COMPARATIVE STUDY
on
THE EUTROPHICATION
of
LAKE SEBASTICOOK, MAINE
1965, 1971-1973
United States
Environmental
Protection Agency
Region I
JOHN F. KENNEDY FEDERAL BUILDING - GOVERNMENT CENTER - BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02203
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COMPARATIVE STUDY
on
THE EUTRQPHICATION
of
LAKE SEBASTICOOK, MAINE
1965, 1971-1973
by
P. M. Nolan
A. F. Johnson
U, S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION I
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS
APRIL 1975
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LAKE SEBASTICOOK, MAINE
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION I
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
SUMMARY 1
CONCLUSIONS 3
INTRODUCTION 4
History 4
Conduct of Study 5
Sampling Procedures 5
BIOLOGY 8
Benthic Invertebrates 8
Algae 10
Chlorophyll a_ 12
NUTRIENTS 13
Summary (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) 13
Sediments 18
Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratios 19
Discussion (Nutrients) 19
vertical Profiles,. Cha, pH, Temp., D.O. 24
RECOMMENDATIONS 25
BIBLIOGRAPHY 27, 28
TABLES - 29 - 40
APPENDIX 41, 42-A-l-
67 A-26
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page^
1 Lake Sebasticook, Maine - Sampling 29
Stations 1965 - 1973
2 Benthic Organisms - Lake Sebasticook, 30, 31
Maine - May 31, 1972
3 Benthic Organisms - Lake Sebasticook, 32
Maine - May 30, 1973
4 Benthic Organisms - Lake Sebasticook, 33
and Lake Wassookeag, Maine
July 31 - Aug. 1, 1973
5 Benthic Organisms - Lake Sebasticook, 34
Maine - Nov. 17, 1971
6 Midgeflies - Sludgeworms Average Per Sq. 35
Ft. Lake Sebasticook, Maine 1965 - 1973
7 Lake Sebasticook, Maine - Algae Count 36
(Average) Per Milliter - 1965 - 1973
8 East Branch Sebasticook River, Maine 37
Algae Count Per Milliter
1965, 1971 - 1973 (Comparable Stations)
9 Lake Sebasticook, Maine 38
Chlorophyll a_, Micrograms Per Liter
10 Lake Sebasticook, Maine 39
Sediments Nitrogen/Phosphorus Ratios
11 Lake Sebasticook, Maine 40
Sediments, Phosphorus and Nitrogen
% Dry Weight
11
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
1 Lake Sebasticook Sampling Station 6
Locations - 1965 and 1973
2 Lake Sebasticook Tributaries 7
Sampling Station Locations
1965 and 1973
3 Seasonal Averages - Lake Sebasticook, 15
Maine - Total Phosphorus, Total
Kjeldahl Nitrogen
4 East Branch Sebasticook River - 16
Seasonal Average Total Phosphorus
5 East Branch Sebasticook River 17
Seasonal Average Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen
6 Lake Sebasticook - July 31, Aug. 1, 26
1973 Mean Chlorophyll a_ - pH -
Temperature - Dissolved Oxygen Vs.
Mean Water Depth
111
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SUMMARY
A technical study was conducted from November 1971 to August 1973
to assess eutrophication of Lake Sebasticook at Newport, Maine and to
measure progress versus work conducted in 1965. Selected biological
and chemical parameters are compared on a seasonal and yearly basis.
Average total phosphorus values are higher during the 1971-1973
survey than during 1965. Station EB-01 at the outlet of Corundel Lake
(Station 3) is of special interest because of the higher total phos-
phorus average of 0.15 mg/1 compared to 0.07 mg/1 average of 1965.
This indicates the possibility of the discharge of additional municipal
and/or industrial waste from the Dexter vicinity or a non point dis-
charge since 1965. Total phosphorus concentration has increased in
Lake Sebasticook to approximately 0.08 mg/1 in 1971-1972 and approxi-
mately 0.10 for 1973, up from 0.05 mg/1 in 1965. This is considered
hypereutrophic according to recent data from the National Eutrophication
Survey.
Less nitrogen is present in the inlet water of the East Branch of
the Sebasticook River and in the water column and sediment of Lake
Sebasticook now than in 1965. Denitrification of aquatic systems is
known to occur when photosynthetic activity of algae causes high
alkaline levels in warm eutrophic lakes, and sediments have low con-
centrations of oxygen. However, denitrification is a complex process
that is still inadequately understood and its explanation is not
attempted in this report.
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Two kinds of pollution tolerant benthic fauna, tubificid worms
and midgefly larvae, were dominant in 1972 and 1973 as in 1965.
Further degradation of bottom sediments is indicated by the smaller
number of pollution tolerant organisms present in 1972 (14 per sq.
ft.) and in 1973 (3 per sq. ft.) compared to 1965 (35 per sq. ft.).
Excessive algal growths similar to the 1965 eutrophic conditions
for Lake Sebasticook are indicated when overall average chlorophyll a
values and algal counts for 1971 to 1973 of 11.26 ug/1 and 11,715
cells/ml respectively are compared with 11.63 ug/1 chlorophyll a_ and
11,354 cells/ml for 1965. The extent of enrichment is apparent when
Sebasticook is compared to the nonfertilized water of Lake Wassookeag
with a 1973 chlorophyll -a value of 0.38 ug/1 and cell counts of
467/ml.
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Conclusions
1. Phosphorus input to Lake Sebasticook from the East Branch of
the Sebasticook River is still too high to reverse Sebasticook from a
eutrophic state to a non-eutrophic state.
2. Lake bed sediments and riverbed sludges are a significant
source of phosphorus in Sebasticook. -
3. Nitrogen overall is lower within the immediate Sebasticook
system and the data suggests a denitrification process within the lake.
4. Benthic animal populations are sparse and consist only of
sludge worms and red midges.
5. Algae continues to be a problem, however, some seasonal
improvements are noted.
6. All parameters taken collectively describe Lake Sebasticook
as eutrophic.
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INTRODUCTION
History
Lake Sebasticook at Newport, Maine was studied in 1965 by
Mackenthun 1966 Get al) to determine the extent and cause of
excessive fertilization of the lake. Eutrophication of the lake was
confirmed by the volume of blue-green algae, noxious odors, low or
absent dissolved oxygen in the deeper waters, high phosphorus and
nitrogen concentrations and a lake bed associated animal population
composed dominantly of midge larvae and sludgeworms. Fertilization
of Lake Sebasticook was determined to be caused principally by
nutrients contained in domestic and industrial wastes discharged to
the East Branch of the Sebasticook River at Dexter and Corinna,
Maine.<1} <2)
Subsequent to the 1965 study one major source of phosphorus
pollution, a potato processing plant, to Lake Sebasticook burned down.
The town of Corinna constructed and now has in operation a secondary
waste treatment plant (WWTP) with a designed level of treatment
capable of 85-95% BOD and solids removal. Phosphorus removal up to
30% can be expected from a plant of this design. The WWTP is designed
to receive a volume of 1.2 mgd which breaks down to 1 mgd from East-
land Woolen Mills and 0.2 mgd from the town of Corinna. The town of
Dexter upstream of Corinna on the East Branch of the Sebasticook River
does not have a waste treatment facility and domestic and industrial
wastes are discharged directly to the river. Being considered are two
alternatives for waste water treatment for Dexter, either construction
of a new WWTP or a tie-in with the plant in Corinna, after modification.
