EPA 560/4-76-006
IDENTIFICATION OF SELECTED FEDERAL ACTIVITIES
DIRECTED TO CHEMICALS OF NEAR-TERM CONCERN
JULY 1976
OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
U.S.ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON.D.C. 20460
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EPA 560/4-76-006
IDENTIFICATION OF SELECTED FEDERAL ACTIVITIES
DIRECTED TO CHEMICALS OF NEAR-TERM CONCERN
(Asbestos, Arsenic, Benzidine, Ethylene
Dibromide, Hexachlorobenzene,
Hexachlorobutadiene, Polybrominated
Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Biphenyls,
Vinyl Chloride, Vinylidene Chloride)
Prepared by the
OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
JULY 1976
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PREFACE
This Report is intended to assist Federal agencies
and other interested organizations obtain current infor-
mation on the on-going activities of EPA directed to
selected chemicals of near-term concern. Subsequent re-
ports will be devoted to other chemicals of interest to
the Agency.
In addition to identifying the principal- EPA programs
relating to these chemicals, the Report also includes signi
ficant activities of other organizations when that infor-
mation is available. The Report does not attempt to in-
clude many important completed projects.
The Office of Toxic Substances would welcome infor-
mation concerning other important on-going activities
directed to these chemicals. Such information should be
directed to the Chief, Special Chemicals Branch, Office
of Toxic Substances.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface i
Asbestos *
Arsenic "
Benzidine 12
Ethylene Dibromide
Hexachlorobenzene -^
Hexachlorobutadiene ^8
Polybrominated Biphenyls *•*
Polychlortnated Biphenyls 2*
Vinyl Chloride 27
Vinylidene Chloride 2"
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ASBESTOS
GENERAL STUDIES
Review of Environmental Effects - A draft report of the
effects of asbestos on the environment has been prepared
and reviewed by the EPA Science Advisory Board. The report
will be completed by the end of 1976. Dr. Gerald Stara,
ORD, (513) 684-7407.
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR
Carcinogenic Potential via Ingestion - Two studies of the
oral carcinogenic potential of asbestiform fibers of various
types and configurations will begin in September 1976.
Each study will use one animal type (rats or hamsters) for
the anticipated three-year study period. Tremolite will be
the first fiber type administered to test animals. Robert
Tardiff, ORD, (513) 684-7213 (EPA participant with NIEHS).
Cellular Transformation - A three-year study to determine
it cells in the large intestine of hamsters are transformed
as a result of asbestiform fiber ingestion began in the
fall of 1975. Robert Tardiff, ORD, (513) 684-7213.
Mutagenesis and Co-Carcinogenesis - A variety of fiber types
will be tested in vitro to document mutagenesis and co-
carcinogenesis potential. Results are expected by 1979.
Robert Tardiff, ORD, (513) 684-7213.
Health Effects of Mine Samples - Asbestos samples from a
Minnesota mine will be administered to rats by various
exposure routes. Carcinogenicity will be documented, as
will effects on organs, especially the lungs and pleura.
The three to four-year study has just begun. David Coffin,
ORD, (919) 549-8411. .
Impact of A/C Pipe - A study of several communities in
Connecticut may help determine if the use of asbestos/
cement pipe in transporting drinking water has any impact
on increased cancer mortality. This study was prompted
by the identification of 24 cases of peritoneal mesothelioma.
Results are expected by the end of the year. Dr. Gunther
Graun, ORD, (513) 684-7217.
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Regional Epidemiological Survey - The San Francisco Bay
area will be surveyed to determine if patterns of cancer
occurrence can be correlated with asbestos in drinking water
sources. This two-year project should be reported in
early 1978. Lee McCabe, ORD, (513) 684-7211.
Talc Refining - A detailed study has been undertaken in
upstate New York to document environmental levels of
asbestiform fibers near a talc facility and mortality and
morbidity data on workers. John Dement, NIOSH, (513) 684-
3191 and H.P. Richardson, MESA, (202) 235-8132.
Study of Workers in Underground Mines - An epidemiology
study of workers in underground mines is being conducted.
Environmental, mortality, and morbidity data will be col-
lected and correlations sought with mined substances, in-
cluding asbestos. Data should be reported in mid-1977.
John Dement, NIOSH, (-513) 684-3191 and H.P. Richardson,
MESA, (202) 235-8132.
Impact on Aquatic Species - Bioassay experiments to deter-
mine if the asbestos fiber content of Lake Superior water
may affect the results of toxicity tests will be completed
in 1976. Philip Cook, ORD, (218) 727-6692.
CURRENT AND PROJECTED SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS, AND
EXPOSED POPULATIONS
Production and Use Trends The 1976 report on asbestos
mining and use is expected in September. R.A. Clifton,
Bureau of Mines, (202) 634-1206.
Materials Balance - A study of the commercial movement of
asbestos from mining to disposal should be completed in
mid-1977. Robert Carton, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
Leaching froar A/C Pipe The potential for asbestos to
leach from asbestos/cement pipe in a variety of circum-
stances is being studied. The results of this series of
six-month tests will be reported in late 1977. Earl Mc-
Farren, ORD, (513) 684-7236.
Runoff from Roads - Six sites are being selected for the
identification and enumeration of asbestos fibers by type
in road dust. Data are expected to be reported in early
1978. Byron Lord, DOT, (202) 426-4980.
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National Monitoring Program - Water supplies of selected
U.S. cities, effluents from selected mining and manufacturing
sites, runoff from selected natural sites, and emissions
from selected taconite milling plants will be sampled and
analyzed for asbestos fibers. Phase I (water) of the study
will be completed by mid-1976. Phase II (air) will be com-
pleted by December 1976. Robert Carton, OTS, (202) 755-
0300.
Levels in Lake Superior - Levels of asbestos in Lake Superior,
rivers emptying into Lake Superior, and water intakes from
Lake Superior are being established. Samples were collected
in 1974, and a report is due later this year. William Fair-
less, Region V, (312) 353-8370.
Fugitive Dust Study - A pilot study is being conducted to
analyze fugitive dust from asbestos/cement waste piles and
milling waste piles. The first phase of this study has been
completed, and an expanded study on asbestos/cement wastes
is slated for completion later this year. David Oestreich,
ORD, (919) 549-8411.
Interim Method for Analysis of Water Samples - An interim
method for measurement of asbestos fibers in water is being
prepared for promulgation in late 1976. Charles Anderson,
ORD, (404) 546-3525.
