United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air and Radiation
6202J
EPA 430-K-95-002
November 1994
vvEPA
Atmospheric Pollution
Prevention Division
INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP
M E T H
OUTREACH
RESIDENTIAL
EPA POLLUTION PREVENTER
ENERGY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION
reen
S Lights
JH
^ I
tNEKY EFFICIENCY*
POUimON PREVENTION
1994 flccomplishments
and Prospects for 1995
U.S./GAZPROM
KK
LANDFILL METHANE
OUTREACH PROGRAM
NaturalGas
EPA POLLUTION PREVENTER
Recycted/Recyclabte
Printed on paper that contains
at least 50% recycled fiber
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Mission Statement
The Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Division seeks to form voluntary partnerships with
business, government, and nonprofit groups to profitably prevent air pollution.
We believe that profit is a creative force that can improve the environment by stimulating
investment and innovation to produce more for less, the essence of a sound environment.
Four principles guide our efforts to accomplish this mission:
Voluntary agreements should be based on profit because they will be self-sustaining,
harness market forces, and have positive cascading effects,
The voluntary agreements we develop should always encourage improved quality and
performance in systems being affected, with our partners always retaining
decisionmaking over their own operations and products,
Our programs should operate on sound business principles and without red tape,
Our programs should seek to stimulate competition, which is the source of continuous
improvement and innovation.
As you read through the selected accomplishments in this brochure I invite you to let us
know how we can improve the services and programs we support. We take our responsibil-
ity to continually improve as an important duty for the trust that taxpayers have placed in us
by supporting our programs.
John S. Hoffman, Director
Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Division
Page i '
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Contents
BUILDINGS
Statement of Challenge 1
Green Lights
Green Lights MOU in Brief 2
Marketing 3
Implementation 4
Green Lights Partner and Allies of the Year1994 5
Energy Star Showcase Buildings 6
Energy Star Buildings Manual 7
RPM-Static Pressure Reset 8
Rooftop Air Conditioners 9
Building Technologies Modeling 10
Office Equipment
Energy Star Computers 11
Energy Star Copiers and Fax Machines 12
RESIDENTIAL ^
^J"-
ENERCV EFFICIENCY!
RESIDENTIAL PROGRAM
Statement of Challenge , 13
Financing Analysis 14
The Consortium for Energy Efficiency (GEE) 15
Nw/ Market Studies for Residential Energy Efficiency 16
t The "Golden Carrot" Super-Efficient Refrigerator Program 17
Advanced Residential Windows 18
Residential Lighting 19
Energy Star Homebuilders 20
Page iii '
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CONTENTS
CFC-FREE, ENERGY-EFFICIENT REFRIGERATOR/FREEZERS
"KOPKO" Cycle 21
Sino-U.S 22
METHANE
Statement of Challenge 23
Coalbed Methane
U.S 24
International 25
Landfill Methane 26
AgSTAR Program 27
Ruminant Livestock Methane 28
Natural Gas STAR 29
U.S./Gazprom Working Group 30
1 Page iv
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CONTENTS
HFCs AND PFCs
Statement of Challenge 31
Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership to Reduce
CF4 and C2F6 Emissions from Aluminum Production :. 32
Voluntary Program to Reduce HFC-23 Emissions 33
THE ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION PREVENTION DIVISION
PROGRAMS ARE MAKING NEWS 35
Green Lights 36
Buildings 37
Energy Star Computers 38
Methane : 39
THE ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION PREVENTION DIVISION
MANAGEMENT TEAM AND STAFF 4i
Page v '
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Statement of Challenge
BUILDINGS
EPA POLLUTION PREVENTER
Commercial buildings account for approximately 7% of all U.S. energy consumption.
Inefficient technologies are:
Wasting energy: 2.88 quadrillion BTUs (quads), close to half of all energy used in
buildings, could be eliminated if building owners deployed the most profitable
technologies.
Wasting money: 50% of the $71 billion annually spent on energy could be saved.
Causing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions: 6% of utility emissions of CO2, SO2,
NOx, mercury, and other hazardous pollutants result from inefficient technologies.
To help capture the benefits of profitable investment in more efficient technologies, the
Buildings Programs will:
Create voluntary corporate commitments through signed contracts, in which participants
agree to install energy-efficient upgrades throughout facilities in a fixed period of time.
Provide technical information to help businesses decide how to invest in reducing
unnecessary energy expenses.
Support vendor industries to fully capture this economy-expanding opportunity.
Create voluntary agreements that allow vendors of efficient personal computers, printers,
monitors, and office equipment to display the Energy Star logo.
The Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Division
seeks voluntary partnership agreements with
American business, government, and nonprofits.
These agreements would lead to private invest-
ment that reduce utility bills by $35 billion per
year over the next 10 years.