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With the elimination of one major source of phosphorus pollution
and the implementation and operation of waste treatment facilities, a
technical study was undertaken by the Region I Division of Surveillance
and Analysis, Biology Section to make an up-to-date assessment of Sebas-
ticook to determine if the lake is demonstrating signs of recovery from
the advanced eutrophic state reported in 1965. The program was initiated
in November 1971 (autumn) and continued on a quarterly basis for the
winter and spring quarters of 1972 and the spring and summer quarters of
1973.
Conduct of Study
Sample station locations Figure 1 and 2 are the sampling locations
used for the 1971-1973 study. These stations on Lake Sebasticook and
on the East Branch of the Sebasticook River are contiguous with stations
designated in 1965 by Mackenthun. In the summer of 1973 Lake Wassookeag
was sampled as a control and samples of substrate were obtained upstream
of the mouth of the East Branch Sebasticook River to determine the
nutrient potential in the river bottom. The 1965 reference stations are
listed below those symbols used in 1971-1973, Figures 1 and 2. Table 1
indicates the approximate station locations in terms of longitude and
latitude.
Sampling Procedures
Water samples were collected from boats, bridges or through drilled
ice holes using a Kemmerer water sampler. The lake samples were collected
at three depths and the tributary samples were collected from one depth.
Benthic sediment samples for biological and chemical analysis were collected
using a Petersen grab sampler. All samples were preserved and analyzed,
according to standard procedures. C3»4>~5)
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MULLIGAN
STREAM
EAST BRANCH
SEBASTICOOK RIVER
STETSON STREAM.
1/2
MILES
AREA: 4,288 ACRES
6 SAMPLE STATION
00 I DEPTH CONTOURS IN
LAKE SEBASTICOOK
SAMPLING STATION LOCATIONS
1965 AND 1973
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LWOI
LAKE
WASSOOKCAG
LW03
LW02
\,\\co
MOOS£HF.
MILL POND
LAKE SEBASTICOOK TRIBUTARIES
SAMPLING STATION LOCATIONS
1965 AND 1973
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flOUftl *
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BIOLOGY
Benthic invertebrates
Bottom muds were sampled in 1971, 1972 and 1973 (Table 1) (Figure 1)
to make a comparison of benthic animals with the 1965 survey findings.
Fine, soft, black mud at Stations LS01 through LS05 (Tables 2 and 3) had
sparse populations of midgefly larvae (Chironomus riparius) and sludge-
worms (Tubificidae). An average of 35 organisms per square foot, 57%
midgefly larvae and 43% sludgeworms, were found during the May, 1965
survey. Similar benthic populations existed six years later (Nov. 1971)
with an average of 44 organisms per square foot, 25% midgefly larvae and
72% sludgeworms, and May 1972 with an average of 14 organisms per square
foot, 54% midgefly larvae and 46% sludgeworms (Table 6). Special charac-
teristics of the blood of both animals facilitate extraction of dissolved
oxygen from oxygen deficient environments. The midgefly, Chironomus rip-
arius , has two pairs of finger-like anal gills for greater aid in the
respiratory process.
Three stations were selected in May, 1972 (LS06, LS07, LS08) near
river and stream inlets' for benthic invertebrates analysis of shallow
areas (average depth 6 feet compared to 40 feet for Stations LS01 through
LS05).
Soft mud at Station LS06 near the mouth of Mulligan Stream supported
a variety of 6 kinds of life, pollution tolerant sludgeworms dominated
the benthic life on this polluted substrate (Table 3). LS06 is in the
general area of the inlet of the E.B. Sebasticook River.
Water of apparent poor quality flows over the hard, gravel and sand
substrate at Station LS07 near the mouth of the East Branch of the
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Sebasticook River as it supported a scant population of only 18 animals
per square foot and was lacking the clean water mayflies and caddisflies.
Living on the gravel and sand bottom of Station LS08 leading into
Stetson Arm and Stetson Stream were a great variety of benthic fauna,
14 kinds, and greater numbers, 280 bottom organisms per square foot,
including pollution sensitive forms such as caddisflies, mayflies,
planarians, hydrozoans, ostracods and cladocerans.
Organic nutrients have not accumulated on this hard substrate as
flow from Pleasant Lake by route of Stetson Stream contributes water of
good quality which enables a diverse population of benthic animals to
survive. The bottom fauna on the natural substrate of Stetson Arm
(Station LS08) contributes a food source that would support a sport
fishery and is the only area of the lake where fishermen were observed
during the May, 1972 survey. In contrast, environmental degradation of
bottom sediments caused by excessive build-up of organic nutrients at
Stations LS01-LS06 and the poor water quality at Station LS07 is
indicated by the presence of pollution tolerant benthos and their paucity
of numbers.
The hard substrate of Station LS07 (50% gravel, 50% sand) with
7 feet of water is similar to the hard substrate of Station LS08 (50%
gravel, 50% sand) with six feet of water. A slow water current flows
over these stations.
Benthos was sampled in 1973 (Stations LS01-LS05) with the average
number of organisms for the month of May being 18 per sq. ft. and July
being 3 per square foot. Two control stations in Lake Wassookeag
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(LW02 and LW03) in August 1973 yielded 137 organisms per square foot
(Tables 4, 5 and 6).
Strong hydrogen sulphide odors were detected in bottom sediments
and a depleted oxygen level of 0.6 parts per million in the lower depths
of Lake Sebasticook during the July-August 1973 survey which indicates
active biological decomposition and an environment that is close to
being saprobic thereby eliminating most aquatic animal life.
A total of 17 pollution tolerant sludgeworms and midgefly larvae
(Chironomus riparius) were collected in July from five stations in Lake
Sebasticook (Stations LS01-LS05) which averaged 33 feet in depth, in
comparison, one control station in oligotrophic Lake Wassookeag (LW03)
supported 103 organisms consisting of sludgeworms and clean water midge-
flies (Anatopynia sp.) in the profundal zone. Mayflies and an alderfly
were found at a depth of approximately 30 feet.
The soft mud substrate of control station LW02 (Aug. 1973) at a
water depth of 7 feet supported a variety of 13 clean water forms of
life. A comparable station in Lake Sebasticook (LS06) with a soft mud
bottom at a water depth of 6 feet (May 1972) had 6 kinds of life dominated
by pollution tolerant sludgeworms (Table 3 and 5).
Algae
Increased availability of phosphorus resulted in algal blooms causing
the "green paint" covering the rock along the shoreline and the "pig-pen"
odors reported in the 1966 report. Excessive algal growths have con-
tinued into the 1971-1973 survey periods and the rock along the shoreline
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were observed to have a dark green color; however, odors of decaying
algae were not noticed.
