipette is filled
with sample, and the liquid is directed diagonally across the
bottom of a Sedgwick-Rafter cell. (One-half of the chamber is
filled from each of the opposite corners - see Figure 2.) As
the chamber.fills, the cover glass rotates on the water film
and becomes aligned with the chamber. Excess water in and
around the chamber is removed with a blotter. After it is
filled, the counting chamber is placed on the microscope stage
and allowed to stand 15 minutes to permit the algae to settle
to the bottom.
If the phytoplankton are obscured by silt, a 1-ml aliquot
of sample is diluted 5 to 10 times with tap water and the cell
is refUled.
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Figure 2. Filling the Sedgwick-Rafter Cell.
The count is made by scanning two strips across the cell
(Figure 3) at 200X, each strip being the vidth of a Whipple
grid (approximately 0.^5 mm). Two longitudinal strips include
P
an area approximately twice 0.45 X 50 mm, or 45 mm . Since
the chamber is 1 mm deep, the total volume examined would be
0.0^5 ml. The bottom of the cell is divided into five sections
by transverse lines used as reference marks when scanning.
As the non-d'iatoms are counted, they are identified to
species, if possible, and tallied on a bench sheet (Appendix)
in one of the following categories: coccoid blue-green,
filamentous blue-green, coccoid green, filamentous green,
green flagellate, or other flagellated algae. Each solitary-
cell, or .latural group (colony) of cells, is tallied as one
* »
unit. If, during a count, 100 or more of a given alga are
•Dallied in the first section of t he Sedgwick-Rafter cell
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-5-
(a tenth of the total scanned area), the tally for this
organism is immediately converted to units per ml and the
alga is disregarded for the rest of the count. This pro-
cedure is followed whenever 100 or more of any organism are
tallied "before the count is nine-tenths complete.
t
•1
i
!i
i
i
i
i
= "*""" ~1
-*=*=•
r — """""^""i
-- -j-
'— u- — ^r.
LJI-----
-r -=" -^-_
- -->•
-S
'[
i
i
.}
•s.
—^
•—-*
,i —
>• strips
scanned
Figure 3. Sedgwick-Rafter Strip Count,
A cell count (not a unit count) is made of the diatoms,
which are tallied as live Gentries, centric shells (empty
frustules), live pennates, or pennate shells (empty frustules).
In practice, frustules containing any part of a protoplast are
tallied as live,
If a sample contains organisms so small they are difficult
to identify at 200X, a 10-ml aliquot is centrifuged and a wet
mount is examined at 970X. Those forms that cannot be identi-
fied with certainty are arbitrarily assigned to the category
considered most appropriate by the examining biologist.
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-6-
D. Diatom Species Proportional Analysis
Diatom species proportional counts are made from perma-
nent slides prepared from plankton concentrates obtained by
centrifugiiig aliquots of the samples. Routinely, a 100-ml
aliquot of a thoroughly mixed sample is centrifuged 20 minutes
at 1000 G, and the supernatant water is decanted with a suction
tube. Tests have shown that the diatoms are quantitatively
removed from the aliquot by centrifugation. The plankton
concentrate is poured into a disposable 3-dram vial, and the
station number, name, and date are written on the side of the
vial with a black, felt, marking pen. The vial is then
allowed to stand at least 2k hours before further processing.
All but a few milliliters of water are then withdrawn
from the vial with a suction tube. If the water contains more
than 1 gm of dissolved solids per liter, as in the case of
brackish water or marine samples, the salt crystals will obscure
the diatom frustules on the finished slides. In this case, the
concentration of salts, is reduced-by refilling the vial with
distilled .:W8Lte.r,- resus'pending the plankton, and allowing the
vial to stand. 2k hours before removing the supernatant liquid.
The dilution' is . repeated several times if necessary.