1 '
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GREET LIGHTS
Memorandum of
Understanding Revision
The Green Lights MOU is our voluntary agreement with groups to upgrade lighting
efficiency and quality to profitably prevent pollution. This year's revision accomplished these
goals:
New, easier to read format
Profitability test for Green Lights upgrades raised to 20% IRR (Internal Rate of Return)
Revised government MOU to respect government purchasing cycles
New federal MOU to coincide with the Energy Policy Act and Executive Order 12902
SUMMARY OF AGREEMENT
Partner agrees to:
Maximize energy efficiency
where 20% IRR or higher is
achieved
Survey domestic facilities
Analyze options for upgrading
facilities with more energy-
efficient lighting
Upgrade 90% of facilities where
profitable and quality enhancing
Complete demonstration upgrade
within 180 days of joining
Complete within 5 years
Report progress annually
Participate in public recognition
EPA agrees to provide:
Lighting Upgrade Software
Lighting Upgrade Workshops
Public recognition
Financing Directory
National Lighting Product
Information Program
Ally Programs
Assigned Support Specialist
Communications support
Green Lights Logo
Hotlines (both general and
technical)
] Page 2
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BUILDINGS
...iGneen
S Lights
AN ENERGY STAR BUILDINGS PROGRAM
GREEN LIGHTS
Marketing Accomplishments
1,628 organizations joined Green
Lights as of December 31, 1994.
Participants committed 4.3 billion
square feet to efficient upgrades for
more than 4% of all commercial/
industrial space.
Based on typical partner savings to
date, current space committed to
Green Lights will reduce partner
utility bills by $9.46 billion per year
and produce profits of $7.44 billion
per year.
Green Lights is Growing
310
JFHAVJJ »SONOJFy»yjJ»SONDJFy»yjJ ASONDJFIIAyjJ
91 92 Month/Year 93 94
Green Lights received extensive media coverage through public service announcements,
editorials, articles, endorsements, and television coverage.
22 billion square feet of space actively being sought to join.
Prospects for 1995
Recruit participants representing an additional 2 billion square feet.
Increase the number of prospects by using more focused marketing plans (hospitals,
universities, large and medium-sized corporations, Energy Star regions, small
businesses).
Lead Contact: Johanna Platt 202 233-9018
Maria Tikoff 202 233-9178
Page 3 '
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^Lights
AN ENERGY STAR BUILDINGS PROGRAM
BUILDINGS
GREEN LIGHTS
Implementation Accomplishments
791 million square feet in the upgrade pipeline.
Enhanced versions of the support tools offered by
EPA to participants, including the Lighting
Upgrade Manual, Decision Support System, and
Financing Directory distributed to Green Lights
participants.
Facility upgrades have already prevented 1.2
billion pounds of CO2 emissions; 8.7 million
pounds of SO2 emissions; and 4.1 million pounds
of NOX emissions (as of September 30, 1994).
Some participants achieved over 90% reductions
with innovative approaches, pushing the frontier
of economically profitable upgrades.
The National Lighting Product Information Program (NLPIP), with EPA support, published
additional "Specifier Reports" and "Lighting Answers" for exit signs, screwbase compact
fluorescent lamp products, T8 fluorescent lamps, cathode-disconnect ballasts, parking light
luminaries, and task lighting for offices.
Expand Partner and Ally of the Year to recognize small corporations, hospitals,
universities, and government and nonprofit organizations.
Prospects for 1995
Add 240 million square feet to the upgrade pipeline of completed upgrades as participants
continue to shift from surveys to action, expanding markets and creating jobs and investment.
More than double occupancy sensor installations.
Publish "benchmarks" that describe kilowatt hour per square foot achievements of
partner upgrades by building type and use.
Lead Contact: Jackie Krieger 202 233-9721
Maria Tikoff 202 233-9178
Page 4
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GREEN LIGHTS PARTNER AND ALLIES
OF THE YEAR
1994
The 1994 Partner and Ally of the Year awards acknowledge the outstanding environmental
leadership of participants in several categories. Organizations are judged on their progress in
lighting upgrades, the quality of these upgrades, and their Green Lights educational
outreach efforts.
LARGE CORPORATION PARTNER OF THE YEAR Johnson & Johnson
SHALL CORPORATION PARTNER OF THE YEAR Washington Times
SMALL BUSINESS PARTNER OF THE YEAR Whitaker Newsletters
NONPROFIT PARTNER OF THE YEAR Sligo Adventist School (MD)
GOVERNMENT PARTNER OF THE YEAR Arlington County Public Schools (VA) and Santa
Cruz Valley Union High School District (AZ)
UNIVERSITY PARTNER OF THE YEAR The University of Missouri at Columbia
LARGE HOSPITAL PARTNER OF THE YEAR The University of Michigan Hospitals
SMALL HOSPITAL PARTNER OF THE YEAR HONORS Lima Memorial Hospital
MANUFACTURER ALLY OF THE YEAR Honeywell, Inc.
LIGHTING MANAGEMENT COMPANY ALLY OF THE YEAR Innovative Lighting Services (CA)
SPECIAL AWARDS FOR DISTINGUISHED GREEN LIGHTS EFFORT Wholesale Electric Supply (TX)
SPECIAL ACHIEVEMENT AWARD Mobil Corporation for promotion, education,
and implementation of Green Lights goals
Pages '
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BUILDINGS
BUILDINGS
Energy Star Showcase Buildings
Accomplishments
Program kicked off as 24 charter organizations began to implement accelerated energy-
efficient upgrades.
