United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Information Services
And Library
(PM-211A)
EPA/IMSD/90-002
February 1990
&EPA Bibliographic Series
Environmental Statistics
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ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
FEBRUARY 1990
Headquarters Library
Information Management and Services Division
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Room 2904 PM-211A
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5922
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STATISTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
INTRODUCTION v
I. GENERAL 1
E. AIR
A. .GENERAL 11
B. SOURCES 25
C. ABATEMEENT 39
D. IMPACT 43
E. MONITORING 49
III. WATER
A. GENERAL 57
B. SOURCES/ABATEMENT
1. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION 75
; 2. SEWER/ STORMWATER OVERFLOW 79
3. SEW AGE/WASTE 81
:,':.' 4, SLUDGE :; ; 83
5. NONPOINT SOURCES 85
C.-IMPACT ; 93
D. MONITORING 101
IV. HAZARDOUS WASTE 105
V. SOLID WASTE 111
VI. RADIATION 113
VH. RISK ASSESSMENTS 115
111
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IV
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INTRODUCTION
Environmental statistics is a complex subject that cuts across many disciplines
and organizations. It is a crucial aid to designing and evaluating verifiable data
collection systems and to making valid conclusions for appropriate regulatory
response. Likewise, it is essential to determining the need for enforcement action,
once those regulations are in place. Basically, it does that by providing a consistent
mechanism for interpreting data and for making correct inferences from samples.
This bibliography has pulled together citations from a wide range of recent
documents and includes references that may be of particular interest to the
statistical community and of general interest to environmentalists.
The Library wishes to thank Kay Wain of the Statistical Policy Branch, Office of
Policy Planning and Evaluation for her assistance in the planning and review of
this bibliography.
Citations include books, journal articles, government reports and conference
papers. They were selected for their relevance to EPA's environmental statistics
effort. The bibliography is organized according to the major program areas:
1) General (interdisciplinary), 2) Air, 3) Water, 4) Hazardous Waste, 5) Solid ,
Waste, 6) Radiation and 7) Risk Assessments. ;
In compiling this bibliography, the Library staff searched the databases listed
below. Citations found in them were screened for relevance to environmental .
subjects and subsequently grouped by the major programs that they addressed. ..
Citations were obtained by searching the following databases:
[COM] COMPENDEXPLUS
Communication Services Department '
Engineering Information, Inc.
345 East 47th Street,
New York, NY 10017
[ENV] ENVIROLINE
R.R. Bowker Co.
:'-"'•' 245 West 17th Street
New York, NY 10011
[MAT] MATHSQ
Taissa T. Kusma
Manager Database Services
American Mathematical Society
P.O. Box 6248
Providence, RI 02940
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[NT] NTIS
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
[PA] POLLUTION ABSTRACTS
Director, Database Services
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
7200 Wisconsin Avenue
Bethesda, MD 20814
We hope this bibliography is useful. If you have any questions or wish to
obtain additional copies, please contact the EPA Headquarters Library staff at (202)
382-5921.
VI
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I. General
1105290
Aggregation of ecological networks based on information theory.
System modelling and optimization (Tokyo, 1987)
Hirata, Hironori (Department of Electronic Engineering, Chiba
University, Yayoi, Chiba, Chiba, 260, Japan)
Sugai, Yasuo (Department of Electronic Engineering, Chiba University,
Yayoi, Chiba, Chiba, 260, Japan)
1988,
Springer, Berlin-New York,';" 604-613,,
Series: Lecture Notes in Control and Inform. Sci., 113,
Language: English
Document Type: Proceedings Paper
Subfile: MR (Mathematical Reviews) AMS
Abstract Length: MEDIUM (16 lines)
Summary: Regarding an ecological network as a communication channel,
the information contained in the structure of an ecological network may
be theoretically defined by the concept of mutual information. Optimal
aggregation minimizes the difference of mutual information between
object system and aggregated model. The information cannot increase (it
generally decreases) during the process of network aggregation. First, we
study what kind of patterns of structure of ecological networks result in
no aggregation loss. Parallel structures are shown as special patterns of
structure which result .in no loss of information. Parallel structures
generally tend to minimize aggregation loss. Second, we show how
grouping compartments so as to minimize the loss of mutual information
creates collections of species, i.e., how aggregation identifies the macro-
structure (e.g.\ hierarchical structure) of ecological networks.
Approximate aggregation is applied to several real ecological networks."
[MAT]
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89-05976
Alternative policies for environmental management:
Regulations, taxes/subsidies, and amenity markets
Clark, J.M.
Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
DISS. ABST. INT. PT. B - SCI. & ENG VOL 49, NO. 9, Publ.Yr: 1989
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH; Diss. Ph.D. Order No.: DA8826376.
Languages: ENGLISH
This research compares three policy alternatives/institutions for
managing environmental problems, discusses the reward systems
inherent in each system and evaluates the relative efficiency of
outcomes under the different alternatives using a timber
harvesting/fish habitat case study and a mathematical model. Several
policy options are available to resolve environmental conflicts.
Regulations, common in the United States, are generally inefficient.
Regulations fail to provide incentives to individuals to provide
socially desirable resources, particularly those of a "public good" nature.
Regulations offer incentives to transfer wealth between client groups
rather than provide environmental benefits. [PA]
89-02604
Analysis of bioassay data drawn from several sources
Darby, W.P.; Gohagan, J.K.
Dep. Eng. and Policy, Sch. Eng. and Appl. Sci., Washington Univ., St.-/'1
Louis, MO 63130, USA
. 7, Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology Philadelphia,
PA (USA) Nov1986
J. AM. COLL. TOXICOL VOL. 7, NO. 5, pp. 591-600, Publ.Yr: 1988
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
The article presents a review of some important considerations for
scientists and regulatory decision makers who are charged with the task
of drawing a conclusion from an existing and growing body of bioassay
data to evaluate the toxicity of a compound. Two general approaches are
outlined, based: on classic statistical methods and on Bayesian
statistical methods. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in
relation to the overall decision-making process. The article concludes by
presenting an application of the Bayesian approach to the body of bioassay
data available at the time of the regulatory decision concerning the
link between saccharin and bladder cancer. [PA]
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89-02601 '
Analysis of uncertainty and reaching broad conclusions
North, D.W.
Decision Focus Inc., Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
7. Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology Philadelphia,
PA (USA) Nov 1986
> J. AM. COLL. TOXICOL VOL. 7, NO. 5, pp. 583-590, Publ.Yr: 1988
SUMMARY LANGUAGE- ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
Probability theory can provide a general way of reasoning about
uncertainty, even when data are sparse or absent. The idea that
probabilities can represent judgment is a basic principle for decision
analysis and for the Bayesian school of statistics. The use of judgmental
probabilities and Bayesian statistical methods for the analysis of
toxicological data appears to be promising in reaching broad conclusions
for policy and for research planning. Illustrative examples are given using
quanta! dose-response data from carcinogenicity bioassays for two
chemicals, perchloroethylene and alachlor. [PA]
1105288
Bayesian decisions in ecological-economic systems.
Brusilovskii, P. M.
Nasyrov, F. S.
Automation and Remote Control, 1988, 49, no. 8, part 1, 1013--1016
ISSN: 0005-1179 CODEN: AURCAT
Source: Avtomat. i Telemekh., 1988,, no. 8,
Language: English
Original Language: Russian Original Summary Language: English
Document Type: Journal; Journal Translation
Subfile: MR (Mathematical Reviews) AMS
Abstract Length: SHORT (5 lines)
Summary: This paper is concerned with decision making in ecological--
economic systems with ecological forecasting through representation of
ecological phenomena in various, more or less equally legitimate, models.
For the binary case the problem of minimizing the Bayesian risk is solved
when the probability of one kind of error is specified." [MAT]
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1045001
Boundedness and stability of a food chain system with several
resources.
Dai, Quo Ren (Department of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
Sichuan, Peoples Republic of China)
Chen, Lan Sun (Institute of Mathematics, Academia Sinica, Beijing,
Peoples Republic of China)
Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica. Yingyong Shuxue Xuebao, 1988,
11 , no. 2, 253-256. ISSN: 0254-3079
Language: Chinese
Document Type: Journal
Subfile: MR (Mathematical Reviews) AMS
Abstract Length: SHORT (7 lines)
The authors discuss a food chain system $\dot x\sb i=x\sb il\sb i(x\sb
1,\cdots,x \sb n)$, where $l\sb i(x\sb 1,\cdots,x\sb n)$ $(i=1,\cdots,n)$
are some linear functions of $x\sb 1 ,\cdots,x\sb n$> and $(x\sb
1 ,\cdots,x\sb n)$ is in the positive orthant. In addition to the
boundedness of solutions, and the existence and uniqueness of the
positive equilibrium, they show the global asymptotical stability of the
positive equilibrium in terms of a Lypunov function. [MAT]
1044722
Comment on: The control of environmental pollution and optimal
investment and employment decisions
[Optimal Control Appl. Methods 8 (1987), no. 1, 21--36; MR 87k:90080]
by W. T. Lin.
Hartl, R. F. (Institute for Econometrics and Operations Research,
Technische Universitat Wien , 1040 Vienna, Austria)
Contributors: Lin, W. T.
Optimal Control Applications & Methods , 1988, 9, no. 3, 337-339.
Language: English
Document Type: Journal
Subfile: MR (Mathematical Reviews) AMS
Abstract Length: SHORT (6 lines)
From the text: This comment is to point out that a recent paper by Lin
(see the paper cited in the heading) on pollution control contains some
errors in applying and analysing the maximum principle conditions.
Furthermore, some questions concerning the validity of the model are
raised." [MAT]
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0198905 '
A COMPUTER-BASED METHOD OF WILDERNESS EVALUATION,
LESSLIE ROBERT G. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,; MACKEY BRENDAN G.;
PREECEKATHRYN
ENV CONSERVATION, AUTUMN 88, V15, N3, P225(8)
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A COMPUTER-BASED WILDERNESS SURVEY METHODOLOGY WAS DEVELOPED
FOR A NATIONAL WILDERNESS QUALITY SURVEY IN AUSTRALIA. THE
APPROACH PLACES EMPHASIS ON MEASURING VARIATION IN WILDERNESS
QUALITY BY USING FOUR INDICATORS THAT REPRESENT THE ESSENTIAL
ATTRIBUTES OF REMOTENESS AND NATURALNESS: REMOTENESS FROM
SETTLEMENT AND FROM ACCESS, AESTHETIC NATURALNESS, AND
BIOPHYSICAL NATURALNESS. THIS PERMITS A PRECISE ASSESSMENT TO BE
MADE OF THE WILDERNESS RESOURCE, UNDERSCORING THESE FACTORS
WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO OR COMPROMISE WILDERNESS QUALITY. THE
COMPUTER-BASED STORAGE AND ANALYSIS OF DATA ALLOWS SURVEYS TO
BE PERFORMED OVER LARGE AREAS YET AT A RELATIVELY FINE LEVEL OF
RESOLUTION THAT IS APPROPRIATE TO LOCALIZED PLANNING NEEDS. TRIAL
APPLICATION TO THE STATE OF VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA, IS DISCUSSED. (3
MAPS, 13 REFERENCES, 1 TABLE) [ENV]
1044721
A discussion of methodological and modelling issues. Comment
on: The control of environmental pollution and optimal
investment and employment decisions
[Optimal Control Appl. Methods 8 (1987), no. 1, 21--36; MR 87k:90080]
by W. T. Lin.
Forster, Bruce A. (Department of Mathematics and Statistics,
University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada)
Contributors: Lin, W. T.
Optimal Control Applications & Methods , 1988, 9, no. 3, 333-336.
ISSN: Language: English
Document Type: Journal
Subfile: MR (Mathematical Reviews) AMS
Abstract Length: SHORT (8 lines)
Summary: In a recent issue of this journal, Lin (see the paper cited in the
heading) analysed a pollution control model that is designed to include
adjustment costs, investment, employment and inflation. His analysis of
the control theoretic solution appears to contain a number of errors
which are pointed out here. Also, the model that he constructed has some
awkward features in the view of this analyst." [MAT]
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1955721
Dynamic aspects of an economic optimum for the quality of the
environment.
Gusev, A. A.
Varlamova, O. S.
Ekonomika i Matematicheskie Metody , 1988, 24, no. 3, 447-457.
CODEN:EMAMBV
Language: Russian
Document Type: Journal
Subfile: CMP (Current Mathematical Publications) AMS
Type of Abstract: No review planned
[MAT]
89-00183
Effect of normal standard errors on lognormal distributions
Savoie, D.L
Rosenstiel Sen. Mar. and Atmos. Sci., Univ. Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker
Causeway, Miami, FL 33149-1098, USA
ATMOS. ENVIRON VOL 22, NO. 9, pp. 1957-1962, Publ.Yr: 1988
SUMMARY LANGUAGE- ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
Simulated "empirical" data sets were generated to assess the effect of a
normally distributed blank on the apparent frequency distribution of a
constituent whose concentrations are actually lognormally distributed.
When the standard deviation of the blank (s sub(blank)) is relatively
small, on the order of 10-50% of the geometric mean, the major
consequence is a significant downturn in the cumulative probability plot
at the low end of the concentration scale. With larger standard deviations,
the upper portion of the plot is also substantially affected;
concentrations for a given cumulative frequency can be significantly
higher than those which actually exist. Regression of the data above the
detection limit (defined as 2 times s sub(blank)) can yield reasonably
good estimates of the actual distribution parameters even when the
standard deviation is comparable to the actual geometric mean. At
higher standard deviations, regression analysis yields substantially
biased results. [PA]
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NTIS No: DE88753218/HDM
Title: EXINT - Combination of the Single-Medium Models EXSOL,
EXWAT, and EXAIR to a Multi-Media Model. Main Report
Performing Organization: Gesellschaft fuer Strahlen- und
Umweltforschung m.b.H. Muenchen, Neuherberg (Germany, F.R.).
Projektgruppe Umweltgefaehrdungsponteniale von Chemikalien.
Report No: GSF-32/87
Notes: Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products. ;
In German.; U.S. Sales Only. Portions of this document are illegible in
microfiche products.
Date: Dec 87 Pages: 60p NTIS Price Code: PC A04/MF A01
Language: German
Abstract: Mathematical models which consider the most relevant
environmental transport and transformation processes, were developed
for the description of the environmental fate of chemicals. Three models
regarding the behaviour in soil (EXSOL), surface waters (EXWAT) and
lower troposphere (EXAIR) together with another model (EXINT) which
describes the exchange processes between these three media form the
core of a system for exposure estimations. Two further models are
available for special situations. For estimating ecotoxicological effects,
use is made from toxicological single-species-tests (ETTOX). The release
from the technosphere into the three media soil, water and air is
determined from the production volume and the use pattern (RLTEC).
Environmental hazard potentials are derived from release, fate and effect
potentials, and applied to priority setting among existing chemicals. For
this purpose, the models and the decision aids are combined in a computer
program E4CHEM (Exposure and Ecotoxicity Estimation for Environmental
CHEMicals). By means of E4CHEM, descriptors of the environmental hazard
are calculated from substance data with predetermined environmental
conditions. The descriptors are defined with the aim to correspond with
the selection criteria of the German Chemicals Act. The final results of
the calculations are lists of chemicals in the order of increasing hazard.
(ERA citation 13:034887) [NT]
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89-05839
A method for the estimation of chronic disease morbidity and
trends from mortality data
Verdecchia, A.; Capocaccia, R.; Egidi, V.; Golini, A.
1st. Super. Sant., Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
STAT. MED VOL f, NO. 2, pp. 201-206, Publ.Yr: 1989
SUMMARY LANGUAGE- ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
Measures of chronic degenerative disease diffusion, such as incidence and
prevalence rates, are a basic need for epidemiologists and others
working in many fields of human sciences. Equations relating death
probabilities to incidence and survival probabilities for chronic
degenerative diseases are derived from a cohort point of view. A
maximum likelihood approach is adopted for the estimation of
incidence as a function of time related covariates. When time series of
mortality data are available, the model can be used to describe and
analyse levels and dynamics of morbidity. A trial application to lung and
breast cancer is given for the province of Varese, Italy, where incidence
data are available from the Lombardy Cancer Register. [PA]
02768118
Title: Numerical approach to solution of pollutant transport
models using personal computers.
Author: Cadena, Fernando
Corporate Source: New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM, USA
Source: CoED (Journal) (Computers in Education Division of ASEE) v 9 n
2 Apr-Jun 1989 p 34-36
Publication Year: 1989
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article) Treatment: A; (Applications); T;
(Theoretical)
Abstract: The number of significant digits stored by personal computers
during calculation of exponential and complementary error functions in
pollutant transport models is frequently insufficient, even when
double-precision is used. A numerical simplification overcomes this
limitation and increases output precision. A QUICKBASIC program is
presented to illustrate use of this numerical simplification. (Author
abstract) 7 Refs. [COM]
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89-00439
Parametric and nonparametric tests for dependent data
El-Shaarawi, A.M.; Damsleth, E.
Natl. Water Res. Inst., Canada Cent. Inland Waters, Burlington, Ont. L7R
4A6, Canada
WATER RESOUR. BULL VOL. 24, NO. 3, pp. 513-519, Publ.Yr: 1988
SUMMARY LANGUAGE- ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
Simulation and analytical results show that ignoring serial dependence
can have serious effects on the performance of the t, sign, and Wilcoxen
tests. In particular, the true significance levels of these tests are
altered significantly from the intended nominal levels. Modifications for
these tests are given and shown to have the correct .significance levels.
Furthermore, an estimate of serial correlation is suggested for binary
data and evaluated by simulation. An application to the toxic
contaminants data from the Niagara River concludes the paper. [PA]
1969783
Some problems of approximate aggregation
Nekotorye zadachi priblizhennogo agregirovaniya.
lonova, I. V.
Smirnova, T. G.
Publ: Akad. Nauk SSSR, Vychisl. Tsentr, Moscow,
1988, 36 pp.
Series: Soobshcheniya po Prikladnoi Matematike. [Reports in Applied
Mathematics]
Language: Russian
Document Type: Book
Subfile: MR (Mathematical Reviews) AMS
Abstract Length: SHORT (6 lines)
Summary (translated from the Russian): We study a problem of
approximate aggregation for a model of interproduct balance and for a
dynamic model that is a system of ordinary differential equations, in the
right-hand sides of which unknown parameters may appear. We consider
the case where aggregates are linear functions of the original variables.
We obtain results for some classes of ecological and economic models."
[MAT]
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1044946
Structure des modeles mathematiques en biologie.
The structure of mathematical models in biology: Analysis and
optimization of systems (Antibes, 1988)
Gouze, Jean-Luc (Institut National de Recherche en Informatique
Automatique (INRIA), 06560 Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France)
1988,
Springer, Berlin-New York,; 1152-1163,,
Series: Lecture Notes in Control and Inform. Sci., 111,
Language: French Summary Language: English
Document Type: Proceedings Paper
Subfile: MR (Mathematical Reviews) AMS
Abstract Length: SHORT (6 lines)
Summary: We propose a rather general methodology for building
mathematical models in biology. From the structure of the model, we
deduce results on the behaviour of the solutions of the system: existence
and stability of stationary points, of periodic solutions. These results
depend only on the structural relations in the model, and not on the
precise expression of the functions that describe these relations." For
the entire collection see MR 89c:00031. [MAT]
10
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II A. Air-General
NTIS No: PB88-145313/HDM
Title: Computer Architecture for Research in Meteorology and
Atmospheric Chemistry; Final rept.
Performing Organization: Microelectronics Center of North Carolina,
Research Triangle Park.
Report No: EPA/600/3-87/049
Sponsoring Organization: Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle
Park, NC.; Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Notes: Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Date: Dec 87 Pages: 138p NTIS Price Code: PC A07/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The study examines the feasibility of constructing a peripheral
hardware module that could be attached to a mini or midsized computer to
accelerate the execution of large air pollution models, such as the EPA's
Regional Oxidant Model (ROM). Crucial information necessary to design
such an accelerator is acquired by running the ROM computer code under
instrumentation which shows how the computational load is distributed
within the model and the data transfer rates between each step of the
model execution. These data reveal that a model such as the ROM is not
amenable to acceleration using a vector-type architecture because the
computational burden is too inhomogeneous in space and time.
Simulations show that an accelerator based on the tile machine
architecture would be capable of executing the ROM up to 100 times
faster than the host machine working alone. [NT]
11
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87-03105
Conditional concentration statistics for surface plumes in the
atmospheric boundary layer
Sawford, B.L.