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-7-
The diatom slides are prepared as follows:
1. The plankton concentrate in a vial is thoroughly mixed
with a disposable pipette, and several drops are delivered to a
No. 1 circular, 18-mm coverglass. Twenty to 30 samples are
usually processed at one time by placing the coverglasses on a
piece of sheet metal, 5 X 10 X 1/8 inches.
2« The samples are dried on a hotplate at 95 C. (Caution:
overheating may cause splattering and cross-contamination of the
samples.)
3. When the material has dried, the coverglasses are
examined to determine if there is sufficient material for a
diatom count.
k* Steps No. 1 and 2 are repeated one or more times,
depending on the density of plankton and sediment in the vial.
5. The metal plate "bearing the coverglass is then heated
at approximately 1000 F for 30 minutes, (it is best to have
two hotplates; a low-temperature plate for drying, and a high-
temperature plate for incinerating.)
6. Using a No. 3 pencil, the frosted end of a 25- X 75-mm
microscope slide is labeled with the name of the river or lake,
the station name and number, and the sampling date (Figure k).
7- The labeled slide is then placed on a moderately warm
hotplate (250 F), a drop of Hyrax mounting medium (R. I. 1.65)
is placed in the center, and the slide is heated until the hyrax
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-8-
solvent (xylene) is driven off. When the solvent has
evaporated, the slide is ready to receive the coverglass.
One can determine when the solvent is gone by periodically
touching a dissection needle to the Hyrax on the slide and
allowing the needle to cool. The Hyrax will become hard
and brittle upon cooling. (The same hotplate used to dry
the plankton concentrate on the coverglass is used to
prepare the Hyrax on the slide.)
8. Grains of sand or other large objects on the cover-
glass should be removed with a dissection needle. The oil
immersion objective has a very small working distance, and
the slide may be unusable if this material is not removed.
9. While the coverglass and slide are still hot, the
coverglass is grasped with a tweezer, inverted, and placed
on the drop of melted Hyrax on the slide. Slight pressure
is applied to the coverglass with a cylindrical object
(e.g. pencil eraser), and the coverglass is centered on the
slide. It may be necessary to add Hyrax at the margin of the
coverglass.
10. Some.- additional bubbles of solvent vapor may appear
under.the coverglass when it is placed on the slide. When
the bubbling ceases, the slide is removed from the hotplate
and placed oh a firm, flat surface. Pressure is immediately
applied.to the coverglass as described in step No. 9 and
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-9-
malntained until the Hyrax cools and hardens (about 5 seconds).
Bubbles in the Hyrax are pressed out by moving the pencil
eraser around the edge of the coverglass.
11. A protective coating of clear lacquer is sprayed on
the frosted end of the slide.
12. The excess Hyrax is scraped from around the cover-
glass.
To begin the diatom count, the slide is scanned to locate
an area that is relatively free of silt and contains a moderate
density of diatoms. Lateral strips the width of the Whipple
grid are then examined (Figure 4), and all diatoms within the
borders of the grid are counted and identified to species
(see "bench sheet in Appendix).
Figure k. Diatom Slide.
If, before the count is completed, the lateral movement of
the slide brings the grid Image to the edge of the coverglass
or to an area of dense sediment, the slide is shifted up or
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-10-
down and the count is continued in another strip. Small
cell fragments are ignored.
In a typical diatom analysis, 200 to 300 diatom cells
are identified and tallied on the bench sheet. However, if
the slide has a scarcity of diatoms, dictated by the lack
of material in the sample, the analysis is limited to the
number of cells encountered in ^5 minutes of scanning. If
the generic or specific determination of a diatom cannot
be made, it is recorded as unknown. When the count is
completed, the tallies are totaled, and the percentages of
the four most abundant species are calculated and recorded.
If the plankton counts are less than 500 per ml, the
centrifugation method may not provide enough diatom material
to prepare a countable slide. In this case the diatoms may
be concentrated from a larger volume of sample (l liter) by
allowing them to settle out. However, caution must be
exercised in the use of this method because it does not
quantitatively remove diatom cells smaller than lOji in
diameter in less than Ik- days' settling; consequently, this
method can only be used safely and economically for samples
with large forms of diatoms.