Bresler Reiner, Inc.; Washington, DC
Carrier Corporation; Syracuse, NY
Catholic University; Washington, DC
Community Towers; San Jose, CA
Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance; Hartford, CT
Douglas County Government; Roseberg, OR
Federal National Mortgage Association;
Washington, DC
First National Bank of Chicago, Chicago, IL
Honeywell, Inc.; Minneapolis, MN
JC Penney; Atlanta, GA
Mobil Corporation; Dallas, TX, and Reston, VA
Montgomery County Government; Rockville, MD
National Wildlife Federation/Resources for
the Future; Washington, DC
State of Ohio/Ohio Building Authority;
Cleveland, OH
St. Charles Medical Center; Bend, OR
Target Environmental Solutions; Fullerton, CA
The Gas Company; Downey, CA
Trane (American-Standard); LaCross, WI
Vought Aircraft; Dallas, TX
Warner Lambert; Morris Plains, NJ
Johnson Controls, Inc.; Milwaukee, WI
Louisville Metropolitan Sewer District; Louisville, KYWasnington Times; Washington, DC
Maine College of Art; Portland, ME
Showcase Buildings will demonstrate the profitability and environmental benefits of the
Energy Star Buildings strategy.
The upgrades will be completed in 1 year and are targeting a 40% to 50% cut in energy
use.
Prospects for 1995
Complete upgrades in Showcase Buildings.
Monitor and analyze post-upgrade energy demand and usage.
Document and publicize results and use Showcase Buildings to market the Energy Star
Buildings program in fall 1996.
Lead Contact: Chris O'Brien 202 233-9146
L Page 6
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BUILDINGS
BUILDINGS
Energy Star Buildings Manual
Accomplishments
First edition of manual that details five-stage Energy Star Buildings upgrade strategy was
published.
Manual helps Showcase Building participants plan and implement profitable energy-
efficiency upgrades.
Prospects for 1995
Refine manual based on feedback from Showcase Buildings participants.
Expand distribution of manual in conjunction with full launch of Energy Star Buildings
program in fall 1995.
rgy Star
dings Manual
Lead Contact: Chris O'Brien 202 233-9146
Page 7 '
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BUILDINGS
BUILDINGS
RPM-Static Pressure Reset Accomplishments
Surveys found majority of variable-air-volume (VAV) air distribution systems (both old
and new) use outdated control methods.
Outdated controls waste energy and create higher noise levels in the work space.
EPA developed RPM (rotations per minute)-Static Pressure Reset, which is easily adapted
to both old and new buildings.
RPM-Static Pressure Reset saves energy, limits noise, and prolongs equipment life.
Prospects for 1995
Present RPM-Static Pressure
Reset to audiences in the
energy conservation field.
Adapt RPM-Static Pressure
Reset and other similar
methods as part of EPA
Energy Star Buildings
Program.
VAV System
Terminal Boxes
Make building engineers,
specifiers and control companies aware of the potential, so that outdated practices are
eliminated.
Lead Contact: Bob Rose 202 233-9744
Page 8
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BUILDINGS
BUILDINGS
Rooftop Air Conditioners Accomplishments
EPA worked with California Institute for Energy Efficiency (CIEE) in developing an air-
cooled design with a target design efficiency of 13 Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER). This
design gives a projected 30% reduction in peak power use and a 50% reduction in
annual energy use compared to existing units.
The new design uses existing components in innovative ways to improve efficiency.
An EPA-funded prototype based on this design is under construction.
Prospects for 1995
Texas A&M University will test the prototype performance and evaluate use of alternate
refrigerants.
Future work with evaporatively cooled designs targets an efficiency of 18 EER.
Lead Contact: Bill Kopko 202 233-9124
Page 9 '
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BUILDINGS
BUILDINGS
Building Technologies
Modeling Accomplishments
Eiwgy
iff)
Gas-Heated/Electrically Cooled
Midrise Office
Washington, DC
EPA evaluated energy savings and
pollution prevention potential of
Energy Star Building upgrades in
six commercial building types.
Reduction of 43% is possible
in office buildings, based on
analysis.
EPA evaluated range of building
technologies (wall and roof
insulation and color) and
determined optimal level of
upgrades.
EPA evaluated technological options for retrofit of commercial buildings to improve
energy efficiency, for example, showing average projected rates of return at 57% for
office buildings.
Stages
Stage 4
Stage 3 L
Stage 2
Stage 1
EiMhig
Limits
Fans
Oiler
Heal
Other
Prospects for 1995
Distribute reports on Energy Star Buildings Program potential by commercial building
type.
Develop design tools and energy-efficient upgrade databases for various technologies.
Lead Contact: Roger Mosier 202 233-9405
Page 10
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BUILDINGS
OFFICE EQUIPMENT
Energy Star Computers Accomplishments
By August 1994, more than 300 computer and monitor manufacturers, representing more
than 80% of U.S. sales, had joined the program and were producing Energy Star PC
systems.
More than 45 printer manufacturers representing more than 90% of U.S. sales are
producing Energy Star printers.
Over 2,000 Energy Star compliant products are now widely available.
President Clinton signed an Executive Order requiring the U.S. Government, the largest
computer buyer in the world, to purchase only Energy Stars where there is no
performance sacrifice or cost differential. Executive Order 12845 took effect in October
1993.
State of California; City of St. Paul, MN; Suffolk County, NY; and other organizations
committed to a purchasing policy to buy only Energy Stars.
Prospects for 1995
Ensure that power management becomes a standard feature in 60% of all desktop
computers. *
Convince large corporations and organizations across the country to establish Energy
Star purchasing policies.
Implement retail initiative to promote Energy Star products to consumers.
Energy Star shipments stretch across the world to meet international demand.
