f/EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Pesticides
Washington DC 20460
EPA-540/9-78-004
Evaluation of Hose-end
Sprayers Used for
Applying Liquid
Pesticides
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EPA-540/9-78-004
EVALUATION OF HOSE-END SPRAYERS USED FOR APPLYING LIQUID PESTICIDES
by
H. L. Dooley and A. A. Badiei
Northwest Biological Investigations Station
Plant Biology Laboratory
3320 Orchard Avenue
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pesticide Programs
Technical Services Division
Chemical and Biological Investigations Branch
Northwest Biological Investigations Station
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
ii
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ABSTRACT
Nineteen garden hose-end sprayers used for applying agricultural chemi-
cals were evaluated for delivery rates, spray patterns, and total spray
emitted per unit of time. Sprayers were evaluated at 137.88, 206.82, and
275.76 KPa (20, 30, and 40 psi) water pressures. Each sprayer type is
discussed individually.
Eight sprayer types had acceptable delivery rates (+ 10%) at 137.88
and 206.82 KPa (20 and 30 psi) water pressures. Twelve sprayer types had
acceptable delivery rates at 275.76 KPa (40 psi) water pressure. Delivery
rate variation of other sprayer types ranged from no application of pesticide
to 105% above the desired rate.
Sprayer delivery volumes ranged from 1.86 to 12.66 liters (0.49 to 3.34
U. S. gallons) per minute.
Spray patterns are shown for each sprayer type.
Hose-end sprayers are easy to use, economical, and in some cases have
acceptable accuracy when used as directed.
EPA-540/9-78-004
Key words: Sprayer evaluation, Hose-end sprayers, Pesticide sprayers, Home
garden sprayers, Spray volume, Spray patterns, Delivery rates.
iii
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CONTENTS
Abstract ill
Acknowledgements v
I Introduction 1
II Conclusions and Recommendations 2
III Materials and Methods 3
IV Ortho Spray-ette 4 5
V Ortho Super Six Spray-ette 8
VI Ortho Lawn Sprayer 10
VII Ortho Lawn and Garden Sprayer 12
VIII New Hayes Insecticide Sprayer No. 101 15
IX Hayes Flower Sprayer No. H-4 17
X Hayes Soil and Turf Sprayer No. H-10 19
XI Hayes Fertilizer Sprayer No. 102 21
XII Miller's Six Shooter Hose-end Sprayer 23
XIII Miller's Big 15 Hose-end Sprayer 25
XIV Burgess Redimix 6 Gallon Hose-end Plant,
Shrub, and Tree Sprayer 27
XV Burgess 3 in 1 Redimix Hose-end All Purpose
Sprayer 29
XVI Big Andy 20 Gallon Fertilizer Sprayer No. A-21 ... 32
XVII Big Andy 6 Gallon Insecticide Sprayer No. A-7 ... 34
XVIII Gilmour Air-0-Matic 362 Sprayer 36
XIX Melnor Deluxe Ail-Purpose Garden Gun 38
XX Vigoro Lawn-Weed-N-Feed Sprayer 42
XXI Burgess Redimix 2 Gallon Hose-end Wettable
Powder Sprayer 44
TABLES
Table 1. Comparison between expected and actual delivery rate
values of hose-end sprayers at three water pressures
Table 2. Volume of mixed spray delivered per unit of time
when using 30 psi (206.82 KPa) water pressure. . . .
Table 3. Delivery values of sprayers of the same type when
using 20 psi (137.88 KPa) water pressure
Table 4. Delivery values of sprayers of the same type when
using 30 psi (206.82 KPa) water pressure
Table 5. Delivery values of sprayers of the same type when
using 40 psi (275.76 KPa) water pressure
Table 6. Delivery values of sprayer types when using three
water pressures
45
46
47
48
49
50
iv
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This investigation was made possible as a Special Project Number
NWBIS/PBC-2 and by approval (Number BR-47) of the Chemical and Biological
Investigations Branch, Technical Services Division of the U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
We would like to acknowledge the assistance of Lemac Hopkins, Jack
Hadley, and Stanley Eubanks of Chevron Chemical Company, Sol Goldberg of
Melnor Industries, and Ron Enghard of Hayes Products for furnishing sprayers
and product information used in this study.
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SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
Garden hose-end sprayers are becoming more popular for home and garden
application of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and fertilizers. Due
to consumer demand, an increasing number of these sprayers have been
developed for specific and multiple uses. Hose-end sprayers are now commonly
recommended on the labels of pesticide products,
A literature review did not reveal any information on the rate of appli-
cation, spray pattern or any other parameters of these devices. Personal
communication with manufacturing firms yielded no significant information
either. This study was undertaken to examine hose-end sprayers for their:
1) delivery rates; 2) spray patterns; and 3) the total volume of spray
emitted per unit of time.
In this manuscript each sprayer is placed in a separate section to
broaden its utility. Under each section the following items are discussed:
1) Name of the device, its manufacturer or for whom the device is made;
2) Major features of the device; 3) Statistical analysis of delivery rate
concentration obtained at several water pressures; 4) Statistical analysis
of delivery rate concentration obtained between like devices; 5) Mathe-
matical analysis of delivery rate concentration with expected concentration;
6) Volume of spray emitted per unit of time; and 7) Spray patterns produced
by the sprayer.
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SECTION II
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Hose-end sprayers are easy to use, economical, and in most cases have
acceptable accuracy when used as directed.
For reasons of safety, efficacy, and environmental concerns a device
used for the application of agricultural chemicals should be reasonably
accurate. An unwritten rule among spray applicators is that the sprayer
should deliver the product at a rate within 10% of the desired rate. Appli-
cation rates outside this range are unacceptable.
In this study, eight sprayer types had acceptable range of application
rate of + 10% when using 20 and 30 psi water pressures and twelve were accept-
able when using ,40 psi water pressure. Others showed slight to considerable
variation from the desired delivery rate. An over-application of 105% to no
application at all of the product occurred within this group. More precise
engineering of orifices would increase the accuracy in delivery rate.
Deflectors on some units rendered the spray patterns uneven. These de-
flectors need to be reexamined and the cause of their malfunctioning removed.
Some sprayers have such copious delivery volumes that the operator
cannot keep up with the fast disappearing chemical in the container. This
defect should and could easily be eliminated.
Devices that require placing the thumb or finger over a control hole are
awkward to use. Also these same devices lack a shut-off control and there-
fore spray just water before the control hole is covered. This is an unde-
sirable feature which should be rectified in order to minimize the wastage of
water and more importantly to eliminate the possibility of wetting down the
foliage before the application of mixed spray.
Many of the hose-end sprayers are recommended or allowed to be used for
the application of a variety of agricultural chemicals including herbicides.
These sprayers should have a cautionary statement to the users and some in-
structions in the method of cleaning them so that no herbicidal damage will
result at their subsequent use for the application of other chemicals.
Only the Gilmour Air-0-Matic 362 sprayer has an anti-siphon built into
the sprayer. This should be considered by other manufacturers to prevent
possible contamination of domestic water supply.
Hose-end sprayers need further development and proper quality control
to increase their usefulness to the pesticide users.
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SECTION III
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nineteen different garden hose-end sprayers, purchased locally or con-
tributed by industry, were evaluated. Fourteen sprayer types were repre-
sented by three sprayers each. Because of unavailability, four sprayer types
were represented by a single unit, and one sprayer type with two units.
Most of the sprayers had one setting only, but a few had two or more. Those
sprayers in which both liquid and wettable powder chemicals could be used
were evaluated with liquid only.