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•-11-
Figure 5. Settling Tube.
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-12-
Gravity drainage
to this level
Level I
Level II
Level III
Level IV
Figure 6. Lover Portion of a Settling Tube.
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-13-
In the settling method, the sample is thoroughly mixed
and approximately 1 liter is poured into a cylinder (Figure
5). After kQ hours the cylinder is emptied through a side
port, the drain valve and stopper are removed, and the water
is lowered to level I (Figure 6) by use of a small suction
tube introduced through the drain port. The cylinder is
then swirled to loosen the deposits on the shoulder at the
lower end and allowed to stand 1 hour to permit the plankton
to resettle. The water is then lowered to level II, and the
cylinder is again swirled and allowed to stand 1 hour. The
process is repeated until the sediment has been deposited
in the vial. The vial is then removed, and a diatom slide
is prepared as described above.
E. Zoopiankton Analysis
Rotifers and micro-crustacea are quantitatively removed
from the samples by settling 1 liter of sample 2k hours in
the cylinder as described in the preceding paragraph. If
more than a half inch of sediment collects in the vial, it
may be necessary to dilute the concentrate before the counts
can be made. The turbidity in sample vials containing lesser
amounts of solids can be removed by using the following method:
a. After standing 15 minutes, three-quarters of the
water above the sediment is withdrawn with a suction
tube.
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b. The vial is refilled with tap water, inverted
several times, and allowed to settle 15 minutes.
c. Steps a and b are repeated as many times as
necessary to obtain a countable sample.
The zooplankton concentrate is then brought to a volume
of 8 ml, mixed well, and the entire sample is placed in a
counting chamber 80 X 50 X 2 mm (Figure ?), using the same
technique described for filling a Sedgwick-Rafter cell.
Figure 7. Zooplankton Counting Chamber.
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-15-
Botlfers
Ten strips across the chamber are scanned at 100X
(a fifth of the chamber)> and the rotifers are identified
to genus. If no rotifers are encountered in the strips,
a zero count is recorded. If a tally of 100 is reached
for any genus before the count is nine-tenths complete,
the tally of that genus is discontinued at the end of the
strip being counted, and that count is multiplied by a
factor to convert it to organisms per liter.
Crustacea
Nauplii are enumerated at the time of the rotifer count.
Adult copepods, cladocera, and other large forms are enumer-
ated under a binocular dissecting microscope at 20X by scanning
the entire contents of the zooplankton cell. Crustacea are
identified to genus only.
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-16-
II. Periphyton
A. Collection
The sampler consists of a styrofoam float approximately
12 X 12 X 2 inches, which supports a central plexiglass cradle
holding 1- X 3-inch glass microscope slides (Figure 8).
Generally, two slides are exposed at each station for 2 weeks.
However, the exposure time may vary, depending upon arrange-
ments made with local cooperating personnel. At the end of
the exposure period, the slides are removed from the sampler,
placed in a 3-ounce bottle containing approximately 70 ml of
5$ formalin, and shipped to our laboratory. A bottle contain-
ing preservative, a sample data tag (see Appendix), and clean
slides are mailed to the station in advance of the collection
of the sample (Figure 9)» The mailing container is supplied
with a franked, return address label.
B. Preservation
A 5% formalin solution is prepared by diluting technical
grade formaldehyde solution (31% HCHO) -with-distiHed.water.
C. Sample Preparation
With a razor blade, the periphyton is scraped from the
slides into the 3-ounce sample bottle, and preservative is
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-17-
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-18-
added to bring the total volume to 90 ml• At this time, 5 to
8 ml of the sample is poured into a disposable 3-cLram vial and
set aside for diatom slide preparation.