CSIRO Div. Atmos. Res., Private Bag No. 1, PO Mordialloc, Vic. 3195,
Australia
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROL VOL. 38, NO. 3, pp. 209-223, Publ.Yr:
1987
SUMMARY LANGUAGE- ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
A set of concentration time series from ground-level plumes in the atmosphere
has been used to generate conditionally sampled (zeros ignored) plume
concentration statistics. These have been compared and contrasted with
corresponding unconditionally sampled statistics. It is found that conditional
statistics are much less sensitive to the location of the receptor (relative
to the mean plume) and to averaging time. Indeed, most of the variation
apparent in unconditionally sampled statistics (both explained and
unexplained) resides in the intermittency, the fraction of non-zero readings. The
data are used to test three commonly used models for the concentration
frequency distribution. At the simplest level of modelling, it is assumed
that conditional statistics are invariant; then the data are best represented by a
clipped-normal distribution. However, an exponential distribution is only
slightly conservative and has the advantage of simplicity. A log-normal
distribution is clearly not supported by the data. With this simple approach
the intermittency remains unspecified and this is a serious deficiency. [PA]
NTIS No: PB88-202387/HDM
Title: Dispersion Model for Elevated Dense Gas Jet Chemical
Releases. Volume 1. Documentation
Performing Organization: Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
Report No: EPA/450/4-88/006A; EPA/SW/DK-88/048A
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Notes: For system on diskette, see PB88-202379. See also Volume 2,
PB88-202395.; Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
Date: Apr 88 Pages: 82p NTIS Price Code: PC A05/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The document is the first of two volumes describing the
development and use of a computer program designed to model the
12
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dispersion of heavier-than-air gases which are emitted into the
atmosphere with significant velocity through elevated ports. The program
incorporates the sequential execution of two models. The first one (Ooms)
calculates the trajectory and dispersion of the gas plume as it falls to
the ground. The second (DEGADIS) calculates the downwind dispersion
after the plume touches ground. The first volume discusses the
development of both models and establishes the mathematical framework
for the calculations.- In addition, the trajectory portion of the model is
evaluated in reference to wind tunnel data. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-202395/HDM
Title: Dispersion Model for Elevated Dense Gas Jet Chemical
Releases. Volume 2. User's Guide
Performing Organization: Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
Report No: EPA/450/4-88/006B; EPA/SW/DK-88/048B
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Notes: For system on diskette, see PB88-202379. See also Volume 1,
PB88-202387.; Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
Date: Apr 88 Pages: 377p NTIS Price Code: PC A17/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The mathematical modeling techniques used to predict
atmospheric dispersion of denser-than-air gases in the Ooms and
DEGADIS models are briefly summarized. The Ooms/DEGRADIS model was
written in FORTRAN with specific intent for compilation and execution on
a Digital Equipment Corporation VAX computer. The Ooms model
describes the release and subsequent dilution and trajectory of an
elevated gas jet as a gas plume. If the plume falls to ground level,
DEGADIS describes the resulting ground-level plume. DEGADIS can also be
used to describe the release and dilution from a low-momentum, ground-
level release. The necessary model-input information to simulate a
denser-than-air gas release is summarized. Example simulations of
steady-state and transient release and guidelines for installation of the
models are included. The Ooms and DEGADIS models are listed along with
certain program variables and diagnostic messages. [NT]
13
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NTIS No: PB88-202379/HDM
Title: Dispersion Model for Elevated Dense Gas Jet Chemical
Releases (Ooms/DEGADIS) (for Microcomputers); Software
Performing Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office o. Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Report No: EPA/SW/DK-88/048
Notes: The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette, double sided,
double density compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer. Diskettes
are in ASCII format. Price includes documentation, PB88-202387 and
PB88-202395. Date: Apr 88 Pages: 2 diskettes NTIS Price Code: CP
D99 V
Language: English
Abstract: The computer program, Ooms/DEGADIS, found on these diskettes
and described in the EPA report entitled, 'A Dispersion Model for Elevated
Dense Gas Jet Chemical Releases - Volumes 1 & 21 (EPA 450/4-88-006a &
b), is a VAX-operational program designed to simulate the dispersion of
heavier-than-air gases which are emitted into the atmosphere with
significant velocity through elevated ports. The program incorporates the
sequential execution of two models. The first one (Ooms) calculates the
trajectory and dispersion of the gas plume as it falls to the ground. The
second (DEGADIS) calculates the downwind dispersion of the plume after
it touches the ground. Users are referred to the Preface in the User's
Guide for specific instructions for program implementation...Software
Description: The program is written in FORTRAN with specific intent for
compilation and execution on a Digital Equipment Corporation VAX
computer. Implementation of the model on any other computer system
may be attempted at the risk of the user. To facilitate dissemination of
the model, it is being provided on two PC-compatible diskettes. The
model should be uploaded via modem from a PC terminal to host VAX
computer, and several files must then be renamed prior to compilation and
execution. [NT]
14
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NTIS No: PB88-180062/HDM
Title: Evaluation and Assessment of UNAMAP (User's Network for
Applied Modeling of Air Pollution); Rept. for Jul 86-Nov 87
Performing Organization: Battelle Columbus Div., Washington, DC.
Report No: EPA/600/3-88/009
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Notes: Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Date: Mar 88 Pages: 237p NTIS Price Code: PC A11/MF A01
Language: English :
Abstract: The Evaluation and Assessment of UNAMAP is a study to
determine how best to improve the usefulness and availability of the
UNAMAP air pollution dispersion models. The report describes a plan for
implementing a series of recommended improvements to the UNAMAP
program. It also describes the earlier parts of the study upon which the
plan is based. The study consisted of a technology assessment followed
by data collection and analysis which were used to develop the strategy
and the specific improvements contained in the plan. The overview
includes a summary of the data collected during the study, and the
conclusion, drawn from analysis of that data. The analysis indicates that
improvements to UNAMAP are needed in the areas of: (1) model accuracy;
(2) model documentation; (3) user support; (4) data collection; (5) data
input; and, (6) computer compatibility. The report describes a plan which
is based on a strategy that is consistent with the longterm objectives for
UNAMAP. The report contains a strategic framework for improving
UNAMAP. The strategic framework guides the implementation and strikes
a balance between the goals of advancing dispersion modeling research
and transferring technology to the public. Included in the plan is a set of
ten specific recommended improvements which are described and broken
into specific tasks. Estimates of time and cost required to implement
each improvement are given at the task level. Finally, the recommended
improvements are grouped into three phases. A schedule is presented at
the task level for the five recommended improvements in Phase 1. [NT]
15
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NTIS No: PB89-123020/HDM •
Title: Indoor Air Pollution Source Database;
Journal article Performing Organization: Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
Report No: EPA/600/J-88/178
Notes: Pub. in JAPCA, v38 n5 p670-671 May 88.
Date: 1988 Pages: 5p NTIS Price Code: PC A02/MF A01
Language: English
Document Type: Journal article
Abstract: The paper, directed to individual interested in indoor air
pollution, is an introduction, and directions for the use of, the EPA indoor
air pollution source database (also known as the indoor air source
emissions database). The database is a computerized system containing
source characterization studies done in the U.S. and abroad. It addresses
the entire range of indoor air sources. It provides ready access to such
information as: emission factors determined for each of the pollutants and
sources tested, data about the test facility, conditions of the experiment,
sampling and analytical data, and an abstract of each publication. The
program also includes options for researchers carrying out their own
source characterization studies. The database is currently available in a
dBase III version or a Clipper compiled version. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-181052/HDM
Title: Model and Data Base Description for California's Level 1
PM(10) Assessment Package; Final rept. 15 Jul 85-30 Apr 87
Performing Organization: Nevada Univ. System, Reno. Desert Research
Inst.
Report No: DRI-8066-002.1F1; ARB-R-88/330
Sponsoring Organization: Sonoma Technology, Inc., Santa Rosa, CA.;
Environmental Monitoring and Services, Inc., Camarillo, CA.; California
State Air Resources Board, Sacramento.
Notes: See also PB88-181060.; Prepared in cooperation with Sonoma
Technology, Inc., Santa Rosa, CA., and Environmental Monitoring and
Services, Inc., Camarillo, CA. Sponsored by California State Air
Resources Board, Sacramento.
Date: Sep 87 Pages: 170p NTIS Price Code: PC A08/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: A Level I PM(10) Assessment Package is described which will
allow initial estimates to be made of the source contributions to PM(10)
receptor concentrations. The package consists of the Principal
16
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Components Analysis, Chemical Mass Balance (CMB), and Industrial Source
Complex-Short Term models implemented on IBM/PC compatible
microcomputers. The software is applicable to existing data sets and is
consistent with EPA's protocols for application and validation of the CMB
receptor model and for reconciling differences among receptor and
dispersion models. The document describes the models which are
included in the Level I PM(10) Assessment Package, the measurement
methods which are commonly applied to obtain model input data, and the
availability of these data in the state of California. A companion users'
manual provides step-by-step instructions on the application of the
package to real data. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-181060/HDM
Title: Model and Data Base Description for California's Level 1
PM(10) Assessment Package: Users' Guide; Final rept. 15 Jul
85-30 Apr 87
Performing Organization: Nevada Univ. System, Reno. Desert Research
Inst. Report No: DRI-8066.2F; ARB-R-88/331
Sponsoring Organization: California State Air Resources Board,
Sacramento. Notes: See also PB88-181052.; Sponsored by California
State Air Resources Board, Sacramento.
Date: Oct 87 Pages: 125p NTIS Price Code: PC A06/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: A Level I PM(10) Assessment Package is described which will
allow initial estimates to be made of the source contributions to PM(10)
receptor concentrations. The package consists of the Principal
Components Analysis. Chemical Mass Balance, and Industrial Source
Complex-Short Term models implemented on IBM/PC compatible
microcomputers. The software is applicable to existing data sets and is
consistent with EPA's protocols for application and validation of the CMB
receptor model and for reconciling differences among receptor and
dispersion models. The document describes the models which are
included in the Level I PM(10) Assessment Package, the measurement
methods which are commonly applied to obtain model input data, and the
availability of these data in the state of California. A companion users'
manual provides step-by-step instructions on the application of the
package to real data. [NT]
17
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1977188
Numerical treatment of large-scale air pollution models.
Zlatev, Z. (Riso National Laboratory , 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)
Berkowicz, R. (Riso National Laboratory , 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)
Corporate Source Codes: DK-RNL; DK-RNL
Computers & Mathematics with Applications. An International Journal
, 1988, 16, no. 1-2, 93-109. ISSN: 0097-4943 CODEN: CMAPDK
Language: English
Document Type: Journal
Subfile: MR (Mathematical Reviews) AMS
Abstract Length: MEDIUM (13 lines)
Summary: A study of air pollution phenomena over a large space domain by a
fairly general mathematical model is discussed. The space discretization of a
model leads to huge systems of ODEs. The integration algorithms used in the
solution of these systems must be efficient. If a 3D model is considered, then a
vector processor is to be used. Moreover, the most time-consuming parts of the
code are to be vectorized. The calculated results, concentrations of different
air pollutants, must be reliable, because they have to be used by other
specialists. Therefore different checks concerning the reliability of the results
are carried out. In this paper it is shown that an efficient and reliable code for
studying both sulphur and nitrogen pollution has been developed. Some
simulation processes are also described briefly." [MAT]
02187712
Title: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SOIL AND AIR:
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION BY THE SIMCA
METHOD.
Author: Vogt, Nils B.; Brakstad, Frode; Thrane, Karin; Nordenson, Svein;
Krane, Jostein; Aamot, Eli; Kolset, Knut; Esbensen, Kim; Steinnes, Eiliv
Corporate Source: Cent for Industrial Research, Oslo, Norw
Source: Environmental Science and Technology v 21 n 1 Jan 1987 p 35-
44 Publication Year: 1987
CODEN: ESTHAG ISSN: 0013-936X
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: G; (General Review); X; (Experimental)
Journal Announcement: 8704
Abstract: Soil samples from 12 locations in Norway have been analyzed
for 9 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The same unsubstituted
PAH have been determined in air samples collected near an aluminum
reduction plant. Analysis by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass
18
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spectroscopy in the selected' ion mode showed concentrations in soil
ranging from less than 1 ppb (detection limit) to 993 ppb for individual
unsubstituted PAH. The highest concentrations are found close to
aluminum plants. Correlation analysis and SIMCA pattern recognition
show that the patterns of unsubstituted PAH in soil samples
collected close to aluminum plants are different from those in soil
samples collected from other areas. Soil samples from a bog
environment show a somewhat different pattern of PAH than other soil
samples. (Author abstract) 43 refs. [COM]
02693154
Title: Statistical analysis relating to recent Federal
Standard 209 (cleanrooms) revisions.
Author: Cooper, Douglas W.
Corporate Source: IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
Source: Journal of Environmental Sciences v 31 n 5 Sep-Oct 1988 p 48-
52 . ' . -;. ''. .' . •;
Publication Year: 1988
Language: English • :; •
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article) Treatment: T; (Theoretical)
Journal Announcement: 8901
Abstract: The recent revisions of Federal Standard 209 regarding
cleanrooms include two statistical tests for the concentration data
obtained from sampling airborne particles: a) that none of the location
averages exceeds the Class Limit (CL) and b) that there be 95 percent
confidence that the true mean of the location averages does not exceed the
CL, based on the data making up the grand mean of averages. For any
situation where each location has approximately the same standard
deviation in its readings, the Poisson and normal distributions included,
if one has 95 percent confidence that none of the locations exceeds
the CL, the requirement for the grand mean is also likely to be met if
five or more locations are sampled. Simulation methods can assist
prediction, and several methods are summarized. (Edited author abstract)
7 refs. [COM]
19
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02205057
Title: STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUND-WATER
QUALITY VARIABLES.
Author: Montgomery, Robert H.; Loftis, Jim C.; Harris, Jane Corporate
Source: Woodward-Cylde Consultants, Denver, CO, USA Source: Ground
Water v 25 n 2 Mar-Apr 1987 p 176-184
Publication Year: 1987
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: G; (General Review)
Journal Announcement: 8705
Abstract: A synthesis of current literature and a statistical analysis of existing
ground-water quality data were conducted. Specifically, the purpose of the
study was to determine whether ground-water quality variables: (1) are
normally distributed, (2) exhibit seasonal patterns, and (3) are correlated in
time. The results of the investigation suggest that many ground-water quality
variables: are not normally distributed, but have skewed right distributions;
can exhibit seasonal fluctuations of various shapes and magnitudes, especially
in shallow or highly permeable aquifers; and can exhibit significant serial
correlation when samples are collected quarterly. (Edited author abstract) 17
refs. [COM]- ;
NTIS No: PB88-169487/HDM
Title: UNAMAP: User's Network for Applied Modeling of Air
Pollution, Version 6 (Revised); Model-Simulation
Performing Organization: Environmental Sciences Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
Report No: EPA/SW/MT-88/041
Notes: Supersedes PB86-222361.; Source tape is in the ASCII character
set. This restricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS Computer
Products if you have questions. Price includes 41 related documents.
Date: 4 Jan 88 Pages: mag tape NTIS Price Code: CP T99
Language: English
Abstract: UNAMAP (VERSION 6) Dated 4 Jan 88 represents the update to
the Users .Network for Applied Modeling of Air pollution. UNAMAP
consists of an ASCII magnetic tape containing FORTRAN codes and test
data for 24 Air Quality Simulation Models (AQSM) as well as associated
documentation. AQSM's and supporting programs and data are arranged in
seven sections: Section 1. Guideline (Appendix A) models..(file 2 through
9); Section 2. Other models or processors (New models)..(files 10 through
20
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19 and 33); Section 3. Other models and processors (revised)..(files 20
through 27 and 32); Section 4. Additional models for regulatory use (files
28 through 31); Section 5. Added models..(file 69); Section 6. Data
files..(files 34 through 39); Section 7. Output print files..(files 40 through
68 & 70). There are 70 files on the tape. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-123955/HDM
Title: UNAMAP - User's Network for the Applied Modeling of Air
Pollution; Rept. for Jul-Oct 87
Performing Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Report No: EPA/600/D-87/330
Sponsoring Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Washington, DC.
Notes: See also version 6, PB86-222361.; Prepared in cooperation with
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, DC.
Date: Oct 87 Pages: 8p NTIS Price Code: PC A02/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The Users' Network for the Applied Modeling of Air Pollution
(UNAMAP) was initiated by EPA in 1973. It was conceived as a means of
distributing air pollution models to a variety of organizations around the
country. Since 1973, UNAMAP has grown from 6 models to 23 models. The
report provides a brief description of the UNAMAP system. It also
discusses the impact that changes in National Weather Service
meteorological data will have on air pollution models. [NT]
NTIS No: PB87-145843/HDM
Title: User's Manual for Single-Source (CRSTER) Model
(Addendum)
Performing Organization: Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
Report No: EPA/600/8-86/041
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Notes: See also PB-271360.; Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research
•• Lab. Date: Jan 87 Pages: 141p NTIS Price Code: PC A07/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The Single Source (CRSTER) Model computes hourly
concentrations of quasi-stable pollutants in rural or urban settings. The
model is applicable to design, modification, and evaluation studies for
New Source Review, Prevention of Significant Deterioration, other
21
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permit-related applications, "and evaluations that require the
mathematical simulation of effects from stack effluents of a facility. Up
to nineteen collocated stacks can be considered. For various averaging
times, impacts are calculated on a polar grid of one hundred eighty
receptors which can be at heights other than plant grade provided no
receptor exceeds the height of the lowest stack. This addendum gives
model changes in conjunction with UNAMAP Versioi, 6. New in this release
is the addition of a default option for the automatic setting of variables
and program switches for regulatory application of the model. [NT]
NTIS No: DE88001555/HDM
Title: Using SIR (Scientific Information Retrieval System) for
Data Management During a Field Program
Performing Organization: Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY. Report
No: BNL-40336; CONF-8710172-1
Sponsoring Organization: Department of Energy, Washington, DC. Notes:
USIR annual conference, Washington, DC, USA, 14 Oct 1987.; Portions
of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
Date: 1987 Pages: 14p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Document Type: Conference proceeding
Abstract: As part of the US Department of Energy's program, PRocessing of
Emissions by Clouds and Precipitation (PRECP), a team of scientists from
four laboratories conducted a study in north central New York State, to
characterize the chemical and physical processes occurring in winter
storms. Sampling took place from three aircraft, two instrumented
motor homes and a network of 26 surface precipitation sampling sites.
Data management personnel were part of the field program, using a
portable IBM PC-AT computer to enter information as it became available
during the field study. Having the same database software on the field
computer and on the cluster of VAX 11/785 computers in use aided
database development and the transfer of data between machines. 2 refs.,
3 figs., 5 tabs. (ERA citation 13:012419) [NT]
22
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.NTIS No: DE88005879/HDM .
title: Using the Oeresund Experimental Data to Evaluate the
ABAC (Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability) Emergency
Response Models
Performing Organization: Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
Report No: UCRL-53847
Sponsoring Organization: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Date: 15 Dec 87
Pages: 18p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The capability of the three-dimensional MATHEW-ADPIC
atmospheric transport and diffusion models to simulate pollutant
dispersion in a coastal, environment was evaluated by utilizing data from
a series of meteorological and tracer experiments conducted across the
Oeresund strait between Denmark and Sweden. These experiments, which
were designed to study atmospheric dispersion processes associated with
flows over cold water and warm land surfaces, included the release of a
tracer from the upwind coastline. This tracer was transported over the
Oeresund strait and subsequently sampled along the downwind coastline.
The results of the comparisons between the simulated and the measured
tracer concentrations reveal that in general the calculated maximum
concentrations are higher than those measured by factors of up to 4. A
statistical analysis of the individual sample comparisons indicated that
approximately 50% of the comparisons are within a factor of 4. This
overprediction is believed to be due to the development of a shallow
stable layer over the cold water surface. 17 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab. (ERA
citation 13:025024) [NT]
23
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24
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II B. Air-Sources
NTIS No: PB88-180021/HDM
Title: Air Quality Modeling Analysis of Industrial Point Sources
in Everett, Washington; Final rept. Jun 87-Mar 88
Performing Organization: TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc.,
Mountainlake Terrace, WA.
Report No: EPA/910/9-87/175
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Notes: Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Date: 2 Mar 88 Pages: 43p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The maximum allowable emissions from operating permits for
Scott Paper Company and Weyerhaeuser Company pulp and paper mills in
Everett, Washington were obtained from Washington Department of
Ecology. A 5-year sequential meteorological data base was prepared :
using wind data from the Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency-
monitoring station in Everett, surface observations from Sea-Tac
Airport, and upper air data from Quillayute, Washington. The mill's
emissions of sulfur dioxide and paniculate matter were modeled using
the most recent versions of COMPLEX1, SHORTZ, and ISCST to determine:
(1) if the existing monitoring site was located such that maximum
concentrations are measured; and (2) if existing permit limits on
emissions were sufficient to ensure compliance with State and Federal
ambient air quality standards. [NT]
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02506588
Title: DETERMINATION OF SOURCES OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL
IN COPENHAGEN BASED ON RECEPTOR MODELS.