Lead Contacts: Andrew Fanara 202 233-9019
Linda Latham 202 233-9420
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EPA POLLUTION PREVENTER
BUILDINGS
OFFICE EQUIPMENT
Energy Star Copiers and Fax Machines
Accomplishments
According to EPA analysis, copiers and fax machines contribute to commercial sector
electricity consumption. Growing numbers of home users and home offices also rely
on personal copiers and fax machines.
Basic Memorandum of Understanding developed with industry for Energy Star
designation.
Plain-paper fax machines, which reduce paper consumption and use less energy,
launched in October with a group of manufacturers committing to participate.
Prospects for 1995
EPA plans to launch new programs for copiers in early 1995 with a group of
manufacturers committing to participate.
Work with manufacturers to ensure that the Energy Star logo appears on qualified
copier and fax equipment.
Encourage organizations to purchase Energy Star copiers and fax machines as they buy
new or replace existing equipment.
Work with industry to develop a new program for multifunction machines (printer/
copier/scanner/fax).
Lead Contacts: Cyane Dandridge 202 233-9230
Linda Latham 202 233-9420
L- Page 12
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Statement of Challenge
RESIDENTIAL PROGRAM
RESIDENTIAL
i
ENERC-Y EFFICIENCY &
POLLUTION PREVENTION
American households consume about 20% of all primary energy in the U.S., costing
consumers more than $100 billion annually. These bills could be reduced by tens of billions
of dollars annually with advanced technologies that also reduce emissions of carbon dioxide
and other pollutants. However:
Consumers try to minimize up-front, out-of-pocket expenses, and therefore often select
the lowest performing equipment.
Builders, realtors, vendors, and manufacturers find that consumers do not always
consider energy efficiency when shopping for new appliances and equipment.
Technologies are not deployed aggressively when available.
Vendor prices are marked up more for efficient equipment.
New products are often seen as risky by both vendors and consumers.
Attractive financing is not always available for efficient products.
The EPA Residential Program Challenge
In order to transform markets for residential construction, equipment, lighting, and
appliances, EPA will implement a comprehensive residential energy efficiency and pollution
prevention program to overcome each of these barriers, including:
Promotion of creative private sector financing to reduce out-of-pocket costs;
Promotion of private sector early demonstration of new products and building systems
to increase awareness and penetration within the market and reduce perceptions of
riskiness;
Support for Golden Carrot initiatives designed with the Consortium for Energy Efficiency
to aggregate markets for efficiency and persuade manufacturers to deploy advanced
technologies more aggressively;
Development of Energy Star product and builder recognition programs to focus the
consumer's attention.
EPA's long-term goal is to help facilitate development of an expanded market in efficient
products and homes that will provide the average American family $500 in utility bill savings
a year.
Page 13 '
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RESIDENTIAL
Financing Analysis Accomplishments
EPA conducted preliminary exploration of several creative approaches to provide low-
hassle, low-cost financing and leasing for energy efficiency upgrades with secondary
refinancing market.
Utility industry became increasingly interested in financing as a replacement for rebates
in demand-side management programs; CEE formed high-priority financing
subcommittee to explore options with EPA.
Prospects for 1995
Catalyze initiation of several financing pilots to introduce attractive new financing
products for energy-efficient upgrades.
Catalyze creation of financing products by the private sector for all types of transactions:
home buying and selling, new constructions, and equipment/appliance replacements.
Catalyze partnerships among key stakeholders from many primary and secondary
lenders, investment firms, insurers, appraisers, realtors, and utilities.
Lead Contact: Drew KJeibrink 202 233-9785
L_ Page 14
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RESIDENTIAL
The Consortivun for Energy Efficiency
(CEE) Accomplishments
CEE began implementing a business plan, tripling its membership to more than 40
organizations.
EPA provided ongoing funding to CEE to implement its central role in the President's
Climate Change Action Plan.
Manufacturers began work to produce higher efficiency packaged rooftop units in
response to CEE-announced program.
CEE announced new programs for residential air conditioners and heat pumps.
Prospects for 1995
Adopt innovative program design and policy work to provide ongoing leadership during
period of instability in the utility industry.
Work with National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissions to analyze broad
societal benefits of market transformation programs under EPA grants.
Enter major partnership with the Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium to promote
advanced geothermal heat pumps.
CEE will announce clothes washer program, ^which will stimulate manufacturers to
announce introduction of high-efficiency, horizontal-axis washers in 1995 and 1996.
Lead Contact: Mike L'Ecuyer 202 233-9127
Page 15 '
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RESIDENTIAL
INEIKT EFFICIENCY t
NUUnONPUVDmON
RESIDENTIAL
Market Studies for Residential Energy
Efficiency Accomplishments
EPA provided major funding for creation of comprehensive, state-of-the-art residential
energy analysis modeling system at Lawrence Berkely Laboratory (LBL).
LBL set up databases for sophisticated Geographic Information System modelling and
performed first detailed, region-by-region market assessments on ground-source heat
pumps and advanced gas technologies.
Prospects for 1995
Team up with LBL on additional market studies for end-use technologies and new
construction opportunities, and produce program plans.
Support LBL in identifying additional residential-sector data needs and initiating projects
with utilities and other organizations to assemble data in the field.
Lead Contact: Glenn Chinery 202 233-9784
L- Page 16
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RESIDENTIAL
The "Golden Carrot" Super-Efficient
Refrigerator Program (SERF)
Accomplishments
Whirlpool won $30 million contract from SERF Inc. to deliver 250,000 super-efficient
non-CFC refrigerators into participating utility territories.
