&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances
Washington, DC 20460
EPA 560/7-81-015
July 1981
Toxic Substances
Environmental and
Health Aspects of
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
A Comprehensive
Bibliography of Published
Literature
1930 - 1981
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances
Washington, DC 20460
EPA 68-01-6021 Rept A
July 1981
Toxic Substances
Environmental and
Health Aspects of
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
A Comprehensive
Bibliography of Published
Literature
1930- 1981
-------
50272-101
REPORT DOCUMENTATION j.i._REPORT NO.
PAGE EPA 560/7-81-015
3. Recipient's Accession No.
4. Title
i. Environmental and Health Aspects of
1,1,2-Trichloroethane, A Comprehensive Bibliography
of Published Literature 1930-1981
5. Report o*te Prepared
June 1981
7. Author(s)
8. Performing Organization Rept. No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
Tracer Jitco, Inc.
1776 East Jefferson Street
Rockville, Maryland 20852
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
Technical Directive 4
11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No.
«>68-01-5836
(G)
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
13. Type of Report & Period Covered
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances, Management Support Division, 401 M Street SW,
Washington, D.C. 20460
Final Report
1930-1981
14.
IS. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)
This document is a bibliography of published citations on health and
environmental aspects of 1,1,2 Trichloroethane (Chemical Abstacts Service
Registry Number 79-00-5) for the period 1930 to May 1981. The citations
have been selected from a thorough literature search, and broadly class-
ified as having primarily environmental or biological emphasis. The
sources used in the search are identified, and for the portion performed
on line, the search strategies are also included.
17. Document Analysis a. Descriptors
Bibliographies; Literature Surveys; Environments; Public Health; Pollution;
Toxicology.
b. Identlfiers/Open-Ended Terms
Literature Search; Literature Review; Health Effects; Environmental
Effects; 1,1,2 Trichloroethane; 79-00-5
c. COSATI Field/Group
18. Availability Statement
19. Security Class (This Report)
Release unlimited
Unclassified
20. Security Class (This Page)
I Unclassified
21. No. of Pages
22. Price
(See ANSI-239.18)
See Instruction! on Reverse
OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77)
(Formerly NTIS-35)
Department of Commerce
-------
EPA Report No. 560/7-81-015
July 1981
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH
ASPECTS OF 1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE
A Comprehensive Bibliography
of Published Literature
1930 - 1981
by
Management Support Division
Information Support Services Branch
Office of Toxic Substances
Washington, D.C. 20460
68-06-5836
Project Officers
Michael Weaver, Delores Evans
Management Support Division
Office of Toxic Substances
Washington, D.C. 20460
OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20026
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Preface
This bibliography was created from a literature search performed under
the auspices of the Management Support Division, Information Support Services
Branch for the Assessment Division, Chemical Review and Evaluation Branch;
both of the Office of Toxic Substances. The search was intended to provide
partial support for the preparation of a Preliminary Risk Assessment on
1,1,2-trichloroethane (79-00-5). This assessment reviews and evaluates the
available significant economic and adverse effects data from both published
and unpublished sources on a substance selected as being potentially hazardous
to human health or the environment.
The subject coverage of the assessment is broader than this bibliography
which includes only published environmental and biological information. The
bibliography does not include all information available to the review branch.
Although it is not an authoritative source list for Preliminary Risk
Assessments, it does represent a comprehensive and systematic search of the
literature and subsequent selection of citations that pertain to health and
the environment. The limits of the search are fully described in this
document and its appendices.
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Introduction
1. The Search
This bibliography is a compilation of citations retrieved during a
thorough review of the national and international literature on
1,1,2-trichloroethane (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 79-00-5)
cited between 1930 and April 1980.
The supporting search was performed at the request of the Assessment
Division/Chemical Review and Evaluation Branch by the Management Support
Division/Information Support Services Branch, within the Office of Toxic
Substances.
1.1. Scope
To insure that the search was comprehensive, a variety of sources were
examined, including the following:
o On-line databases from major vendors of bibliographic information.
o On-line databases from various agencies of the United States
Government.
o Manually searched national and international indices and abstract
collections of scientific literature.
o Reference sections of major review articles, criteria documents,
monographs, and reports.
o Selected handbooks.
(A complete listing of sources consulted can be found in Appendices I
and II).
The emphasis of this bibliography is on the primary literature except
for the handbook information presented in Section II and a few secondary
sources selected because they contain unique or well-summarized information on
the chemical.
Subsequent to the main search, which was completed in April 1980, and
using the same strategy, update searches were performed during the period from
April 1980 to May 1981 on all the on-line databases initially searched. In
addition, the April 1981 and May 1981 issues of Current Contents (Life
Sciences, Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences series) were
screened to retrieve citations which may not have been entered into the
on-line files at the time of the final update searches.
11
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Because the overall requirement of the search request for this project
was broader than the health and environmental aspects of the chemical, a wider
range of databases was searched than might normally be expected for this
bibliography. However, only health and environmental aspects were selected
regardless of the data source examined. The total complement of databases
searched is listed in the appendices for the user's reference.