Author: Kronberg, Dorte; Palmgren Jensen, Finn; Keiding, Kristian;
Heidam, Niels Z.
Corporate Source: Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Den
Source: Atmospheric Environment v 21 n 9 1987 p 1877-1889
Publication Year: 1987
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: T; (Theoretical); X; (Experimental)
Abstract: A statistical analysis is presented of atmospheric aerosol
element composition data collected at five monitoring stations in
Copenhagen in 1983. The objective is to identify sources of air pollution,
to estimate the variation of total suspended particles (TSP) for the
different sources and to calculate the annual average source contribution
to TSP. The basis for analysis is the chemical mass balance equations.
Factor analysis methods are used to identify major sources of pollution
and the contribution from each of the sources to the variation in TSP
is estimated by an additional multiple regression. Finally, the influence
of serial correlations between daily element contributions is discussed
and it is stressed that the result of the analysis is not seriously
affected by these correlations. (Author abstract) 18 refs. [COM]
NTIS No: PB88-198585/HDM
Title: Development of the Fuel Choice Module in the Industrial
Combustion Emissions Model, Volume 2. Phase 2
Performing Organization: Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
Report No: EPA/600/8-88/064B
Sponsoring Organization: Denver Univ., CO.; Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab. Notes: See also Volume 1, PB88-198577.; Prepared in
cooperation with Denver Univ., CO. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
Date: Apr 88 Pages: 60p NTIS Price Code: PC A04/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The report describes the development of a model for predicting
industrial firms' choices of boiler fuel for production of process steam.
In contrast to fuel choice models currently in operation, the model
described here predicts fuel choices probabilistically, rather than
26
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deterministically. In addition, the model is empirical, does not assume
that the costs relevant to fuel choices necessarily are best summarized
by a single, total annualized cost, and provides a way to represent the
effects of non-cost factors that may influence industrial boiler fuel
choice decisions. These characteristics enable the model to provide a
considerably more accurate description of fuel choices than do
deterministic models that assume these choices to be based only on
considerations of total annualized costs. The work was instrumental in
developing a clearer understanding of the relative importance of the
factors at work that have major influence on the industrial boiler fuel
choice decision. [NT]
02755879
Title: Factor analysis in the interpretation of aerosol
composition data.
Author: Negi, B. S.; Sadasivan, S.; Mishra, U. C,
Corporate Source: BARC, Bombay, India
Source: Indian Journal of Environmental Health v 30 n 1 Jan 1989 p 32-
42 Publication Year: 1989
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: A; (Applications); T; (Theoretical); X; (Experimental)
Journal Announcement: 8907
Abstract: This paper presents results of factor analysis applied to large
data sets consisting of elemental concentrations and total suspended
particulate matter (TSPM). The reliability of the analysis was studied by
(i) varying the number of factors (ii) varying the number of variables
(elemental concentrations) (iii) inclusion of TSPM along with element
concentrations (iv) removing very high and very low concentrations
(outliers) as compared to the mean from the data set and (v) using
different units ( mu g/m**3 and mu g/gm) for expressing the
concentrations. The results of analysis obtained under conditions
mentioned above for aerosol data from a few Indian cities are also
presented. (Author abstract) 14 Refs. [COM]
27
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NTIS No: PB88-172234/HDM'
Title: Industrial Combustion Emissions (ICE) Model, Version 6.0.
User's Manual; Rept. for Nov 84-Aug 87
Performing Organization: Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc.,
Arlington, VA.
Report No: EPA/600/8-88/007A; EPA/SW/MT-88/042A
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Notes: For system on magnetic tape, see PB88-172226.; Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Date: Feb 88 Pages: 78p NTIS Price Code: PC A05/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The report is a user's manual for the Industrial Combustion
Emissions (ICE) model. It summarizes user options and software
characteristics, and describes both the input data files and procedures for
operating the model. It discusses proper formatting of files and creation
of job control language. The model projects for each state the emissions
of sulfur oxides, sulfates, and nitrogen oxides from fossil fuel
combustion in industrial boilers. Emissions and costs of boiler
generation, including emission control costs, are projected for the years
1985, 1990,1995, 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-172226/HDM
Title: Industrial Combustion Emissions (ICE) Model, Version 6.0;
Model-Simulation
Performing Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Report No: EPA/600/8-88/007B; EPA/SW/MT-88/042
Notes: Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify recording mode
by specifying density only. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have
questions. Price includes documentation, PB88-172234.
Date: Dec 87 Pages: mag tape NTIS Price Code: CP T11
Language: English
Abstract: The Industrial Combustion Emissions (ICE) Model was developed
by the Environmental Protection Agency for use by the National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) in preparing future
assessments of industrial boiler emissions. The ICE Model user's manual
includes a summary of user options and software characteristics, a
description of the input data files, and a description of the procedures for
28
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operation of the ICE''.Model.' ' Proper formatting of files and creation of job
control language are discussed, the ICE Model projects for each State the
sulfur dioxide, sulfates, and nitrogen oxides emissions from fossil fuel.
combustion in industrial boilers. Projections of emissions and costs of
boiler generation, including emission control costs, are projected for the
years 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030. [NT]
02725514
Title: Model of coal dust explosion suppression by rock dust
entrainment.
Author: Edwards, John C.; Ford, Kathleen M;
Corporate Source: Bur of Mines, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Source: Report of Investigations - United States, Bureau of Mines n
9206 1988 21p
Publication Year: 1988
Language: English
Document Type: RR; (Report Review)
Treatment: L; (Literature Review/Bibliography); T; (Theoretical)
Journal Announcement: 8904 : .
Abstract: The Bureau of, Mines developed a mathematical model to
calculate the aerodynamically induced lifting of coal and rock dust from a
composite deposition on a mine entry floor and the subsequent transport
of the dust ahead :of -the propagating combustion zone of a coal dust
explosion. For a series of experimental explosibility tests approximated
by combustion zones that expand at a constant flame velocity, the mass
fraction of airborne rock dust ahead of the flame front, as well as the
mass fraction overtaken by the combustion zone, was calculated, A
statistical analysis of ;the theoretical results demonstrated .with a high
level of confidence that the propagating and nonpropagating test
samples belonged to separate populations. This analysis was further
supported by an independent model of the averagae temperature over the
combustion zone. (Author abstract) 25 Refs. [COM]
29
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NTIS No: PB88-128517/HDM ,
Title: National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP)
Interim Assessment: The Causes and Effects of Acidic
Deposition
Performing Organization: National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program, Washington, DC.
Notes: Set includes PB88-128525 through PB88-128558.
Date: 1987 Pages: 946p-in 4v NTIS Price Code: PC E99
Language: English
Abstract: No abstract available.
[NT] ; ;
NTIS No: PB88-128525/HDM
Title: National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP)
Interim Assessment: The Causes and Effects of Acidic
Deposition. Volume 1. Executive Summary
Performing Organization: National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program, Washington, DC.
Notes: See also Volume 2, PB.88-128533. Also available from Supt, of
Docs.; Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB88-128517.
Date: 1987 Pages: 114p; NTIS Price Code: PC A06/MF A01
Language: English : ;: ^ •
Abstract: A synopsis of the material covered in the technical volumes of
the NAPAP Interim Assessment. Includes major conclusions from
research in the substantive areas of current and historical emissions,
control technologies, future emissions, atmospheric processes, acidic
deposition and air quality, crop effects, forest effects, effects on aquatic
systems, effects on materials, and effects on human health and visibility.
Also discusses the NAPAP organizational structure, its history, and role
in the understanding of the acidic deposition phenomenon. [NT]
30
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NTIS No: PB88-128533/HDM
Title: National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP)
Interim Assessment: The Causes and Effects of Acidic
Deposition. Volume 2. Emissions and Control
Performing Organization: National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program, Washington, DC.
Notes: See also Volume 1, PB88-128525 and Volume 3, PB88-128541.
Also available from Supt. of Docs.; Also available in set of 4 reports
PC E99, PB88-128517.
Date: 1987 Pages: 247p NTIS Price Code: PC A11/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The volume on Emissions and Controls is the second in a four
volume set which comprises the NAPAP Interim Assessment. It contains
three chapters, (1) 'Historical Emissions,1 (2) 'Emission Control
Technologies,' and (3) 'Future Emissions.1 Volume III, Atmospheric
Processes and Deposition, contains chapters on (4) 'Atmospheric
Processes,1 and (5) 'Acidic Deposition and Air Quality.1 The last volume,
entitled, Effects of Acidic Deposition, covers (6) 'Agricultural Crops,' (7)
'Forests,1 (8) 'Aquatics Systems,' (9) 'Materials,1 and (10) 'Human Health
and Visibility.' Each of these chapters describes the National Program's
research orientation and major conclusions within each of the ten primary
areas of substantive concern. In order to learn how these first-order
conclusions relate to the issue of acidic deposition in an overall, or
synoptic, sense, the reader is directed to Volume I, Executive Summary,
where the conclusions from each of the ten chapters are distilled in a
manner which will allow interested parties to quickly reference the
status of a variety of factors that pertain to the scientific understanding
of acidic deposition. [NT]
31
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NTIS No: PB88-128541/HDM-
Title: National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP)
Interim Assessment: The Causes and Effects of Acidic
Deposition. Volume 3. Atmospheric Processes
Performing Organization: National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program, Washington, DC.
Notes: See also Volume 2, PB88-128533 and Volume 4, PB88-128558.
Also available from Supt. of Docs.; Also available in set of 4 reports
PC E99, PB88-128517.
Date: 1987 Pages: 222p NTIS Price Code: PC A10/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The volume on Atmospheric Processes and Deposition is the
third in a four volume set which comprises the NAPAP Interim
Assessment. It contains two chapters dealing with (4) 'Atmospheric
Processes/ and (5) 'Acidic Deposition and Air Quality.1 Volume II,
Emissions and Controls, contains chapters on (1) 'Historical Emissions,'
(2) 'Emission Control Technologies,' and (3) 'Future Emissions.' Volume IV,
Effects of Acidic Deposition, contains chapters on (6) 'Agricultural
Crops,' (7) 'Forests,' (8) 'Aquatic Systems,' (9) 'Materials,' and (10) 'Human
Health and Visibility.' Each of these chapters describes the National
Program's research orientation and major conclusions within each of the
ten primary areas of substantive concern. In order to learn how these
first-order conclusions relate to the issue of acidic deposition in an
overall, or synoptic, sense the reader is directed to Volume I, Executive
Summary and Major Conclusions, where the conclusions from each of the
ten chapters are distilled in a manner which will allow interested parties
to quickly reference the status of a variety of factors that pertain to the
scientific understanding of acidic deposition. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-128558/HDM
Title: National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP)
Interim Assessment: The Causes and Effects of Acidic
Deposition. Volume 4. Effects of Acidic Deposition
Performing Organization: National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program, Washington, DC.
Notes: See also Volume 3, PB88-128541. Also available from Supt. of
Docs.; Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB88-128517.
Date: 1987 Pages: 363p NTIS Price Code: PC A16/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The volume on Effects of Acidic Deposition is the last in a four
volume set which comprises the NAPAP Interim Assessment. It contains
32
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.five individual chapters covering (6) 'Agricultural Crops,1 (7) "Forests/ (8)
'Aquatic Systems,' (9) 'Materials,1 and (10) 'Human Health and Visibility.1
Volume III, Atmospheric Processes and Deposition, has two chapters on
(4) 'Atmospheric Processes,1 and (5) 'Acidic Deposition and Air Quality.1
Volume II, Emissions and Controls, contains three chapters on (1)
'Historical Emissions,' (2) 'Emission Control Technologies,1 and (3) 'Future
Emissions.' Each of these chapters describes the National Program's
research orientation and major conclusions within each of the ten primary
areas of substantive . concern. In order to learn how these first-order
conclusions relate to the issue of acidic deposition in an overall, or
synoptic, sense, the reader is directed to Volume I, Executive Summary,
where the conclusions from each of the ten subject chapters are distilled
in a manner which will allow interested parties to quickly reference the
status of a variety of factors that pertain to the scientific understanding
of acidic deposition. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-211941/HDM
Title: Revision of the Industrial Combustion Emissions Model to
a Base Year of 1980; Final rept. Mar-Sep 85
Performing Organization: Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc.,
Arlington, VA.
Report No: EPA/600/8-88/078
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Notes: Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC; Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Date: May 88 Pages: 19p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The report describes the development of an updated 1980 base
year fuel consumption and air pollution emissions estimates data base by
state. These 1980 base year data have been incorporated into industrial
combustion emissions (ICE) model Versions 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0. The model is
one of four stationary source emission and control cost forecasting
models developed by EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory. It projects air pollution emissions (SO2, sulfates, NOx, and
particulate matter), costs, and fuel mix for industrial fossil-fuel-fired
(natural gas, distillate and residual fuel oil, and coal) boilers by state
and year (1980 baseline, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030).
Model Version 6.0 is available for remote terminal access and operation
at EPA's National Computer Center. [NT]
33
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NTIS No:.PB87-141461/HDM'
Title: Stability of Parts-Per-Million Organic Cylinder Gases and
Results of Source Test Analysis Audits: Status Report 8
Performing Organization: Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Report No: EPA/600/2-86/117
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Notes: See also PB86-144656.; Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring
Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Date: Jan 87 Pages: 93p NTIS Price Code: PC A05/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: A repository of 45 gaseous compounds including hydrocarbons,
halocarbon, and sulfur species has been established under contract with
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The main objectives
of this on-going project are (1) to provide gas mixtures to EPA,
state/local agencies, or their contractors, as performance audits to
assess the accuracy of source emission measurements in certain organic
chemical manufacturing industries, (2) to corroborate the vendor's
certified analysis of the gas mixtures by in-house analysis, (3) to
determine the stability of the gas mixtures with time by in-house
analysis, and : (4) to explore the feasibility of new audit materials as
requested by EPA. [NT]
0197539 ;
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANT
CONCENTRATIONS AT URBAN, RURAL AND MOTORWAY
LOCATIONS,
CLARK A. I. DAMES & MOORE, UK,; MCINTYRE A. E.; REYNOLDS G. L ;
KIRK P. W.; LESTER J. N.; PERRY R.
ENV TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, NOV 88, V9, N11, P1303(10)
RESEARCH ARTICLE
MEASUREMENTS OF MOTOR VEHICLE-RELATED AIR POLLUTANTS WERE
MADE AT THREE UK SITES OF CONTRASTING DEGREES OF TRAFFIC
INFLUENCE. SULFUR DIOXIDE, NITROGEN OXIDES, CARBON MONOXIDE,
HYDROCARBONS, AND OZONE DATA COLLECTED AT AN URBAN, A RURAL,
AND A HIGHWAY SITE WERE LOG-NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED. MULTIPLE
REGRESSION ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATED SIGNIFICANT AUTOCORRELATION
WITHIN THE DATA. SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER O3 CONCENTRATIONS WERE
RECORDED AT THE RURAL LOCATION THAN AT THE OTHER TWO SITES; CO,
NOX.AND HYDROCARBONS WERE ELEVATED AT THE URBAN AND HIGHWAY
34
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SITES, WHILE SIMILAR SO2 CONCENTRATIONS WERE RECORDED AT ALL
SITES. (13 REFERENCES, 6 TABLES) [ENV]
NTIS No: PB89-134712/HDM
Title: Target Transformation Factor Analysis as an Aerosol Mass
Apportionment Method: A Review and Sensitivity Study
(Journal Version)
Performing Organization: Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst. for
Environmental Studies.
Report No: EPA/600/J-88/213
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Notes: Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v22 n9 pi 777-1792 1988.;
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Date: C1988 Pages: 19p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Document Type: Journal article
Abstract: Over the past several years, a multivariate receptor model
called Target Transformation Factor Analysis (TTFA) has been applied to
various problems of environmental source resolution. In recent reports .
on the analysis of data sets with known structure/good results were
obtained. In order to further test the TTFA approach, additional
simulated data sets have been created with varying degrees of
collinearity of the source profiles and normally distributed uncertainty.
The effect of the collinearity is to restrict the number of resolvable
sources. The analytical error affects the identification of the number of
sources and development of accurate profiles. (Cppyright (c) 1988
Pergamon Press.) [NT] .;,,,
35
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NTIS No: PB88-157888/HDM
Title: Volatile Organic Compound Model (Version 1.8) (for
Microcomputers); Software
Performing Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Report No: EPA/600/8-87/059B; EPA/SW/DK-88/038
Notes: The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette, double sided,
double density compatible with the IBM PC/XT/AT microcomputer.
Diskettes are in the ASCII format. Price includes documentation,
PB88-157896.
Date: 1988 Pages: 3 diskettes NTIS Price Code: CP D99
Language: English
Abstract: Future emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
costs of their control can be estimated by applying growth factors,
emission constraints, control cost functions, and capacity retirement
rates to the base line estimates of VOC emissions and industrial VOC
source capacity in 1980. A personal computer model has been developed
by the U.S. EPA to automate the forecasting procedure. The report
provides guidelines for installing and operating the volatile organic
compound model (VOCM) on an IBM-PC or IBM-PC compatible computer. The
report describes how a VOCM user can create his own data files or use
those supplied with VOCM for preparing forecasts..Software Description:
The software was programmed using the PC-PASQUAL Language for
implementation on the IBM-PC, XT, AT computers using the DOS 3,1
operating system and 320 K bytes memory. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-157896/HDM ;:
Title: Volatile Organic Compound Emission Projection Model
(Version 1.8). User's Manual; Final rept.
Performing Organization: Radian Corp., Research Triangle Parky NC.
Report No: EPA/600/8-87/059A; EPA/SW/DK-88/038A ;'.',.;,'.'
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Notes: For system on diskette, see PB88-157888.; Sponsored by ,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC; Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Date: Dec 87 Pages: 95p NTIS Price Code: PC A05/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The report discusses a model that can be used to estimate
future emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and costs of their
control by applying growth factors, emission constraints, control: cost
36
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functions, and capacity retirement rates to the base line estimates of
VOC emissions and industrial VOC source capacity in 1980. A personal
computer model has been developed to automate the forecasting
procedure. The report provides guidelines for installing and operating the
Volatile Organic Compound Model (VOCM) on an IBM-PC or IBM compatible
computer. The report describes the creation of data files by a VOCM user
and the use of data files supplied with the VOCM for preparing forecasts.
02768499
Title: Use of the GMDH for rapid estimation of air dust pollution
during mining operations.
Author: Kozubovskiy, S. F.; Kupriyanov, V. V.
Corporate Source: Ukrainian SSR Acad of Sciences, Kiev, USSR Source:
Soviet Journal of Automation and Information Sciences (English
translation of Avtomatyka) v 21 n 3 May-Jun 1988 p 73-76
Publication Year: 1988
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article) Treatment: A; (Applications); T;
(Theoretical)
Journal Announcement: 8908
Abstract: The paper considers use of the GMDH to develop methods of fast
determination of the dust content of harmful substances in air. GMDH
algorithms making use of the regularity criterion are implemented on a
computer. A new effect is established of spatial pulsation of dust
components of harmful substances in air during mining operations. Use
is made of this effect to determine the optimum values of the
coefficients of qualitative dust content. By means of self-organization
methods the limiting combined dust norms have been found for the first
time. (Author abstract) 3 Refs. [COM]
37
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38
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II C. Air-Abatement
0199187
GRID MAP: AN AID IN ELIMINATION OF AIR CONTAMINANTS IN
WORKPLACES,
ROSEN GUNNAR AND ; ANDERSON ING-MARIE NATLINST OF
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, SWEDEN,
APPLIED INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE, FEB 89, V4, N2, P32(7)
RESEARCH ARTICLE A METHOD IS PRESENTED FOR COLLECTING AND
PROCESSING DATA FROM CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS OF AIRBORNE
POLLUTANTS. A DIRECT READING INSTRUMENT IS USED TO MONITOR
POLLUTANT LEVELS AT AN ARRAYED NUMBER OF POINTS IN A WORKROOM.
THE DATA IS PROCESSED WITH THE AID OF A COMPUTER PROGRAM WHICH
UTILIZES SPLINE FUNCTIONS TO INTERPOLATE BETWEEN DATA POINTS. A
GRID MAP OF POLLUTANT LEVELS IN THE ROOM IS GENERATED. THE METHOD
HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED TO INDENTIFY THE SOURCE OF SOLVENT
EMISSION IN A SURFACE FINISHING DEPARTMENT OF A FURNITURE
FACTORY. (7 DIAGRAMS, 3 REFERENCES, 1 TABLE) [ENV]
02695459
Title: On the regulation of municipal solid waste resource
recovery incinerators.
Author: Jones, Kay H.; Walsh, James
Corporate Source: Roy F. Weston Inc, Seattle, WA, USA
Source: Risk Analysis v 8 n 3 Sep 1988 p 379-382
Publication Year: 1988
CODEN: RIANDF ISSN: 0272-4332
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: G; (General Review)
Journal Announcement: 8901
Abstract: On the basis of risk analysis, the EPA has proposed that acid
gas and particulate control technology be included on all new MSW/RDF-
fired resource recovery incinerators built in the United States.