Rapid Method for Analysis of Fibers in Water - A two-year
contract was initiated in 1975 to develop a rapid method
for determining asbestos fiber levels in water. The report
is due in 1977. Charles Anderson, ORD, (404) 546-3525.
Sample Storage Conditions and Sample Preparation - A study
of the changes in asbestos samples resulting from storage
conditions and sample preparation is underway. Charles
Anderson, ORD, (404) 546-3525.
Evaluation of Electron Microscope Methods for Analysis - An
evaluation of electron microscope methods for measurement
of airborne asbestos concentrations and the development of
an optimal measurement procedure are under study. This
activity will be completed in 1977. Jack Wagman, ORD, (919)
549-8411.
Improved Method of Measurement in Air - A method is being
refined for the improvement in accuracy of measurements of
asbestos fibers in air. Philip Cook, ORD, (218) 727-6692.
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Improved Method of Sampling in Stack Gases - The develop-
ment of an improved sampling method for asbestos fibers
in stack gases and a refined analytical method are being J
developed. This-effort should be completed in 1976. Louis
Paley, OE, (202) 755-8137.
SUBSTITUTES, CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, AND RELATED COSTS AND
ECONOMIC FACTORS
Water Supply Treatment Demonstration Faci1i ty - A demon-
stration facility for full-scale removal of asbestiform
fibers is due to be completed in Duluth in early 1977.
It will be operated as an experiment for three years.
Earl McFarren, ORD, (513) 684-7236.
Pilot Plant Studies - A pilot plant (15-20 gpm) for removal
of chrysotile asbestos from water is scheduled to be com-
pleted later this year. Testing at this facility will be
based on the experiences gained in Duluth. Gary Logsdon,
ORD, (513) 684-7228.
Control of Discharges from Solid Wastes - Studies to develop
techniques for control of emissions from asbestos-containing
waste piles at asbestos/cement pipe manufacturing sites are
due to be reported by the end of the year. Mary Stinson,
ORD, (201) 548-3414.
Tracer Pibers - A pilot study of incorporating radioactive
tritium into asbestiform fibers has been successfully com-
pleted. Tritiated chrysotile fibers will be available for
research activities by the end of the year. Richard Bull,
ORD, (513) 684-7217.
Economic Impactof ControTs^- The potential economic impact
of several possible approaches for controlling asbestos
will be studied, beginning later this year. Robert Carton,
OTS, (202) 755-0300.
CONTROL OPTSQNS, REGULATORY ACTIONS, AND ATTENDANT IMPACTS
»
Drinking Water Standard - Asbestos is one of the contaminants
being considered in a study by the National Academy of
Sciences on the health effects of contaminants in drinking
water as a requirement of the Safe Drinking Water Act. The
report is due December 15, 1976. Edgar Jeffrey, WSD, (202)
426-8877.
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Hazardous Air Pollutant Standard - Iron ore beneficiation
plants are being studied to determine the feasibility and
desirability of 'extending coverage of current Hazardous
Air Pollutant Standards to this possible source of asbestos
Gilbert Wood, OAQPS, (919) 688-8146 X-295.
Workplace Standard - A downward revision of the workplace
exposure limit has been proposed. After economic impact
studies are completed.and public hearings have been held,
the revised standard may be promulgated. William Warren,
OSHA, (202) 523-7177.
Workplace Studies - The brake lining and clutch rebuilding
industries are being studied to determine the best means
for protecting workers. This classification of workers
is not presently covered by workplace standards, and re-
commendations may be sent to OSHA before the end of the
year. John Dement, NIOSH, (513) 684-3191.
Mine Safety Standard - The mine safety standards for metal
and nonmetal industries, including asbestos, will probably
be revised later in 1976. H.P, Richardson, MESA, (202)
235-8307.
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ARSENIC
GENERAL STUDIES
Overview of Environmental Considerations - A report has
been prepared describing four major areas: industrial
sources of arsenic emissions, commercial flow of arsenic
trioxide and its derivatives, hazards presented to man
and the environment, and preliminary assessments of pos-
sible controls. Robert Carton, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
Review of Literature on Erivironmerital Hazards - The National
Academy of Sciences is preparing a critical review of the
existing literature on the environmental hazards of arsenic.
The report is expected in August 1976. Dr. Orin Stopinski,
ORD, (919) 549-8611, X-266.
Environmental Hazard Assessment - A Scientific and Technical
Assessment Review 'of arsenic is being developed. Dr. Orin
Stopinski, ORD, (919) 549-8611, X-266.
Review of Arsenical Pesticides - A broad, multidisciplinary
in-house review report on arsenical pesticides will be
published later in 1976. Dr. Robert Potrepka, ORD, (202)
557-7480.
Review of Arsenical Pesticides - A second internal review
of arsenical pesticides will also be released for publi-
cation in 1976. Dr. Homer Fairchild, OPP», (202) 557-7725.
Review of Environmental Effects - A literature search is
documenting available information on chemical and physical
properties, health effects on humans and other organisms,
analytical methods, and media distribution of arsenic and
its compounds. A draft report has been prepared, and will
soon be published. Dr. Gerald Stara, ORD, (513) 684-7407.
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR
Acute Oral, Dermal, andTntratracheal Toxicity - Studies
documenting acute toxicity by several routes of exposure
are scheduled to be reported in June 1977. Cacodylic acid,
monosodium metharsonate (MSMA), and disodium metharsonate
(DSMA) are being used. Weanling and adult rodents will be
tested, and the results will be reported for any impact of
age or sex on toxicity. Lawrence Hall, ORD, (919) 549-8411.
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Subacute Toxicity - The subacute toxicity of cacodylic
acid, MSMA, and DSMA will be determined, using 90-day
LD5Q and chronicity factors. Rodents will first be fed
pesticide formulations and then pure compounds. The
cacodylic acid report is expected by January 1977, and the
MSMA/DSMA reports in January 1978. Lawrence Hall, ORD,
(919) 549-8411, X-606.
Absorption, Excretion, Distribution, and Metabolism - The
absorption, excretion, distribution, and metabolism of
cacodylic acid, MSMA, and DSMA will be studied. These re-
sults should be available in 1978. Lawrence Hall, ORD,
(919) 549-8411, X-606.
Fetotoxicity - An assessment and quantification of fetotoxic
effects of cacodylic acid in rats and mice is being made.
The report is due in September. Neil Chernoff, ORD, (919)
549-8411, X-327.
