OFTS-TECHNICAL INFO-
&EPA
Agency
Off ica of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Washington DC 20460
August 1981
Pesticides
Naphthaleneacetic Acid its
Salts, Ester, and Acetamide
Pesticide Registration
Standard
-------
Naphthalcneacetic /fcid
its Salts, Ester,
and Azetamide
Pesticide Registration Standard
Michael F. Branagan Project Manager (SPRD)
William Airiia Plant Sciences Specialist (PSB/BFSD)
Gary Ballard Economist (EAB/BFSD)
Hudson Boyd Environmental Chemist (EFB/HED)
Dan Dickson Product Manager (FHB/RD)
Nancy Dodd Residue Chemist (RCB/HED)
Linda Garczynski Writer/Editor (SPRD)
Robert ftxLst Plant Physiologist (EEB/HED)
Thomas Johnston Wildlife Ecologist (EEB/HED)
Ellen Sullivan Pharmacologist (TB/HED)
July 31, 1981
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW
Washington, D.C. 20460
-------
- TABLE OP CONTENTS -
page
Chapter I How to Register under a Registration Standard 1
Chapter II Regulatory Position and Rationale 9
Chapter III Sunnary of Data Requirements and Data Gaps 19
Chapter IV Product Chemistry 25
Chapter V Environmental Pate... 27
Chapter VI Toxicology * 32
Chapter VII Residue Chemistry. 43
Chapter VIII Ecological Effects 45
Bibliography 47
-------
CHAPTER I: HOW TO REGISTER UMDER A REGISTRATION STANDARD
A. Organization of the Standard
B. Purpose of the Standard
C. Requirement to Re-register Under the Standard
D. "Product Specific" Data and "Generic* Data
E. Data Compensation Requirements under P1PRA 3(c) (1) (D)
P. Obtaining Data to Pill " Data Gaps"; FIFRA 3(c) (2) (B)
G. Amendments to the Standard
A. Organization of the Standard
This first chapter explains the purpose of a Registration Standard and
summarizes the legal principles involved in registering or re-registering under
a Standard. The second chapter sets forth the requirements that must be met to
obtain or retain registration for products covered by this particular
Registration Standard. In the remaining chapters, the Agency reviews the
available data by scientific discipline, discusses the Agency's concerns with
the identified potential hazards, and logically develops the conditions and
requirements that would reduce those hazards to acceptable levels.
B. Purpose of the Standard
Section 3 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (PIFRA)
provides that "no person in any State may distribute, sell, offer for sale,
hold for sale, ship, deliver for shipment, or receive (and having so received)
deliver or offer to deliver, to any person any pesticide which is not
registered with the Administrator [of EPA]." To approve the registration of a
pesticide, the Administrator must find, pursuant to Section 3(c)(5) that:
"(A) its composition is such as to warrant the proposed claims for it;
(B) its labeling and other material required to be submitted comply
with the requirements of this Act;
(O it will perform its intended function without unreasonable adverse
effects on the environment; and
(D) when used in accordance with widespread and commonly recognized
practice it will not generally cause unreasonable adverse effects
on the environment."
In making these findings, the Agency reviews a wide range of data which
registrants are required to submit, and assesses the risks and benefits
associated with the use of the proposed pesticide. But the established
approach to making these findings has been found to be defective on two countsj
First, EPA and its predecessor agency, the United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA), routinely reviewed registration applications on a "product
by product" basis, evaluating each product-specific application somewhat
independently. In the review of products containing similar components, there
-------
was little opportunity for a retrospective review of the full range of
pertinent data available in Agency files and in the public literature. Thus the
"product by product" approach was often inefficient and sometimes resulted in
inconsistent or incomplete regulatory judgments.
Second, over the years, as a result of inevitable and continuing advances in
scientific knowledge, methodology, and policy, the data base for many
pesticides came to be considered inadequate by current scientific and
regulatory standards. Given the long history of pesticide regulation in
several agencies, it is even likely that materials may have been lost from the
data files. When EPA issued new requirements for registration in 1975 (40 CFR
162) and proposed new guidelines for hazard testing in 1978 (43 FR 29686, July
10, 1978 and 43 FR 37336, August 22, 1978), many products that had already been
registered for years were being sold and used without the same assurances of
human and environmental safety as was being required for new products. Because
of this inconsistency, Congress directed EPA to re-register all previously
registered products, so as to bring their registrations and their data bases
into compliance with current requirements, [See FIFRA Section 3(g)].
Facing the enormous job of re-reviewing and calling-in new data for the
approximately 35,000 current registrations, and realizing the inefficiencies of
the "product by product" approach, the Agency decided that a new, more
effective method of review was needed.
A new review procedure has been developed. Under it, EPA publishes documents
called Registration Standards, each of which discusses a particular pesticide
active ingredient. Each Registration Standard summarizes all the data
available to the Agency on a particular active ingredient and its current uses,
and sets forth the Agency's comprehensive position on the conditions and
requirements for registration of all existing and future products which contain
that active ingredient. These conditions and requirements, all of which must
be met to obtain or retain full registration or reregistration under Section
3(c)(5) of FIFRA, include the submission of needed scientific data which the
Agency does not now have, compliance with standards of toxicity, composition,
labeling, and packaging, and satisfaction of the data compensation provisions
of FIFRA Section 3(c)(1)(D).
The Standard will also serve as a tool for product classification. As part of
the registration of a pesticide product, EPA may classify each product for
"general use" or "restricted use" [FIFRA Section 3(d)]. A pesticide is
classified for "restricted use" when some special regulatory restriction is
needed to ensure against unreasonable adverse effects to man or the
environment. Many such risks of unreasonable adverse effects can be lessened
if expressly-designed label precautions are strictly followed. Thus the special
regulatory restriction for a "restricted use" pesticide is usually a
requirement that it be applied only by, or under the supervision of, an
applicator who has been certified by the State or Federal government as being
competent to use pesticide safely, responsibly, and in accordance with label
directions. A restricted-use pesticide can have other regulatory restrictions
[40 CFR 162.11(c)(5)] instead of, or in addition to, the certified applicator
requirement. These other regulatory restrictions may include such actions as
seasonal or regional limitations on use, or a requirement for the monitoring of
-------
residue levels after use. A pesticide classified for "general use," or not
classified at all, is available for use by any individual who is in compliance
with State or local regulations. The Registration Standard review compares
information about potential adverse effects of specific uses of the pesticide
with risk criteria listed in 40 CFR 162.11(c), and thereby determines whether a
product needs to be classified for "restricted use." If the Standard does
classify a pesticide for "restricted use," this determination is stated in the
second chapter.
C. Requirement to Reregister Under the Standard
FIFRA Section 3(g), as amended in 1978, directs EPA to reregister all currently
registered products as expeditiously as possible. Congress also agreed that
reregistration should be accomplished by the use of Registration Standards.
Each registrant of a currently registered product to which this Standard
applies, and who wishes to continue to sell or distribute his product in
commerce, must apply for reregistration. His application must contain proposed
labeling that complies with this Standard.
EPA will issue a notice of intent to cancel the registration of any currently
registered product to which this Standard applies if the registrant fails to
comply with the procedures for reregistration set forth in the Guidance Package
which accompanies this Standard.
D. "Product Specific" Data and "Generic" Data
In the course of developing this Standard, EPA has determined the types of data
needed for evaluation of the properties and effects of products to which the
Standard applies, in the disciplinary areas of Product Chemistry, Environmental
Fate, Toxicology, Residue Chemistry, and Ecological Effects. These
determinations are based primarily on the data Guidelines proposed in 43 FR
29696, July 10, 1978; 43 FR 37336, August 22, 1978; and 45 FR 72948, November
3, 1980, as applied to the use patterns of the products to which this Standard
applies. Where it appeared that data from a normally applicable Guidelines
requirement was actually unnecessary to evaluate these products, the Standard
indicates that the requirement has been waived. On the other hand, in some
cases studies not required by the Guidelines may be needed because of the
particular composition or use pattern of products the Standard covers; if so,
the Standard explains the Agency's reasoning. Data guidelines have not yet
been proposed for the Residue Chemistry discipline, but the requirements for
such data have been in effect for some time and are, the Agency believes,
relatively familiar to registrants. Data which we have found are needed to
evaluate the registrability of some products covered by the Standard may not be
needed for the evaluation of other products, depending upon the composition,
formulation type, and intended uses of the product in question. The Standard
states which data requirements apply to which product categories. (See the
third chapter.) The various kinds of data normally required for registration
of a pesticide product can be divided into two basic groups:
-------
1. Data that are product specific , i.e. data that relates only to the
the properties or effects of a product with a particular composition
(or a group of products with closely similar composition); and
2. Generic data that pertain to the properties or effects of a
particular ingredient, and thus is relevant to an evaluation of
the risks and benefits of all products containing that ingredient
(or all such products having a certain use pattern), regardless of
any such product's unique composition.
The Agency requires certain "product specific" data for each product to
characterize the product's particular composition and physical/chemical
properties (Product Chemistry), and to characterize the product's acute
toxicity (which is a function of its total composition). The applicant for
registration or reregistration of any product, whether it is a manufacturing-
use or end-use product, and without regard to its intended use pattern, must
submit or cite enough of this kind of data to allow EPA to evaluate the
product. For such purposes, "product specific" data on any product other than
the applicant's is irrelevant, unless the other product is closely similar in
composition to the applicant's. (Where it has been found practicable to group
similar products for purposes of evaluating, with a single set of tests, all
products in the group, the Standard so indicates.) "Product specific" data on
the efficacy of particular end-use products is also required where the exact
formulation may affect efficacy and where failure of efficacy could cause
public health problems.
All other data needed to evaluate pesticide products concerns the properties or
effects of a particular ingredient of products (normally a pesticidally active
ingredient, but in some cases a pesticidally inactive, or "inert",
ingredient). Some data in this "generic" category are required to evaluate the
properties and effects of all products containing that ingredient [e.g., the
acute LD-50 of the active ingredient in its technical or purer grade; see
proposed 40 CFR 163.81-1(a), 43 PR 37355].
Other "generic" data are required to evaluate all products which both contain a
particular ingredient and are intended for certain uses (see, e.g., proposed 40
CFR 163.82-1, 43 FR 37363, which requires subchronic oral testing of the active
ingredient with respect to certain use patterns only). Where a particular data
requirement is use-pattern dependent, it will apply to each end-use product
which is to be labeled for that use pattern (except where such end-use product
is formulated from a registered manufacturing-use product permitting such
formulations) and to each manufacturing-use product with labeling that allows
it to be used to make end-use products with that use pattern. Thus, for
example, a subchronic oral dosing study is needed to evaluate the safety of any
manufacturing-use product that legally could be used to make an end-use, food-
crop pesticide. But if an end-use product's label specified it was for use
only in ways that involved no food/feed exposure and no repeated human
exposure, the subchronic oral dosing study would not be required to evaluate
the product's safety; and if a manufacturing-use product's label states that
the product is for use only in making end-use products not involving food/feed
use or repeated human exposure, that subchronic oral study would not be
relevant to the evaluation of the manufacturing-use product either.
-------
If a registrant of a currently registered manufacturing-use or end-use product
wishes to avoid the costs of data compensation [under FIFRA Section 3(c)(1) (D)]
or data generation [under Section 3(c)(2)(B)] for "generic" data that is
required only with respect to some use patterns, he may elect to delete those
use patterns from his labeling at the time he reregisters his product. An
applicant for registration of a new product under this Standard may similarly
request approval for only certain use patterns.
E. Data Compensation Requirements under FIFRA 3(c)(1)(D)
Under FIFRA Section 3(c)(1)(D), an applicant for registration, reregistration,
or amended registration must offer to pay compensation for certain existing
data the Agency has used in developing the Registration Standard. The data for
which compensation must be offered is all data which are described by all the
following criteria:
1. The data were first submitted to EPA (or to its predecessor
agencies, USDA or FDA), on or after January 1, 1970;
2. The data were submitted to EPA (or USDA or FDA) by some other
applicant or registant in support of an application for an
experimental use permit, an amendment adding a new use to a
registration, or for registration, or to support or maintain in
effect an existing registration;
3. They are the kind of data which are relevant to the Agency's
decision to register or reregister the applicant's product
under the Registration Standard, taking into account the
applicant's product's composition and intended use pattern(s);
4. The Agency has found the data to be valid and usable in reaching
regulatory conclusions; and
5. They are not data for which the applicant has been exempted by
FIFRA Section 3(c) (2) (D) from the duty to offer to pay
compensation. (This exemption applies to the "generic" data
concerning the safety of an active ingredient of the applicant's
product, not to "product specific" data. The exemption is
available only to applicants whose product is labeled for end-
uses for which the active ingredient in question is present in
the applicant's product because of his use of another registered
product containing that active ingredient which he purchases from
another producer.)
An applicant for reregistration of an already registered product under this
Standard, or for registration of a new product under this Standard, accordingly
must determine which of the data used by EPA in developing the Standard must be
the subject of an offer to pay compensation, and must submit with his
application the appropriate statements evidencing his compliance with FIFRA
Section 3(c) (1) (D).
-------
An applicant would never be required to offer to pay for "product specific"
data submitted by another firm. In many, if not in most cases, data which is
specific to another firm's product will not suffice to allow EPA to evaluate
the applicant's product, that is, will not be useful to the Agency in
determining whether the applicant's product is registrable. There may be
cases, however, where because of close similarities between the composition of
two or more products, another firm's data may suffice to allow EPA to evaluate
some or all of the "product specific" aspects of the applicant's product. In
such a case, the applicant may choose to cite that data instead of submitting
data from tests on his own product, and if he chooses that option, he would
have to comply with the offer-to-pay requirements of Section 3(C)(1) (D) for
that data.
Each applicant for registration or reregistration of a manufacturing-use
product, and each applicant for registration or reregistration of an end-use
product, who is not exempted by FIFRA Section 3(c) (2) (D), must comply with the
Section 3(c)(1)(D) requirements with respect to each item of "generic" data
that relates to his product's intended uses.
A detailed description of the procedures an applicant must follow in applying
for reregistration (or new registration) under this Standard is found in the
Guidance Package for this Standard.
F. Obtaining Data to Fill "Data Gaps"; FIFRA 3(c) (2) (B)
Some of the kinds of data EPA needs for its evaluation of the properties and
effects of products to which this Standard applies have-never been submitted to
the Agency (or, if submitted, have been found to have deficiencies rendering
them inadequate for making reg 1strability decisions) and have not been located
in the published literature search that EPA conducted as part of preparing this
Standard. Such instances of missing but required data are referred to in the
Standard as "data gaps".
FIFRA Section 3(c)(2)(B), added to FIFRA by the Congress in 1978, authorizes
EPA to require registrants to whom a data requirement applies to generate (or
otherwise produce) data to fill such "gaps" and submit those data to EPA. EPA
must allow a reasonably sufficient period for this to be accomplished. If a
registrant fails to take appropriate and timely steps to fill the data gaps
identified by a section 3(c)(2)(B) order, his product's registration may be
suspended until the data is submitted. A mechanism is provided whereby two or
more registrants may agree to share in the costs of producing data for which
they are both responsible.
The Standard lists, in the third chapter, the "generic" data gaps and notes the
classes of products to which these data gaps pertain. The Standard also points
out that to be registrable under the Standard, a product must be supported by
certain required "product specific" data. In some cases, the Agency may
possess sufficient "product specific" data on one currently registered product,
but may lack such data on another. Only those Standards which apply to a very
small number of currently registered products will attempt to state
-------
definitively the " product specific" data gaps on a "product by product"
basis. (Although the Standard will in some cases note which data that EPA does
possess would suffice to satisfy certain "product specific" data requirements
for a category of products with closely similar composition characteristics.)
As part of the process of reregistering currently registered products, EPA will
issue Section 3(c)(2)(B) directives requiring the registrants to take
appropriate steps to fill all identified data gaps — whether the data in
question are "product specific" or "generic" — in accordance with a schedule.
Persons who wish to obtain registrations for new products under this Standard
will be required to submit (or cite) sufficient "product specific" data before
their applications are approved. Upon registration, they will be required
under Section 3(c)(2)(B) to take appropriate steps to submit data needed to
fill "generic" data gaps. (We expect they will respond to this requirement by
entering into cost-sharing agreements with other registrants who previously
have been told they must furnish the data.) The Guidance Package for this
Standard details the steps that must be taken by registrants to comply with
Section 3(c)(2)(B).
G. Amendments to the Standard
Applications for registration which propose uses or formulations that are not
presently covered by the Standard, or which present product compositions,
product chemistry data, hazard data, toxicity levels, or labeling that do not
meet the requirements of the Standard, will automatically be considered by the
Agency to be requests for amendments to the Standard. In response to such
applications, the Agency may request additional data to support the proposed
amendment to the Standard, or may deny the application for registration on the
grounds that the proposed product would cause unreasonable adverse effects to
the environment. In the former case, when additional data have been
satisfactorily supplied, and providing that the data do not indicate the
potential for unreasonable adverse effects, the Agency will then amend the
Standard to cover the new registration.
Each Registration Standard is based upon all data and information available to
the Agency's reviewers on a particular date prior to the publication date.
This "cut-off" date is stated at the beginning of the second chapter. Any
subsequent data submissions and any approved amendments will be incorporated
into the Registration Standard by means of addenda, which are available for
inspection at EPA in Washington, D.C., or copies of which may be requested from
the Agency. When all the present "data gaps" have been filled and the
submitted data have been reviewed, the Agency will revise the Registration
Standard. Thereafter, when the Agency determines that the internally
maintained addenda have significantly altered the conditions for registration
under the Standard, the document will be updated and re-issued.
While the Registration Standard discusses only the uses and hazards of products
containing the designated active ingredient (s), the Agency is also concerned
with the potential hazards of some inert ingredients and impurities.
-------
Independent of the development of any one Standard, the Agency has initiated
the evaluation of some inert pesticide ingredients. Where the Agency has
identified inert ingredients of concern in a specific product to which the
Standard applies, these ingredients will be pointed out in the Guidance Package,
8
-------
CHAPTER II: REGULATORY POSITION AND RATIONALE
A. Introduction
B. Description and Relationship of Chemicals
C. Classification Under Minor Use
D. Regulatory Position
E. Regulatory Rationale
F. Criteria for Registration Under the Standard
G. Acceptable Ranges and Limits
H. Required Labeling
I. Tolerance Reassessment
A. Introduction
This chapter presents the Agency's regulatory position and rationale based on
an evaluation of all registered products containing naphthaleneacetic acid, its
sodium, potassium and ammonium salts, ester and acetamide as the sole active
ingredients. After briefly describing the naphthaleneacetic acid, the parent
chemical of this Standard, this chapter presents the regulatory position and
rationale, and the criteria for registration of products containing this
chemical. These criteria include labeling considerations, and tolerance
reassessment. A summary of data requirements is contained in chapter III. Data
supporting this regulatory position are discussed in each of the disciplinary
chapters, IV through VIII.
B. Description of Chemical
Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) , its sodium and potassium salts, and its ester and
acetamide are plant growth regulators which are applied as either a ground or
aerial foliar spray to apples, pears, olives, quinces, pineapples and
ornamentals .
The structural formula for these chemicals are:
0-H 0~
I I
H0-C-C=0 H--C-CO
2 I 2 I
cAA
Naphthaleneacetic Acid Naphthaleneacetic Acid
Sodium Salt
-------
0~ K 0~
I I
H0-C-C=0 H0-C-00
2 | 2 ,
cAA
-------
The Agency estimates (Not derived from confidential business information
estmiates) that the production of NAA and all its salts, ester and acetamide,
during the most recent five year period, is between 7,000 to 15,000 pounds of
active ingredient in all formulated products per year.
11
-------
Accordingly, these chemicals are determined to be minor use chemicals. As a
result of this classification of minor use, many data requirements,
particularly in the areas of Toxicology, Residue Chemistry, Environmental Fate
and Ecological Effects have been waived in this Standard. Waiving these
requirements is a result of a review of the use patterns and potential exposure
to humans and wildlife, which indicates that exposure is likely to be minimal.
D. Regulatory Position
Based on a review of the available scientific data and other relevant
information from the open literature and submitted by registrants as of June,
1981 on naphthaleneacetic acid, its salts, ester and acetamide, the Agency has
made the following determinations:
1. Pesticide products containing these chemicals as active ingredients may
be registered, subject to the terms and conditions specified in this
Standard.
2. None of the risk criteria found in section 162.11(a) of Title 40 U.S. Code
of Federal Regulations has been met or exceeded for these active
ingredients.
3. No unreasonable adverse effects have been identified for these active
ingredients when used in accordance with label directions and limitations.
4. The registrant must develope or agree to develops additional data,
specified in chapter III, to maintain the existing registrations or to
permit new registrations.
5. The existing tolerances cannot be reassessed at this time because of the
limited residue data which are available. The limited residue data which
are available indicate that the established tolerances will not be
exceeded when use directions are followed.
E. Regulatory Rationale
Product chemistry, ecological effects, toxicology, residue chemistry and
environmental fate data available to support the registration of
naphthaleneacetic acid, its salts, ester and acetamide are extremely limited.
Therefore, no quantitative hazard or risk estimate could be performed for these
chemicals.
Exposure to these chemicals may occur through consumption of residues retained
in or on fruit and during application and mixing/loading of the formulated
product. Tolerances have been established for NAA on apples, pears and quinces
at 1 ppm, on olives at 0.1 ppm and on pineapples (as the sodium salt) at 0.05
ppm. Tolerances have also been established for the ethyl ester of NAA at 1 ppm
on apples and pears and 0.1 ppm on olives. Tolerance of 0.1 ppm have been
established for naphthaleneacetamide on apples and pears. These tolerances are
for NAA. Metabolites are not included in the tolerance expression.
12
-------
Because residue data are insufficient to properly reassess these tolerances,
the Agency has decided to request residue data in plants. While existing
residue data are meager, the Agency currently has no reason to suspect that
exposure to NAA, via residues on food, will cause adverse effects. After
submission of the required residue data, the Agency will reexamine the current
tolerances.
Spray drift during application is not expected to be a major vehicle of
exposure because of the high use-dilutions of these chemicals. Mixing/loading
of these chemicals, because of contact with the concentrated product, is
anticipated to result in significant respiratory, dermal and ocular exposure,
and is thus considered to be the major route of exposure. The use of goggles
and gloves will significantly reduce exposure during mixing/loading of end-use
products. Although dermal exposure to end-use products is high during
application to ornamentals, the methods of application and high use-dilutions
preclude significant exposure.
While data to assess the environmental fate of NAA do not meet the current
requirements, the Agency has determined that further environmental fate testing
is not required at this time because of the low application rates and minor use
status of these chemicals.
The Agency has not reviewed efficacy data for these chemicals because their use
does not affect the public health.
Although some data gaps remain, the Agency has concluded that it should
continue the registration for this chemical for the following reasons:
1. No adverse effects data of regulatory concern have been uncovered in the
review of the available studies which have been received, either in
studies sufficient to meet data requirements or in those which fail to
meet data requirements but which provide some basis for a qualitative
judgement.
2. No significant effects have been reported in the limited accident data
for these chemicals.
3. In accordance with FIFRA, the Agency's policy is not to routinely cancel
the registration of products merely because we lack data, or to withhold
registration merely for the lack of data. (See sections 3(c)(2)(B) and
3(c)(7) of FIFRA.) Rather, publication of the Standard provides a
mechanism for identifying data needs, and registration under the
Standard allows for upgrading of labels during the period in which the
required data are being generated. When these data are received, they
will be reviewed by the Agency. The Agency will then determine whether
these data will affect the registration of this chemical.
13
-------
F. Criteria for Registration Under the Standard
To be subject to this Standard, products must meet the following conditions:
- contain naphthaleneacetic acid, its salts, ester or acetamide; as single
active ingredients and
- bear required labeling; and
- conform to the acute toxicity limits, product composition and use
pattern requirements stated in section G below.
The applicant for registration or reregistration of products subject to this
Standard must comply with all terms and conditions described in this Standard
including a commitment to fill data gaps on a time schedule specified by the
Agency and, when applicable, offering to pay compensation to the extent
required by 3(c)(l)(D) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act (FIFRA), as amended, 7 U.S.C. 136(c) (1) (D). As discussed in Chapter I,
applicants for registration under this Standard must contact the Registration
Division for specific instructions, including updated information contained in
the guidance package on data requirements and companies whose data must be
cited and to whom compensation must be offered.
G. Acceptable Ranges and Limits
1. Manufacturing-Use Products
a. Product Composition Standard
Currently the Agency has no information on acceptable ranges and limits
for the product composition of manufacturing-use products containing these
chemicals. To be covered under this Standard, manufacturing-use products
containing these chemicals must propose acceptable ranges and limits for
both active and inert ingredients.
b. Acute Toxicity Limits
The Agency will consider registration of manufacturing-use products
containing these chemicals regardless of the toxicity category, provided
that they bear appropriate precautionary labeling.
c. Use Patterns and Application Methods
To be registered under this standard, manufacturing-use products
containing these chemicals must be labeled to allow for formulation only
into end-use products which are intended for use as:
1) synthetic plant growth hormones for use on apples, pears, olives for
thinning of fruit, and/or apples and pears to prevent preharvest
drop of fruit, and/or pinapples to induce flowering.
14
-------
2) synthetic plant growth hormones for use on ornamentals to stimulate
root growth, to delay leaf drop in holly, to prevent fruiting of
ornamental olive, catalpa, elm, norsechestnut and maple trees, and
to control resprouting from pruning wounds on certain deciduous
trees.
2. End-Use Products
a. Product Composition Standard
Currently the Agency has no information on acceptable ranges and limits
for the product composition of end-use products containing NAA, its salts
ester and acetamide. To be covered under this Standard, end-use
products containing these chemicals must propose acceptable ranges and
limits for both active and inert ingredients.
b. Acute Toxicity Limits
The Agency will consider registration of end-use products containing
these chemicals under a general-use classification, regardless of their
toxicity category, provided that they bear appropriate precautionary
labeling.
15
-------
c. Use Patterns and Application Methods
Currently, end-use products containing these chemicals are labeled as
plant growth regulators for one or more of the uses specified in table 1.
TABLE 1
Use Sites for NAA, its Salts, Ester and Acetamide
PRODUCT TYPE
DUSTS
WETTABLE POWDERS
EMULSIFIABLE
CONCENTRATES
SOLUBLE CONCENTRATES/
LIQUIDS
SOLUBLE CONCENTRATES/
SOLIDS
CRYSTALLINE
READY-TO-USE
PRESSURIZED LIQUIDS
USE SITE
Apples
Ornamentals
Apples & Pears
Ornamentals
Apples & Pears
Apples
Pears
Olives
Ornamentals
Apples & Pears
Pineapples
Ornamentals
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
NAA only
Acetamide only
NAA, Sodium Salt, Acetamide
Sodium Salt only
NAA only
NAA, Ammonium & Potassium
Salts, Acetamide
NAA, Ammonium & Potassium
Salts
Potassium Salt only
NAA, Potassium & Ammonium
Salts
Sodium Salt only
Sodium Salt only
Ester only
Under this Standard, end-use products containing any of the chemicals covered
in this Standard may be registered for any of the sites listed in table 1,
provided that those uses are appropriately covered by existing tolerances.
H. Required Labeling
All manufacturing-use and end-use products' containing these chemicals must bear
labeling as specified in 40 CFR 162.10. The guidance package for this Standard
contains specific information regarding label requirements. In addition, the
following specific labeling is required:
16
-------
1. Manufacturing-Use Products
All manufacturing-use products containing these chemicals must bear one or
both of the following statements on the label:
"For reformulation into products intended as growth regulators of
ornamentals."
"For reformulation into products intended as growth regulators for
apples, quinces, pears, pineapples, and/or olives."
These statements are necessary to identify the applicability of those data
requirements which are used to support manufacturing-use products intended
for use on food crops.
2. End-Use Products
Except for those end-use products containing methanol or the ethyl ester,
there are no unique precautionary statements which must appear on labeling of
all presently registered end-use products containing the chemicals covered in
this Standard.
a. Methanol
All end-use products containing methanol must bear the following statement:
"Contains methanol"
All end-use products which contain greater than 4 percent methanol must bear
the following additional statement:
"DANGER (skull & crossbones) POISON"
"Methanol may cause blindness. Harmfull or fatal if
swallowed. Vapor harmful. Avoid breathing spray,
mist or vapors. Avoid contact with skin."
b. Ethyl Ester
Based on data available on currently registered products, soluble concentrate
end-use products which presently contain 15.1% of the ethyl ester of NAA must
bear labeling indicating that the product is corrosive to the eyes and
irritating to the skin. Products presently containing this chemical must bear
label recommendations for the use of goggles (or face shield) and gloves.
Refer to the guidance package for an updated list of all precautionary
statements which must appear on these types of products. The Agency may, after
review of the data to be submitted under this Standard, impose additional label
requirements.
17
-------
I. Tolerance Reassessment
Tolerances have been established for NAA on apples, pears, and quinces at 1
ppm; on olives at 0.1 ppm; and in or on pineapples at 0.05 ppm (as the sodium
salt). Tolerances have also been established for the ethyl ester on apples and
pears at 1 ppm and on olives at 0.1 ppm. Tolerances of 0.1 ppm for the
acetamide of NAA have been established on apples and pears. No CODEX tolerances
exist for these chemicals.
Based on established tolerances, the theoretical human exposure to residues is
calculated to be 0.0425 mg/dy/1.5 kg of diet. This figure is based on the
average adult eating patterns and on the assumption that the foods contain
residues which meet the established tolerance levels.
Currently a tolerance of 1 ppm exists for NAA and its ethyl ester. The limited
amount of residue data currently available in addition to theoretical estimates
of residues, indicate that residues of these chemicals are significantly lower
than the present 1 ppm tolerance. The Agency has determined that some
additional residue data are required to confirm the previously measured
residues. If the requested data detect residues which are higher than those
previously measured additional toxicological data may be required to support
the present uses. Any future requests for new uses and/or tolerances may result
in the requirement for additional toxicological, environmental fate, ecological
effects and residue chemistry data.