Whirlpool's combination of technologies will achieve 30% reduction in energy use over
1993 DOE standard.
SERF units appeared on market in April 1994 and immediately achieved expected sales
projections
Prospects for 1995
Whirlpool introduces the first vacuum-panel insulation system to replace reduced-ozone
depleting HCFC foams.
Whirlpool adopts SERF technologies into expanded super-efficient product lines and
begins nationwide marketing.
Introduce Energy Star product identification and encourage other refrigerator
manufacturers to commercialize super-efficient, CFC-free refrigerators.
Encourage refrigerator turn-in programs that unplug old energy guzzlers and replace
them with "Energy Star" refrigerators.
Lead Contact: Mike L'Ecuyer 202 233-9127
Page 17 '
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RESIDENTIAL
raUUTWNMiVtNnON
RESIDENTIAL
Advanced Residential Windows
Accomplishments
EPA worked with DOE and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) to develop technology
and markets for advanced windows in each region of U.S.
IHL launched assessment and began early work on designing national initiative.
EPA began coordinating effort with National Fenestration Council, which provides energy
labelling for windows.
Prospects for 1995
Complete regional analysis and identify opportunities for advanced window design
technologies.
Initiate recruitment with LBL and DOE of partners among window manufacturers,
vendors, homebuilders, remodelers, and utilities.
Launch major program in late 1995.
Lead Contact: Sam Rashkin 202 233-9786
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RESIDENTIAL
Residential Lighting Accomplishments
EPA supported GEE design of innovative residential lighting program to promote screw-
in compact fluorescents.
EPA provided interagency grant to DOE for LBL analysis of opportunities for advanced
residential lighting, featuring dedicated fluorescent lamps and fixtures and advanced
incandescents.
Prospects for 1995
Compile analysis, identify opportunities, and formulate program design
recommendations.
Initiate recruitment with LBL and DOE of lighting manufacturers, vendors, homebuilders,
remodelers, and utilities as program partners.
Announce major program in late 1995.
LBL will launch project to assess technologies and markets, and to begin design work on
major program to promote dedicated fluorescent fixtures in homes.
Lead Contact: Leslie Leahy 202 233-9796
Page 19 '
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RESIDENTIAL
B*
ENEMY EFFICIENCY t
POUimONNIEVENTKM
RESIDENTIAL
Energy Star Homebuilders Accomplishments
EPA demonstrated cost-effectiveness of a total-systems approach that incorporates
synergies between house envelope and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning
equipment capacity in new construction.
EPA laid initial program groundwork with DOE, energy rating organizations, and
homebuilders.
Prospects for 1995
Memorandum of Understanding to be developed for homebuilders participating in
demonstrations and for full program participants.
Begin to verify energy savings and homeowner satisfaction by collecting data in
demonstration program.
Market program participation to homebuilders and announce "charter members."
Integrate program with national initiatives for affordable housing by Fannie Mae and
other secondary lenders.
Lead Contact: Bion Howard 202 233-9406
I Page 20
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CFC-FREE, ENERGY-EFFICIENT REFRIGERATORS/FREEZERS
"Kopko" Cycle Accomplishments
EPA and the University of Maryland developed new refrigerator configuration (the
tandem or "Kopko" cycle) with measured
energy savings of 15 to 20%.
The new cycle cools each compartment
separately using two evaporators and
special fan controls.
An innovative defrost method uses heat
from the fresh-food compartment to defrost
the freezer, thus eliminating the defrost
heater.
The Kopko cycle works with single
component refrigerants and frost free
designs.
BENEFITS OF "KOPKO" CYCLE:
Significant energy savings
Single component refrigerants
Simple controls
Prospects for 1995
Industry will continue to invest in further applications of this cycle; EPA will sunset its
activities in this area.
Lead Contact: BUI Kopko 202 233-9124
Page 21
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CFC-FREE, ENERGY-EFFICIENT REFRIGERATORS/FREEZERS
Sino-U.S. Accomplishments
Joint EPA/Chinese work successfully developed CFG-free refrigerator that uses substitutes
with no global warming or ozone depletion potential
and increases energy efficiency. Uses 50% less
energy than currently available models.
Cost-effective changes include:
Hydrocarbon refrigerant.
- Cyclopentane blown foam.
Improved gasket.
China signed agreement to change its entire
domestic refrigeration industry to production of
CFC-free, energy-efficient models.
Cooperation with Germany under way to increase environmental support for super-
efficient technologies in China.
Prospects for 1995
Convert refrigerator factory line in China to energy-efficient, CFC alternatives.
Increase U.S. exports of CFC-free, energy-efficient technology.
Lead Contacts:
Jeanne Briskin 202 233-9190
Alan Fine 202 233-9094
Page 22
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Statement of Challenge
METHANE
Methane contributes to global increases of tropospheric ozone.
Methane is a large contributor to global warming, second to carbon dioxide. Its large
contribution is due in part to its potency in trapping heat in the earth's atmosphere. It is
20 to 60 times more potent than carbon dioxide over the next 100 years. Emissions of
methane have grown dramaticallymethane emissions from human-related activities
now represent about 70% of total emissions, as opposed to less than 10% some 200
years ago.