Acute Inhalation Toxicity - Inhalation exposures of rats
and mice to cacodylic acid, MSMA, and DSMA have been com-
pleted, and the acute broncho-pulmonary effects are being
evaluated. A full report is expected shortly. James
Stevens, ORD, (919) 549-8411, X-233.
Subacute and Chronic Inhalation Toxicity - Evaluations of
the subacute and chronic broncho-pulmonary effects of ex-
posure to fractions of acute LCsp's of cacodylic acid,
MSMA, and DSMA are scheduled in the future. James Stevens,
ORD, (919) 549-8411, X-233.
Arsenic in Drinking Water - The drinking water of a com-
munity with a high rate of skin cancer is being analyzed
to determine the presence of chemical species of arsenic.
A control drinking water supply is also being analyzed.
The species of arsenic identified will then be used in
animal studies directed to carcinogenic potential. The
final report is scheduled for January 1979. Robert Tar-
diff, ORD, (513) 684-7213.
Epidemiological Studies in Baltimore and Tacoma - Epidemio-
logical studies of individuals living near industrial sources
of arsenic in Baltimore, Maryland, and Tacoma, Washington,
are being conducted. These are expected to be reported
by the end of the year. Robert Carton, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
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Study of Children Near Smelters - An epidemiological study
of children around twenty-two smelters which discharge
arsenic was completed in June 1976. Blood, urine, hair,
and dust samples were collected and analyzed. The report
is in draft, and will soon be finalized. Carl Hays, ORD,
(919) 549-8411, X-674. (In cooperation with CDC)
In-Depth Epidemiological Studies Near Six Smelters - Six
smelters will be selected for in-depth epidemiological
and monitoring studies. Routes of exposure will be deter-
mined for individuals in all age groups. The activity will
include 30 to 45 days of environmental monitoring. Warren
Gelke, ORD, (919) 549-8411, X-861.
Bioaccumulatiqn Potential - A series of tests is being
conducted to determine the bioaccumulation potential of
four arsenical compounds (trioxide, pentoxide, sodium
methyl arsenate, and dimethyl arsenate) in four aquatic
species (snails, Gammarus, rainbow trout, and Daphnia).
The final report is'due in June 1977. Robert Spehar, ORD,
(218) 727-6692.
Transport and Fate - The behavior of arsenic in a terrestrial
(grassland and forest floor) and an aquatic (littoral zone
of a lake) ecosystem will be documented in a three-year
study scheduled for completion in June 1978. Site-specific
protocols are due to be developed by May 1977. Robert Van
Hook, ORNL, (615) 483-8611, X-36488.
Transport and Fate in River Systems - Studies on the fate
and transport 'of arsenic in river systems will be initiated
in October 1976. George Baughman, ORD, (404) 546-3145.
Impact on Agriculture - Ongoing studies address (1) arse-
nite, MSMA, and cacodylic acid in farm ponds, (2) MSMA and
cacodylic acid in vegetation control of forests, and (3)
MSMA in soils and crops. Edward Woolsen, USDA, (301) 344-
3076.
Ecological Impact of Smelter Emissions - The environmental
and ecological impacts of arsenic emissions from smelters
are being evaluated. At the same time, the impacts of heavy
metal emissions will be analyzed. The report is due in
January 1977. Robert Carton, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
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CURRENT AND PROJECTED SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS, AND
EXPOSED POPULATIONS
Meteorological Modelling - A meteorological modelling study
is underway to help determine the ambient air concentration of
arsenic released from the Tacoma smelter. The ambient
air concentration will be determined from stack emissions
and fugitive low level emissions. Kenneth Lepic, Region
X, (206) 442-1125.
Measurement Capability - A state-of-the-art assessment of
measurement capability for arsenic and its compounds will
address techniques for measuring ambient levels, effluents,
sediments, and biota. A report is expected later this
year. Charles Plost, ORD, (202) 426-2026.
SUBSTITUTES, CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, AND RELATED COSTS AND
ECONOMIC FACTORS
Smelter Control Technology and Costs A review of techno-
logy available to give a higher degree of control of arsenic
from smelters is underway. Also, the economic impact of
implementing this technology will be studied. A report on
the control technology is expected by September 1976. A
report on the economic impact is due by December 1976.
Kenneth Kepic, Region X, (206) 442-1125.
Japanese "Emission Control Technology - A study to evaluate
emission sources, emissions, and control technology of
Japanese smelters with regard to sulfur oxides, particulates,
and trace elements will start soon. A final report is ex-
pected by January 1977. Conrad Kleveno, OIA, (202) 755-
0533.
Electrostatic Precipitator Applications A design manual
will be developed for ESP applications in non-ferrous in-
dustries. It will include evaluations of ESP performance
in at least three copper smelters, two zinc smelters, and
one lead smelter. -Sampling and analysis for trace metal
constituents will be conducted at the same time. Margaret
Stasikowski, ORD, (513) 684-4491.
Leaching and Fixation Techniques - A grant has been awarded
to Montana Tech Foundation Mineral Research Center to develop
a number of leaching and fixation techniques for arsenic-
bearing solid wastes from smelters. Margaret Stasikowski,
ORD, (513) 684-4491.
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Disposal of Arsenic-Bearing Wastes - A laboratory study
will determine the effectiveness of fixation processes on
arsenic-bearing wastes. Donald Banning, ORD, (513) 684-
7871.
Waste Disposal Technology A review of waste disposal
technology has been conducted. Guidelines may be issued
in the future. Fred Lindsey, OSWMP, (202) 755-9206.
CONTROL OPTIONS, REGULATORY ACTIONS, AND ATTENDANT IMPACTS
Review of Arsenical Pesticides - Arsenic is a candidate
for rebuttable presumption proceeding under Section 3 of
FIFRA. A determination under this proceeding will be made
by May 1977. Ronald Dreer, OPP, (202) 755-5687.
Interim Drinking Water Standards - A maximum permissible
concentration of 0.05 mg/1 for arsenic in drinking water
has been promulgated. This concentration is currently
being reviewed in connection with the development of
additional standards in 1977. Joseph Cotruvo, OWS, (202)
755-5643.
Water Quality Criteria - A concentration of 50 ug/1 has
been proposed for total arsenic as a water quality criterion.
David Critchfield, OWPS, (202) 245-3042.
Effluent Guidelines - The revision of best available
technology limitations will include considerations of
arsenic. A broad examination is being directed to the
best approach for controlling arsenic. Guidelines for
some industrial categories can be expected within the next
three years. Ernst Hall, OWPS, (202) 426-2576.