Although scrubbers reduce acid gas emissions, it has never been
demonstrated that such reductions are needed to protect health. The
authors believe that the EPA's analysis leads to the incorrect
conclusion that scrubbers are necessary on new incinerators. They
present an alternative assessment. The authors believe that the most
39
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likely technology-by-technology emission factors, and the geometric
mean or average of any other correction factors applied should be
employed to assess relative nationwide annual cancer risks. When
appropriate statistical analysis of the emissions data is used, a wholly
different risk picture emerges than that presented by the EPA. The authors
recommend that the EPA focus on strategies to phase out the older, high-
emitting facilities, if they feel that some regulatory strategy is needed.
Srefs. [COM]
86-06968
Seminar summary incinerator emissions of heavy metals and
particulates
Hansen, J.A.
Environ. Eng. Lab., Univ. Aalborg, Sohngardsholmsvej 57, 9000
Aalborg, Denmark
ISWA Specialized Seminar on Incinerator Emissions on Heavy Metals
and Particulates Copenhagen (Denmark) 18-19 Sep 1985
WASTE MANAGE. RES VOL. 4, NO. 1, pp. 121-125,
Publ.Yr: 1986
SUMMARY LANGUAGE- ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
It was the intention of this specialized seminar to present recent
developments and experimental statistical or theoretical results
regarding emission of particles and heavy metals from municipal
solid waste incinerators. The limited scope was to secure a
qualified, in-depth discussion and achieve two results: firstly, a state-
of-the-art assessment on emissions of heavy metals and particulates, as
well as their correlation to plant operation; secondly, a realistic base
of data to be used for environmental and health risk analysis, and
formulation of operational strategies and procedures for emission control
on a statistical basis. The attendance was pre-limited to 60
particpants, including authors and organizers. The programme is shown in
the Annex. [PA]
40
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02638108
Title: STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF PCDD AND PCDF EMISSION
DATA.
Author: Pallesen, Lars
Corporate Source: Technical Univ of Denmark, Lyngby, Den Source:
Waste Management & Research v 5 n 3 Sep 1987 p 367-379 Publication
Year: 1987
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: A; (Applications); G; (General Review); X; (Experimental)
Journal Announcement: 8809
Abstract: Real PCDD and PCDF emission data from a statistically planned
measurement programme at Amagerforbraending, Copenhagen, 1985 are
analyzed. It is demonstrated how statistical analysis of variance can be
used to break down the total variability in the data into interpretable
components. Crossed and nested data structures are considered.
Emission differences over time are significant, but less so than
differences due to alternative sample taking methods, and even greater
differences were found between laboratories. (Author abstract) 6 refs.
[COM] ;
41
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42
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II D. Air-Impact
02746446
Title: Analysis of visual range in the Eastern United States
under different meteorological regimes.
Author: Zannetti, Paolo; Tombach, Ivar H.; Cvencek, Slavko J. Corporate
Source: AeroVironment Inc. Monrovia, CA, USA
Source: JAPCA (Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association) v 39 n
2 Feb 1989 p 200-203
Publication Year: 1989
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: G; (General Review); T; (Theoretical); X; (Experimental)
Journal Announcement: 8906
Abstract: Atmospheric visibility depends on the emissions of pollutants
into the atmosphere and on the meteorological conditions in that
atmosphere. To illuminate the relationship between visibility and
meteorology, we present, in this technical note, a simple statistical
analysis of visual range measurements in urban and rural areas of the
eastern United States under different meteorological conditions. The
eastern United States was divided into four areas. Eight subregions were
produced when the four areas above were subdivided into urban and
rural sections. Visibility data collected at airports were used. Days with
high relative humidity are characterized by the lowest visual range.
The 'continental' meteorological regimes are associated with higher
visual ranges, while 'maritime' conditions have lower visual range.
Coastal regions generally have higher visual ranges than central regions.
10 Refs. [COM]
43
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NTIS No: PB88-185178/HDM'
Title: Effects of Daily Ozone Exposure Duration and
Concentration Fluctuation on Yield of Tobacco; Journal
article
Performing Organization: North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Report
No: EPA/600/J-87/290
Sponsoring Organization: Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD.;
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Notes: Pub. in American Phytopathological Society, v77 n6 p856-862
1987.; Prepared in cooperation with Agricultural Research Service,
Beltsville, MD. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Date: c1987 Pages: 9p NTIS Price Code: PC A02/MF A01
Language: English
: Document Type: Journal article
Abstract: Flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum McNair 944) was exposed
to chronic doses of ozone (O3) in open-top field chambers to determine
the influence of frequency and magnitude of peak O3 concentrations and
daily exposure duration on tobacco yield response. The treatments were
established by adding O3 in amounts that were proportional to ambient O3
concentrations or in constant amounts. The frequency of occurrence and
level of peak O3 concentrations were greater for each proportional-
addition treatment than for the corresponding constant-addition
treatments. However, the seasonal mean O3 concentrations were nearly
identical, and the yield response to O3 was similar for both types of O3
for 12 hr/day (1000 to 2200 hours EOT) was 10% less (three treatment
levels combined) than in those receiving proportional addition for 7
hr/day (1000 to 1700 hours EDT). If other important crop species have a
similar response to 03 late in the afternoon, previous national crop loss
estimates based on seasonal 7 hr/day O3 exposures may be low. [NT]
0199150
GREENHOUSE WARMING: SEARCHING FOR THE FACTS,
DANIEL R. EDREA
ENV VIEWS, DEC 88, V11, N3, P16(5)
JOURNAL ARTICLE THE RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES AND DROUGHT IN \
NORTH AMERICA IN 1988 POINT TO ATMOSPHERIC WARMING, BUT
SCIENTISTS DISAGREE ABOUT ACTUAL CAUSES AND TREND PREDICTIONS.
ONE NASA SCIENTIST CLAIMS THAT THE GLOBAL WARMING IS OCCURING
NOW, WITH AN INCREASE OF 0.7 DEGREE DURING THE PAST CENTURY.
STUDIES OF CLIMATE TRENDS CONSIDER HISTORICAL DATA FROM ICE CORES
AND PROXY DATA WHICH IS INFERRED FROM TREE RINGS, SEDIMENTS,
44
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ETC. COMPUTERIZED SIMULATIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE INDUCED
WARMING DEAL WITH COMPLEX ATMOSPHERIC INTERACTIONS. (1 DRAWING,
1 GRAPH, 4 PHOTOS) [ENV] /
02588440
Title: MICROCOMPUTER-BASED SYSTEM TO MEASURE, RECORD
AND PROCESS FLOW-VOLUME CURVES, RESPIRATORY
QUESTIONNAIRE DATA AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE.
Author: EI-Dhaher, A. H. G.; Mustafa, K. Y.; Abu-lrhayem, F. D. Corporate
Source: Kuwait Univ, Kuwait
Source: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine v 26 n 1 Jan-
Feb 1988 p 63-70
Publication Year: 1988
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: A; (Applications); G; (General Review)
Journal Announcement: 8806
Abstract: A microcomputer-based system was developed to measure flow-
volume curve parameters, record respiratory questionnaire data and analyze
the collected data. The hardware of the system consists of two parts which
operate independently and are linked together for data transfer. The first
part is a microprocessor-based unit to accurately measure flow-volume
curve parameters. The second part is a microcomputer unit used to receive
flow-volume curve parameters from the first part, to record responses to
questionnaires stored in the unit and to perform all statistical analysis. The
software included a monitor program controlling system operations, a data base
and a powerful statistical package. Two sets of questionnaires are stored in
the system, one for adults and the other for children. (Edited author abstract)
20 refs. [COM]
45
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02780917
Title: On the water quality of the river Rhine near Dusseldorf.
Title: Zur Wasserqualitaet des Rheins bei Duesseldorf.
Author: Gerike, Peter; Winkler, Kurt; Schneider, Walter; Jakob, Werner
Source: Tenside, Surfactants, Detergents v 26 n 1 Jan-Feb 1989 p 21-
26
Publication Year: 1989
Language: German
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: G; (General Review); X; (Experimental)
Abstract: Water samples are drawn from the river Rhine every week and
analyzed for oxygen, organic carbon, anionic and nonionic surfactants,
chloride, borate and total and o-phosphate. The data, some of which have been
elaborated since 1958, were worked up with the software package
'Statistical Analysis System1. Because of the high data density, dependable
conclusions with respect to trends and mass balances may be drawn. It could be
shown that in the past years the oxygen concentration has increased and the
loads of organic carbon and anionic and non-ionic surfactants have decreased.
Of the inorganic parameters, chloride and borate are stagnant while phosphate
has decreased considerably. Altogether water quality has improved to an
essential extent. (Author abstract) 38 Refs. In German. [COM]
1939273
Simulation and stability analysis for parameter dependent $2$-
dimensional models of air polluted forests.
Mathematical modelling in science and technology (St. Louis, MO, 1987).
Metzler, Wolfgang (FB Mathematik, Gesamthochschule (GHS) Kassel,
3500 Kassel, Federal Republic of Germany)
Gockert, Dieter (FB Mathematik, Gesamthochschule (GHS) Kassel, 3500
Kassel, Federal Republic of Germany)
(Metzler, Wolfgang2 )
Corporate Source Codes: D-KSSL; D-KSSL
Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 1988, 11, 493-498.
Language: English
Document Type: Journal
Subfile: CMP (Current Mathematical Publications) AMS
Type of Abstract: No review planned
[MAT]
46
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NTIS No: DE88012934/HDM
Title: Statistical Study of the Macroepidemiology of Air
Pollution and Total Mortality
Performing Organization: Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY. Report
No: BNL-52122
Sponsoring Organization: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Notes: Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
Date: Apr 88 Pages: 143p NTIS Price Code: PC A07/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: A statistical analysis of spatial patterns of 1980 US urban total
mortality (all causes) was performed, evaluating demographic,
socioeconomic and air pollution factors as predictors. Specific mortality
predictors included cigarette smoking, drinking water hardness, heating
fuel use, and 1978-1982 annual concentrations of the following air
pollutants: ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfate aerosol, particulate
concentrations of lead, iron, cadmium, manganese, vanadium, as well as
total and fine particle mass concentrations from the inhalable
particulate network (dichotomous samplers). In addition, estimates of
sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and sulfate aerosol were made for each
city using the ASTRAP long-range transport diffusion model, and entered
into the analysis as independent variables. Because the number of cities
with valid air quality and water hardness data varied considerably by
pollutant, it was necessary to consider several different data sets,
ranging from 48 to 952 cities. The relatively strong associations (ca. 5-
10%) shown for 1980 pollution with 1980 total mortality are generally
not confirmed by independent studies, for example, in Europe. In addition,
the US studies did not find those pollutants with known adverse health
effects at the concentrations in question (such as ozone or CO) to be
associated with mortality. The question of causality vs. circumstantial
association must therefore be regarded as still unresolved. 59 refs., 20
figs., 40 tabs. (ERA citation 13:041161) [NT]
47
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II E. Air-Monitoring
NTIS No: PB88-191424/HDM
Title: Computer Data Base from EPA's (Environmental Protection
Agency's) Complex Terrain Field Studies. Description of a
SAS (Statistical Analysis System) Computer Data Base from
Tracer Field Studies at Cinder Cone Butte, Idaho; Hogback
Ridge, New Mexico; and the Tracy Power Plant, Nevada; Final
rept.
Performing Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Report No: EPA/600/8-88/067
Date: Apr 88 Pages: 176p NTIS Price Code: PC A09/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: As part of EPA's effort to develop and demonstrate a reliable
model of atmospheric dispersion in mountainous terrain, the Complex
Terrain Model Development Program was initiated. Three tracer field
studies were designed to test model estimates of plume impaction with
observed tracer concentration. The first study was conducted at Cinder
Cone Butte, Idaho; the second at the Tracy Power Plant, Nevada. The
report describes a special computer data base that uses SAS (Statistical
Analysis System) software to store meteorological and tracer gas data
from the three tracer field studies. Using the self-documentation feature
of SAS data sets, data variables can be quickly inspected and acquired for
SAS software programming. Tables give a complete listing of all data
variables along with a short descriptive label. [NT]
88-04568
The concentration and deposition of nitrate, sulfate and
ammonium as a function of wind direction from precipitation
samples
Sperber, K.R.
Lab. Planetary Atmos. Res. and Dep. Mech. Eng., State Univ. New York,
Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
ATMOS. ENVIRON VOL 21, NO. 12, pp. 2629-2641, Publ.Yr: 1987
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
The log sub(e) concentrations of nitrate, sulfate and ammonium are
normally distributed. The t-test (using the log sub(e) transformed data)
49
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indicates the mean concentration of nitrate and sulfate in hourly
precipitation samples, obtained at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long
Island, east of the New York Metropolitan region, to be greatest when
associated hourly averaged wind direction is from the southwest, west and
northwest regions. Ammonium concentration is significantly greater when
winds are from the southwest and west. Nitrate deposition is significantly
greater when winds are from the southwest and west. [PA]
02325781 E.I. Monthly No: EI8711116444
Title: DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN HEALTHY AND SICK
PRESCHOOLS BY CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION.
Author: Baird, John C.; Berglund, Birgitta; Berglund, Ulf;
Nicander-Bredberg, Helene; Noma, Elliot
Corporate Source: Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH, USA
Source: Environment International v 13 n 2 1987 p 167-174
Publication Year: 1987
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: A; (Applications); X; (Experimental)
Journal Announcement: 8711
Abstract: This article outlines an approach designed to find sets of
chemicals that can be used to separate buildings according to their
designation as sick and healthy. Air samples were taken from a healthy and sick
preschool and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography. The prevalence
of different chemical substances was determined and compared across 16
different locations from which air samples were obtained, including
outdoor, supply, room, and exhaust air. In all, 158 different chemical
substances were found; more in the healthy buildings in the sick one. Cluster
analysis, based on the pattern of presence and absence of chemicals, was able
to separate locations within and between the two types of building. The ten
most critical chemicals in this respect were subjected to more complete
statistical analysis in order to highlight further possible differences
between the buildings. (Edited author abstract) 23 refs. [COM]
50
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Belong To:
ary
M Street, SW (TS 79^' •
hi»
,
88-04696 ' Wa8hi»gtoh, DO
An eddy correlation technique with extended applicability to
non-simple terrain
McMillen, R.T.
NOAA, Environ. Res. Lab., Air Resour. Lab., Atmos. Turbul. and Diffus.
Div., Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROL VOL.43, NO. 3, pp.! 231-245, Publ.Yr:
1988 ••;• ; ' ". .
SUMMARY LANGUAGE- ENGLISH ;
Languages: ENGLISH
Journal Announcement: V19N4
A system is described which is intended to calculate vertical fluxes of heat,
moisture, momentum, and certain atmospheric pollutants at sites that are less
than ideal. Fluxes, along with other turbulence statistics, are computed in real-
time and printed at end of each averaging period. The main elements of the
program are (1) "detrending" (by use of running mean removal), (2)
calculation of the entire stress tensor (which allows a three-dimensional
coordinate rotation to be performed on the covariance), (3) software-
adjustable timing delays for each instrument channel, and (4) real-time graphic
presentation of the raw data as stripchart images, the first two of these
program elements tend to relax the normal site and sensor-leveling
requirements. Sample results are presented, and the -sensitivities of the
calculated quantities to coordinate rotation and to mean removal time are
examined for both ideal and non-ideal sites. [PA]
02298353 E.I. Monthly No: EI8708076338
Title: INHALABLE URBAN ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER
IN A SEMI-ARID CLIMATE: THE CASE OF SANTIAGO DE CHILE.
Author: Trier, A.; Silva, C.
Corporate Source: Univ de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile Source:
Atmospheric Environment v 21 n 4 1987 p 977-983
Publication Year: 1987
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: A; (Applications); G; (General Review); X; (Experimental)
Journal Announcement: 8708
Abstract: Dichotomous sampling of inhalable particulate matter (IPM) has been
conducted at a fixed station on the Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH)
campus from October 1981 to March 1983. Information on the IPM component
of urban air pollution in Santiago by particle sizing sampling methods was not
previously available, nor had XRF spectrometry been applied to local IPM
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samples. A multivariate statistical analysis of the body of data comprising-
sample masses and XRF elemental intensities is presented and discussed. The
group of elements Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti and Fe shows strong statistical . correlations
in the coarse particle fraction; correlations in the fine particle fraction
include Br/Pb. Evidence for seasonal variations in the air pollution pattern is
presented. Pollution by sulfur is discussed. (Edited author abstract) 16 refs.
[COM]
02208860
Title: Limits of Soot Mass Determination from Optical
Transmission Measurements.
Title: GRENZEN DER RUSSMASSENBESTIMMUNG AUS OPTISCHEN
TRANSMISSIONSMESSUNGEN.
Author: Hardenberg, Horst; Albrecht, Hans
Source: MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift v 48 n 2 Feb 1987 p 51-54
Publication Year: 1987
CODEN:MOTZAS ISSN: 0024-8525
Language: GERMAN :
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: G; (General Review)
Journal Announcement: 8706 :
Abstract: Exhaust gas opacities established by means of optical transmission
measurements should not be converted into soot mass emission units as is often
done. Due to modification of the measuring equipment, which meanwhile has
taken place, the so-called MIRA conversion from Hartridge units into
particulate concentrations must only be applied after corresponding
corrections of the - anyway impractical - conversion tables. Based on the
statistical analysis of the measurement data, an accordingly corrected
conversion formula is established which also defines the scatter to be taken
into account with a 5% probability of error. (Edited author abstract) 14 refs. In
German. [COM]
52
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02299334
Title: ON THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT OZONE
DATA WHEN MEASUREMENTS ARE MISSING.
Author: Davison, A. C.; Hemphill, M. W.
Corporate Source: Univ of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
Source: Atmospheric Environment v 21 n 3 1987 p 629-639
Publication Year: 1987
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: A; (Applications); X; (Experimental)
Journal Announcement: 8708
Abstract: Two methods are proposed to deal with missing observations,
which frequently pose problems in the statistical analysis of ambient
ozone data. The first is based on exceedances of the data over
thresholds and provides a flexible and general class of models for
statistical analysis of air pollution data. The second uses the
measured values of related variables to impute missing observations.
They are applied to data for three sites in E Texas. (Author abstract) 17
refs. [COM]
87-06151
A random-walk model for dispersion of heavy particles in
turbulent air flow
Walklate, P.J.
Rothamsted Exp. Stn., Harpenden, Herts. AL5 2JQ, UK
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROL VOL. 39, NO. 1-2, pp. 175-190, Publ.Yr:
1987 SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
Journal Announcement: V18N5
A random-walk model is presented for calculating the dispersion of heavy
particles in a turbulent air flow when only air turbulence statistics and the
drag characteristics of the particle are known. Algebraic expressions for the
modification of air velocity variance sigma super(2) and Lagrangian
autocorrelation time-scale T sub(L), due to particle inertia effects, are
derived. These expressions introduce only a very small computational
overhead on the random-walk models for inertia-less particles of Wilson et al.
(1983). Measurements of T sub(L) and sigma by Snyder and Lumley (1971) for
four different particles are used to determine constants in the heavy-
particle model. It is shown that the agreement between the model, for a single
set of constants, and the dispersion measurements is good for the 47 mu m
hollow glass, 87 mu m glass, and 47 mu m copper particles. The predictions
53
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for the 87 mu m corn pollen particles show less satisfactory agreement by
underestimating dispersion measurements by 15% after 0.4 s. [PA]
NTIS No: PB89-151070/HDM
Title: RVD 2.0-A Relief Valve Discharge Screening Model. User's
Guide
Performing Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Report No: EPA/450/4-88/024; EPA/SW/DK-89/014A
Notes: For system on diskette, see PB89-151062.
Date: Jan 89 Pages: 58p NTIS Price Code: PC A04/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The document is the user's guide for RVD 2.0,. a personal
computer model which provides estimates of short-term ambient
concentrations for screening pollution sources which emit denser-than-
air gases through vertical releases. The code is based on empirical
equations derived from wind tunnel tests. The user's guide describes the
bases, features, applicability and limitations of the model, and provides
two example runs of the model for illustrative purposes and benchmark
testing. [NT]
89-00472
Statistical methods and sampling design for estimating step
trends in surface-water quality
Hirsch, R.M.