Methane is a very potent global warming mitigator. Because methane has a fairly short
atmospheric lifetime, and because it is so effective in trapping heat, efforts to reduce
methane emissions will have a rapid impact on mitigating global warming.
Efforts to reduce methane emissions are frequently profitable because methane is highly
valued as a fuel.
EPA designs and implements programs to promote profitable opportunities for reducing
methane emissions in the U.S. Programs are designed to overcome a wide range of
informational, regulatory, financial, technical, and institutional barriers that hamper otherwise
profitable activities.
Working with the following industries, these programs are a key part of the President's
Climate Change Action Plan.
Coal Mining Industry
Natural Gas Industry
Landfill Gas Recovery Industry
Beef, Dairy, and Swine Industries
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program
Natural Gas STAR Program
Landfill Methane Outreach Program
AgSTAR Program
Ruminant Livestock Methane Program
EPA also investigates international opportunities to demonstrate that methane emissions
can be reduced profitably, particularly where US technology is part of the solution.
Page 23 '
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PROGRAM
METHANE
COALBED METHANE
U.S. Accomplishments
U.S. Coalbed Methane Outreach Program was launched on April 11, 1994 at a meeting
sponsored by EPA and the North American Coalbed Methane Forum.
EPA study identified the most attractive project opportunities among the gassiest U.S.
coal mines.
EPA study concluded that coalbed methane development in the Appalachian region
could create jobs and generate significant revenues for state and local governments, in
addition to protecting the environment.
West Virginia State Legislature acted to address uncertain coalbed methane ownership,
thus removing one of the principal barriers to coalbed methane recovery in the state.
Prospects for 1995
Cosponsor a workshop with the Electric Power Research Institute to encourage
participation of the electric utility industry in methane recovery projects at coal mines.
Work with the coal industry and local gas users to identify project opportunities at
specific gassy mines.
Catalyze private sector initiation of recovery projects at one or two gassy mines.
Lead Contact: Dina Kruger 202 233-9039
Page 24
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METHANE
COALBED METHANE
International Accomplishments
China. EPA established a Coalbed Methane
Center in Beijing with the China Coal
Information Institute to disseminate information
about coalbed methane recovery opportunities
within China to U.S. companies.
Russia. EPA study found large coalbed
methane resources and many opportunities for
methane recovery projects. With funding from
AID, EPA established a Coalbed Methane Center
in Kemerovo, Russia, to encourage coalbed
methane recovery projects at coal mines.
Poland and the Czech Republic. EPA
supported a conference on Coalbed Methane Utilization organized by the Polish Coalbed
Methane Clearinghouse.
Prospects for 1995
Co-sponsor an International Coalbed Methane Conference in Beijing, China (October
1995) with the United Nations and the Chinese Ministry of Coal Industry.
Publish a joint study of coalbed methane recovery opportunities in China, prepared with
the Ministry of Coal Industry.
Expand U.S. exports of methane recovery technologies and encourage international joint
ventures in China, Russia, Ukraine, Poland and the Czech Republic, through continued
support of site-specific project analyses and coalbed methane centers.
Lead Contact: Dina Kruger 202 233-9039
Page 25 '
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LANDFILL METHANE
OUIREACH PROGRAM
METHANE
LANDFILL METHANE
U.S. Accomplishments
EPA launched Landfill Methane Outreach Program with a core group of states and
utilities to promote landfill methane energy recovery.
EPA provided key program tools including profiles of candidate landfill projects and
financial assessment tools.
NARUC, NSWMA, and others endorsed the Outreach Program.
EPA identified project opportunities at specific landfills in states with large gas recovery
potential.
Prospects for 1995
Expand Landfill Methane Outreach Program to 15 states.
Begin new energy recovery projects in several states.
Hold workshops with gas recovery developers and utilities to promote more utility
purchases of energy from landfill projects.
Lead Contacts: Cindy Jacobs 202 233-9631
Ed Coe 202 233-9007
I Page 26
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METHANE
ENERGY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION
AgSTAR Program Accomplishments
Identified and prioritized methane sheds (county level) profitable due to large dairy and
pork livestock concentrations with flush manure management systems.
Jointly developing technical standards and specifications with USDA National Technical
Centers for proven methane recovery technologies.
Updating USDA Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook, used by all USDA field
personnel in waste management system design, to reflect state-of-the-art methane
recovery standards.
Developed version 1 of the AgSTAR Decision Support Software System that allows U.S.
dairy and pork producers to conduct comparative technical and economic assessments
of their facilities.
Developed the AgSTAR Upgrade Manual (I* edition), a comprehensive methane
recovery handbook and reference guide organized for specific livestock rearing methods
and manure management strategies.
Prospects for 1995
Target up to five key methane sheds to demonstrate "appropriate" methane recovery
systems at host farms.
Expand AgSTAR marketing, promotional, and recruiting activities to include semiannual
newsletter, a set of technical and case study brochures and pamphlets, direct mailings,
advertisements, trade show appearances, and a 1-800-4AG-STAR number.
Plan AgSTAR workshops for USDA field personnel and agricultural and energy-related
business to provide technical and program-related training.
Develop win/win utility strategies that support and enhance utility revenue streams while
providing key services and products to livestock energy customers.
Lead contact: Kurt Roos 202 233-9041
Page 27 -1
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METHANE
Ruminant livestock Methane
Program Accomplishments
U.S. Beef Industry
Identified potential for methane reductions in practices that improve animal productivity
and reduce product costs.