Hazardous Material Spills Arsenic is included in the
preliminary listing of hazardous chemicals under Section
311 of FWPCA. Mandatory reporting of any spill and
clean-up and civil penalties are contemplated. Promul-
gation of the final regulation is being considered for
late 1976. Allen Jennings, OWPS, (202) 245-0607.
Air Pollution Assessment - An assessment of arsenic as
an air contaminant will include a summary of the analysis
of the National Air Sampling Network samples and other
air samples around nine smelters. A final report is due
in mid-1976. Josephine Cooper. OAQPS, (919) 688-8146,
X-501.
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New Source Performance Standards Arsenic data are being
collected from process sources at primary cooper, zinc,
and lead smelters. Whether standards are set under Section
111 of the Clean Air Act is contingent on these data and
the air pollution assessment. The overall study will take
two years. Allen Vervaert, OAQPS, (919) 549-8411, X-301.
Workplace Standards Revised arsenic workplace standards
were proposed in January 1975. The final review of the
inflationary impact statement is being completed. After
this review and hearings, the final standard may be pro-
mulgated. Gerald Weinstein, OSHA, (202) 523-7186.
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BENZIDINE
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR
Carcinogenic Potential at Low Dose Levels - Animal feeding
studies7 together with metabolism studies, are underway at
the National Center for Toxicological Research. These
studies are intended to demonstrate improved testing approaches
to characterizing carcinogens at low dose levels. William
Marcus, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
CURRENT AND PROJECTED SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS, AND
EXPOSED POPULATIONS
Monitoring Method Development - Appropriate analytical
methods for benzidine will be selected by August 1976.
Three EPA laboratories are considering available methods
for reliability, detection limits, and feasibility in
all media. Initial evaluations were completed in June,
and the recommendations will soon follow. John Moran, ORD,
(202) 426-2026.
Field Monitoring - Monitoring activities will be considered
when an appropriate method is available. Vincent DeCarlo,
OTS, (202) 755-6956.
CONTROL OPTIONS, REGULATORY ACTIONS, AND ATTENDANT IMPACTS
Toxic Effluent Standard - A toxic effluent standard under
Section 307(a) of FWPCA was proposed in June 1976, and
hearings have begun. Kent Ballentine, OWPS, (202) 245-
3030.
Effluent Guidelines Industrial categories for which
effluent guidelines were established under Section 304 of
FWPCA will be reviewed to determine the potential for
benzidine release in their effluents. Walter Hunt, OWPS,
(202) 426-2724.
Hazardous Spills - Benzidine is being studied for possible
inclusion under the hazardous spill provisions of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Sec. 311). Michael
Flaherty, OWPS, (202) 245-3047-
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ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR
Health Effects on Workers - Background information is being
gathered on residue levels, epidemiology, carcinogenicity,
and inhalation toxicity for a report to be completed in
1976. Dr. Roscoe Moore, NIOSH, (301) 443-3843.
Teratogenicity - A laboratory experiment addressed the
teratogenic potential to mice via inhalation. Positive
results were obtained at 32 ppm. The final report has just
become available. William Coniglio, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
Carcinogenicity Animal inhalation studies began in April
1976.Dr. Cipriano Cueto, NCI, (202) 496-4875.
Monograph on Carcinogenic Risk The International Agency
for Research on Cancer is preparing a monograph on carcino-
genic potential with publication estimated for February
1978. Dr. H. Kraybill, NCI, (301) 496-1625.
CURRENT AND PROJECTED SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS, AND
EXPOSED POPULATIONS
Vegetation Exposure - Land use patterns and non-point
source emissions are being studied in an assessment of
the impact of production facilities in Magnolia and El
Dorado, Arkansas. A report will be available in mid-1976.
In addition, infrared color aerial photos are being taken
over El Dorado to obtain indications of vegetation stress
that may be resulting from fallout attributable to the
plants. The results should be available in early July.
Allen Waters, ORD, (703) 347-6224.
Monitoring Near Production Plants This study will deter-
mine ambient air concentrations{if any) in the vicinity
of two production plants near Magnolia and El Dorado,
Arkansas. Frank Hall, Region VI, (214) 749-3971.
Environmental Levels Associated with Pesticide Usage This
program is developing data on environmental levels near
sites where EDB is used as a pesticide. G. Rohwer, USDA,
(202) 436-8261 and William Coniglio, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
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Environmental Levels Resulting from Use in Gasoline En-
vironmental levels in air and water are being determined
at urban and rural sites to help delineate the zone of
impact from suspected sources, e.g., gas stations, vehi-
cular traffic, and storage facilities. Sampling sites
are located in Arizona, California, Kansas, New Jersey,
and Oklahoma. William Coniglio, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
CONTROL OPTIONS, REGULATORY ACTIONS, AND ATTENDANT IMPACTS
Review of Registered Pesticides Registered pesticide
uses are being reviewed in connection with possible limitations
under the rebuttable presumption procedure. A decision
under this procedure is expected in late 1976. H. Hall,
OPP, (202) 755-8053.
Air Pollution Assessment - A review of the general lite-
rature and modelling of anticipated ambient air levels have
been completed. This report will be used as a basis for
developing recommendations concerning possible regulatory
action. Richard Johnson, OAQPS, (919) 688-8146, X-501.
Criteria Document for Workplace Exposure - A criteria
document is scheduled for initiation in early 1977 with
a nine-month completion time. Dr. Robert Mas.on, NIOSH,
(513) 684-8209.
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HEXACHLOROBENZENE
GENERAL STUDIES
Toxicity and Environmental Exposure - An overview of the
hazards, types and levels of exposure, and potential sources
is being developed. William Coniglio, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR
Reproduction Study in Rats - A three-generation rat repro-
duction study to determine the impact of low levels of HCB
exposure has been completed. The report will be available
in a few weeks. Dr. August Curley, ORD, (919) 549-8411, X-655.
Chronic Effects - A two-year feeding study to establish
the types of chronic effects has been completed. Histo-
pathological findings should be available by December 1976.
Dr. Harold Smalley, USDA, (713) 846-1371.
Chronic Toxicity in Dog^iB A twelve-month dog feeding study
will be completed in September 1976. Analyses of blood
sera for immunological changes are in process. William
Coniglio, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
Carcinogenicity Testing - Two carcinogenicity studies have
been undertaken, including determination of the carcinogeni-
city in animals receiving a vitamin-deficient diet. Dr. S.