The seasonal averages for algal counts for all Lake Sebasticook
stations at the five foot, 15-30 foot and 30-55 foot depths for three
surveys in 1965 and for four surveys from February 1972 to July 1973
are listed in Table 7 for comparison purposes. Averages were determined
at the five foot depth for all surveys rather than surface counts due
to piling up of surface algae from wind and wave action. The effect of
piling is considered significant but not representative of uniform lake
conditions in this case.
Climatological variation during the year, i.e., temperature, light
intensity, cloud cover, and wind can cause variation in algae 'populations
for different months at different vertical depths; however, when compared,
algae counts for the spring and summer surveys at all depths in 1965 of
11,300 algae per milliter are similar to the spring and summer averages
for 1973 of 11,700 algae per milliter.
To contrast again, the Lake Wassookeag control has a sparse phyto-
plankton population of 467 algae per milliter for the 1973 summer survey.
This reflects upon the eutrophism of Lake Sebasticook which is attributed
to the high phosphorus concentrations noted in the section on nutrients.
High algal counts in the East Branch of the Sebasticook River are
noted downstream of Dexter at Station EB01 (8,500 per milliter) and below
Corinna at Station EB02 (20,600 per milliter). A substantially higher
average was recorded in 1965 for Station EB02 (Station 5 in 1965) of
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99,000 per milliter (Table 8). This massive algal growth could have
resulted from the surface matting and subsequent shoreline decay of
algae observed during the 1965 survey of Lake Sebasticook, but was not
evidenced during the 1971-1973 surveys.
Chlorophyll a_
In general, chlorophyll present in a lake increases as the lake
becomes more eutrophic and supports greater algal populations. In Table
9, the averaged chlorophyll a^ values exhibit considerable variation at
different depths, from season to season during a year, and from season
to season for different years, due probably to thermal stratification,
temperature, light intensity, availability of nutrients, etc.; but the
seasonal and yearly averages for all depths and stations show a similar
chlorophyll a. average value during 1965 as in the period from 1971 to
1973.
The chlorophyll a_ averages, from the upper, middle and lower depths
(0-5', 10-25', 30-55') from all stations for 1965 (summer and fall), of
11.63 ug/1 are similar to the summer (1973) and fall (1971) chlorophyll a_
average of 11.68 ug/1 in Lake Sebasticook. Overall, the average lake
chlorophyll a concentration of 11.63 ug/1 is similar to the average Ch a_
concentration (11.26 ug/1) recorded for the 1971 to 1973 period. From
this it is deduced that the relative amount of algal standing crop in
Lake Sebasticook shows no change in the period since 1965.
The unfertilized waters of Lake Wassookeag, Lake Sebasticook1s
principle headwater source, has a summer 1973 chlorophyll a_ average
value of 0.38 ug/1.
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NUTRIENTS
Chemical parameters which are commonly associated with eutrophication
were sampled for five seasons; November 1971, February 1972, May 1972,
1973 and July 1973. The results of the analysis for the samples are
listed in the Appendix.
Two parameters, total phosphorus (TP) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen
(TKN) are discussed here as a means for comparison with data generated
in 1965. Both Lake Sebasticook and the East Branch Sebasticook River are
assessed in this manner to determine changes and make evaluations relative
to eutrophication. The TKN values as reported for 1965 are the sum of the
extrapolated organic nitrogen and ammonia (TKN=Org N+NH3).
Summary (Nitrogen and Phosphorus)
The histograms (Figures 3, 4, 5) summarize the data for TKN and TP
for the fall, winter, spring and summer seasons. Total phosphorus in
Lake Sebasticook for the fall of 1971 is approximately 2.5 times greater
than the comparable season in 1965. In the winter of 1972 TP is 1.5
times greater than in 1965. For the spring of 1973 the total phosphorus
is approximately 1.5 times greater than.those values reported for 1972
and 1965 with the 1972 and 1965 values being approximately equal. The
1973 summer values for total phosphorus again exceed those values for
1965 by approximately 1.5 times.
Total phosphorus for the East Branch of the Sebasticook River
(Figure 4) shows some variability from season to season and station to
station. Station EB-01, (above Corinna) has higher phosphorus values
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recently (i. e., 1971-1973) than in 1965 with the summer of 1973
being the exception. Station EB02, below corinna, demonstrates higher
values in 1965 than in 1971, 1972 or 1973 with the winter of 1972
being a major exception. EB03, at the outlet of Lake Sebasticook,
exhibits total phosphorus concentrations which are higher overall for
1971-1973 than in 1965. This reflects the higher TP concentrations
noted in Lake Sebasticook in Figure 3.
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen, Figures 3 and 5, are compared in the same
fashion as total phosphorus. For Lake Sebasticook for all seasons
from 1971 to 1973 the TKN values range from approximately two to
eighteen times less than in 1965. Similarly, for the East Branch of the
Sebasticook TKN values are two to ten times less in 1971, 1972, 1973
than in 1965, the only exception being the winter 1972 value for Station
EB01 where the TKN's are only slightly higher in 1965.
Overall, the average total Kjeldahl nitrogen values for both Lake
Sebasticook and the East Branch of the Sebasticook River are approximately
five times less for the five seasons from 1971-1973 compared to 1965.
Values for other parameters in the nitrogen series, ammonia (NH ),
nitrate (N03) and nitrite (N02) appear in the Appendix. These nitrogen
species are difficult to interpret because the concentrations contin-
ually change due to the many factors regulating the complex nitrogen
cycle in nature. For this reason, a comparative analysis has not been
made, however, a general assessment of these parameters show a trend
similar to that for TKN but it is not as marked.
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4.6
1965
FALL WINTER SPRING * SUMMER FALL WINTER SPUING
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (mg/l) TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN (mg/\)
SEASONAL AVERAGES-LAKE SEBASTICOOK, MAINE
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.34
co
D
it
O
X
•1
n
o
a. .1?
o
1965
EBOI EB02 EB03
FALL
EBOI EB02 EB03
WINTER
EBOI
EBO2
SPRING
EBOS
EBOI EB02 EBOS
SUIHIER
EAST BRANCH SCBASTICOOK RIVER - SEASONAL AVERAGE TOTAL PHOSPHORUS
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IO.8i
4.3
5.9.
2.8
1965
EBOI EB02 EB03 j EBOI EB02 EB03
FALL ' WINTER
EBOI
EB02
SPRING
EB03
EBOI EB02 EB03
SUMMER
EAST BRANCH SEBASTICOOK RIVER - SEASONAL A/ERAGE TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN
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Sediments
Sediment samples were collected from five lake stations (Figure 1)
for four seasons from November 1971 to July 1973. The sediments were
analyzed for total Kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphorus. The results
of these analyses are presented as percent dry weight in Table 11. For
comparative purposes the sediment data for the same parameters for
May 1965 is also included.
Total phosphorus (TP) values for the sediments show some variability
from season to season. The data for May 1972 compares favorably with
the data for May of 1965 in terms of lake average .100 vs. .106% dry
weight respectively, however, when the data for May 1973 is compared to
1965 and 1972 the data shows approximately a 25% decrease. The data for
November 1971 and July 1973 also represent 20-25% TP reductions when
compared to May 1972 and 1965. These differences can be partially ex-
plained by seasonal turnover during which time a recycling and restocking
of nutrient deficient lake water normally occurs with resultant decreases
in sediment concentrations. The reduction of TP in the sediments as
shown in the data strongly suggests this phenomena to be a source of the
increased total phosphorus concentrations noted for the overlying waters
of Lake Sebasticook.