Launched projects in the Pacific Northwest, Intermountain West, and Southeast U.S. to
assess region-specific options for improving cow/calf sector productivity and reducing
methane emissions.
U.S. Dairy Industry
Assessed methane reduction potential of bovine growth hormone.
Assessed methane reduction potential of expanding multiple component milk-pricing
systems and modifying breeding and feeding strategies under these systems.
International Projects
Worked with USAID, the World Bank, and the U.N. FAO in a global study to assess
interactions between livestock and the environment.
Conducted pre-feasibility studies for improving dairy feeding systems to increase
productivity and reduce methane emissions in India, Bangladesh, China, Tanzania,
Brazil, Nepal, and the Ukraine.
Provided training to Indian and Bangladeshi scientists in methane measurement
techniques for cattle.
Prospects for 1995
Expand regional cow/calf assessments to Northern and Southern Plains regions.
Launch project to identify and demonstrate appropriate feed rations for dairy cattle,
taking advantage of economic incentives under multiple component milk-pricing
systems.
Launch projects in India, Bangladesh, Brazil, and Tanzania to evaluate the impact of
livestock management projects on methane emissions, and train host country scientists in
methane measurement techniques.
Lead Contact: Mark Orlic 202 233-9043
Page 28
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METHANE
Natural Gas STAR
U.S. Accomplishments
March 1993 program launching, with endorsement by American Gas Association.
Development of technical guidance for partner implementation plans and annual reports.
First-year methane emission reductions of 1,300,000 thousand cubic feet (Mcf) from
natural gas transmission and distribution operations.
Inclusion of 30 corporate Gas STAR partners representing:
- 53% of transmission company pipeline by mileage,
- 20% of distribution company pipeline by mileage, and
- 35% of all service connections.
Gas Research Institute endorses the Natural Gas STAR Program, which pledges $4 million
of GRI's annual budget over 3 years to projects that contribute to methane emissions
reductions (April 1994).
Prospects for 1995
Launch new programs for natural gas producers.
Work with State regulators to identify and reduce regulatory barriers to methane
emissions reduction practices.
Explore new technologies and practices for STAR program to further reduce emissions of
methane.
Lead Contact: Andrea Osborne 202 233-9044
Page 29 '
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U.S./GAZPROM
METHANE
U.S./Gazprom Working Group
International Accomplishments
Joint U.S./Russia exchanges lead to identification of 20 core projects that reduced
methane emissions and improved the efficiency of the Russian natural gas sector.
Working Group expanded to include the U.S. Department of Energy and 20 U.S.
companies, with increased opportunities for U.S. businesses.
Two demonstration projects in Russia are completed on improved valve-sealing
techniques and pipeline corrosion control.
June 1994 Working Group meeting identified 13 priority projects.
U.S. banks coordinate development of project financing options.
Prospects for 1995
Continue project development and implementation with U.S. companies at a Winter
Working Group meeting in Moscow in conjunction with U.S./Russia Pipeline
Specifications Conference.
Identify additional options for methane emissions reductions (spring 1995) through U.S.
study tour by Russian experts to U.S. transmission/production STAR partner facilities.
Follow through on scope International Gas STAR Program for Russia.
Continue project implementation through demonstration projects and development of
project financing options.
Lead Contact: Andrea Osborne 202 233-9044
Page 30
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Statement of Challenge
HFCs AND PFCs
Due to high global warming potentials, long atmospheric lifetimes, and increasing
emissions, hydroflourocarbons (HFCs) are growing contributors to climate change.
HFCs are produced commercially as a substitute for ozone-depleting CFCs.
HFC-23 is emitted as a by-product of HCFC-22 production (another'CFG substitute).
Perfluorocarbon emissions (PFCs), primarily from aluminum smelting, are also potent
greenhouse gases.
HFCs and PFCs are thousands of times more potent at trapping heat in the earth's
atmosphere than carbon dioxide.
EPA designed and implemented programs that identify low cost, if not profitable,
opportunities for reducing emissions of these highly potent gases. EPA will work with
industry to:
Reduce emissions of HFCs and PFCs during industrial processes to the extent
economically possible.
Promote the wise selection of low-GWP and highly energy-efficient CFC alternatives.
HFCs as alternatives to CFCs in high-value applications.
Promote prudent use of HFCs as alternatives to CFCs in high value applications.
Page 31 '
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INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP
HFCsANDPFCs
Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership
to Reduce CF/ and CJ, Emissions
4 Zt O
from Aluminum Production
Accomplishments
Aluminum industry joined with EPA in a voluntary aluminum industrial partnership to
reduce CF4 and C2F6 emissions.
Prospects for 1995
Support individual aluminum producers as they commit to facility-specific emission
reduction goals.
Work with aluminum industry to upgrade data on CF4 and C2F6 emissions.
Lead Contact: Cindy Jacobs 202 233-9631
\ Page 32
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MFCs AND PFCs
Voluntary Program to
Reduce HFC-23 Emissions
Accomplishments
HCFC-22 producers agreed to develop and implement processing practices or
technologies to reduce the by-product HFC-23 where technically feasible and cost-
effective.
HCFC-22 producers initiated determination of 1990 HFC-23 emissions.
Prospects for 1995
HCFC-22 producers complete 1990 baseline emissions estimation and begin reductions.