18
-------
CHAPTER III: SUf-MARY OF DATA REQUIREMENTS AND DATA GAPS
A. Introduction
B. Group A Charts: Generic Data Requirements
C. Group B Charts: Manufacturing-Use Data Requirements
D. Group C Charts: Ehd-Use Product-Specific Data Requirements
A. Introduction
Applicants for registration of end-use naphthaleneacetic acid, its salts, ester
and acetamide products must cite or submit the following information on the
physical/chemical properties, composition, fate, residue chemistry, ecological
effects and toxicity of the proposed product. Data in this Standard that
satisfy registration requirements may be cited, if the applicant establishes
that the proposed product is substantially similar to another product for which
the Agency has received acceptable acute toxicity tests. Data may be cited
provided compensation has been offered to the submitters of these studies. The
Agency will consider both active and inert ingredients in the determination of
substantially similar products. (See Chapter I for discussion of substantially
similar products).
The section of the Proposed Guidelines which describes the type of data and
when it is required is listed before each requirement listed [43 FR, 29696 of
July 10, 1978; and 43 FR, 37336 of August 22, 1978]. Justification for the
required tests is provided in the Guidelines. Areas where this Standard differs
from the Guidelines are discussed in the Regulatory Rationale section of
Chapter II. Applicants for the reregistration of manufacturing-use or end-use
products containing naphthaleneacetic acid, its salts, ester and acetamide must
submit all information identified as data gaps for manufacturing-use and end-
use products, respectively (see charts). The footnotes to the charts offer an
explanation of additional data requirements or data waivers outside of the
guidelines. The data requirements specified are the minimum that will be
required. Areas where additional data may be required as the result of tiered
testing are indicated.
19
-------
DATA RTUHRfTIFWrS CHAW A
Hnplith.ilacctic Acid, its s»Us, Ester i Anotnnldo
Oonnric mt» Rxjuircwnto: TOXIGOIflGY
Guiifr.'liiics
Citation
N.«TX- Oi Tt'St
Are mt.i Gompnaition
tequired?
Uccs Em have data
to pnrtially or
totally • tisfy
this roqutronmt?
Bibliographic"
Citation
Mint acllit i(*t if
-------
DATA HFOuiwJiivrs CIIAJTT A
Nnphthalcntvicotlc Acid, its Silts, Put or t
Generic Dttn R>qulrrmmts:RrSmir
"GulA'llnos NTC of Test
Citntion
Mctabdllan In riant*
Metabolism in Animals
Analytical ftthods
Residue Ditai
Crops- Apples
Are mta
Required?
yes
yes
yes
yos
Composition
Representative
formulations
Rnprntmntativc
Formulations
Rnpresontatlvo
Formulations
Rnpresentatlvr
Formulations
Docs nm have
-------
DAW RRJUIREXmrS CHART B
NNphthalcncacotlc Acid, its Suits, Eater * Acctamidc
Manufacturing-Use Data Requirements! PRODUCT dimiSTRY
Guidel incs
Citation
163.61-3
163.61-4
163.61-5
163.61-6
163.61-7
163.64
Nome ol Test Arc Data
Required?
Product identity t yes
Disclosure of Ingredients
Description of yes
Hmuf.icturing Process
Discussion on Formulation yes
of Ui intentional Ingredients
Declaration t Certification yes
of mgrndicnts Limits
Product Analytical ftthods yes
t Data
Physical t Chemical yos
Properties
Composition
Bach Product
Bach Product
Ench Product
Rnch Product
Each Product
Itoch. Qrodo of A. I.
t F*ch Product
Docs BPA have data Bibliographic
to partially or Citation
totally sntlsfy
this requirement?
no
partial
no
no
no
no
Hist .-xWitlon.il d.11.1
be submitted ureVn.'
FIFRA 3(C)(2)(ni/
If so, clue wtun?
ycs/6 nmthfl i_ / £ /
yen/6 nantlis 2 / £ /
ycs/6 mnthn £ /
yos/6 «cntlis 2 / £ /
ycs/6 months
yes/ 4 /
those data requirements are current as of June. 1981. Ifcfcr to tho guidance package fnc updated requirements.
1.M1 impurities and Incrts in the technical chemicals produced by or for Orocmeod Chemical Gonpony, Hillmnstcr Oiyx Cbrroratlon and Acrto
Chemical Coupony must be identified. Formulations of all other technical products and chemicals covered by this Standard must be identified.
Z.Oonplctc information must be supplied by each manufacturer on the present manufacturing process, including data listed in 43 PR 29709.
3.1he upper and low;r limits of each active and inert Ingredient in manufacturing-use and cnd-uso products must be declared and cnrtifirxl. Ttv
upper limit tor cnch impurity, reaction product nnd degradation product must be provided. If not already cleared, all inert ingredients
contained in products with food uses must bo cleared by the registrant with the Food «nd nrug Administration.
4.Those requirements must bo fulfilled by each applicant. Data from other applicants may not be cited. Therefore, even if tho roqulremmt hns
been partially or completely fulfilled for some products, no references are given. FScccpt for 163.61-7, these requirements must be fulflllix!
at the above dates.
July. I"HI
22
-------
DATA REcuiramn-s CHART c
Nnphthalenoacctic Acid. its Salt*, Ester t Aorstomidc
Bid-Use Product-Specific Data Requirements: FRXUCT QIEMI.TmY
Guidelines
Citation
163.61-3
163.61-4
163.61-5
163.61-6
163.61-7
163.64
tl-no of TVst Arc Data Composition Docs EPA have data nihllogr.iphic Must txklitiai.il cMLj
Required? to partially or Citation be subroitt'-d urnV-r
totally satisfy FIFWV 3(c)(2)
-------
r«rm mcunvcms OIAW c
ttaffcthalcnoacatlc Arid, Its Salta, Hrtcr ft Anotaakto
BAd-Oas Raduct-flpnclflc tot* toqulroaentai
Guidelines Naao of lost Are Data
Citation ttoquirod?
SuUJHJK OONCEWIWITE8
A. Naphthalcneacctic Acid
GuafjuBition Dooa Cm navo data
to partially or
totally aatlafy
this raquiraaont?
Bibliographic taat •
Cltntion bo sub
PIPPA
If so,
rid it Una 1 Unta
•ittcrf under
3(c)(2)(n>?
duo «hm?
163.81-4 Friaury eya Irritation yas
B. tetaaalua Salt of N«rfrth»JonoacoUc Acid
163.81-4 Primary lyo Irritation yea
C. Naphthalcncaoctic Acid. Ethyl Eater
163.81-1 Acute Oral ttxiclty yoa
163.81-2 Acute Dcraal Ibxlclty yoa
163.81-3 Acute Inhalation Tt»icity yea
163.81-4 PrlHary Eye Irritation yos
0. riaphthalcnoacctaaido
163.81-4 rrlmnry FVD Irritation
•onulatlen
or flubatantially
Hteilar nraulatlona
Containing >50% OUcetono
or ftitroloiai Oil
Boob Mnulation
or AlMtantially
Similar nnulatlona
Ontalninq >25% laopropanol
no
Bieh Rjnnulation
or flttetantially
Siailar Itraulatlona
Bach nraulation
or eUatantlally
•araulatlons
Each Knulation
or Sktatantially
Stellar Ibnulatlona
Bach Rrwlation
or ftJMtantlally
liaiilar tabulation*
ye«
yoa
yoa
Knwdation
or adbatantlAlly
SiaiUflr Rnulationa
ODntaining >50% laooracanol
and Mrtillacr
yoa/t aantha
yoa/t aantha
OB002303*
OB0023032
GB0023034
(90023033
no
no
yoa/l aantha
These data requirements arc current an of Juno, IW1. Itofor to tho quidanao pocw»9O Cor updated roqulrcautta.
July, mi
-------
CHAPTER IV: PRODUCT CHEMISTRY
A. Product Chemistry - Manufacturing-Use Products
B. Product Chemistry - End-Use Products
C. Physical and Chemical Properties
D. Analytical Methods
E. Summary of Data Gaps
FIFRA 3(c)(2)(A) requires the Agency to establish guidelines for registering
pesticides in the United States. We require registrants to provided
quantitative data on all added ingredients, active and inert, which are equal
to or greater than 0.1% of the product by weight.
To establish the composition of products proposed for registration, the Agency
requires data and information not only on the manufacturing and formulation
processes, but also a discussion on the formation of manufacturing impurities
and other ingredients, intentional and unintentional, further, to assure that
the composition of the product as marketed will not vary from the composition
evaluated at the time of registration, applicants are required to submit a
statement certifying upper and lower limits for the added ingredients, and
upper limits only for some unintentional ingredients. Subject D suggests
specific precision limits for ingredients based on the percentage of ingredient
and the standard deviation of the analytical method.
In addition to the data on product composition, the Agency also requires data
to establish the physical and chemical properties of both the pesticide active
ingredient and its formulations. For example, data are needed concerning the
identity and physical states of the active ingredient (e.g., melting point and
boiling point data, ambient vapor pressure and solubility). Data are also
required on the properties of the formulated product to establish labeling
cautions (e.g., flammability, corrosivity or storage stability). The Agency
uses these data to characterize each pesticide and to determine its
environmental and health hazards.
A. Product Chemistry Manufacturing-Use Product
The technical grade of naphthaleneacetamide contains 98 percent of the
acetamide. The other technical grades contain 98 or 98.5 percent of
naphthaleneacetic acid or its sodium salt. The lack of identification of
impurities constitutes a data gap which must be filled. The physical/chemical
properties for technical 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and related chemicals covered
by this Standard are not available. In addition, the inert ingredients in many
manufacturing-use products containing these chemicals are not available and
constitute data gaps.
Several related chemicals (the ammonium, potassium and sodium salts, the ethyl
ester of naphthaleneacetic acid, and naphthaleneacetamide) are considered a
part of this Standard. The lack of product chemistry data on these chemicals
constitutes a data gap. Product chemistry data must be submitted on each
individual chemical.
25
-------
B. Product Chemistry - End-Use Products
There is little product chemistry data on many end-use products. The lack of
product chemistry data for these pesticides constitutes a data gap. Product
chemistry data must be submitted for all end-use products containing these
chemicals. The ingredients of all formulations must be identified to 0.1% in
accordance with the proposed guidelines. Those ingredients which have been
added intentionally to a food-use formulation must also be cleared under 40 CFR
180.1001. The identification of the inert ingredients in many end-use products
containing these chemicals are either not available or these ingredients have
not been cleared as inert ingredients in pesticides used on food crops.
Theseconstitute data gaps.
C. Physical and Chemical Properties
The physical and chemical properties can serve as a means of chemical
identification or as a confirmation of the reliability of other composition
data. The physical and chemical properties of technical, manufacturing-use and
formulated products containing NAA, its salts, ester and acetamide are
generally not available and, hence, constitute data gaps.
D. Analytical Methods
In order to ensure that products contain only those percentages of active
ingredients which they properly claim to contain, it is necessary to have
analytical methods to determine the concentration of active ingredients in each
formulation. In addition, the commercial production of pesticide chemicals,
reactions between pesticide ingredients, reactions with packaging materials, as
well as degradation during the long period over which some products may be
stored before use, can result in the formation of chemical impurities. Because
of the potential toxicity of these impurities, the Agency may require subroittal
of analytical methods for their assessment, both to improve the reliability of
the Agency's hazard assessment and to ensure that marketed products conform to
the standards of purity agreed upon by the pesticide producer.
Analytical methods for the determination of the percentage of NAA in Fruit Fix
Superconcentrate 800 (Crosby et al., MRID 000004943) and the percentage of the
ethyl ester of NAA in Amchem Sprout Inhibitor A112 (Amchem Products, MRID GS-
0023-012; Amchem Products, MRID GS-0023-019; Amchem Products, MRID GS-0023-036)
are inadequate by present scientific standards. The Agency has determined that
validation data (e.g. background values, recoveries, and method of sensitivity
for the active ingredient) for all formulations and analytical methods for the
identification and quantification of the active ingredients in all other
formulations, normally required for these chemicals, will not be required
because of the minor use status of these chemicals.
E. Summary of Data Gaps
A summary of the data gaps for product chemistry are listed in Chapter III.
26
-------
CHAPTER V: ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
A. Use Profile
B. Environmental Fate Profile - Manufacturing-Use Products
C. Exposure Profile - End-Use Products
D. Summary of EBta Gaps
A. Use Profile
Naphthaleneacetic acid, its salts, ester and acetamide are plant growth
regulators registered to (1) prevent pre-harvest drop of apples, pears,
quinces, olives, (2) thin fruit trees, (3) induce flower induction in
pineapples, (4) stimulate root growth on ornamentals and (5) delay leaf drop on
ornamentals. 7,000 to 15,000 pounds of active ingredient are produced per year
with the major portion used on apples and pears. Pineapples and ornamentals are
a small portion of the sites for these chemicals.
The abcission or lessening of uninjured fruits on a tree is a natural part of
the maturation process in fruit. The formation of a callous abcission
(separation) layer at the juncture of the fruit stem and the spur allows the
weakly held fruit to fall at maturity. NAA reduces release of fruit from trees
by slowing the formation of the abscission layer.
Because of its low solubility in water (0.042 g/100 ml), naphthaleneacetic acid
is usually sold in the form of a salt, ester or acetamide. Even though these
forms of NAA increase its solubility, NAA is reformulated with various inert
ingredients (alcohol, acetone, etc.) to promote even dispersal in use dilutions
of end-use products. These chemicals are formulated into dusts, wettable
powders, emulsifiable concentrates, soluble concentrates/liquid, soluble
concentrates/solids, granulars, pressurized liquids and ready-to-use liquids.
The percentage of active ingredient in these formulations varies from 0.002 to
98 percent.
These chemicals may be applied by either ground and aerial application
equipment at a concentration of approximately 10 ppn, but it may be necessary
to vary the concentration of these chemicals to obtain good drop control of
certain varieties of fruit. Application is made approximately 10 days prior to
picking or at the first sign of sound, fully seeded fruit dropping from the
tree. longer periods of drop control may be obtained in apples by spraying 14
to 20 days prior to picking with a repeat application seven to ten days later.
Coverage of the entire fruit tree is essential because these chemicals are
absorbed through the foliage and translocated only short distances within the
tree stems to the fruit. Application of these chemicals is usually accomplished
by ground rigs from air-blast sprayers. Approximately 1500 to 2000 gallons of
spray solution is applied on three to five acres per hour. A maximum of 70
acres of mature fruit bearing trees can be covered in a ten hour day. The
timing and rate of application is very critical because these chemicals require
approximately three days to become effective and their effectiveness lasts from
27
-------
10 to 14 days. Premature application will not prevent pre-harvest drop because
their effect will dissipate before drop begins. Late application will deliver
little or no benefit. To maintain effectiveness, application should be made at
temperatures above 70 F and when rain will not occur for several hours.
The thinning of fruit from trees is an essential part of orchard management.
The process of thinning involves the removal, by hand or chemical spraying, of
immature fruit. Thinning results in larger, more uniform fruit size, reduces
the size of fluctuations between harvests for biennial bearing trees, reduces
limb breakage, and maintains tree vigor.
Historically, thinning was performed by removing, by hand, of immature fruit
after a natural drop. Depending on the anticipated crop size, growers attempted
to strive for a uniform number of fruit per tree, or per cluster on a tree.
Thinning with chemical agents, such as NAA, provides a means to partially or
completely overcome the necessity of hand thinning and has now become a
standard commercial practice in many fruit growing areas of the U.S.
Chemical thinning agents are usually sprayed while the fruit is still
susceptable to the thinning effect, but after the leaves have reached a point
in their development where injury to foliage would be least likely to occur.
Because the results of thinning are highly variable, directions for use will
depend on the weather, amount of bloom, pollination, rate of application, time
of application and region of the country where the chemical is used.
The effectiveness of chemical thinning also depends upon the rate of absorption
by the leaves of the fruit tree. Absorption of thinning agents will vary
between fruits and between varieties of a fruit as well as whether a wetting
agent is used during application. Concentrations of these chemicals may be
lowered by 50% the recommended rates when a wetting agent is used in the spray
solutions. Finally, insufficient thinning one year does not necessarily warrent
an increase in the concentration the next year.
Thinning may be performed with either high or low volume equipment. The main
objective of effective spraying is calculation of proper dosage rates and
application of these chemicals to each tree so that each tree is thouroughly
covered. Failure to perform proper dosing and uniform coverage may result in
low thinning activity. Spray concentrations of up to 20 ppm are used for
thinning apples, up to 50 ppm for pears, and up to 150 ppm for thinning olives.
NAA is also used to induce flowering of pineapples at a rate of 25 grams A.I.
per acre applied as a spray solution. It is applied when most of the crop is
still in the vegetative stage. No more than two applications are made to the
crop.
B. Environmental Fate Profile
Limited data are available to assess the environmental fate of
naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
28
-------
Asperqillus niger appears to metabolize NAA to 5-hydroxy NAA. Other possible
products are the 4- and 6-hydroxy NAA isomers, as well as other phenolic or
naphtholic compounds (Clifford & Woodcock, MRID 005011538). Because the
metabolites identified in these studies are structurally related/ hydroxylation
thus appears to be a major route of degradation of NAA.
A coliform bacterium and two animal pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and
human type tubercle bacilli) are inhibited by NAA at 50 to 300 ppm, where as
avian type tubercle bacilli are not inhibited by NAA at 50 ppm (Loveless et
al., MRID 005005277) (Ukita et al., MRID 005010797). A yeast, Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, is inhibited 13 to 58 percent by NAA at 100 to 500 ppm. In
addition, large-cell mutants result from the induction of polyploidy (Doi et
al., MRID 005008826). Two mutants of Neurospora crassa are inhibited 12 to 68
percent by NAA at 10 to 50 ppm, but a wild type control strain was not studied
(Klein, MRID 005010966). An algae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, is inhibited 40 to
80 percent by NAA at 46 to 372 ppm (Grandich & Frans, MRID 005009027).
Thus, a wide range of microorganisms are inhibited by NAA at 10 to 500 ppm
which are concentrations far in excess of the highest expected level in the
soil (0.08 ppm). Most studies dealt with mutants, animal pathogens, or soil
microorganisms and therefore are of questionable importance. While none of the
studies reported the source and purity of the NAA used, these studies are
sufficient to provide an indication that high concentrations of NAA will
inhibit microorganisms.
In summary, although very little data are available to form a profile of the
environmental fate of NAA, 5-hydroxy NAA is a suspected fungal metabolite of
NAA. At very high concentrations, NAA is capable of inhibiting bacteria,
fungi, and algae and also of inducing polyploid mutants. The available data
suggest that currently approved NAA application rates will not have an effect
on soil microorganisms.'
Based on the minor use status of these chemicals and because the Agency would
not normally require the above data on microorganisms, the above studies are
for information only and need not be cited or submitted by applicants.
No other data exist on the environmental fate of these chemicals. Because these
minor use chemicals, are applied at very low application rates (25 to 35 grams
per acre), and are applied only once or twice per year, the Agency has
determined that exposure to humans and wildlife is likely to be minimal.
Accordingly, further environmental fate data requirements have been waived.
C. Exposure Profile
1. Introduction
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) is registered for use on orchard crops and
ornamentals as a growth regulator. Its total annual use is between 7,000 to
15,000 pounds. Thirty to fifty percent of this production is used primarily on
apples and 20 to 30 percent of this production is used on pears. Ten to
thirtypercent of the yearly production account for ornamental uses, with use on
olive and pineapple crops each accounting for less than 10 percent of the
29
-------
pounds of this production. On apples and pears, NAA is applied to chemically
thin the fruit or to prevent preharvest drop. Ornamental uses are mainly for
root growth stimulation and for delaying leaf drop. The present formulations of
these chemicals are listed in table 2.
TABLE 2
REGISTERED FORMULATIONS OF NAA, ITS SALTS, ESTER & ACETAMIDE
CHEMICAL FORMULATION TOPE
D EC SC/L SC/S WP RTU CR PrL
(%ai) (Ib/gal ai) (Ib/gal ai) (%ai) (%ai) (%ai) (%ai) (%ai)
NAA 072 oTol6 0.04-0.28 375
Sodium Salt 3.5-98 2.0 & 98
7.11
Potassium Salt
Ammonium Salt 0.44 &
1.76
Ethyl Ester 1.0 1.0
Acetamide 0.4 0.176 8.4
D=dust; EC= emulsifiable concentrate; SC/L= soluble concentrate/liquid; SC/S=
soluble concentrate/solid; WP= wettable powder; RTU= ready-to-use; CR=
crystalline; PrL= pressurized liquid; IM= impregnated material
NAA formulations (D, WP, EC, SC/L, SC/S, and Cr) are applied as foliar sprays
to fruit crops, either aerially or using ground equipment that directs the
spray up into the trees. Applications for ornamental uses include soil drench
(SC/L), manual spraying (WP and SC/L), and dipping plant cuttings (D and SC/L).
2. Foliar Applications
No data are available to assess the environmental fate of NAA and subsequent
potential for exposure to humans and wildlife. Similarly, no data are available
to quantify the exposure that applicators and their helpers may experience in
the handling and application of NAA.
All formulations, except the RTU and PrL formulations, are registered for use
as foliar sprays. While spray drift from high-pressure spray equipment and
aerial applications may expose humans, livestock, and wildlife outside of the
application site, the major exposure will be to workers mixing, loading, and
applying NAA. Respiratory and dermal exposure may result from "puff back" of
the dry formulations during mixing; ocular exposure could occur during mixing
of the liquid formulation. The use of protective clothing should eliminate any
hazard associated with this route of exposure.
30
-------
These chemicals are usually applied by a single person using air blast
equipmentcontrolled from a tractor for 8 to 10 hours per day. Mixing/loading of
the chemicals and refueling of the tractor occurs approximately 12 to 15 times
per day, averaging 10 minutes per stop. A second individual, driving a supply
truck, may be involved in application. This second individual may be exposed to
the spray drift or solution for not more than 5 to 10 minutes for each hour of
spraying.
The air blast equipment used to with these chemicals will apply 200 to 300
gallons per acre, with spray particles reaching a height of up to 25 feet,
depending on the orientation of the upper bank of nozzles, air direction vanes
on the top of the sprayer, wind conditions, etc.
Regular work clothes are usually worn by the tractor driver and the refilling
helper. Coveralls may be worn by some workers and rubber gloves may be worn by
individuals handling the concentrated product. Approximately 25% of the tractor
operators work in enclosed cabs.
3. Soil Drench and Dip Applications
Ornamental uses of NAA include a soil drench to stimulate rooting and a dip for
plant cuttings. Dermal exposure would result to workers during these
procedures. However, such exposure will be extremely small considering the
small amount of active ingredient found in use dilutions of these chemicals.
The half-life of NAA in potting soil and on cut plant surfaces is not known.
D. Summary of Data Gaps
Because of the low application rate and the minor use status of these chemicals
the Agency has determined that further environmental fate testing is not
required.
31
-------
CHAPTER VI: TOXICOLOGY
A. Toxicology Profile
B. Human and Domestic Animal Hazard Assessment
C. Summary of Data Gaps
A. Toxicology Profile
1. TECHNICAL CHEMICALS
a. Napthaleneacetic Acid (NAA)
1) Acute Effects
No data were available to assess the acute oral, acute dermal and acute
inhalation toxicities of technical NAAf nor are data available to assess the
primary eye irritation, primary dermal irritation, and dermal sensitization
potential of technical NAA. The above acute toxicity tests must be performed on
technical NAA and are so identified in Chapter III of this Standard.
2) Subchronic Effects
In a range-finding study (Huntingdon Research Center, MRID GS-0023-001) male
and female Sprague-Dawley rats were given 250, 1000 or 4000 mg/kg/day technical
NAA by gavage for 10 consecutive days. All the animals at the highest dose and
one female in the 1000 mg/kg/day dose group died after two to three days.
Clinical signs of toxicity which preceded death, included dyspnea, ataxia,
lethargy and prostration. Dose related depressions in body weight gain and food
consumption were observed. The incidence of gross pathological alterations,
which included discolored lungs, liver or kidneys, distended bladder and G.I.
tract, was greater in the treated groups. From the doses tested, 250 mg/kg/day
appeared to be the maximum tolerated dose.
In another range finding study (Verschuuren et al., MRID 005008106) male and
female Wistar rats were fed diets containing 0, 50, 250, 1,250 or 7,500 ppm
technical 1-NAA for two weeks. Evidence of toxicity included liver glycogen
depletion at the two highest doses, accompanied by a slight increase in
relative liver weight at 7500 ppm and a nonsignificant increase in serum SGPT
activity at this dose. In addition, an increase in the relative kidney weight
at 1250 and 7500 ppm was significant in males. Histological examination
demonstrated some changes in the tubular epithelial cells of the kidneys in
rats at the 2 highest doses. These changes in the renal tubules were indicative
of proteinosis which is caused by the leakage of proteins from the glomeruli
and subsequent resorption in the proximal tubes.
Verschuuren et al. (MRID 005008106) also investigated the effect of feeding
technical 1-NAA (% A.I. unspecified) in the diet at 0, 200, 1000 or 5000 ppm to
male and female rats for 90 days. This study provided supplemental information
about the subchronic toxicity of 1-NAA in rats. A reduction in growth and food
consumption was observed in males at the highest dose and was accompanied by an
increase in the relative liver weight and an induction of liver microsomal
enzymes in these same animals. These results demonstrated a dose related
32
-------
reduction in liver glycogen depletion (which was more severe in females) and a
centrolobular decrease in liver glucose-6-phosphatase at all levels. Because of
these findings, a NOEL could not be determined from this study. The authors
indicated that the renal tubular changes observed in the two week range finding
study were not observed at 200, 1000 or 5000 ppm in the 90 day study.
The subchronic oral toxicity of technical NAA in rats could be adequately
assessed in a 90-day feeding study (CDC RESEARCH, MRID GS-0023-002) in which
male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0, 50, 150 or 500 mg/kg/day of
technical NAA in the diet. In this study, body weight gain depression
(approximately 12 to 13%) was observed in males and females at 500 mg/kg/day.
In addition, a significant increase in both relative and absolute liver weight
was observed in females at the highest dose. The data indicated a NOEL of 150
mgAg/day. The authors reported that there was no evidence microscopically of
hepatic centrolobular glycogen depletion as reported previously (Veschuuren et
al., MRID 005008106). This study fulfills the subchronic oral toxicity data
requirement in rats.
In a six-month subchronic oral toxicity study (Elars Bioresearch Laboratories,
MRID GS-0023-031) technical NAA (in gelatin capsules) was given to male and
female beagle dogs at doses of 0, 50, 150 and 300 mg/kg/day. Glycogen
depletion and degenerative changes in the liver were observed at 150 and 300
mg/kg/day. Also, two of eight dogs at 50 mg/kg/day showed slight evidence of
pericholangitis that was similar in nature to lesions in the livers of dogs
given 150 and 300 mg/kg/day. This study indicates that the dog is more
sensitive to the toxic effects of NAA than the rat. A NOEL of 50 mg/kg/day is
established from this study based on the following considerations:
- pericholangitis at the lowest dose level was slight and reflects a
very low to no effect on liver function,
- the lesion is reversible and reflects a slight inflamation process
resticted to the portal areas of the liver
- while dose related, the lesion is considered to be mild.
No further subchronic oral testing in the dog is required.
An adequate study was available to assess the teratogenic potential of
technical NAA in rats. (Huntington Research Center, MRID GS-0023-044). In
this study technical NAA at concentrations of 0, 10, 50 or 250 mgAg (in
supension with 0.05% sodium carboxymethylcellulose) was given (by gavage) to
pregnant CD rats on gestation days 6 through 15. No teratological effects were
observed. A decrease in maternal body weight was observed at 250 mg/kg,
however this was not accompanied by fetotoxicity. The data indicated that the
NOEL for teratology for NAA technical in rats is greater than 250 mg/kg. The
NOEL for maternal toxicity was 50 mgAg. This study fulfills the teratology
data requirement for NAA in one mammalian species. Testing in a second species
is required.
33
-------
3) Chronic Effects
In a 19 month oncogenicity study (Bionetics Research Labs, MRID 005010016) NAA,
at 100 mg/kg by a single subcutaneous injection (in DMSO) or at 215 mg/kg by
oral intubation (in 0.5% gelatin) for 21 days and in the diet at 517 ppm for
the remainder of 18 months, was evaluated for carcinogenicity in two hybrid
strains of mice, B6C3F1 and B6AKF1. No significant difference was observed
between the tumor incidence of mice treated with NAA and mice in the negative
control groups. However, the number of animals tested in each group was too
small to adequately evaluate the carcinogenic potential of NAA in mice. In
addition, the sensitivity of this assay is diminished since, one of the
chemicals used as a positive control, isosafrole, gave equivocal evidence of
oncogenicity. While this study does not meet the Agency's current requirements
for oncogenicity testing, it does provide an initial screen of the oncogenic
potential of NAA. Since positive results were not demonstrated and since these
chemicals are minor use chemicals, the Agency has determined that further
oncogenicity testing will not be required at this time.
4) Mutagenic Effects
Adequate data were available to assess the mutagenic potential of technical 1-
NAA in bacterial assays. In a study, (Pharmakon Laboratories, MRID GS-0023-
041) 1-NAA at concentrations of 0.5, 2, 8, 40, 200, 1000 or 5000 ug/plate was
non-mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA
98 and TA 100 when tested with and without metabolic activation. This assay
detects reverse mutations resulting from base pair substitution or frameshift
events. The data can be considered sufficient to fulfill the mutagenicity data
requirement for microbial point mutation testing.
In another study, (Pharmakon Labortories, MRID GS-0023-040) technical 1-NAA (in
water or 10% DMSO) at concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 ug/plate did not produce
a zone of inhibition when added to cultures of Escherichia coli DMA repair
deficient strain P 3478 or DMA repair competent strain W3110, with and without
metabolic activation. Positive controls, ethylmethanesulfonate and
diethylnitrosamine did cause zones of inhibition under similar testing
conditions. The lack of a zone of inhibition with 1-NAA in this assay should
be interpreted as demonstrating that NAA does not interact with DMA in
Escherichia coli.