Charbonneau, Canadian Ministry of Health, (613) 996-3117.
Toxicity Studies on Swine, Dogs, and Poultry The oral
toxicity using multiple exposure levels is being studied
to provide information on the impact of residue levels
in feed. Gross effects have been noted, as well as the
details of histopathology investigations and blood examinations
Dr. Richard Teske, FDA, (202) 344-2556.
Effects on Aquatic Organisms Acute and chronic toxicity
studies of the toxicity of HCB to crayfish and fish as well
as accumulation and depuration rates in aquatic organisms
have been conducted. The final report has just become
available. William Coniglio, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
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Accumulation and Excretion in Cattle - The rate of accumu-
lation and excretion in beef cattle is being studied at
Louisiana State University. Histopathological evaluations
of tissues collected during feeding trials are being com-
pleted. Dr. Edwin Goode, USDA, (202) 344-2714.
Tpxicity in Fish - Thirty-day bioconcentration tests, as
well as toxicity bioassays, have been carried out in
selected species of fish. The results should be available
in October 1976. Oilman Veith, ORD, (218) 727-6692.
Transport and Fate - The behavior in a terrestrial (grass-
land and forest floor) and an aquatic (littoral zone of a
lake) ecosystem will be documented in a three-year study
due to be completed in July 1978. Site-specific protocols
are scheduled for development by May 1977. Robert Van Hook,
ORNL, (615) 483-8611, X-36488.
CURRENT AND PROJECTED SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS, AND
EXPOSED POPULATIONS
Environmental Concentrations Associated with Production
Activities - The level of environmental contamination
immediately adjacent to production facilities has been
determined. Levels in air, water, and soil will be pre-
sented in a report that should be completed by August 1976.
William Coniglio, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
Levels in Sediments and Fish - Routine monitoring downstream
of industrial facilities has identified levels of up to
1.9 ppm in fish and up to 30 ppm in sedimeaits in Michigan.
John Hesse, State of Michigan, (517) 343-0927.
Levels in Drinking Water - The National Organics Reconnais-
sance Survey has found HCB in the ppb range in five of the
supplies being monitored. Joseph Cotruvo, OWS, (202) 755-
5643.
Levels in Human Tissue - Seventeen hundred human adipose
tissue samples are being analyzed for HCB as well as other
contaminants. Several new methods (Derivitization Techni-
que, Coulson Technique) are being used to confirm ppb levels
measured by an electron capture mode. Dr. Frederick Kutz,
OPP, C202) 755-8060.
Levels in Mother's Milk - HCB has been found in more than
70 percent of the mother's milk recently sampled in a
nation-wide survey. The mean level was 87 ppb and the
maximum 260 ppb. A formal report has not been prepared.
Dr. Jack Griffith, OPP, (202) 755-2778.
16-
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Occurrence in the Domestic Meat Supply Measurements are
being performed on the domestic and imported meat supply.
Periodic reports are issued. Dr. John Spalding, USDA,
(202) 447-2807.
Food Contamination - Periodic reports are issued on measure-
ments in routinely collected food samples. Paul Corneliussen,
FDA, (202) 245-1152.
CONTROL OPTIONS, REGULATORY ACTIONS, AND ATTENDANT IMPACTS
Water Quality Criteria - HCB is one of the chlorinated
benzene compounds which will be studied to develop a basis
for water quality criteria. The report and recommendations
are expected in early 1978. John Carroll, OWPS, (202)
245-3042.
Development of Solid Waste Disposal Guidelines :..••* Guidelines
for the disposal of HCB are being developed.Studies of
volatilization and leaching characteristics are providing
part of the basis for the recommendations. John Lehman,
OSWMP, (202) 755-9185.
-17- ,
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HEXACHLOROBUTAD I ENE
GENERAL STUDIES
General Literature Review •§»• An overview of low molecular
weight haloalkenes, to be completed in November 1976,
will include consideration of chemical and physical pro-
perties, methods of analysis, sources and background levels,
and control technology. Emily Copenhaver, ORNL, (615)
483-8611, X-36823.
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR
Review of Russian Publications - A literature review has
resulted in a compilation of mostly Russian -language
articles. Translations have been obtained, and analysis
of the information is in process. William Coniglio, OTS,
(202) 755-0300.
Environmental Effects - Aquatic ecosystems studies have
recently been completed. Mortality, histopathology , uptake,
and bioaccumulation were investigated. William Coniglio,
OTS, (202) 755-0300.
CURRENT AND PROJECTED SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS, AND
EXPOSED POPULATIONS
Industrial Release Potential - Several synthetic organic
chemical industries were evaluated for potential release of
chemicals into the environment. The report indicates for-
mation of HCBD as a waste from several industries, including
perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and carbon tetra-
chloride manufacturing. William Coniglio, OTS, (202)
755-0300.
Monitoring Near Industrial Sites - Monitoring of water,
sediment, and biota near industrial areas in Michigan has
recently been completed. HCBD was detected in several
media. John Hesse, Michigan Department of Water Resources,
(517) 373-0927.
Levels in Food $' Food samples monitored since 1974, in-
dicate the presence of HCBD in a few fish samples taken
in the Mississippi River delta. Paul Corneliussen, FDA,
(202) 245-1152.
-18-
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POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR
Health Effects Summary - A summary of current health effects
data, including populations exposed and levels of exposure,
has just been released. This report is designed to assist
regulatory agencies. Dr. Albert Kolby, FDA, (202) 245-
1301.
Teratology and Fertility Concerns - The effects on litter
size and off-spring of rats are being studied. A report
should be available in late 1976. Dr. Elaine Cecil, USDA,
(301) 344-2099.
Rat Feeding Study - A rat feeding study, scheduled for com-
pletion in August 1976, is examining residue concentrations
in various organs and characterizing pathological findings.
Dr. Elaine Cecil, USDA, (301) 344-2099.
Single-Dose Investigations in Rats Adverse effects of
single oral doses on rats will be investigated. A report
is due in early 1977. Dr. Renate Kimbrough, CDC, (404)
633-3311, X-5235.
Epidemiological Studies A total of 4,000 persons will be
monitored over the next several years to document the
effects of human ingestion of these chemicals. Phil
Landrigan, CDC, (404) 633-3311, X-3166.
Cattle Studies - A two-year study to document toxicity,
distribution, and excretion in cattle was initiated in
mid-1975. Dr. Richard Teske, FDA, (301) 344-2556.
