United States
Environmental Protec
Agency
        ion
Administration And
Resources Manageme
(3404)
EPA220-R-93-017
September 1993

Searching For Answers

Accessing The
Headquarters Library
CD-ROM Tower

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SEARCHING FOR ANSWERS:
     ACCESSING THE HEADQUARTERS LIBRARY
                CD-ROM TOWER
                  September 1993
                        EPA Headquarters Library
                        Information Access Branch
                        Information Management and Services Division
                        U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C. 20460

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  Welcome to the EPA Headquarters Library
              LAN and CD-ROM Tower.
                 Fast, Easy Information at Your Fingertips

If you have access to a Personal Computer connected to the EPA Headquarters Value Added
Backbone Service (VABS), you can spin into the EPA Headquarters Library without leaving
your chair. Many of the Library's most popular reference tools have been loaded into the
Library's CD-ROM Tower, accessible through the Library's Local Area Network (LAN).

With just a few simple keystrokes, you can turn your desktop PC into a terminal directly linked
to these useful tools. And, if you don't have LAN access to the Backbone near you, you can
access all the disks from one of the Patron terminals in the Headquarters Library.

Answers to your questions and information needs are easy to find on the CD-ROM Tower.
Once you access the Tower, you can perform a direct search on any one of several useful
reference tools so you can find:

           •  Regulatory Information—locate the most recent Federal Register Notice
                for a specific rule or activity
           •  Citations to Books and Articles on Environmental Topics—browse
                abstracts of articles and reports on any one of hundreds of
                environmental topics
           •  International Environmental References-find out which countries are on
                the cutting edge of environmental research
           •  Toxicology and Health Effects Information-identify significant
                documents on the toxicity of a particular substance
           •  Policies and Activities of the EPA and other Federal Agencies

and more—the valuable information of the Headquarters Library made convenient in a
single location!
                      L
LIBRARY
J
                          o
                          *™^
                          II
 Get Plugged
 in to the EPA
Headquarters
    Library
 Your Power
    Source!
                    YOUR POWER SOURCE

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         TABLE  of CONTENTS
Welcome	i

Before You Begin	1-4

Log-In Procedures	  4-14

     How to Log-In, In-library User	  7-8
     How to Log-In, Remote User	  9-10
     Using CD-ROMs from the Tower	  11-12
     Logging Off	  13-14

Common lips and Definitions	15-18

CD-ROM Cheat Sheets	19-50

     BNA's Environment Library	21-24
     EPADOC	25-28
     FAR/FIRMR.	29-32
     Federal Register	33-34
     Medline	35-38
     NTIS	39-42
     PAIS (Public Affairs Information Service)	43-46
     ToxLine	47-50

CD-ROM  Tower Technical Addendum	51-52
                             11

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  Before you begin...Answers to some basic questions
What is a LAN?
      A Local Area Network (LAN) can be a group of up to several hundred
personal computers wired together to enable users to access or share documents,
data, applications, messages, and equipment such as laser printers. The term "local
area" is used because the PCs on a LAN are located within a relatively small
geographical area-within the same office or on the same floor, for example—where
one wiring installation can be laid out and connected.

      Users on a LAN, however, are not limited to sending data and files only
across the office.  Through the interconnection of multiple LANs in separate
locations, users can also exchange information not only with a co-worker down the
hall but with colleagues in other offices nationwide.

      Through a Value Added Backbone Service (VABS), LANs also provide users
with ease of access to other computer systems, such as the mainframe in Research
Triangle Park, communication gateways and the EPA Headquarters  Library LAN
CD-ROM Tower.                                        I

What is a CD-ROM?                                    ~~

      A traditional computer diskette
or "floppy disk" allows the user to access
stored information and write new
information to the disk. Another data
storage format, requiring special reading
equipment, is the Compact  Disk-Read
Only Memory. As the name implies, the
data on these disks can only be retrieved
and read, hence the name Read Only
Memory.  The  computer can read
information from the disk, but you cannot
change this information or add new
information. Sealed under a plastic surface, information is stored on one side of a very
thin sheet of metal in digital format. CD-ROMs can hold in excess of 600MB of data,
which is equivalent to about 250,000 pages of text.

      The information resources available in the CD-ROM format are expanding all
the time. Many traditional print resources, such as the Federal Register and Books In
Print are now searchable in database form on CD-ROMs.  Beyond this, a number of
commercial and government databases, such as the National Technical Information
Service (NTIS) DIALOG file and ToxLine are now available in regularly updated
CD-ROM packages.

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 What is a CD-ROM Tower?
      Most computers with CD-ROM capability use a single reader which allows
 access to only one CD-ROM. A CD-ROM Tower is a vertical case housing multiple CD-
 ROM drive units. The CD-ROM Tower coordinates requests for specific database
 information to the appropriate CD-ROM drive.

 What CD-ROMs are on the Tower?
      The Tower currently has a capacity of fourteen CD-ROMs. The products
 included in the Tower will vary based on user demand and licensing agreements.
 The attached series of Cheat Sheets includes a complete list of CD-ROMs currently
 on the Tower, including dates of coverage. Revised lists and Cheat Sheet packages
 will be made available as the Tower contents change. A complete, current list will
 display on the CD-ROM Menu.

 What if I can't access a particular CD-ROM?
      Each one of the CD-ROM databases has been licensed for use on our LAN; each
 license limits the number of users of a particular database at one time. Should you
 experience difficulty accessing a CD-ROM, try again at a later time.

What if I'm having trouble with the CD-ROM Tower?

      If you are having difficulties with a CD-ROM database, the CD-ROM Tower or
CD-NET Software, please  contact the EPA Headquarters Library Monday-Friday,
10:00am to 4:00pm/ at (202) 260-5921 or (202) 260-5922.
         Connect Yourself to the  World!

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What if I'm having trouble with my computer or menu?

      If you are having difficulties with your computer or your menuing system,
please contact your LAN Administrator or the Washington Information Center (WIC)
help desk at 260-HELP (260-4357).

About this manual

      This manual is designed to serve as a quick guide to the resources available on
the Library LAN CD-ROM Tower. Following this introduction you will find basic
instructions for accessing the Tower, some common tips for using the CD-ROMs, and
a series of database cheat sheets for the CD-ROMs that currently reside on the Tower.
There is also a technical addendum providing information on the memory requirements,
mapping, and other specifications.

      Please note that these materials presume a basic familiarity with computer
equipment and CD-ROM technology. The cheat sheets are intended to be used as quick-
reference tools, answering basic questions for everyday use of theCD-ROMs. Complete
Users' Manuals for each product are kept in the Headquarters Library. If you have
specific questions which are not  addressed in this manual, please feel free to visit or
contact the Library during business hours, 10:00am to 4:00pm, Monday through Friday,
202-260-5921 or 202-260-5922.

      The Library also offers periodic orientation sessions for specific products. Call
and find out when the next session is scheduled. You can also schedule an individual
or small group session upon request.

      The information in this manual has been thoroughly tested, but please remember
that the software is constantly being upgraded so some functions and procedures may
change slightly over time.  If you encounter any problems or have any questions or
comments about the Tower or the manual, please contact the Library. We welcome any
remarks you may have.