Lake Sebasticook sediments data for nitrogen shows a marked decrease
in concentration from November 1971 to July 1973 when compared to the
1965 data. Average values as shown in Table 11 represent approximately
a decrease of five times overall.
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Nitrogen/Phosphorus Ratios
Table 10 lists Nitrogen: Phosphorus ratios for November 1971,
May 1972 and 1973 and for July 1973. Table 10 also lists the May 1965
values. The ratios show a substantial decrease for November 1971 -
July 1973 when compared to May 1965. The literature does not offer a
definitive explanation as to the significance of high or low N:P ratios.
tfi 7 R 9)
Data in the literaturel ' ' ' for which phosphorus and nitrogen sediment
values are available show trends that suggest that low N:P ratios are
more commonly found in eutrophic lake systems and higher ratios are
more indicative of less fertile systems. It appears that the high TP
concentrations found in eutrophic sediments are a factor in the low N:P
ratios. The extremely low N:P ratios found for Lake Sebasticook in
1971 and 1972-1973 appear to be a result of the nitrogen values being
lower by a factor of approximately five. TP in comparison is approxi-
mately the same or slightly less than in 1965. Whether or not these
ratios indicate that Sebasticook is more eutrophic now than in 1965
cannot be determined unless the lower nitrogen can be explained. Lake
Wassookeag, a noneutrophic lake at the headwaters of the East Branch
Sebasticook River has a N:P ratio of 7.5 for July 1973.
Discussion (Nutrients)
The report entitled "Fertilization and Algae in Lake Sebasticook,
Maine," serves as baseline information which describes Lake Sebasticook
as very eutrophic and which also describes the East Branch of the
Sebasticook River as the principle source of nutrification to the lake.
By use of this data and information generated in 1965 a comparison is
made which correlates the condition of the 1960's with those conditions
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as of July and August 1973.
Prior to the start of our studies in November 1971, the major source
of phosphorus, a potato processing plant, to the river and thus to Lake
Sebasticook burnt down. This quirk of fate together with the start of
secondary treatment for the'Town of Corinna has not reflected any
significant improvement in stream conditions or in the eutrophic lake
conditions reported in 1966, particularly with respect to phosphorus.
Above Corinna at Station EB01, the five season average for total
phosphorus for 1971-1973 of 0.14 mg/1 is approximately 30% greater than
the average value recorded in 1965 for a comparable time frame. The
increase in phosphorus suggests greater and/or additional inputs to the
river upstream, probably from industrial and municipal sources in the
Dexter area or from a nonpoint discharge.
Station EB02, at the mouth of the East Branch of the Sebasticook
River, (the inlet to Lake Sebasticook) the average total phosphorus value
for five seasons 1971-1973 is approximately the same as that for the four
seasons average in 1965. EB02 is below the town of Corinna's municipal
discharge and below the location of the former potato processing plant.
Considering these averages compiled from seasonal data, the indication is
that the new secondary treatment plant at Corinna and the total elimination
of the major industrial source of phosphorus pollution (55% of all TP dis-
charged to the East Branch Sebasticook River from the Corinna area in
1965) has not resulted in a decrease in TP being contributed to Lake
Sebasticook.
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The fact that no significant change has occurred suggests other causes
or sources of phosphorus. Among these other possibilities are inefficient
waste treatment at Corinna, agricultural runoff and phosphorus in sludge
deposits between Corinna and Lake Sebasticook which resuspend with gas
bubbles from decomposition and which are scoured from the bottom during
periods of high flow. Actual analysis of two sludge samples collected
from the stretch of river during August 1973, approximately 2.0 miles
upstream of the inlet to Sebasticook, Figure 2, yielded results of approxi-
mately .07% TP dry weight. This is considered to be a relatively high
concentration. The high TP coupled with the fact that sludge was seen
floating to the surface with gas bubbles and carried with the current
into Lake Sebasticook demonstrates that the stream bottom below Corinna is
a discrete source of phosphorus pollution to the lake. Efficiency of the
WWTP at Corinna should be evaluated and the role of agricultural runoff
as a serious potential source of phosphorus to the system should also
receive study to further determine exact phosphorus sources. In 1965, it
was estimated that less than 2% of the TP in Lake Sebasticook came from
agricultural drainage. Today, with the tendency to increase arable land
and farm production phosphorus runoff could be substantially higher and
therefore represent a significant non-point source.
In the report entitled "Fertilization and Algae in Lake Sebasticook,
Maine" 1966, a total phosphorus objective of .02 mg/1 for Lake Sebasticook
was proposed. This objective is based on the phosphorus concentrations
found for samples collected from Lake Wassookeag, a lake at the heart of
the headwaters of the East Branch of the Sebasticook River. In 1965 the
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TP concentrations did not exceed 0.02 mg/1 and the lake did not demon-
strate the problems associated with eutrophication which characterized
Lake Sebasticook. Furthermore, to attain the .02 mg/1 objective it was
suggested that an 80% reduction of TP would be required from all incoming
wastes, which means essentially the East Branch of the Sebasticook River.
It was estimated that ten years would be required to deplete the nutrient
rich Lake Sebasticook water with inflowing nutrient poor river water.
According to our data there are no gains in this direction. In the eight
years elapsed since 1965, Lake Sebasticook demonstrates an overall average
phosphorus increase in the range of 30%. For the East Branch of the
Sebasticook River, the burning of the snowflake Canning Co., and the
secondary treatment plant at Corinna should logically lower the amount of
phosphorus contributed to the river and thus to Lake Sebasticook. This
apparently is not the case, as stream phosphorus loads are approximately
the same as in 1965 below Corinna at the inlet to Lake Sebasticook.
It appears that .02 mg/1 TP for Lake Sebasticook may be an unrealistic
objective. Preliminary results of the National Eutrophication Survey in-
dicate that about one-third of the 242 lakes studied probably will have
mean concentrations greater than .05 mg/1 phosphorus even- after advanced
treatment for phosphorus removal (assuming that a 50% reduction in TP is
accomplished). Our data to date suggests placement of Sebasticook into
this category of lakes. Perhaps the only means of achieving the .02 mg/1
phosphorus objective may be similar to that method observed by Edmundson
in his Lake Washington studies. He observed that when phosphorus
concentrations were reduced by 72% from approximately .08 mg/1 to .02 mg/1,
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the lake reverted from a eutrophic state to a noneutrophic state. This
was accomplished by total diversion of the inflow of sewage treatment
plant effluent. Although the measures were drastic, the results were
positive.
The lake bed of Sebasticook, taken alone, is a vast source of
phosphorus for fertilization and algal growth. This is well demonstrated
during the spring seasons of May 1965, 1972 and 1973. It can be seen that
for May 1965 and 1972 the average water column TP values are both .06 mg/1
and similarly the TP in the sediments are .106% dry weight and .100% dry
weight respectively. However, in May 1973 the average TP in the water
column is .09 mg/1 or a 50% increase over the previous spring data.