U.S. Geol. Surv., 410 National Center, Reston, VA 22090, USA WATER
RESOUR. BULL VOL. 24, NO. 3, pp. 493-503, Publ.Yr: 1988
SUMMARY LANGUAGE- ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
Journal Announcement: V20N1
This paper addresses two components of the problem of estimating the
magnitude of step trends in surface water quality. The first is finding a robust
estimator appropriate to the data characteristics expected in water-quality
time series. The Hodges-Lehmann class of estimators is found to be robust in
comparison to other nonparametric and moment-based estimators. A
seasonal Hodges-Lehmann estimator is developed and shown to have desirable
properties. Second, the effectiveness of various sampling strategies are
examined using Monte Carlo simulation coupled with application of this
estimator. The simulation is based on a large set of total phosphorus data from
the Potomac River. To assure that the simulated records have realistic
54
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properties, the data are modeled in a multiplicative fashion incorporating flow,
hysteresis, seasonal, and noise components.
NTIS No: PB87-198974/HDM
Title: Transport of Acidic Matter in Maryland: May-December
1984; Final rept.
Performing Organization: Martin Marietta Environmental Systems,
Columbia, MD.
Report No: PPRP/AD-87-4
Sponsoring Organization: Maryland Power Plant Research Program,
Annapolis. Notes: Portions of this document are not fully legible.;
Sponsored by Maryland Power Plant Research Program, Annapolis.
Date: 3 Mar 87 Pages: 296p NTIS Price Code: PC A13/MF A01
Language: English .
Abstract: An analysis of air mass trajectories associated with
precipitation events was conducted using the Heffter transport model and
precipitation event data from May-December 1984 at two collection sites
in Maryland's coastal plain. Heffter trajectories were computed for
events in which most or all chemical analyses were performed and in
which information on event start and stop times was -available;.; [PA]
55
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56
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Ill A. Water-General
1972062
Application of trajectory decomposition method of the water
quality control problem.
Systems analysis and simulation 1988, II (Berlin, 1988)
Berezinski, Miroslaw
Petryczek, Grazyna
1988,
Akademie-Verlag, Berlin,; 69-74,,
Series: Math. Res., 47,
Language: English
Document Type: Proceedings Paper
Subfile: CMP (Current Mathematical Publications) AMS
Type of Abstract: Review pending
[MAT]
02683322
Title: BEHAVIOR AND DESIGN OF VERTICAL MOISTURE BARRIERS.
Author: Picornell, M.; Lytton, R. L.
Corporate Source: Univ of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA Source:
Transportation Research Record n 1137 1987 p 71-81 Publication Year:
1987
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: A; (Applications)
Abstract: Seasonal wetting and drying affect pavements on expansive soils with
two main damage types: roughness development and longitudinal cracking.
The purpose of the moisture barrier is to isolate the subsoil from these
climatic changes. The predominate type of damage and the function of the
barrier are dominant type of damage and the function of the barrier are found
to depend on the initial moisture conditions of the subsoil. For desiccated
soils, the barrier must prevent the infiltration of rainfall into the shrinkage
cracks to stop the development of roughness. For wet soils, the barrier must
prevent excessive drying under the edge of the pavement. The barrier depth is
chosen base on the maximum crack depth and the shrinkage of the pavement
edge that would occur under the most severe drought intensity expected during
the lifetime of the pavement. The drought intensity is chosen based on a
57
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statistical analysis of meteorological data for the site. (Edited author
abstract). 30 Refs. [COM]
NTIS No: PB88-161773/HDM
Title: Biotic and Abiotic Deg.adation Rates of Methyl Paratnion
in Freshwater and Estuarine Water and Sediment Samples;
Journal article
Performing Organization: Gulf Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, MS.
Report No: EPA/600/J-87/192
Sponsoring Organization: Air Force Engineering and Services Center,
Tyndall AFB, FL. Directorate of Environmental Planning.; Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Notes: Pub. in Chemosphere, v16 n7 p1509-1520 1987,; Prepared in
cooperation with Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall
AFB, FL. Directorate of Environmental Planning. Sponsored by
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Date: C1987 Pages: 14p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: Statistical analysis of degradation rates of methyl parathion
samples from two Gulf Coast estuaries over a three-year period indicated
that biodegradation occurred in the presence of sediment but was
insignificant in water. Sediment rates always showed the same relative-
five-fold difference at a primary site within each estuarjne area.
Samples from 11 ancillary sites indicated biodegradation rates in
sediments can be subdivided into two groupings which were independent
of seasonal differences (excluding temperature). Spatial variations in
rates, therefore, may be of minor environmental significance for the
chemical in estuarine areas. [NT]
58
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NTIS No: PB88-210422/HDM
Title: Chlorinated Paraffins: A Report on the Findings from Two
Field Studies, Sugar Creek, Ohio, Tinkers Creek, Ohio. Volume
1. Technical Report; Final rept. 1986-87
Performing Organization: Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Report No: EPA/560/5-87/012 .
Sponsoring Organization: Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC.;
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances. Notes: See also Volume 2, PB88-210430.; Prepared in
cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
Date: Feb 88 Pages: 150p NTIS Price Code: PC A07/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The report presents the results of two field studies conducted
in 1986 by the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Toxic
Substances (EPA/OTS) under the existing chemicals program to screen
selected waterbpdies for the presence of chlorinated paraffins.
Chlorinated paraffins are saturated straight-chain hydrocarbons ranging
from 10 to 30 carbons in length and contining 20 to 70 percent chlorine
by weight. The information gained from these field studies will be
coupled with that from other environmental hazard and environmental
exposure studies and collectively contribute to an EPA risk assessment
for this chemical. The report also develops an analytical method for
chlorinated paraffins in different environmental matrices and includes a
rigorous statistical analysis of the data used to validate the method. [NT]
59
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NTIS No: PB88-210430/HDM •
Title: Chlorinated Paraffins: A Report on the Findings from Two
Field Studies, Sugar Creek, Ohio, Tinkers Creek, Ohio. Volume
2. Appendix D, The Quality Assurance Project Plan; Final
rept. 1986-87
Performing Organization: Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Report No: EPA/560/5-87/012
Sponsoring Organization: Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC.;
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, Office of Toxic
Substances. Notes: See also Volume 1, PB88-210422.; Prepared in
cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances,
Date: Feb 88 Pages: 130p NTIS Price Code: PC.A07/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The report presents the results of two field studies conducted
in 1986 by the Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Toxic
Substances (EPA/OTS) under the existing chemicals program to screen
selected waterbodies for the presence of chlorinated paraffins.
Chlorinated paraffins are saturated straight-chain hydrocarbons ranging
from 10 to 30 carbons in length and containing 20 to 70 percent chlorine
by weight. The information gained from these field studies will be
coupled with that from other environmental hazard and environmental
exposure studies and collectively contribute to an EPA risk assessment
for this chemical. The report also develops an analytical method for
chlorinated paraffins in different environmental matrices and includes a
rigorous statistical analysis of the data used to validate the method. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-220504/HDM
Title: CORMIX1: An Expert System for Mixing Zone Analysis of
Toxic and Conventional, Single Port Aquatic Discharges
Performing Organization: Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept. of
Environmental Engineering.
Report No: EPA/600/3-88/013
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Notes: Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Date: Jun 88 Pages: 367p NTIS Price Code: PC A16/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: An expert system, CORMIX1, was developed to predict the
dilution and trajectory of a single buoyant discharge into an unstratified
aquatic environment with and without crossflow. The system uses
60
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knowledge and inference rules obtained from hydrodynamic experts to
classify and predict buoyant jet mixing. CORMIX1 gathers the necessary
data, checks for data consistency, assembles and executes the appropriate
hydrodynamic simulation models, interprets the results of the simulation
in terms of the legal requirements including toxic discharge criteria, and
suggests design alternatives to improve dilution characteristics. The
results of the hydrodynamic simulation are in good to excellent
agreement with field and laboratory data. In particular, CQRMIX1
correctly predicts highly complex discharge situations involving boundary
interactions and buoyant intrusions, a result not predicted by other
currently available initial mixing models. [NT]
02671160 : . :;
Title: DETECTION LIMIT.
Author: Porter, P. Steven; Ward, Robert C.; Bell, Harry R. Corporate
Source: Everglades Research & Education Cent, Belle Glade, FL, USA
Source: Environmental Science and Technology v 22 n 8 Aug 1988 p
856-861 Publication Year: 1988 :
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: G; (General Review); T; (Theoretical); X; (Experimental)
Abstract: Water quality monitoring data are plagued with levels of
chemicals that are too low to be measured precisely. This article
focuses on the information needs of water quality management and how
these needs are best met for monitoring systems that require many
trace-level measurements. It proposes that the limit of detection (LOD) or
the limit of quantitation (LOQ) not be used to censor data. Although LOD
and LOQ aid in the interpretation of individual measurements, they
hinder statistical analysis of water quality data. More information is
gained when a numerical result and an estimate of measurement
precision are reported for every measurement, as opposed to reporting
'not detected1 or 'less than'. Subjects covered include statistical
analyses, monitoring information, and system error. 42 Refs. [COM]
61
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NTIS No: PB88-224969/HDM : V
Title: Development of an Environmental Data Base for Rivers,
Lakes, and Reservoirs; Journal article
Performing Organization: Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Report No: EPA/600/J-88/024 ; • ^
Sponsoring Organization: Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland,
WA. Notes: Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health, vA23 n2
p103-126 1988.; Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Pacific
Northwest Labs., Richland, WA. :
Date: c1988 Pages: 26p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Document Type: Journal article . •
Abstract: One method for performing exposure assessments is to use
mathematical models that predict the transport and transformations of
toxic substances in the environment. To run these models, a variety of
input data on receiving water-body properties arid water-quality
parameters that define a range of environments and influence the
chemical-specific rate coefficients must be developed. A data base that
contains selected hydrologic and water quality parameters has been
developed by EPA for 15 major U.S. river basins. .Galled the Canonical
Environments Data Base, the file brings together information developed by
public and private organizations on each reach of the rivers as well as
individual lakes and reservoirs in the basins. Coupling raw data with a
data base management system in the environmental file will facilitate
entry into and deletions from the data base and development of data input
to the Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS) and other similar
exposure assessment mathematical models. (Copyright (c) 1988 by
Marcel Dekker, Inc.) [NT] ;
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NTIS No: PB89-119580/HDM
Title: EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method Study 39,
Method 504, 1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) and 1,2-Dibromo-3-
Chloropropane (DBCP) in Water by Microextraction and Gas
Chromatography; Final rept. Jun-Dec 87
Performing Organization: Bionetics Corp., Cincinnati, OH. Report No:
EPA/600/4-88/034
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab.,
Columbus, OH.
Notes: Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Columbus,
OH. Date: Oct 88 Pages: 61 p NTIS Price Code: PC A04/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: An interlaboratory collaborative study assessed the precision
and bias (recovery) of Method 504 for the analysis of two semi-volatile
organic compounds in groundwater: 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dibromo-
3-chloropropane in water. The study design was based upon Youden's non-
replicate plan for collaborative tests of analytical methods. The data
analyses produced measures of precision and recovery for each compound
in each water type and compared the performance of the method between
water types. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-133624/HDM
Title: Expert Advisor for the QUAL2E Water Quality Model
Performing Organization: Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Report No: EPA/600/D-87/352
Sponsoring Organization: Tufts Univ., Medford, MA. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.; Kentucky Univ., Lexington.
Notes: Prepared in cooperation with Tufts Univ., Medford, MA. Dept. of
Civil Engineering, and Kentucky Univ., Lexington.
Date: Dec 87 Pages: 14p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: Computer modeling is becoming an integral part of decision
making in water pollution control. Problems increasingly involve complex
interactions among elements of the environment and large, multi-media
modeling systems must be built to understand these interactions. Expert
systems is an innovative methodology that can assist in building, using,
and interpreting the output of these models. The paper reviews the use
and evaluates the potential of expert systems technology in
environmental modeling and describes elements of an expert advisor for
the stream water quality model QUAL2E. QUAL2E has a long history of use
both in the United States and worldwide and is a proven, effective
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modeling tool for analyzing the dissolved oxygen balance in a stream or
river. Because of the widespread usage, a body of experience and
empirical knowledge about the computer program has been gained that is
ideal for .codification in an expert system. [NT]
0194166
FACTORS AFFECTING THE MEASUREMENT OF TRACE METALS IN
MARINE BIOLOGICAL TISSUE,
UTHEJ. F. ;CHOUC.L
DEPT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS, CANADA,
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENV, APR 88, V71, N1, P67(18)
RESEARCH ARTICLE STUDIES OF TRACE METALS IN MARINE BIOTA
COMPRISE A NUMBER OF LOGICAL STEPS FROM SAMPLING THROUGH
CHEMICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TO THE MOST ACCURATE ANSWER
TO THE QUESTION ORIGINALLY POSED. ERRORS OR USE OF INAPPROPRIATE
METHODS AT ANY STEP OF THE OVERALL PROCEDURE CAN SEVERELY
COMPROMISE THE RESULTS. THIS PAPER IDENTIFIES A NUMBER OF SUCH
ERRORS AND PROBLEMS AND DESCRIBES WAYS OF AVOIDING THEM. THE
IMPORTANCE OF PROPER STATISTICAL MODELING AND ANALYSIS IN
ADDRESSING MARINE CONTAMINATION PROBLEMS IS EMPHASIZED BY
REFERENCE TO A NUMBER OF EXAMPLES FROM INVESTIGATIONS IN THE
COASTAL MARINE AREA OF EASTERN CANADA. (1 DIAGRAM, 3 GRAPHS, 22
REFERENCES, 8 TABLES) [ENV]
NTIS No: PB89-143507/HDM
Title: Geostatistical Interpolation of Hydrostratigraphy at
Groundwater Contamination Sites; Technical rept. (Final)
Performing Organization: California Univ., Santa Cruz.
Sponsoring Organization: Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Water
Resources Div.
Notes: Sponsored by Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Water Resources
Div.
Date: Dec 88 Pages: 36p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The study illustrates the use of indicator geostatistics for
interpreting complex alluvial stratigraphy from qualitative borehole logs.
Locations of relatively high and low permeability regions are described by
inferring relative permeability from borehole descriptions and assigning
binary indicator values of either 1 or 0 to intervals in the borehole logs.
The resulting indicator data can then be used to compute experimental
variograms and construct three-dimensional variogram models. The
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approach is applied to a groundwater contamination site in Santa Clara
Valley, CA. Computed indicator variograms are consistent with known
stratigraphic features. They describe details in the spatial structure of
the deposits that reflect differing depositional environments. Indicator
kriging consistently weights all the available data on the basis of a
three-dimensional, anisotropic variogram model and provides an estimate
of uncertainty in the hydrostratigraphic correlation. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-144167/HDM
Title: MINTEQA1, an Equilibrium Metal Speciation Model: User's
Manual
Performing Organization: Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Report No: EPA/600/3-87/012
Sponsoring Organization: Computer Sciences Corp., Athens, GA. Notes:
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences Corp., Athens, GA.
Date: Oct 87 Pages: 103p NTIS Price Code: PC A06/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: Recent advances in technical understanding of the processes
controlling the behavior of pollutants in the environment have led to the
development of many predictive models. MINTEQA1 is a versatile,
quantitative geochemical model for predicting the equilibrium behavior of
metals in a variety of chemical environments. The complex series of
reactions among solution species, gases, solids, and sorbed phases can be
modeled relatively easily using MINTEQA1. The MINTEQA1 manual is
designed to acquaint new users with the geochemical principles and
mathematical formalisms involved in using the program. A major goal is
to minimize the effort unfamiliar users must expend in acquiring an
operational knowledge of the valuable environmental modeling tool and
thus promote its use in a variety of environmental risk assessment and
hazard evaluation scenarios. [NT]
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NTIS No: PB88-245923/HDM
Title: National Stream Survey: Phase 1 Field Operations Report
Performing Organization: Lockheed Engineering and Management
Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Report No: EPA/600/4-88/023
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Notes: See also PB88-170840.; Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring
Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Date: 1988 Pages: 48p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The National Stream Survey was conducted during the spring of
1986 as a synoptic chemical survey to characterize streams in the mid-
Atlantic and southeastern regions of the United States which were
thought to be potentially susceptible to acidic deposition. The survey
included three distinct parts: a Phase I survey of streams in the mid-
Atlantic region; a Screening survey designed to assess the need for future
Phase I studies in the United States; and an Episodes Pilot survey
designed to provide a preliminary assessment of the frequency, duration,
and characteristics of storm episodes in the mid-Atlantic states. The
report describes the survey planning, protocol development, personnel
requirements, field operations, and logistical aspects of all three
components of the National Stream Survey. Because of the large scope
and geographical area covered by the survey, sampling regions were
subdivided into four areas, each containing approximately the same
number of streams. Samples were collected, shipped at 4 degrees C, and
received within 24 hours by a central processing laboratory. Sampling
was completed on schedule, and 447 out of a total of 479 streams were
sampled. A detailed evaluation of episodes sampling is provided with
recommendations for future consideration. [NT]
66
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NTIS No: PB88-140298/HDM
Title: National Surface Water Survey, National Stream Survey.
Phase 1. Pilot Survey, Summary of Quality Assurance Data
Results
Performing Organization: Lockheed Engineering and Management
Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Report No: EPA/600/8-87/057
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Notes: See also PB87-188702.; Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring
Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Date: Dec 87 Pages: 54p NTIS Price Code: PC A04/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: A primary objective of the National Surface Water Survey and,
thus, of the National Stream Survey is to ensure that the data collected
are scientifically sound and of known quality. An extensive quality
assurance program has been established in support of the objective. To
evaluate the effectiveness of the quality assurance program, several
types of quality assurance and quality control samples were collected and
analyzed during a pilot survey that was conducted prior to the initiation
of National Stream Survey Phase I field activities. The report presents a
statistical analysis of results obtained for field duplicate samples, blank
samples, and audit samples used in the pilot survey. The results show
that even overall estimated within-batch precision was adequate to meet
the analytical data quality objectives established for the National Stream
Survey and that detection limit goals were achieved at the contract
analytical laboratories. The observed system decision limits and system
detection limits, however, must be considered in interpreting the pilot
study data and data from future surveys that employ similar sampling,
processing, and analytical methods. [NT]
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NTIS No: PB88-126438/HDM '
Title: Numerical Model for Three-Dimensional, Variable-Density
Hydrodynamic Flows: Documentation of the Computer Program
Performing Organization: Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Report No: EPA/600/3-87/042
Sponsoring Organization: Science Applications International Corp.,
Narragansett, Rl.
Notes: Sponsored by Science Applications International Corp.,
Narragansett, Rl.
Date:Nov87 Pages: 241 p NTIS Price Code: PC A11/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: As part of a research effort by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency to study the dispersion of pollutants in aquatic
systems, a numerical model has been developed that is capable of
realistically describing the hydrodynamics in lakes, embayments,
nearshore marine coastal areas, and riverine and thermal outfall plumes.
The model is time-dependent, three-dimensional, and variable density.
Both rigid-lid and free-surface flows can be determined. The main
assumptions used in the development of the model include hydrostatic
pressure variation, Boussinesq approximation, and eddy coefficients to
account for turbulence. A new solution procedure, which is a
modification of the simplified marker and cell method, is used. The
procedure permits selected terms in the equations to be treated implicitly
in time. The report provides the documentation for the computer program
for the numerical model. [NT]
NTIS No: PB89-138747/HDM
Title: SLAPMAN Model for Groundwater Pathway (for
Microcomputer); Model-Simulation
Performing Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC. Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Report No: EPA/SW/DK-89/017
Notes: The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes, double
density, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer. The diskettes are
in the ASCII format. Price includes documentation, PB89-149298.
Date: 1989 Pages: 2 diskettes NTIS Price Code: CP D99
Language: English
Abstract: SLAPMAN is a set of computer programs designed to estimate
concentrations for 19 chemicals migrating from an application area. The
chemicals are: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel,
TKN, zinc, benzene, benzo(a)pyrene, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate chlordane,
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DDT/DDE/DDD, dimethylnitrosamine, lindane, PCBs, trichloroethylene,
toxaphene. SLAPMAN calculates a 'reasonable worst case' level of human
exposure to chemicals leaching from an application area and being carried
downwind by the atmosphere. Exposure levels can then be compared to
health criteria to determine if they are likely to cause unacceptable
impacts. SLAPMAN can also be used to calculate acceptable input
concentrations given limiting concentrations at the aquifer. Software
Description: The software is written in the Fortran programming language
for implementation on IBM-PC or compatible machines using DOS 3.0 or
higher operating systems. Minimum memory is 512K. Special
features/requirements: Single floppy disk drive and a hard disk. [NT]
02622061
Title: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RARE EVENTS IN GROUNDWATER.
Author: Silver, Carl A.; Dunn, Dennis
Corporate Source: Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Source: Journal of Hazardous Materials v 18 n 1 Apr 1988 p 17-24
Publication Year: 1988
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Abstract: Statistical analysis of trace organics and other pollutants
that occur rarely in 'clean1 groundwater poses difficult problems for
conventional parametric statistical tests. The frequent occurrence of
'less than' values, values above the detection limit but below the
quantification limit, many zeros, and unidentified pollutants make the
use of statistics that require normal distribution or equal variances
impractical. A method based upon the Poisson distribution that results
in exact binomial probabilities for hypothesis testing is proposed.