Studies were available to assess the effects of technical 1-NAA in yeast.
(Pharmacon Laboratories, MRID GS-0023-037; Pharmacon Laboratories, MRID GS-0023-
038; Pharmacon Laboratories, MRID GS-0023-039). In these assays, technical 1-
NAA was evaluated for its effects on mitotic crossing over, reverse mutation
and gene conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D-7.
—6 —2
In the mitotic crossover assay, 1-NAA at concentrations of 10 to 10 M
did not have mutagenic activity in heteroallelic ade 2-40/ade 2-119 diploid
strain D-7 Saccharomyces cervisiae, when tested without metabolic activation.
In a reverse mutation assay, 1-NAA at concentrations of 10 to 10 n did
not have mutagenic activity in homoallelic ilv - I - 92/ilv - I- 92 diploid
strain D-7 Saccharomyces cervisiae, when tested without metabolic activation.
34
-------
In the mitotic gene conversion assay 1-NAA at concentrations of 10 to 2.1
xlO M did not have mutagenic activity in heterallelic diploid trp 5-12/trp 5-
27 strain D-7 Saccharomyces cervisiae, when tested without metabolic
activation.
The above assays indicated that 1-NAA was nontoxic to the yeast at
concentrations as high as 10 M. This finding and the lack of genetic
activity in all three assays indicate that 1-NAA is inactive in Saccharomyces
cervisiae strain D-7 yeast.
In another study (Doi et al., MRID 005008826), NAA was evaluated for its
ability to induce large cell mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid strain
H 40. This study suggests that NAA, at 500 ug, induced changes in the ploidy of
these cells. These data cannot be interpreted as indicating that NAA has
genetic activity in this strain of yeast because a change in ploidy does not
necessarily reflect an effect on DNA.
Supplementary data were available to evaluate the ^n vivo cytogenetic effects
of technical 1-NAA (Pharmakon Laboratories, MRID GS-0023-042). In a study, male
and female mice were pretreated for two days with 60 or 125 mg/kg of NAA (in
water) by intraperitoneal injection. Six hours after the second dose the
animals were killed, their femurs were removed and the bone marrow aspirated.
Polychromatic erythrocytes were counted for the presence of micronuclei (an
indication of chromosomal breaking effects of the chemical). The results for
NAA were negative while TEN (triethylenemelamine), the positive control, gave a
statistically significant increase (over vehicle control) in the number of
micronuclei per 1000 polychromatic erythrocytes. Since no cell counts were
made, the sensitivity of this assay is diminished. It is possible that NAA was
toxic to the cells; in this event, an increased number of micronuclei may not
have been, detected.
A dominant lethal study with technical 1-NAA is available (Pharmakon
Laboratories, MRID GS-0023-043). In this study male rats were given 1-NAA in
0.25% methylcellulose by oral intubation at concentrations of 125, 250 or 500
mgAg for fiye consecutive days. Subsequently the males were mated with virgin
females. Ma tings were repeated for a total of eight weeks. Vehicle and
positive control (triethylenemelamine (TEN) groups were run under similar
testing conditions. The results indicated that NAA did not produce dominant
lethal effects in male rats as measured by preimplantation and post-
implantation losses. Post-implantation fetal deaths were significantly
increased after the first four matings in dams mated to males given TEN, the
positive control. This study is adequate to assess the dominant lethal effect
of NAA. It can be concluded that NAA, at concentrations as high as 500 mg/kg,
does not produce dominant lethal effects in rats.
The above identified studies are adequate to evaluate NAA for its mutagenic
potential. Although some of the studies, by themselves, were insufficient to
assess the mutagenic potential of NAA, as a whole the data indicate that NAA
has a low potential for inducing genetic effects. Further mutagencity testing
with NAA, its salts, ester and acetamide is not required.
35
-------
5) Metabolic Effects
An adequate metabolism study is available with carboxyl-labeled
naphthaleneacetic acid Ci4(l-NAA-C14) in rats. (Letcho and Brouwer, MRID
000004942). In this study, male rats were given single oral doses of 0.1, 1.0,
100 or 250 mg of 1-NAA-C (in sodium hydroxide). Radioactivity in the urine
and feces was monitored daily for three days. The results indicated that 71 to
90% of the radiolabel was excreted in the urine and 3 to 21% was excreted in
the feces within three days. The two major urinary metabolites (70 to 93%) were
naphthaceturic and naphthacetyglucosiduronic acids. It was observed that at the
lower doses, approximately 90% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine
in the first 24 hours.
In this study, rats with cannulated bile ducts were given single oral doses of
0.1 or 100 mg of 1-NAA-C . The radioactivity of the urine and bile was
monitored every two hours (up to six hours). The results showed that 4 to 21%
of the radiolabel collected during this time was biliary, while 1 to 53% of it
was urinary. At the high dose, the major metabolite was the glucuronic acid
conjugate (i.e. naphthylglucosiduronic acid) while at the low dose the major
metabolite was the glycine conjugate (i.e. napthylaceturic acid). In summary,
this study indicated that 1-NAA and its metabolites are rapidly excreted in the
urine and feces of rats* In addition, it was shown that rats have a greater
capacity for glucuronic acid conjugation.
Additional information concerning the metabolism of 1 NAA-C in man,
primates, rodents, cat and bat was available (Dixon et al., MRID 005008052). In
this study 100 mg/kg of 1-NAA-C (in sodium hydroxide) was given
intramuscularly to 6 primate species, intraperitoneally to the cat, rat and
bat, and orally to the rabbit. In addition, 5 mg of 1-NAA-C (orally) was
given to a man. In most species tested 60 to 100% of the radioactivity was
excreted in the urine by 48 hours. The glucuronic acid conjugate was the major
urinary metabolite in man, rhesus monkey, marmoset, rabbit, rat and fruit bat.
In the cat, no glucuronic acid conjugate was excreted; taurine and glycine
conjugates were the major excretion products.
Also, in this.study female rats with cannulated bile ducts were given 5 to 500
mg/kg 1-NAA-C intraperitoneally. After three hours, 10 to 44% of the
radioactivity was present in the bile and 0.6 to 32% was present in the urine.
At the highest doses, glucuronic acid conjugation predominated whereas at the
lower doses there appeared to be a similar amount of glycine and glucuronic
acid conjugation.
The above data are adequate to characterize the metabolism of 1-NAA. It is
expected that the ethylester of 1-NAA and naphthaleneacetamide will be
metabolized similarly once they are degraded to their respective alcohol and
salt, and NAA by gastro-intestinal esterases and amidases. No additional
metabolism studies are required with these chemicals.
36
-------
b. Salts
1) Acute Effects
No data were available to assess the acute oral, acute dermal and acute
inhalation toxicities of the technical sodium, potassium or ammonium salts of
NAA. Since it is expected that the acute toxicities of the sodium and
potassium salts of NM will be comparable to those of the acid, testing with
these chemicals is not required. The acute toxicity of the ammonium salt will
be assessed once the data are available for the acid.
No data were available to assess the primary eye irritation, primary dermal
irritation and dermal sensitization potentials of the technical sodium,
potassium or ammonium salts. It is expected that sodium and potassium salts of
NAA will have similar eye and dermal irritation potentials and dermal
sensitization potentials as the acid; therefore, testing of these chemicals is
not required.
The ammonium salt is not expected to cause dermal irritation or dermal
sensitization greater than that resulting from exposure to the acid; therefore,
these tests are not required. However, the ammonium salt may have eye irritant
properties that are greater than those caused by exposure to the acid;
therefore, an eye irritation study with this salt is required.
2) Subchronic/Chronic/Mutgenicity Effects
Subchronic, chronic and mutagenicity toxicity testing with the technical
sodium, potassium or ammonium salts is not required, since the subchronic,
chronic and mutagenic toxicity of these chemicals is expected to result from
exposure to the acid.
c. Ester
1) Acute Effects
An adequate acute oral toxicity study in rats (Affiliated Medical Research,
MRID GS-0023-048) was available with technical NAA- ethyl ester. In this
study, NAA-ethyl ester in water, was given to three groups of male rats by oral
intubation. The LD5Q was determined to be 3580 + 333.3 mg/kg. Gross autopsy
findings from the animals that died during the study included hemorrhagic
stomach, intestines and lungs, fluid and gas filled intestines and stomach,
discolored spleen and kidneys, mottled liver, dialated mesenteric blood
vessels, wet genital area and bloody nose. These data are sufficient to
fulfill the acute oral toxicity data requirement for the technical ethyl ester
of NAA and place this product in Toxicity Category III.
An adequate acute dermal toxicity study in rabbits with technical NAA ethyl
ester was available. (Affiliated Medical Research, MRID GS-0023-047). In this
study the acute dermal LD5Q in male albino rabbits was determined to be
greater than 5 g/kg. No mortality was observed when four male albino rabbits
were given 24 hour dermal exposure to 5 gAg of technical NAA-ethyl ester. The
37
-------
test material was applied to the shaved, unabraded skin under an occlusive
rubber wrap. No signs of toxicity or gross pathological alterations were
observed. These data are sufficient to fulfill the acute dermal toxicity data
requirement for the technical ethyl ester of NAA and place this product in
Toxicity Category III.
Sufficient data were available to assess the acute inhalation toxicity of
technical NAA ethyl ester in rats. (Affiliated Medical Research, MRID GS-0023-
046). In this test, the LC5Q was determined to be greater than 206.5 mg/L.
No mortalities were observed when six male albino rats were given one hour
inhalation exposure to a nominal concentration of 206.5 mg/L of aerosol
technical ethyl ester of NAA in a 50% suspension with water. Following
exposure, signs of toxicity were irritation and lethargy. The animals appeared
normal by the second day. No gross pathological alterations were observed.
These data are adequate to fulfill the acute inhalation toxicity data
requirement and place technical ethyl ester of NAA in toxicity category IV.
The above data indicate a low acute toxicity potential for the ethyl ester in
humans.
Adequate data were available to evaluate the primary eye irritation potential
of technical NAA-ethyl ester. (Affiliated Medical Research, MRID GS-0023-
045). In this study, 0.1 ml of the test chemical was instilled into the left
conjunctival sac of the eyes of nine male albino rabbits. Six eyes were washed
two or four seconds after instillation. No irritation was observed to the
cornea, iris or conjunctiva in washed and unwashed eyes. The primary eye
irritation score was 0 (out of a possible 110). These data are sufficient to
fulfill the primary eye irritation data requirement for the technical ethyl
ester of NAA. The chemical should not be considered a primary eye irritant and
it should be placed in Toxicity Category IV.
Since the ethyl ester did not produce eye irritation in rabbits and since no
gross pathological skin alterations were observed in rabbits in an acute dermal
toxicity study with this chemical, it is expected that the ethyl ester will
have a low potential for dermal irritation in humans. No further dermal
irritation testing is required.
No data were available to assess the dermal sensitization potential of the
ester. It is expected that the dermal sensitization potential of this ester
will be similar to that of the acid; therefore, additional testing is not
required.
2) Subchronic/Chronic/Mutagenic Effects
In an inadequate study by- Finch and Hartzell (MRID 005022160), female mice were
fed diets containing 0, 0.95, 9.5, 29 or 86 ppm of alpha naphthalene acetic
acid methyl ester for 1-1/2 to 2 years. No significant differences in body
weight gain or survival and no pathological alterations attributed to the test
material were reported. The study was insufficient to assess the chronic
38
-------
toxicity of NAA; the number of animals treated at each dose level was low (20
mice/dose) and only females were tested. Animals were housed in group cages
and weighed by group; individual body weights were not determined. There was no
food consumption data, clinical testing was not performed, and
histopathological examinations were not made.
Finch and Hartzell (MRID 005022160) also investigated the reproductive effects
of alpha naphthalene acetic acid methyl ester in the diet at concentrations of
0, 0.95, 9.5 29 or 86 ppm in mice. No reproductive toxicity, through the third
generation was observed however, the study is insufficient to evaluate the
reproductive toxicity of NAA. The number of animals bred was low and females
were bred to yield only one litter. Inadequate information was available for
fertility, lactation and viability. No body weight data were available for the
pregnant dams, and no data were available for gestation. There were no
observation data for the pups; there were no data to indicate the number of
pups found dead at birth. The data for pup body weight was inadequate and there
were no pathology data for the pups. In addition, the authors indicated that no
toxicity was observed even at the highest doses.
While the above studies were performed with the methyl ester and do not meet
with current scientific standards, the Agency has determined that additional
reproductive and chronic feeding testing with technical NAA will not be
required at this time, since these chamicals are minor use chemicals and
available data do not indicate major concerns in these areas.
Subchronic, chronic and mutagenicity toxicity testing with the technical ethyl
ester of NAA is not required, since the subchronic, chronic and mutagenic
toxicity of this chemical is expected to result from exposure to the acid,
through ^n vivo metabolism.
d. Acetamide
1) Acute Effects
Because these are minor use chemicals no acute testing with technical
naphthaleneacetamide is required at this time.
2) Subchronic/Chronic/Mutagenic Effects
Subchronic, chronic and mutagenicity toxicity testing with the technical
naphthaleneacetamide is not required, since the subchronic, chronic and
mutagenic toxicity of this chemical is expected to result from exposure to the
acid, through ^n vivo metabolism.
2. FORMULATED PRODUCTS
a. Soluble Concentrates
1) NAA
Because these are minor use chemicals, except for the primary eye irritation
study mentioned below, no acute toxicity testing will be required at this time,
39
-------
Primary eye irritation testing with soluble concentrates containing greater
than 50% petrolium oil or diacetone is required.
2) Salts
Sodium Salt
Because these are minor use chemicals, no acute toxicity testing will be
required at this time.
Potassium Salt
Because these are minor use chemicals, except for the primary eye irritation
study mentioned below, no acute toxicity testing will be required at this time.
Primary eye irritation testing with soluble concentrates containing the greater
than 25% isopropanol is required.
Ammonium Salt
Because these are minor use chemicals no acute toxicity testing will be
required at this time.
3) Ester
An adequate acute oral toxicity study in rats with a soluble concentrate
containing 15.1% NAA-ethyl ester was available. (Affiliated Medical Research,
MRID GS-0023-035). In this study, the test material (in water) was given to
three groups of male rats by oral intubation. The LD5Q was determined to be
5585 + 760 mg/kg. Signs of toxicity included hypoactlvity in one rat at the
highest dose (lOg/kg), from one hour after dosing until death. Gross autopsy
findings from the animals that died during the study included hemorrhagic
stomach, intestines and lungs, fluid and gas filled intestines and stomach,
blanched and slightly pitted kidneys, mottled spleen, bloody nose and stained
genital area. These data are sufficient to fulfill the acute oral toxicity
data requirement for the 15.1% soluble concentrate of NAA-ethyl ester and place
the product in Toxicity Category IV.
An adequate acute dermal toxicity study in rabbits was available with a soluble
concentrate containing 15.1% NAA-ethyl ester (Affiliated Medical Research, MRID
GS-0023-032). In this study, the LD_Qwas determined to be greater than 5
g/kg. No mortality was observed when four male albino rabbits were given 24
hour dermal exposure to 5 gAg of the product. The test material was applied
to the shaved, unabraded skin of the rabbits under an occlusive rubber wrap.
No signs of toxicity were observed. Gross pathological examination indicated
eschar formation at the site of application. These data are sufficient to
fulfill the acute dermal toxicity data requirement for the 15.1% soluble
concentrate of NAA-ethyl ester and place this product in toxicity Category III.
40
-------
Adequate data were available to assess the acute inhalation toxicity of a
soluble concentrate containing 15.1% NAA ethyl ester in rats. (Affiliated
Medical Research, MRID GS-0023-034). In this study, the LC5Q was determined
to be greater than 217.1 mg/L. No mortalities were observed* when 6 male albino
rats were given one hour inhalation exposure to a nominal concentration of
217.1 mg/L of the soluble concentrate in a 50% w/v emulsion with water.
Following exposure, signs of toxicity were irritation and lethargy. The
animals appeared normal by 8-24 hours after exposure. No abnormal gross
pathological alterations were observed. These data are sufficient to fulfill
the acute inhalation toxicity data requirement for the 15.1% soluble
concentrate of NAA ethyl ester and place this product in Toxicity Category IV.
the above data indicate a low acute toxicity potential for the 15.1% ethyl
ester in humans.
Adequate data were available to evaluate the primary eye irritation potential
of a soluble concentrate containing 15.1% of NAA-ethyl ester. (Affiliated
Medical Research, MRID GS-0023-033). In this study the test chemical was
determined to be a primary eye irritant. When 0.1 ml of the test material was
instilled into the left conjunctival sac of the eyes of nine male albino
rabbits (with six of the eyes being washed two to four seconds after
instillation) corneal opacity that persisted for at least seven days was
observed in eight out of nine eyes. In addition, moderate to severe irritation
of the conjunctiva and iris persisted for at least seven days in some animals.
At 14 days, damage that was described as irreversible by the pathologist was
observed. These data are sufficient to evaluate the primary eye irritation
potential of the 15.1% soluble concentrate of NAA-ethyl ester and place the
product in Toxicity Category I; indicating that the product is corrosive and
may cause irreversible eye damage in humans.
No data were available to evaluate the primary dermal irritation or dermal
sensitization potential of products containing 15.1% of the ethyl ester.
Testing is not required at this time.
4) Acetamide
Because these are minor use chemicals, except for the primary eye irritation
study mentioned below, no acute toxicity testing will be required at this time.
Primary eye irritation testing with soluble concentrates containing greater
than 50% isopropanol and greater than 50% fertilizer is required.
b. Wettable Powders/Dusts
Because these are minor use chemicals no acute toxicity testing will be
required at this time.
c. Pressurized Liquids
Because these are minor use chemicals no acute toxicity testing will be
required at this time.
41
-------
B. Human and Domestic Animal Hazard Assessment
The present uses of these chemicals indicate that the actual residues on foods
would be extremely low. Actual residues and theoretical calculations of
residues, presented in the Environmental Pate chapter, confirm that residues
will be extremely low.
Despite the fact that the method of application will result in high exposure to
the spray, the very low amounts of active ingredient in the spray will result
in a low exposure.
Acute exposure of applicators to the concentrated form of these chemicals
during mixing/loading constitutes a scenario of concern to the Agency. Data
which demonstrate the acute toxicity category associated with the technical
chemicals are the Agency's primary concern and these concerns are reflected in
the Agency's data requirements.
C. Summary of Major Toxicology Data Gaps
Many of the studies which have been reviewed meet the Agency's current
requirements. Some studies (e.g., oncogenicity, reproduction) are inadequate
but do not indicate major concerns in these areas. Because the available data
do not indicate major toxicological concerns and because these are minor use
chemicals with low dietary and applicator exposure, the Agency has determined
that no further testing, except for some acute and irritation studies and a
teratogenicity study listed in Chapter III, will be required at this time.
42
-------
CHAPTER VII: RESIDUE CHEMISTRY
A. Residue Chemistry Profile
B. Summary of Data Gaps
A. Residue Chemistry Profile
Naphthaleneacetic acid is marketed in the U.S. as a plant growth regulator to
control fruit drop or thinning on apples, pears, quinces, and olives and to
control flower induction on pineapples. Tolerances have been established for
NAA on apples, pears, and quinces at 1 ppm; on olives at 0.1 ppm; and in or on
pineapples at 0.05 ppm (as the sodium salt) (40 CFR 180.155). Tolerances have
also been established for the ethyl ester on apples and pears at 1 ppn and 0.1
ppn on olives (40 CFR 180.309). Tolerances have also been established for the
acetamide on apples and pears at 0.1 ppn (40 CFR 180.309). No tolerances are
pending, fto CODEX tolerances exist for these chemicals.
The major residue in olives is NAA, the parent compound. Metabolites in olives
are 1-naphthaleneacetylaspartic acid (NAAsp) and B-D-glucose-1-
naphthaleneacetate (NAG) (Crosby et al., MRID 000004943). The major residue in
apples and pears is B-D-glucose-1-naphthaleneacetate, followed by 1-
naphthaleneacetylaspartic acid, and then by NAA (Bukovac et al., MRID
005009196). Although no metabolism data are available on pineapples, data on
other fruits indicate that NAG, NAAsp, and NAA would be the residues of
concern, although not necessarily in that order. Metabolism data on apples can
be applied to quinces since these two fruits are related and quinces are a
minor crop use for these chemicals. The metabolism of NAA in plants is
adequately defined and no further testing is required. Metabolism data on
related compounds (i.e. the salts, ester, and amide of NAA) are not needed if
data showing rapid dissociation or hydrolysis to the acid are submitted.
The two major metabolites in rat urine are the conjugates of NAA with
glucuronic acid and with glycine (Lethco et al., MRID 000004942; French et al.,
MRID 005007966; Dixon et al., MRID 005008052; Dixon, MRID 005008057).
Metabolites in excrement of the hen are conjugates of NAA with taurine and
ornithine (Idle et al., MRID 005008070). The major and minor metabolites in
human urine are 1-napthylacetylglucuronide and 1-naphthylacetyl taurine,
respectively (Dixon ct al., MRID 005008052). No ruminant metabolism study is
available. It is concluded that the metabolism of NAA in animals is adequately
defined, provided residues do not occur in feed items.
Adequate analytical methods are available for determination of residues and
enforcement of tolerances for 1-naphthaleneacetic acid on olives (Crosby et
al., MRID 000004943; Zwaig et al., MRID 000004916), for the ethyl ester on
olives, and for 1-naphthaleneacetamide on apples (Sigrist, MRID 005007967;
Cochrane et al., MRID 005020083), pears and olives. Adequate analytical methods
are available for the determination of NAA itself on apples (Randall, MRID
005002768; Cochrane et al.f MRID 005008121; Bache et al.r MRID 005008068),
pears, and pineapple (Young et al., MRID 000004946), and for the ethyl ester
itself (plus NAA) on pears (Anchem Products, MRID GS-0023-012; Anchem Products,
MRID GS-0023-019; Amchem Products, MRID GS-0023-036) and apples. No analytical
methods are available for quinces. Available residue data indicate that
43
-------
residues in olives would be less than 0.1 ppm after treatment with Fruit Fix
Super Concentration 800. No detectable residues are expected to occur in
apples, pears, and olives after treatment with Tre-Hold Sprout Inhibitor A112.
Lack of residue data on representativeformulations and uses constitutes a data
gap. The limited data which are available indicate that no residues will result
in meat, milk, poultry, or eggs from the registered uses. There are no records
in EPA or FDA of incidents involving the enforcement of the tolerances.
B. Summary of Data Gaps
1. Dissociation or hydrolysis data on all chemicals.
2. Data indicating whether residues in plants of esters, salts and
acetarnides of NAA degrade rapidly to NAA.
3. Additional residue data reflecting the registered uses for apples and
pears representative of the chemical forms of NAA and registered
formulations.
4. Residue data on pineapples and olives are requested which reflect
currently registered uses and formulations.
If the data required in 1 and 2 indicate that the various chemical forms of NAA
are similar from a residue standpoint, then the additional residue data
required in 3 and 4 in this summary can be kept to a minimum with specific
study requests.
44
-------
CHAPTER VIII: ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
A. Plant Effects Profile
B. Animal Effects Profile
C. Summary of Data Gaps
A. Plant Effects Profile
The effects of NAA to nontarget aquatic plants is not known. NAA at 620 ppb
caused a 50 percent reduction in root growth of soaked pea roots. There was
only a 10 percent reduction in root growth when NAA was applied to the
hypocotyl or young stem of peas at 500 ppm. (Elliasson, MRID 005007254) NAA
reduces growth in cucumber seedlings with a NOEL of 98 ppb (Hilton & Nomura,
MRID 005007255). The germination of lettuce, tomato, sugarbeet or dwarf bean
was unaffected in their yields when the seeds were treated with 100,000 ppm NAA
applied in talc (Croxall & Ogilvie, MRID 005012526). Concentrations of 0.1 ppm
in a seed soak, however, delayed or inhibited germination of cotton. NAA at
100 ppm inhibited germination of cotton for 10-14 days without affecting yields
(Coats, MRID 005010399).
The concentration of NAA in the spray solution ranges from 10 to 50 ppm for
registered fruit crops and also for decidious trees. The extent of exposure to
nontarget terrestrial plants is minimal given the low concentration and,
therefore, the hazard is judged to be minimal.
B. Animal Effects Profile
Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA acid) possesses a very low toxicity to Bobwhite
Quail when taken as a single oral dose. The acute oral LD^for Bobwhite Quail
is greater than 2510 mg/kg (Truslow Farms, MRID GS-0023-024). The acute oral
Mallard Ducks cannot be determined because the use of immature test
s has compromised the validity of this study (Truslow Farms, MRID GS-
0023-023).
Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA acid) possesses a very low toxicity to Bobwhite
Quail and Mallard Ducks, when taken ingested along with their regular diet. The
subacute oral LC^for Bobwhite Quail and Mallard Ducks are both greater than
10,000ppm (Truslow Farms, MRID GS-0023-025; Truslow Farms, MRID GS-0023-026).
While the LCSOvalues for the two freshwater fish and the aquatic invertebrate
show that a formulated product, Amchem Tre-Hold Sprout Inhibitor A112, is
slightly toxic to aquatic life (Union Carbide Environmental Services, MRID GS-
0023-022; Union Carbide Environmental Services, MRID GS-0023-050; Union Carbide
Environmental Services, MRID GS-0023-051).
45
-------
C. Summary of Major Data Gaps
The Agency cannot presently estimate the hazards to aquatic life posed by the
technical chemicals because the proper toxicity tests have not been performed
on technical NAA. Before a hazard evaluation can be completed, the Agency must
have proper data on the acute toxicity of technical NAA to warmwater and
coldwater fish, an aquatic invertebrate, aquatic and terrestrial macrophytes,
and algae.
46
-------
CASE BIBLIOGRAPHY
Guide to Use of This Bibliography
Content £f Bibliography. This bibliography contains citations of all the
studies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and conclusions stated
elsewhere in this standard. The bibliography is divided into two sections:
(1) citations in numerical order that contributed information useful to
the review of the chemical and are considered to be part of the data base
supporting registrations under the standard, and (2) an alphabetical
listing of all documents reviewed by the Agency. Primary sources for
studies in this bibliography have been the body of data submitted to EPA
and its predecessor agencies in support of past regulatory decisions, and
the published technical literature.
2. Units of Entry. The unit of entry in this bibliography is called a
"study". In the case of published materials, this corresponds closely to
an article. In the case of unpublished materials submitted to the Agency,
the Agency has sought to identify documents at a level parallel to a
published article from within the typically larger volumes in which they
were submitted. The resulting "studies" generally have a distinct title
(or at least a single subject), can stand alone for purposes of review, and
can be described with a conventional bibliographic citation. The Agency
has attempted also to unite basic documents and commentaries upon them,
treating them as a single study.
3. Identification of Entries. The entries in this bibliography are sorted
by author, date of the document, and title. Each entry bears, to the left
of the citation proper, a nine-digit numeric identifier. This number is
unique to the citations and should be used at any time specific reference
is required. This number is called the "Master Record Identifier" or
"MRID". It is not related to the six-digit "Accession Number", which has
been used to identify volumes of submitted data; see paragraph 4(d)(4)
below for a further explanation. In a few cases, entries added to the
bibliography late in the review may be preceded by a nine-character
temporary identifier. This is also to be used whenever a specific
reference is needed.
4. Form of the Entry. In addition to the Master Record Identifier (MRID),
each entry consists of a bibliographic citation containing standard
elements followed, in the case of materials submitted to EPA, by a
description of the earliest known submission. The bibliographic
conventions used reflect the standards of the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI), expanded to provide for certain special needs. Some
explanatory notes of specific elements follow:
a. Author. Whenever the Agency could confidently identify one, the
Agency has chosen to show a personal author. When no individual was
identified, the Agency has shown an identifiable laboratory or testing
facility as author. As a last resort, the Agency has shown the first
known submitter as author.
47
-------
b. Document Date. When the date appears as four digits with no
question marks, the Agency took it directly from the document. When a
four-digit date is followed by a question mark, the bibliographer
deduced the date from evidence in the document. When the date appears
as (19??), the Agency was unable to determine or estimate the date of
the document.
c. Title. This is the third element in the citation. In some cases it
has been necessary for Agency bibliographers to create or enhance a
document title. Any such editorial insertions are contained between
square brackets.
d. Trailing Parentheses. For studies submitted to us in the past, the
trailing parentheses include (in addition to any self-explanatory
text) the following elements describing the earliest known
submissions:
(1) Submission Date. Immediately following the word 'received1
appears the date of the earliest known submission, at the time
that particular document was processed into the Pesticide
Document Management System.
(2) Administrative Number. The next element, immediately following
the word 'under1, is the registration number, experimental permit
number, petition number, or other administrative number
associated with the earliest known submission, at the time that
particular document was processed into the Pesticide Document
Management System.
(3) Submitter. The third element is the submitter, following the
phrase 'submitted by1. When authorship is defaulted to the
submitter, this element is omitted.
(4) Volume Identification. The final element in the trailing
parenthesis identifies the EPA accession number of the volume in
which the original submission of the study appears. The six-
digit accession number follows the symbol 'CDL1, standing for
"Company Data Library". This accession number is in turn
followed by an alphabetic suffix which shows the relative
position of the study within the volume. For example, within
accession number 123456, the first study would be 123456-A; the
second, 123456-B; the 26th, 123456-Z; and the 27th,123456-AA.