The delivery rate for each sprayer was determined using three water
pressures, i.e., 20 psi (137.88 KPa), 30 psi (206.82 KPa), and 40 psi
(275.76 KPa) and by following sprayer label directions. The maximum tap
water pressure at the test site was 53 psi (365.38 KPa). Due to the fluc-
tuation in the tap water pressure and the lower limit of the regulator
valve, 40 psi was set as the upper limit and 20 psi as the lower limit in
water pressure used.
Water pressure was regulated using a Webster regulator valve No. 50 UB.
The garden hose, regulator valve, gauge, and sprayer assembly is shown in
Figure 1.
Figure 1. Garden hose, regulator valve, gauge, and sprayer assembly.
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Spray delivery rate - Potassium permanganate (KMnO.) at a concentration
of 2,000 parts per million (ppm)(Wt/vol.) was used as the test material.
Measured volumes of this stock solution and water were put into the con-
tainer of each sprayer under test. The ratios between the chemical and water
volumes were prescribed on the sprayer label. Water pressure was adjusted
while the sprayer was turned on. Three samples of the emitted spray were
collected for 3 seconds each. Each sample represented a replication. In
the case of Gilmore Air-0-Matic 362 sprayer, however, only two samples were
collected, and only KMnO, was placed in the sprayer container.
The optical density of each sample was determined on a Bausch and Lomb
Spectronic 20 Spectrophotometer at the 525 my setting. The optical density
reading was then converted to ppm concentration read from a previously
constructed standard curve. This procedure was repeated for each sprayer at
the three water pressure settings.
Spray patterns - Spray pattern for each sprayer was determined by
placing a strong solution of methylene blue in the sprayer container. The
target was blotting paper either 2 feet x 2.5 feet (0.61 m x 0.76 m) or
A feet x 2.5 feet (1.22 m x 0.76 m) depending on the width of the emitted
spray. The blotting paper was sprayed while holding the sprayer 5 feet
(1.52 m) away and spraying with an upward sweeping motion. Thirty psi water
pressure only was used in these determinations.
Delivered spray volumes - The total volume of spray delivered per unit
of time was determined using 30 psi water pressure. Water alone was put
into the sprayer container. The emitted spray was collected for 5 seconds
in a conical flask and its volume determined. This procedure was repeated
three times.
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SECTION IV
ORTHO SPRAY-ETTE 4
Figure 2. Ortho Spray-ette 4
Ortho Spray-ette 4 (Figure 2) is manufactured for Chevron Chemical
Company, Ortho Division. It was designed for applying herbicides, insecti-
cides, fungicides, and fertilizers and has a maximum delivery capacity of
4 gallons of diluted spray. This device has an adjustable spray deflector
for directing the spray in any direction. The pesticide must be mixed with
water in the sprayer container, which allows both liquid and wettable powder
pesticides to be used.
Forty-five ml of KMnO, stock solution and 450 ml of water were put into
the sprayer container for determining delivery rate accuracy. This mixture
should have allowed the emitted spray to equal 1 tablespoonful of pesticide
per gallon of water. The delivery rates of sprayers did not vary signifi-
cantly as a result of water pressure (Table 6). Individual sprayers were
significantly different at the 5% level in delivery rates while using 20 psi
water pressure (Table 3). Delivery rates of the sprayers were not signifi-
cantly different at 30 and 40 psi water pressures (Tables 4 and 5).
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Figure 3. Ortho Spray-ette A Spray pattern tested at 30 psi water pressure,
at a distance of 5 feet.
Spray-8tte4
*PPl*SUPT04G»UO«S
OF FINISHED SPRAY
Figure A. New Ortho Spray-ette
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Comparison of expected delivery rates and actual delivery rates obtained
are given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the deviation from the
expected values in ppm.
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 177 ml
(Table 2) and was equal to 0.56 U. S. gallon per minute.
The spray pattern of the Ortho Spray-ette 4 is shown in Figure 3.
The Ortho Spray-ette 4 does not have an on and off control. A suction
must be created by placing the thumb over the control hole to properly mix
chemical with water emitted. These deficiencies have been corrected by the
New Ortho Spray-ette 4 (Figure 4) which was not evaluated.
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SECTION V
ORTHO SUPER SIX SPRAY-ETTE
Figure 5. Ortho Super Six Spray-ette
Ortho Super Six Spray-ette (Figure 5) is manufactured for Chevron Chemi-
cal Company, Ortho Division. This sprayer was designed for the application
of Ortho products such as herbicides and insecticides. It has a maximum
delivery capacity of 6 gallons of diluted spray. It has an on and off con-
trol valve. The deflector is adjustable for directing the spray in all
directions. The pesticide must be mixed with water in the sprayer container,
which allows both liquid and wettable powder pesticides to be used.
Sixty ml of KMnO/ stock solution and 580 ml of water were put into the
sprayer container, bringing the solution to the 4-gallon mark on the con-
tainer, for determining delivery rate accuracy. This mixture should have
allowed the emitted spray to equal 1 tablespoonful of pesticide per gallon
of water. Delivery rates of sprayers did not vary significantly as a result
of water pressure (Table 6). Sprayer 1 was significantly different in
delivery rate from the other sprayers when using 20 psi water pressure
(Table 3). Individual sprayers were significantly different in delivery
rates at the 5% level while using 30 psi water pressure (Table 4). Individual
sprayers were not significantly different in their delivery rates while using
40 psi water pressure (Table 5).
8
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Comparison of expected delivery rates and actual delivery rates
obtained are given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the devia-
tion from the expected values in ppm. The delivery rates of this sprayer
ranged from 18 to 20% above the expected delivery rate and were unacceptable,
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 158 ml
(Table 2) and was equal to 0.5 U. S. gallon per minute.
The spray pattern of the Ortho Super Six Spray-ette is shown in
Figure 6.
Figure 6. Ortho Super Six Spray-ette spray pattern tested at 30 psi water
pressure, at a distance of 5 feet.
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SECTION VI
ORTHO LAWN SPRAYER
:i
'AIM
lawn
Figure / Ortho Lawn Sprayer
Ortho Lawn Sprayer (Figure 7) is manufactured for Chevron Chemical
Company, Ortho Division. This sprayer was designed to apply liquid ferti-
lizers, herbicides, and soil insecticides. It has a maximum delivery
capacity of 15 gallons of diluted spray. Chemical and water must be mixed
in proper proportions in the sprayer container, which allows both liquid and
wettable powder chemicals to be used.
One hundred and twenty ml of KMnO^ stock solution and 390 ml of water
were put into the sprayer container for determining delivery rate accuracy.
This mixture should have allowed the emitted spray to equal 1 tablespoonful
of chemical per gallon of water. The delivery rates of the sprayers did not
vary significantly as a result of water pressure (Table 6). Individual
sprayers did vary significantly at the 5% level from one another in delivery
rate at all three water pressures (Tables 3, A, and 5). Only two sprayers
were available for evaluation.
Comparison of expected delivery rates and actual delivery rates are
given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the deviation from the
10
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expected values in ppm. The delivery rates of this sprayer ranged from 4 to
8% above the expect delivery rate and were within the acceptable range.
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 1,055 ml
(Table 2) and was equal to 3.34 U. S. gallons per minute.
The spray pattern of the Ortho Lawn Sprayer is shown in Figure 8.
•
Figure 8. Ortho Lawn Sprayer spray pattern tested at 30 psi water pressure,
at a distance of 5 feet.
This sprayer's deficiencies are: The absence of an on and off control;
a suction must be created by placing the thumb over a control hole to mix
chemical with emitted water; and the spray pattern is fixed by the sprayer
nozzle.