This method allows comparison of up-gradient wells with down gradient
wells or preoperational data with operational data for monitoring the
performance of hazardous waste disposal sites. A numerical example,
operating characteristic curves, and calculating algorithms are provided.
(Author abstract) 5 refs. [COM]
69
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02205057
Title: STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUND-WATER
QUALITY VARIABLES.
Author: Montgomery, Robert H.; Loftis, Jim C.; Harris, Jane
Corporate Source: Woodward-Cylde Consultants, Denver, CO, USA
Source: Ground Water v 25 n 2 Mar-Apr 1987 p 176-184
Publication Year: 1987
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article) Treatment: G; (General Review)
Abstract: A synthesis of current literature and a statistical analysis of
existing ground-water quality data were conducted. Specifically, the
purpose of the study was to determine whether ground-water quality
variables: (1) are normally distributed, (2) exhibit seasonal patterns, and
(3) are correlated in time. The results of the investigation suggest that
many ground-water quality variables: are not normally distributed, but
have skewed right distributions; can exhibit seasonal fluctuations of
various shapes and magnitudes, especially in shallow or highly permeable
aquifers; and can exhibit significant serial correlation when samples are
collected quarterly. (Edited author abstract) 17 refs. [COM]
NTIS No: PB88-235130/HDM
Title: Statistical Model of Environmental Contaminants Using
Variance Spectrum Analysis; Final rept.
Performing Organization: Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Dept of
Environmental Engineering and Science.
Report No: NSF/ENG-87053
Sponsoring Organization: National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Directorate for Engineering.
Notes: Sponsored by National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Directorate for Engineering.
Date: Aug 87 Pages: 195p NTIS Price Code: PC A09/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The purpose of the project is to develop techniques for
predicting statistical properties of the concentrations of potentially
toxic chemicals in aquatic organisms, such as fish. The statistical
properties include mean, variance, coefficient of varia^on,
autocorrelation and variance spectrum functions. The research direction
is prompted by the need to relate the variability of the effluent
concentration of chemicals to the variability in the water column and
then, in turn, to the variability in a target aquatic organism. [NT]
70
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1911809
Strategies for large-scale, distributed hydrologic simulation.
Band, Lawrence E. (Department of Mathematics, Hunter College, CUNY,
New York, 10021, New York)
Wood, Eric F. (Department of Civil Engineering, Princeton University,
Princeton, 08540, New Jersey)
Corporate Source Codes: 1-CUNYH; 1-PRIN-C
Applied Mathematics and Computation, 1988, 27, no. 1, 23-37.
Language: English
Document Type: Journal
Subfile: CMP (Current Mathematical Publications) AMS
Typfc of Abstract: No review planned
89-00475
A tau-like test for trend in the presence of multiple censoring
points
Hughes, J.P.; Millard, S.P.
Dep. Biostat., Univ: Washington GG-t9, Seattle, WA 98195, USA WATER
, RESOUR. BULL VOL. 24, NO. 3, pp. 521-531, Publ.Yr: 1988 SUMMARY
LANGUAGE- ENGLISH ;
Languages: ENGLISH /
A common problem arises in testing for trends in water quality when
observations are reported as "less than detection limit." If a single detection
limit is used for the entire study, existing nonparametric statistical
methods, modified for ties, are applicable. If, however, the detection limit
varies during the course of the study, resulting in multiple detection
limits, then the commonly used trend detection methods are not appropriate. A
statistic similar to Kendall's tau, but based on expected ranks, is proposed.
Monte Carlo simulations show that the normal approximation to the distribution
of this statistic is quite good, even for small samples and a large proportion of
censored observations. [PA]
71
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NTIS No: PB87-170825/HDM
Title: USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study, Method 510.1: The Determination of the Maximum Total
Trihalomethane Potential
Performing Organization: Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-
Cincinnati, OH. Quality Assurance Branch.
Report No: EPA/600/4-86/040
Date: Mar 87 Pages: 56p NTIS Price Code: PC A04/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: A method validation study of the Method, 510.1: The
.Determination of Maximum Total Trihalomethane Potential'. The MTP
determination maximizes the formation of TTHM concentration could
become under conditions favoring TTHM formation. It may be used by
systems employing ground water sources to demonstrate the
appropriateness of a reduced monitoring requirement. The method
involves the reaction of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid with a chlorine
residual for a 7-day period. When a chlorine residual is maintained
continually, the dihydroxy-benzoic acid is converted to chloroform. If
other halogens present in the make-up water, other trihalomethanes are
formed in the determination of trihalomethanes by either the purge and
trap or liquid-liquid extraction procedure. The study design was based on
Youden's non-replicate plan for collaborative testing by laboratories
familiar with the method, [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-185095/HDM
Title: WASP4, A Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model - Model
Theory, User's Manual, and Programmer's Guide
Performing Organization: Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Report No: EPA/600/3-87/039
Sponsoring Organization: Computer Sciences Corp., Athens, GA.;
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY.; Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Walnut
Creek, CA. Notes: See also PB87-110995.; Prepared in cooperation
with Computer Sciences Corp., Athens, GA., Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY.,
and Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Walnut Creek, CA.
Date: Jan 88 Pages: 317p NTIS Price Code: PC A14/MFA01
Language: English
Abstract: The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program Version 4
(WASP4) is a dynamic compartment modeling system that can be used to
analyze a variety of water quality problems in a diverse set of water
bodies. WASP4 simulates the transport and transformation of
conventional and toxic pollutants in the water, column and benthos of
72 .
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ponds, streams, lakes, reservoirs, rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters.
The WASP4 modeling system covers four major subjects-hydrodynamics,
conservative mass transport, eutrophication-dissolved oxygen kinetics,
and toxic chemical-sediment dynamics. The WASP4 modeling system
consists of two stand-alone computer programs, DYNHYD4 and WASP4,
that can be run in conjunction or separately. The hydrodynamic program,
DYNHYD4, simulates the movement of water and the water quality
program, WASP4, simulates the movement and interaction of pollutants
within the water. The latter program is supplied with two kinetic sub-
models to simulate two of the major classes of water quality problems--
conventional pollution (dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand,
nutrients, and eutrophication) and toxic pollution (organic chemicals,
heavy metals, and sediment). The substitution of either sub-model
constitutes the models EUTRO4 and TOXI4, respectively. [NT]
73
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74
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Ill B. Water Sources/Abatement
WATER B 1 -Industrial Pollution
86-05352
Decomposition of potato processing wastes in soil
Smith, J.H. ••;..,-
Snake River Conserv. Res. Cent,, USDA, Agric. Res. Sen/:, Kimberly, ID
83341, USA
J. ENVIRON. QUAL VOL. 15, NO. 1, pp. 13-16, Publ.Yr: 1986
SUMMARY LANGUAGE- ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH :
Solid filtered or centrifuged potato processing wastes were obtained from
three potato processors in Idaho. The waste samples were dried and
ground to pass a 2-mm sieve and added to soils at rates of 0,2.5, 10,
and 25 g/kg. The 100-g samples of Portneuf silt loam soil containing the
waste material was incubated at. 26 degree C and decomposition of the
added wastes was determined by measuring CO sub(2) evolution in a
flowing air stream passing over the soil in the incubation flask. Each
increment of added organic waste material increased the amount of J
carbon evolved during the 12-week incubation. The waste materials
contained 6.8, 20.4, or 65.5 g N/kg waste. However, these differences in
N did not change the amount of CO sub(2) evolved at the 12-week
incubation, although the evolution curves were shaped somewhat
differently during the 12 weeks. Regression analyses of the cumulative
carbon resulted in highly significant R super(2) values being obtained for
each potato processing waste material. Decomposition of the solid waste
materials ranged from 24 to 92% depending upon the source and
application rate. The rapid decomposition of the solid wastes verified
field research indicating that potato wastes have not more than 1 yr
residual fertilizer value. The organic waste is not likely to accumulate in
the field, [PA]
75
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89-05937
Estimating the impacts of LPG spills during transportation
accidents
Van Aerde, M.; Stewart, A.; Saccomanno, F.; Venart, J.E.S. (ed.) Dep. Civ.
Eng., Queen's Univ., Kingston, Ont K7L-3N6, Canada
International Conference of Major Hazards in the Transport and Storage
of Pressure Liquified Gases Fredericton (Canada) 10-13 Aug 1987
J. HAZARDOUS MATER VOL 20, NO. 1-3, pp. 375-392, Publ.Yr: 1988
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
Transportation accidents involving releases of liquefied petroleum gases
can cause substantial damage to the population and property adjacent to
an accident scene. While some researchers have analyzed specific
aspects of L.P.G. release in detail, to date no single self-contained
model could estimate all significant impacts of transporation-related
releases at once. In response to this need, this paper describes a model
which was designed to perform such an assessment. Both interactive and
batch versions of the LPG-1 model have been implemented, which can be
applied either in isolation or as modules within a larger risk assessment
model. [PA] w
02295398 : '
Title: Factors Influencing Residual Cadmium Concentration in
Wastewater.
Title: FAKTORY OVPLYVNUJUCE ZBYTKOVU KONCENTRACIU
KADMIA V ODPADOVYCH VODACH.
Author: Vojtas, Bohumil; Sramko, Tibor
Corporate Source: SEZ Kp, Czech
Source: Chemicky Prumysl v 37 n 2 Feb 1987 p 98-101
Publication Year: 1987
CODEN:CHPUA4 ISSN: 0009-2789
Language: SLOVAK
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Abstract: The most important factors that influence concentration of
cadmium in wastewater from surface treatment of metals have been studied.
The dependence of cadmium concentration on the initial concentration of iron
and alkaline metals was proved by a statistical analysis of experimental
data. On the other hand, the initial cadmium concentration as well as the pH
proved to be statistically insignificant. (Edited author abstract) 21 refs. In
Slovak. [COM]
76
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89-04465
Performance of oil industry cross-country pipelines in
western Europe: Statistical summary of reported spillages -
1987
Rudolph, E.K.; Bianchini, M.; Gilla, G.; Beuillard, C.; Lyons, D. CONCAWE,
Oil Pipelines Manage. Group, The Hague, Netherlands Publ.Yr: 1988
CONCAWE, THE HAGUE (NETHERLANDS)
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH; Rep. No. 8/88.
Languages: ENGLISH
This report is the latest in a series of annual reports issued by CONCAWE
reviewing the performance of oil industry cross-country pipelines in
Western Europe. It includes details of the pipeline network to which it
refers, and analyses reported spillage incidents by cause and
effectiveness of clean-up. Causes are categorized as: mechanical
failure, operational error, corrosion, natural hazard and third party
activity. The report concludes with a five-year comparison and trend
analysis of reported spillages. |t. contains an overall map of the Western
European oil industry cross-country pipeline system and more
detailed maps of the pipe line-networks of the Le Havre-Paris, Golfe
de Fos, Rotterdam-Europoort and Northern Italy areas. [PA]
0192927
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
MONITORING DATA,
LOFTIS J. C. ; PORTER P. S.; SETTEMBRE G.
COLORADO STATE UNIV,
WPCF J, MAR 87, V59, N3, P145(7)
JOURNAL ARTICLE SUPERVISORY CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
TREATMENT IS FREQUENTLY SUPPORTED BY PERIODIC COLLECTION AND
ANALYSIS OF GRAB AND COMPOSITE SAMPLES TAKEN FROM SEVERAL
POINTS IN THE TREATMENT PROCESS. BY VIEWING THE MONITORING
PROGRAM AS A TOTAL SYSTEM, INCLUDING DATA COLLECTION,
DATABASE MANAGEMENT, AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, A SMGXDTH FLOW OF
INFORMATION TO USERS CAN BE EFFECTED/THE SURFACE WATER
MONITORING PROGRAM AT THE EAST FISHKILL, NY, FACILITY OF IBM CORP.
WAS REDESIGNED USING THE TOTAL SYSTEM CONCEPT. HISTORICAL DATA
WERE ANALYZED TO ASSESS NORMALITY AND PREDICTABLE CYCLES.
STATISTICAL PROCEDURES FOR ROUTINE DATA ANALYSIS WERE THEN
SPECIFIED BASED ON CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VARIABLES MONITORED
AND ON INFORMATION NEEDS OF MANAGERS. A COMPUTERIZED DATA
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. WAS IMPLEMENTED FOR DATA STORAGE AND
77
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RETRIEVAL, STATISTICAL AND GRAPHIC ANALYSIS, AND REPORT
GENERATION. (1 DIAGRAM, 6 GRAPHS, 19 REFERENCES, 1 TABLE) [ENV]
89-05960
Thermodynamic and calculations with special reference to
the aqueous aluminum system
Oehman, L.-O.; Sjoeberg, S.; Kramer, J.R.; Allen, H.E. (eds.) Dep. Inorg.
Chem., Univ. Umea, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden
Metal Speciation: Theory, Analysis and Application Jekyll Island, GA
(USA) 20-22 May 1987
CONFERENCE ON METAL SPECIATION: THEORY, ANALYSIS AND
APPLICATION pp. 1-40, Publ.Yr: 1988
LEWIS PUBLISHERS, INC,, CHELSEA, Ml (USA)
Languages: ENGLISH ' .
Journal Announcement: V20N4
. [PA]/ : ••••" ; ... v ' ,
NTIS No: PB89-134647/HDM
Title: Waste Allocation Simulation Models: A State-of-the-Art
Review (Journal Version)
Performing Organization: Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Report No: EPA/600/J-88/209
Sponsoring Organization: Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY.; Iowa Univ., Iowa
City: ' • . .• /;":'; : . . , .: \ ' • •
Notes: Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v60 n9 p1646-
1655 Sep 88.; Presented at the Annual Conference of the Water
Pollution Control Federation (59th), Los Angeles, CA. Prepared in
cooperation with Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY., and Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
Date: C1988 Pages: 13p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The waste load allocation process for toxic chemicals requires a
different approach than that used for conventional pollutants. Present
waste load allocations for toxicants generally rely on simple dilution
calculations for low stream flow conditions. The paper examines the new
water quality criteria for toxicants and the modeling strategies used to
implement the criteria. The new criteria specify an acute threshold
concentration and a chronic-no-eff~ct concentration for each toxicant as
well as tolerable durations and frequencies of exposure at or above the
two concentrations. Methods for using steady-state and dynamic models
to derive waste load allocations based on the new criteria are reviewed.
Physical/chemical, and biological processes affecting toxicants in the
mixing zone .and far-field regimes of streams are summarized. [NT]
.78
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WATER B 2 Sewer/Stormwater Overflow
02333767
Title: DESIGN OF STORMWATER DETENTION BASINS FOR
MULTIPLE DESIGN FREQUENCIES.
Author: Ormsbee, Lindell E.; Delleur, J. W.; Houck, M. H. Corporate
Source: Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
Source: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering v 113 n 5 May 1987 p 601-614
Publication Year: 1987
Language: ENGLISH
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: A; (Applications); N; (Numeric/Statistical)
Abstract: A general planning methodology has been developed for use in
the planning of dual-purpose detention basins. The methodology
employs continuous simulation, statistical analysis, and a general design
heuristic to obtain an integrated system of detention basins. Both water
quantity and water quality constraints may be considered. The
methodology developed is used to examine two potential strategies for
the design of stormwater management facilities for multiple design
frequencies. These two strategies are applied to a synthetic watershed
constructed from average geomorphic parameters for the state of Indiana.
(Author abstract) 14 refs. [COM]
0199556
SIMULATION OF THE EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON BASIN
STREAMFLOW,
NG H. Y. AND ; MARSALEK J. NATL WATER RESEARCH INST, ONTARIO,
WATER RESOURCES B, FEB 89, V25, N1, P117(8)
RESEARCH ARTICLE STREAMFLOW IN NEWFOUNDLAND'S WATERFORD RIVER
BASIN WAS MODELED AS PART OF A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF
URBANIZATION ON THE BASIN'S WATER RESOURCES. USING THE HSPF MODEL
AND A DETAILED DATABASE, A CONTINUOUS SIMULATION MODEL WAS
CALIBRATED FOR EXISTING CONDITIONS AND APPLIED TO FUTURE
SCENARIOS. BECAUSE OF CLIMATE AND GEOLOGY, A RELATIVELY HIGH
PROPORTION OF PRECIPITATION IS NOW CONVERTED TO STREAMFLOW.
ALTHOUGH FUTURE URBAN DEVELOPMENT WOULD NOT RESULT IN INCREASED
ANNUAL STREAMFLOW, IT WOULD CONTRIBUTE TO INCREASES IN PEAK
FLOWS AND FLOODING BECAUSE OF MORE RAPID RUNOFF. A DOUBLING OF
THE SIZE OF THE IMPERVIOUS AREA WOULD INCREASE PEAK FLOWS BY
ABOUT 20%. (2 GRAPHS, 1 MAP, 11 REFERENCES, 4 TABLES) [ENV]
79
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80
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WATER B 3 SEWAGE/WASTE
j .•
89-02036
A new measure of interdependence among several pollutants
Schaeffer, D.J.
J. WATER POLLUT. CONTROL FED VOL 60, NO. 7, pp. 1271-1274,
Publ.Yr: 1988
SUMMARY LANGUAGE- ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
A correlation measure tests interdependence among more than two features for
observations expressible as binary (0 or 1) values. This measure is illustrated
using data from a domestic sewage treatment plant. Pain/vise correlations
were determined for violations of influent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),
suspended solids (SS), and average flow design limits. BOD and SS violations
were positively correlated with each other and negatively correlated with flow
violations. Similar results were obtained for effluent violations. Three-way
correlations for both influent and effluent were significant and negative,
suggesting that flow was a common causative factor for the noncompliance
events in this plant. [PA]
02715278 ' f .,-.'" V ,\ ;
Title: Septic system maintenance management.
Author: Noss, Richard R.; Billa, Michael !:
Corporate Source: Bennett & Williams Ltd, Columbus, OH, USA Source:
Journal of Urban Planning and Development v 114 n 2 Dec 1988 p 73-
/ 90 • •'.. : •' •'• . . • • - .;
Publication Year: 1988
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: E; (Economic/Cost Data/Market Survey); G; (General
Review); M; (Management Aspects)
Abstract: Traditionally, the maintenance of on-lot wastewater disposal
systems has been the responsibility of the homeowner. This paper examines
the potential for management of on-lot systems by a municipal or regional
management agency. Such management, because more frequent inspection and
pumping of on-lot systems would occur, promises reduced ground and surface
water pollution and reduced potential for public health hazard. It can reduce
the costs of inspections and pumping on a per system basis due to possible
economics of scale and management efficiencies. This paper also estimates
the annual fee required to support municipal septic management, with and
without the assumption by the municipal agency of all repair, replacement,
81
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and rehabilitation costs for the systems under its management. These latter
costs are estimated by combining a statistical analysis of failures and
repairs over the past 36 years in Amherst, Massachusetts, and the reported
costs for typical repair and replacement actions. (Edited author abstract) 27
Refs. [COM]
82
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WATER B 4 Sludge
87-00623
Utilization of hot iron desulfurization slag for wastewater
treatment
Ganczarczyk, J.J.
. Dep. Civ. Eng., Univ. Toronto, Toronto, Ont. M5S 1A4, Canada
Eastern Region Conference of the Canadian Association on Water
Pollution Research and Control Montreal (Canada) 21 Nov 1985
EASTERN REGION CONFERENCE OF THE CANADIAN ASSOCIATION ON
WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH AND CONTROL p. 8a, Publ.Yr:1986
CANADIAN ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH AND
, C'QNTROL, MONTREAL (CANADA)
:S(JMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
Integrated steel mills generate a solid waste product, hot iron
desulfurization slag, called also dekish station slag, which can be used for
treatment of wastewater. Desulfurization slag is formed by application of
calcium carbide to hot metal for the purpose of sulfur removal from
original concentrations in the range of 0.04% to acceptable concentration
of 0*01%. The resulting slag contains excess of calcium carbide, some
calcium oxide and sulfide, and iron oxides. The elemental composition of
desulfurization slag is distinctly different from other metallurgical
slags. Typically it contains 45-48% of iron, 10-15% of calcium and 1.5-
1;.6% of sulfur. The treatment effects of the desulfurization slag are
based on a release of sulfide and hydroxide ions on its contact with
water, and on sorption qualities of the iron oxide. A high concentration of
iron in this slag indicates a possibility of its recycle to the blast
furnace after sintering. Only a high sulfur contents in this material
may affect adversely the attractiveness of the slag reuse. However,
the same utilization of the slag may be considered also after its use for
wastewater treatment. The wastewater treatment sludge can be
dewatered, dried, sintered, and directed to the blast furnace. The
recycled material will contain much less sulfur than the original slag.