Chicken Reproduction -Hi Two studies document the effects
of ingestion.The first study focuses on the impacts on
feeding, egg production, chicken embryos, chick growth,
and chick viability, as well as bioaccumulation in eggs.
The second entails pathological examination of the organs
of young chickens and hematological tests. Dr'. Robert
Ringer, Michigan State University, (517) 353-8414.
Egg Production - The effects of exposure on laying hens,
including residues in eggs, residue depletion, and hatch-
ability, should be reported within the month. Dr. Elaine
Cecil, USDA, (301) 344-3099.
Behavior in Soils Detailed analyses of leaching, absorp-
tion, microbial degradation, and plant uptake in soils
will be completed by mid-1977. Dr. Lee Jacobs, Michigan
State University, (517) 353-7273.
-19-
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Degradation Products - The occurrence of furans as a con-
taminant resulting from PBB degradation is being investi-
gated. A report is due in late 1976. Dr. George Fries,
USDA, (301) 344-3076.
CURRENT AND PROJECTED SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS, AND
EXPOSED POPULATIONS
Estimation of Exposed Population - Ten thousand individuals
have been identified in demographic studies as having been
impacted by the Michigan feed contamination incident.
Dr. Harold Humphrey, Michigan Department of Public Health,
(517) 373-2037.
Exposure Through Milk Consumption The distribution of
milk products from four affected herds was studied to
determine the extent of contamination. The results are
in preparation. Dr. Mary Zabik, Michigan State University,
(517) 353-5251.
Environmental Levels - The Pine River area is being monitored
to determine trends in contamination levels. John Hesse,
State of Michigan, (517) 343-0927.
Monitoring Methods Assistance is being provided on methods
for identifying sources, techniques for eliminating them,
and protoc6ls for analyzing samples. Karl Bremmer, Region
V, (312) 353-1459.
Levels in Human Adipose Tissues - Data on levels in adipose
tissues are being obtained.Dr". Frederick Kutz, OPP, (202)
755-8060.
SUBSTITUTES, CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, AND RELATED COSTS AND
ECONOMIC FACTORS
Effects of Cooking - A study to determine the possibility
that cooking will drive PBB's out of chicken meat is in
progress. The results are expected within the next month.
Dr. Mary Zabik, Michigan State University, (517) 353-5251.
-20-
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POYLCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS
GENERAL STUDIES
Activities of Government Agencies Regarding Inventories,
Substitutes, and Housekeeping - Meetings have been held
with senior officials of several Government agencies which
(a) own or operate electrical equipment containing PCB's,
or (b) are responsible for Governmental procurement of
PCB-containing products. These agencies have been urged
to provide an inventory of the current Governmental usage
of such products and an evaluation of the steps they are
takirg to (a) introduce substitutes, and (b) reduce PCB
discharges into the environment. George Wirth, OTS, (202)
755-6179.
Technical Information Exchange with States - The Governors
of the States have been asked to work with EPA in reducing
environmental discharges of PCB's. To assist, EPA is
developing a technical information exchange program. George
Wirth, OTS, (202) 755-6179.
Consultations with OECD on Uses, Labeling, and Reporting -
Discussions are continuing with the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development concerning the efforts of mem-
ber countries to reduce the need for PCB's. Also of con-
cern is the consistency of labeling and reporting activities
directed to PCB's and products containing PCB's. At the
most recent meeting in June 1976, recommendations were for-
warded to the OECD Environmental Council for consideration
at its meeting in July. Jack Thompson, OlA, (202) 755-0430.
Industrial Task Forces on Substitutes and Housekeeping Pro-
cedures - Meetings have been held with senior representatives
ot firms which manufacture PCB's and transformers and capa-
citors containing PCB's, as well as with railway, transit,
and electrical utility organizations. Discussions have
considered replacements for PCB's, effluent controls, house-
keeping, and other immediate steps to reduce environmental
discharges of PCB's. Three industry task forces have com-
pleted their tasks and prepared, their reports which will
be published in August 1976. George Wirth, OTS, (202) 755-
6179.
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HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR
Health Effects Summary A summary of current health effects
data,including populations exposed and levels of exposure,
has just been released. Dr. Albert Kolby, FDA, (202) 245-
1301.
Drinking Water Contamination - The National Academy of
Sciences has been requested to review the health effects
of PCB's in drinking water. The Academy will provide in-
formation on the dose-response characteristics of PCB's
by December 1976, as a basis for determining whether a
standard is appropriate. Edgar Jeffrey, OWS, (202) 426-
8877.
Behavior in Soils - A review of existing literature to
determine the interactions of PCB's in soils is underway.
Also, as an adjunct to previously scheduled investigations
of leachates from selected landfills, investigations of
possible PCB .leakage are being concluded. A preliminary
report was published in May 1976. Alan Corson, OSWMP,
(202) 755-9187.
CURRENT AND PROJECTED SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS, AND.
EXPOSED POPULATIONS
Hydraulic and Heat Transfer Fluids - Preliminary assessments
indicate that PCB's have been widely used as hydraulic
fluids and heat transfer fluids and in other similar appli-
cations. An assessment of these uses, including current
recycling and reclamation practices, will assist in deter-
mining actions needed to curtail significant environmental
discharges. These studies are slated for completion in
December 1976. Thomas Kopp, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
Investment Casting - An analysis of the use of PCB's in
the investment casting industry will help clarify the ex-
tent of PCB usage, discharges from users, the industry's
dependency on PCB's, and the feasibility of substitutes.
Recommendations for follow-up actions will be made. These
are expected to be completed in December 1976. Thomas Kopp,
OTS, (202) 755-0300.
Pulp and Paper Industry Based on a preliminary survey
of the paper recycling industry, an attempt will be made
to assess the scope of environmental problems associated
with the occurrence of paper impregnated with PCB's. This
task is to be completed in December 1976. Thomas Kopp,
OTS, (202) 755-0300.
Inventory of PCB-Containing Carbonless Copy Paper An
inventory of GSA and DSA supply warehouses to determine
the quantities of used and unused PCB-contaminated carbon-
less copy paper is being conducted. Thomas Kopp, OTS, (202)
755-0300.
-22-
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Contamination of Imported Products - Once an analytical
procedure has been identified and standardized, selected
imported products will be tested for contamination by PCB's
and related materials. John Moran, ORD, (202) 426-2026.