11
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SECTION VII
ORTHO LAWN AND GARDEN SPRAYER
"0OTHO
Lawn tad
Garden
Figure 9. Ortho Lawn and Garden Sprayer
Ortho Lawn and Garden Sprayer (Figure 9) is manufactured for Chevron
Chemical Company, Ortho Division. This sprayer was designed to apply insec-
ticides, fungicides, herbicides, and fertilizers to shrubs, flowers, lawns,
and trees. The sprayer has four settings. "Up Foliage and Foliage" setting
is used to spray the under side of leaves. "Down Foliage and Foliage" is
used to spray the top side of leaves and lawn grasses. "Jet Foliage and
Foliage" setting is used for spraying large shrubs and trees. "Down Soil
and Soil" setting is used to apply insecticides and fertilizers to the soil.
The deflector for each setting is built into the sprayer. This sprayer has
an on and off control. A button for filling the sprayer container without
disconnecting the garden hose is available on this unit.
The accuracy of this sprayer's delivery rate at three water pressures
and two settings was determined by putting 120 ml of KMnO, stock solution
and 490 ml of water into the sprayer container. This mixture should have
allowed the emitted spray to equal 2 tablespoonsful of chemical per gallon
of water.
12
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Figure 10. Ortho Lawn and Garden Sprayer spray pattern tested at the setting
"Jet Foliage and Foliage," when using 30 psi water pressure, at a
distance of 5 feet.
No significant differences were found in the delivery rates, at the
"Down Foliage and Foliage" setting, as a result of water pressure (Table 6).
All individual sprayers were different in delivery rates when using 20 psi
water pressure (Table 3). Sprayer 1 was significantly different in delivery
rate from sprayer 3 when using 30 psi water pressure (Table 4). Sprayer 3
was significantly different in delivery rate from the other two sprayers
while using 40 psi water pressure (Table 5).
At the setting of "Down Soil and Soil," no significant differences
between delivery rates were observed due to water pressure (Table 6).
Sprayer 2 had a delivery rate which was significantly different from the
other sprayers while using 20 psi water pressure (Table 3). No significant
differences in delivery rates of individual sprayers existed while using
30 and 40 psi water pressure (Tables 4 and 5).
"Up Foliage and Foliage" and "Jet Foliage and Foliage" settings were
not evaluated for delivery rate accuracy in this study.
Comparison of expected delivery rates and actual delivery rates obtained
are given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the deviation from
the expected values in ppm. The delivery rates of this sprayer at the "Down
Soil and Soil" setting ranged from 5 to 6% above the expected delivery rate
and were acceptable. The delivery rates of this sprayer at the "Down
13
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Foliage and Foliage" setting ranged from A to 6% below the expected delivery
rate and were within the acceptable range of + 10%.
Figure 11. Ortho Lawn and Garden Sprayer'spray pattern tested at the
setting "Up Foliage and Foliage," while using 30 psi water
pressure, at a distance of 5 feet.
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 492 ml (1.56
U. S. gallons per minute) and 183 ml (0.58 U. S. gallon per minute) when
using "Down Soil and Soil" and "Down Foliage and Foliage" settings respec-
tively (Table 2).
The spray patterns of the Ortho Lawn and Garden Sprayer are shown in
Figures 10 and 11.
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SECTION VIII
NEW HAYES INSECTICIDE SPRAYER NO. 101
Figure 12. New Hayes Insecticide Sprayer No. 101
New Hayes Insecticide Sprayer No. 101 (Figure 12) is manufactured by
Hayes Products Division of The Leisure Group, Inc. This sprayer was designed
for applying insecticides and has a maximum delivery capacity of 3 gallons of
diluted spray. It has an adjustable deflector for spraying in any direction.
The chemical must be mixed with water in the sprayer container, allowing both
liquid and wettable powder chemical use.
Ninety ml of KMnO^ stock solution and 385 ml of water were put into the
sprayer container for determining delivery rate accuracy. This should allow
the emitted spray to equal 2 tablespoonsful of chemical per gallon of water.
Delivery rates of the sprayers did not vary significantly as a result of
water pressure (Table 6). One of three individual sprayers was significantly
different in delivery rate at each of the three water pressures tested
(Tables 3, A, and 5).
Comparison of expected delivery rates and actual delivery rates obtained
are given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the deviation from the
expected values in ppm. The delivery rates of this sprayer ranged from
15
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11 to 12% below the expected delivery rate and were only marginally
acceptable.
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 185 ml
(Table 2) and was equal to 0.59 U. S. gallon per minute.
The spray pattern for this sprayer is shown in Figure 13.
~T~ J' • y
^i- f)Sff-r A.'' ~v
Figure 13. New Hayes Insecticide Sprayer No. 101 spray pattern tested at
30 psi water pressure, at a distance of 5 feet.
This sprayer's deficiencies are: the absence of an on and off control;
and a suction must be created by placing the thumb over a control hole to
mix chemical with emitted water.
16
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SECTION IX
HAYES FLOWER SPRAYER NO. H-4
Hayes
Flower
Sprayer
Figure 14. Hayes Flower Sprayer No. H-4
Hayes Flower Sprayer No. H-4 (Figure 14) is manufactured by Hayes
Products Division of The Leisure Group, Inc. It is an all-purpose fertilizer
and insecticide sprayer for all garden flowers, plants, shrubs, and trees,
and has a maximum delivery capacity of 4 gallons of diluted spray. This
sprayer has an on and off control as well as an adjustable spray deflector
for spraying in any direction.
Ninety ml of KMnO^ stock solution and 375 ml of water were put into the
sprayer container for determining delivery rate accuracy. This mixture
should allow the emitted spray to equal 2 tablespoonsful of chemical per
gallon of water. Delivery rates of the sprayers did not vary significantly
due to water pressure (Table 6). Individual sprayers were significantly
different from one another in delivery rates while using 20 psi water
pressure (Table 3). One sprayer of the three tested was significantly
different in delivery rates while using 30 and 40 psi water pressures
(Tables 4 and 5).
17
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Comparison of expected delivery rates and actual delivery rates obtained
are given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the deviation from the
expected values in ppm. This sprayer was outstandingly accurate.
The spray pattern for this sprayer is shown in Figure 15.
ER
v
Figure 15. Spray pattern delivered by the Hayes Flower Sprayer No. H-4
when using 30 psi water pressure, at a distance of 5 feet.
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 175 ml
(Table 2) and was equal to 0.55 U. S. gallon per minute.
18
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SECTION X
HAYES SOIL AND TURF SPRAYER NO. H-10
Soil&Turf
Sprayer
Figure 16. Hayes Soil and Turf Sprayer No. H-10
Hayes Soil and Turf Sprayer No. H-10 (Figure 16) is manufactured by
Hayes Products Division of The Leisure Group, Inc. It has a maximum delivery
capacity of 10 gallons of diluted spray and is used for spraying fertilizers,
soil chemicals, heavy viscous materials, and herbicides. This sprayer has
a fixed deflector directing the spray downward. The chemical is mixed with
water in the sprayer container, allowing both liquid and wettable powder
chemicals to be used.
One hundred and fifty ml of KMnO^ stock solution and 290 ml of water
were put into the sprayer container for determining delivery rate accuracy.
This mixture should equal 2 tablespoonsful of chemical per gallon of water
in the emitted spray. Delivery rates of the sprayers did not vary signifi-
cantly as a result of water pressure (Table 6). The delivery rates of all
individual sprayers were significantly different while using 20 and 40 psi
water pressures (Tables 3 and 5), and one sprayer of the three tested was
significantly different when using 30 psi water pressure (Table 4).