Figure 9« Periphyton Sample Bottle,
D. Sedgvrick-Rafter Cell Analysis
After thoroughly mixing the sample by repeatedly filling
and discharging a straight-sided pipette (inside diatmeter
3 mm) in the bottle, 1 ml is transferred to a Sedgwick-Rafter
cell, and a strip count is made. The counting procedure is
same as that outlined in the plankton section, except that a
cell count is made of all organisms (see bench sheet in Appendix).
If the organisms are too concentrated to permit a direct count,
a 1-ml aliquot is diluted to 5 ml, and the material is placed in
the Sedgwick-Rafter cell. Further dilution is occasionally
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-19-
necessary. The scrapings may contain clumps of cells, even
after the sample is thoroughly shaken. This may result in
a more uneven distribution of material in the counting cell
than occurs with the plankton samples, but it cannot .be
entirely avoided.
E. Diatom Species Proportional Analysis
The same procedures (and bench sheet) used for the
preparation and counting of plankton diatoms are used to
process the periphyton samples, except that a chemical
treatment is frequently used to separate the aggregates
(colonies) of diatoms into Individual cells. In this case
the intercellular gelatinous matrix is digested with the
oxidant, potassium persulfate (KpSpOo). Prior to the
oxidation step, the formalin solution is decanted .from the
diatom sample vial with a suction tube. A 5% KpSpOg solution
is added, and the sample is heated to 95°C for at least 30
minutes. The sample is then allowed to cool and settle for
2k hours. The KpSpOo solution is decanted with a suction
tube, and the vial is refilled with distilled water and
allowed to stand 2k hours, A wrinirmnn of three changes of
distilled water are necessary to remove enough of the residual
salt from the sample so that a crystalline layer does not form
vhen the material is dried on the coverglass.
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- 20 -
APPENDIX
Page
. Plankton tag, sampling reminder, and periphyton tag. 21
2. Phytoplankton Sedgwick-Rafter bench sheet. 22
3. Zooplankton analysis bench sheet, 23
4. Diatom analysis bench sheet. 24
5. Periphyton Sedgwick-Rafter bench sheet. 25
6. STORE! code for Sedgwick-Rafter plankton analysis. 26
7. STORE! code for diatom species proportional analysis. 27
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-21 -
WATER POLLUTION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
101k Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio
PLANKTON SAMPLE
River
Station
Date
Collected by
NOTICE
Whenever possible, plankton samples should be
collected during the first full week of each
month. This sample bottle should be filled
and shipped during the week of
Extra bottles that accumulate because of missed
samples should be returned empty to the Water
Pollution Surveillance System (formerly the
National Water Quality Network) in Cincinnati.
WATER POLLUTION SURVLILLANCE SYSTEM
1014 Broadway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
PERIPHYTON SAMPLE
River
Station
Date In Date Out.
Collected By mmmm
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River or Laka
Station
State
- 22 -
PrfYTOPLANKTON SEDGWICK-RATTER DATA
Date Analyzed
Analyzed by
Station No.
Date
Collected
CODE
ORGANISM
TALLY
Units/ml
Total coccold blue -green algae .
TotaJ. filamentous blue -green algae
"•
TOTALS
(Units/ml)
f
/
\
/
Total coccoid green algae-
r—h
Total filamentous green algae <
Total green flaj
zellates-<
Total other pignented flagellates-<
\
k '
/•
^
Gentries
Cells/ml
Pennates
Calls/ml
Mos1
Abui
Alg
t
idant
ic Shells
Live
Centric
Meloa.
Tota
Dlatoi
Others
OS
Totals
Cells/ml
L live centric diatoms-<
Pennate Diatoms Cells/ml
Empty shells
Live cells
/
Total live pennate dlatom8<'
— ,. S-R Factor
r
Remarks
POTAL LIVE ALGj
(Units/ml)
•I.