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        LOG-IN
    PROCEDURES
In Order of Appearance:
How to Log-In, In-Library User
How to Log-In, Remote User
Using CD-ROMs from the Tower
Logging Off

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6

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   HOW TO LOG-IN TO THE CD-ROM

                         TOWER

      -IN-LIBRARY INSTRUCTIONS-

     These instructions will guide you in accessing the CD-ROM Tower from any of
the Patron Terminals in the Headquarters Library. Please note:

          • CD-ROM databases are accessed through the main WORKSTATION
               MENU (AUTOMAXX).
          • If the Screen Saver (which displays time and date) is on the screen,
               press any key to access the WORKSTATION MENU.
          • If neither the Screen Saver nor Workstation Menu is on the screen,
               press ESC until the C prompt (C:\) appears, and type menu.

     From the WORKSTATION MENU, Select F5 for USER PROGRAMS. From this
next menu, select Fl for CD-ROM ACCESS. These two menu screens will look like
this:
  F5 USER PROGRAMS     }*  % ''
  F6
  F7
  IS JOTTQtJOS
F5 USER PROGRAMS

Fl CD-ROM ACCESS
F2 OFFICE FORM FACILITATOR (OFF)
F3UBXlS/NfiXlS
F4          * '
F5
     After typing Fl for CD-ROM ACCESS, you will need to wait a few seconds.
Then the CD-ROM Menu will display on the screen as below:
                         7^&°o«a|i
                          {CD-ROMs will be
                          listed In this box.]
                           •        '
     Once you've reached this menu, you're ready to proceed to the section on USING
CD-ROMs.
                               7

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8

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          ERRATA SLIP: Please replace, page 9 of Searching for Answers


     HOW TO LOG-IN TO THE CD-ROM

                            TOWER

      -REMOTE LAN INSTRUCTIONS-

     The greatest advantage of the CD-ROM Tower is that you can access it from your
own backbone-connected LAN. Use these instructions to gain full access to these reference
tools from your own office:

           •Log-in to your own LAN.
           •Exit your menu system so that you have a DOS prompt.
           •At the DOS prompt, type:
                patronic [enter]
           First time users, please see below.
           •Press any key to enter the CD-ROM Tower (or press CTRL-Break, and then
                Y, to terminate the program).

     This will bring you to the CD-ROM Tower Menu. Now you're ready to proceed to
the section on USING CD-ROMs.
     New Users: Please check with your System Administrator to see if a batch file
called "patronic.bat" has been created on your file server. If not, please ask the System
Administrator to create the batch file to facilitate access.
     LAN Administrators: Please create a PATRONIC.BAT file on your server
(SYS:PUBLIC). It should contain the following entries. If your work station uses a
dedicated local printer or a print queue was already captured when you logged in, please
do not include the first line of this batch command:

CAPTURE S=YOUR_SERVER_NAME Q=YOUR_PRINT_QUEUE_NAME NB NT NFF
ATTACH DCHQLIBNPATRON
MAP ROOT L:=DCHQLIB\SYS:APPS\CDROM
MAP K:=DCHQLIB\SYS:APPS\CDNET
K:
CALL CDNETMNU
CALL CDNETOFF
EXIT
F:
LOGOUT DCHQLIB

    If you have questions or suggestions, please call the Headquarters Library at (202)260-5921.

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    HOW TO LOG-IN TO THE CD-ROM

                            TOWER

     -REMOTE LAN INSTRUCTIONS-

      The greatest advantage of the CD-ROM Tower is that you can access it from
 your own backbone-connected LAN. Use these instructions to gain full access to these
 reference tools from your own office:

           • Log-in to your own LAN. *
           • Exit your menu system so that you have a DOS prompt. *
           • At the DOS prompt, type the following series of commands:

                 ATTACH. DCHQLIBXPATRON [enter]
                 MAP. ROOT L:=DCHQLIB\SYS:APPS\CDROM [enter]
                 MAP_ K:=DCHQLIB\SYS:APPS\CDNET [enter]
                 K: [enter]
                 CDNET [enter]
                 CD-MENU [enter]

            Be sure to type these lines exactly as shown including spaces and
                 punctuation, _ indicates space.

 This will bring you to the CD-ROM Tower Menu:
                             CD-ROM MENU
                           :CbooM«nappUcaUoalorun :
                           [CD-ROMs will be
                           listed in this box.]
                 Up arrow Downurow PageUp PageDown Home End CEKtoExtt)

                        To logoff CD-ROM menu, press ESC
      Once you've reached this menu, you're ready to proceed to the section on
 USING CD-ROMs.
* If you have any questions regarding these portions of the instructions, please contact your
local LAN Administrator or the WIC for assistance. Your Administrator may also have set up
a Batch File to simplify access to the Tower.

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10

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 USING  CD-ROMS FROM THE TOWER

     Once you reach the CD-ROM Menu, you can select the database you wish to
use. To do this, simply

           • Use the [Up-Arrow] or [Down-Arrow] key to highlight the database
                 you wish to search and
           • Press [enter]

After a few seconds, the database will be loaded and you can begin searching.

Now what do I do?
     Now you are ready to search the database(s) contained on the CD-ROM. If you
are unfamiliar with the system you want to use, there are a number of resources you
can consult for assistance:

           • There are a number of operations common to each CD-ROM. Look at
                 the COMMON TIPS AND DEFINITIONS section of this manual
                 for some basic pointers on how to search.
           • This manual also includes Cheat Sheets for each of the CD-ROMs
                 currently loaded in the Tower. You can use these sheets for quick
                 pointers on how to search each system.
           • Remember, too, that complete Users' Guides are available in the
                 Headquarters Library. Feel free to call with quick questions or
                 stop by and look at the Guides for answers to more in-depth
                 problems.
           • Don't forget to check with the Library for times of orientation sessions
                 on various CD-ROMs. The Library staff can also arrange for
                 individual or small-group sessions on request.

     When you have finished using the CD-ROM, follow the Log-Off instructions
on the Cheat Sheet. This will return you to the CD-ROM Menu. If you want to search
a different CD-ROM while you are connected, go right ahead. If you have finished
with your searching, go on to the LOGGING OFF THE TOWER instructions
                                  11

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12

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LOGGING OFF THE HEADQUARTERS

         LIBRARY CD-ROM TOWER



From the Library Patron Terminals:

     Press the ESC key. This will return you to the AUTOMAXX Menu.




From a Remote LAN Connection: *

     To exit the CD-ROM Menu, press the ESC key. This will return you to the
DOS Prompt. From the DOS Prompt, type:

          CDNETOFF[enter]
          LOGOFF DCHQLIB[enter]

Be sure to type these lines exactly as shown including spaces and punctuation.

You will be back at your LAN DOS Prompt. You can now re-enter your menuing
system.

* If you have any questions regarding these portions of the instructions, please contact your
local LAN Administrator or the VflCfor assistance. "Your Administrator may also have set
up a Batch File to simplify access to the Tower.
                             13

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14

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  COMMON TIPS AND DEFINITIONS
     Many operations and concepts are common to all CD-ROMs. The following
eight tips will help you to get the most out of your searches.

                          1. Getting Help

     The CD-ROM databases on the Tower are menu-driven and very user-
friendly. These systems usually include onscreen Help functions. The Help Key for
each CD-ROM is noted on the appropriate Cheat Sheet.