Comparison of expected delivery rates and actual delivery rates obtained
are given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the deviation from
19
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the expected values in ppm. The delivery rates of this sprayer ranged from
9 to 7% above the expected delivery rate when using 30 and 40 psi water
pressure respectively and were within the acceptable range; however, at 20
psi water pressure, the sprayer delivered 21% above the expected rate and
was unacceptable.
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 885 ml
(Table 2) and was equal to 2.81 U. S. gallons per minute.
The spray pattern consisted of large droplets and is shown in Figure 17
Figure 17. Spray pattern of Hayes Soil and Turf Sprayer No. H-10 when
tested using 30 psi water pressure, at a distance of 5 feet.
This sprayer does not have an on and off control; therefore, water is
sprayed until covering the control hole with the thumb.
20
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SECTION XI
HAYES FERTILIZER SPRAYER NO. 102
Hayes
Fertilize
Sprayer
Figure 18. Hayes Fertilizer Sprayer No. 102
Hayes Fertilizer Sprayer No. 102 (Figure 18) is manufactured by Hayes
Products Division of The Leisure Group, Inc. This sprayer is used to apply
fertilizers to lawns and gardens as well as semi-soluble and viscous solu-
tions. It has a maximum spray delivery capacity of 20 gallons. Chemicals
used in this sprayer must be diluted with water in the sprayer container,
allowing both liquid and wettable powder chemical use.
One hundred and fifty ml of KMnO/ stock solution and 315 ml of water
were put into the sprayer container for determining delivery rate accuracy
and would allow the emitted spray dilution to equal 1 tablespoonful of chemi-
cal per gallon of water. Delivery rates of the sprayers did not vary signi-
ficantly as a result of water pressure (Table 6). One of three sprayers had
a significantly different delivery rate while using three water pressures
tested (Tables 3, 4, and 5).
Comparison of expected delivery rates and delivery rates actually ob-
tained are given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the deviation
from the expected values in ppm. The delivery rates of this sprayer ranged
21
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from 11 to 34% above the expected delivery rate and were unacceptable,
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 875 ml
(Table 2) and was equal to 2.77 U. S. gallons per minute.
The spray pattern for this sprayer is shown in Figure 19.
Figure 19. Spray pattern of the Hayes Fertilizer Sprayer No. 102 when tested
using 30 psi water pressure, at a distance of 5 feet.
This sprayer does not have an on and off control.
22
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SECTION XII
MILLER'S SIX SHOOTER HOSE-END SPRAYER
.
,1
»SIX
—
SHOOTEI
Figure 20. Miller's Six Shooter Hose-end Sprayer
Miller's Six Shooter Hose-«nd Sprayer (Figure 20) is manufactured by
The Chas. H. Lilly Company. This sprayer is used to apply insecticides,
fungicides, and fertilizers to trees, gardens, flowers, and shrubs. The
sprayer is equipped with an on and off control and an adjustable deflector
for spraying in any direction. The chemical is mixed with water in the
sprayer container, allowing both liquid and wettable powder use.
Sixty ml of KMnO/ stock solution and 310 ml of water were put into the
sprayer container for determining delivery rate accuracy. This mixture
should allow the emitted spray to equal 2 tablespoonsful of chemical per
gallon of water. Delivery rates of the sprayers were significantly effected
by 20 psi water pressure (Table 6). No significant difference in delivery
rates of individual sprayers resulted from water pressures of 20 and 30 psi
(Tables 3 and A). One of the three sprayers was significantly different in
delivery rate while using 40 psi water pressure (Table 5).
Comparison of expected delivery rates and delivery rates actually ob-
tained are given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the deviation
23
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from the expected values in ppm. The delivery rate, at 20 psi water pressure,
was 4% below the expected value and was within the acceptable range. However,
the delivery rates at 30 and 40 psi water pressures were 13 and 16% below the
expected value and were marginally acceptable.
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 318 ml (Table
2) and was equal to 1.01 U. S. gallons per minute.
The spray pattern for this sprayer is shown in Figure 21.
Figure 21. Spray pattern of Miller's Six Shooter Hose-end Sprayer when
tested at 30 psi water pressure, at a distance of 5 feet.
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SECTION XIII
MILLER'S BIG 15 HOSE-END SPRAYER
Figure 22. Miller's Big 15 Hose-end Sprayer
Miller's Big 15 Hose-end Sprayer (Figure 22) is manufactured by The
Chas. H. Lilly Company. It has a maximum delivery capacity of 15 gallons
of diluted spray and was designed for applying liquid fertilizers, herbicides,
and soil insecticides to lawns, flower beds, and large areas. This sprayer
has an on and off control; an adjustable deflector for directing the spray in
any direction; and the chemical is mixed with water in the sprayer container,
allowing both liquid and wettable chemical use.
One hundred and twenty ml of KMnO^ stock solution and 185 ml of water
were put into the sprayer container for determining delivery rate accuracy.
This mixture was equal to 2 tablespoonsful of chemical per gallon of water.
Delivery rates of the sprayer did not vary significantly as a result of water
pressure (Table 6). One of three sprayers was significantly different in
delivery rate while using 20 and 40 psi water pressures (Tables 3 and 5).
All sprayers were significantly different in their delivery rates while
using 30 psi water pressure (Table A).
25
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Comparison of expected delivery rates and delivery rates actually ob-
tained are given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the deviation
from the expected values in ppm. All values were within the acceptable range
of + 10%. This sprayer was outstandingly accurate.
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 388 ml
(Table 2) and was equal to 1.23 U. S. gallons per minute.
The spray pattern of this sprayer is shown in Figure 23.
Figure 23. Spray pattern of Miller's Big 15 Hose-end Sprayer when tested
using 30 psi water pressure, at a distance of 5 feet.
26
-------
SECTION XIV
BURGESS REDIMIX 6 GALLON HOSE-END PLANT, SHRUB, AND TREE SPRAYER
Figure 24. Burgess Redimix 6 Gallon Hose-end Plant, Shrub, and Tree Sprayer
Burgess Redimix 6 Gallon Hose-end Plant, Shrub, and Tree Sprayer (Figure
24) is manufactured by Burgess Vibrocrafters, Inc. It has a maximum delivery
capacity of 6 gallons of diluted spray and was designed for applying liquid
insecticides, plant foods, and fungicides to plants, shrubs, fruit trees, and
ornamentals. It has an on and off control and a fixed spray deflector.
Sixty ml of KMnO, stock solution and 232 ml of water were put into the
sprayer container for determining delivery rate accuracy and should equal
2 tablespoonsful of chemical per gallon of water in the emitted spray.
Delivery rates of the sprayer did not vary significantly as a result of water
pressure (Table 6). One of three sprayers was significantly different in
delivery rate at the three water pressures tested (Tables 3, 4, and 5).
Comparison of expected delivery rates and delivery rates actually ob-
tained are given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the deviation
from the expected values in ppm. This sprayer was outstandingly accurate
and all values were within the acceptable range of + 10%.
27
-------
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 273 ml
(Table 2) and was equal to 0.87 U. S. gallon per minute.
The spray pattern of this sprayer is shown in Figure 25.
Figure 25. Spray pattern of Burgess Redimix 6 Gallon Hose-end Plant, Shrub,
and Tree Sprayer when tested using 30 psi water pressure, at a
distance of 5 feet.