Corresponding to this, the average sediment value for May 1973 is .075%
dry weight, or approximately a 25% decrease from that of the previous
spring data. The sediment phosphorus reservoir as indicated appears to
be a major supplement to the enriched condition in Lake Sebasticook and
probably will be for many more years in the future.
Contrary to the upward trend in total phosphorus in the Lake Sebasti-
cook system, the nitrogen in the water and sediments show a decrease which
is approximately five times less than in 1965. It is difficult to
determine whether or not the nitrogen decrease in Lake Sebasticook is
entirely due to decreased input as exemplified by the lower tributary load
or whether a denitrification process is occurring within the lake. It
could be a combination of these.factors. Denitrification, although not
completely understood, is known to occur in eutrophic lakes in both sedi-
ments and in the water column. ' The process is more likely to occur
-23-
-------
in anaerobic conditions such as found in sediments and overlying waters
of the hypolimnion of a eutrophic lake during the summer stagnation.
General warming trends and pH shifts to alkaline are factors contribu-
tory to denitrification.
Vertical Profiles - Ch a_, pH,, Temp., D.O.
Figure 6 shows the curves for mean chlorophyll a_, pH, temperature
and dissolved oxygen concentrations for mean lake depth. The vertical
profile for temperature shows the lake to be stratified during late July
1973. The mean temperature differential between surface waters and hypo-
limnial waters is approximately 10°C. Corresponding to the thermocline
are distinct stratifications for Ch £, pH and D.O.
Algal standing crop in Lake Sebasticook expressed as chlorophyll a.
is highest in the lake epilimnion or euphotic zone. The mean Ch a con-
centration of approximately 25 ug/1 in the upper water column decreases
with depth to a mean of 3 ug/1 in the hypolimnial waters.
In the euphotic zone of lakes, algae utilize (carbon dioxide) CO2
in photosynthesis and produce oxygen (C>2). Vigorous photosynthetic
activity can produce supersaturated dissolved oxygen concentrations in the
zone of activity in the epilimnion. The vertical profile for oxygen in
Figure 6 shows supersaturated conditions approximately 180% of saturation
in the upper water column; with depth the D.O. is reduced to almost O close
to the bottom, creating nearly anaerobic conditions.
As algae photosynthize in the water, free C0_ is used, calcium
bicarbonate is reduced by precipitation of calcium carbonate, and the pH
(14)
rises. v The pH profile in Figure 6 dramatizes this quite well with a
mean pH near 10 in the epilimnion and a neutral pH at the bottom.
-24-
-------
Taken collectively the profiles for dissolved oxygen, pH,
temperature and chlorophyll ei show a distinct congruency towards
describing Lake Sebasticook as eutrophic.
Recommendations
l: Evaluate treatment efficiency for the WWTP in Corinna and
determine the total phosphorus contribution to the East Branch of the
Sebasticook River from the Corinna area.
2. Determine significant point discharges of municipal and
industrial wastes from the Dexter area which presently have a bearing
on the phosphorus load in the East Branch Sebasticook River.
3. Closely evaluate the significance of non-point discharges
such as agricultural runoff and other bank sources and the impact they
have on Lake Sebasticook.
4. Enforcement of the State of Maine's water quality standards
which require phosphorus removal on all point discharges, together with
appropriate land management practices, are strongly urged in order to
return Lake Sebasticook to a viable resource.
5. The State of Maine should monitor lake conditions at least
once every year as a means of evaluating and assessing lake conditions
relative to eutrophlcation.
-25-
-------
10
15
20
25
30
35
10
15
20
35
10
10 20 30 40
Ch0 ug/l
15 20 25
TEMP. °C
30
8 12
pH
16
20
05 10 15
DO mg/l
LAKE SEBASTICOOK
JULY 31, AUG. I, 1973
MEAN
CHLOROPHYLL o - pH - TEMPERATURE - DISSOLVED OXYGEN
vs.
MEAN WATER DEPTH
-26-
FIGURE 6
-------
Bibliography
1. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, FWPCA, January, 1966,
"Fertilization and Algae in Lake Sebasticook, Maine," Technical
Advisory and Investigations Activities, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2. Mackenthun, K. M. , Kemp, L. E., Stewart, R. K., February 1968,
Nutrients and Algae in Lake Sebasticook, Maine. Journal Water
Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 40, No. 2, Part 2.
3. Environmental Protection Agency 1971, "Methods For Chemical Analysis
of Water and Wastes," Water Quality Office, Analytical Quality
Control Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio.
4. American Public Health Association 1971, Standard Methods, 13th
Edition, AWWA, APHA, WPCF, New York, N. Y.
5. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1973, "Biological Field and
Laboratory Methods" EPA-670/4-73-001, Environmental Monitoring Series,
Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio.
6. Kemp, A., Gray, C., Mudrochova, A., Nutrients in Natural Waters,
1972, "Changes in C, N, P, and S in the Last 140 Years In Three Cores.
From Lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron," John Wiley & Sons, N.Y.,
pgs. 251-279.
7. Gahler, A.R., Sanville, W.D., April 1971, "Lake Sediments - charac-
terization of Lake Sediments and Evaluation of Sediment-Water Nutrient
Interchange Mechanisms in the Upper Klamath Lake System," Pacific
Northwest Water Laboratory, Water Quality Office, U.S. EPA, Corvallis,
Oregon, pgs. 26-32.
8. Konrad, J.G., Keeney, D.R., Chesters, G., Chem., K.L. 1970, "Nitrogen
and Carbon Distribution in Sediment Cores of Selected Wisconsin
Lakes." J. Water Pollution Control Fed. 42,2096-7.
9. Williams, J., Syers, J., Harris, R., Armstrong, D., 1970, "Adsorption
Desorption of Inorganic Phosphorus by Lake Sediments in a O.lm Na Cl
System." Env. Sci. and Tech^ Vol 4, No. 6.519
10. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1973, "Critique on Proposed
Phosphorus Standards," Pacific Northwest Environmental Research Lab,
Corvallis, Oregon pg. 3.
11. Edmondson W. T., 1970, "Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Algae in Lake
Washington after Diversion of-Sewage," Science 14, 690-1.
-27-
-------
Bibliography
12. Brezonik, P. L., 1972 "Nitrogen: Sources and Transformations in
Natural Waters" in Nutrients in. Natural Waters, John Wiley & Sons
N. Y. Pg. 26-31.
13. Brezonik, P.L., Lee, F. G., "Denitrification as a Nitrogen Sink in
Lake Mendota, Wis.", Env. Sci. & Tech. Vol 2, No. 2, Pg. 120-5.
14. Ruttner, F. 1963, Fundamentals of Limnology, Third Ed., Univ. of
Toronto Press, Canada, Pg. 70.