[PA]
83
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84
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WATER B 5 Nonpoint Sources
NTIS No: PB88-190640/HDM
Title: Assessment of the Role of Bottomland Hardwoods in
Sediment and Erosion Control
Performing Organization: National Ecology Research Center, Fort
Collins, Co.
Report No: NERC-88/11
Sponsoring Organization: Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of
Civil Engineering.; Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA.
Region IV. Notes: Prepared in cooperation with Colorado State Univ.,
Fort Collins. Dept. of Civil Engineering. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region IV.
Date: Feb 88 Pages: 126p NTIS Price Code: PC A07/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: Drainage and clearing of bottomland hardwoods have long been
recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) as important impacts of Federal water
projects in the lower Mississippi River Valley. Three phases of the
project were identified: (1) to collect existing literature and data; (2) to
select, develop, and test the utility of methods to quantify the
relationships between land use, cover types, soils, hydrology, and water
quality (as represented by sediment); and (3) to apply selected
methodologies to several sites within the Yazoo Basin of Mississippi.
Methods developed focused on linking a simulation of water and sediment
movement to a computerized geographic information system. The authors
had several objectives for the resulting model. The authors desired that
it should estimate the importance of bottomland hardwoods as a cover
type that performs the functions of erosion and sediment control. [NT]
85
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NTIS No: PB87-219283/HDM V
Title: Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado: A Historical Review of It's
Limnology, 1965-1985
Performing Organization: Bio-Environs, Gunnison, GO.
Report No: REC-ERC-87-3 J
Sponsoring Organization: Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO.
Engineering and Research Center. ;
Notes: Sponsored by Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO. Engineering and
Research Center.
Date: Jun 87 Pages: 67p NTIS Price Code: PC A04/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: Twenty years of biological, chemical, and physical data from
Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado, were analyzed to elucidate the process of
impoundment maturation in Bureau of Reclamation reservoirs. Blue Mesa
Reservoir was chosen for two reasons: (1) the impoundment is 20 years
old, and should have attained trophic equilibrium; and (2) there is a
relatively large amount of data with which to assess the impoundment's
biological, chemical, and physical structure and function over time. The
data were analyzed for historical trends. Evidence of such trends was
interpreted and used to assess present reservoir trophy, to predict future
reservoir trends, and to indicate future management possibilities. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-120605/HDM
Title: Direct/Delayed Response Project: Field Operations and
Quality Assurance Report for Soil Sampling and Preparation
in the Northeastern United States. Volume 2. Preparation
Performing Organization: Lockheed Engineering and Management
Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Report No: EPA/600/4-87/030B
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Notes: See also Volume 1, PB88-120597.;
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Date: Sep 87 Pages: 152p NTIS Price Code: PC A08/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The D:rect/Delayed Response Project Soil Survey includes the
mapping, characterization, sampling, preparation, and analysis of soils in
order to assess watershed response to acidic deposition within various
regions of the United States. Soil samples collected by sampling crews in
the Northeastern region were processed at preparation laboratories before
being sent for analysis at analytical laboratories. Volumes I and II
86
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summarize the procedural and operational compliance with protocols used
by the sampling crews and by the preparation laboratories, respectively.
Deviations from protocols and difficulties encountered are identified and
discussed. [NT]
02596542
Title: DRAIN WATER QUALITY FROM ARID IRRIGATED LANDS.
Author: Ayars, J. E.; Patton, S. H.; Schoneman, R. A.
Corporate Source: USDA, Fresno, CA, USA
Conference Title: Drainage Design and Management, Proceedings of
the Fifth National Drainage Symposium.
Conference Location: Chicago, IL, USA Conference Date: 1987 Dec 14-
15 Sponsor: ASAE, St. Joseph, Ml, USA; American Soc of Agronomy,
Madison, Wl, USA; ASCE, New York, NY, USA; Corrugated Plastic
Tubing Assoc; Crop Science Soc of America, Madison, Wl, USA; et'al
E.I. Conference No.: 11232
Source: ASAE Publication 07-87. Publ by ASAE, St. Joseph, Ml, USA p
220-230
Publication Year: 1987
Language: English
Document Type: PA; (Conference Paper)
Abstract: Soil profile and drain water quality parameters are presented for a
50 ha research site located on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley.
Statistical analysis of the soils data indicated differences by depth and
location within the field. The data indicate that the top . 9 m of the profile is
statistically different from the remainder of the profile throughout the field.
Water quality parameters for drain flows taken through the field reflect
the distribution of salinity in the field. 9 refs. [COM]
87
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1091667
Dynamics of a lake ecosystem.
Biomathematics and related computational problems (Naples, 1987)
Ardito, A. (Istituto Matematico G. Castelnuovo", Universita di Roma
La Sapienza" , 00100 Rome, Italy)
De Gregorio, S. (Istituto Matematico G. Castelnuovo", Universita di
Roma La Sapienza" , 00100 Rome, Italy)
Lamberti, L. (Istituto Matematico G. Castelnuovo", Universita di Roma
La Sapienza" , 00100 Rome, Italy)
Ricciardi, P. (Istituto Matematico G. Castelnuovo", Universita di Roma
La Sapienza" , 00100 Rome, Italy)
Corporate Source Codes: I-ROME; I-ROME; I-ROME; I-ROME
1988,
Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht,; 111-119,,
Language: English
Document Type: Proceedings Paper
Subfile: MR (Mathematical Reviews) AMS
Abstract Length: SHORT (6 lines)
Summary: We study the dynamical behaviour of a lake ecosystem considering a
three-components model consisting of animals, food and pollution. We examine
the role of pollution in two different schemes considering the conditions
leading to ecological disaster. In standard situations the system reduces to a
two-component animal-food system. Stationary and periodic solutions of this
system are globally attracting." For the entire collection see MR 89f:92002.
Reviewer: Summary
Type of Abstract: Abstract
Proceedings Reference: 89f#92002; 974 346 [MAT]
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NTIS No: PB88-190756/HDM
Title: National Surface Water Survey, Western Lake Survey
(Phase 1 - Synoptic Chemistry) Quality Assurance Report
Performing Organization: Lockheed Engineering and Management
Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Report No: EPA/600/4-87/037
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Notes: See also PB87-234928.; Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring
Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
, Date:Nov87 Pages: 312p NTIS Price Code: PC A14/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The quality assurance program for the Western Lake Survey -
Phase I was designed to ensure that the data collected were of known and
acceptable quality. The quality assurance program was based on similar
activities conducted for the Eastern Lake Survey; -Phase I and included
the following major elements: Selection of analytical laboratories,
training of field sampling and field laboratory crews, on-site evaluation
of field operations and analytical laboratories, daily communications
with survey participants, and verification and evaluation of data
collected. Quality assurance and quality control samples were used to
identify, qualify, and quantify sources of sampling and analytical
variability in terms of precision, accuracy, bias, and detectability. The
relative importance of these sources of variation was assessed
statistically. [NT]
1.954991
Optimal policies in a bioeconomic model of eutrophication.
Mosetti, Renzo
Applied Mathematics and Computation, 1988, 26, no. 3, part II,
257-265. ISSN: 0096-3003 CODEN: AMHCBQ
Language: English
Document Type: Journal
Subfile: MR (Mathematical Reviews) AMS
Abstract Length: SHORT (5 lines)
Summary: We obtain optimal policies for the control of nutrients in a basin
subjected to eutrophication. The aim is to minimize the costs of the nutrients'
removal plus the costs of the environmental damage due to poor water quality.
The optimal solutions, in terms of phytoplankton biomass, are shown to be
most rapid approach paths to a constant value." [MAT]
89
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1911810 •
A spatial simulation model of land use changes in a piedmont
county in Georgia.
Turner, Monica Goigel (Department of Mathematics, University of
Georgia, Athens, 30602, Georgia)
Corporate Source Codes: 1-GA
Applied Mathematics and Computation, 1988, 27, no. 1, 39-51.
Language: English
Document Type: Journal
Subfile: CMP (Current Mathematical Publications) AMS
Type of Abstract: No review planned
[MAT]
02768102
Title: Spreadsheet watershed modeling for nonpoint-source
pollution management in a Wisconsin Basin.
Author: Walker, John F.; Pickard, Susan A.; Sonzogni, William C.
Corporate Source: US Geological Survey, Madison, Wl, USA
Source: Water Resources Bulletin v 25 n 1 Feb 1989 p 139-147 :
Publication Year: 1989
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: A; (Applications); T; (Theoretical)
Abstract: A straightforward pollutant input accounting approach is
presented in the form of an existing model (WATERSHED) that has
been adapted to run on modern electronic spreadsheets. As an
application, WATERSHED is used to assess options to improve the
quality of highly eutrophic Delavan Lake in Wisconsin. WATERSHED is
flexible in that several techniques, such as the Universal Soil Loss
Equation or unit-area loadings, can be used to estimate nonpoint-source
inputs. Once the model parameters are determined (and calibrated, if
possible), the spreadsheet features can be used to conduct a sensitivity
analysis of management options. In the case of Delavan Lake, it was
concluded that, although some nonpoint controls were cost-effective,
the overall reduction in phosphorus would be insufficient to measurably
improve water quality. (Edited author abstract) 12 Refs. [COM]
90
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1950982 CMP 967 303
Stochastic optimization models for lake eutrophication
management.
Somlyody, Laszlo
Wets, Roger J.-B. (Department of Mathematics, International Institute
for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria)
Corporate Source Codes: A-IASA
Operations Research. The Journal of the Operations Research Society of
America, 1988, 36, no. 5, 660--681. CODEN: OPREAI
Language: English
Document Type: Journal
Subfile: CMP (Current Mathematical Publications) AMS
Type of Abstract: No review planned
[MAT]
NTIS No: PB88-200753/HDM
Title: Western Lake Survey Phase 1. Data Base
Performing Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC. Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring, and Quality
Assurance.
Report No: EPA/600/4-87/027
Sponsoring Organization: Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.; Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co., Inc., Las
Vegas, NV.; Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.; Department of
Energy, Washington, DC.
Notes: See also PB88-146824.; Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., Lockheed Engineering and
Management Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV., and Radian Corp.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Department of Energy,
Washington, DC.
Date: Sep 87 Pages: 122p NTIS Price Code: PC A06/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The National Surface Water Survey (NSWS) was initiated by EPA
when it became apparent that existing data could not be used
quantitatively to assess the present chemical and biological status of
surface waters in the United States. Phase I of the NSWS is designed to
provide a geographically extensive data base of sufficient quality to
estimate with known confidence the number of acidic and potentially
sensitive lakes (lakes with low acid-neutralizing capacity or ANC),
identify their location, and describe their present chemical status from a
broad-scale, regional perspective. Phase I was conducted in the fall of
1985 in five high elevation areas"in the western United States. [NT]
91
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92
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Ill C. Water-Impact
NTIS No: PB88-200811/HDM
Title: Causes of Wetland Loss in the Coastal Central Gulf of
Mexico. Volume 2. Technical Narrative; Final rept.
Performing Organization: Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for
Wetland Resources.
Report No: MMS/GM-87/0120; OCS/MMS-87/0120
Sponsoring Organization: Minerals Management Service, New Orleans,
LA. Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office.
Notes: See also Volume 1, PB88-200803 and Volume 3, PB88-200829.;
Sponsored by Minerals Management Service, New Orleans, LA. Gulf of
Mexico OCS Regional Office.; Also available in set of 3 reports PCE99,
PB88-200795.
Date: Jan 88 Pages: 414p NTIS Price Code: PC A18/MF AOT
Language: English
Abstract: In 1985, the Minerals Management Service initiated an
investigation to study the causes of wetland loss in the coastal Gulf of
Mexico as part of its' outer continental shelf environmental studies
program. The purpose of the two-year study was to investigate the
factors that contribute to wetland loss and to determine specifically
what percentage of the loss is directly and indirectly related to Federal
offshore oil and gas development. The primary goal of the Coastal Effects
Program is to delineate the onshore impacts of offshore oil and gas
development activities. Volume II provides an introduction to the study,
direct impacts of OCS activities, saltwater intrusion, subsidence and
sedimentation, and landscape patterns and aerial imagery. [NT]
93
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02267146
Title: EFFECT OF EROSION UPON COASTAL PROPERTY VALUES.
Author: Terich, Thomas A.; Gabriel, Anthony D.
Corporate Source: Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA, USA
Conference Title: Coastal Zone '87, Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium
on Coastal and Ocean Management.
Conference Location: Seattle, WA, USA Conference Date: 1987 May 26-
29
Sponsor: American Fishing Tackle Manufacturers Assoc, Arlington
Heights, IL, USA; API, Washington, DC, USA; American Shore & Beach
Preservation Assoc, Berkeley, CA, USA; American Soc for Environmental
Education, Durham, NH, USA; ASCE, New York, NY, USA; etal
E.I. Conference No.: 09992
Source: v 2. Publ by ASCE, New York, NY, USA p 2391-2401 Publication
Year: 1987
ISBN: 0-87262-602-4
Language: English
Document Type: PA; (Conference Paper)
Abstract: The effect of long-term severe erosion upon coastal property values
is tested at a site along the Pacific Coast of Washington State. Statistical
analysis of mean sales values suggests the erosion has had little impact on
land values. This conclusion must remain tenuous because of the nature of the
site. The problems and issues of studying the economic impacts of coastal
erosion are presented. (Author abstract) 8 refs. [COM]
EFFECT OF SANITARY LANDFILLS ON SURFACE AND GROUND
WATER QUALITY: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
BORDEN ROBERT C. AND; YANOSCHAK THOMAS M. NORTH CAROLINA
STATE UNIV,
AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSN COASTAL WATER RESOURCES SYM,
WILMINGTON, NC, MAY 88, P511 (8)
CONF PAPER SURFACE AND GROUND WATER QUALITY MONITORING DATA
FROM 71 SANITARY LANDFILLS IN NORTH CAROLINA WERE ANALYZED TO
DETERMINE THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF CONTAMINATION PROBLEMS.
SIGNIFICANT INCREASES WERE DETECTED IN THE AVERAGE POLLUTANT
CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUNDWATER AND DOWNSTREAM SURFACE WATER
SAMPLES WHEN COMPARED WITH UPSTREAM SURFACE WATER SAMPLES. THE
LARGEST PERCENTAGE INCREASES WERE NOTED FOR ZINC, TURBIDITY,
TOC, CONDUCTIVITY, TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS, AND LEAD. VIOLATIONS
OF STATE GROUNDWATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR HEAVY METALS AND
94
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HAZARDOUS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WERE OBSERVED AT 53% OF THE
LANDFILLS WITH ADEQUATE DATA. (1 MAP, 7 REFERENCES, 4 TABLES)
[ENV]
89-02187
Environmental statistics reveal increase in nitrate levels
Anon.
WATER WASTE TREAT VOL. 31, NO. 4, p. 6, Publ.Yr: 1988
Languages: ENGLISH
Journal Announcement: V20N2
The quantity of heavy metals in dumped sewage sludge has generally
decreased over the past decade, but an upward trend in nitrate levels has been
recorded in some rivers, with the largest increases found in areas with
intense farming. [PA]
NTIS No: PB89-161830/HDM
Title: Fish Communities in Lakes in Subregion 2B (Upper
Peninsula of Michigan) in Relation to Lake Acidity. Volume 1
Performing Organization: Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR. Report
No: EPA/600/3-89/021 A
Sponsoring Organization: Kilkelly Environmental Associates, Inc.,
Raleigh, NC.; Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.; Lockheed Engineering
and Sciences Co., Washington, DC.; Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR. Notes: See also Volume 2, PB89-161848.; Sponsored in part
by Contract EPA-68-03-3439 and Grant EPA-R-814030. Prepared in
cooperation with Kilkelly Environmental Associates, Inc., Raleigh, NC.,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, and Lockheed Engineering and
Sciences Co., Washington, DC. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
Date: Mar 89 Pages: 132p NTIS Price Code: PC A07/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: Surveys of fish community status were conducted in summer
1987 in 49 lakes in Subregion 2B, the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, as part
of Phase II of the Eastern Lake Survey. Lake selection involved a variable
probability sampling design. Fish communities were surveyed using gill
nets, trap nets, beach seines, and angling. Duplicate surveys were
conducted for 10 of the 49 lakes as part of the quality assurance/quality
control protocol. Fish were collected in 47 of the 49 lakes surveyed.
Extrapolation of the results to the Eastern Lake Survey Phase II target
population suggests that 99.4% of the lakes in the area support fish. For
the 49 survey lakes, the number of fish species caught per lake (species
95
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richness) was lower in seepage lakes (without inlets or outlets) than in
non-seepage lakes and was also lower in lakes with lower pH, ANC,
calcium (and other base cations), DOC, and silica and with higher levels of
extractable aluminum. In contrast to the large number of variables
associated with fish presence/absence and species richness, variations
in the numbers of fish caught and catch per unit effort among lakes
appeared to be independent of lake characteristics. [NT]
02696993
Title: Geographic information systems for cumulative impact
assessment.
Author: Johnston, Carol A.; Detenbeck, Naomi E.; Bonde, John P.; Niemi,
Gerald J.
Corporate Source: Univ of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
Source: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing v 54 n 11 Nov
1988 p 1609-1615
Publication Year: 1988
CODEN:PERSDV ISSN: 0099-1112
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: G; (General Review)
Abstract: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are a valuable tool for
assessing cumulative environmental impact, the incremental impact of an
action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future
actions. GIS can be used to quantify rates of regional resource loss by
comparing data layers representing different years. A cumulative impact
evaluation method involving aerial photointerpretation, multivariate
statistical analysis, and GIS techniques was developed and used to relate past
and present wetland abundance with stream water quality in the
Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area. The results demonstrate the
importance of wetland position in the watershed to water quality, a
relationship which would have been difficult to detect without the benefit of
GIS assisted analysis. (Edited author abstract) 27 Refs. [COM]
96
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88-04958
Numerical modeling of solute transport patterns in the Dammam
aquifer
AI-Layla, R.; Yazicigil, H.; de Jong, R.
Dep. Civ. Eng., King Fahd Univ. Pet. and Miner., Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
WATER RESOUR. BULL VOL 24, NO. 1, pp. 77-85, Publ.Yr: 1988
SUMMARY LANGUAGE- ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
During the past two decades, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed rapid
development in its agricultural and urban areas, which has resulted in greater
reliance being placed on its ground water aquifers. The intensive
development, particularly along the coastline and in the absence of adequate
replenishment sources, has led to major deterioration in the quality and
quantity of ground water resources. A numerical model of the Dammam aquifer
in the Eastern Province is developed and used to predict the extent of the
saline intrusion in the aquifer. The types of stresses effecting the solute
transport were identified and remedial measures were suggested. [PA]
NTIS No: PB87-214672/HDM
Title: Report on 1984-86 Federal Survey of PCBs
(Polychlorinated Biphenyls) in Atlantic Coast Bluefish.
Interpretive Report
Performing Organization: National Marine Fisheries Service,
Washington, DC. Report No: NOAA-NMFS-86-2
Sponsoring Organization: Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD.;
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Notes: See also PB86-218070.; Prepared in cooperation with Food and
Drug Administration, Rockville, MD., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Date: Mar 87 Pages: 169p NTIS Price Code: PC A08/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The report provides a description of a two year study on the
levels of PCBs in east coast bluefish and provides an assessment of any
potential health effects from PCBs in bluefish. [NT]
97
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NTIS No: PB88-202064/HDM
Title: Selected Chemical Contaminants in Surface Sediments of
Commencement Bay and the Tacoma Waterways, Washington,
USA (Revised);
Performing Organization: Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Report No: EPA/600/J-87/341; ERLN-N010
Notes: Pub. in Marine Environmental Research v22 p271-295 1987,
Date: 1987 Pages: 27p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Document Type: Journal article
Abstract: Eight metals, 21 organic priority pollutants, and 11 other
contaminants and contaminant-related sediment characteristics were , :',
measured in surface sediments (upper 2 cm) at 21 locations in
Commencement Bay and the Tacoma Waterways, Washington. Summary
statistics were calculated and statistical approaches were applied to
subsets of the data to classify sediment contamination. High
concentrations of some contaminants appeared to be related to proximity
to sources of contaminants. Depositional vectors, and chemical
adsorption processes may also influence the spatial distribution of
sediment contamination in the study area. [NT] V
NTIS No: PB89-151047/HDM '
Title: Statistical Analysis of Ground-Water Monitoring Data at
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) Facilities,
Interim Final Guidance
Performing Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Report No: EPA/530/SW-89/026
Date: Feb 89 Pages: 148p NTIS Price Code: PC A07/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The document provides guidance to RRA Facility permit
applicants and writers concerning the statistical analysis of ground-
water monitoring data at RCRA facilities. Section 1 is an introduction to
the guidance; it describes the purpose and intent of the document, and
emphasizes the need for site-specific considerations in implementing the
Subpart F regulations of 40 CFR Part 264. Section 2 provides the reader
with an overview of the recently promulgated regulations concerning the
statistical analysis of ground-water monitoring data (53 FR 39720:
October 11, 1988). Section 4 discusses the important hydrogeologic
parameters to consider when choosing a sampling interval. Section 4
provides guidance on choosing an appropriate statistical method. Section
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5 covers statistical methods that may be used to evaluate groundwater
monitoring data when background wells have been sited hydraulically
upgradient from the regulated unit, etc. Section 6 includes statistical
procedures that are appropriate when comparing ground-water constituent
concentrations; and Section 7 presents the case where the level of each
constituent is compared historically. [NT]
99
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100
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Ill D. Water-Monitoring
NTIS No: PB89-156640/HDM
Title: Chesapeake Bay Mainstem Monitoring Program Statistical
and Analytical Support Contract: Final Report, Volume 1
Performing Organization: Martin Marietta Environmental Systems,
Columbia, MD.