48
-------
OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
REGISTRATION STANDARD NUMERICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Citations Considered to be Part of the Data Base Supporting
Registrations Under the Standard
CASE GS0023 Napthaleneacetic Acid
MRID CITATION
000004916 Zweig, G.; Gutnick, D.L.; Gulli, R.; Archer, T.E.; Hartmann, H.T.
(1962) Residue Determination of Naphthaleneacetic acid in
Olives. Undated method. (Unpublished study received Jan 25,
1963 under 642-149; prepared by Univ. of California—Davis,
Dept. of Pomology, and Agricultural Toxicology and Residue
Research Laboratory, submitted by Thompson Chemicals Corp.,
Carson, Calif.; CDL:119788-B)
000004942 Lethco, E.J.; Brother, E.A. (1966) The metabolism of naphthalenea-
cetic acid-l-C in rats. Journal of Agriculture and Food
Chemistry 14(5):532-535. (Also ^n unpublished submission re-
ceived Nov 25, 1970 under 1E1099; submitted by Interregional
Research Project No. 4, New Brunswick, N.J.; CDL:090859-A)
000004943 Crosby, D.G.; Bowers, J.B.; Shindy, W.W. (1970) 1-Naphthaleneacetic
acid in Olives. Includes two undated methods. (Unpublished
study received Nov 25, 1970 under 1E1099; prepared by University
of California at Davis, Dept. of Environmental Toxicology and
Agricultural Experiment Station, submitted by Interregional
Research Project No. 4, New Brunswick, N.J.; CDL:090859-B)
000004946 Young, H.Y.; Shimabukuro, S.; Aono, L. (1963) Spectrophotometric
microdetermination of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid in pineapple.
Agricultural and Food Chemistry 11(2):132-133. (Pineapple
Research Institute of Hawaii, Technical paper no. 284; also In
unpublished submission received Nov 25, 1970 under 1E1099; suE-
mitted by Interregional Research Project No. 4, New Brunswick,
N.J.; CDL:090859-F)
005002768 Randall, R.C. (1970) UV determination of naphthaleneacetic acid in
apples and potatoes. Journal of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists 53(1):149-151.
005003760 Bache, C.A.; Llsk, D.J.; Loos, M.A. (1964) Electron affinity
residue determination of nitrated MCP, MCPB, and NAA; conversion
of MCPB to MCP in bean plants. Journal of the Association of
Official Agricultural Chemists 47(2):348-352.
005005277 Loveless, L.E.; Spoerl, E.; Weisman, T.H. (1954) A survey of
effects of chemicals on division and growth of yeast and
Escherichia.coli . Journal of Bacteriology 68:637-644.
005007254 Ellasson, L. (1961) Responses of pea roots to growth substances.
Physiologia Plantarum 14:803-812.
-------
005007255 Hilton, H.W.; Nomura, N. (1964) Phytotoxicity of herbicides as
measured by root absorption. Weed Research 4(3):216-222.
005007264 Migrdichian, V., inventor; American Cyanamid Co., assignee (1943)
Method of refining crude 1-naphthylacetic acids. U.S. patent
2,336,364. Dec 7. 3 p. Cl. 260-525.
005007284 Southwick, P.L., inventor; Pood Machinery and Chemical Corp.,
assignee (1953) Method of making naphthaleneacetic acid. U.S.
patent 2,655,531. Oct 13. 2 p. Cl. 260-515.
005007966 French, M.R.; Bababunmi, E.A.; Golding, R.R.; Bassir, 0.; Caldwell,
J,; Smith, R.L.; Williams, R.T. (1974) The conjugation of phenol,
benzoic acid, 1-naphthylacetic acid and sulphadimethoxine in the
lion, civet and genet. FEES Letters 46(1):134-137.
005007967 Sigrist, R.; Temperli, A.; Hurter, J. (1974) A fluorometric method
for the determination of residues of 1-naphthaleneacetamide and
1 ttithaleneacetic acid on apples. Journal of Agricultural
anu food Chemistry 22(4):568-570.
005008052 Dixon, P.A.F.; Caldwell, J.; Smith, R.L. (1977) Metabolism of
arylacetic acids: 1: The fate of 1-naphthylacetic acid and its
variation with species and dose. Xenobiotica 7(11):695-706.
005008057 Dixon, P.A.F.; Caldwell, J.; Woods, C.J.; Smith, R.L. (1976)
Influence of chemical structure on the pattern of conjugation ^in
vivo and in vitro of some arylacetic acids in the rat.
Biochemical Society Transactions 4(1):143-145.
005008068 Bache, C.A.; Bdgerton, L.J.; Lisk, D.J. (1962) Determination of
naphthaleneacetic acid in apples. Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry 10(5):365-366.
005008070 Idle, J.R.; Millburn, P.; Williams, R.T.; Zini, G. (1976) The
conjugation of arylacetic acids in the pigeon compared with the
hen. Biochemical Society Transactions 4(1):141-143.
005008106 Verschuuren, H.G.; Kroes, R.; Tonkelaar, E.M. den; Esch, G.J. van;
Helleman, P.W. (1976) Short-term toxicity of 1-naphthaleneacetic
acid in rats. Toxicology 5(3):371-378.
005008121 Cochrane, W.P.; Lanouette, M. (1979) High pressure liquid
chromatographic determination of naphthaleneacetic acid residues
in apples. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists 62(1):100-106.
005008826 Doi, S.; Takahashi, T.; Yanagishima, N. (1973) Auxin-induced large
cell mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae I- Induction, and
biochemical and genetic characters. Japanese Journal of
Genetics. A translation of: Idengaku Zasshi. 48(3):185-195.
005009027 Gramlich, J.V.; Frans, R.E. (1964) Kinetics of Chlorella
inhibition by herbicides. Weeds 12(3):184-1871
-------
005009196 Bukovac, M.J.; Flore, J.A.; Goren, R. (1976) Conjugation of foliar
absorbed NAA by selected fruit crops. Hort. Science 11(4):389-
390
005010016 Bionetics Research Laboratories (1968) Evaluation of carcinogenic,
teratogenic, and mutagenic activities of selected pesticide and
industrial chemicals, vol I: carcinogenic study. Bethesda, Md.:
National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Cause and
Prevention. (NationalCancer Institute report no. NCI-OCCP-CG-
1973-1-1; available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB-223 159)
005010399 Coats, G.E. (1966) Growth Regulator Effects on Cottonseed
Treatment. State College, Miss.: Mississippi State University,
Agricultural Experiment Station. (Mississippi Agricultural
Experiment Station information sheet 935)
005010797 Ukita, T.; Tamemasa, 0.; Motomatsu, H. (1951) Antibacterial action
of fatty acids. VIII- Syntheses of fatty acids with naphthyl,
naphthomethyl and benzyl groups in alpha-position and their
antibacterial action. Yakugaku Zasshi. Journal of
Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. 71(4):289-297.
005010966 Klein, D.T. (1962) Effect of growth-regulators on mutants of
Neurospora.crassa. Physiologia Plantarum 15:239-245.
005011538 Clifford, D.R.; Woodcock, D. (1968) Fungal detoxication—IX:
Metabolism of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid by Aspergillus niger Van
Tiegh. Phytochemistry 7(9):1499-1502.
005012526 Croxall, H.E.; Ogilvie, L. (1940) The effect of seed dressings
containing growth-promoting substances on lettuce, tomato, sugar
beet and dwarf bean. Pages 29-34, In Long Ashton Research
Station, University of Bristol, Report 1940. Bristol, England:
Long Ashton Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station.
005020083 Cochrane, W.P.; Lanouette, M.; Grant, R. (1980) High pressure
liquid chromatographic determination of naphthaleneacetamide
residues in apples. Journal of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists 63(1):145-148.
005022160 Finch, N. (1945) Effects on mice of a diet containing methyl ester
of alph naphthalene acetic acid. Contributions from Boyce
Thompson Insitute 14:69-78.
GS0023001 Huntington Research Center (1976) Ten-day range-finding study with
NAA by gavage to rats. (Amchem Products; CDL:009029, EPA Reg.
No. 246-336; PPf OF2277)
GS0023002 Burchfield, H.P.; Johnson, D.E. (1965) Guide to the analysis of
pesticide residues - volume I. [U.S.Deparment of Health,
Education and WeHrre, Public Health Service, Bureau of State
Services (Environmental Health) Office of PPfsJ (PPf 1E1099,
pages 64 to 99)
-------
GS0023012 Amchem Products (1978) Determination of residues of 1-
naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, ethyl
ester (EtNAA) in olives. Apr, 1978 [Document f 478A3; PPI OF2277
OF2277, CDL:099028; Sec D-3; pages 1 through 16.]
GS0023019 Amchem Products (1978) Analysis of pear samples for possible
residues of NAA and NAA ethyl ester. [PP! OF2277; CDL:099028;
EPA Reg. Do. 264-336; Sec D-4.]
GS0023022 Union Carbide Environmental Services (1979) The acute toxicity of
72-A112 to rainbow trout Salmo gaidneri Richardson [Mar 2, 1979;
USCE Project No. 11506-24-10] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA
Reg. No. 264-336; PPf OF2277)
GS0023023 Truslow Farms (1976) Acute oral LDen-mallard ducks [Project I 113-
124; May 27, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No.
264-336; PPf OF2277)
GS0023024 Truslow Farms (1976) Acute oral LD5Q-bobwhite quail [Project f
113-153; May 30, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg.
No. 264-336; PP! OF2277)
GS0023025 Truslow Farms (1976) 8 Day dietary LCcn-bobwhite quail [Project f
113-122; May 30, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA
Reg. No. 264-336; PPf OF2277)
GS0023026 Truslow Farms (1976) 8 Day dietary LC,.n-mallard ducks [Project t
113-123; May 27, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA
Reg. No. 264-336; PPI OF2277)
GS0023027 Truslow Farms (1976) 8 Day dietary LCen-mallard ducks [Project I
113-119; May 5, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA
Reg. No. 264-336; PP! OF2277)
GS0023028 Truslow Farms (1976) 8 Day dietary LC«.n-bobwhite quail [Project f
113-118; May 5, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA
Reg. No. 264-336; PP! OF2277)
GS0023029 Truslow Farms (1976) Acute oral LDen-bobwhite quail [Project f
113-154; May 30, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg.
No. 264-336; PPf OF2277)
GS0023031 Elars Bioresearch Laboratories (1979) Six month oral toxicity study
of naphthalene acetic acid in beagle dogs. [Amchem Products;
CDLj 099035; Project f 1395]
GS0023032 Affiliated Medical Research (19*7) Acute dermal LD.Q in
rabbits (formulated product). [Contract! 120-2148-113; Undated]
(Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264- 336; PPf OF2277)
GS0023033 Affiliated Medical Research (197?) Primary eye irritation of Amchem
72-A112 emulsifiable concentrate 79068. [Contract! 120-2148-113;
Undated] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-336; PP!
OF2277)
-------
GS0023034 Affiliated Medical Research (19??) Acute inhalation of Amchem
72-A112 emulsifiable concentrate in rats. (Contract* 120-2148-
113? Undatedl (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-
336; PP* OF2277)
GS0023035 Affiliated Medical Research (19??) Acute oral in rats (formulated
product). [Contract* 120-2148-113; Undated] (Amchem Products;
CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264- 336; PP* OF2277)
GS0023036 Amchem Products (1978) Analysis of apple samples for possible
residues of NAA and NAA methyl ester. [PP* OF2277; CDL:099028;
EPA Reg. No. 264-336; Sec D-5]
GS0023037 Pharmakon Laboratories (1978) Yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )
Strain D-7 mitotic crossing over assay on: 1-naphthalene acetic
acid, Lot GN-2095 [Amchem Products; Jul 17, 1978; CDL:
099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-336; PPf OF2277]
GS0023038 Pharmakon Laboratories (1978) Yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )
Strain D-7 reverse assay on: 1-naphthalene acetic acid, Lot GN-
2095 [Amchem Products; Jul 17, 1978; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No.
264-336; PP# OF2277]
GS0023039 Pharmakon Laboratories (1978) Yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )
Strain D-7 mitotic gene conversion assay on: 1-naphthalene
acetic acid, Lot GN-2095 [Amchem Products; Jul 17, 1978; CDL:
099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-336; PP* OF22771
GS0023040 Pharmakon Laboratories (1978) Eschericia coli DNA polymerase I
deficient assay on: 1-naphthalene acetic acid, Lot GN-2095
336; PP* OF2277]
GS0023041 Pharmakon Laboratories (1978) Ames Salmonella/microsomal plates
test (with and without metabolic activation) on: 1-naphthalene
acetic acid, Lot GN-2095 fAmchem Products; May 11, 1978; CDL:
099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-336; PP# OF2277]
GS0023042 Pharmakon Laboratories (1979) Perform the micronucleus test
according to s.o.p. ph 309 on: 1-naphthalene acetic acid, Lot GN-
2095 [Amchem Products; Jan 30, 1979; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No.
264-336; PP* OF2277]
GS0023043 Pharmakon Laboratories (1979) Dominant lethal study (1-
naphthalene acetic acid - 16338) [Amchem Products; Feb 28,
1979; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-336; PP* OF2277]
GS0023044 Huntington Research Center (1977) Teratology study with NAA acid
(technical) by gavage in the albino rat. [Study * R-4216-4 (1-
350); Jan 14, 1977] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No.
264-336; PP* OF2277)
GS0023045 Affiliated Medical Research (197?) Primary eye irritation of tech
ethyl ester of NAA. [Contract* 120-2148-113; Undated] (Amchem
Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264- 336; PP* OF2277)
-------
GS0023046
GS0023047
GS0023048
GS0023049
Affiliated Medical Research (19??) Acute inhalation of tech
ethyl ester of NAA in rats. [Contract! 120-2148-113; Undated]
(Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264- 336; PPf OP2277)
Affiliated Medical Research (19??) Acute dermal LD-Q in
rabbits (technical chemical). [Contract! 120-2158-113; Undated!
(Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264- 336; PP! OF2277)
Affiliated Medical Research (19??) Acute oral IA-0 in
rats (technical chemical). [Contract! 120-2148-113; Undated]
(Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264- 336; PP! OF2277)
Truslow Farms (1976) Acute oral LD50-mallard ducks [Project ! 113-
155; Mar 6, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No.
264-336; PP! OF2277)
GS0023050 Union Carbide Environmental Services (1979) The acute toxicity of
72-A112 to the water flea Daphnia magna Stratus [Apr 20, 1979;
USCE Project No. 11506-24-11] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA
Reg. No. 264-336; PP! OF2277)
GS0023051 Union Carbide Environmental Services (1979) The acute toxicity of
72^A112 to the bluegill sunfish Lepomis machochirus Rafinesque
CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-336; PP! OF22T7}
-------
OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
REGISTRATION STANDARD ALPHABETICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
Listing of All Documents Identified in the Literature Search
CASE GS0023 Naphthaleneacetic Acid
MIRD CITATION
005018584 Aaron, J.J.; Kaleel, E.M.; Winefordner, J.D. (1979) Comparative
study of low-temperature and room-temperature phosphorescence
characteristics of several pesticides. Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry 27(6):1233-1237.
005018580 Aaron, J.J.; Winefordner, J.D. (1979) Heavy atom effect on the
room-temperature phosphorimetry of some aromatic pesticides.
Analusis 7(4):168-171.
005009921 Abdel-Rahman, M.; Isenberg, F.M.R. (1974) Effects of growth
regulators and controlled atmosphere on stored carrots.
Journal of Agricultural Science 82(2):245-249.
005015450 Abraham, P.D.; Boatman, S.G.; Blackman, G.E.; Powell, R.G. (1968)
Effects of plant growth regulators and other compounds on flow
of latex in Hevea brasiliensis . Annals of Applied Biology
62(1): 159-171:
005017649 Abueva, A.A. (1965) Deistvie razlichnykh gerbitsidov na tomaty i
zarazikhu- The effect of various herbicides on tomatoes and
broom rape. Izvestiya Timiryazevskoi Sel'skokhozyaistvennoi
Akademii. Bulletin of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy.
(4):156-165.
GS0023032 Affiliated Medical Research (19??) Acute dermal LD-Q in
rabbits (formulated product). [Contract* 120-2ll8-113; Undated!
(Amchem Products? CDL:099029f EPA Reg. No. 264- 336; PP* OF2277)
GS0023047 Affiliated Medical Research (19??) Acute dermal LD,Q in
rabbits (technical chemical). [Contract! 120-2148-113; Undated]
(Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264- 336; PP* OF2277)
GS0023034 Affiliated Medical Research (19??) Acute inhalation of Amchem
72-A112 emulsifiable concentrate in rats. [Contract* 120-2148-
113; Undated] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-
336; PP* OF2277)
GS0023046 Affiliated Medical Research (19??) Acute inhalation of tech
ethyl ester of NAA in rats. [Contract* 120-2148-113; Undated]
(Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264- 336; PP* OF2277)
r
GS0023048 Affiliated Medical Research (19??) Acute oral LDu0 in
rats (technical chemical). [Contract* 120-2148-113; undated]
(Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264- 336; PP* OF2277)
-------
GS0023035 Affiliated Medical Research (19??) Acute oral in rats (formulated
product). [Contract* 120-2148-113; Undated] (Amchem Products;
CDL:099029, EPA Reg. Mo. 264- 336; PP# OF2277)
GS0023033 Affiliated Medical Research (19??) Primary eye irritation of Amchem
72-A112 emulsifiable concentrate 79068. [Contract* 120-2148-113;
Undated! (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-336; PP#
OF2277)
GS0023045 Affiliated Medical Research (19??) Primary eye irritation of tech
ethyl ester of NAA. [Contract* 120-2148-113; Undated] (Amchem
Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264- 336; PP# OP2277)
005009195 Agnihotri, J.P.; Prasad, N. (1966) Effect of growth regulating
substances on growth of Colletotrichum
capsici F- Cyamopsicola Prasad. Labdev 4(4):260-261.
005012105 Akai, S. (1955) Chemotherapeutic application of some compounds to
rice plants and the outbreak of Helminthosporium leaf spot.
Shokubutsu Byogai Kenkyu. Plant Diseases Research.] 5:45-56.
005007064 Allen, H.P.; Brian, R.C.; Downes, J.E.; Mees, G.C.; Springett,
R.H. (1978) Selective herbicides. Pages 35-41, In Jealott's
Hill: 50 Years of Agricultural Research 1928-1978. Edited by
F.C. Peacock. Bracknell, Berks, England: Jealott's Hill
Research Station.
005016580 Alleweldt, G.; Hifny, H.A.A. (1972) Zur Stiellaehme der Reben: II.
Kausalanalytische Untersuchungen. On the stiellaehme of the
grape vine: II- Investigations on the causes of the disease
Vitis 11(1): 10-28.
005012283 Ambroz, Z. (1963) Prispevek k poznani proteolyzy v pude. Notes
on the proteolysis in the soil. Rostlinna Vyroba. Plant
Production. 9(7/8):802-806.
GS0023036 Amchem Products (1978) Analysis of apple samples for possible
residues of NAA and NAA methyl ester. [PP# OF2277; CDL:099028;
EPA Reg. No. 264-336; Sec D-5]
GS0023019 Amchem Products (1978) Analysis of pear samples for possible
residues of NAA and NAA ethyl ester. [PP# OF2277; CDL:099028;
EPA Reg. No. 264-336; Sec D-4.]
GS0023012 Amchem Products (1978) Determination of residues of 1-
naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, ethyl
ester (EtNAA) in olives. Apr, 1978 [Document # 478A3; PP* OF2277
OF2277, CDL:099028; Sec D-3; pages 1 through 16.]
000004925 Amchem Products, Incorporated (1952) Chemical Thinning: The Influ-
ence of Timing and Concentration on Mature Appl6 Trees]. (Un-
published study received Jan 29, 1960 under 264-137; submitted
by Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.;
CDL:002080-O)
-------
000004937
000004924
000004936
000004938
000004929
000004926
000004945
000004920
005008063
005002575
005002576
Amchem Products, Incorporated (1954) Apple Set Records. (Unpub-
lished study received Jan 29, 1960 under 264-137; submitted by
Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:
002080-K)
Amchem Products, Incorporated (1954?) Results of Chemical Thinning
of Several Varieties of Apple Trees]. (Unpublished study re-
ceived Jan 29, 1960 under 264-137; submitted by Union Carbide
Agricultural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:002080-C)
Amchem Products, Incorporated (1955) Set Records--! 955. (Unpub-
lished study received Jan 29, I960 under 264-137; submitted by
Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:
Amchem Products, Incorporated (1955) York, Tbnoloway Orchard, Han-
cock— 1955. (Unpublished study received Jan 29, 1960 under 264-
137; submitted by Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co., Am-
bler, Pa.; CDL:002080-L)
Amchem Products, Incorporated (1957) Some Results in Chemical Thin-
ning Apples— 1952 to 1955. (Unpublished study received Jan 29,
1960 under 264-137; prepared in cooperation with Univ. of Mary-
land, Dept. of Horticulture, submitted by Union Carbide Agricul-
tural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:002080-H)
Amchem Products, Incorporated (1958) Chemical Thinning — 1957. (Un-
published study received Jan 29, 1960 under 264-137; prepared in
cooperation with Pennsylvania State Univ., Agricultural and Home
Economics Extension Service, submitted by Union Carbide Agricul-
tural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:002080-E)
Amersham/Searle Corporation (1968) Radiochemical Data. (Unpub-
lished study received Nov 25, 1970 under 1E1099; submitted by
Interregional Research Project No. 4, New Brunswick, N.J.; CDL:
090859-E)
Anderson, H.H.; Shimkin, M.B.; Leake, C.D. (1936) Acute intra-
peritoneal toxicity of some plant growth substances for mice.
Page 138, In Proceedings of Society for Experimental Biology and
Medicine; Jan 25, 1936, Pomona College. The Society.
(Abstract only; also In unpublished submission received Mar 18,
1968 under 239-1884; submitted by Chevron Chemical Co.,
Richmond, Calif.; CDL: 124527-B)
Anon. (1968) Legislation: United States, United Kingdom, European
Economic Community, Canada, France, Italy, Japan, Netherlands,
Norway, Venezuela, West Germany. Pood and Cosmetics Toxicology
6 (6): 761-777.
Anon. (1968) Legislation- United States- Amendments to Title 21,
Chapter 1 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Food and
Cosmetics Toxicology 6 (6): 761-767.
Anon. (1968) U.S. pesticide production again tops billion pound
level. Agricultural Chemicals 23 (12): 36-37.
-------
005004172
005009043
005007911
005011993
005016110
Anon. (1973) Common names of pesticides.
1973. PANS 19 (2):287-306.
Revised list—February
000004934
005008068
000004953
005003760
000004915
005009970
Archer, T.E. (1966) Preparation and identification of
2-chloroethyl 1-naphthyl acetate. Bulletin of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology 1(4):172-174.
Armarego, W.L.F.; Canny, M.J.; Cox, S.F. (1959) Metal-chelating
properties of plant-growth substances. Nature
183 (4669):1176-1177.
Ashton, F.M.; Penner, D.; Hoffman, S. (1968) Effect of several
herbicides on proteolytic activity of squash seedlings. Weed
Science 16 (2):169-171.
Bache, C.A. (1967) Naphthalene acetic acid. Pages
455-467, ^n Additional Principles and Methods of Analysis.
Edited by G. Zweig and J. Sherma. New York: Academic Press.
(Analytical methods for pesticides, plant growth regulators,
and food additives, vol. 5)
Bache, C.A.; Edgerton, L.J.; Lisk, D.J. (1961) Determination of
Naphthaleneacetic acid in Apple. Includes undated method. (Un-
published study received Nov 27, 1961 under 264-142; prepared by
Cornell Univ., submitted by Union Carbide Agricultural Products
Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:002117-B)
Bache, C.A.; Edgerton, L.J.; Lisk, D.J. (1962) Determination of
naphthaleneacetic acid in apples. Journal of Agricultural and
Food Chemistry 10(5):365-366.
Bache, C.A.; Edgerton, L.J.; Lisk, D.J. (19??) Determination of
Naphthaleneacetic acid in apples. Agricultural and Food Chem-
istry ?(?):365-366. (Also In unpublished submission received
Feb 17, 1971 under IE1094; submitted by Interregional Research
Project No. 4, New Brunswick, N.J.; CDL:093406-F)
Bache, C.A.; Lisk, D.J.; Loos, M.A. (1964) Electron affinity
residue determination of nitrated MCP, MCPB, and NAA; conversion
of MCPB to MCP in bean plants. Journal of the Association of
Official Agricultural Chemists 47(2):348-352.
Baker, D. (1963) Evaluation for MR Use of Alpha-Naphthalene acetic
acid on Olives Submitted by Thompson Chemicals: 9-4-63. Summary
of study 119788-B. (Unpublished study received Jun 25, 1963
under 642-149; submitted by Thompson Chemicals Corp., Carson,
Calif.; CDL:119788-A)
Bamberger, E.S.; Sharabani, M. (1969) The effect of plant growth
regulators on DNA. Israel Journal of Chemistry 7:122.
-------
005019382 Bana, D.S.; Srivastava, R.P.; Om, H. (1976) Studies on the
thinning of the fruits by hand and with plant growth substances
and their effects on the final retention and quality of apple
cv. Red Delicious. Indian Journal of Horticulture
33 (3/4): 227-232.
005018620 Banwell, M.G. (1973) The role of herbicides in modern fruit
management. Pages 1002-1011, In Proceedings of the llth
British Weed Control Conference; Nov 13-16, 1972, Brighton,
England. London, England: British Crop Protection Council.
005015470 Barlow, H.W.B. (1947) Intensive experimental methods in abscission
studies. Pages 121-125, In Annual* Report, East Mailing
Research Station, Kent. Maidstone, England: East Mailing
Research Station.
005009104 Barlow, H.W.B.; Dicker, G.H.L.; Briggs, J.B. (1955) Studies on
control of apple sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea (Klug). II.
Effect of sprays on fruit drop and yield.Pages
107-114, In East Mailing Research Station Annual Report, 1954.
Maidstone, England: East Mailing Research Station.
005011969 Baskakov, Y.A.j Mel'nikov, N.N. (1955) O poluchenii
alpha-naftiluksusnoi kisloty po reaktsii Vil'gerodta.
reaction.] Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Leningrad). Journal of
Applied Chemistry.1 28:1016-1018.
005011539 Beachy, R.N.; Murakishi, H.H. (1971) Local lesion formation in
tobacco tissue culture. Phytopathology 61(7):877-878.
005020176 Beck, D.L.; Sosebee, R.E.; Herndon, E.B. (1975) Control of honey
mesquite by shredding and spraying. Journal of Range
Management 28 (6):487-490.
005011859 Beerh, O.P.; Krishnamurthy, G.V.; Narasimham, P.; Giridhar, N.;
Raghuramaiah, B. (1976) Effect of pre- and post-harvest
treatments to control some common disorders in Anab-e-Shahi
grapes ( Vitis vinifera Linn). Journal of Food Science and
Technology, India 13(3):129-132.
005014945 Bernhard, K.; Caflisch-Weill, H. (1949) Das Schicksal der
Decahydro-naphtylessigsaeuren und der Naphtylessigsaeuren im
Tierkoerper. The fate of decahydro-naphthylacetic acids and
naphthaleneacetic acids in the animal body.] Helvetica Chimica
Acta XXXII(III):625-631.
005008076 Bhatt, J.G.; Verma, S.S. (1958) Effect of growth regulating
substances on virus affected tomato plants. Science and
Culture 23(11):610-611.
005015356 Bhattacharyya, R.; Sharma, A.K. (1976) Differential action of
hormones in inducing abnormalities in chromosome behaviour and
cell growth. Pages 332-347, In Recent Advances in Botany.
Professor P.N. Mehra Commemorative Volume. Edited by P. ,
Kachroo. Dehra Dun, India: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh.
-------
005019041 Bilkey, P.C.; McCown, B.H. (1979) In vitro culture and propagation
of Eplscia sp. (flame violets). Journal of the American
Society for Horticultural Science 104 (1):109-114.
005010016 Bionetics Research Laboratories (1958) Evaluation of carcinogenic,
teratogenic, and mutagenic activities of selected pesticide and
industrial chemicals, vol I: carcinogenic study. Bethesda, Md.:
National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Cause and
Prevention. (NationalCancer Institute report no. NCI-DCCP-CG-
1973.1-1; available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB-223 159)
005008014 Blackman, G.E. (1945) Recent developments in chemical methods for
the selective control of weeds. Journal of the Royal
Agricultural Society of England 106:137-150.
005018821 Blanpied, G.D.; Forshey, C.G.; Styles, W.C.; Green, D.W.; Lord,
W.J.; Bramlage, W.J. (1975) Use of ethephon to stimulate red
color without hastening ripening of "Mclntosh" apples. Journal
of the American Society for Horticultural Science
100 (4):379-381.
005019042 Blazich, F.A.; Heuser, C.W. (1979) A histological study of
adventitious root initiation in mung bean cuttings. Journal of
the American Society for Horticultural Science 104(1):63-67.
005020384 Blazich, F.A.; Heuser, C.W. (1979) The mung bean rooting bioassay:
a re-examination. Journal of the American Society for
Horticultural Science 104 (1):117-120.
005015704 Borkowski, J. (1973) The influence of NAA-sprays on flowering and
earliness of fieldcucumber. Acta Horticulture 27:249-252.
005019569 Boswell, S.B.; Bergh, B.O.; Whitsell, R.H.; Kumamoto, J. (1979)
Reduction of rootstock sprouts on young grafted avocados with
NAA. HortScience 14(1):57-59.
005017239 Bourke, J.B.; Butts, J.S.; Fang, S.C. (1964) Effect of various
herbicides on glucose metabolism in root tissue of garden peas.
II. Plant growth regulators and other herbicides. Weeds
12 (4): 272-276.
005015706 Bowers, J.B.; Crosby, D.G. (1971) Determination of
1-naphthaleneacetic acid in olives. Abstracts of Papers,
American Chemical Society 161:77.
005009745 Brenner, M.L. (1969) Mechanism of naphthaleneacetic acid
accumulation by soybean ( Glycine max Merr.) leaf cells with
special emphasis on tissue preparation and viability.
Dissertation Abstracts International B 31(5):2399-2400.