-28-
-------
TABLE I
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Sampling Stations
1965 - 1973
1971 1973
Stations
LS-01
LS-02
LS-03
LS-04
LS-05
EB-01
EB-02
EB-03
LS-06
LS-07
LS-08
LS-09
LW-01
LW-02
LW-03
1965
Stations Longitude
A 69°
B 69°
C 69°
D 69°
E 69°
3 69°
5 69°
8 69°
69°
69°
69°
69°
69°
69°
69°
15'
13'
14'
14'
14'
15'
15'
16'
16'
15'
13'
15'
18'
20'
19'
25"
28"
06"
32"
35"
41"
01"
31"
08"
23"
11"
54"
34"
18"
37"
Latitude
44°
44°
44°
44°
44°
44°
44°
44°
44°
44°
44°
44°
45°
45°
45°
52'
53'
50'
51'
51'
55'
53'
50'
53'
52'
51'
52'
01'
01'
01'
12"
09
32
35
06
28
09
25
03
36
31
56
54
05
18
II
II
II
II
It
11
II
II
M
II
11
»
n
-29-
-------
TABLE 2
Benthic Organisms - Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Organisms
Oligochaeta (aquatic worms)
Tubificidae (sludge worms)
Diptera (midgeflies)
Chironomus riparius (bloodworms)
UJ
o
i Hirudinea (leech)
Gastropoda (snails)
Pelecypoda (clams)
Copepoda (copepods)
Cladocera (water fleas)
Amphipoda (scuds)
Ostracoda (seed shrimp)
Hydracarina (water mites)
Hydro zoa (hydra)
Turbellaria (planarian)
May 31, 1972
Per Sq. Ft.
Stations
LS 01 LS 02 LS 03 LS 04 LS 05 LS 06 LS 07 LS 08
4 64
16 17 134
46 1 15
7 21 3 8
11 1
12 1 80
9 1 36
1 4 38
5 29
1
3
1 3
1
5
-------
TABLE 2 (Con't)
Benthic Organisms - Lake Sebasticook, Maine
May 31, 1972
Per Sq. Ft.
Stations
i
OJ
Organisms
Ephemeroptera (mayflies)
Trichoptera (caddisf lies)
LS 01 LS 02 LS 03 LS 04 LS 05 LS 06 LS 07 LS 08
1
3
Kinds 0 1 2 1 26 814
Total 0 7 37 3 25 203 18 280
-------
TABLE 3
Benthic Organisms - Lake Sebasticook/ Maine
May 30, 1973
Per Sq. Ft.
Stations
Organisms
LS 01
LS 02
LS 03
LS 04
LS 05
10
NJ
I
Oligochaeta (aquatic worms)
Tubificidae (sludge worms)
Diptera
Chironomus riparius (bloodworms)
Kinds
Total
19
2
28
27
32
2
59
2
4
0
0
-------
TABLE 4
Benthic Organisms - Lake Sebasticook and Lake Wassookeag, Maine
July 31 - Aug. 1, 1973
Per Sq. Ft.
Organisms
LS 01
LS 02 LS 03
LS 04
LS 05
LW 02
LW 03
U>
LJ
Oligochaeta (aquatic worms)
Tubificidae (sludge worms)
Diptera (midgeflies)
Chironomus riparius
Anatopynia sp.
PolypedilumTophiodes
Unidentified
Ephemeroptera (mayflies)
Hexagenia bilineata
Tricory thidae
Megaloptera (alderflies)
Sialis sp.
5
3
29
47
11
19
1
56
38
Trichoptera (caddisflies)
Psychomyia sp.
Pelecypoda (clams)
Cladocera (water fleas)
Copepoda ( copepods )
Amphipoda ( s c uds )
Ostracoda (seed shrimp)
Bryozoa (moss animalcules)
Kinds 021
Total 087
8
13
19
8
1
11
1*
1 1 13
1 1 172
4
103
*Colonial Form
-------
TABLE 5
Benthic Organisms - Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Nov. 17, 1971
Per Sq. Ft.
Stations
Organisms
LS 01
LS 02
LS 03
LS 04
LS 05
I
OJ
Oligochaeta (aquatic worms)
Tubificidae (sludge worms)
Diptera (midgeflies)
100
44
Chironomus Riparius
Copepoda (copepod)
(bloodworms)
Kinds 1
Total 1
5
1
3
13
20
5
3
125
3
2
11
29
2
73
-------
TABLE 6
Midgeflies - Sludgeworms
Average Per Sq. Ft.
Year
1965*
1965*
1971
1972
1973
1973
Month
May
July
Nov
May
May
July
Lake Sebasticook,
1965-1973
Average
Per Sq. Ft.
35
57
44
14
18
3
Maine
Midgefly Larvae
% Scj. Ft.
57%
62%
25%
54%
45%
24%
Sludgeworms
% Sq. Ft.
43%
38%
72%
46%
55%
76%
*Fertilization and Algae in Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Technical Advisory and Investigations Activities,
Robert A. Taft Sanitary Eng. Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
January, 1966
-35-
-------
TABLE 7
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Algae Count (Average)
Per Milliter
1965 - 1973
Middle
Lower
Lake Sebasticook
May 11-27, 1965*
July 28-Aug. 1, 1965*
Nov. 2, 1965*
Feb. 15-16, 1972
May 31, 1972
May 31, 1973
July 31, 1973
Lake Wassookeag (Control)
Aug. 1, 1973
5 ft.
17,875
27,684
4,090
4,852
6,940
16,527
14,969
283
15-30 ft.
10,416
4,467
11,727
9,576
6,554
15,817
2,863
723
Seasonal and yearly averages for comparable seasons
Lake Sebasticook
Spring - Summer 1965 22,780
Spring - Summer 1973 15,748
1965 11,354 per milliter
1973 11,715 per milliter
Lake Wassookeag (Control)
1973 (Summer) 467 per milliter
7,441
9,340
30-55 ft.
6,959
725
3,850
13,369
7,778
16,594
3,520
396
3,842
10,057
*Fertilization and Algae in Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Technical Advisory and Investigation Activities
Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cinn., Ohio
January 1966
-36-
-------
TABLE 8
East Branch Sebasticook River/ Maine
Algae Count
Per Milliter (Average)
1965, 1971-1973 (Comparable Stations)
Station 3 58
May 11-27, 1965* 3,537 39,512 30,123
July 26-31, 1965* 610 - 224,150 7,275
Nov. 2, 1965* - 33,400 2,700
Average 2,073 99,020 13,366
Station EB01 EB02 EB03
Nov. 17, 1971 - 10,358 . -
Feb. 15, 1972 6,000 28,979 5,830
May 31, 1972 7,075 6,395 9,735
May 31, 1973 16,987 39,620 26,205
July 31, 1973 . 4,245 17,716 4,641
Average 8,576 20,613 11,602
*Fertilization and Algae in Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Technical Advisory and Investigation Activities
Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cinn. Ohio
January 1966.