     Don't forget the Cheat Sheets, which are located at the back of this manual.
They have been designed to answer most basic questions about using the CD-ROMs.
You may also contact the Headquarters Library with any questions, comments, or
problems you have.
                   Make your search hit
                        right on target.
                          2. Subject Terms

      You may find that you need to use additional words and phrases to retrieve all
aspects of your search concept.
           for example: If you want to look for materials written about global
                 warming, you should consider the following terms:

                 • global warming         • climate change
                 • greenhouse effect        • ozone depletion
                 • CO2                 • CFCs

           and perhaps others.

      Consider the following resources when looking for alternative Subject Terms:

           • Many CD-ROMs have a Thesaurus or Index function which will
                 identify similar terms as well as indicating which terms are used
                 in place of others or not used at all. Consult the Cheat Sheets
                 for information on accessing the Thesaurus or Index.
           • Look at the Subject Terms which appear in citations you retrieve
                 using your first word or phrase. These will appear in a field
                 marked Descriptors, Identifiers, or Subject Headings.
                                  15

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                             3. Combining Terms

       Most of the bibliographic databases available in the EPA Headquarters Library
 allow for combination of search terms using the "operators" AND and OR.  Using AND
 and OR will allow you to find the information that specifically pertains to your area of
 interest.
    AND retrieves only those records
    containing  both search terms.
    Since AND requires that both
    terms be in the same record, it
    retrieves fewer records than if the
    database was searched using only
    one term.
     Example: emissions and smelters
     OR  retrieves all records that
     contain either of two or more
     search terms. Terms which
     represent the same or similar
     concepts are retrieved. Using OR
     allows you to retrieve more
     records than searching one term
     used alone.

      Example: voluntary or nonregulatory
                                 4.  Truncation

       You won't always be able to enter a single word or phrase which clearly identifies
the information you want.  Often, you will need to use several forms of a root word in
order to capture all the possible occurrences of a concept. Variations in endings can cause
problems for CD-ROM users.

       Many CD-ROM databases solve this problem with Truncation Symbols.  A
symbol (such as ?, $, or *) is placed at the end of the root word so that the search will
retrieve all the forms of the word. Consult the Cheat Sheet for the CD-ROM you are
using to determine which Truncation Symbol is used.

            For example: If you wanted to find out about the approval of a particular
                   pesticide, you would need to consider all the forms of the word approve
                   that might be used, such as:
                   •  approve
                   •  approval
approved
approvals
approves
approving
            In order to retrieve all of these words, you can use a Truncation Symbol on the
                  root word. You would type:  approv? and the results of your search
                  would include all forms of the word.
                                     16

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                             5. Wildcards

      Sometimes, using Truncation Symbols will leave you with a very short root. This
can result in the CD-ROM retrieving far too many things that you don't want. Wildcards
are similar to Truncation Symbols, but they are placed within the word instead of at the
end. This allows you to retrieve words with variations in spelling that appear at places
other than the end of the word.

           For example:  You are interested in publications dealing with women and the
                 environment. "You want to retrieve both words:
                 • woman
women
           If you use a Truncation Symbol (worn?) to retrieve these words, you would
                 get anything that starts with worn (such as wombat). By using a
                 Wildcard instead and typing wom?n, you include only words that
                 start worn and end in n.
      As with Truncation Symbols, consult the appropriate CD-ROM Cheat Sheet
                                        Information
                                            Access
                                             Made
                                              Easy!
                                  17

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 for the Wildcard you should use.

                                  6.  Limiters

       Limiters allow you to retrieve documents which meet particular criteria, such as

              • falling within a specific date range
              • in a particular format (report, journal article, and so forth)
              • written in a certain language.
 Limiting places specific restrictions on a given field in the database.

       Limiting by date is useful for CD-ROMs that cover a wide time span.  Many
 databases use the following symbols:
                          > (greater than)
                          < (less than)
                          = (equal to).

             For example:  You are only interested in materials that were published after
                   1987.  After consulting the Cheat Sheet for your CD-ROM, you
                   determine that the field you need to limit for dates is Publication Year
                   or PY.  To limit this field you would type:
                         PY>1987

                              7.  Downloading

       Most of the CD-ROM databases allow you to download your search results to a
floppy disk. To download, place a formatted, high density disk in the A: drive. Consult
the appropriate Cheat Sheet for  instructions on transferring your data to this disk.

                                  8. Printing

       If you want an immediate paper copy of your data instead of saving it to disk, most
databases will allow you to print. Of course, the PC you are using must be attached to a
printer. (The Patron Terminals  in the Headquarters Library have printing capability.)
Consult the Cheat Sheet for instructions on accessing the Printing option for the CD-ROM
you are using.
                                      18

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CD-ROM
         CHEAT
                 SHEETS
In Order of Appearance:
FAR/FIRMR
Federal Register
Medline
NTIS
PAIS (Public Affairs Information Service)
ToxLine
              19

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20

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                        BNA'S
              ENVIRONMENT
                     LIBRARY
Includes the full text of US laws, regula-
tions, executive orders, policy documents
and related information at the federal level.
The disk is divided into two sections:
Environment Reporter, which covers envi-
ronmental information; and Chemical
Regulation Reporter, covering chemical
manufacturing and toxic substances.
Updated: Monthly
                               IMPORTANT KEYS
Tab        move forward to link (V)              Spacebar   initiate a search
Shift-tab   move backward to link (T)             Esc         previous window
Enter      select/display                       Ctrl-prnscr  print text
Alt-letter   display menu                        Ctrl-s       save text
+ / -       cycle/zoom windows                T i         scroll text or window
The database engine for this reference tool is FolioViews. The first screen to appear will be the
Folio welcome screen.  Press any key to continue. At the next screen, choose the infobase to
examine:  Environment Reporter, Chemical Regulation Reporter, a content overview or a
tutorial. TAB or SHIFT-TAB to the appropriate link (T) and press ENTER. From the next
several screens, choose and refine a search approach. For certain approaches, it will be pos-
sible to continue to naviagate through the desired information by tabbing to links, using + and
- to cycle through open windows, and pressing ESC to go back to previous windows. For
other approaches, you will need to specify a search query.


                                 HOW TO SEARCH

1.  Choose an infobase to search from the opening menu (TAB to a link and hit ENTER).
2.  Choose a search approach.
3.  Press die SPACE BAR to bring up the search window and initiate a search. Begin typing in
   the word or phrase you wish to search for. You don't need to hit the enter key.
      Example: SPACE acid precipitation lakes
4.  As you type, the number of items found which match your request will be displayed in a
   tree-like diagram containing the words you entered and the number of "hits."
5.  When you wish to see the items in the infobase containing your word or phrase, press
   ENTER. The text will appear on the screen.
6.  You may return to an modify your search query by pressing the space bar again.


                           HOW TO DISPLAY TEXT

1.  To display text, press ENTER after search query results are displayed.
2.  Use arrow keys, PGUP/PGDN, SHIFT-arrows, and TAB to navigate around the text
   display.
3.  You can toggle in and out of several different views of text information. CTRL-T will
   move between retrieved text and headings. CTRL-F will switch from retrieved text to your
                                       21

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    search terms in context. CTRL-V will call up a virtual screen, allowing you to pan extra-
    wide text and tables.
 4.  To see the full text of a document, position the cursor anyplace in the retrieved text except
    on a link. Press ENTER. Press ESC to return to retrieved text.


                          HOW TO DISPLAY IMAGES

 1.  TAB to the image-viewing link (« — >). Press ENTER. The image-viewing program will
    execute and the image will be displayed.