-------
005009108 Brenner, M.L.; Tonkinson, T.R.C. (1974) Extraction and
identification of L-N-(d-napthyl) acetyl] glutamic acid, a
major product of naphthaleneacetic acid metabolism. Pages
759-764, In Mechanisms of Regulation of Plant Growth. Edited
by R.L. Bieleski, A.R. Ferguson and M.M. Cresswell.
Wellington, New Zealand: Royal Society of New Zealand. (Royal
Society of New Zealand bulletin no. 12; Minnesota Agricultural
Experiment Station scientific journal series paper no. 8409)
005013069 Brill, K.E. (1972) Effect of ultraviolet radiation on
auxin-induced elongation and the mechanical properties of
Alaska pea stem segments. Dissertation Abstracts International
B 32 (11):6211-6212.
005010175 Buggeln, R.G. (1976) Auxin, an endogenous regulator of growth in
algae Journal of Phycology 12(3):355-358.
000004963 Bukovac, M.J. (1962) A Summary of Results on the Effect of Naph-
thylacetamide for Fruit Thinning of Pears. (Unpublished study
including letter dated Dec 18, 1962 from M.J. Bukovac to Mel
Suterland, received Dec 4, 1970 under 1E1094; prepared by
Michigan State Univ., Dept. of Horticulture, submitted by Inter-
regional Research Project No. 4, New Brunswick, N.J.; CDL:
090854-M)
000009625 Bukovac, M.J. (1963) Apples: Chemical promotion of flowering.
American Fruit Grower 83(3):24. (Also ^n unpublished submission
received Jul 24, 1969 under 264-184; submitted by Union Carbide
Agricultural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:002156-C)
000004962 Bukovac, M.J-. (1963) Chemical Thinning of Pears with Naphthylacet-
amide: Summary of Results Obtained During the 1963 Growing
Season. (Unpublished study including letter dated Apr 9, 1964
from M.J. Bukovac to E.A. Walker, received Dec 4, 1970 under
1E1094; prepared by Michigan State Univ., Dept. of Horticulture,
submitted by Interregional Research Project No. 4, New
Brunswick, N.J.; CDL:090854-L)
005018575 Bukovac, M.J.; Flore, J.A.; Baker, E.A. (1979) Peach leaf
surfaces: changes in wettability, retention, cuticular
permeability, and epicuticular wax chemistry during expansion
with special reference to spray application. Journal of the
American Society for Horticultural Science 104(5):611-617.
005009196 Bukovac, M.J.; Flore, J.A.; Goren, R. (1976) Conjugation of foliar
absorbed NAA by selected fruit, crops. Hort. Science 11 (4):389-
390
005010625 Bukovac, M.J.; Norris, R.F. (1966) Foliar penetration of plant
growth substances with special reference to binding by
cuticular surfaces of pear leaves. Agrochimica 10:296-309.
005008582 Bukovac, M.J.; Norris, R.F. (1968) Foliar penetration of plant
growth substances with special reference to binding by
cuticular surfaces of pear leaves. Agrochimica
XII(2/3):217-230.
-------
GS0023021 Burchfield, H.P.; Johnson, D.E. (1965) Guide to the analysis of
pesticide residues - volume I. [U.S.Deparment of Health,
Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, Bureau of State
Services (Environmental Health) Office of PPls] (PP# 1E1099,
pages 64 to 99)
005008062 Caldwell, J.; French, M.R.; Idle, J.R.; Renwick, A.G.; Bassir, 0.;
Williams, R.T., (1975) Conjugation of foreign compounds in the
elephant and hyaena. FEBS Letters 60(2):391-395.
000004917 California Department of Agriculture, Division of Chemistry (1966)
Report To Sender on Information Sample as Received: Pear
Samples. (Unpublished study including undated letter from E.P.
Delfino to William Wade, received Aug 8, 1969 under 279-2131;
submitted by FMC Corp., Philadelphia, Pa.; CDL:002443-A)
005008120 Campbell, R.A.; Durzan, D.J. (1975) Induction of multiple buds and
needles in tissue cultures of Picea glauca . Canadian Journal
of Botany 53 (16):1652-1657.
005008812 earlier, A.; Van Assche, J. (1968) Estimation of respiration
pathways, including corrections for glucuronic acid
decarboxylation and label randomization; effect of
1-naphthy]acetic acid and cobalt chloride. Zeitschrift fuer
Pflanzenphysiologie 59 (4):353-363.
005008056 earlier, A.; Van Hove, C. (1964) Influence of alpha-naphthalene
acetic acid on growth, respiration and 14CO~ production from
glucose-l-14C and glucose-6-14C. Nature 201(4920):677-679.
005008292 Carolus, R.L.; Lee, S.H.; Vandemark, J.S. (1947) Effect of the
methyl ester of alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid on the storage
life of cauliflower. Proceedings of the American Society for
Horticultural Science 49:367-369.
005019308 Castro, P.R.C.; Malavolta, E. (1977) Influence of growth
regulators upon mineral nutrition, osmotic potential, and
incidence of blossom-end rot of tomato fruit. Turrialba
27 (3):273-276.
005008054 Chadwick, A.V.; Arditti, J. (1972) Ethylene evolution and
anthocyanin synthesis by Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) flowers.
Plant Physiology 49:20.
005008290 Chadwick, L.C.; Houston, R. (1948) A preliminary report on the
pre-storage defoliation of some trees and shrubs. Proceedings
of the American Society for Horticultural Science 51:659-667.
005008293 Chalupa, V.; Durzan, D.J.; Vithayasai, C. (1976) Growth and
metabolism of cells and tissue of jack pine ( Pinus
banksiana ). 2. The quantitative analysis of the growth of
callus from hypocotyls and radicles. Canadian Journal of
Botany 54(5/6):446-455.
-------
005009762 Chang, S.M.; Yang, C.C.; Sung, S.C. (1978) The effects of plant
hormones on the cultivation and chemical composition
of Lemnaceae . Bulletin of the Institute of Chemistry,
Academia Sinica 25:19-34.
005014518 Charykov, A.K.; Talnikova, T.V. (1974) pH-Metricheskii metod
opredelenija rastvorimosti i koefficientov raspredelenija
nekotorykh organicheskikh soedinenii v extraktsionnykh
sistemakh. The pH-metric determination of the solubility and
distribution coefficients of some organic compounds in
extraction systems.] Zhurnal Analiticheskoi Khimii. Journal
of Analytical Chemistry.] XXIX(5):958-963.
005009495 Chauhan, K.S.; Biggs, R.H.; Sites, J.W. (1961) Influence of
gibberellic acid, naphthaleneacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid
and maleic hydrazide on peach bud dormancy. Pages
374-378, In Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural
Society. Vol. 74. Lake Alfred, Fla.: Florida State
Horticultural Society. (Florida Agricultural Experiment
Stations journal series no. 1377)
005019968 Chen, W.S.; Uemoto, S. (1977) Sosai no calcium-kyushu nikansuru
kenkyu (Report 2). Tomato niokeru tainai no calcium ido
nioyobosu NAA shori no eikyo. Studies on calcium absorption
in vegetable crops. II. Effect of NAA treatment on the
mobility of calcium in the tomato plant.] Engei Gakkai Zasshi.
45 (4): 362-368.
005008064 Chhonkar, V.S.; Singh, R.K. (1972) Propagation of Mangifera
indica by air-layering. Acta Horticulturae 24:89-92.
005008065 Child, R.D. (1972) Advancing Worcester harvest date—encouraging
results from Long Ashton research. Grower 77(18):997-998.
000004961 Childers, N.F. (1969) Thinning apple fruits and alternate bearing.
Pages 146-161, in Modern Fruit Science: Orchard and Small Fruit
Culture. By autnor. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers Univ. (Also
Iri unpublished submission received Dec 4, 1970 under 1E1094;
submitted by Interregional Research Project No. 4, New Bruns-
wick, N.J.; CDL:090854-J)
005013263 Chmil, V.D.; KMsenko, M.A. (1974) Opredelenie ostatochnykh
kolichestv preparata M-l v kartofele metodom gazo-zhidkostnoi
khromatografii. Determination of residual amounts of the
preparation M-l (methyl ester of alpha-naphthylacetic acid) in
potatoes by the method of gas-liquid chromatography.] Voprosy
Pitaniya. Problems of Nutrition.] 33(3):81-83.
005011953 Chopra, R.N.; Sood, S. (1973) In vitro studies in marchantiales.
I. Effects of some carbohydrates, agar, pH, light and growth
regulators on the growth and sexuality in Riccia crystallina .
Phytomorphology 23(3/4):230-244.
005007964 Choudhuri, M.A.; Chatterjee, S.K. (1970) Analysis of Ethrel action
on abscission of debladed petioles of Coleus blumei Benth.
Science and Culture 36(6):356-359.
-------
005009532 Choudhury, B.; Babel, Y.S. (1969) Studies on sex expression, sex
ratio and fruit-set as affected by different plant regulator
sprays in Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Horticultural
Science 1(1): 61-71.
005008579 Chowfla, S.C. (1976) Effect of some chemicals on symptom
expression and concentration of broadbean mosaic virus in
broadbean ( Vicia faba L.). Indian Journal of Experimental
Biology 14 (4): 531-"5577
005009192 Clark, B.E.; Wittwer, S.H. (1949) Effect of certain growth
regulators on seed stalk development in lettuce and celery.
Plant Physiology 24(4):555-576.
005009193 Clarkson, D.T.; flillman, W.S. (1967) Modification of apparent
phytochrome synthesis in Pisum by inhibitors and growth
regulators. Plant Physiology 42:933-940.
005011538 Clifford, D.R.; Woodcock, D. (1968) Fungal detoxication~IX:
Metabolism of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid by Aspergillus niger Van
Tiegh. Phytochemistry 7(9):1499-1502.
005009190 Clifford, P.E.; Langer, R.H.M. (1975) Pattern and control of
distribution of 14C-assimilates in reproductive plants
of Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. Westerwoldicum . Annals of
Botany 39 (161):403-411.
005008291 Clore, W.J. (1948) The effect of alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid on
certain varieties of lima beans. Proceedings of the American
Society for Horticultural Science 51:475-478.
005010399 Coats, G.E. (1966) Growth Regulator Effects on Cottonseed
Treatment. State College, Miss.: Mississippi State University,
Agricultural Experiment Station. (Mississippi Agricultural
Experiment Station information sheet 935)
005008121 Cochrane, W.P.; Lanouette, M. (1979) High pressure liquid
chromatographic determination of naphthaleneacetic acid residues
in apples. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists 62(1):100-106.
005020083 Cochrane, W.P.; Lanouette, M.; Grant, R. (1980) High pressure
liquid chromatographic determination of naphthaleneacetamide
residues in apples. Journal of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists 63(1):145-148.
005008058 Coggins, C.W., Jr.; Jolliffe, V.A.; Shindy, W.W.; Knapp, J.C.F.
(1972) Naphthaleneacetic acid disappearance and residue studies
in citrus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
20(1): 76-79.
005008053 Coleman, W.K.; Thorpe, T.A. (1978) In vitro culture of western red
cedar ( Thuja plicata ). II. Induction of male strobili
from vegetative shoot tips of male strobili from vegetative
shoot tips. Canadian Journal of Botany 56(5):557-564.
-------
005019570
005009501
005010967
005013379
005009194
005009045
005008580
005008050
005013423
005009496
005018823
GS0023020
Colijn, C.M.; Kool, A.J.; Nijkamp, H.J.J. (1979) Induction of root
and shoot formation from root meristems of Petunia hybrida .
Protoplaana 99(4):335-340.
Colomina, M.; Roux, M.V.; Turrion, C. (1975) Thermochemical
properties of naphthalene compounds: III. Enthalpies of
combustion and formation of the 1- and 2-naphthylacetic acids
and 1- and 2-naphthyl acetates. Journal of Chemical
Thermodynamics 7(8):759-762.
Constabel, P.; Rhyluk, J.P.; Gamborg, O.L. (1971) The effect of
hormones on anthocyanin accumulation in cell cultures
of Haplopappus qracilis . Planta 96(4):306-316.
Coombe, B.C. (1952) Setting currants with growth substances.
Journal of Agriculture of South Australia 56:186-188,196.
Corden, M.E.; Dimond, A.E. (1959) The effect of growth-regulating
substances on disease resistance and plant growth.
Phytopathology 49(2):68-72.
Corden, M.E.; Edgington, L.V. (1960) A calcium requirement for
growth-regulator-induced resistance to Fusarium wilt of tomato.
Phytopathology 50:625-626.
Corley, R.H.V. (1976) Sex differentiation in oil palm: effects of
growth regulators. Journal of Experimental Botany
27 (98):553-558.
Crabtree, G.; Bukovac, M.J. (1977) NAA-induced ethylene production
as a means of evaluating spray parameters. HortScience
12 (4):393.
Craft, C.C.; Audia, W.V. (1959) Some effects of isopropyl
N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate on respiration, water uptake and
ion leakage of potato tissue. American Potato Journal
36:386-393.
Creed, L.D. (1972) NAA as a growth retardant.
37 (3):25-29.
Arborist's News
Criley, R.A.; Parvin, P.E. (1979) Promotive effect" of auxin,
ethephon, and daminozide on the rooting of Protea
neriifolia cuttings. Journal of the American Society for
Horticultural Science 104(5):592-596.
Crosby, D.G.; Bowers, J.B.; Shindy, W.W. (19??) 1-Naphthaleneacetic
acid in Olives. [Unpublished review of residues and detection
methods in olives] (PPf 1E1099, pages 64 to 99)
-------
000004943 Crosby, D.G.; Bowers, J.B.; Shindy, W.W. (1970) 1-Naphthaleneacetic
acid in Olives. Includes two undated methods. (Unpublished
study received Nov 25, 1970 under 1E1099; prepared by University
of California at Davis, Dept. of Environmental Toxicology and
Agricultural Experiment Station, submitted by Interregional
Research Project No. 4, New Brunswick, N.J.; CDL:090859-B)
005002574 Crosby, D.G.; Tang, C.S. (1959) Photodeccmposition of
1-naphthaleneacetic acid. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry 17 (6):1291-1293.
005016237 Cross, J.W.; Briggs, W.R.; Dohrmann, U.C.; Ray, P.M. (1978) Auxin
receptors of maize coleoptile membranes do not have ATPase
activity. Plant Physiology 61(4):581-584.
005012526 Croxall, H.E.; Ogilvie, L. (1940) The effect of seed dressings
containing growth-promoting substances on lettuce, tomato, sugar
beet and dwarf bean. Pages 29-34, In Long Ashton Research
Station, University of Bristol, Report 1940. Bristol, England:
Long Ashton Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station.
005009528 Cywinska-Smoter, K.; Rudnicki, R.M.; Goszczynska, D. (1978) The
effect of exogenous growth regulators in opening tight
carnation buds. Scientia Horticulturae 9(2):155-165.
005019221 Davies, M.E.; Dale, M.M. (1979) Factors affecting in vitro shoot
regeneration on leaf discs of Solanum laciniatum AIT.
Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenphysiologie 92(1):51-60.
005008899 Davis, D.; Dimond, A.E. (1956) Site of disease resistance induced
by plant-growth regulators in tomato. Phytopathology
46:551-552.
005005852 Davison, R.M. (1955) The use of chemical thinning sprays on apple
trees in New Zealand: Part II. Further experiments with
dinitro compounds and synthetic growth substances. New Zealand
Journal of Science and Technology, Section A 37(1):1-7.
005019915 Davison, R.M. (1955) The use of chemical thinning sprays on apple
trees in New Zealand: I. Preliminary experiments in Hawke's
Bay and Nelson. New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology,
Section A 36:506-515.
005011805 Davison, R.M. (1956) The use of chemical thinning sprays on apple
trees in New Zealand: III. Effect on fruit storage life. IV.
Compatibility of growth substances with therapeutant sprays.
New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, Series A
38(1): 34-44.
005009191 De Ropp, R.S. (1947) The response of normal plant tissues and of
crown-gall tumor tissues to synthetic growth hormones.
American Journal of Botany 34(2):53-62.
-------
005013859 Dippy, J.P.J.; Hughes, S.R.C.; Laxton, J.W. (1954) Chemical
constitution and the dissociation constants of roonocarboxylic
acids. Part XIV. Monomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acids.
Journal of the Chemical Society 48:4102-4106.
005003276 Dittmer, D.S., ed. (1959) Handbook of Toxicology. Volune V:
Fungicides. Philadelphia, Pa.: W.B. Saunders. (Available
from: University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, MI)
005008052 Dixon, P.A.F.; Caldwell, J.; Smith, R.L. (1977) Metabolism of
arylacetic acids: 1: The fate of 1-naphthylacetic acid and its
variation with species and dose. Xenobiotica 7(11):695-706.
005008049 Dixon, P.A.F.; Caldwell, J.; Smith, R.L. (1977) Metabolism of
arylacetic acids: 4. Physico-chemical, structural and
biological factors influencing the pattern of conjugation.
Xenobiotica 7(12):727-736.
005008057 Dixon, P.A.F.; Caldwell, J.; Woods, C.J.; Smith, R.L. (1976)
Influence of chemical structure on the pattern of conjugation in
vivo and in vitro of some arylacetic acids in the rat.
Biochemical Society Transactions 4(1):143-145,
005014979 Dixon, P.A.F.; Uwaifo, A.O.; Caldwell, J.; Smith, R.L. (1974) The
conjugation of alpha-naphthylacetic acid in vivo. Biochemical
Society Transactions 2(5):879-881.
005013246 Doellstaedt, R.; Hirschberg, K.; Huebner, G. (1974) The binding of
auxins to protein fractions of Pisum arvense . Pages
375-377, In Biochemistry and Chemistry of Plant Growth
Regulators, Proceedings of the International Symposium; Sep
24-26, 1974, Cottbus, German Democratic Republic. Edited by K.
Schreiber, H.R. Schutte and G. Sembdner. Halle, German
Democratic Republic: Research Centre for Molecular Biology and
Medicine.
005008826 Doi, S.; Takahashi, T.; Yanagishima, N. (1973) Auxin-induced large
cell mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae I- Induction, and
biochemical and genetic characters. Japanese Journal of
Genetics. A translation of: Idengaku Zasshi. 48 (3):185-195.
005010180 Donbrow, M.; Rhodes, C.T. (1964) Potentiometric studies of the
solutilisation of organic acids and amines by a non-ionic
surfactant: relation of the distribution coefficients and
activities to the pH changes occuring. Pages
397-404, In Internationaler Kongress der Pharmazeutischen
Wissenschaften, Vortraege und Originalmitteilungen, 23rd; Sep
9-14, 1963, Muenster, Germany. Frankfurt am Main, Germany:
Govi-Verlag (Pharmazeutischer Verlag).
005003509 Done, A.K. (1979) The toxic emergency: killers of weeds, fungi,
and occasional people. Emergency Medicine
11(4):186-187,191-193,197.
-------
005014984 Donoho, C.W., Jr. (1963) Translocatlon and biological breakdown of
C14 labeled naphthaleneacetic acid by the apple. Pages
370-377, In Proceedings of the 16th International Horticultural
Congress;"T962. Vol. 3.
005008059 Donoho, C.W., Jr.; Mitchell, A.E.; Bukovac, M.J. (1961) The
absorption and translocation of ring labeled C14
naphthaleneacetic acid in the apple and peach. Proceedings of
the American Society for Horticultural Science 78 (8):96-103.
005008060 Donoho, C.W., Jr.; Mitchell, A.E.; Sell, H.M. (1962) Enzymatic
destruction of C14 labeled indoleacetic acid and
naphthaleneacetic acid by developing apple and peach seeds.
Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science
80:43-49.
005002351 Doran, W.L. (1952) Effects of treating cuttings of woody plants
with both a root-inducing substance and a fungicide. Pages
487-491, ^n Proceedings—American Society for Horticultural
Science. Vol. 60. St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society for
Horticultural Science. (Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment
Station Contribution no. 837)
005007455 Dubos, R.J. (1946) Inhibition of bacterial growth by auxins.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and
Medicine 63:317-319.
005012666 Duncan, H.J. (1973) Influence of carboxylic acids on the behaviour
of adenine compounds in vitro and the possible implications of
these effects on plant metabolic processes. Journal of the
Science of Food and Agriculture 24 (3):271-278.
005008061 Dye, W.S., Jr.; Overholser, M.D.; Vinson, C.G. (1944) Injections
of certain plant growth substances in rats and chick embryos.
Growth 8:1-11.
000004956 Edgerton, L.J. (1967) Pesticide Residue GLC Analysis Sheet. (Un-
published study including letter dated Nov 17, 1970 from L.J.
Edgerton to G.M. Markle, received Dec 4, 1970 under 1E1094; pre-
pared by Cornell Univ., Dept. of Pomology, submitted by Inter-
regional Research Project No. 4, New Brunswick, N.J.; CDL:
090854-C)
000004940 Edgerton, L.J.; Haeseler, C.W. (1959) Some factors influencing the
absorption of Naphthaleneacetic acid and Naphthaleneacetamide by
apple leaves. Pages 54-60, In Proceedings of the American Soci-
ety for Horticultural Science; Dec 1959, Beltsville, Maryland.
Beltsville, Md.: U.S. Plant Industry Station. (Also ^n unpub-
lished submission received Feb 15, 1962 under 264-141; submitted
by Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:
002116-B)
005009494 Edgerton, L.J.; Haeseler, C.W. (1959) Some factors influencing the
absorption of naphthaleneacetic acid and naphthaleneacetamide
by apple leaves. Proceedings of the American Society for
Horticultural Science 74:54-60.
-------
005005176 Edgerton, L.J.; Hoffman, M.B. (1951) The effectiveness of several
growth regulating chemicals in delaying the harvest drop of the
Mclntosh apple. Proceedings of the American Society for
Horticultural Science 57:120-124.
000004955 Edgerton, L.J.; Hoffman, M.B. (1960) Residues Resulting from Appli-
cation of 14C Labeled Naphthaleneacetamide and Naphthaleneacetic
Acid as Thinning Sprays on Wealthy Apples. Includes method
dated Oct 22, 1960. (Unpublished study including letter dated
Nov 12, 1970 from L.J. Edgerton to G.M. Markle, received Dec 4,
1970 under 1E1094; prepared by Cornell Univ., Dept. of Pomology
in cooperation with U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and Amchem Prod-
ucts, Inc., submitted by Interregional Research Project No. 4,
New Brunswick, N.J.; CDL:090854-A)
000004933 Edgerton, L.J.; Primer, P.E. (1961) Residues Resulting from Appli-
cation of 14C Labeled Naphthaleneacetic acid as a Harvest Spray
on Mclntosh Apples. Includes undated method. (Unpublished
study including letter dated Nov 17, 1961 from L.J. Edgerton to
R.W. Gannon, received Nov 27r 1961 under 264-142; prepared by
Cornell Univ., Dept. of Pomology, submitted by Union Carbide
Agricultural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:002117-A)
005011136 Edgington, L.V.; Corden, M.E.; Dimond, A.E. (1961) The role of
pectic substances in chemically induced resistance to Fusarium
wilt of tomato. Phytopathology 51:179-182.
GS0023031 Elars Bioresearch Laboratories (1979) Six month oral toxicity study
of naphthalene acetic acid in beagle dogs. CAmchem Products;
CDL: 099035; Project # 1395]
005018824 Elfving, D.C.; Forshey, C.G. (1976) Responses of vigorous
"Delicious" apple trees to pruning and growth regulator
treatments. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural
Science 101(5):561-564.
005007254 Eliasson, L. (1961) Responses of pea roots to growth substances.
Physiologia Plantarurn 14:803-812.
005006187 Eliasson, L. (1961) The influence of growth substances on the
formation of shoots from aspen roots. Physiologia Plantarum
14:150-156.
005005890 Eliasson, L. (1962) Responses of aspen roots to auxins with
particular regard to the effects of chlorinated phenoxyacetic
acids. Physiologia Plantarum 15:753-763.
005013903 Eliasson, L. (1963) Response of aspen roots to auxin-type growth
substances applied to the. leaves. Physiologia Plantarum
16(1): 201-214.
005008286 Eliasson, L. (1963) The toxic effects of chlorinated phenoxyacetic
acids on aspen. Physiologia Plantarum 16(2):255-268.
-------
005007497 Emudianughe, T.S.; Caldwell, J.; Smith, R.L. (1979) Anino acid
conjugation responses to 2-naphthylacetic acid in rodents.
Biochemical Society Transactions 7 (3):522-523.
005019043 Fahn, A.; Werker, E.; Ben-Tzur, P. (1979) Seasonal effects of
rounding and growth substances on development of traumatic
resin ducts in Cedrus libani . New Phytologist 92 (2):537-544.
005007048 Fairchild, E.J., ed. (1977) Agricultural Chemicals and Pesticides:
A Subfile of the NIOSH Registry of Tbxic Effects of Chemical
Substances. Cincinnati, Ohio: National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health. (Pagination includes 46 pages
numbered i-xlvi; available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA: PB-274
748)
005009497 Farooqui, A.A.; Nalawadi, U.G.; Sulladmath, U.V. (1971) Effect of
growth regulators on the germination of sapota ( Achras
sapota L.) seeds. Hysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences
V (3): 341-343.
005008295 Farrimond, J.A.; Elliot, M.C.; Clack, D.W. (1978) Charge
separation as a component of the structural requirements for
hormone activity. Nature 274 (5659):401-402.
00500B294 Farrow, M.G.; Blaydes, D.F.; Van Dyke, K. (1976) The effect of
plant growth substances and natural products on RNA and DNA
synthesis in leukocytes. Experientia 32(1):29-30.
005018600 Fellenberg, G. (1971) Untersuchungen ueber die Bindung
pflanzlicher VAichsstoffe an verschiedene Komponenten des
Chromatins in vitro: II. Versuche mit verschiedenen kuenstlich
rekonstituierten Nucleoproteiden. Investigations upon the
binding of plant growth substances to several components of the
chrcroatin in vitro: II. Experiments with differently
reconstituted nucleoproteins.] Planta 100(4):347-356.
005009002 Fensom, D.S. (1955) Effect of synthetic growth regulators on the
electrical potentials of red pine trees. Journal of Forestry
53 (12):915-916.
005008072 Ferri, M.G. (1945) Preliminary observations on the translocation
of synthetic growth substances. Contributions from Boyce
Thompson Institute 14(2):51-*8.
005007416 Field, R.J.; Peel, A.J. (1971) The metabolism and radial movement
of growth regulators and herbicides in willow stems. New
Phytologist 70(4):743-749.
005012911 Field, R.J.; Peel, A.J. (1971) The movement of growth regulators
and herbicides into the sieve elements of willow. New
Phytologist 70(6):997-1003.
-------
005017435 Filov, V.A. (1973) Opredelenie alfa-naftiluksusnoi kisloty.
96-98, In Metody Opredeleniya Fitogormonov, Ingibitorov Rosta,
Defoliantov i Gerbitsidov. Methods for the Determination of
Phytohormones, Growth Inhibitors, Defoliants and Herbicides.]
Edited by Y.V. Rakitin. Moscow, USSR: Akademiya Nauk SSR.
005022160 Finch, N. (1945) Effects on mice of a diet containing methyl ester
of alph naphthalene acetic acid. Contributions from Boyce
Thompson Insitute 14:69-78.
005020107 Flerov, A.F.; Kovalenko, E.I. (1952) Anatomicheskiye izmenyeniya v
tkanyakh cherenkov vinogradnoy lozy pod vliyaniyem
alpha-naftiluksusnoy kisloty. Anatomical changes in tissues
of grapevine cuttings treated with alpha-naphthylacetic acid.l
Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. Proceedings of the Academy of
Sciences of the USSR.l LXXXV(2):433-436.
005010518 Flerov, A.F.; Kovalenko, E.I. (1952) Vliyanie alpha-naftiluksusnoi
kisloty na peredvizhenie sakharov v cherenkakh vinogradnoi
lozy. The effect of alpha-naphthyl acetic acid on the
movement of sugars in grapevine cuttings.] Doklady Akademii
Nauk SSSR. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the
USSR.] LXXXV(1):221-224.
005009197 Flore, J.A.; Bukovac, M.J. (1976) EPTC-induced changes in
wettability, retention, and permeability of the cabbage leaf
cuticle abstract no. 187] HortScience 11(3):316.
005009003 Fonnesbech, M. (1974) The influence of NAA, BA and temperature on
shoot and root development from Begonia x cheimantha petiole
segments grown in vitro. Physiologia Plantarum 32(1):49-54.
005009001 Foster, C.A. (1969) Efficacy of selective gametocides on Lolium
perenne L. Annals of Botany 33(133):947-950.
005015703 Franke, G.; El-Hamid Hassanein, A.E. (1976) 7um Einfluss von GS,
CCC, MH und NES auf Keimung und Jugendentwicklung von Zea
mays L. bei unterschiedlicher NaCl-Substratversalzung. On
the effect of GS, CCC, MH and NES on the germination and
initial development of Zea mays L. at different NaCl substrate
salting.] Beitraege zur Tropischen Landwirtschaft und
Veterinaermedizin 14(4):361-367.
00501507*2 Franzia, A.P.; Menendez, R.A. (1978) Water sprout control in apple
cultivars. Compact Fruit Tree 11:120-124.
005007966 French, M.R.; Bababunmi, E.A.; Golding, R.R.; Bassir, 0.; Caldwell,
J.; Smith, R.L.; Williams, R.T. (1974) The conjugation of phenol,
benzole acid, 1-naphthylacetic acid and sulphadimethoxine in the
lion, civet and genet. FEBS Letters 46(1):134-137.
005015071 French, R.C.; Beevers, H. (1953) Respiratory and growth responses
induced by growth regulators and allied compounds. American
Journal of Botany 40:660-666.
-------
005007276 Fried, J.H.; Harrison, I.T., Inventors; Syntex Corp., assignee
(1975) Z-ffi'-Methoxy^'-nrtphthyl) acetic acid. U.S. patent
3,904,682. Sep 9. 17 p. Int. a. 260/520.
005007277 Pried, J.H.; Harrison, I.T., inventors; Syntex Corp., assignee
(1975) Dihydo 2-naphthylacetic acid derivatives. U.S. patent
3,896,157. Jul 22. 22 p. Int. Cl. 260/469.