-37-
-------
TABLE 9
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Chlorophyll a_
Micrograms Per Liter (Average)
Upper (0-5') Middle (10-25') Lower (30-55')
July 28-Aug. 1, 1965* 21.97 3.67 2.99
Oct. 30-Nov. 2, 1965* 13.20 14.38 13.61
Nov. 17, 1971 8.67 7.40 8.90
Feb. 15, 1972 8.95 9.12 8.73
May 31, 1972 5.29 5.32 5.53
May 30, 1973 21.34 16.14 18.57
July 31, 1973 24.63 17.45 3.04
Aug. 1, 1973 (Lake Wassookeag) <0.10 0.94 <0.10
Seasonal and Yearly Averages for Entire Lake
July 28-Aug. 1, 1965 <9.54 \ <11.63
Oct. 30-Nov. 2, 1965
Nov. 17, 1971 8.32) 11.68
July 31, 1973
May 30, 1973 18.68^ 16.86
July 31, 1973
Feb. 15, 1972 8.93^ 7.15
May 31, 1972
All surveys Nov. 17, 1971 - July 31, 1973 11.26
All surveys July 28, 1965 - July 31, 1973 11.37
Aug. 1, 1973 (Lake Wassookeag) <0.38
*Fertilization and Algae in Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Technical Advisory and Investigation Activities
Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cinn., Ohio
January 1966
-38-
-------
TABLE 10
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Sediments
Ni trogen/Phosphorous
Ratios
Station Reference Station May 65*
LS 01
LS 02
LS 03
LS 04
LS 05
L. Wassookeag
A
B
C
D
E
8.8
8.7
5.6
7.5
6.4
20.0
Nov. 71
2.7
1.8
1.5
1.2
2.1
May 72
1.1
1.8
1.7
1.2
1.5
May 73
1.9
2.1 ,
1.3
1.3
2.1
July 73
1.8
2.3
1.5
1.7
1.8
8.9
*Seasonal Average 2 Values.
-39-
-------
TABLE
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Sediments
Phosphorus and Nitrogen
% Dry Weight
Phosphorus
1971 - 1973
1965
May 65
Nov. 71
May 72
May 73
July 7!
Station Stations
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
Average
A
B
C
D
E
Lake Wassookeag
East Branch Sebasticook R.
Lagoon Upstream of
Inlet to Lake
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
Average
A
B
C
D
E
Lake Wassookeag
East Branch Sebasticook
.095
.120
.070
.120
.125
.106
.05
.85
.90 •
.40
.90
,80
.77
1.0
.075
.074
.080
.101
.082
.082
Nitrogen
.204
.130
.118
.120
.174
.149
. 114 '
.079
.083
.125
.101
.100
.133
.148
.147
.148
.157
.146
.090
.063
.062
.088
.074
.075
.173
.129
.083
.116
.154
.131
.084
.055
.077
.084
.078
.076
.027
.073
.152
.125
.114
.143
.141
.135
0.24
0.41
R. Lagoon Upstream of
Inlet to Lake
-40-
-------
APPENDIX
-41-
-------
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Chlorophyll a_
Micrograms Per Liter
Nov. 17, 1971
A-l
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
Average
Upper
8.18
6.75
6.04
5.74
8.67
Middle
9.22
8.34
5.27
6.75
7.47
7.40
Lower
14.54
6.75
12.95
9.61
10.65
8.90
EB01
EB02
EB03
4.45
40.81
4.46
-42-
-------
A-2
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Chlorophyll £
Micrograms Per Liter
Feb. 15-17, 1972
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
Average
EB01
EB02
EB03
Upper
5'
7.08
15.18
6.92
10.25
5.34
8.95
10.61
8.21
4.61
Middle
10-25'
11.84
4.61
11.13
10.25
7.80
9.12
Lower
30-55'
4.62
5.85
26.11
2.32
4.77
8.73
-43-
-------
A-3
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Chlorophyll a,
Micrograms Per Liter
May 31, 1972
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
LS06
LS07
LS08
Average
EB01
EB02
EB03
Upper
5'
6.11
5.41
5.98
6.55
A. 26
6.11
5.53
2.41
5.29
3.12
10.13
8.07
Middle Lower
10-25' 30-55'
4.26 5.41
5.53 7.50
6.49 9.22
6.10 4.39
4.26 4.26
-
3.12
4.83
5.32 5.53
-44-
-------
A-4
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Chlorophyll a_
Micrograms Per Liter of Water
July 31, 1973 - August 1, 1973
Station
Upper Middle
0-5' 10-25'
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
LS
01
02
03
04
05
09
11
7
3
2
13
108
.91 2.55
.81 5.37
.86 19.33
.63 52.11
.37 7.88
.25
Lower
30-55'
0.39
0.01
11.69
2.65
0.47
-
Average 24.63 17.45 3.04
EB 01 6.10
EB 02 36.54
EB 03 4.79
LS 01 (Lake Wassookeag) <0.10 0.94 < 0.10
-45-
-------
A-5
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Chlorophyll a_
Micrograms Per Liter
May 31, 1973
Station Upper Middle Lower
LS01 29.07 15.31 17.39
LS02 22.34 22.95 16.92
LS03 19.32 16.92 25.52
LS04 17.31 18.24 18.21
LS05 18.70 7.31 14.65
Average 21.34 16.14 18.57
EB01 5.18
EB02 7.00
EB03 21.62
-46-
-------
A-6
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Algae Count
Nov. 17, 1971
Per Milliter
Station Upper
LS01 906
LS02 1,075
LS03 962
LS04 792
LS05 912
Average 929
EB01
EB02 10,358
EB03
-47-
-------
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Algae Count
Feb. 15-16, 1972
Per Milliter
A-7
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
Upper
3,000
3,396
4,302
8,716
Middle
6,735
22,300
8,000
9,735
3,113
Lower
14,716
9,339
23,376
9,622
9,792
Average
EB01
EB02
EB03
4,852
6,000
28,979
5,830
9,576
13,369
-48-
-------
A-8
Station
LS01
LS02
tS03
LS04
LS05
LS06
LS07
LS08
EB01
EB02
EB03
Average
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Algae Count
May 31,1972
Per Milliter
Upper Middle
3,283 8,150
7,415 3,622
7,811 8,320
13,301 6,113
8,830 6,566
6,905
4,358
3,622
ge 6,940 6,554
7,075
6,395
9,735
Lower
6,622
6,452
8,547
13,641
8,999
-
6 , 169
4,019
7,778
-49-
-------
A-9
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
EB01
EB02
EB03
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Algae Count
May 31,1973
Per Milliter
Upper Middle
16,357 16,659
19,470 21,111
23,376 14,829
14,150 18,282
9,282 8,207
Average 16,527 15,817
16,987
39,620
26,205
Lower
11,829
22,017
25,696
13,018
10,414
16,594
-50-
-------
A-10
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Algae Count
Per Milliter
July 31 and Aug. 1, 1973
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
LS09
Average
EB01
EB02
EB03
Upper
2,264
1,585
1,302
2,660
2,207
79,800
14,969
4,245
17,716
4,641
Middle
283
2,038
3,339
4,471
4,188
-
2,863
Lower
1,698
1,868
4,641
2,434
6,962
-
3,520
LW01 (Lake Wassookeag) 283 723 396
-51-
-------
A-ll
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen as N
Feb. 17, 1972
MG/L
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
Average
EB01
EB02
EB03
Upper
0.7
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
1.8
0.7
0.2
Middle
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
Lower
0.5
0.3
1.2
0.5
0.3
0.6
-52-
-------
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen as N
MG/L
A-12
June 1, 1972
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
EB03
EB02
EB01
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
Average
Average
Upper
0.9
0.2
0.7
1.0
0.8
0.7
0.6
1.9
0.2
Nov. 17, 1971
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
Middle
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.5
Lower
0.8
0.9
0.7
0.7.