                                 HOW TO PRINT

 1.  To print text, place text on cursor to be printed.
 2.  Press CTRL-PrnScrn.
 3.  Use TAB and arrow keys to specify scope of information to be printed. Press ENTER to
    begin printing.
 4.  To print images, press P while viewing the image.


                             HOW TO DOWNLOAD

 1.  To download text, place cursor on text to be saved.
 2.  Press CTRL-S.
 3.  Use TAB and arrow keys to specify scope of information to be saved. Type in name of filf
    to contain information.  Use SPACE BAR to toggle between including or excluding quen
    in saved text.
 4.  Press ENTER to begin saving text.


                      TIPS AND ADVANCED FEATURES

 1.  Logical operators:
    OR:           use the / key
      Example:  cadmium/lead
    AND:          use the & key
      Example:  toxic & hazardous
    Exact phrase:   place in quotes
      Example:  "pollution prevention "
   Proximity:      qualify a phrase with the @ symbol andword span.
      Example:  "pollution prevention "@10
2. Truncation:
   Replace any group of characters with the * symbol to retrieve any words matching tha'
   pattern.
      Example: en*g will retrieve engineering and enervating;
      Example: benzene* will retrieve benzenediol and benzenedicarbonitrite.
   Replace any single character with the ? symbol to include all variants of the word
      Example: wom?n will retrieve woman and women.

                                        22

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3.  Many commands to customize your search strategy and enhance your search session can
   be found in pull-down menus (menu titles are seen at the top of the screen). Access the
   menus by holding down the ALT key and typing the first letter of the desired menu.
   Some of the options available through menus:
      Apply current active search query to all open infobases.
      Save search queries to a history file; view past search queries.
      Annotate information in infobases.
                        HOW TO EXIT THE DATABASE
              Press ESC until all windows are closed. Press Enter to confirm.
                                       -or-
                        Press Shift-FlO; Press Enter to confirm.
                                        23

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24

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                                                    EPADOC makes accessible vast amounts of
                      •p "p A y% /"\ ft             information maintained by the US.
                                                    Environmental Protection Agency. In-
                                                    cluded on this disk is LAN and workstation
                                                    contract documents, the All-In-1 user's
                                                    guide and selected policies and procedures.
                                                    Updated: Periodically
                               IMPORTANT KEYS
Tab         move forward to link (T)              Spacebar   initiate a search
Shift-tab    move backward to link (T)             Esc         previous window
Enter       select/display                        Ctrl-prnscr print text
Alt-letter    display menu                        Ctrl-s       save text
+ / -        cycle/zoom windows                 T i         scroll text or window
The database engine for this reference tool is Folio Views. The first screen to appear will be the
Folio welcome screen. Press any key to continue. At the next screen, choose the infobase to
examine: a list of documents or a tutorial. TAB or SHIFT-TAB to the appropriate link (T)
and press ENTER. From the next several screens, choose and refine a search approach. For
certain approaches, it will be possible to continue to naviagate through the desired information
by tabbing to links, using + and - to cycle through open windows, and pressing ESC to go back
to previous windows. For other approaches, you will need to specify a search query.
                                  HOW TO  SEARCH
1.  Choose an infobase to search from the opening menu (TAB to a link and hit ENTER).
2.  Choose a search approach.
3.  Press the SPACE BAR to bring up the search window and initiate a search. Begin typing in
   the word or phrase you wish to search for. You don't need to hit the enter key.
      Example: SPACE GIS computer systems
4.  As you type, the number of items found which match your request will be displayed in a
   tree-like diagram containing the words you entered and the number of "hits."
5.  Wheh you wish to see the items in the infobase containing your word or phrase, press
   ENTER. The text will appear on the screen.
6.  You may return to an modify your search query by pressing the space bar again.


                           HOW TO DISPLAY TEXT

1.  To display text, press ENTER after search query results are displayed.
2.  Use arrow keys, PGUP/PGDN, SHIFT-arrows, and TAB to navigate around the text
   display.
3.  You can toggle in and out of several different views of text information. CTRL-T will
   move between retrieved text and headings. CTRL-F will switch from retrieved text to your
   search terms in context.  CTRL-V will call up a virtual screen, allowing you to pan


                                         25

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 extra-wide text and tables.
 4. To see the full text of a document, position the cursor anyplace in the retrieved text except
    on a link Press ENTER. Press ESC to return to retrieved text.


                          HOW TO DISPLAY IMAGES

 1. TAB to the image-viewing link (< — >). Press ENTER. The image-viewing program will
    execute and the image will be displayed.


                                 HOW TO PRINT

 1. To print text, place text on cursor to be printed.
 2. Press CTRL-PrnScrn.
 3. Use TAB and arrow keys to specify scope of information to be printed. Press ENTER to
    begin printing.
 4. To print images, press P while viewing the image.


                             HOW TO DOWNLOAD

 1.  To download text, place cursor on text to be saved.
 2.  Press CTRL-S.
 3.  Use TAB  and arrow keys to specify scope of information to be saved. Type in name of file
    to contain information.  Use SPACE BAR to toggle between including or excluding query
    in saved text.
 4.  Press ENTER to begin saving text.


                      TIPS AND ADVANCED FEATURES

 1.  Logical operators:
    OR:           use the / key
      Example: cadmium/lead
    AND:          use the & key
      Example: toxic & hazardous
    Exact phrase:   place in quotes
      Example:  "pollutionprevention"
    Proximity:     qualify a phrase with the @ symbol andword span.
      Example:  "pollution prevention "@10
2.  Truncation:
    Replace any group of characters with the * symbol to retrieve any words matching that
    pattern.
      Example: en*g will retrieve engineering and enervating;
      Example: benzene* will retrieve benzenediol and benzenedicarbonitrite.
   Replace any single character with the ? symbol to include all variants of the word.
      Example: wom?n will retrieve woman and women.
3.  Many commands to customize your search strategy and enhance your search session can

                                        26

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be found in pull-down menus (menu titles are seen at the top of the screen). Access the
menus by holding down the ALT key and typing the first letter of the desired menu.
Some of the options available through menus:
   Apply current active search query to all open infobases.
   Save search queries to a history file; view past search queries.
   Annotate information in infobases.
                     HOW TO EXIT THE DATABASE
           Press ESC until all windows are dosed. Press Enter to confirm.
                                    -or-
                     Press Shift-FlO; Press Enter to confirm.
                                     27

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28

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                                                   The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) is the
                                                   primary regulation used by federal executive
                   T"1 A Tl /T""TT*» "m JTTI          agencies requesting supplies and services.
                   JT.A,JLv/Jr AAvJML AY.         Federal Information Resources Management
                                                   Regulation (FIRMR) contains procurement and
                                                   contracting regulations for Automatic Data
                                                   Processing and telecommunications equipment
                                                   and services.
                                                   Updated: Quarterly
                                IMPORTANT KEYS
 ESC  to exit currem screen                         AH C to create a search from any screen
 AltQ to quit the database from any screen             AltH to access help screens
 AHP  to print                                     AltF to download to a file
 Alt R or F10  For result list of last completed search
                                HOW TO SEARCH

      The first screen to appear will ask you to Press Any Key to Continue. The Main Search
Menu will be on the screen. Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to navigate through the Main
search screen.  Use standard editing keys (BACKSPACE, RIGHT, and LEFT arrow keys) to
enter search criteria. Press ENTER, Fl, or F10 to begin the search. Press ESC to stop the
search.