I
First check_
Recorded
STORET form
STORET form checked
NL-C-14
(5-66)
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- 23 -
ZOOPLANKTON ANALYSIS
CODE
11
02
17
ai
22
ORGAKISM
R<7T.LH2tA
Keratella
Brachlonu*
Polyarthra
Synchaeta
Trlchocera
TAIXT
C/LITER
Total Rotifers per llter-<
51
52
53
CLADOCERA
Bocalna
Daphaia
Moina
Ceriodaphnia
COPEPODA
50
76
77
Nauplil
Cyclops &
related genera
Dlaptomus
Total Cruatacea per liter-"
HEMATODE3(per liter)
OTHER rHVERTEBRATES : (per liter)
/
\
S
\
Moat
Abundant
Rotifers
Most
Abundant
Crustacea
Factor
Analyzed by
Date Analyzed
Diatom Percent Abundance
fPron diatom bench sheet)
Code to.
Species
Percentage
1st
2nd
3rd
Uth
NL-C-14
(b-66)
Percent others
Total #or species
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- 24 -
DIATOM AHALT3IS
River Station
Live Gentries Dead Gentries
Live Pennates Dead Ptnnat-«
S_p rVvnnt
State
Station ITunber
Date Collected
Analyzed by
Date Analyzed
Counting Tine
Species
Cos c Inodls cus
Cyclotrlla
Heneghlnlana
Meloelra
amblgua
Total
granulata
1
dlstans i
I
Rhlzoaolenla
*" Stephanodlacufl
hantzschll
Invlsltatua
astrea mlnutula
Other crntrics
Achnanthes
Amphlprora
Amphora
Asterlon^lla fornoaa
Calonels
CocconelB
,
Cynatopleura
f Cynbella
1 .
....
s - •
f Diatoms vulgare
1 " " -•'•" '.., •' ''
Dl plohc 1 a . 8ml thl'l
Eplthemla .
-' •
Eunotla. - ••. - .
. ' KIHST SECOHD THIRD FOUOTH
%
Code. - Pe™etA
others
% "
Bo. speclea..
Specie*
TragUarla crotonenals
conatruens
f PruBtulla
Coophoneaa
Total
*
f Oompnonele : I
[Cyroalgna
(Merldlon clrciC.'vrr
Savlcula
ntltZBChla
i i
i
i
i
t i i
Plnnularla
.,
fpleuroslBBa j
[Rholcoaphenla curvata
fStauronals
I
(Rhopalodla
'Surlrella
Synedra
ulna
acua
Tabellarla j
fenestrata
flocculoea
f
C
PemarXsr Total count
1
Nt-C-li
(6-*>'>)
-------
NC-L-32
5-69
River or Lake
Station
State
- 25 -
PER1PHYTON SEDGW1CK-RAFTER'CELL COUNTS
' Inclusive Dates
Date Analyzed
Analyzed by
CODE ORGAN EM
Tally
Cells/mm^
TOTALS
t(*f 1 1 0 /nvn2\
/
Total coceold blue-green algae
Total Filmentoufl blue-green algae
Total eoecold green algae
Total Filamentous green algae
Total green flagellates
Other coccoid algae
d
<
\
Other pigmented flagellaten
Fil«m«ntoua bacteria «nd fungi
(
Frotoxo*
Gentries Calls/am2 Most
abundant
algae
Centric Dlatona
Pennates Cells/ing'-
Centric ahells
Lire Gentries
Tally
Cells/ran2
I
| ,
Total live centric diatccia/
Pennate Diatoms
Pennate sheila
Live penmates
Total live j?ennabe diatoms^
S-R Factor
Preservative
No. slides collected
Area ecraped
Scrapjjigs diluted to
TOTAL PERIPHYTON
(cella/™2)
REMARKS:
First check
Recorded
STORET for
STORET form checked
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STORE! Code for Sedgwtck-Raf
Most Abundant C-anera of Algae
Code Kay to Counts per ml.