28
-------
SECTION XV
BURGESS 3 IN 1 REDIMIX HOSE-END ALL PURPOSE SPRAYER
Figure 26. Burgess 3 in 1 Redimix Hose-End All Purpose Sprayer
Burgess 3 in 1 Redimix Hose-end All Purpose Sprayer (Figure 26) is manu-
factured by Burgess Vibrocrafters, Inc. It has a maximum delivery capacity
of 2, 6, or 15 gallons of diluted spray depending on the nozzle setting with
the same numbers. This sprayer was designed for applying insecticides,
fertilizers, plant foods, fungicides, and herbicides to lawns, gardens, and
trees. The 6 nozzle is used for gardens, shrubs, and trees, while the 15
nozzle is used to spray lawns. For wettable powders the 2 nozzle is used.
Only the 6 and 15 nozzle settings were evaluated in this study.
Nozzle 6 Evaluation - One hundred and twenty ml of KMnO/ stock solution
and 500 ml of water were put into the sprayer container for determining
delivery rate accuracy and should equal 2 tablespoonsful of chemical per
gallon of water in the emitted spray. Delivery rates of the sprayer did not
vary significantly as a result of water pressure (Table 6). One of three
sprayers was significantly different in the delivery rate while using 20 and
40 psi water pressures (Tables 3 and 5). All sprayers were significantly
different in delivery rates from one another while using 30 psi water
pressure (Table 4).
29
-------
Nozzle 15 Evaluation - Three hundred ml of KMnO^ stock solution and
320 ml of water were put into the sprayer container for determining delivery
rate accuracy of the 15 nozzle and should equal 2 tablespoonsful of chemical
per gallon of water in the emitted spray. Delivery rates of the sprayers
did not vary significantly as a result of water pressure (Table 6). All
sprayers were significantly different in delivery rates while using 20 psi
water pressure (Table 3). One of three sprayers was significantly different
in delivery rate while using 30 and 40 psi water pressures (Tables A and 5).
Comparison of expected delivery rates and the delivery rates actually
obtained are given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the deviation
from the expected values in ppm. The delivery rates ranged from acceptable
to marginal in accuracy.
The spray patterns of this sprayer for both the 6 and 15 nozzle are
shown in Figures 27 and 28.
#£: j*£|
j • A. • .> t ' - * L ^ *• • . «-
Figure 27. Spray pattern of the Burgess 3 in 1 Redimix Hose-end All Purpose
Sprayer when tested using the No. 6 nozzle, 30 psi water pressure,
at a distance of 5 feet.
30
-------
Figure 28. Spray pattern of the Burgess 3 in 1 Redimix Hose-end All Purpose
Sprayer when tested using the No. 15 nozzle, 30 psi water pres-
sure, at a distance of 5 feet.
The mean volume of mixed "spray delivered in 5 seconds was 287 ml (0.91
U. S. gallon per minute) when using the 6 nozzle, and 445 ml (1.41 U. S.
gallons per minute) when using the 15 nozzle (Table 2).
31
-------
SECTION XVI
BIG ANDY 20 GALLON FERTILIZER SPRAYER NO. A-21
Figure 29. Big Andy 20 Gallon Fertilizer Sprayer No. A-21
Big Andy 20 Gallon Fertilizer Sprayer No. A-21 (Figure 29) is manufac-
tured by Hayes Products Division of The Leisure Group, Inc. The manufacturer
is listed as Anderson Manufacturing Company on the sprayer label. The only
direction for use on this sprayer label is "See fertilizer manufacturer's
instruction for mixing."
One hundred and fifty ml of KMnO/ stock solution and 300 ml of water
were put into the sprayer container for determining delivery rate accuracy.
Delivery rates of the sprayer did not vary statistically as a result of
water pressure (Table 6). All sprayers were significantly different in
delivery rates when using 20 psi water pressure (Table 3). One of three
sprayers was significantly different in delivery rate while using 30 and 40
psi water pressures (Tables 4 and 5).
Comparison of expected delivery rates and delivery rates actually ab-
tained are given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the deviation
from the expected values in ppm. The delivery rates of this sprayer ranged
from 72 to 105% above the expected delivery rate and were totally unacceptable,
32
-------
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 1,283 ml
(Table 2) and was equal to 4.07 U. S. gallons per minute.
The spray pattern of this sprayer is shown in Figure 30.
Figure 30. Spray pattern of the Big Andy 20 Gallon Fertilizer Sprayer
No. A-21 when tested using 30 psi water pressure, at a distance
of 5 feet.
Deficiencies of this sprayer are: lack of proper directions and
cautions for use on the sprayer label; absence of an on and off control; a
suction must be created by placing the finger over a control hole; water only
is sprayed as soon as the tap is turned on; and the sprayer has a fixed spray
deflector.
33
-------
SECTION XVII
BIG ANDY 6 GALLON INSECTICIDE SPRAYER NO. A-7
B GALLON
"WECTICIDE
SPRAYER
Figure 31. Big Andy 6 Gallon Insecticide Sprayer No. A-7
Big Andy 6 Gallon Insecticide Sprayer No. A-7 (Figure 31) is manufac-
tured by Hayes Products Division of The Leisure Group, Inc. The manufacturer
is listed on the sprayer label as Anderson Manufacturing Company. The only
direction for use on the sprayer label is "See Insecticide manufacturer's
instructions for mixing."
One hundred and twenty ml of KMnO^ stock solution and 520 ml of water
were put into the sprayer container for determining delivery rate accuracy.
Delivery rates of the sprayer did not vary statistically as a result of water
pressure (Table 6). All sprayers were significantly different from one
another in their delivery rates when using 20 and 40 psi water~pressures
(Tables 3 and 5). One of three sprayers was significantly different in
delivery rate when using 30 psi water pressure (Table 4).
Comparison of expected delivery rates and delivery rates actually ob-
tained are given in Table 1, along with the percent error and the deviation
from the expected values in ppm. When using 20 psi water pressure, the
sprayer was within the acceptable accuracy range of + 10%; however, when
using 30 and 40 psi water pressures the accuracy was marginal.
34
-------
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 155 ml
(Table 2) and was equal to 0.49 U. S. gallon per minute.
The spray pattern of this sprayer is shown in Figure 32.
XV.
Figure 32. Spray pattern of the Big Andy 6 Gallon Insecticide Sprayer
No. A-7 when tested using 30 psi water pressure, at a distance
of 5 feet.
Deficiencies of this sprayer are: lack of proper directions and
cautions for use on the sprayer label; absence of an on and off control; a
suction must be created by placing the finger over a control hole; water only
is sprayed as soon as the tap is turned on; and the sprayer has a fixed spray
deflector.
35
-------
SECTION XVIII
GILMOUR AIR-0-MATIC 362 SPRAYER
Figure 33. Gilmour Air-0-Matic 362 Sprayer
Gilmour Air-0-Matic 362 Sprayer (Figure 33) is manufactured by Gilmour
Manufacturing Company. It was designed for spraying insecticides, fertili-
zers, herbicides, disinfectants, and detergents. Sprayer may be used on all
types of plants. Both teaspoon and tablespoon rates may be used. This
sprayer has several settings. No pre-mix of water and chemical is needed.
All mixing of chemical and water takes place in the mixing head. It has an
adjustable deflector for spraying in all directions. An anti-siphon device
is built into the sprayer. The sprayer is easily controlled by an on and
off trigger.
To determine the delivery rate accuracy of this sprayer, KMnO^ stock
solution only was put into the sprayer container. Only tablespoon rates
were evaluated. The effects of water pressure on delivery rates at each of
the sprayer settings are given in Table 6. Table 3 shows the difference in
delivery rates between sprayers tested at each of the sprayer settings, when
using 20 psi water pressure. Table A shows the difference in delivery rates
between sprayers tested at each of the sprayer settings when using 30 psi
water pressure. Table 5 shows the difference in delivery rates between
36
-------
sprayers tested at each of the sprayer settings when using 40 psi water
pressure.