Words Only
      Individual words can be combined in a variety of ways to create the search criteria you
want. For instance, you might want to look for all documents containing either the word
Hurricane or both Hurricane and Wind. Please refer to the Common Tips and Definitions page
in this manual for an explanation of using AND or OR to combine terms.

Phrases
      The volume of search results can be significantly reduced by using phrases.  All
documents retrieved must contain the exact character string as shown in the phrase. Enclose
phrases in quotation marks. For instance, the search terms "occupational safety" will locate
documents containing phrases with the exact spelling, proximity and word order "occupational
safety".

Wildcard Expansion
      Use ? as a single-character wildcard, and * as a multiple-character wildcard at the end of
words or phrases.
                  Example: architecture? will find architecture or architectures
                           architectur* will find architecture, architectures, architectural

Word Proximity
      Using proximity searching allows you to find documents containing two or more
specified words that occur within a specified distance of one another. Proximity distance
refers to the number of characters between the words and can be modified on the Search
Options Screen from the Main Search Screen. While on the Search Screen Menu use [ ] around
your terms if order is unimportant, {} if order is important. Example [occupational safety] will
find occupational within 100 words of either side of safety; {occupational safety} will find
occupational within 100 words proceeding safety. 100 is the default proximity limit.

                                          29

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                         HOW TO DISPLAY RECORDS

 After entering search terms:

       Fl will bring you to the first document
       F2 will show the number of hits
       F10 will show a summary or result list
       ENTER will go to the first search term

 From the result list:

       1. Select document by pressing ENTER.
       2. Press ENTER again to display.

                      HOW TO PRINT AND DOWNLOAD

 Printing
 To print an entire document:
   1. Enter AtlP

 To print only the sections of a document:
 use the mark and notepad features to select only those sections desired from large documents

   To mark:
   1. Place cursor at the beginning of the section and enter C to begin marking.
   2. Move cursor to the end of the section, enter R to end marking. Section should be
      highlighted.

   To use notepad:
   1. After highlighting a section, enter Alt N and the notepad will appear.
   2. Enter Alt P to paste the highlighted section to the notepad.
   3. Enter F4 to print section.
   4. Enter F5 to exit the notepad and return to the document.

Downloading
To download an entire document:
   1.  Enter Alt F
   2.  Enter a file name. Example: amyfile

To download a section of a document
   Follow instructions for mark and notepad features under PRINTING.
   After section has been highlighted:
   1. Enter F4 to download to a file.
   2. Enter F5 to exit the notepad and return to the document.
                                        30

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                      TIPS AND ADVANCED FEATURES

Search Options Menu
      The Search Options screen allows you to:
      1.  Modify the maximum number of documents retrieved by a search.
      2.  Modify the default proximity distance.
      3.  Select the thesaurus and turn it off or on.

Word Wheel/Index (ALT W)
            A word wheel is simply an alphabetical list of keywords. This CD-ROM product
      has chosen to call it a word wheel rattier than Keyword Index or other similar term.
      From the main search menu:
      1.  Use arrow keys to get to the entry field "word or phrase."
      2.  Press Alt W.
      3.  The index shifts alphabetically with each letter you enter; it may not be necessary to
         key in the whole term.
      4.  Use the arrow keys to highlight the desired term and press ENTER. Only one term
         may be selected at a time.
      5.  Press F10 when you are finished selecting terms to execute search and display records.

Help
   The help function is menu-driven. Help is available at any time from any screen by
entering Alt H.

Sideways Searching
   Sideways searching is invoked by pressing the F9 key. This feature allows you to extract a
word or phrase from tike document you are displaying and use it in a new search without
returning to the Main Search Screen.  Highlight the word or phrase by pressing C at the first
and last characters of the string. Press ENTER to begin search.

Editing a Search
   Enter Alt E and you will be returned to the Main search menu. Enter new search terms,
make corrections, and add or subtract search terms to narrow or broaden your search. Press
F10 to begin search.

Boxes
   You will notice boxes that appear at the bottom of each screen. These boxes contain useful
commands and hints about the screen.
                        HOW TO EXIT THE DATABASE

1.  Press ESC until you are at the Main Search Menu.
2.  Enter Alt-Q.
3.  Enter Y to return to the CD-ROM Tower menu.
                                        31

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32

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                                                    Published every federal working day, the
                                                    Federal Register provides a uniform system
                              T>T7/^TCTrT7T>   for publicizing regulations and legal notices
                              IVE Vj 1^ 1 E, JLV   issued by federal agencies and the President.
                                                    Updated: Bimonthly
                               IMPORTANT KEYS
ESC Return to previous menu or screen.   Arrow Keys Moves highlight bar to desired menu option.
F!   HelP                           FLO       Finished selecting terms.
F3   Clears previous search options.
                                  HOW TO SEARCH
      The first screen to appear will ask you to Select Search Mode. Easy Menu Search leads you
through the search process, providing options from which to choose at each step along the way.
The Easy Menu Search option will be highlighted on the screen. Press ENTER.
      The next menu to appear will be Select Main Activity. The Begin a New Search option will
be highlighted. Press ENTER to start searching. If you wish to learn more about the database, use
the arrow keys to highlight Database Description Help and press ENTER. A menu will appear
listing the available search options.
Search Options
1.  If  you wish to search by issuing agency, title, CFR section, date, document type or number,
   use the arrow keys to highlight the appropriate option and press ENTER.
2.  If you wish to search by subject, you may choose Word Index. This option is explained in
   the Tips and Advanced Features section.

                         HOW TO DISPLAY RECORDS
1.  Once you are satisified with your search results press F10.  Choose the Display, Print, or
   Transfer Current Records from the Select Main Activity Menu.
2.  Use the arrow keys to choose a Display Format Option and press ENTER.
3.  Use the arrow keys to move around in the record.  Press CTRL and Page Up or Page
   Down to move from one record to another.

                     HOW TO PRINT AND DOWNLOAD

1.  Once you are displaying records, press F8.
2.  Use the arrow keys to choose the appropriate option.
3.  To download, choose one of the Transfer options.  Type in a filename following A:.
   Example Amyfile.
4.  To Mark records, press F7 while viewing. This command will save only Marked records to
   be printed or downloaded.
                                        33

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                       TIPS AND ADVANCED FEATURES

 Word Index
    This Index provides the most comprehensive access to all subject terms and to individual
 words found in the Federal Register.
 I. After selecting the Word Index, you will be instructed to type in the term
    you wish to search.
 2. The index shifts alphabetically with each letter you enter; it may not be necessary to
    key in the whole term.
 3. Use the arrow keys to highlight the desired term and press ENTER. More than one term may
    be selected. If multiple terms are selected, they will be treated as synonyms and connected by
    OR.
 4. Press F10 when you are finished selecting terms.

 Narrowing the Search
 1. If the set of documents retrieved is too large, there are several ways to narrow your search:
    limiting by adding another concept, by document type, or by date.
 2. Press F10 after you have finished selecting the first component of your search. The Select
    Main Activity will appear.
 3. Use the arrow keys to highlight Modify Current Search. Press ENTER.
 4. To add an additional concept highlight Limit with Additional Concepts or Terms and
    press ENTER.
    Example: You are searching for final rules on wetlands. Your first search for the term wetlands
    retrieves over 200 documents. Use the Limit with Additional Concepts option to select
    Document Type and select Rules and Regulations.  Press F10.