005014662 Friedmann, E.; Tuerk, W. (1913) Weitere Versuche ueber den Abbau
des Naphthalinkernes im Tierkoerper. Further research on the
degradation of the naphthalene nucleus in the animal body.]
Biochemlsche Zeitachrift 55:463-476.
005014401 Gallagher, J.E.; Bnerson, B.H. (1955) Crabgrass control
observations for 1954. Pages 385-389, In Proceedings of the
Northeastern Weed Control Conference. Vol. 7. Farmingdale,
N.Y.: Northeastern Weed Control Conference.
000009495 Gambrell, C.E., Jr.; Rhodes, W.H.j Sims, E.T., Jr. (1967) Some Ef-
fects of Four Growth Regulators on Thinning, Yield, Size and Ma-
turity of Ranger Peaches When Applied for One Year and Two Y^ars
in Succession. (Research series no. 101; unpublished study re-
ceived Jun 5, 1969 under 9F0813; prepared by Clemson Univ.,
Sandhill Experiment Station, Horticulture Dept., submitted by
Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091404-H)
000009494 Gambrell, C.E., Jr.; Rhodes, W.H.; Suber, R.D., Jr. (1965) The Ef-
fect of Six Growth Regulators Applied at Varying Concentrations
and at 4 Stages of Growth on Fruit Set, Yield, Size and Maturity
of Ranger Peaches and Their Effect on Vegetative Growth of Trees
and Effect on Fruit at Harvest. (Research series no. 65; unpub-
lished study received Jun 5, 1969 under 9FOR13; prepared by
Clemson Univ., Sandhill Experiment Station, Horticulture Dept.,
submitted by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091404-G)
005008083 Georgieva, M.; Vellnov, G.; Budevsky, 0. (1978) Acid-base
equilibria in the mixed solvent 80% dimethyl sulfoxide-20%
water: Part 2. Determination of pK values and investigation of
the conditions for tltration of some aromatic carboxylic acids
and their conjugated bases. Analytics Chimlca Acta
101(1): 139-144.
005016578 Gondo, M. (1953) Shokubutsu hormone no tabako mozaiku byosho
hatsugen nl oyobosu elkyo (dai 1-po). Effect of plant
hormones on tobacco mosaic symptoms (I).] Nippon Shokubutsu
Byori Gakkalho. Annals of the Phytopathologlcal Society of
Japan.1 XVIII(1/2):22-24.
005015357 Gondo, M. (1954) Shokubutsu hormone no tabaco mosaic
byobyochohatsugen ni oyobosu eikyo (II). The effect of plant
hormones on tobacco mosaic symptoms (II).] Nippon Shokubutsu
Byorl Gakkalho. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of
Japan.) XIX(1 /2):39-40.
-------
005020221
005009081
005015024
005016241
005008129
005006326
005008085
005013710
005005582
005001418
000004918
Gore, R.C.; Hannah, R.W.; Pattacini, S.C.; Porro, T.J. (1971)
Infrared and ultraviolet spectra of seventy-six pesticides.
Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists
005009027
Goren, R.; Bukovac, M.J. (1972) Mechanism of conluqatlon of foliar
absorbed NAA In Vlgna sp. abstract no. 3131. Plant Physloloqy
49:56.
Gorter, C.J. (1957) Abscission as a bio-assay for the
determination of plant growth regulators. Physlologla
Plantarum 10 (5 ) : 858-868 .
Gorter, C.J. (1960) Oplosbaarheid van groelstoffen. Solubility
of plant growth regulators. 1 Mededellngen van de Directeur
Tulnbouw. Communications of the Ministry of Horticulture.!
23:300.
Gortner, W.A. (1952) Water of crystallization In the plant-growth
regulator alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid and its salts. Science
115:122-123.
Gortner, W.A.; Leeper, R.W. (1969) Studies on the relation of
chemical structure to plant growth-regulator activity In the
pineapple plant. V. Post-harvest delay of senescence of
pineapple fruit. Botanical Gazette 130 (2) :87-97.
Gourley, L.M.; Keim, W.F.; Stob, M. (1969) Influence of
naphtha] eneacetlc acid and phosphate stress on uterotropic
activity in Trl folium medium L. Crop Science 9 (1 ) : 30-33.
Cowing, D.P.; Leeper, R.W. (1960) Studies on the relation of
chemical structure to plant growth-regulator activity in the
pineapple plant. II. Compounds related to
phenoxyalkylcarboxylic acids, phthalamic acids, and benzole
acids. Botanical Gazette 121:249-257.
Cowing, D.P.; Leeper, R.W. (1960) Studies on the relation of
chemical structure to plant growth- regulator activity In the
pineapple plant. I. Substituted phenyl and
phenoxyalkylcarboxylic acids. Botanical Gazette 121:143-151.
Goza, S.W. (1972) Infrared analysis of pesticide formulations.
Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists
55(5):913-917.
Grace, N.H. (1937) Physiological curve of response to phyto hor-
mones by seeds, growing plants, and lower forms. Canadian
Journal Research, Section C 15(7): 538. (Summary only; also I_n
unpublished submission received Nov 27, 1963 under unknown
admin, no.; submitted by Chevron Chemical Co., Richmond, Calif.;
CDL:227914-A)
Gramlich, J.V.; Frans, R.E. (1964) Kinetics of Chlorella
inhibition by herbicides. Weeds 12 (3): 184-189.
-------
005016240 Grashuis, J.; Man, T.J. de (1945) Over de mogelijke beinvloeding
van de leg bij kippen door geslachtshormonen en
plantengroeistoffen. The possible influence of sex-hormones
and auxines on the production of laying hens.l Tijdschrift
voor Diergeneeskunde. Netherlands Journal of Veterinary
Science.] 70:334-348.
005008711 Greene, D.W. (1969) Factors influencing the foliar penetration of
naphthaleneacetic acid and naphthaleneacetamide into leaves of
pear ( Pyrus communis L.). Dissertation Abstracts
International B 30(12):5384-5385.
005009028 Greene, D.W.; Bukovac, M.J. (1972) Penetration of
naphthaleneacetic acid into pear ( Pyrus communis L.) leaves.
Plant and Cell Physiology 13(2):321-336.
005010171 Greene, D.W.; Bukovac, M.J. (1977) Foliar penetration of
naphthaleneacetic acid: enhancement by light and role of
stomata. American Journal of Botany 64(1):96-101.
005019084 Greene, D.W.; Lord, W.J.; Bramlage, W.J.; Southwick, F.W. (1974)
Effects of low ethephon concentrations on quality of "Mclntosh"
apples. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural
Science 99 (3):239-242.
005019936 Greene, D.W.; Lord, W.J.; Southwick, F.W.; Bramlage, W.J. (1973)
Effects of SADH (Alar), ethephon and preharvest drop control
chemicals on quality of Mclntosh apples. Pages 112-119, In New
England Fruit Meeting: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting cT the
Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association. Vol. 79. North
Amherst, Mass.: Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association.
005012928 Griehl, W. (1947) Ueber eine neue Methode zur Herstellung von
alpha-Naphthylessigsaeure. A new method for the preparation
of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid.l Chemische Berichte
80 (5):410-412.
005019385 Grochowska, M.J.; Lubinska, A. (1973) Comparative studies on
physiological and morphological features of bearing and
non-bearing spurs of the apple tree: II. The effect of
fruiting and growth regulator sprays on respiration rate of
leaves. Physiologia Plantarum 29(3):425-429.
005018473 Gubbels, G.H. (1979) Yield and weight per seed in buckwheat after
foliar applications of growth regulators and antitranspirants.
Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59 (3):857-859.
005007766 Gunther, F.A., ed. (1971) Residue Reviews. Vol. 35.
Residues of Pesticides and Other Foreign Chemicals in Foods
and Feeds. New York: Springer.
005015639 Haccius, B. (1955) Versuche zur somatischen Beeinflussung der
Organbildung pflanzlicher Embryonen. Experiments on somatic
influencing of organ formation in plant embryos.! Experientia
XI(4):149-152.
-------
005007775
005007970
005019571
005012792
005018938
005013616
005020235
005008903
005019578
005008532
005005070
005007255
005018828
000004922
Hallock, H.C.; Deen, O.T. (1956) Greenhouse tests on control of
the beet leafhopper. Journal of Economic Entomology
49(1): 123-126.
Hammerton, J.L. (1975) Experiments with Cyperus rotundus L.t II.
Effects of some herbicides and growth regulators. Weed
Research 15(3):177-183.
Handley, L.W.; Chambliss, O.L. (1979) In vitro propagation
of Cucumis sativus L. HortScience 14(1):22-23.
Hardison, J.R. (1977) Chemical control of ergot in field plots
of Lolium perenne . Plant Disease Reporter 61(10):845-848.
Barney, P.M.; Knap, A. (1979) A technique for the in vitro
propagation of African violets using petioles. Canadian
Journal of Plant Science 59(1):263-266.
Harries, F.H. (1966) Reproduction and mortality of the two-spotted
spider mite on fruit seedlings treated with chemicals. Journal
of Economic Entomology 59(3):501-506.
Harrison, M.A.; Klein, R.M. (1979) Role of growth regulators in
initiation of secondary xylem and phloem cells. Botanical
Gazette 140(1):20-24.
Hasman, M.; Inane, N. (1958) Investigations upon the mechanism of
the action of growth regulators possessing different'nuclei.
Istanbul Universitesi Fen Fakultesi Mecianuasi, Seri B.
Istanbul.] XXIII(1/2):31-43.
Heng, D.A. (1974) Physiological role of succinic
acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide in the stimulation of adventitious
root initiation. Dissertation Abstracts International B
35 (7): 3128.
Herregods, M. (1971) Storage of tomatoes.
20:137-145.
Acta Horticulturae
Sep
Herschler, R.J., inventor; Crown Zellerbach, assignee (1973)
Enhanced plant tissue penetration. U.S. patent 3,756,801.
4. 7 p. Int. a. A Oln 5/00,9/100; Cl. 71-65.
Hilton, H.W.; Nomura, N. (1964) Phytotoxicity of herbicides as
measured by root absorption. Weed Research 4(3):216-222.
Himelrick, D.G.; Pollard, J.E.; Estes, G.O. (1976) Effect of
daminozide and NAA on Ca uptake and accumulation in "Mclntosh"
apple seedlings. Journal of the American Society for
Horticultural Science 101(6):713-715.
Hoffman, M.B.; Edgerton, I. (1951) Results of Commercial Orchard
Tests with ACP: Amid Thin, New York State, 1951. (Unpublished
study received Jan 29, 1960 under 264-137; submitted by Union
Carbide Agricultural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:002080-A)
-------
000004941
005009823
005005725
005008084
GS0023001
GS0023044
000004954
000004952
005008071
005008069
005008070
005010392
Hoffman, M.B.; Edgerton, L.J. (1952) Comparisons of Naphthalene-
acetic acid, 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxypropionic acid and 2,4,5-
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid for controlling the harvest crop of
Mclntosh apples. Pages 225-230, ^n Proceedings of the American
Society for Horticultural Science,- Jun 1952, Ithaca, New York.
Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. (Also In unpublished submission re-
ceived Feb 15, 19*2 under 264-141; submitted by Union Carbide
Agricultural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:002116-C)
Holdsworth, R.P. (1973) Realities of integrated insect control.
Pages 89-92, In Proceedings of the Ohio State Horticultural
Society. Vol. 26. Wbrthington, Ohio: Ohio State
Horticultural Society.
Hopf, P.P.; Hey, G.L. , inventors; Ward Blenkinsop & Co., assignee
(1952) Compositions and method for reducing the loss of crop by
frost damage to flowering plants. U.S. patent 2,610,117. Sep
9. 6 p. Cl. 71-2.5.
Hornstein, I. (1958) Spectrophotofluorometry for pesticide
determinations. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
: 32-34.
Huntington Research Center (1976) Ten-day range-finding study with
NAA by gavage to rats. (Amchem Products; CDL: 009029, EPA Reg.
No. 246-336; PP* OF2277)
Huntington Research Center (1977) Teratology study with NAA acid
(technical) by gavage in the albino rat. [Study ft R-4216-4 (1-
350); Jan 14, 19771 (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No.
264-336; PP# OF2277)
IR-4 Project at Rutgers, the State University (1969) Reasonable
Grounds in Support of Our Petition. (Unpublished study received
Feb 17, 1971 under 1E1094; CDL:093406-G)
IR-4 Project at Rutgers, the State University (1970) Residue and
Metabolism Data on Naphthaleneacetamide and Related Amides!.
(Unpublished study received Feb 17, 1971 under 1E1094; CDL:
093406-D)
Idle, J.R.; Millburn, P.; Williams, R.T. (1976) Taurine
conjugation of arylacetic acids in the ferret. Biochemical
Society Transactions 4(1): 139-141.
Idle, J.R.; Millbum, P.; Williams, R.T. (1978) Taurine conjugates
as metabolites of arylacetic acids in the ferret. Xenobiotica
8 (4): 253-264.
Idle, J.R.; Millburn, P.; Williams, R.T.; Zini, G. (1976) The
conjugation of arylacetic acids in the pigeon compared with the
hen. Biochemical Society Transactions 4(1): 141-143.
Ireland, D.S.; Brown, J.R. (1977) Novel tetracycline analogs.
Part 1. Development of a potential synthetic route. Journal
of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions I (5): 467-470.
-------
005007267
005012632
005008075
005008080
005008081
005019572
005009402
005016873
005015068
005014530
005016835
Jefts, A.w.r inventor; American Cyanamid Co., assignee (1950)
Method of neutralizing and completely removing salts before
distilling crude high-boiling esters. U.S. patent 2,494,133.
Jan 10. 4 p. Cl. 260-475.
Jerebzoff-Quintin, S. (1963) Les substances secretees par Rhizopus
nigricans et Fusarium vasinfectum annulent I1inhibition de
croissance de Nectria galligena provoquee par 1'acide
alpha-naphtalene-acetique. The substances secreted
by Rhizopus nigricans and Fusarium vasinfectum cancel the
growth inhibition of Nectria galligena caused by
alpha-naphthalene acetic acidT!Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires
des Seances de 1'Academie des Sciences 256(3):765-767.
Jolliffe, V.A.; Coggins, C.W., Jr. (1970) A fluorometric method
for the determination of naphthaleneacetic acid residues in
citrus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
18(3):394-396.
Joshi, R.C.; Shukla, T.C. (1974) Effect of hormones on germination
of Phaseolus aureus RoxB. PKV Research Journal 3(1):80-81.
Joshi, R.D.; Dubey, L.N. (1975) Studies on the inhibition of
cucumber mosaic virus in chilli ( Capsicum annuum L.): III.
Effect of growth regulators. Science and Culture
41(7):351-353.
Kamada, H.; Harada, H. (1979) Influence of several growth
regulators and amino acids on in vitro organogenesis of Torenta
fournieri Lind. Journal of Experimental Botany
30 (114):27-36.
Kanazawa, J.; Masuda, T.; lizuka, H.; Yamada, T.; Suzuki, T.
(1973) Dojo oyobi sakumotsu no zanryunoyakubunsekiho.
and crops (5).] Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi. Journal of the
Science of Soil and Animal Fertilizers, Japan.1 44(12):491-502.
Kato, Y. (1978) Induction of adventitious buds on undetached
leaves, excised leaves and leaf fragments of Heloniopsis
orientalis . Physiologia Plantarum 42(1):39-44.
Kaveriappa, K.M.; Safeeulla, K.M. (1975) Nuclear behaviour and
effect of chemicals on the asexual phase of Sclerospora
sorghi . Indian Phytopathology 28 (4):486-490.
Kazemie, M.; Klaembt, D. (1969) Untersuchungen zur Aufnahme von
Naphthalin-1-essigsaeure und ihres Asparaginsaeure-Konjugates
in Weizenkoleoptilgewebe. Studies on the uptake of
naphthalene-1-acetic acid and its aspartic acid conjugate into
wheat coleoptile tissue.] Planta 89(1):76-81.
Khan, S.U. (1975) Chemical derivatization of herbicide residues
for gas liquid chromatographic analysis. Pages
21-50, ^n Residue Reviews. Vol. 59. Edited by F.A. Gunther.
New York: Springer.
-------
005011970 Khripunov, A.K.; Koz'mina, O.P.; Shtennikova, I.N.; Okhrimenko,
G.I. (1970) Efiry tsellyulozy i zhirnoaromaticheskikh kislot.
Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Leningrad). Journal of Applied
Chemistry.] 43(11):2581-2583.
005000299 King, W.V., cotnp. (1954) Chemicals Evaluated as Insecticides and
Repellents at Orlando, Fla. U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Entomology Research Branch.
Washington, D.C.: U.S.D.A. (U.S.D.A. agriculture handbook no.
69).
005010966 Klein, D.T. (1962) Effect of growth-regulators on mutants of
Neurospora.crassa. Physiologia Plantarum 15:239-245.
005015903 Kosinski, J.; Nikonorow, M. (1959) Spektrofotometryczne ilosciowe
oznaczanie technicznego estru metylowpgo kwasu
alpha^-naftylooctowego w ziemniakach. Spectrophotometric
quantitative determination of technical alpha-naphthylacetic
acid methyl ester in potatoes.] Chemia Analityczna (Warsaw).
005015499 Kovina, I.M.; Tsukervanik, I.P. (1964) Karboxyalkilirovanie
arcmaticheskikh uglevodorodov v prisutstvii chlornogo zheleza.
ferric chloride.] Uzbekskii Khimicheskii Zhurnal. Uzbek
Chemical Journal.] 8 (2):33-37.
005006184 Kozinka, V. (1967) Water uptake during rapid changes of
transpiration induced by the presence of high concentration of
growth substances in root medium. Biologia Plantarum
9 (3):222-223.
005008904 Kozinka, V. (1967) Water uptake during rapid changes of
transpiration induced by the presence of high concentration of
growth substances in root medium. Biologia Plantarum
9(3):222-233.
005005839 Kozinka, V. (1970) Inhibition of water uptake by high
concentrations of auxin-like substances. Biologia Plantarum
12 (3):180-190.
005008578 Kraus, E.J.; Mitchell, J.W. (1947) Growth-regulating substances as
herbicides. Botanical Gazette 108 (3):301-350.
005019959 Krause, R.T. (1979) Resolution, sensitivity and selectivity of a
high-performance liquid chromatographic post-column
fluorometric labeling technique for determination of carbamate
insecticides. Journal of Chromatography 185:615-624.
005018676 Kroeller, E. (1974) Eine Moeglichkeit rvc Restmengenbestimmung von
alpha-Naphthylessigsaeure auf Aepfeln. Determination of
residues of alpha-naphthylacetic acid on apples.] Deutsche
Lebensmittel-Rundschau 70(8):279-280.
-------
005003123 Kulkarni, A.P.; Mailman, R.B.? Hodgson, E. (1975) Cytochrome P-450
optical difference spectra of insecticides. A comparative
study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
23 (2):177-183.
005014523 Kuraishi, S. (1977) Shokubutsu seicho choseizai no genjo to
mondaiten. The present state and problems of plant growth
regulators.] Nihon Noyakugaku Kaishi. Journal of Pesticide
Science.] 2(4):471-475.
005008067 Kutsky, R.J.; Rawlins, T.E. (1950) Inhibition of virus
multiplication by naphthalene acetic acid in tobacco tissue
cultures as revealed by a spectrophotometric method. Journal
of Bacteriology 60(6):763-766.
005010968 LaBrecque, G.C.; Adcock, P.H.; Smith, C.N. (1960) Tests with
compounds affecting house fly metabolism. Journal of Economic
Entomology 53(5):802-805.
005010627 LaRue, J.H.; Sibbett, G.S.; Bailey, M.S.; Fitch, L.B.; Yeager,
J.T.; Gerdts, M. (1974) NAA sprout inhibition shown in olives,
pomegranates, prunes, plums, and walnuts. California
Agriculture 28(9):18-19.
005015497 Laibach, P.; Kribben, F.I. (1950) Der Einfluss von VAjchsstoff auf
die Bildung maennlicher und weiblicher Blueten bei einer
monoezischen Pflanze ( Cucumis satiyus L.). The effect of a
growth substance on the formation of male and female flowers in
a monoecious plant ( Cucumis sativus L.).] Berichte der
Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 62:53-55.
005014528 Laibach, F.; Kribben, F.J. (1950) Der Einfluss von Wuchsstoff auf
das Geschlecht der Blueten bei einer monoezischen Pflanze.
a monoecious plant.] Beitraege zur Biologie der Pflanzen
28:64-67.
005019026 Lakso, A.N.; Carpenter, S.G. (1978) Control of regrowth in
mechanically-hedged apple trees with NAA and daminozide.
HortScience 13(1):55-56.
005008585 Lai, N.; Yadav, S.N.; Srivastava, L.S. (1971) Effect of some plant
growth regulators on rooting behaviour of cuttings
of Bougainvillea thimma . Punjab Horticultural Journal
11 (3/4):278-279.
005015069 Lai, R. (1962) Effect of alpha-naphthyl acetic acid, a plant
growth regulator on the toxicity of malathion to red cotton
bug, Dysdercus kpepigi* (Fabricius). Indian Journal of
Entomology 24:180-187.
005018939 Lane, W.D. (1979) Influence of growth regulators on root and shoot
initiation from flax meristem-tips and hypocotyls in vitro.
Physiologia Plantarum 45(2):260-264.
-------
005015507
005012108
005017704
005010626
005008584
005015074
005006710
000004947
005016972
005007273
005012630
Langer, C.A. (1953) The relationship between apple tree vigor and
naphthaleneacetic acid thinning sprays. Michigan Agricultural
Experiment Station Quarterly Bulletin 35 (4) : 467-473.
Langer, R.H.M. (1974) Control of tiller bud growth in the
Gramineae. Pages 432-441, ^n Proceedings of the 12th
International Grassland Congress: Biological and Physiological
Aspects of the Intensification of Grassland Utilization.
Moscow, USSR: International Grassland Congress.
Larsen, F.E. (1970) Promotion of leaf abscission of deciduous
nursery stock with 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid. Proceedings
of the American Society for Horticultural Science
95 (6):
Lau, O.L.; John, W.W.; Yang, S.F. (1978) Inactivity of oxidation
products of indole-3-acetic acid on ethylene production in mung
bean hypocotyls. Plant Physiology 61(1):68-71.
Lavee, S. (1959) The effect of some growth-regulating substances
on the development of Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.) . Journal of
Experimental Botany 10 (30): 359-36^7
Lee, V.; Newman, M.S. (1970) Ethyl 1-naphthyl acetate. Organic
Syntheses 50:77-80.
Leeper, R.W. ; Cowing, D.P.; Stewart, W.S. (19S2) Decarboxylation
of alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid by pineapple leaves in
sunlight. International Journal of Applied Radiation and
Isotopes 13:399-402.
Leeper, R.W.; Cowing, D.P.; Stewart, W.S. (1962) Decarboxylation of
alpha-Naphthaleneacetic acid by pineapple leaves in sunlight.
International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes 13(7):
399-402. (Pineapple Research Institute of Hawaii, Technical
paper no. 286; also In unpublished submission received Nov 25,
1970 under 1E1099; submitted by Interregional Research Project
No. 4, New Brunswick, N.J.; CDL:090859-C)
Lehman, A.J. (1951) Chemicals in foods: a report to the
Association of Food and Drug Officials on current developments.
Part II. Pesticides. Association of Food and Drug Officials
of the United States, Quarterly Bulletin 15:122-133.
Leopold, A.C.; Guernsey, F.S. (1953) A theory of auxin action
involving coenzyme A. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences 39 (11) :1105-1111.
Leopold, A.C.; Guernsey, F.S. (1953) Flower initiation in Alaska
pea: I. Evidence as to the role of auxin. American Journal of
Botany 40:46-50.
-------
000004942
005016125 Leroux, R. (1954) Recherches sur les modifications anatomiques de
trois especes d'osiers ( Salix viminalis L., Salix
purpurea L., Salix fragilis L.) provoquees par 1'acide
naphtalene-acetique. Research on the anatomical alterations
of three species of osier ( Salix viminalis L., Salix
purpurea L.f Salix fraqilis L.) caused by naphthalene acetic
acid.] Ccmptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et
de Ses Filiales 148(3/4):284-286.
Lethco, E.J.; Brouwer, E.A. (1966) The metabolism of naphthalenea-
cetic acid-l-C in rats. Journal of Agriculture and Food
Chemistry 14(5):532-535. (Also In unpublished submission re-
ceived Nov 25r 1970 under 1E1099; submitted by Interregional
Research Project No. 4, New Brunswick, N.J.; CDL:090859-A)
005019028 Leuty, S.J. (1974) Influence of SADH on response of "Mclntosh"
apples to chemical thinning sprays. HortScience 9(3):193-195.
005011966 Levin, I.M. (1975) Rolf kletochnogo yadra v mekhanizme deistviya
auksina na Acetabularia mediterranea . Role of cell nucleus
in mechanism of action of auxin on Acetabularia
mediterranea .] Ontogenez. Ontogenesis.] 6(5):513-518.
005009761 Lewin, I.J.; Monselise, S.P. (1976) Further studies on the
reduction of seeds in mandarins by NAA sprays. Scientia
Horticulturae 4(3):229-234.
005008588 Lewis, L.N.; Coggins, C.W., Jr.; Hield, H.Z. (1964) The effect of
biennial bearing and NAA on the carbohydrate and nitrogen
composition of Wilking mandarin leaves. Proceedings of the
American Society for Horticultural Science 84:147-151.
005009525 Liau, D.F.; Ibrahim, R.K.; Roy, R.M. (1974) Changes in soluble
proteins and nucleic acids associated with callus formation on
flax cotyledons. Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenphysiologie
72 (3):203-212.
005015498 Libbert, E. (1959) Wechselwirkungen zwischen verschiedenen
synthetischen Auxinen bei Keimungsversuchen. Interactions
between various synthetic auxins in germination experiments.]
Biologisches Zentralblatt 78(3):502-518.
005013321 Linder, P.J.; Mitchell, J.W.; Freeman, G.D. (1964) Persistence and
translocation of exogenous regulating compounds that exude from
roots. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
12 (5):437-438.
005010390 Lomax, T.; Rayle, D. (1977) Characterization of an organic factor
which modifies NAA binding to sites on Zea mays cellular
membranes abstract no. 456], Plant Physiology 59(6):83.
005018834 Looney, N.E. (1975) Control of ripening in "Mclntosh" apples: I.
Some growth regulator effects on preharvest drop and fruit
quality at four harvest dates. Journal of the American Society
for Horticultural Science 100(4):330-332.
-------
005016109
005005277
005009748
005010969
005017338
005008587
005008586
005016673
.005016243
005015372
005006646
Losa, G. (1972) Action de 1'acide alpha-naphtylacetique sur
1'activite beta-galactosidasique du Lactobacillus
acidophilus cultive en chemostat. Action of
alpha-naphthylacetic acid on beta-galactosidase activity
of Lactobacillus acidophilus cultured in chemostat.1 Comptes
Rendus Hebdomadal res des Seances de I1Academic des Sciences,
Serie D 274 (26):3552-3555.
Loveless, L.E.; Spoerl, E.; Weisman, T.H. (1954) A survey of
effects of chemicals on division and growth of yeast and
Escherichia.coli . Journal of Bacteriology 68:637-644.
Lowen, B. (1956) The effect of vitamin K and naphthaleneacetic
acid on Datura . II. Svensk Farmaceutisk Tidskrift.
Luckwill, L.C. (1953) Studies of fruit development in relation to
plant hormones. II. The effect of naphthalene acetic acid on
fruit set and fruit development in apples. Journal of
Horticultural Science 28(1):25-40.
Luckwill, L.C. (1976) Growth regulation in top fruit.
Agriculture 9(2):46-51.
Outlook on
Luckwill, L.C.; Lloyd-Jones, C.P. (1962) The absorption,
translocation and metabolism of I-naphthaleneacetic acid
applied to apple leaves. Journal of Horticultural Science
37 (3):190-206.
Maass, H.; Klaembt, D. (1977) Cytokinin effect on protein
synthesis in vivo in higher plants. Planta 133(2):117-120.
MacNeil, J.D.; Frei, R.W.; Hutzinger, 0. (1973)
Electron-donor-acceptor complexing reagents in the analysis of
pesticides. VI. Influence of structure in detection and
identification. Mikrochimica Acta (5):641-650.
Mackiewicz, M. (1965) Zapobieganie przedwczesnemu opadaniu owocow
za pomoca substancji wzrostowych a wartosc przecnowalnicza
jablek. The influence of spraying the apple variety King of
the Pippins with growth substances against the premature
dropping of fruits on their storage quality.! Prace Instytutu
Sadownictwa w Skierniewicach. Papers of the Institute of
Pomology, Skierniewice, Poland.] X:409-418.
Malakondaiah, N.; Rajeswara Rao, G. (1971) Foliar absorption of
117-126, In Proceedings of a Symposium on Radiation and
Radioisotopes in Soil Studies and Plant Nutrition; Dec 21-23,
1970, university of Agricultural Science, Bangalore, India.
Bombay, India: Department of Atomic Energy.
Malanoski, A.J.; Cummings, J.G.; Helrich, K.; Williams, S.; Puma,
B.J.; Butler, S.W. (1979) Report of Subcommittee E on
recommendations for official methods. Journal of the
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 62(2):411-418.
-------
005008288 Malthouse, G.T. (1931) Control of pear midge. Gardeners'
Chronicle 90 (2333):220.
005009012 Mansfield, T.A. (1957) stomatal behaviour following treatment with
auxin-like substances and phenylmercuric acetate. New
Phytology 66(3):325-330.
005016882 Maravalhas, N. (1951) Influencia dos hormonios vegetais das
auxinas na reducao de nitratos por discos de tuberculos.
nitrates by tuber discs.] Dusenia II(4):293-296.
005008902 Marines, N.G. (1962) The nature of auxin induced dormancy in
potatoes. Physiologia Plantarum 15:663-674.