Comparison of expected delivery rates and delivery rates actually ob-
tained at each sprayer setting are given in Table 1, along with the percent
error and the deviation from the expected values in ppm. The delivery rates
of this sprayer at all settings ranged from 14 to 100% below the expected
values, when using 20 psi water pressure and were all unacceptable. The
sprayer delivery rates at all settings, when using 30 psi water pressure
ranged from 4 to 43% below the expected values, and only one setting gave an
?cceptable value. The delivery rates of this sprayer at all settings ranged
from 25% below to 30% above the expected values, when using 40 psi water
pressure, and 5 values were within the acceptable range of + 10%.
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds when using sprayer
settings 2, 6, or 10 and 30 psi water pressure are given in Table 2. The
delivery rate range was from 360 to 380 ml which is equal to 1.14 to 1.2
U. S. gallons per minute.
The spray pattern of this sprayer was determined at the 3 setting,
while using 30 psi water pressure, at a distance of 5 feet and is shown in
Figure 34.
Figure 34. Spray pattern of the Gilmour Air-0-Matic 362 Sprayer when tested
at the 3 setting, using 30 psi water pressure, at a distance of 5 feet.
This sprayer does not function at low pressures and the sprayer is
inaccurate at most settings tested.
37
-------
SECTION XIX
MELNOR DELUXE ALL-PURPCSE GARDEN GUN
Figure 35. Melnor Deluxe Ail-Purpose Garden Gun
Melnor Delu\e Ail-Purpose Garden Gun (Figure 35) is manufactured by
Melnor Industries. It was designed for spraying gardens, flowers, shrubs,
lawns, and trees with pesticides. Sprayer label recommends following chemi-
cal manufacturer's instructions in use of pesticides. This sprayer has 2
settings of 6 or 15 gallons maximum of emitted spray. The deflector is
built into the nozzle turret and has four adjustments of wide, narrow, shrub,
and jet. It has a setting for filling the sprayer container with water while
attached to the garden hose.
A single sprayer unit only was available for evaluation.
Sixty ml of KMnO/ stock solution and 240 ml of water were put into the
sprayer container for determining the delivery rate accuracy at the 6 gallon
setting. The mean delivery rate values of 3 collections were 3.5, 6.83, and
7.33 ppm at 20, 30, and 40 psi water pressures respectively. The expected
delivery rate value was 15.9 ppm. Delivery rate errors for 20, 30, and 40
psi water pressures were 78, 57, and 54? below the expected value respec-
tively. The ppm values below the expected value were 12.4, 9.0, and 8.5 ppm
at 20, 30, and 40 psi water pressures respectively.
38
-------
One hundred and fifty ml of KMnO^ stock solution and 150 ml of water
were put into the sprayer container for determining the delivery rate accu-
racy at the 15 setting. The mean delivery rate values of 3 collections were
8.33, 9.83, and 10.0 ppm at 20, 30, and 40 psi water pressures respectively.
The expected delivery rate value was 15.9 ppm. Delivery rate errors for
20, 30, and 40 psi water pressures were 47, 38, and 37% below the expected
value respectively. The values in ppm below the expected value were 7.5,
6.0, and 5.9 ppm respectively. This sprayer's delivery rates were unaccept-
able.
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds were: 303 ml and
equal to 0.96 U. S. gallon per minute, at the 6 setting; and 335 ml and
equal to 1.06 U. S. gallons per minute, at the 15 setting.
Some of the spray patterns are shown in Figures 36, 37, 38, and 39.
•*&*
fs»>
Figure 36. Spray pattern of the Melnor Deluxe Ail-Purpose Garden Gun when
tested using the 6 setting, Shrub deflector, 30 psi water
pressure, at a distance of 5 feet.
39
-------
Figure 37.
Spray pattern of the Melnor Deluxe Ail-Purpose Garden Gun when
tested using the 6 setting, Wide deflector, 30 psi water pres-
sure, at a distance of 5 feet.
Figure 38.
Spray pattern of the Melnor Deluxe All-Purpose Garden Gun when
tested using the 6 setting, Narrow deflector, 30 psi water
pressure, at a distance of 5 feet.
40
-------
Figure 39. Spray pattern of the Melnor Deluxe Ail-Purpose Garden Gun when
tested using the 15 setting, Shrub deflector, 30 psi water
pressure, at a distance of 5 feet.
41
-------
SECTION XX
VIGORO LAWN-WEED-N-FEED SPRAYER
LAWN-WEED-N-I1
SPRAYER
Figure 40. Vigoro Lawn-Weed-N-Feed Sprayer
Vigoro Lawn-Weed-N-Feed Sprayer (Figure 40) is distributed by Swift
Chemical Company. It was designed for applying plant foods, herbicides, and
lawn pesticides and fungicides, and has a maximum delivery capacity of
20 gallons of diluted spray.
Only a single sprayer unit was available for evaluation.
One hundred and fifty ml of KMnO^ stock solution and 110 ml of water
were put into the sprayer container for determining the delivery rate accu-
racy. The mean delivery rate values of 3 collections were 12.67, 14.33, and
14.83 ppm at 20, 30, and 40 psi water pressures respectively. The expected
delivery rate value was 15.9 ppm. Delivery rate error of 20U 10, and 6%
below the expected value resulted from water pressures 20, 30, and 40 psi
respectively. The values in ppm below the expected value were 3.2, 1.6, and
1.1 ppm at 20, 30, and 40 psi water pressures respectively.
The mean volume of mixed spray delivered in 5 seconds was 1,210 ml and
was equal to 3.84 U. S. gallons per minute.
-------
The spray pattern of this sprayer is shown in Figure 41
Figure 41. Spray pattern of Vigoro Lawn-Weed-N-Feed Sprayer when tested
using 30 psi water pressure, at a distance of 5 feet.
Deficiencies of this sprayer are the absence of an on and off control
and in order to mix the chemical with the emitted spray a finger must be
placed over a control hole. Also this sprayer has a fixed spray deflector
limiting spray direction.
43
-------
SECTION XXI
BURGESS REDIMIX 2 GALLON HOSE-END WETTABLE POWDER SPRAYER
Figure 42. Burgess Redimix 2 Gallon Hose-end Wettable Powder Sprayer
Burgess Redimix 2 Gallon Hose-end Wettable Powder Sprayer (Figure 42)
was not evaluated in this study; however, the existence of such sprayers
should be acknowledged. This sprayer was designed to apply fungicides and
other wettable powder chemicals to flowers, gardens, shrubs, lawns, and
trees. This sprayer is manufactured by Burgess Vibrocrafters, Inc.
44
-------
Table 1. Comparison between expected and actual delivery rate values of hose-end sprayers at three water
pressures.
Sprayer Type Expected
ppm
Value
Ortho Spray-ette 4
Ortho Super Six Spray-ette
Ortho Lawn Sprayer
Ortho Lawn and Garden Sprayer
(Down Soil and Soil)
(Down Foliage and Foliage)
Hayes Insecticide Sprayer
No. 101
Hayes Flower Sprayer No. H-A
Hayes Soil and Turf Sprayer
No. H-10
Hayes Fertilizer Sprayer
No. 102
Miller's Six Shooter Rose-end
Sprayer
Miller's Big 15 Hose-end
Sprayer
Burgess Redimix 6 Gallon
Hose-end Plant, Shrub, and
Tree Sprayer
Burgess 3 in 1 Redimix
Hose-end All Purpose Sprayer
(6 gallon)
(15 gallon)
Big Andy 20 Gallon Fertilizer
Sprayer No. A-21
Big Andy 6 Gallon Insecticide
Sprayer No. A- 7
Gilmour Air-0-Matic 362 Sprayer
(1 setting)
(2 setting)
(3 setting)
(4 setting)
(5 setting)
(6 setting)
(7 setting)
(10 setting)
7.9
7.9
7.9
6.4
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
7.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.9
7.9
15.9
7.9
15.9
23.8
31.7
39.6
47.6
55.5
79.3
20 psi water pressure 30 psi water pressure 40 psi water pressure
ppm
Delivery
Value
5.8
9.5
8.3
6.7
14.9
14.0
15.4
19.3
10.1
15.2
15.6
15.9
14.2
16.5
13.6
17.0
0.0
0.0
15.7
20.8
25.8
37.3
47.8
56.0
7.