 Broadening the Search
 1.  From the Modify menu it is also possible to include alternate terms or synonyms if too few
    documents were retrieved.
 2.  Highlight Modify Current Search, press ENTER and then choose the Include Alternate
    Term.
    Example: Your search is on Karst. After selecting the term karst, use the Modify option to include
    the alternate term limestone.
                         HOW TO EXIT THE DATABASE
1. Press ESC until you are at the Select Main Activity Menu.
2. Choose the Quit Easy Menu Mode option.
3. At the Select Search Mode menu, choose Return to DOS.

                                         34

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                                                     MEDLINE is a database of the U.S.
                                                     National Library of Medicine, containing
                                                     bibliographic citations and abstracts from
                        MEDLINK           the biomedical literature.
                                                     Updated: Monthly
                                IMPORTANT KEYS
    Ft Help           F3 Guide               F5 Index          F7 Restart
    F2Find           F4 Display Records       F6 Print          F9 Thesaurus
      The MEDLINE database is menu-driven and offers several options for searching. The
system automatically defaults to the Find mode. To choose an alternative option press ESC.
A command menu will appear at the bottom of the screen. Use the space bar to highlight the
desired command and press ENTER.

                                  HOW TO SEARCH
      1. Press F2 to activate the Find command. At the Find prompt type in the word or phrase
       you wish to search and press ENTER.
           Example: Lead Intoxication
      2. A window containing the words you entered and the number of records will appear on
       the screen.  Multiple sets of records may be combined using the words AND and OR.
           Example: #1 AND #2, where #1 and #2 refers to the search set number.
      3. It is also possible to limit the search to title or author.
           Examples: Cheney in au (author); childhood in ti (title)

                            HOW TO DISPLAY RECORDS
      1. To display records press F4.  The system will display your most recent search.
      2. All fields for all records will be displayed. If you want to change the display, type O
       (Options). Change "Fields to Display" to Citn for a brief display.  Change "Records to
       Display" to the numbers you wish to view.
           Example: 1-10. Use tab or cursor to move between fields.
      3. While viewing, it is possible to "MARK" records for printing or downloading. "Mark
       Record" should be highlighted in the menu at the bottom of the screen. Press ENTER
       to Mark, Press ENTER again to Unmark the record.
      4. Use Page Up and Page Down to move from one record to another.
      5. To display records from a previous set,  retype the search number at the Find
        prompt, then press F4.
                                          35

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                   HOW TO PRINT AND DOWNLOAD

 Printing
 1. To print your most recent search press F6.
 2. The print menu will appear on the screen. The default setting is CITN (citation). To
   change the print settings, type C (Change Options). Use tab or cursor to move
   between fields.
 3. To print complete records, including abstracts, change "Fields to Print" to ALL.
 4. "Records to Print" will be MARKED if you marked records while in the Display
   mode. If no records were marked, ALL records will print.  This default may be
   changed by typing in the desired number of records to print. Example: 1-10.
 5. To print records from an earlier search, retype the set number you want at the Find
   prompt. Example: Find: #2.  Then press F6.

 Downloading
 1. Press ESC, then D. The DOWNLOAD menu will appear on the screen.
 2. The system will download to your disc in the A: drive. The file will be named
   Download.doc.  To change the file name, type C (Change Options). Arrow down to
   "Filename" and type in the desired name.
 3. Follow steps 3 and 4 in HOW TO PRINT to change other downloading formats.
 4. To download records from a previous search follow step 5 in HOW TO PRINT.
                   TIPS AND ADVANCED FEATURES

     Commands - You will find the command line at the bottom of the screen. Cursor
                  to your selection. Press ENTER to select.

Download  Save the results of a search to disk.
Find        Search the database for any keywords.
Index       Identify terms to describe a subject. Use to locate keywords.
Thesaurus  Includes MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Use to locate references to a
            topic.
Show       Display retrieved records.
                                   36

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Index
1. The index is used to identify and select subject terms or keywords, standard words or
  phrases assigned to each record.
2. Press F5.  The following prompt will appear: INDEX word to look up. Type in a
  subject term and press ENTER.
3. An alphabetical list of index terms will appear. Use the arrow keys to position the
  cursor  beside the desired terms and press ENTER. Pressing F (Find) will post these
  terms to the search workspace where they can be combined with other terms.
4. Terms selected from the index will appear connected by OR in the search workspace.
5. To limit your search to humans, select all the terms beginning with "human," or type
        human-* at the FIND prompt.

Thesaurus
1. Use the thesaurus to find broad and narrow subject headings included in MeSH
  (Medical Subject Headings).
2. Press F9.  The following prompt will appear: Thesaurus term to look up. Type in the
  subject of interest and press ENTER.
3. Options available in the Thesaurus include: A. List of Permuted Terms: an
  alphabetical index of every significant word in the subject terms.
  B. Selected Term Detail: a brief description of the selected term plus a list of some of
  its broader and narrower terms. C. The Trees - Hierarchical Display of Terms: the
  complete tree structure for the selected terms, showing all its broader and narrower
  terms.
                       HOW TO EXIT THE DATABASE
1. Press ESC until the Command Menu appears at the bottom of the screen.
2. Press Q to Quit.
                                       37

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38

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                                                 The National Technical Information Service
                                                 (NTIS) database contains citations and abstracts
                                                 to technical reports from both U.S. and non-US.
                                                 government sponsored research. The database
                                                 covers extensive information from the U.S.
                                                 Environmental Protection Agency.
                                                 Updated: Quarterly
                               IMPORTANT KEYS
  ESC       Return to previous menu or screen.        F3    Clears previous search options.
  Arrow Keys Moves highlight bar to desired menu option. FLO   Finished selecting terms.
  Fl	Help	
      The first screen to appear will ask you to Select Search Mode. The Easy Menu Search
option will be highlighted on the screen. Press ENTER.
      The next menu to appear will be Select Main Activity. The Begin a New Search option will
be highlighted. Press ENTER to start searching. Go to "How to Search" for more details. If you
wish to learn more about the database, use the arrow keys to highlight Database Description Help
and press ENTER. A menu will appear listing the available search options.

                               HOW TO SEARCH
1.  If you wish to search by author, title, journal title, or conference, use the arrow keys to
   highlight the appropriate option and press ENTER.
2.  If you wish to search by subject, you may choose either Word/Phrase Index, or NTIS
   Subject Headings. These options are explained in the Tips and Advanced Features section.

                         HOW TO DISPLAY RECORDS
1.  Once you are satisfied with your search results press F10. Choose the Display, Print, or
   Transfer Current Records from the Select Main Activity Menu.
2.  Use the arrow keys to choose a Display Format Option and press ENTER.
3.  Use the arrow keys to move around in the record. Press CTRL and Page Up or Page
   Down to move from one record to another.

                      HOW TO PRINT AND DOWNLOAD

1.  Once you are displaying records, press F8.
2.  Use the arrow keys to choose the appropriate option.
3.  To download, choose one of the Transfer options. Type in a filename following A:.
   Example A:myfile.
4.  To Mark records, press F7 while viewing. This command will save only Marked records to
   be printed or downloaded.
                                        39

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                       TIPS AND ADVANCED FEATURES

 Word/Phrase Index
 This Index provides the most comprehensive access to all subject terms and to individual
 words found in NTIS.
 1.  After selecting the Word/Phrase Index, you will be instructed to type in the term
    you wish to search.
 2.  The index shifts alphabetically with each letter you enter; it may not be necessary to
    key in the whole term.
 3.  Use the arrow keys to highlight the desired term and press ENTER. More than one term may
    be selected. If multiple terms are selected, they will be treated as synonyms and connected by
    OR.
 4.  Press F10 when you are finished selecting terms.