1 150 tex 300
_2 301 to 600
3 601 to 1,200
4 1,201 to 2,400
5 2,401 to 4,800
6 4,801 to 9,600
7 9,601 to 19,200
8 19,201 to 38,400
9 38,401 to/or over
Genera of ROTIFERS
Kay to counts per liter
1 5 to 10
2 11 to 20
3 21 to 40
4 41 to 80
5 81 to 160
6 161 to 320
7 321 to 640
8 641 to 1,680
9 1,681 and over
Genera of CRUSTACEA
Kay to counts per liter
1 3 to 5
2 6 to 10
3 11 to 20
4 21 to 40
5 41 and over
rode to GENERA OP ALGAE
(Producers)
Blue-green algae
01 AgTaenellum (Merismopedia)
02 Anacystis (Microcystis)
03 Anacystis
04 Coccochloris
05 Gomphospbaeria
06,07,08 Reserve
09 Other genus
10 Other genus
nisr.entous blue-greens
11 Anabaena
12 Aphanizomenon
13 Arthrospira
14 Lyngby.i
15 Oscillatoria
16 Phonnidlun
17 Raphidiopais
18 Spirultna
19,20,21 Reserve
22 Other genus
23 Other genus
Coccoid green algae_
24 Actinastrum
25 Anklstrodssmua
26 Chlorella-type
27 Chlorococcum
28 Closteriua
29 Coelastrum
30 Crucigenia
31 Dictyosphaeriun
32 Golenkinia
33 Lagerhsizaia
34 Micractinium
35 Oocystis
36 Palmellococcus
37 Pediastrum
38 Scenedesmus
39 Staurastrum
40 Tetradesmus
41 .Tetrastrum
42,43 Reserve
44 Other genus
45 Other genus
Filamentous green algae
46 Cladophora
47 Stichococcus
48 StigeocIonium
49 Reserve
50 Other genus
lankton Analysis
Green Flagellates 83 Diploneis
51 Chlamydomonas 84 FragLlarta
including Carteria 85 Gonphonema
52 Euglena
53 Lepocinclis
54 Pandorina
55 Phacotus
56 Phacus
57 Trachelononas
58 Reserve
59 Other genus
86 Gyrosigma
87 Navicula
88 Nitzschia
89 Pleurosigma
90 Rhoicosphenia
91 Surirella
92 Synedra
93 Tabellarla
94,9$,96 Reserve
97 Other genus
98 Other genus
99 Other genus
Code to
MICBOHr/ERTEaRATES
01 Asplanchna
02 Brachionus
(also Platylas)
03 Collotheoa
04 Cephalodella
(with chromatophores) 05 Chromogaster
Other Plgcented
Flagellates
60 Chrooulina
61 Dlnobryon
62 Gymnodiniura
63 Peridinium
64 Reserve
65 Other genus
Diatoms
Centric
66 Biddulphia
67 Coscinodiscus
68 Cyclotella
69 Melosira
70 Rhizosolenia
71 Stephanodiscus
72 Other genus
Pennate
73 Achnanthes
74 Amphiprora
75 Amphora
76 Anomoeoneis
77 Asterionella
78 Caloneis
79 Cocconeia
80 Cymatopleura
81 Cymbella
82 Diatoma
06 Euchlanis
07 Filinia
08 Gastropus
09 Eexarthra
(also Pedalia)
10 Kellicottia
11 Keratella
12 Lepadella
13 Monostyla
(also Lecane)