Error
-27
+20
+5
+5
-6
-12
-3
+21
+28
-4
-2
0
-11
+4
+72
+7
-100
-100
-34
-34
-35
-22
-14
-29
+a ppm
ppm Delivery
Error Value
-2.1
+1.6
+0.4
+0.3
-1.0
-1.9
-0.5
+3.4
+2.2
-0.7
-0.3
0.0
-1.7
+0.6
+5.7
+1.1
-7.9
-15.9
-8.1
-10.9
-13.8
-10.3
-7.7
-23.3
6.9
9.5
8.2
6.7
15.2
14.2
15.9
17.3
10.6
13.9
16.3
16.7
14.4
18.1
14.5
17.9
4.5
14.0
20.2
25.5
38.0
41.7
49.5
59.0
%
Error
-13
+20
+4
+5
-4
-11
0
+9
+34
-13
+3
+5
-9
+14
+84
+13
-43
-12
-15
-20
-4
-12
-11
-26
±a PP=>
ppm Delivery
Error Value
-1.0
+1.6
+0.3
+0.3
-0.7
-1.7
0.0
+1.4
+2.7
-2.0
+0.4
+0.8
-1.5
+2.2
+6.6
+2.0
-3.4
-1.9
-3.6
-6.2
-1.6
-5.9
-6.0
-20.3
7.1
9.3
8.5
6.8
15.3
14.2
16.3
17.0
8.8
13.3
16.9
16.9
14.2
18.5
16.2
17.7
10.3
17.3
22.3
27.3
40.3
44.2
50.5
59.5
Z
Error
-10
+18
+8
+6
-4
-11
+3
+7
+11
-16
+6
+6
-11
+16
+105
+11
+30
+9
-6
-14
+2
-7
-9
-25
±a
ppm
Error
-0.8
+1.4
+0.6
+0.4
-0.6
-1.7
+0.4
+1.1
+0.9
-2.6
+1.0
+1.0
-1.7
+2.6
+8.3
+1.8
+2.4
+1.4
-1.5
-4.4
+0.7
-3.4
-5.0
-19.8
a: + - value above and - - value below the expected delivery value
45
-------
Table 2. Volume of mixed spray delivered per unit of time when
using 30 psi (206.82 KPa) water pressure.
Sprayer Type
Ortho Spray-ette 4
Ortho Super Six Spray-ette
Ortho Lawn Sprayer
Ortho Lawn and Garden Sprayer
(Down Soil and Soil)
(Down Foliage and Foliage)
Hayes Insecticide Sprayer No. 101
Hayes Flower Sprayer No. H-4
Hayes Soil and Turf Sprayer No. H-10
Hayes Fertilizer Sprayer No. 102
Miller's Six Shooter Hose-end Sprayer
Miller ' s Big 15 Hose-end Sprayer
Burgess Redimix 6 Gallon Hose-end
Plant, Shrub, and Tree Sprayer
Burgess 3 in 1 Redimix Hose-end All
Purpose Sprayer
(6 gallon)
(15 gallon)
Big Andy 20 Gallon Fertilizer
Sprayer No. A-21
Big Andy 6 Gallon Insecticide
Sprayer No. A- 7
Gilmour Air-0-Matic 362 Sprayer
(Setting 2)
(Setting 6)
(Setting 10)
Mean ml
Vol./5 sec.
177
158
1,055
492
183
185
175
885
875
318
388
273
287
445
1,283
155
360
375
380
Mean gallons
per minute
0.56
0.50
3.34
1.56
0.58
0.59
0.55
2.81
2.77
1.01
1.23
0.87
0.91
1.41
4.07
0.49
1.14
1.19
1.20
46
-------
Table 3. Delivery values of sprayers of the same type when using
20 psi (137.88 KPa) water pressure.
Mean ppm value
Sprayer Type
Ortho Spray-ette 4
Ortho Super Six Spray-ette
Ortho Lawn Sprayer
Ortho Lawn and Garden Sprayer
(Down Soil and Soil)
(Down Foliage and Foliage)
Hayes Insecticide Sprayer
No. 101
Hayes Flower Sprayer No. H-4
Hayes Soil and Turf Sprayer
No. H-10
Hayes Fertilizer Sprayer
No. 102
Miller's Six Shooter Hose-end
Sprayer
Miller's Big 15 Hose-end
Sprayer
Burgess Redimix 6 Gallon
Hose-end Plant, Shrub, and
Tree Sprayer
Burgess 3 in 1 Redimix
Hose-end All Purpose Sprayer
(6 gallon)
(15 gallon)
Big Andy 20 Gallon Fertilizer
Sprayer No. A-21
Big Andy 6 Gallon Insecticide
Sprayer No. A- 7
Gilmour Air-0-Matic 362 Sprayer
(1 setting)
(2 setting)
(3 setting)
(4 setting)
(5 setting)
(6 setting)
(7 setting)
(10 setting)
1
5.67
9.00
9.00
6.33
14.00
14.67
16.33
19.33
12.33
15.33
15.33
14.67
18.33
15.00
13.33
19.33
0.00
0.00
14.50
21.00
26.00
37.00
50.00
56.00
Sprayer
2
6.67
9.67
7.67
7.33
15.00
13.67
15.33
17.00
9.00
15.33
15.00
17.33
9.00
18.67
11.67
15.00
0.00
0.00
17.00
20.00
25.50
37.00
45.00
56.00
3
5100
9.67
6.33
15.67
13.67
14.67
21.67
9.00
15.00
16.33
15.67
15.33
15.67
15.67
16.67
0.00
0.00
15.50
21.50
26.00
38.00
48.50
56.00
LSDa Value at
5% level
0.48
0.00
0.64
0.72
0.48
0.24
0.60
0.24
0.72
0.72
0.72
1.44
0.96
0.48
1.32
1.20
0.00
0.00
2.37
1.78
1.19
2.37
5.34
0.00
a = Least Significant Difference
47
-------
Table 4. Delivery values of sprayers of the same type when using
30 psi (206.82 KPa) water pressure.