 NTIS Subject Heading
 Subject words or phrases (labeled "Descriptors" in the record) are assigned to describe the
 main ideas discussed. Each record is assigned one major descriptor, and up to five additional
 descriptors.
 1.  The Subject Heading Index uses the same search procedures as described in Word/
    Phrase searching. Press ENTER to select terms.
 2.  Press the F10 key when finished selecting terms.
 Narrowing the Search
 1.  If the set of documents retrieved is too large, there are several ways to narrow your search:
    limiting by adding another concept, by document type, or by language.
 2.  Press F10 after you have finished selecting the first component of your search.  The Select
    Main Activity will appear.
 3.  Use the arrow keys to highlight Modify Current Search. Press ENTER.
 4.  To add an additional concept highlight Limit with Additional Concepts or Terms and
    press ENTER.
    Example:  You are searching for information on lead in human blood. Your first search for the term
    lead retrieves over 5,000 documents. Use the Limit with Additional Concepts option to select the
   word blood from the Word/ Phrase Index.  Press FLO.
4. From the Modify Menu it is also possible to limit the set of documents to the English
   language, journal articles or conference papers by choosing Limit with Additional
   Concepts and then Limit Options.

                                               40

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Broadening the Search
1.  From the Modify menu it is also possible to include alternate terms or synonyms if too few
   records were retrieved.
2.  Highlight Modify Current Search, press ENTER and then choose the Include Alternate
   Tern.
   Example: Your search is on voluntary environmental programs. After selecting the term
   voluntary, use the Modify option to include the alternate term nonregulatory.
                        HOW TO EXIT THE DATABASE
1.  Press ESC until you are at the Select Main Activity Menu.
2.  Choose the Quit Easy Menu Mode option.
3.  At the Select Search Mode menu, choose Return to DOS.
                                        41

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42

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                PAIS ON CDROM
                (Public Affairs Information Service)
                                                 PAIS on CD-ROM is a bibliographic
                                                 database containing citations to public
                                                 policy literature published anywhere
                                                 in the world in English, Spanish, French,
                                                 German, Italian, Russian, or Portuguese.
                                                 Updated: Quarterly
                               IMPORTANT KEYS
            Help                                     F5
            Periodical/Publisher Information            F8
            Clear Workspace                          F9
Fl
F2
F3
F4    Save Command
ESC  Move to a previous screen
Print
Start Over
Novice Search
                                                     F10   View Citations
PAIS on CD-ROM is driven by a group of pull-down menus that are displayed on the screen.
Once the system has been accessed, you will be instructed to press any key, and then press
ENTER. A menu bar will appear across the top of the screen.
                                     Menu Bar
Search       Puts you in Search Mode where you can search the database using one or more of the search keys.
Browse       Puts you in Browse mode, where you can browse through database indexes.
Format       Lets you choose a display format for viewing and printing citations.
Keys         Information about the purpose of each function key.
Options      Allows you to quit PAIS on CD-ROM.
There are two ways to obtain information about periodical articles, books, and government
reports that discuss a topic of interest to you: SEARCH or BROWSE.
                                HOW TO SEARCH

1.  You will automatically be placed in a novice search mode; press F9 to begin searching.
2.  Use the arrow key to highlight the search option on the menu bar and press ENTER.
   Two windows should now appear on the screen:  a list of all the two-letter search keys
   used in searching and the search workspace.
3.  Using the appropriate field tag, type in the concept you wish to search and press
   ENTER.
      Example: kw=air and kiv=pollution, or kw=air pollution
   The system will execute the search and display the number of documents retrieved.
4.  The CS command can be used to combine search steps displayed in the search
      workspace.
      Example: cs-3andcs=6,
   The system may ask you to delete unused sets from the screen using the delete key. Press
   ENTER when finished.
                                          43

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                                HOW TO BROWSE

 1.  The BROWSE mode allows you to examine subject headings, keywords, and authors'
    names before selecting records.
 2.  Press ESC until the menu bar is displayed at the top of the screen. Use the arrow keys
    to highlight the browse option on the menu bar and press ENTER.
 3.  Select an index using the arrow keys. Press ENTER.
 4.  Type the subject, author's name, or title that you wish to search. Press ENTER.
 5.  You may view documents by pressing ENTER to highlight the terms that are of interest.
    More than one term may be highlighted at once.
 6.  Press F10. A list of brief citations will appear. Press ENTER to select titles of interest,
    and press F10 again.  The full citations will now appear.
 7.  To post a Keyword found in a browse index to the Search Workspace, position the
    cursor at the keyword and press CTRL V. These items may now be combined using the
    CS command.
                          HOW TO DISPLAY RECORDS

 1.  After you have completed a search, you may view records by pressing F10. The first
    display will be a list of brief citations.
 2.  Press ENTER to select those items in the Brief Citation List for which you want
    to view full citations, or press CTRL X to select all items on the screen. Pressing the
    F10 key again will call up the full record for the first item that you highlighted.
 3.  Use the + key to move to the next record. Use the arrow keys to view parts of a record
    that do not fit on a screen.
                      HOW TO PRINT AND DOWNLOAD

Printing
1.  Once you have entered the appropriate search terms, press F10 to view brief citations.
2.  Use the arrow keys to move up and down the list of tides. Press ENTER to highlight
   those you wish to print. If no items are selected all items on the screen will print.
3.  Press F5. Use arrow keys to choose brief or full citations.
4.  Press ENTER to confirm information and print.
5.  Pressing F10 will allow you to view the full citation.
6.  While viewing a full citation, only one full citation may be printed at a time. Press F5 to
   print.
                                        44

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Downloading
1.  Follow step 1 in How to Print.
2.  While viewing the brief citations, items selected (by pressing ENTER) can be saved to
   disk. Press F4 (Save).
3.  Using the arrow keys, highlight either brief or full citations. Press ENTER.
4.  Type in drive and file name for output. Example amyfile. Press ENTER.
5.  While viewing a full citation (by pressing F10), only one full citation can be saved at a
   time. Press F4 (Save).
                      TIPS AND ADVANCED FEATURES

1.  Truncation:
    a. The ? symbol is used to indicate a one-character wildcard.
                  Example: wom?nfor woman and women.
    b. The $ symbol is used to indicate multiple-character wildcards at the end of a word.
                 Example: environment$ for environmentalist or environmental.
2.  Limiters are used to include or exclude types of materials when searching. Because
   PAIS covers items from 1972-1992, it is useful to limit by year (YR).

                  Example: cs=l and yr=91 will limit the set of documents to items published
                  in 1991;
                  kw=air pollution and yr>88 will limit the set of documents to items
                  published after 1988.