Ambient Levels and Trends - Limited monitoring of air,
water, and soil at selected sites is being carried out to
document current and ambient levels of PCB's. Monitoring
is also conducted near specialized users of PCB's. Pre-
liminary results were correlated and published in May.
Vincent DeCarlo, OTS, (202) 755-6956.
Drinking Water Surveys - Drinking water supplies in 122
cities are being surveyed for various organic constituents,
including PCB's. The results will be available by February
1977. Edgar Jeffrey, OWS, (202) 426-8877.
Point-Source Information - Additional information concerning
the uses and environmental discharges of PCB's from point-
sources are being sought from industrial organizations
pursuant to Sees. 308 of the Federal Water Pollution Con-
trol Act, and 114 of the Clean Air Act. Carl Schafer, OE,
(202) 755-0750.
Human Adipose Tissues PCB's are among the environmental
contaminants being measured in the 1700 adipose tissue
samples taken from selected cities each year. Annual
reports are prepared in June. Dr. Frederick Kutz, EPA/OPP,
(202) 755-8060.
i
Levels in Air Limited preliminary air monitoring data
are being obtained near several facilities. These data
will be considered in determining whether a more intensive
monitoring effort is in order as a step to determining
the desirability, feasibility, and impact of an air standard.
Implementation of this effort awaits approval of an interim
monitoring method. Mike Jones, OAQPS, (919) 688-8501.
Consultations with Canada on Levels in Great Lakes - Con-
sultations with Canada on the contamination of the fishing
resources of the Great Lakes are continuing. The most re-
cent session was held in March. Conrad Kleveno, £PA/OIA,
C202) 755-8712.
Analytical Method - Although monitoring has been undertaken,
the analytical procedures used have not been standardized.
Available methods are being screened for reliability and
feasibility, and recommendations will be made for their
use in various media. John Moran, ORD, (202) 426-2026.
-23-
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Predictive Models - Mathematical models to predict environ-
mental distribution, leve.ls, and transport based on release
data are being developed." Thomas Kopp, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
SUBSTITUTES, CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, AND RELATED COSTS AND
ECONOMIC FACTORS
Solid Waste Management - A continuing program of technical
assistance provides guidance to public and private organi-
zations faced with practical disposal problems involving
hazardous substances, including PCB's. Advice is avail-
able on recycling, burial, incineration, and other possible
disposal techniques. Recommended procedures concerning
environmentally acceptable waste disposal practices for
PCB's and PCB-containing materials were published in the
Federal Register on April 1. William Wallace, OSWMP, (202)
755-9190.
Guidelines of the American National Standards Institute -
The ANSI Standards on PCB's are designed to improve the
handling, maintenance, disposal, and related environmental
aspects of PCB's and equipment containing PCB's. EPA is
actively participating in the current revision of this
standard which should be widely accepted throughout the
industrial sector. An initial draft of the revision is
in review. Thomas Kopp, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
Incineration of Capacitors - Test burns of PCB-containing
capacitors in a high-temperature incinerator were made
this spring. By-product formation at various temperatures
will be among the factors evaluated in the final report
due in August. John Schaum, OSWMP, (202) 755-9200.
Destructive Dechlorination - Several control technologies
for removal of PCB's from effluent streams were evaluated.
Destructive dechlorination was determined to have the
greatest potential utility. A demonstration grant is ex-
pected to be made within the next few months to provide
working scale application. Paul DesRosiers, ORD, (202)
755-9014.
»
Replacement Fluids - A continuing assessment of substitutes
for PCB's, including development of environmentally accep-
table replacement fluids, is necessary as PCB uses are
phased-out. A variety, of substitutes currently under
development are being considered as well as substitutes
which might be suggested at a later date. Two requests
for an evaluation of possible substitute fluids have re-
sulted in responses published in the June 9 Federal
Register. Thomas Kopp, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
-24-
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Harbor Studies - Studies under Section 115 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act concerning the removal of in-
place pollutants in harbors will give special consideration
to PCB's. Kenneth Mackenthun, OWPS, (202) 755-0100.
Lake Contamination - The Clean Lakes program provides a
mechanism to encourage States to consider contamination
from PCB's and their removal. A letter on this topic was
sent to all States in February 1976. Kenneth Mackenthun,
OWPS, (202) 755-0100.
v
Dredging of Sediments - The Corps of Engineers is consulting
with EPA on controlling possible transference of PCB's
from sediments to the water during dredging operations.
Vance Hughes, OWPS, (202) 755-0100.
CONTROL OPTIONS, REGULATORY ACTIONS, AND'ATTENDANT IMPACTS
Water Quality Criteria - A maximum level of 1 ppt in
navigable waters has been proposed as a Water Quality
Criterion under Sec. 304 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act. Leonard Guarraia, OWPS, (202) 245-3042.
Toxic Effluent Standard - A national water effluent standard
for PCB's under Section 307(a) of the Federal Water Pol-
lution Control Act has been proposed. Pretreatment standards
pursuant to Section 307(b) are under study. Kent Ballen-
tine, OWP^S, (202) 245-3030.
Effluent Guidelines - The need-for and feasibility of PCS
effluent guidelines based on Best Practical Technology for
those industries involved in the manufacturing of machinery
and mechanical products are being studied. If such guide-
lines are warranted, steps will be initiated in 1976 to
develop and incorporate discharge limitations into regu-
lations as appropriate. DeVereaux Barnes, OWPS, (202) 426-
2727.
Spill Prevention - Regulations designed to prevent spills
of PCB's into navigable waterways will be developed pur-
suant to Section 311 of the Federal Water Pollution Con-
trol Act. The proposed regulations should be ready for
publication in late 1976. Henry VanCleave, OWPS, (202)
245-3045.
Drinking Water Standard - If determined appropriate, a
drinking water standard will be proposed in early 1977.
Charles Hendricks, OWS, (202) 426-8877.
Tolerances in Food - Recent health effects reports are
being reviewed to determine if the temporary food tole-
rance for PCB's should be revised. Dr. Albert Kolby, FDA,
(202) 245-1301.
-25-
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Workplace Criteria Document - A criteria document which
will recommend to OSHA an appropriate workplace exposure
standard is in preparation. Richard Rhoden, NIOSH, (301)
443-3680.
State Regulatory Actions - Five states have adopted PCB
control acts.Others are examining the possibility of
establishing pretreatment standards. Thomas Kopp, OTS,
(202) 755-0300.