Mean ppm value
Sprayer Type
Ortho Spray-ette 4
Ortho Super Six Spray-ette
Ortho Lawn Sprayer
Ortho Lawn and Garden Sprayer
(Down Soil and Soil)
(Down Foliage and Foliage)
Hayes Insecticide Sprayer
No. 101
Hayes Flower Sprayer No. H-4
Hayes Soil and Turf Sprayer
No. H-10
Hayes Fertilizer Sprayer
No. 102
Miller's Six Shooter Hose-end
Sprayer
Miller's Big 15 Hose-end
Sprayer
Burgess Redimix 6 Gallon
Hose-end Plant, Shrub, and
Tree Sprayer
Burgess 3 in 1 Redimix
Hose-end All Purpose Sprayer
(6 gallon)
(15 gallon)
Big Andy 20 Gallon Fertilizer
Sprayer No. A-21
Big Andy 6 Gallon Insecticide
Sprayer No. A-7
Gilmour Air-0-Matic 362 Sprayer
(1 setting)
(2 setting)
(3 setting)
(4 setting)
(5 setting)
(6 setting)
,(7 setting)
(10 setting)
1
6.67
8.67
9.00
6.67
14.67
14.67
16.67
17.67
12.67
13.67
16.33
16.33
17.67
17.00
13.67
19.67
6.00
12.00
19.00
25.00
37.50
41.00
48.50
59.00
Sprayer
2
7.33
10.00
7.33
7.00
15.33
13.33
16.33
17.67
9.67
14.00
15.67
17.67
9.33
20.00
13.00
14.67
7.50
16.50
21.00
26.00
39.00
41.50
50.00
58.50
3
6.67
9.67
6.33
15.67
14.67
14.67
16.67
9.33
14.00
17.00
16.00
16.33
17.33
16.67
19.33
0.00
13.50
20.50
25.50
37.50
42.50
50.00
59.50
LSDa Value at
5% level
1.68
0.36
1.44
0.72
0.72
0.36
0.72
0.24
0.96
0.72
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.72
1.20
2.28
2.97
1.19
0.00
0.00
2.37
2.37
1.19
2.37
a = Least Significant Difference
48
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Table 5. Delivery values of sprayers of the same type when using
40 psi (275.76 KPa) water pressure.
Mean ppm value
Sprayer Type
Ortho Spray-ette 4
Ortho Super Six Spray-ette
Ortho Lawn Sprayer
Ortho Lawn and Garden Sprayer
(Down Soil and Soil)
(Down Foliage and Foliage)
Hayes Insecticide Sprayer
No. 101
Hayes Flower Sprayer No. H-4
Hayes Soil and Turf Sprayer
No. H-10
Hayes Fertilizer Sprayer
No. 102
Miller's Six Shooter Hose-end
Sprayer
Miller's Big 15 Hose-end
Sprayer
Burgess Redimix 6 Gallon
Hose-end Plant, Shrub, and
Tree Sprayer
Burgess 3 in 1 Redimix
Hose-end All Purpose Sprayer
(6 gallon)
(15 gallon)
Big Andy 20 Gallon Fertilizer
Sprayer No. A-21
Big Andy 6 Gallon Insecticide
Sprayer No. A-7
Gilmour Air-0-Matic 362 Sprayer
(1 setting)
(2 setting)
(3 setting)
(4 setting)
(5 setting)
(6 setting)
(7 setting)
(10 setting)
1
6.67
9.33
9.67
7.00
15.00
14.67
17.00
17.33
7.00
13.00
17.00
16.67
17.00
17.67
14.00
21.33
9.50
16.50
21.50
26.50
39.00
42.50
49.50
58.50
Sprayer
2
7.67
9.67
7.33
7.00
15.00
13.33
17.00
18.00
9.67
13.00
16.33
17.67
9.33
20.00
14.67
14.33
9.00
17.00
22.50
28.00
40.50
44.50
50.50
59.50
3
7.00
9.00
6.33
16.00
14.67
15.00
15.67
9.67
14.00
17.33
16.33
16.33
17.67
20.00
17.00
12.50
18.50
23.00
27.50
41.50
45.50
51.50
60.50
LSDa Value at
5% level
1.20
1.08
0.96
1.20
0.24
0.36
0.60
0.24
0.48
0.72
0.96
0.72
0.72
0.24
0.96
2.16
2.97
2.97
1:19
1.78
1.19
2.97
3.56
5.34
a = Least Significant Difference
49
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Table 6. Delivery values of sprayer types when using three water
pressures.
Meana ppm Value
Sprayer Type
Ortho Spray-ette 4
Ortho Super Six Spray-ette
Ortho Lawn Sprayer
Ortho Lawn and Garden Sprayer
(Down Soil and Soil)
(Down Foliage and Foliage)
Hayes Insecticide Sprayer
No. 101
Hayes Flower Sprayer No. H-4
Hayes Soil and Turf Sprayer
No. H-10
Hayes Fertilizer Sprayer
No. 102
Miller's Six Shooter Hose-end
Sprayer
Miller's Big 15 Hose-end
Sprayer
Burgess Redimix 6 Gallon
Hose-end Plant, Shrub, and
Tree Sprayer
Burgess 3 in 1 Redimix
Hose-end All Purpose Sprayer
(6 gallon)
(15 gallon)
Big Andy 20 Gallon Fertilizer
Sprayer No. A-21
Big Andy 6 Gallon Insecticide
Sprayer No. A- 7
Gilmour Air-0-Matic 362 Sprayer
(1 setting)
(2 setting)
(3 setting)
(4 setting)
(5 setting)
(6 setting)
(7 setting)
(10 setting)
psi water pressure
20
5.78
9.45
8.34
6.66
14.89
14.00
15.44
19.33
10.11
15.22
15.55
15.89
14.22
16.45
13.56
17.00
0.00
0.00
15.67
20.83
25.83
37.33
47.83
56.00
a = Mean of 3 sprayers except Ortho Lawn
2 sprayers.
b = Least Significant Difference.
50
30
6.89
9.45
8.17
6.67
15.22
14.22
15.89
17.34
10.56
13.89
16.33
16.67
14.44
18.11
14.45
17.89
4.50
14.00
20.17
25.50
38.00
41.67
49.50
59.00
Sprayer
40
7.11
9.33
8.50
6.78
15.33
14.22
16.33
17.00
8.78
13.33
16.89
16.89
14.22
18.45
16.22
17.66
10.33
17.33
22.33-
27.33
40.33
44.17
50.50
59.50
which was
LSDb Value
at 5% level
1.44
1.28
4.22
1.12
1.76
1.77
2.72
3.84
4.48
0.80
1.76
2.72
8.80
4.32
6.56
7.84
5.28
3.12
2.88
1.92
2.16
2.64
4.08
1.44
a mean of
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing!
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-540/9-78-004
3. RECIPIENT S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Evaluation of Hose-end Sprayers Used for
Applying Liquid Pesticides
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
H. L. Dooley and A. A. Badiei
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Protection Agency
Northwest Biological Investigations Station
3320 Orchard Avenue
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Dooley, H. L. and A. A. Badiei. 1978. Evaluation of Hose-end Sprayers Used for
Applying Liquid Pesticides. EPA-540/9-78-004.
Nineteen garden hose-end sprayers used for applying agricultural chemicals were
evaluated for delivery rates, spray patterns, and total spray emitted per unit of
time. Sprayers were evaluated at 137.88, 206.82, and 275.76 KPa (20, 30, and 40
psi) water pressures. Each sprayer type is discussed individually. Eight sprayer
types had acceptable delivery rates (+ 10%) at 137.88 and 206.82 KPa (20 and 30 psi)
water pressures. Twelve sprayer types had acceptable delivery rates at 275.76 KPa
(40 psi) water pressure. Delivery rate variation of other sprayer types ranged
from no application of pesticide to 105% above the desired rate. Sprayer delivery
volumes ranged from 1.86 to "12.66 liters (0.49 to 3.34 U. S. gallons) per minute.
Spray patterns are shown for each sprayer type. Hose-end sprayers are easy to use,
economical, and in some cases have acceptable accuracy when used as directed.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATl Field/Group
Sprayer evaluation, Hose-end sprayers,
Pesticide sprayers, Home garden sprayers,
Spray volume, Spray patterns, Delivery
rates.
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
19. SECURITY CLASS (Thil Report)
21. NO. OF PAGES
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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