3.  PAIS ignores differences between upper and lower case letters.
4.  If you are unsure about what key to press, look at the bottom of the screen where useful
   information is displayed, or ask any library staff for assistance.
                        HOW TO EXIT THE DATABASE
1.  Press ESC until you are at the WELCOME SCREEN.
2.  Use the arrow keys to move to OPTIONS on the Menu Bar.
3.  Arrow down to QUIT PAIS ON CD-ROM. Press ENTER.
                                        45

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46

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                                              TOXLINE contains data from the files of the
                                              National Library of Medicine's toxicology database.
                                              Toxline contains references to published material
                                              and research in progress in the fields of toxicology.
                                              Updated: Quarterly
                                 IMPORTANT KEYS

FlHelp              F3 Guide                  F5   Index        F7 Restart
F2Find               F4 Display Records          F6   Print         ESC Previous Screen
    The TOXLINE database is menu driven and offers several options for searching. The system
automatically defaults to the Find mode. To choose an alternative option press ESC. A command
menu will appear at the bottom of the screen. Use the space bar to highlight the desired command
and press ENTER.
                                  HOW TO SEARCH
      1. Press F2 to activate the Find command. At the Find prompt type in the word or
       phrase you wish to search and press ENTER.
                 Example: lead intoxication.
      2. A window containing the words you enter and the number of records will appear on
       the screen. Multiple sets of records may be  combined using the words AND and
       OR.
                 Example: #2 AND #2, where #1 and #2 refer to the search set number.
      3. It is also possible to limit the search to title or author.
                 Examples:    To limit to authorCfeeney in au
                 Examples:    To limit to ti\\e:childhood in ti.

                             HOW TO DISPLAY RECORDS

      1. To display records press F4. The system will display your most recent search.
      2. All fields for all records will be displayed. If you want to change the display, type O
       (Options). Change "Fields to Display" to Citn for a brief display. Change "Records to
       Display" to the numbers you wish to view.
                 Example: 1-10. Use tab or cursor  to move between fields.
      3. While viewing, it is possible to "MARK" records for printing or downloading. "Mark
       Record" should be highlighted in the menu at the bottom of the screen. Press ENTER
       to Mark, Press ENTER again to Unmark the record.
      4. Use Page Up and Page Down to move from one record to another.
      5. To display records from a previous set,  type the  search number at the Find prompt,
       then press F4.
                                         47

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                   HOW TO PRINT AND DOWNLOAD

 Printing
 1. To print your most recent search press F6.
 2. The print menu will appear on the screen. The default setting is CllN (citation). To
   change the print settings, type C (Change Options). Use cursor or tab to move between
   fields.
 3. To print complete records, including abstracts, change "Fields to Print" to ALL.
 4. "Records to Print" will be those you MARKED while in the Display mode. If no records
   were marked, ALL records will print. This default may be changed by typing in the
   desired number of records to print. Example: 1-10.
 5. To print records from an earlier search, retype the search number you want printed at the
   "Find" prompt.  Example: Find: #2. Then press F6.

 Downloading
 1. Press ESC, then D. The DOWNLOAD menu will appear on the screen.
 2. The system will download to your disc in the A: drive. The file will be named
   Download.doc.  To change the file name, type C (Change Options). Arrow down to
   "Filename" and type in the desired name.
 3. Follow steps 3 and 4 in HOW TO PRINT to change other downloading formats.
 4. To download records from a previous search follow step 5 in HOW TO PRINT.
                   TIPS AND ADVANCED FEATURES

1. Place the truncation symbol * at the end of a word or word root to retrieve records
   containing any word beginning with those characters. Example: environment* will
   retrieve environmentalist, environmental, and environment.
2. The following operators are useful in more specific searches:
      term  example        finds
      near  lead near blood   records containing lead and blood in the same sentence

      with  lead with blood   records containing lead and blood in the same field
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    Commands - You will find the command line at the bottom of the screen. Cursor
                  to your selection. Press ENTER to select.

Download   Save the results of a search to disk.
Find        Search the database for any keywords
Index       Identify terms that indexers use to describe a subject. Use to locate keyword.
Print        Output your search results to a printer.
Show       Display retrieved records.
Index
1. The index is used to select subject terms or keywords.
2. Press F5. The following prompt will appear: INDEX word to look up.  Type in a
  subject term and press ENTER.
3. An alphabetical list of index terms will appear. Use the arrow keys to position the
  cursor beside the desired terms and press ENTER. Pressing F (Find) will post these
  terms to the search workspace where they can be combined with other terms.
4. Terms selected from the index will appear connected by OR in the search workspace.
                        HOW TO EXIT THE DATABASE
1. Press ESC until the Command Menu appears at the bottom of the screen.
2. Press Q to Quit.
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                  CD-ROM TOWER
          TECHNICAL ADDENDUM
     To successfully access information from the U.S. EPA Headquarters Library CD-
ROM Tower, a user's workstation must meet the following 4 minimum conditions:
     1)   640 kilobytes (K) of RAM.
     2)   2.5 Megabytes (M) of local hard drive space available.
     3)   At least 540 K RAM free after loading all network drivers
          and TSRs on the workstation.
     4)   An environment space of 2048 bytes or greater.

A. Specific Memory Requirements

     Product               Memory (K)       Disk Storage (M)
CD-ROM Drivers*
     NWDRIVER           12.3                 N/A
     CDNETEX            25.4                 N/A

CD-ROM Programs
     DIALOG             512                 N/A
     FAR/FERMR          500                 N/A
     FEDERAL REGISTER    512                 N/A
     MEDLINE             500                 2.5
     PAIS                 528                 N/A
     TOXLINE             500                 2.5

* Neither CD-ROM driver has been successfully loaded with DOS 5.0. According to the
documentation, both CD-ROM drivers can be loaded high with the 386ToMAX
software program.
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 B. Network Drive Mappings

       The CDNET and CD-Menu Software has been configured to temporarily map the
 following drives to a CD-ROM Tower user's workstation:

       Drive      Mapping Software       Purpose

       E          CDNET drivers         Access CD-ROM Disc Files

       K          Novell drive           Access CDNET Software
                                        (DCHQLJB File Server)

       L          Novell drive           Access CD-ROM Programs
                                        (DCHQLIB File Server)


 Possible drive conflicts with U.S. EPA Hardware and Software

 Drive E

       - Local hard drive with three partitions (C/D/E)

       - Arbiter software (maps 1 or 2 drives from config.sys)

       - Secondary storage devices (Bernoulli Boxes, tape devices or  multiple hard
 drives).
       To enable CD-ROM Tower access with an external Bernoulli Box, the U.S.EPA
 Library restarts a public PC after turning the Bernoulli system off. The EPA Library has
 also remedied Arbiter conflicts by reconfiguring to a single Arbiter drive map (D).

 Drives K and L

       - Drive(s) in use as part of primary LAN configuration.
      The batch files, CDNET.BAT and CD-MENU.BAT, can be copied to the user's
 workstation or network file server and modified to conform with specific LAN systems.
 Please contact your LAN Administrator for further information.

 NOTE:   The CD-ROM programs and CDNET Software are copyrighted software
 available for Agency-wide use under the auspices of the U.S. EPA Headquarters Library.

 *** PLEASE DO NOT MAKE COPIES OF THE CDNET SOFTWARE (DRIVE K:) OR
 THE CD-ROM PROGRAMS (DRIVE L:)***

 C. Printing

      The CD-ROM Programs are configured to print to a HP LaserJet CPCL) printer on
LPTL All software was setup this way to allow consistent printing access for all local
patrons of the U.S. EPA Library LAN. Please redirect all output to a suitable printer for
best results.
      IfnoPCL-comi
the search results to
npliant printers are available through the user's local LAN, capture
diskette and print the information down at the WIG
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