EPA and HCFC-22 producers examine costs and technical feasibility of additional
reductions of HFC-23 by 2000.
Sign Memorandum of Understanding with HFC-22 producers to formalize the reduction
program.
Lead Contact: Betsy Dutrow 202 233-9061
Page 33 '
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THE ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION PREVENTION
DIVISION PROGRAMS ARE MAKING NEWS
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL.
FORTUNE
Chicago {Tribune
Sb* jSfap jjork
San IFranrisroCDjnmiele
THE VQICt OF 'HI WtiT
BusinessWeek
Forbes
Page 35 '
-------
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION PREVENTION DIVISION PROGRAMS ARE MAKING NEWS
Green Lights
We're Doing a World of Good!
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ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION PREVENTION DIVISION PROGRAMS ARE MAKING NEWS
Buildings
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Page 37
-------
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION PREVENTION DIVISION PROGRAMS ARE MAKING NEWS
Energy Star Computers
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Page 38
-------
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION PREVENTION DIVISION PROGRAMS ARE MAKING NEWS
METHANE
NARUC s*\
News©
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Page 39
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ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION PREVENTION
DIVISION MANAGEMENT TEAM AND STAFF
IMMEDIATE OFFICE
J. Hoffman, Director
J. Briskin, Deputy Director
MANAGEMENT
OPERATIONS
SUPPORT STAFF
A. Olson
S. Denning
R. Reid (AARP)
SPECIAL
PROJECTS
STAFF
G. DeBolt, Chief
F. Curtis
S. Donnelly
N. Hughes
P.Jackson
J. Kurtz
C.Payne
V. Laney (AARP)
J. Krauss
L Roberts
S. Napolitano, Chief
S. Sylvan
J. Symons
RESIDENTIAL
TEAM
|
METHANE
AND UTILITY
TEAM
M. L'Ecuyer, Chief K. Hogan, Chief
J.L
TECHNOLOGY AND
SUBSTITUTES
TEAM
upinacci, Chief
|
ENERGY STAR
TEAM
M.Tikoff, Chief
A. Cruz
L. Williams (AARP)
M. L'Ecuyer, Chief K. Hogan, Chief
E. Bales (IPA) E.Coe
P. Banwell
S. Creel
B. Howard
L Leahy
C.May
S.Offutt
T. Rooney
N. Hague
C.Jacobs
D. Kruger
M.Orlic
J. Lupinacci, Chief
L. Williams (AARP)
E. Dutrow
A. Fine (IPA)
M. Hadrick
B. Kopko
E. McMann
A. Osbome
LReiter
K.ROOS
H. Sachs (IPA) ICSchultz
G. Chinery
S. Thigpen
D. Kleibrink C. Lehnertz
S. Rashkin
R. Mosier
T.Narel
L Noble
C. O'Brien
B. Rose
L Hodge (AARP)
R. Resch
T.Wirth
T.Anderson (AARP)
N. Walker (SIS)
1
ENERGY STAR
TEAM
L Latham, Leader
C. Dandrkkje
A. Fanara
GREEN LIGHTS
IMPLEMENTATION
TEAM
J. Krieger, Leader K. Rudek
R.Berridge
G. Brown
K. Butler
A.Coyle
J. Lawson
A.Moyad
J.Oxtey
R. Sauchelli
J. Schwab
1
POMMI IMir ATIHMQ/ GREEN LIGHTS AND
COMMUNICATIONS/ ENERGY STAR
Ol ITRFArH TF AM tNtHta Y & 1 AH
OUTREACH TEAM MARKETING TEAM
S. Salinas
J. Platt, Leader
A. Ferguson D. Canales
K.Foery
B. Von Neida
M. Theesen
V. Vreeland
D.Moses
D. Minor
M. DeRosa
M. Guarmeiri
G. Taylor
R. White
E. Carlson
L Edwards (AARP)
Page 41 '
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Index
Advanced Residential Windows 18
AgSTAR Program 27
Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Division Management
Team and Staff 41
Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Division Programs are
Making News, The 35
Buildings 37
Building Technologies Modeling 10
Coalbed Methane, International 25
Coalbed Methane, U.S 24
Consortium for Energy Efficiency (GEE), The 15
Energy Star Buildings Manual 7
Energy Star Computers 11, 38
Energy Star Copiers and Fax Machines 12
Energy Star Homebuilders 20
Energy Star Showcase Buildings 6
Financing Analysis 14
"Golden Carrot" Super-Efficient Refrigerator Program, The 17
Green Lights 36
Green Lights, Implementation 4
Green Lights, Marketing 3
Green Lights MOU in Brief 2
Green Lights Partner and Allies of the Year1994 5
"KOPKO" Cycle 21
Page 43 '
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INDEX
Landfill Methane 26
Market Studies for Residential Energy Efficiency 16
Methane 39
Natural Gas STAR 29
Residential Lighting 19
Rooftop Air Conditioners 9
RPM-Static Pressure Reset 8
Ruminant Livestock Methane 28
Sino-U.S 22
Statement of Challenge, Buildings 1
Statement of Challenge, HFCsand PFCs 31
Statement of Challenge, Methane 23
Statement of Challenge, Residential Programs 13
U.S./Gazprom Working Group 30
Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership to Reduce
CF4 and C2F6 Emissions from Aluminum Production 32
Voluntary Program to Reduce HFC-23 Emissions 33
I Page 44
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