005007965 Marre, E.; Murneek, A.E. (1953) The effects of fertilization and
growth-regulating substances (hormones) on carbohydrate and
hexose-phosphate metabolism during the early stages of growth
of corn kernels (fruit). Science 117:661-663.
005010510 Martin, D.; Lewis, T.L.; Cerny, J.; Grassia, A. (1971) Breakdown
incidence in Cox apples in relation to various chemical
treatments and to fruit composition. Field Station Record
10 (2):35-42.
005009529 Martin, D.; Lewis, T.L.; Cerny, J.; Grassia, A. (1971) Effect of
tree sprays of calcium salts with various additives on storage
disorders in Sturmer apples. Field Station Record 10(1):21-27.
005009499 Martin, D.; Lewis, T.L.; Cerny, J.; Ratkowsky, D.A. (1976) The
effect of tree sprays of calcium, boron, zinc and
naphthaleneacetic acid, alone and in all combinations, on the
incidence of storage disorders in Merton apples. Australian
Journal of Agricultural Research 27(3):391-398.
000009482 Martin, G.C.; Griggs, W.H. (1970) The effectiveness of Succinic
acid, 2,2-dimethylhydrazide in preventing preharvest drop of
Bartlett pears. Hort. Science 5 (4):258-259. (Also In unpub-
lished submission received Nov 4, 1975 under 400-79; submitted
by Uniroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:094839-G)
005008905 Mathur, S.B.; Narula, P.N. (1963) Effect of certain fungicides,
antibiotics and synthetic phytohormones on the germination of
chlamydospores of Protomyces macrosporus causing "stem-gall"
disease of coriander. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, India, Section B 33(4):615-617.
005011550 Matveev, M.I. (1950) Udalenie list'ev u inzhira i granata
deistviem alfa-naftiluksusnoi kisloty. Use of alpha-naphthyl
acetic acid for defoliation of fig and pomegranate.] Doklady
Akademii Nauk SSSR. Proceedings of the Academy of Science of
the USSR.] LXXII(1):189-191.
005009013 Maurya, A.N.; Lai, S. (1975) Effect of plant regulators on the
growth and development on onion ( Aliiurn cepa L.) transplants.
Bangladesh Horticulture 3(2):ll-lf
-------
005009498 McClellan, W.D.; Stuart, N.W. (1944) Fungicides for controlling
bulb scale rot and as carriers for growth substances in the
propagation of Easter lilies. Phytopathology 34 (11):992-993.
005013856 McClellan, W.D.; Stuart, N.W. (1947) The influence of nutrition on
Fusarium basal rot of narcissus and on Fusarium yellows of
gladiolus. American Journal of Botany 34:88-93.
005009010 McKenzie, D.W. (1953) Influence of alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid on
the pre-harvest drop of Jonathan apples: I. Effect of repeated
applications on pre-harvest drop and fruit quality. New
Zealand Journal of Science and Technology 35:45-52.
005009009 Meador, D.B. (1974) Control of suckers on apple trees.
Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society
108:114-115.
005015546 Mehra, P.N.; Pahwa, M.S. (1976) Phenotypic variations
in Fossombronia himalayensis Kash. in vitro—effect of sugars,
auxins, growth substances and growth inhibitors. Journal of
the Hattori Botany Laboratory (40):371-395.
005016150 Mel'nikov, N.N. (1978) Pestitsidy v sel'skom khozyaistve v
shveitsarii v 1978 g. Pesticides in agriculture in Sweden in
1978.] Khimiya v Sel'skom Khozyaistve. Chemistry in
Agriculture.] 16(11):19-22.
005010517 Mel'nikov, N.N.; Turetskaya, R.K.; Baskakov, Y.A.; Boyarkin, A.N.;
Kuznetsova, M.S. (1953) Stroenie i fiziologicheskaya aktivnost1
na rasteniyakh zameshchennykh feniluksusnykh i naftiluksusnykh
kislot. The structure and the physiological activity of
substituted phenylacetic and naphthylacetic acids on plants.]
Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. Proceedings of the Academy of
Sciences of the USSR.] LXXXIX(5):953-956.
005017298 Melnikov, N.N. (1971) Chemistry of Pesticides. Edited by F.A.
Gunther. New York: Springer-Verlag. (Residue reviews, vol.
36)
005016697 Menschick, R.; Hild, V.; Hager, A. (1977) Decarboxylierung von
Indolylessigsaeure im Zusammenhang mit dem Phototropismus
in Avena -Koleoptilen. Decarboxylation of indolyl-acetic
acid in relation to phototropism in Avena coleoptiles.] Planta
133 (3):223-228.
005015067 Metcalf, R.L. (1971) The chemistry and biology of pesticides.
Pages 1-144, ^n Pesticides in the Environment. Part 1. Edited
by R. White-Stevens. New York: Marcel Dekker.
005011071 Meyer, R.E.; Buchholtz, K.P. (1963) Effect of chemicals on buds of
quackgrass rhizomes. Weeds ll(l):4-7.
005017951 Meylan, S. (1976) Etude conductimetrique des effets de trois
auxines sur un parenchyme de reserve. Conductimetric study of
the effects of three auxins on a reserve parenchyma.]
Physiologia Plantarum 38(4):267-272.
-------
005016579 Michniewicz, M. (1961) Wplyw auksyn i gibereliny na intensywnosc
transpiracji pomidorow. The influence of auxins and
gibberellic acid on transpiration intensity of tomatoes.] Acta
Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae XXX(1):133-148.
005007264 Migrdichian, V., inventor; American Cyanamid Co., assignee (1943)
Method of refining crude 1-naphthylacetic acids. U.S. patent
2,336,364. Dec 7. 3 p. Cl. 260-525.
005004848 Miller, I.H., Jr.; Burris, R.H. (1951) Effect of plant growth
substances upon oxidation of ascorbic and glycolic acids by
cell-free enzymes from barley. American Journal of Botany
38:547-549.
005019568 Miller, S.S. (1979) Effect of ethephon, NAA, 2,4,5-TP and 2,4-DP
on fruit drop, quality and economic losses in "Delicious" and
"Golden Delicious" apples abstract no. 265]. HortScience
14(3):430.
005015715 Ministro della Sanita (1979) Quantita massime di residui di
antiparassitari consentite negli alimenti. Maximum amount of
permissable antiparasitic residues permitted in foods.]
Industrie Conserve. Canning Industry.] 54(l):77-84.
005011551 Mirimanian, V.A. (1949) Fiziologicheskoe deistvie
alpha-naftiluksusnoi kisloty na limonnoe rastenie.
tree.] Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. Proceedings of the
Academy of Science of the USSR.] LXVI(4):737-740.
005013262 Misato, T.;'0ko, D.; Homma, Y.; Kaneo, S.; Toyota, T.; Suyama, T.,
inventors; Aji-no-moto Ltd. and Rikagaku Kenkyujo, assignee
(1974) Noengeiyo sakknzai. Fungicides for agricultural and
horticultural use.] Japanese patent specification 74-20492.
May 25. 6 p. Int. Cl. A Oln 9/12,9/20,9/22.
005006123 Misra, R.S. (1972) Effect of agar, boron and growth-regulators in
germinating medium on pollen germination of Java plum
( Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels). Indian Journal of
Agricultural Science 42(1):16-20.
005006944 Mitchell, A.E.; Hamner, C.L.; Toenjes, W. (1949) The effect of
2-methyl,4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid in preventing preharvest
drop of apples. Proceedings of the American Society for
Horticultural Science 53:163-168.
005013424 Mitchell, J.E.; Burris, R.H.; Riker, A.J. (1949) Inhibition of
respiration in plant tissues by callus stimulating substances
and related chemicals. American Journal of Botany 36:368-378.
005006702 Mitra, O.K.; Raychaudhuri, S.P. (1973) Effect of some base
analogues, growth regulators and antibiotics on the systemic
development and concentration of potato virus Y (PVY) in vivo
on tobacco. Proceedings of the Indian National Science
Academy, Part B 39(2):194-198.
-------
005015904
005015500
005009011
005008077
005009008
005009530
005018948
005008813
005004988
005009007
005008297
005009004
Molot, P.M.; Nourrisseau, J.G. (1974) Influence de quelques
substances de croissance sur la sensibilite du fraisier aux
attaques de Phytophthora cactorum . Effects of some growth
substances on the susceptibility of strawberry plants
to Phytophthora cactorum .] Fruits 29 (10):697-702.
Morel, G. (1965) The effect of growth regulators on nitrogen
metabolism of plant tissues. Pages 93-101, In Proceedings of
an International Conference on Plant Tissue Culture; May, 1963,
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Edited by P.R. White and A.R. Grove. Berkeley, Calif.:
McCutchan Publishing Corporation.
Morgan, P.W.; Gausman, H.W. (1966) Effects of ethylene on auxin
transport. Plant Physiology 41(1):45-52.
Morre, D.J.; Bracker, C.E. (1976) Ultrastructural alteration of
plant plasma membranes induced by auxin and calcium ions.
Plant Physiology 58(4):544-547.
Morris, D.A.; Thomas, A.G. (1974) The specificity of auxin
transport in intact pea seedlings ( Pisum sativum L.).
Planta 118 (3):225-234.
Mote, U.N.; Patil, A.V. (1974) Effect of carbarlyfi.e.
carbaryl]-urea-planofix-mixtures on the control of fruit borer
and yield of tomato ( Lycopersicum esculentum L.). Farm
Journal (Calcutta) 16(l):41-43.
Moutia, S. (1973) The effect of gibberellic acid, naphthalene
acetic acid and indole acetic acid on floral buds of
tea, Camellia sinensis (L) 0. Kuntze. Revue Agricole et
Sucriere de 1'Ile Maurice 52(3):97-103.
Moye, H.A. (1975) Plasma chromatography of pesticides.
Chromatographic Science 13(6):285-290.
Journal of
Moye, H.A.; Wheaton, T.A. (1979) Determination of
naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in oranges, tangerines, and
processed products: high-performance liquid chromatography
with fluorometric detection. Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry 27(2):291-294.
Moyed, H.S.; Williamson, V. (1967) 3-Methyleneoxindole reductase
of peas. Plant Physiology 42(4):510-514.
Moyed, H.S.; Williamson, V. (1967) Multiple 3-methyleneoxindole
reductases of peas: differential inhibition by synthetic
auxins. Journal of Biological Chemistry 242(5):1075-1077.
Mozie, 0. (1968) The use of hormones to suppress soft rot on white
yams ( Dioscorea rotundata ) in storage. Nigerian Journal of
Science 2(1):31-34.
-------
005008296 Mukherjif R.N.; Chatterji, A.K. (1966) Chemically induced apparent
meiotic behaviour of somatic cells letter]. Science and
Culture 32 (4):197-198.
005011332 Munshi, V.G.; lyengar, R.L.N. (1968) Note on the effect of
alpha-naphthalene acetic acid on the physical properties of
"320 F" cotton. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science
38(1): 53-55.
005006790 Murneek, A.E. (1950) Search for a better preharvest spray.
Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science
55:177-180.
000004928 Murneek, A.E. (1954) Chemical Thinning of Jonathan Apples. (Unpub-
lished study including letter dated Nov 22, 1954 from A.E. Mur-
neek to A.J. Tafure, received Jan 29, 1960 under 264-137; pre-
pared by Univ. of Missouri—Columbia, Dept. of Horticulture,
submitted by Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co., Ambler,
Pa.; CDL:002080-G)
000004923 Murneek, A.E.; Teubner, F.G. (1953) The dual action of Naphthalene-
acetic acid in thinning of apples. Pages 149-154, In Proceed-
ings of the American Society for Horticultural Science; Jun
1953, Ithaca, New York. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. (Also
In unpublished submission received Jan 29, 1960 under 264-137;
submitted by Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co., Ambler,
Pa.; CDL:002080-B)
005009006 Murphy, E.F.; Stiles, W.C.; True, R.H. (1971) The effect of
succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) on the sensory
quality of "Mclntosh" apples. Journal of the American Society
for Horticultural Science 96(4):472-473.
005008074 Murphy, G. (1978) The relevance of auxin binding to plant membrane
fractions. Pesticide Science 9(2):161.
005019035 Nauer, E.M.; Boswell, S.B.; Holmes, R.C. (1979) Persistence of
NAA-induced growth inhibition in sweet orange seedlings.
HortScience 14(4):525-526.
005005000 Newsome, W.H. (197y) Report on fungicides, herbicides, and plant
growth regulators. Journal of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists 62(2):379-380.
005018282 Nooden, L.D.; Kahanak, G.M.; Okatan, Y. (1979) Prevention of
monocarpic senescence in soybeans with auxin and cytokinin: an
antidote for self-destruction. Science 206(4420):841-843.
005012835 Normand, G.; Schuber, P.; Benveniste, P.; Beauvais, D. (1977)
Effect of red light on the binding of NAA on maize coleoptile
microsomes. Pages 225-230, In Regulation of Cell Membrane
Activities in Plants, Proceedings of the International
Workshop; Aug 26-29, 1976, Istituto Italian© di Idrobiologia,
Pallanza, Italy. Edited by E. Marre and 0. Ciferri.
Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical
Press.
-------
005011543 Norris, R.F.; Bukovac, M.J. (1969) Some physical-kinetic
considerations in penetration of naphthaleneacetic acid through
isolated pear leaf cuticle. Physiologia Plantarum
22 (4):701-712.
005007133 Norris, R.F.; Bukovac, M.J. (1972) Effect of pH on penetration of
naphthaleneacetic acid and naphthaleneacetamide through
isolated pear leaf cuticle. Plant Physiology 49(4):615-618.
005009038 Norris, R.F.; Bukovac, M.J. (1972) Influence of cuticular waxes on
penetration of pear leaf cuticle by 1-naphthaleneacetic acid.
Pesticide Science 3(6):705-708.
005017901 Notten, W.R.F.; Henderson, P.T. (1977) The interaction of chemical
compounds with the functional state of the liver: II.
Estimation of changes in D-glucaric acid synthesis as a method
for diagnosing exposure to xenobiotics. International Archives
of Occupational and Environmental Health 38 (3):209-220.
005017902 Notten, W.R.F.; Henderson, P.T. (1977) The interaction of chemical
compounds with the functional state of the liver: I.
Alterations in the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds and
D-glucuronic acid pathway. International Archives of
Occupational and Environmental Health 38(3):197-207.
005012926 Ogata, Y., inventor; Yuki Gosei Kagaku Kenkyusho, assignee (1951)
Alpha naphthyl sakusan no seizoho. Method of manufacturing
1-naphthalene acetic acid.] Japanese patent specification
51-2679. May 26. 2 p.
005017199 Oota, Y. (1969) Frond and flower production in Lemna gibba G 3 in
presence of respiratory inhibitors. Plant and Cell Physiology
10(3):621-633.
005019573 Pemadasa, M.A. (1979) Stomatal responses to two herbicidal auxins.
Journal of Experimental Botany 30 (115):267-274.
005007417 Penner, D.; Ashton, P.M. (1966) Biochemical and metabolic changes
in plants induced by chlorophenoxy herbicides. Pages
39-113, In Residue Reviews. New York: Springer.
GS0023040 Pharmakon Laboratories (1978) Eschericia coli DMA polymerase I
deficient assay on: 1-naphthalene acetic acid, Lot GN-2095
336; PPf OF2277]
GS0023041 Pharmakon Laboratories (1978) Ames Salmonella/microsomal plates
test (with and without metabolic activation) on: 1-naphthalene
acetic acid, Lot GN-2095 [Amchem Products; May 11, 1978; CDL:
099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-336; PPl OF2277]
GS0023039 Pharmakon Laboratories (1978) Yeast ( Saccharotnyces cerevisiae )
Strain D-7 mitotic gene conversion assay on: 1-naphthalene
acetic acid, Lot GN-2095 [Amchem Products; Jul 17, 1978; CDL:
099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-336; PPl OF2277]
-------
GS0023037
GS0023038
GS0023043
GS0023042
005007272
000004960
005015070
005018836
005013428
005015503
005015371
005002768
Pharmakon Laboratories (1978) Yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )
Strain D-7 mitotic crossing over assay on: 1-naphthalene acetic
acid, Lot GN-2095 [Amchem Products; Jul 17, 1978; CDL:
099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-336; PPf OF2277]
•
Pharmakon Laboratories (1978) Yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )
Strain D-7 reverse assay on: 1-naphthalene acetic acid, Lot GN-
2095 [Amchem Products; Jul 17, 1978; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No.
264-336; PP# OF2277]
Pharmakon Laboratories (1979) Dominant lethal study (1-
naphthalenen acetic acid - 16338) [Amchem Products; Feb 28,
1979; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-336; PP# OF2277]
Pharmakon Laboratories (1979) Perform the micronucleus test
according to s.o.p. ph 309 on: 1-naphthalene acetic acid, Lot GN-
2095 [Amchem Products; Jan 30, 1979; CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No.
264-336; PP# OF2277]
Poovaiah, B.W.; Leopold, A.C. (1976) Effects of inorganic solutes
on the binding of auxin. Plant Physiology 58(6):783-785.
Primer, P.E. (1965) Investigations into the Fate of Some 14C La-
beled Growth Regulators of the Phenoxy and Naphthalenic Type in
Apple Tissue. Doctoral dissertation, Cornell Univ., Dept. of
Pomology. (Unpublished study received Dec 4, 1970 under 1E1094;
submitted by Interregional Research Project No. 4, New Bruns-
wick, N.J.; CDL:090854-1)
Proctor, M.H. (1963) Some steps in the degradation of naphthalene
acetic acid. Plant and Soil XVIII(3):338-345.
Raese, J.T. (1977) Induction of cold hardiness in apple tree
shoots with ethephon, NAA, and growth retardants. Journal of
the American Society for Horticultural Science 102(6):789-792.
Rajan, S.S. (1978) 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid.
Crystallographica, Section B 34:998-1000.
Acta
Rakitin, Y.V.; Krylov, A.V. (1959) A study of the translocation,
distribution and transformation of some physiologically active
substances in plants. Pages 68-73, In Proceedings of the 2nd
United Nations International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of
Atomic Energy; Sep 1-13, 1958, Palais des Nations, Geneva,
Switzerland. Vol. 27. New York: United Nations Publications.
Rakitin, Y.V.; Shidlovskaya, I.L. (1958) 0 detoksikatsii
nekotorykh sinteticheskikh veshchestv v rastenii.
Akademii Nauk SSSR. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of
the USSR.] 122(1):142-145.
Randall, R.C. (1970) UV determination of naphthaleneacetic acid in
apples and potatoes. Journal of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists 53(1):149-151.
-------
005015358 Ravazzoni, C. (1951) Azione di sostanze di crescita ed erbicidi
sui sistemi enzimatici del vegetal!. Effects of growth
substances and herbicides on the enzyme systems of vegetables.]
Farmaco. Drugs.] 6:588-591.
005015905 Ravazzoni, C.; Valerio, R.; Scanabissi, A. (1955) Alcune
osservazioni sulla preparazione e sulle caratteristiche
dell'acido 1-naftilacetico. Observations on the preparation
and characteristics of 1-naphthylacetic acid.] Chimica e
1'Industria (Milan). Chemistry and Industry.]
XXXVII(11):857-864.
005014517 Ray, B.; Mustafee, T.P. (1976) Response of rice and wheat to
combination of NAA and zinc sulphate as foliar treatment.
Pesticides X(12):36-38.
005009971 Ray, P.M. (1977) Auxin-binding sites of maize coleoptiles are
localized on membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. Plant
Physiology 59(4):594-599.
005013264 Ray, P.M.; Dohrmann, U.; Hertel, R. (1977) Characterization of
naphthaleneacetic acid binding to receptor sites on cellular
membranes of maize coleoptile tissue. Plant Physiology
59 (3):357-364.
005010075 Ray, P.M.; Dohrmann, U.; Hertel, R. (1977) Specificity of
auxin-binding sites on maize coleoptile membranes as possible
receptor sites for auxin action. Plant Physiology
60 (4): 585-591.
005020380 Read, P.E.; Gavinlertvatana, P. (1977) Production and manipulation
of ethylene in tissue culture. Pages 69-77, In Proceedings of
the 4th Annual Meeting of the Plant Growth Regulator Working
Group; Aug 9-11, Hot Springs, Arkansas. Longmont, Colo.:
Plant Growth Regulator Working Group. (Minnesota Agricultural
Experiment Station scientific journal series paper no. 10019)
005009036 Rehm, S.; El-Masry, R. (1976) The effects of growth regulators and
herbicides on purple nutsedge ( Cyperus rotundus L.). I. The
effect on sprout and root formation of dormant tubers.
Zeitschrift fuer Acker- und Pflanzenbau. Journal of Agronomy
and Crop Science.] 143(2):98-108.
005018937 Riov, J.; Cooper, R.; Gottlieb, H.E. (1979) Metabolism of auxin in
pine tissues: naphthaleneacetic acid conjugation. Physiologia
Plantarum 46(2):133-138.
005020052 Riskallah, M.R.; El-Deeb, W.M.; El-Guindy, M.A. (1979) Esterase
activity in relation to insecticides resistance in the Egyptian
cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Zeitschrift
fuer Angewandte Entomologie 88(1):70-76.
GS0023030 Robbins, A.L.; Nash, D.F.; Comer, S.W. (1977) A monitoring study of
workers in a central Washington orchard. Bulletin of
Environmental Contamination & Toxicology 17(2):233-240.
-------
005013864 Roblinr R.O., Jr.; Hechenbleikner, I., inventors; American
Cyanamid Co., assignee (1942) 1-flaphthaleneacetic acid.
Canadian patent 408,211. Oct 27. 4 p.
005008092 Rock, G.C.; Yeargan, D.R. (1973) Toxicity of apple orchard
herbicides and growth-regulating chemicals to Neoseiulus
fallacis and twospotted spider mite. Journal of Economic
Entomology 66 (6): 1342-1343.
005011542 Rogers, B.L.; Thompson, A.H. (1969) Chemical thinning of apple
trees using concentrate sprays. Journal of the American
Society for Horticultural Science 94(1):23-25.
000002993 Roncadori, R.W.; McCarter, S.M. (1971) Regional Cotton Seed Treat-
ment Test—1971. (Unpublished study received Apr 12, 1972 under
400-80; prepared by Univ. of Georgia, submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:023352-1)
005015086 Ross, M.; Salisbury, F.B. (1962) The effect of herbicides on high
energy phosphate levels. Pages 90-94, In Proceedings of the
Western Weed Control Conference. Salt Lake City, Utah:
Western Weed Control Conference.
000004919 Rows, V.K.; McCollister, D.D.; Spencer, B.C. (1949?) The Acute Oral
Toxicity of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid to Chicks; 1-Naphthalene-
acetic acid, Sodium salt to Guinea Pigs; and 1-Naphthaleneacetic
acid, Methyl ester to Rats. (Unpublished study received Oct 29,
1965 under unknown admin, no.; submitted by Dow Chemical U.S.A.,
Midland, Mich.; CDL:103022-A)
000009447 Rubatzky, V.E.; Sciaroni, R.H. (1970) Chemical Topping of Brussels
Sprouts. (Papers for American Society for Horticultural Sci-
ence—Western Region, Univ. of California—Berkeley, June 21-24,
1970; unpublished study received Oct 3, 1971 under 2F1271; pre-
pared by Univ. of California—Davis, Agricultural Extension Ser-
vice, Dept. of Vegetable Crops, submitted by Uniroyal Chemical,
Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091801-Y)
005014529 Ruge, U. (1978) Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten von Wachstumsregulatoren
in der Landwirtschaft und im Gartenbau. Application
possibilities of growth regulators in agriculture and
horticulture.] Angewandte Botanik 52(1/2):63-69.
005009050 Sacher, J.A. (1959) Studies on auxin-membrane permeability
relations in fruit and leaf tissues. Plant Physiology
34 (4): 365-372.
005008103 Sanders, L.B.; Winefordner, J.D. (1972) Phosphorescence
characteristics of several plant growth hormones. Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry 20(1):166-167.
005007283 Scherr, G.H., inventor; (1966) Anti-microbial potentiatlon with
agents having plant hormone activity. U.S. patent 3,251.738.
May 17. 8 p. Cl. 167-65.
-------
005010628 Schneider, G.W. (1973) Effects of NAA and Sevin on the structure
of apple pedicels. HortScience 8 (5):392-394.
005018034 Schneider, G.W. (1977) Studies on the mechanism of fruit
abscission in apple and peach. Journal of the American Society
for Horticultural Science 102(2):179-181.
005009046 Schneider, G.W.; Lasheen, A.M. (1973) NAA and Sevin on
composition, development, and abscission of apple fruit.
HortScience 8 (2):103-104.
005015354 Schoch, A., inventor; (1946) Verfahren zur Herstellung von
alpha-Naphthylessigsaeure. Process for the production of
alpha-naphthylacetic acid.] Swiss patentschrift 243,100. Nov
16. 2 p.
005014244 Schoenherr, J. (1976) Naphthaleneacetic acid permeability
of Citrus leaf cuticle. Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen
170 (4/5):309-319.
005010026 Schomer, H.; Williams, M.W.; Billingsley, H.D. (1971) Effect of
combinations of growth regulators on maturity and quality of
"Tydeman's Red" apples. HortScience 6 (5):453-455.
005004701 Schomer, H.A., inventor; United States of America as represented
by the Secretary of Agriculture, assignee (1948) Method of
reducing scald development on fruit. U.S. patent 2,450,615.
Oct 5. 2 p. Cl. 99-156.
005019095 Schooley, D.A.; Quistad, G.B. (1979) High-pressure,
high-resolution liquid chromatography and its application to
pesticide analysis and biochemistry. Pages 1-113, ^n Progress
in Drug Metabolism. Vol. 3. Edited by J.W. Bridges and L.F.
Chasseaud. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
005013425 Schumacher, R.; Fankhauser, P.; Stadler, W. (1977)
Fruchtausduennung bei der Sorte Golden Delicious. Fruit
thinning of Golden Delicious apples.] Schweizerische
Zeitshrift fuer Obst- und Weinbau 113 (9):188-192.
005007285 Schwenk, E.; Papa, D., inventors; Schering Corp., assignee (1950)
Alpha-beta-substituted aliphatic acids and their salts and
esters and process for their manufacture. U.S. patent
2,516,153. Jul 25. 6 p. Cl. 260-295.
005007977 Scott, P.C.; Morris, R.O. (1970) Quantitative distribution and
metabolism of auxin herbicides in roots. Plant Physiology
46(5):680-684.
005007976 Scott, P.C.; Norris, L.A. (1970) Separation of effects of auxin
and ethylene in pea roots. Nature 227 (5265):1366-1367.
005019220 Sedgley, M. (1979) Ovule and seed growth in pollinated and
auxin-induced parthenocarpic watermelon fruits. Annals of
Botany (London) 43 (2):135-140.
-------
005012279
005009200 Sen Gupta, P.K.; Das, C.R. (1964) Effect of vitamins, hormones,
and trace elements on growth and sporulation of Stemphylium
sarcinaeforme , causal organism of leaf spot of gram. Plant
Disease Reporter 48(1):37-40.
005007091 Shetiya, R.S.; Rao, K.N.; Shankar, J. (1972) Determination of rate
constants for the reactions of H, OH and e with
indole-3-acetic acid and other plant hormones. Radiation
Effects 14 (3/4):185-189.
005014866 Shiga, N.; Matano, 0.; Goto, S. (1976) l^Naphthaleneacetic acid no
zanryu bunsekiho. Microdetermination of 1-naphthaleneacetic
acid.] Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of Pesticide
Science.] 1(3):231-234.
Shimizu, M.; Kuno, K. (1968) Okishin ni yoru suito no tapeto
ijohidai no yuhatsu, toku ni teion ni yoru sore to no kanren ni
tsuite. Studies on abnormal hypertrophy of tapetum caused by
auxins in rice plants, especially in relation to that caused by
low temperature.] Nippon Sakumotsu Gakkai Kiji. Proceedings
of the Crop Science Society of Japan.] 37 (2):217-223.
005007570 Shindy, W.W.; Jordan, L.S.; Jolliffe, V.A.; Coggins, C.W., Jr.;
Kumamoto, J. (1973) Metabolism of 14C-naphthaleneacetic acid in
kinnow mandarin. Plant Physiology 51:12.
005008090 Shindy, W.W.; Jordan, L.S.; Jolliffe, V.A.; Coggins, C.W., Jr.;
Kumamoto, J. (1973) Metabolism of 14C]naphthalenacetic acid in
Kinnow mandarin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
21 (4):629-631.
005009035 Shindy, W.W.; Lyon, J.L.; Gauer, W.O.; Crosby, D.G.; Addicott,
F.T. (1973) Analysis of abscission responses to
photodecomposition products of 1-naphthalenacetic acid. Plant
and Cell Physiology 14(1):169-176.
005007967 Sigrist, R.; Temperli, A.; Hurter, J. (1974) A fluorometric method
for the determination of residues of 1-naphthaleneacetamide and
1-naphthaleneacetic acid on apples. Journal of Agricultural
and Food Chemistry 22 (4)-.568-570.
005008298 Simard, A. (1971) Initiation of DMA synthesis by kinetin and
experimental factors in tobacco pith tissues in vitro.
Canadian Journal of Botany 49(9):1541-1549.
005011549 Simola, L.K.; Sopanen, T. (1971) Effect of alpha-naphthalene- and
alpha-naphthoxyacetic acid on the activity of certain enzymes
of Atropa belladonna cv. lutea cells in suspension culture.
Physiologia Plantarum 25(1):8-15.
-------
000009955
005007673
005010971
005007674
005008100
005010795
005011567
005010796
005007978
005010174
005014526
005006634
Sims, E.T., Jr.; Gambrell, C.E., Jr. (1965) The Quality and Maturi-
ty of Ranger Peaches as Influenced by Six Plant Growth Regula-
tors Applied as Post-Bloom Sprays in 1965. (Research series
no. 98; unpublished study received Jun 5f 1969 under 9F0813;
prepared by Clemson Univ., South Carolina Agricultural Experi-
ment Station, submitted by Uhiroyal Chemical, Bethany, Conn.;
CDL:091404-S)
Singh, B.D. (1976) Comparison of cytogenetic effects of IAA, NAA &
2,4-D in callus cultures of Haplopappus qracilis (Nutt.) Gray.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 14(86):524-526.