0.9
0.8
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.4
EB01
EB02
EB03
0.5
2.5
0.2
-53-
-------
A-13
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Ammonia (NH_ - N)
MG/L
May 31, 1972
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
EB01
EB02
EB03
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
EB01
EB02
EB03
Upper
.01
.01
.01
.05
.01
Average 0.02
.01
.83
.05
.37
.22
.07
.11
.03
Average • 16
1.48
.75
.07
Middle Lower
.01 .12
.04 .52
.19 -20
.04 .03
.19
0.09 0.22
Feb. 15, 1972
.10 5.36
.27 1.62
.37 .06
.03. -42
.03 .33
.16 1-56
-54-
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A-14
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Total Phosphorus
MG/L
May 31, 1973
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
Average
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION = 0.094 MG/L
EB01 .23
EB02 .06
EB03 .05
Upper
.21
.06
.06
.04
.05
.084
Middle
.05
.04
.07
.04
.07
.054
Lower
.28
.13
.08
.16
.07
.144
-55-
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A-15
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
EB01
EB02
EB03
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
EB01
EB02
EB03
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Nitrate - Nitrite
MG/L
May
Upper
.01
.01
.01
.02
.02
ige .01
.01
.04
.04
Feb
.01
.03
.06
.02
.08
age . 04
31, 1972
Middle
.01
.07
.06
.06
.03
.05
. 15-16, 1972
.06
.07
.02
.03
.03
.04
Lower
.12
.07
.14
.02
.02
.07
.04
.02
.07
.15
.08
.07
.21
.26
1.45
-56-
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Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Nitrite, N02~N
MGA
May 31, 1973
A-16
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
Average
Upper
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Middle
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Lower
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
AVERAGE NITRITE 0.01
EB01
EB02
EB03
0.01
0.01
0.01
-57-
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Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Nitrate NO..-N
MG/L
May 31, 1973
A-17
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
Average
Upper
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
Middle
0.19
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.08
Lower
0.08
0.05
0.37
0.05
0.05
0.12
TOTAL NO -N CONCENTRATION =0.08
EB01
EB02
EB03
0.05
0.05
0.13
-58-
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Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Ammonia NH3-N*
MG/L
May 31, 1973
A-18
Station
LS 01
LS 02
LS 03
LS 04
LS 05
Average
Upper
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
Middle
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
Lower
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
Total NH.,-N Concentration = 0.20
EB 01 0.20
EB 02 0.20
EB 03 0.20
*A11 Values Less Than Recorded
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A-19
S tatioji
LS 01
LS 02
LS 03
LS 04
LS 05
Lake Sebasticodk, Maine
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
MG/L
Aug. 1, 1973
Upper
0.67
1.60
0.27
0.93
0.54
Average
0.80
Middle
•0.67
0.70
0.61
0.21
0.26
0.49
Lower
0.40
0.34
0.44
0.42
0.54
0.43
Average TKN = 0.57
EB 01
EB 02
EB 03
0.35
0.85
0.38
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A-20
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Algae Count
Nov.17, 1971
Per Milliter
Station Upper
LS01 906
LS02 1,075
LS03 962
LS04 792
LS05 912
Average 929
EB01
EB02 10,358
EB03
-61-
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A-21
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
LS06
LS07
LS08
EB01
EB02
EB03
Average
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Algae Count
May 31, 1972
Per Milliter
Upper
3,283
7,415
7,811
13,301
8,830
6,905
4,358
3,622
6,940
7,075
6,395
9,735
Middle
8,150
3,622
8,320
6,113
6,566
-
-
_
6,554
Lower
6,622
6,452
8,547
13,641
8,999
6,169
4,019
7,778
-62-
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Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Algae Count
Feb. 15-16, 1972
Per Milliter
A-22
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
Average
EB01
EB02
EB03
Upper
3,000
3,396
4,302
8,716
4,852
6,000
28,979
5,830
Middle
6,735
22,300
8,000
9,735
3,113
9,576
Lower
14,716
9,339
23,376
9,622
9,792
13,369
-63-
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Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Algae Count
May 31, 1973
Per Milliter
A-23
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
Average
EB01
EB02
EB03
Upper
16,357
19,470
23,376
14,150
9,282
16,527
16,987
39,620
26,205
Middle
16,659
21,111
14,829
18,282
8,207
15,817
Lower
11,829
22,017
25,696
13,018
10,414
16,594
-64-
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A-24
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Algae Count
Per Milliter
July 31 and Aug. 1, 1973
Upper
2,264
1,585
1,302
2,660
2,207
79,800
14,969
4,245
17,716
4,641
Middle
283
2,038
3,339
4,471
4,188
_
2,863
Lower
1,698
1,868
4,641
2,434
6,962
_
3,520
S tation
LS 01
LS 02
LS 03
LS 04
LS 05
LS 09
Average
EB 01
EB 02
EB 03
LW 01 (Lake Wassookeag) 283 723 396
-65-
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A-25
Lake Sebasticook, Mai,ne
Nutrients
7/31, 8/1, 8/2, 1973
Station #
LS01S
LS01M
LS01B
LS09S
LS02S
LS02M
LS02B
LS03S
LS03M
LS03B
LS04S
LS04M
LS04B
LS05S
LS05M
LS05B
EB01
EB02
EB03
Depth
2.0
18.0
35.0
2.0
2.0
21.0
42.0
2.0
11.0
22.0
2.0
18.0
32.0
2.0
17.0
32.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
TKN
0.2
0.2
1.4
0.3
0.5
2.0
0.3
0.2
1.2
0.4
0.2
1.5
0.4
0.3
0.8
0.3
2.1
0.3
NO^-N
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
.04
K.02
K.02
0.05
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
N03-N
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
K.02
HH3^N
0.02
0.07
0.34
.06
.02
.04
1.4
.02
.06
.01
.01
.03
1.4
.02
0.02
0.78
0.10
1.5
.06
TP
0.06
0.08
0.05
K.05
K.05
0.41
K.05
K.05
.05
K.05
K.05
0.38
K.05
K.05
0.22
0.14
.05
.05
0.15
-66-
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A-26
Lake Sebasticook, Maine
Station
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
EB01
EB02
EB03
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
EB01
EB02
EB03
LS01
LS02
LS03
LS04
LS05
EB01
EB02
EB03
Average
Average
Average
Total Phosphorus
MG/L
Nov. 17, 1971
Upper
.10
.08
.06
.06
.20
.10
.14
.18
.06
Feb. 15-17, 1972
_
.04
.04
.06
.04
.04
.20
.50
.10
May 31, 1972
.04
.03
.03
.08
.02
.04
.11
.11
.57
Middle
.10
.10
.06
.06
.06
.08
.16
.06
.05
.34
.06
.13
.02
.06
.04
.07
.09
.06
Lower
-67-
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