14 Notholca
15 Philodina
and similar
contracted
bdelloids
16 Ploesoma
17 Polyarthra
18 Pompholyx
19 Proalea
20 Rotaria
21 Synchaeta
22 Trichocerca
21 to 45 Reserve
46 Other genus
47 Other genus
48 Other genus
49 Other genus
Cladocerana
50 Tiauplii
51 Bosmina and
related genera
52 Daphnia and
related genera
53 Motna
54 Polyphemus
55 to 72 Reserve
73 Other genus
74 Other genus
75 Other genus
Copepods
76 Cyclops,
Euclops, and
Paracyclops
77 Diaptomus
78 to 97 Reserve
98 Other genus
99 Other genus
XX Insignificant
or population
inadequate
Si
o>
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- 27 -
STORET Code for Diatom Species Proportional Analysis
Species
01 Achnnnthes lanceolate
02 Achnanthca tninutlsslma
03 Achnanthcs sp.
04 Amphiprora paludosa
05 Amphiprora sp.
06 Amphora ov.tlis
07 Amphora sp.
08 Anomoconcls cxllis
09 Astcrionella formoaa
10 Bacillaria paradoxa
11 Biddulphia lacvis
12 Caloncls nmphisbnena
13 Caloneis sp.
14 Ceratoneis arcus
15 Cocconeis peduculua
16 Cocconeis placcntula
Ik7 Cocconeia sp.
R) Coscinodlscus rothll
U9 Coacinodiscun (brackish)
20 Coscinodiscuo sp.
21 Cymntopleura eolea
22 Cymitosira belglca
23 Cyclotella atomus
24 Cyclotella comta
25 Cyclotella kutzlngiana
26 Cyclotella mcneghiniana
27 Cyclotella pseudostelligera
28 Cyclotella stclligera
29 Cyclotella striata
30 Cyclotella ep.
31 Cywbclla ventricosa
32 Cymbclla tumida
33 Cymbella ap.
34 Dcnticula sp.
35 Dlatoma elongatum
36 Dintoma vulgare
37 Diatoma sp.
38 Diploneio smithii
39 Dlploncis sp.
40 Epithcmla turglda
41 Epithcmla sorex
42 Eplthcmta ap.
43 Eunotla sp. (first)
44 Eunotia sp. (second)
|b5 Fragllaria capucina
•6 Frngilaria conatruene
47 Fragilaria crotonenaio
48 Fragilaria pirmata
49 Fragilaria ap.
50 Fruatulia sp.
Code
Nunhcr Species .
51 Gomphonemi olivnccum
52 Comphoncr'a sp.. ", - .
53 Gyros ipm.i kutzingl'l •
54 Gyrosif>roa ap.. . •-•-:-'
•55 Hant/.nchia 'amphioxys
56 Mclosira amblgiia . . .
57 Mcloalra distans var. alpigena
58 Melopira granulata
59 Helooirn blnderana
60 tlolosira islandica
61 Melooira italica
62 Mclo.slra varians
63 Mcridion clrculare
64 Navicula cryptocephala
65 Navlcula sp. (first)
66 Navicula sp. (oecond)
67 Nltzachia aclcularis
68 Nitr.schia tryblionella
69 Nitzschia dcnticula
70 Nitr.schia (Lanceolatae group)
71 Nitr.ochia sp. (firot)
72 Nitzr.chia sp. (second)
73 Opcphora sp.
74 Pinnularia sp.
75 Plcurosigma delicatulum
76 Rhoicoaphenia curvata
77 Rhizoaolenia erlensis
78 Rhopalodia gibba
79 Rliopalodia sp.
80 Stcphonodiscus astraea var. mlnutula
81 Stcphanodiocus dubius
82 Steph.-mbdlscus hantzschii
83 Stcphanodiscus niagarae
84 Stcphanodiscus sp.
85 Surirelia brlghtwelll
86 Surirelia ovata
87 Surirelia striatula
88 Surirelia sp.
89 Syncdra acus
90 •Synedra pulchella
91 .Synedra nana
92 Synedra ulna
93 . Syncdra vaucheriae
94 Syncdra sp.
95 Tabcllaria feneatrata
96 Tabcllaria flocculosa
97 Any entity not found above (first)
98 Any entity not found above (second)
99 Reserved for future entity
XX Insignificant or population
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