Singh, B.D. (1976) Effects of IAA, NAA, and 2,4-D on cytogenetic
behaviour of Haplopappus gracilis (Nutt.) gray callus cultures.
Caryologia 29(4):447-455.
Singh, B.D.; Singh, R.M.; Singh, R.B.; Singh, Y. (1976) Reduction
in anaphase bridge frequency by 2, 4-D in irradiated and normal
wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) root tips. Indian Journal of
Experimental Biology 14(4):526-527.
Singh, B.D.; Singh, Y.; Singh, R.B.; Singh, V.P.; Singh, R.M.;
Bhatnagar, P.S. (1977) Cytogenetic effects of seed treatment
with IAA, NAA and 2,4-D in barley Hordeum vulgare L. Indian
Journal of Experimental Biology 15(12):1105-1108.
Singh, R. (1972) Studies on the inhibition of watermelon mosaic
virus by some chemicals. Technology 9(2/3):181-183.
Singh, S.; Chugh, D.V.; Singh, K.K. (1965) Seasonal and
interaction effects in marcotting of litchi ( Litchi
chinensis Sonn.) with some plant regulators. Indian Journal
of Agricultural Science 35(2):101-113.
Singh, T.; Singh, B.V.; Panwar, B.S. (1972) Effect of presowing
treatments with phytohormones on the yield of pea ( Pisum
sativum ). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research
6(4):279-284.
Sinha, M.M.; Sinha, S.N. (1968) Effect of naphthalene-alpha-acetic
acid on the germination of jackfruit seeds. Science and
Culture 34 (8):372-373.
Sinha, R.N.; Ram, A. (1970) Effect of plant growth regulators and
nutrient solution on vigour of rice seedlings. Indian Journal
of Science and Industry, Section A 4(1):35-38.
Skvortsov, S.S. (1949) Vliyanie alpha-naphthyluxusnoi kisloty na
photoslntez. Effect of alpha-naphthylacetic acid on
photosynthesis.] Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. Proceedings of
the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.] LXVII(6):1155-1157.
Sly, J.M.A. (1977) Changes in use of pesticides since 1945.
1-6, In Ecological Effects of Pesticides. Edited by F.H.
Perring and K. Mellanby. New York: Academic Press.
Pages
-------
005011331
005008396
005005723
000006987
005013022
005015087
005016153
000009539
005009526
005007284
005007581
Smith, I.K. (1978) Effect of plant growth regulators on
calcium-stimulated serine transport into tobacco cells,
Physiology 62(6):949-953.
Plant
Smith, J.H.C.; Milner, H.W. (1931) A new micro method for the
ebullioscopic determination of molecular weights. Mikrochemie
3:117-122.
Smock, R.M.; Gross, C.R. (1950) Studies on Respiration of Apples.
Ithaca, N.Y.: New York State College of Agriculture, Cornell
University. (Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station
memoir 297)
Smyth, E.P.; Zwick, R. (1967) Report No. Port 67-31. (Unpublished
study received Jul 5, 1968 under 8F0668; submitted by Chipman
Chemical Co.f Inc., Burlingame, Calif.; CDL:092027-BT)
Sookashthan, K.; Subba Rao, M.S. (1969) Effect of growth
regulating substances on juice quality and yield of sugarcane.
Indian Sugar 19(1):29-36,39-40,51.
Southwick, F.W. (1962) Sevin and hormones as thinning agents for
apples. Pages 22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36, In Proceedings of the
Annual Meeting of the Connecticut Pomological Society; 1961.
Lakeside, Conn.: Connecticut Pomological Society.
Southwick, F.W.; Greene, D.W.; Lord, W.J.; Cromack, L.G.; Morin,
R.J. (1973) The effect of Alar treatments on the response of
Mclntosh apple trees to chemical thinning. Pages
103-105, In New England Fruit Meetings, Proceedings of the
Annual Meeting of the Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association.
Vol. 79. North Amherst, Mass.: Massachusetts Fruit Growers'
Association.
Southwick, F.W.; Lord, W.J.; Weeks, W.P. (1966) Pre and Post Har-
vest Response of Apples to N-Dimethyl aminosuccinamic acid (A-
lar). (Unpublished study received Apr 10, 1967 under 7F0552;
prepared by Univ. of Massachusetts, Dept. of Plant and Soil
Sciences, submitted by United States Rubber Co., Naugatuck,
Conn.; CDL:094768-1)
Southwick, F.W.; Weeks, W.D.; Olanyk, G.W. (1964) The effect of
naphthaleneacetic acid type materials and 1-naphthyl
N-methylcarbamate (Sevin) on the fruiting, flowering and
keeping quality of apples. Proceedings of the American Society
for Horticultural Science 84:14-24.
Southwick, P.L., inventor; Food Machinery and Chemical Corp.,
assignee (1953) Method of making naphthaleneacetic acid. U.S.
patent 2,655,531. Oct 13. 2 p. a. 260-515.
Southwick, P.L.; Pursglove, L.A.; Pursglove, B.M.; Walsh, W.L.
(1954) The role of chloroacetylpolyglycolic acids in the
potassium bromide catalyzed conversion of chloroacetic acid and
naphthalene into alpha-naphthylacetic acid. Journal of the
American Chemical Society 76:754-757.
-------
005009756 Spang, H.A. (1969) The effect of plant growth substances on the
hyperchromicity of DMA. Dissertation Abstracts International B
29 (9): 3229.
005011132 Spang, H.A.; Platt, R.S., Jr. (1972) The effect of plant growth
substances on the hyperchromicity of DMA. Physiologia
Plantarum 27:321-326.
005013528 Sparks, W.C. (1965) Effect of storage temperature on storage
losses of Russet Burbank potatoes. American Potato Journal
42 (9):241-246.
005007777 Srivastava, K.C. (1969) Effect of some growth regulators on the
growth of Hendersonula toruloidea Nattrass . Defence Science
Journal 19(1): 73-75.
005009533 Srivastava, R.P.; Singh, L. (1969) Effect of growth substances on
the quality of litchi. Horticultural Science l(2):l-6.
005016239 Staehr, W.G. von; Karzel, K. (1966) Einfluss von Auxinen und
Auxinderivaten auf Lebens- und Vermehrungsfaehigkeit tierischer
Tumorzellen in vitro. Influence of auxins and auxin
derivatives on viability and reproducibility of animal tumor
cells in vitro.] Chimica Therapeutica (7):444-451.
005005399 Stahl, E. (1969) TAS-Verfahren zur schnellen Abtrennung von
Pesticiden und Konservierungsstoffen. The TAS-method for
rapid separation of pesticides and preservatives.] Zeitschrift
fuer Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung. Journal for
Food Analysis and Research.] 140(6):321-329.
000009624 Stahly, E.A.; Piringer, A.A. (1962) Effects of photoperiod, light
quality, and two plant regulators on growth and flowering of
Jonathan apple trees. Proceedings of the American Society for
Horticultural Science 81:12-17. (Also ^n unpublished submission
received Jul 24, 1969 under 264-184; submitted by Union Carbide
Agricultural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:002156-B)
005010400 Stembridge, G.E. (1966) The Effect of Gibberellin,
Naphthaleneacetic Acid, and Defoliation on Fruit Bud
Development, Blooming Date, and Fruit Set in Redskin Peaches.
Clemson, S.C.: South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station.
(South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station research series
no. 84)
005008101 Stenlid, G. (1976) Effects of flavonoids on the polar transport of
auxins. Physiologia Plantarum 38(4):262-266.
005004765 Sternlicht, M. (1971) Effect of various chemicals on the
population of the citrus bud mite, Eriophyes sheldoni Ewing
(Eriophyidae, Acarina). Zeitschrift fuer Angewandte
Entomologie 69 (3):267-278.
-------
005015750
005009047
005009025
005009048
005009049
000004931
000004932
005020199
005011133
005007979
005007778
Stevens, V.L.; Butts, J.S.; Fang, S.C. (1962) Effects of plant
growth regulators and herbicides on metabolism of C14-labeled
acetate in pea root tissues. Plant Physiology 37:215-222.
Stevenson, C.D.; Dodd, B.C. (1962) Effect of "stop-drop" sprays on
the cool-storage behaviour of Queensland grown Delicious
apples. Queensland Journal of Agricultural Science 19:299-303.
Stevenson, C.D.; Dodd, B.C. (1963) Further investigations into the
effect of "stop-drop" sprays on the cool-storage behaviour of
Delicious apples. Queensland Journal of Agricultural Science
20 (3): 369-372.
Stoller, B.B.; West, R.E.; Bailey, J.F. (1956) Controlling the
mildew disease of the cultivated mushroom. Plant Disease
Reporter 40(3):193-199.
Stonier, T. (1959) Naphthalene acetic acid inhibition of
reorganizing tendency in crown gall teratome formation
Stoutemyer, V.T. (1943) The influence of substituted groups in some
plant growth substances on rooting responses of cuttings. Pages
365-368, In Proceedings of the American Society for Horticul-
tural Science; Nov 1943, Geneva, New York. Geneva, N.Y.: The
Society. (Also In unpublished submission received Feb 24, 1960
under 264-130; submitted by Union Carbide Agricultural Products
Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:001903-F)
Stoutemyer, V.T. (19??) A comparison on rooting induced by acid—
and by amide growth substances. Pages 253-258, In Proceedings
of the American Society for Horticultural Science; Sep 1941,
Geneva, New York. Geneva, N.Y.: The Society. (Also ^n unpub-
lished submission received Feb 24, I960 under 264-130; submitted
by Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:
001903-G)
Suzuki, K.; Nagayoshi, H. (1978) Systematic separation and
identification of pesticides classified in the fifth and sixth
divisions by Tic. Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of
Pesticide Science.] 3(4):385-395.
Suzuki, Y.; Kanamori, T. (1969) The effects of auxins, amino
acids, and catechols on the formation of red pigment
in Helianthus tuber slices. Physiologia Plantarum
22 (5):908-914.
Swasey, J.E. (1972) Some of the factors affecting leaf abscission
of greenhouse azaleas during storage. Dissertation Abstracts
International B 32(9):4964.
Synerholm, M.E.; Zimmerman, P.W. (1945) The preparation of some
substituted phenoxy alkyl carboxylic acids and their properties
as growth substances. Contributions from Boyce Thompson
Institute 14(2):91-103.
-------
005020381 Tajima, K.; Shimizu, N. (1977) Effect of membrane stabilizers and
polyhydric alcohols on chilling injury of sorghum seedlings.
Nippon Sakumotsu Gakkai Kiji. Japanese Journal of Crop
Science.] 46 (3):335-342.
005018966 Takayama, S.; Misawa, M. (1979) Differentiation
in Lilium bulbscales grown in vitro. Effect of various
cultural conditions. Physiologia Plantarum 46(2):184-190.
005015366 Takeichi, K. (1961) Hokozoku shibozan no kagaku kozo to kokinsei
(X). Studies on the relation between the antimicrobial action
and chemical structure of aromatic fatty acids (X).] Hakko
Kogaku Zasshi. Journal of Fermentation Technology.] 39:25-30.
005009198 Tarasenko, N.D. (1971) Influence of phytohormones on increasing
the mutagenic effectiveness of EMS and nitrosoguanidine acting
on partially synchronized barley sprouts. Doklady Biological
Sciences. A translation of: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR.
196:52-55.
005012814 Tarasenko, N.D. (1971) Povyshenie mutagennoi effektivnosti EMS i
nitrozognanidina pod vliyaniem fitogormonov pri vozdeistvii na
chastichno sinkhronizirovannye prorostki yachmenya. Influence
of phytohormones on increasing the mutagenic effectiveness of
EMS and nitrosoguanidine acting on partially synchronized
barley sprouts.] Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. Proceedihgs of
the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.] 196 (6):1456-1459.
005011012 Taylor, J.; Dobson, J.W. (1974) Minimum rates of pesticides on
apples. Plant Disease Reporter 58 (3):247-251.
005006551 Templeman, W.G.; Sexton, W.A. (1946) The differential effect of
synthetic plant growth substances and other compounds upon
plant species: I. Seed germination and early growth responses
to alpha-naphthylacetic acid and compounds of the general
formula arylOCH9CCOR. Proceedings of the Royal Society
of London, SeriSs B 133:300-313.
005016015 Thier, H.P. (1974) Analytik der Herbizide. Analysis of
herbicides.] Angewandte Chemie 86 (7):244-251.
000004944 Thompson Chemicals Corporation (1958) Thompson Data Sheet: Agricul-
tural Chemicals: Fruit Fix 800 (for Olives): Chemical Spray
Thinning of Olives. (Unpublished study received Nov 25, 1970
under 1E1099; submitted by Interregional Research Project No. 4,
New Brunswick, N.J.; CDL:090859-D)
005002331 Thomson, W.T. (1965) III. Miscellaneous chemicals: fumigants,
growth regulators, repellents and rodenticides. Pages
1-182, ^n Agricultural chemicals. Davis, CA: Simmons.
005018561 Thornburg, W. (1971) Pesticide residues. Analytical Chemistry
43 (5):145-162.
-------
005007279
005016328
005011333
GS0023028
GS0023025
GS0023027
GS0023026
GS0023024
GS0023029
GS0023023
GS0023049
000004930
Tomlinson, W.R., Jr., inventor; American Cyanamid Co., assignee
(1944) Method of refining a crude 1-naphthylacetic acid. U.S.
patent 2,361,576. Oct 31. 3 p. Cl. 260-515.
Truhaut, R.; Verities, E. (1948) L'acide alpha-naphtylacetique,
phytohormone synthetique, peut-il exercer une action
cancerigene chez 1' animal Can alpha-naphthylacetic acid, a
synthetic phytohormone, have _a cancerigenic action in the
animal ]~ Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises 6:539-1>4~l .
Truhaut, R.; Verities, E. (1949) L'acide alpha-naphtylacetique,
phytohormone synthetique, peut-il exercer une action
cancerigene chez 1 ' animal Can the synthetic phytohormone
alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid exert ja cancerigenic action in
animals 1 Comptes Rend us des Seances de la Societe de Biologie
et de ses Filiales 143:1542-1543.
Truslow Farms (1976) 8 Day dietary LC,-n-bobwhite quail [Project I
113-118; May 5, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL: 099029, EPA
Reg. No. 264-336; PPf OF2277)
Truslow Farms (1976) 8 Day dietary LCen-bobwhite quail [Project I
113-122; May 30, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA
Reg. No. 264-336; PPf OF2277)
Truslow Farms (1976) 8 Day dietary LC5Q -mallard ducks [Project f
113-119; May 5, 1976] (Amchem Products: CDL: 099029, EPA
Reg. No. 264-336; PPf OF2277)
Truslow Farms (1976) 8 Day dietary LC,-n -mallard ducks [Project I
113-123; May 27, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL: 099029, EPA
Reg. No. 264-336; PPf OF2277)
Truslow Farms (1976) Acute oral LD50-bobwhite quail [Project I
113-153; May 30, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL: 099029, EPA Reg.
No. 264-336; PPf OF2277)
Truslow Farms (1976) Acute oral LDcn'bobwhite quail [Project f
113-154; May 30, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL: 099029, EPA Reg.
No. 264-336; PPf OF2277)
Truslow Farms (1976) Acute oral LDcn-mallard ducks [Project f 113-
124; May 27, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL: 099029, EPA Reg. No.
264-336; PPf OF2277)
Truslow Farms (1976) Acute oral LD50-mallard ducks [Project f 113-
155; Mar 6, 1976] (Amchem Products; CDL: 099029, EPA Reg. No.
264-336; PPf OF2277)
Tukey, H.B., ed. (1954) Plant Regulators in Agriculture. New
York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (pp. 47-50 only; also In unpub-
lished submission received Feb 24, 1960 under 264-130; submitted
by Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co., Ambler, Pa.; CDL:
001903-A)
-------
005016014 Turetskaya, R.K. (1957) Izuchenie postupleniya i raspredeleniya
stimulyatorov rosta v cherenkakh rastenii metodom
radioaktivnovo ugleroda. Radiocarbon investigation of the
uptake and distribution of growth regulators
(alpha-naphthylacetic acid) in plant cuttings.] Fiziologiya
Rastenii. Plant Physiology.] 4(1):44-51.
005007274 Turgeon, R.; Wood, H.N.; Braun, A.C. (1976) Studies on the
recovery of crown gall tumor cells. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences 73 (10):3562-3564.
005013356 U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Agriculture (1959) Amendment to
the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (H.R.
6436): Hearings before the Committee on Agriculture. 86th
Congress, 1st Session, May 21.
005016238 Ueda, J.; Nakagawa, S. (1977) Budo no soki rakuyo ni oyobosu
teichodo no eikyo. Effect of low light intensity on early
summer defoliation of grapevines.] Engei Gakkai Zasshi.
46 (2):158-168.
005010797 Ukita, T.; Tamemasa, 0.; Motomatsu, H. (1951) Antibacterial action
of fatty acids. VIII- Syntheses of fatty acids with naphthyl,
naphthomethyl and benzyl groups in alpha-position and their
antibacterial action. Yakugaku Zasshi. Journal of
Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. 71 (4):289-297.
GS0023051 Union Carbide Environmental Services (1979) The acute toxicity of
72- A112 to the bluegill sunfish Lepomis machochirus Rafinesque
CDL:099029, EPA Reg. No. 264-336; PP# OF27771
GS0023022 Union Carbide Environmental Services (1979) The acute toxicity of
72-A112 to rainbow trout Salmo galdneri Richardson [Mar 2, 1979;
USCE Project No. 11506-24-10] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA
Reg. No. 264-336; PP# OF2277)
GS0023050 Union Carbide Environmental Services (1979) The acute toxicity of
72-A112 to the water flea Daphnia magna Stratus [Apr 20, 1979;
USCE Project No. 11506-24-11] (Amchem Products; CDL:099029, EPA
Reg. No. 264-336; PP# OF2277)
005009087 Vaartaja, 0. (1956) Screening fungicides for controlling
damping-off of tree seedlings, Phytopathology 46:387-390.
005013266 Van Hove, C.; Carlier, A. (1968) The influence of 1-naphthylacetic
acid on growth and glycolysis-Krebs cycle pathway as affected
by malonic acid, monoiodoacetic acid and sodium fluoride.
Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenphysiologie 58 (5):395-401.
005019669 Van Loon, L.C. (1979) Effects of auxin on the localization of
tobacco mosaic virus in hypersensitively reacting tobacco.
Physiological Plant Pathology 14(2):213-226.
005007672 Van Overbeek, J.; Blondeau, R.; Home, V. (1951) Trans-cinnamic
acid as an anti-auxin. American Journal of Botany
38 (8): 589-595.
-------
000004948
005009024
005015373
005007972
005009972
005018931
005007880
005008106
005017705
005004390
005015633
Veen, H. (1966) Transport,,immobilization and localization of
Naphthylacetic acid-1- C in Coleus explants. Acta Botanica
Neerlandica 15 (?):419-433. (Also ^n unpublished submission re-
ceived Nov 25, 1970 under 1E1099; submitted by Interregional
Research Project No. 4, New Brunswick, N.J.; CDL:090859-H)
Veen, H. (1966) Transport, immobilization and localization of
naphthylacetic acid-1-14C in Coleus explants. Acta Botanica
Neerlandica 15(2):419-433.
Veen, H. (1972) Transport and metabolism of
alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid and some analogs in stem segments
of Coleus . Pages 69-70, In Hormonal Regulation in Plant
Growth and Development, Proceedings of the Advanced Study
Institute; 1971, Izmir, Turkey. Edited by H. Kaldewey and Y.
Vardar. Weinheim, Germany: Verlag Chemie.
Veen, H. (1974) Specificity of phospholipid binding to indole
acetic acid and other auxins. Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung,
Teil C: Biosciences 29(1/2):39-41.
Veldstra, H. (1945) Researches on plant growth substances. V.
Relation between chemical structure' and physiological activity.
II. Contemplations on place and mechanism of the action of the
growth substances. Enzymologia XI(2):137-163.
Veliath, J.A.; Ferguson, A.C. (1974) Vegetative and reproductive
growth of determinate tomatoes as influenced by applications of
ethephon, DCIB, NAA and SADH at the six-cluster stage.
Canadian Journal of Plant Science 54(4):777-782.
Verma, J.P.; Singh, R.P.; Nayak, M.L. (1975) Laboratory evaluation
of chemicals against Xanthomonas malvacearum , the incitant of
bacterial blight of cotton. Indian Phytopathology
28 (2):171-174.
Verschuuren, H.G.; Kroes, R.; Tonkelaar, E.M. den; Esch, G.J. van;
Helleman, P.W. (1976) Short-term toxicity of 1-naphthap.eneacetic
acid in rats. Toxicology 5(3):371-378.
Vogel, J.; Deshusses, J. (1965) Identification et dosage des
anti-germes (1-naphtylacetate de methyle, IPC, CIPC) dans les
pommes de terre par chrcmatographie en phase gazeuse.
(1-methyl naphthylacetate, IPC, CIPC) in potatoes by gas
chromatography.] Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete der
Lebensmitteluntersuchung und Hygiene 56(1):29-34.
Vyas, L.N.; Garg, R.K. (1974) Reversal of the effect of growth
inhibitors by gibberellic acid and indole acetic acid.
Biochemie and Physiologie der Pflanzen 166 (5/5):549-554.
Wagenknecht, A.C.; Riker, A.J.; Allen, T.C.; Burris, R.H. (1951)
Plant growth substances and the activity of cell-free
respiratory enzymes. American Journal of Botany 38:550-554.
-------
005009062 Waggoner, P.E.; Dimond, A.E. (1957) Altering disease resistance
with ionizing radiation and growth substances. Phytopathology
47 (3):125-130.
005006295 Walters, P.J. (1976) Susceptibility of three Stethprus spp
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to selected chemicals used in
N.S.W. apple orchards. Journal of the Australian Entomological
Society 15:49-52.
005008577 Watkins, D.A.M. (1969) The effect of ultra-violet light on
1-naphthalene-acetic acid. Phytochemistry 8(6):979-983.
005010170 Watkins, D.A.M.; Woodcock, D. (1968) Photochemical decomposition
of 1-naphthalene acetic acid. Chemistry and Industry
44:1522-1523.
005020058 Webster, A.D.; Goldwin, G.K.; Schwabe, W.W.; Dodd, P.B.; Pennell,
D. (1979) Improved setting of sweet cherry cultivars, Prunus
avium L., with hormone mixtures containing NOXA, NAA or
2,4,5-TP. Journal of Horticultural Science 54(l):27-32.
000009446 Welch, N.C. (1969) Report of Planned Work Accomplished: Growth Con-
trol Regulators in Brussels Sprouts: Proj. No. 75. (Unpublished
study received Oct 3, 1972 under 2F1271; prepared by Univ. of
California, Cooperative Extension Service, submitted by Uniroyal
Chemical, Bethany, Conn.; CDL:091801-W)
005014400 Westwood, M.N.; Batjer, L.P. (1958) Factors influencing absorption
of dinitro-ortho-cresol and naphthaleneacetic acid by apple
leaves. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural
Science 72:35-44.
005008066 Westwood, M.N.; Batjer, L.P. (1960) Effects of environment and
chemical additives on absorption of naphthaleneacetic acid by
apple leaves. Proceedings of the American Society for
Horticultural Science 76:16-29.
005007668 Whitney, P.J. (1972) The translocation of herbicide from bean
( Vicia faba ) to broomrape ( Orobanche crenata ). Annals
of Applied Biology 72(2):205-210.
005016883 Wiechec, L.; Hetnarska, K. (1959) Chromatograficzna analiza
technicznego kwasu alpha-naftylooctowego. Chromatographic
analysis of technical alpha-naphthylacetic acid.] Chemia
Analityczna (Warsaw). Analytical Chemistry.] 4:747-752.
005008055 Wiggans, S.C.; Metcalfe, D.S.; Thompson, H.E. (1956) The use of
desiccant sprays in harvesting birdsfoot trefoil for seed.
Agronomy Journal 48(7):281-284.
005012213 Wightman, K.A.; Hewetson, F.N.; Childers, N.F.; Buchanan, D.W.
(1970) Effect of calcium, boron and naphthalene acetamide
sprays on cork spot and mineral content-of York Imperial apple.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
95(1): 23-27.
-------
005008051 Willians, M.W.; Green, D.; Billingsley, H. (1977) Influence of
spray additives on absorption of NAA into apple leaves.
HortScience 12(4):396.
005006106 Wilson, H.J.; Goodman, R.M.; Israel, H.W. (1976) Pinwheel
inclusions in morphogenesis: a possible alternative to
induction by viruses. Archives of Virology 51(4):347-354.
005009254 Wiseman, J.S. (1976) Glasshouse screening of materials for
chemical pruning of young raspberry canes. Pages
289-294, In Proceedings of the 1976 British Crop Protection
Conference: Weeds. Vol. 13. London, England: British Crop
Protection Council.
005012164 Wu, M.T.; Singh, B.; Theurer, J.C.; Olson, L.E.; Salunkhe, O.K.
(1970) Control of sucrose loss in sugarbeet during storage by
chemicals and modified atmosphere and certain associated
physiological changes. Journal of the American Society of
Sugar Beet Technologists 16 (2):117-127.
005008906 Yadava, R.B.R.; Pachauri, V.C.; Rekib, A. (1978) Nutritive value
of Vigna unguiculata L. as influenced by growth regulators.
Geobios 5(2):54-57.
005014980 Yanagishima, N.; Shimoda, C. (1967) Production of yeast variants
by auxin and effects of plant growth regulators on these
variants. Plant and Cell Physiology 8(1):109-119.
005005294 Yip, G. (1969) Report on herbicides and plant growth regulators.
Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists
52(2):272-273.
005005293 Yip, G. (1970) Report on herbicides and plant growth regulators.
Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists
53(2):358-360.
005003776 Yip, G. (1971) Report on herbicides, plant growth regulators, and
fungicides. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists 54(2):327-330.
005013756 Yoshida, K.; Nishizaki, Y. (1976) Sushosuiseidobutsu ni taisuru
noyaku no eikyo. Toxicity of pesticides on some aquatic
animals. Noyaku Kensasho Hokoku. Bulletin of the
Agricultural Chemicals Inspection Station.] (16):65-69.
005007387 Young, H.Y. (1971) Pesticide and growth regulator residues in
pineapple. Pages 81-101, In Residue Reviews. New York:
Springer. (Pineapple Research Institute of Hawaii, Wahiawa,
technical paper no. 331)
-------
000004946 Young, H.Y.; Shimabukuro, S.; Aono, L. (1963) Spectrophotometric
microdetermination of 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid in pineapple.
Agricultural and Food Chemistry 11(2):132-133. (Pineapple
Research Institute of Hawaii, Technical paper no. 284; also In
unpublished submission received Nov 25, 1970 under 1E1099; suB-
mitted by Interregional Research Project No. 4f New Brunswick,
N.J.; CDL:090859-F)
005019836 Younis, M.E.; El-Tigani, S. (1977) Comparative effects of growth
substances on the growth, flowering and fruiting of tomato
plants. Acta Agronomica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
26 (1/2): 89-10 3.
005017432 Zakova, J. (1966) VIiv giberelove kyseliny na intenzitu
fotosyntezy. Effects of gibberellic acid on the rate of
photosynthesis.] Pages 203-212, ^n Sbornik Vysoke Skoly
Zemedelske v Brner Rada A: Spisy Fakulty Agronomicke.
Works of the Faculty of Agronomy.] Vol. 2. Brno,
Czechoslovakia: Vysoke Skoly Zemedelske.
005010848 Zeevaart, J.A.D. (1966) Inhibition of stem growth and flower
formation in Pharbitis nil with N,N-dimethylaminosuccinamic
acid (B 995). Planta 71 (1):68-80.
005007281 Zellner, H., inventor; Danube-Pharmazie G.m.b.H., assignee (1964)
Process of increasing cholepoiesis with nicotinic acid ester of
methyl-p-tolyl carbinol and alpha-naphthyl acetic acid. U.S.
patent 3,126,316. Mar 24. 4 p. Cl. 167-55.
005014810 Zenk, M.H. (1962) Aufnahme und Stoffwechsel von
alpha-Naphthyl-essigsaeure durch Erbsenepicotyle. Uptake and
metabolism of alpha-naphthyleneacetic acid by the epicotyls of
peas.] Planta 58(l):75-94.
005014519 Zenk, M.H. (1967) Untersuchungen zum Phototropismus
der Avena -Koleoptile: I. Photooxydationen in vivo.
Photooxidations in vivo.] Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenphysiologie
56(1): 57-69.
005007691 Zvilichovsky, G.; Fotadar, U. (1974) Facile synthesis of
alpha-substituted malonates. Organic Preparations and
Procedures International 6(1): 5-9.
005014581 Zweig, G., ed.; Sherma, J.,;ed. (1972) Gas Chromatographic
Analysis. New York: Academic Press. (Analytical methods for
pesticides and plant growth regulators, vol. VI)
005008814 Zweig, G.; Archer, T.E.; Raz, D. (1962) Residue determination of
naphthaleneacetic acid and its methyl ester in potatoes by a
combination of gas chromatography and ultraviolet
spectrophotometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
10 (3):199-203.
-------
000004916 Zweig, G.; Gutnick, D.L.; Gulli, R.; Archer, T.E.; Hartmann, H.'
(1962?) Residue Determination of Naphthaleneacetic acid in
Olives. Undated method. (Unpublished study received Jan
1963 under 642-149; prepared by Univ. of California—Dav,a,
Dept. of Pomology, and Agricultural Toxicology and Resid ie
Research Laboratory, submitted by Thompson Chemicals Corp.,
Carson, Calif.; CDL:119788-B)
*OA GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1911 341-082/250
1-S
------- |