Report No: CBP/TRS-12/87
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency,
Philadelphia, PA. Chesapeake Bay Program.
Notes: See also PB89-156657.; Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Philadelphia, PA. Chesapeake Bay Program.
Date: Sep 87 Pages: 59p NTIS Price Code: PC A04/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The primary focus of this contract was the development of a
statistical analysis framework for detection of trends in Chesapeake Bay
water quality attributable to pollution control management actions. The
report found that, while there are aspects of the main Bay water quality
monitoring program that can be improved, the overall approach of the
program is sound and will provide the empirical information needed to
characterize and detect trends in Chesapeake Bay water quality and to
evaluate the effectiveness of management actions. Continuation of this
coordinated monitoring effort provides the best opportunity for
generation of rigorous statements concerning the State-of-the-Bay and
for the development of an ecologically sound water quality management
strategy. [NT]
101
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NTIS No: PB89-156657/HDM
Title: Chesapeake Bay Mainstem Monitoring Program Statistical
and Analytical Support Contract: Final Report, Volume 2
Performing Organization: Martin Marietta Environmental Systems,
Columbia, MD.
Report No: CBP/TRS-13/87
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency,
Philadelphia, PA. Chesapeake Bay Program.
Notes: See also PB89-156640.; Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Philadelphia, PA. Chesapeake Bay Program.
Date: Sep 87 Pages: 481 p NTIS Price Code: PC A21/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The primary focus of this contract was the development of a
statistical analysis framework for detiection of trends in Chesapeake Bay
water quality attributable to pollution control management actions. The
report found that, while there are aspects of the main Bay water quality
monitoring program that can be improved, the overall approach of the
program is sound and will provide the empirical information needed to
characterize and detect trends in Chesapeake Bay water quality and to
evaluate the effectiveness of management actions. Continuation of this
coordinated monitoring effort provides the best opportunity for
generation of rigorous statements concerning the State-of-the-Bay and
for the development of an ecologically sound water quality management
strategy. [NT]
02601439
Title: DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF
METHYLENE CHLORIDE EMISSIONS AT STATIONARY SOURCES.
Author: Butler, F. E.; Coppedge, E. A.; Suggs, J. C.; Knoll, J. E.;
Midgett, M. R.; Sykes, A. L; Hartman, M. W.; Steger, J. L. Corporate
Source: US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
Source: JAPCA (Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association) v 38 n
3 Mar 1988 p 272-277
Publication Year: 1988
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: A; (Applications); X; (Experimental)
Abstract: Prior to source sampling, laboratory experiments were conducted to
determine the best sample container in which to collect an integrated sample.
It was found that CH//2CI//2 remained stable in Tedlar bags for at least four
weeks. The analytical method selected was gas chromatography with flame
102
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ionization detection (GC/FID); The range of concentrations from the sources was
100 ppm to 27,000 ppm CH//2CI//2. A statistical analysis of samples
collected simultaneously showed no difference in the samples, proving good
precision in both sampling and analysis. Some of the sample bags returned from
the test sites developed leaks indicating that immediate on-site analysis is
best. A comparison of results obtained in the field and the two laboratories
showed that inter- and intra-laboratory precision was within 10 percent.
(Edited author abstract) 8 refs. [COM]
NTIS No: PB88-202577/HDM
Title: Optimal Schemes for Ground Water Quality Monitoring in
Shallow Aquifer, Dougherty Plain, Southwestern Georgia;
Technical rept.
Performing Organization: Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta. Environmental
Resources Center.
Report No: ERC-03-87; (JSGS/G-1219-05
Sponsoring Organization: Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta. School of Civil
Engineering.; Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Water Resources Div.
Notes: Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta.
School of Civil Engineering. Sponsored by Geological Survey, Reston,
VA. Water Resources Div.
Date: Mar 87 Pages: 57p NTIS Price Code: PC A04/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: Geostatistical schemes for ground water quality monitoring in
the shallow aquifer of Dougherty Plain, Georgia are presented. The
desired monitoring network acts as an early warning system for ground
water pollution in deeper layers. The authors have utilized the available
data on hydraulic properties of the shallow aquifer to identify the zones
which should be the primary locations for the sampling activities.
Ranking criteria for the selection of the best sampling points are: the
variance reductions; the medians; and the risk values. [NT]
103
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104
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IV. Hazardous Wastes
NTIS No: PB89-142673/HDM
Title: Evaluation of the Accuracy of Volumetric Leak Detection
Methods for Underground Storage Tanks Containing Gasoline
Performing Organization: Vista Research, Inc., Mountain View, CA.
Report No: EPA/600/D-88/279
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Notes: Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Date: Jan 89 Pages: 26p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The report summarizes the results of EPA's research program to
evaluate the current performance of 25 commercially available volumetric
test methods for the detection of small leaks in underground gasoline
storage tanks. The leak rate measurable by these systems ranged from
0.26 to 6.78 L/h (0.97 to 1.79 gal/h) with a probability of detection at
95% and probability of false alarm of 5%. Five of the methods achieved a
performance that was better than 0.57 L/h (0.15 gal/h). The measured
performance was considerably poorer than the often claimed 0.19 L/h
(0.05 gal/h). The performance of the methods evaluated here was limited
by current protocol and practice rather than by hardware. Such
limitations can be overcome by rather modest modifications to testing
practice rather than by major system redesign. [NT]
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NTIS No: PB88-202031/HDM
Title: Geostatistical Analysis of Palmerton Soil Survey Data;
Journal article
Performing Organization: Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Report No: EPA/600/J-87/349
Sponsoring Organization: Nevada Univ., Las Vegas.; Sparks (Allen R.), Las
Vegas, NV.
Notes: Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v9 p239-261
1987.; Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las Vegas, and
Sparks (Allen R.), Las Vegas, NV.
Date: c1987 Pages: 14p NTIS Price Code: PC A03/MF A01
Language: English
Document Type: Journal article
Abstract: The paper describes statistical and geostatistical analyses of
data from a soil sampling survey. Soil sampling was performed, in
October and November 1985, to obtain information on the level, extent,
and spatial structure of metal pollution of the soil in and around the
Palmerton, Pennsylvania, NPL Superfund site. Measurements of the
concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in the soil samples
were obtained. An appropriate variance stabilizing transformation was
determined. Estimation of variance components was performed.
Generalized covariance functions for log-transformed concentrations
were estimated for each metal. Block kriging was employed using the
estimated spatial structure models to obtain estimated metal
concentration distributions over the central part of Palmerton. (Copyright
(c) 1987 by D. Reidel Publishing Company.) [NT]
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NTIS No: PB88-198601/HDM
Title: Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
Facilities (TSDF)-Air Emission Models (for Microcomputers);
Software
Performing Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Report No: EPA/SW/DK.88/046
Notes: The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette, double sided,
double density, compatible with the IBM PC microcomputer. Diskettes are
in LOTUS 1-2-3 format.; Price includes documentation, PB88-198619.
Date: Dec 87 Pages: 1 diskette NTIS Price Code: CP D02
Language: English . :
Abstract: Analytical Models are presented for estimating air emissions
from Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities (TSDF).
Air emission models have been developed for aerated and nonaerated
surface impoundments, land treatment facilities, landfills, and
wastepiles. Emission ; model predictions are compared to available field
data. The models have been assembled into a spreadsheet (Lotus 1-2-3)
that is included in the report as floppy diskette for use on
microcomputers...Software Description: The software was programmed
using the Lotus 1-2-3 Spreadsheet for implementation on the IBM-PC
computers. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-249149/HDM
Title: Love Canal Emergency Declaration Area Habitability Study.
Volume 5. Peer Review Summary: TRC (Technical Review
Committee) Responses; Final rept
Performing Organization: CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Reston, VA.
Report No: EPA/902/4-88/002D
Sponsoring Organization: Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.;
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region II.
Notes: See also.Volume 4, PB88-249131.; Prepared in cooperation with
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, New York. Region II.; Also available in set of 5
reports PC E99, PB88-249099.
Date: Jul 88 Pages: 506p NTIS Price Code: PC A22/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: Environmental studies were conducted to provide data that could
be used by the Commissioner of Health for the State of New York in
determining whether the Emergency .Declaration Area surrounding the Love
Canal .hazardous waste site is habitable. These .volumes (II through IV)
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were reviewed by a peer review panel of expert scientists. The
scientists concluded that each of the three environmental studies was
well planned and well executed. Volume V summarizes the peer review
and gives additional information or clarifications as requested during the
peer review. Volume V also provides additional supplemental statistical
analyses requested by the peer reviewer panel. [NT]
NTIS No: PB88-249123/HDM V
Title: Love Canal Emergency Declaration Area Habitability Study.
Volume 3, Soil Assessment: indicator Chemicals; Final rept
Performing Organization: CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Reston, VA. Report
No: EPA/9d2/4-88/002B : ;
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, New York.
Region II.
Notes: See alsb Volume 2, PB88-249115 and Volume 4, PB88-249131.;
Errata sheet inserted.; Portions of this document are not fully legible.;
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency; New York. Region II.;
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB>88-249099.
Date: May 88 Pages: 347p NTIS Price Code: PC A15/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: Environmental studies were conducted to provide data that could
be used by the Commissioner of Health for the State of New York in
determining whether the Emergency Declaration Area (EDA) surrounding
the Love Canal hazardous waste site is habitable. The soil assessment
compared concentrations of the Love Canal Indicator Chemicals found in
the EDA to concentrations found in similar western New York
communities. An analytical technique was developed to detect the
indicator chemicals at very low levels, i.e. 1:0 ppb. The analytical
technique utilized a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer operating in
the selected ion monitoring mode. The analytical results were
statistically compared between the EDA and the comparison areas using a
modified Wilcoxon rank sum test. [NT]
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NTIS No: PB88-129556/HDM
Title: Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances.
Volume 9. Methods for Estimating Releases of Chemical
Substances Resulting from Transportation Accidents; Final
rept.
Performing Organization: Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Report No: EPA/560/5-85/009
Sponsoring Organization: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
Notes: See also Volume 8, PB87-107850.; Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
Date: Dec 87 Pages: 161p NTIS Price Code: PC A08/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: The report presents methods for calculating expected annual
releases of manufactured chemicals resulting from transportation
accidents. The scope of the report is limited to releases en route rather
than leaks and other releases at transportation terminals. A step-by-
step method of calculating annual quantity released per mode of
transportation is presented, and sources and limitations of the supporting
data are discussed in detail. The method is suitable for comparing
estimates of annual releases of several chemicals or for comparing
releases by various modes of transportation for one chemical. A
statistical analysis of the Department of Transportation (DOT) HAZMAT
data base is included as an appendix to the report. [NT]
89-05685
Second chronological supplement to the carcinogenic potency
database: Standardized results of animal bioassays
published through December 1984 and by the National
Toxicology Program through May 1986
Gold, L.S.; Slone, T.H.; Backman, G.M.; Magaw, R.; Da Costa, M.;
Lopipero, P.; Blumenthal, M.; Ames, B.N.
Biol. and Med. Div., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT VOL. 74, pp. 237-329, Publ.Yr: 1987
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
This paper is the second chronological supplement to the Carcinogenic
Potency Database, published earlier in this journal (1,2,4). The authors report
here results of carcinogenesis bioassays published in the general literature
between January 1983 and December 1984, and in Technical Reports of the
National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program between January
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1983 and May 1986. This supplement includes results of 525 long-term,
chronic experiments of 199 test compounds, and reports the same information
about each experiment in the same plot format as the earlier papers: e.g., the
species and strain of test animal, the route and duration of compound
administration, dose level and other aspects of experimental protocol,
histopathology and tumor incidence, TD sub(50) (carcinogenic potency) and its
statistical significance, dose response, author's opinion about carcinogenicity,
and literature citation. [PA]
89-02684
Symposium VI: New statistical approaches to the
qualitative interpretation of toxicology data
Byrd, D.M.,III
Consult. Toxicol., Falls Church, VA 22046, USA
7. Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology Philadelphia,
PA (USA) Nov 1986
J. AM. COLL TOXICOL VOL. 7, NO. 5, pp. 559-563, Publ.Yr: 1988
SUMMARY LANGUAGE- ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
This symposium describes some new statistical methods of use in the
analysis of toxicology data for purposes of hazard evaluation, particularly
as related to the qualitative phase of carcinogen risk assessment. Life
table analysis of cancer bioassays is discussed. Current assumptions
about the lethality of treatment and tumor can lead to incorrect
interpretation of results. An introduction to the concepts of Bayesian
statistics and how the application of judgmental probabilities can
assist in reaching broad conclusions is presented. Bayesian methods to
estimate the likelihood of bioassay outcomes given short-term test
data are discussed. A Bayesian method is used to integrate data from
different bioassays of the same substance. [PA]
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V. Solid Waste
NTIS No: TIB/A88-83018/HDM
Title: Papier • Kunststoff - Verpackungen: Eine Mengen- und
Schadstoffbetrachtung. Schlussbericht. (Paper - plastics -
packaging products: Amount and harmful matters. Final
report)
Performing Organization: Technische Univ. Berlin (Germany, F.R.). Inst.
fuer Quantitative Methoden.
Sponsoring Organization: Umweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany, F.R.).
Notes: In German,; With 170 refs., 170 figs.
Date: Feb 88 Pages: 331 p NTIS Price Code: PC E07
Language: German
Abstract: Within the reported project a comprehensive evaluation of the
national supply and waste recovery of paper/cardboard and plastics for
the FRG (basis 1984/85) is given with special reference to packaging
products from these materials. Quantitations on the one hand are based
on secondary data, i.e. the computation and workup of statistical data, on
the other hand, on own analyses of houshold waste. Both quantitatibn ;
schemes were put into relation and have been evaluated. Two potentials
of harmful matters (heavy metals and halogenes) were computed from the
results of chemical analyses of household waste and unused product
samples together with the mass related data. With the workup of
secondary data the origins of harmful matter concentrations are traced
and their relevance to waste treatment techniques is briefly outlined.
Alternative packaging materials are discussed by means of scenarios, to
minimize the evironmental effects related to their production and
disposal. (orig./RHM). (TIB: FR 1087+a.) (Copyright (c) 1988 by FIZ.
Citation no. 88:083018.) [NT]
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112
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VI. Radiation
1979329 /
Matematicheskoe modelirovanie avariinogo bloka Chernobylskoi
AES. Mathematical modeling of the safety block of the
Chernobyl nuclear power plant
Maslov, V. P. ;
Myasnikov, V. P.
Danilov, V. G.
Publ: Nauka", Moscow,
1988, 144 pp.. ; ;,'; ;
Price: 1.50 n ;
Language: Russian
Document Type: Book
Subfile; CMP (Current Mathematical Publications) AMS
Type of Abstract: Review pending
[MAT] •'•/..'-.:".
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VII. Risk Assessments
NTIS No: PB89-145031/HDM
Title: Comparative Toxicity Based on Similar Asymptotic
Endpoints (Journal Version); Journal article
Performing Organization: Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Report No: EPA/600/J-88/243
Sponsoring Organization: Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR. Notes:
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v17
p273-280 1988.; Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR.
Date: C1988 Pages: 10p NTIS Price Code: PC A02/MF A01
Language: English
Abstract: Results of the laboratory tests are used in assessing the
environmental risk of exposure to industrial chemicals. The combined
effects of dose-level exposure ana1 time-duration exposure are tested in
the laboratory, but only a single endpoint reflecting the dose-level
exposure at the end of the test period is routinely reported and used. At
times, this might be sufficient, or the data otherwise inappropriate for
calculation of more than a single endpoint. Nevertheless, an approach
that makes a more complete use of existing sufficient test information is
needed. One method is presented in the paper, the focus of which is the
evaluation of an LC50 endpoint at a calculated exposure time. This
calculation determines a condition for the toxicity curve to become
established along the time axis. The authors refer to this condition of
the dose-response curve as an asymptotic state and the LC50 calculated
from it as the asymptotic LC50. An analysis of 152 toxicity tests using
fathead minnows show that the 96-hr LC50 is 25% more conservative
than the asymptotic LC50. The calculation of LC50 under asymptotic
conditions better enables comparing toxicities of different chemicals on
the basis of comparable dose-level and time-duration exposures.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.) [NT]
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89-02511 '
Mortality study of workers exposed to dimethylformamide
and/or acrylonitrile
Chen, J.L; Fayerweather, W.E.; Pell, S.
E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc., ERD, Med. Div., N-11510,
Wilmington, DE 19898, USA
J. OCCUP. MED VOL 30, NO. 10, pp. 819-823, Publ.Yr: 1988 SUMMARY
LANGUAGE- ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
Workers exposed to dimethylformamide (DMF) and/or acrylonitrile
(ACN) were observed from 1950 through 1982 for mortality. The wage-
roll workers exposed to DMF showed significant excess in total deaths
attributable mainly to ischemic heart disease and external causes when
compared with rates from E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co. However, there
were no significant excesses in mortality when expected numbers were
bases on US or local statistics. No dose-response relationships were
observed between DMF or ACN exposure and mortality. The significant
excesses in mortality among employees exposed to DMF and/or ACN
could be due to statistical chance or life-style factors. [PA]
Nonstatistical vs. illusory statistical approaches to the
estimation of risk from environmental chemicals
Sokinger, H.E.
9 Twin Hills Ridge Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45228, USA
DANG. PROPER. IND. MATER. REP VOL. 7, NO. 1, pp. 2-8, Publ.Yr: 1987
Languages: ENGLISH
It is the purpose of this paper to dispel a few unbecoming statistical notions,
one of which is that thresholds for chemical carcinogens do not exist.
Another, that somehow, some time, statistical equations can be developed
with enough constants to accommodate all carcinogenic situations. Also, the
notion that 1 in 200 million is an appropriate and realistic environmental
cancer risk must be renounced and brought into line with other daily-
encountered involuntary risks that are far less rigid. [COM]
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02617982
Title: OVERHAULING HEALTH EFFECTS PERSPECTIVES.
Author: Schwebach, Gerhard, H; Cafaro, Dennis; Egan, James; Grimes,
Max; Michael, Gene
Source: Journal Water Pollution Control Federation v 60 n 4 Apr 1988
p 473-479
Publication Year: 1988
CODEN:JWPFA5 ISSN: 0043-1303
Language: English
Document Type: JA; (Journal Article)
Treatment: G; (General Review); X; (Experimental)
Abstract: The city of Colorado Springs, Colorado conducted an
epidemiology study specifically designed to prove or disprove the
hypothesis that gastrointestinal illness rates at park irrigated with
potable water were no different from gastrointestinal illness rates
reported at parks irrigated with nonpotable water of wastewater origin.
The 2-year prospective cohort epidemiology study, which consisted of
2642 subjects randomly selected and analyzed, used bivariate and
multivariate statistical analysis techniques. The data supported the
hypothesis that there was no difference in self-reported
gastrointestinal illness rates between those park visitors in parks
watered with potable water versus those watered with nonpotable water
of either wastewater or runoff origin. Additional study results are
discussed. 15 refs. [COM]
88-05564
Risk-qualified mapping of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin
contamination
Bryan, R.C.; Splitstone, D.E.; Exner, J.H. (ed.)
Geostat Syst., Inc., P.O. Box 1193, Golden, CO 80402, USA 191. Meeting
of the Americian Chemical Society on Solving Hazardous Waste
Problems: Learning from Dioxins New York, NY (USA) 13-18 Apr 1986
SOLVING HAZARDOUS WASTE PROBLEMS: LEARNING FROM DIOXINS pp.
247-258, Publ.Yr: 1987
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, DC (USA)
ACSSYMP. SER..NO. 338,,;
SUMMARY LANGUAGE- ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
Nonparametric geostatistics is a useful tool for the adequate assessment of
the magnitude and spatial distribution of alleged contamination at a potential
hazardous waste site. The resulting mappings of expected contamination as
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well as risks of making incorrect remedial decisions can support the
development of effective and cost-controlled site remediation. Because of the
nature of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in soils, traditional
geostatistical techniques provide little assistance in producing risk qualified
mappings of site contamination. [PA]
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