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VINYL CHLORIDE
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR
Carcinogenic Mechanisms - Two studies are being undertaken
in an effort to document the mechanism of cancer induction.
Joseph McLaughlin, CPSC, (202) 245-1445, and Robert Dixon,
NIEHS, (919) 688-8146, X-333.
Epidemiological Investigations in New England - An epidemio-
logical study of the population living near industries
using vinyl chloride should be reported in late 1976.
George Wirth, OTS, (202) 755-6179.
Epidemiological Investigations in Canada - An epidemiological
study is being conducted in Shawinigan, Quebec, which has
a high rate of liver cancer and a number of plastics manu-
facturers and users. Robert McGaughy, ORD, (202) 426-4637.
CURRENT AND PROJECTED SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS, AND
EXPOSED POPULATIONS
Residual Unreacted Monomer in Consumer Products Air samples
taken from automobiles, homes, and other sites where PVC
materials are used have been analyzed for unreacted monomer.
William Coniglio, OTS, (202) 755-0300.
Emissions From Landfills Landfills where PVC and related
wastes are disposed are being monitored for possible emis-
sions. Emery Lazar, OSWMP, (202) 755-9206.
Monitoring of Chemical Landfills Monitoring of selected
chemical landfill sites in New Jersey is in progress. Henry
Gluckstern, Region II, (212) 264-4430.
Levels in Food = Food samples are being analyzed with the
results expected shortly. Joseph Conrey, USDA, (202) 447-
2807. *
Migration from PVC Pipe - Studies are being conducted to
determine the potential for migration from PVC pipe into
drinking water. Preliminary data were reported in January
1976. Joseph Cotruvo, OWS, (202) 755-5643.
-27-
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Analytical Method Selection - The evaluation of analytical
methods for measurements in various media is in progress.
Recommendations are expected in August 1976. John Moran,
ORD, (202) 426-2026.
SUBSTITUTES, CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, AND RELATED COSTS AND
ECONOMIC FACTORS
Solid Waste Disposal Guidelines - Guidelines for disposal
of aerosol containers have been prepared and are in the
final stages of review. Walter Kovalek, OSWMP, (202) 755-
9187-
CONTROL OPTIONS, REGULATORY ACTIONS, AND ATTENDANT IMPACTS
Air Standard - A National Emission Standard for Hazardous
Air Pollutants under Sec. 112 of the Clean Air Act was pro-
posed in December 1975. The final standard has been
drafted, and' after necessary reviews, should be promulgated
in the fall. Susan Wyatt, OAQPS, (919) 688-8146, X-305.
Control of Leaching from Drinking Water Pipes - FDA and
EPA are reviewing their authorities which might be used
to control leaching from pipes and other equipment used
in transporting drinking water. Joseph Cotruvo, OWS, (202)
755-5643.
-28-
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VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR
Inhalation Toxicology in Mice - Inhalation toxicology
studies using mice are in progress. Preliminary results
have been reviewed, and the final results should be pub-
lished in late 1976. Dr. Joseph Seifter, OTS, (202) 755-
4803.
Inhalation Toxicology in Rats Industry-sponsored inhalation
toxicology studies using rats are expected to be completed
in 1976. The studies simulate workplace exposures. Jessie
Norris, Dow Chemical Company, (517) 636-1527.
Worker Exposure Incident in New Jersey A report on
medical investigations of workers exposed to VDC will be
issued in the fall. Dr. Bobby Craft, NIOSH, (513) 684-2427.
CURRENT AND PROJECTED SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS, AND
EXPOSED POPULATIONS
Analytical Methods The most feasible methods for analysis
in various media are under investigation. Three field
laboratories are evaluating the methods and are expected
to make recommendations in August 1976. John Moran, ORD,
(202) 426-2026.
Monitoring Near Industrial Sites Monitoring near selected
industrial sites will begin as soon as appropriate sampling
and analysis techniques have been identified. Perry Brunner,
OTS, (202) 755-6956.
Materials Balance Studies - Studies of the flow of VDC
through the economy and Into the environment are scheduled
for the near future. Perry Brunner, OTS, (202) 755-6956.
«
CONTROL OPTIONS, REGULATORY ACTIONS, AND ATTENDANT IMPACTS
Regulation Under the Clean Air Act A preliminary air
pollution assessment of VDC indicates that regulation
under Sections 111 or 112 of the Clean Air Act is not
warranted at this time. Robert Kellum, OAQPS, (919)
688-8146, X-501.
Worker Exposure Criteria Document - Development of a
criteria document is scheduled to begin in March 1977.
Vernon Rose, NIOSH, (301) 443-3680.
-29-
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Abbreviations of Organizations
Environmental Protection Agency
OAQPS
OE
OIA
OPP
ORD
OSWMP
OTS
OWPS
OWS
Office of Air Quality Planning § Standards
Office of Enforcement
Office of International Activities
Office of Pesticide Programs
Office of Research § Development
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs
Office of Toxic Substances
Office of Water Planning § Standards
Office of Water Supply
Region II |f| Regional Office, New York, New York
Region V fr Regional Office, Chicago, Illinois
Region VI jf Regional Office, Dallas, Texas
Region 'X IB Regional Office, Seattle, Washington
Other Organizations
CDC - Center for Disease Control
DOA wife Department of Agriculture
DOT - Department of Transportation
FDA - Food and Drug Administration
MESA - Mining Enforcement § Safety Administration
NCI National Cancer Institute
NIEHS - National Institute for Environmental
Health Sciences
NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health
ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory
OSHA - Occupational Safety § Health Administration
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA 560/4-76-006
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Identification of Selected Federal Activities
Directed to Chemicals of Near-Term Concern
5. REPORT DATE
July 1976
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Office of Toxic Substances
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agengy
Office of Toxic Substances
401 "M" Street, S.W.
Washington, B.C. 20460
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Toxic Substances
401 "M" Street, S.W.
Washington, B.C. 20460
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This Report is intended to assist Federal agencies and other
interested organizations obtain current information on the on-going
activities of EPA directed to selected chemicals of near-term con-
cern. In addition to identifying the principal EPA programs re-
lated .to these chemicals, the Report also includes significant
activities of other organizations when that information is available.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Asbestos Polychlorinated Biphenyl
Arsenic Vinyl Chloride
Benzidine Vinylidene Chloride
Ethylene Bibromide
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobutadiene
Polybrominated Biphenyls
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
36
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
it US. GOVERNMENT PMNTINS OFFICE: 1976- 210-810/166
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