1.2. Strategy
The search requirement demanded high recall of information dealing with
1,1,2-trichloroethane; precision was a secondary consideration. EPA decided
to retrieve all citations that contained the term 1,1,2-trichloroethane* or
its synonyms in any searchable fields and to select relevant citations by a
manual screen. The Chemical Abstract Service registry number (CAS RN) and
systematic names and synonyms that could be identified from CHEMLINE (National
Library of Medicine); CHEMDEX (System Development Corporation); CHEMNAME,
CHEMSEARCH, and CHEMSIS (Lockheed Information System); SANSS (NIH/EPA Chemical
Information System); and RTECS (NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical
Substances) were used in the search on databases. For on-line searching, the
names were divided into significant fragments and entered according to the
conventions of the individual databases.
Chemical terms used in this search were as follows:
CAS RN: 79-00-5
ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro- (SCI, 9CI)
ethane, 1,2,2-trichloro-
ethane, Beta-trichloro-
1,1,2-trichloroethane
1,2,2-trichloroethane
trichloride, vinyl
vinyl trichloride
Beta-tri chloroethane
Beta-T
No additional modifiers or keywords were used to limit information
retrieved in any database for this chemical because comprehensive retrieval
was desired. Complete search strategies are listed in Appendix II.
*In some data sources the specific locants (1,1,2) of the respective chlorine
atoms are not searchable. Therefore, the search term trichloroethane may
retrieve citations on the 1,1,1 and 1,1,2 substituted forms of trichloroethane
as well as on non-specific trichloroethane. In each case an attempt has been
made to identify the specific chemical discussed in the original document and
to select only 1,1,2-trichloroethane . If the chemical identity could not be
determined, the citation has been listed despite its questionable relevance in
order to maintain the comprehensiveness of this bibliography.
111
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Use/application categories were not used as search terms because EPA
decided to select only terms that specifically mentioned the chemical or its
synonyms. Indexing policy, keyword entry, and abstracting techniques usually
assure retrieval of specific information on individual chemicals if they are
discussed significantly in general articles or reviews. The user can be
assured, therefore, that each citation listed in this bibliography contains
substantive information on the subject chemical.
Manual sources, indices, and abstract collections usually employ their
own unique indexing schemes for chemical information, so it is difficult to
describe a standard search strategy for these information tools. However, in
all cases, the most specific indexing terms available in the source were used
to identify citations on the subject chemical.
1.3. Selection of Citations
Citations were selected for inclusion in this bibliography based on
their relevance to the following topics:
o Toxicity — Adverse and toxic effects on any biological systems,
structural and functional changes in organs and tissues of all
vertebrate and invertebrate species, test methods used for
determination of toxicity, and bioassay studies.
o Physiology — Absorption, distribution, transport, metabolism, and
elimination in all species; techniques for measurement of tissue and
organ residues; interactions with endogenous substances.
o Epidemiology — Exposure data, morbidity, and mortality rates for
general and occupational populations.
o Environmental Significance — Environmental distribution in air,
soil, and water; sources of pollution; ecological effects on
microorganisms, insects, plants, and wildlife; biodegradation and
bioconcentration; analytical techniques for sampling and measurement
in the environment.
o Safety, Control, and Regulations — Disposal hazards; Federal, local,
and international controls, recommendations, and regulations.
These are the broad specifications for inclusion in this bibliography.
Because any literature selection process involves subjectivity and judgement,
precise definitions are difficult. The general guiding requirement for
inclusion is that citations must pertain to the biological or environmental
aspects of the chemical.
The following information is not included in this bibliography:
news items; brief announcements and Federal Register notices; reports
of on-going research which have not yet been published or any other
unpublished information; draft reports; and private communications.
IV
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2. Organization of Bibliography
This bibliography is organized into three major sections.
2.1. Section Titles
Section I — Handbook information
Section II — Citations" from the primary literature
Section III — Appendices listing specific sources used and exact
search strategies employed
2.2. Citation Format
In Section II citations from on-line and manually searched abstract
collections are arranged alphabetically by author.
Personal names are entered with the last name first followed by the
first two initials. Second and third authors' names are separated from the
first author and each other by a semicolon. Up to three personal names are
used; if there are more than three authors, the remaining are listed as
"et al."
If an author has written more than one article, citations are arranged
in ascending chronological order. If authors and date are identical,
citations are arranged alphabetically by title of the article. Single author
entries are listed first, followed by two, then three author entries.
Patents are arranged alphabetically by assignee name.
All government publications are listed by the sponsoring government
agency. Government or corporate names are written in full form. No acronyms
are used. The country of origin is listed first, followed by the
organizational hierarchy of the sponsoring group listed in descending
hierarchical order. If the performing organization or individual author is
known, they are listed on separate lines below the government sponsor.
Example: NIOSH publication:
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Public
Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health
Tracor Jitco, Inc.
Brown, R.A.; Smith S.S.
Corporate documents with no specific author are listed in alphabetical
order according to the first significant word of the organization name.
e.g., DuPont de Nemours, E.I. and Company
-------
2.3. Literature Cited
The following kinds of literature are cited in this bibliography:
journal articles, government reports, patents, organization and corporate
reports, books, manufacturer's literature, conference proceedings, and
dissertations.
In each case an attempt has been made to supply the user with enough
information so that the hard copy of the document may be easily obtained.
Journal titles are abbreviated according to the style in the Chemical
Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI), The American Chemical Society,
Columbus, OH, 1980 and its corresponding guide, Bibliographic Guide for
Editors and Authors, The American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1974.
All foreign titles have been translated into English. Foreign language
articles are indicated by the appropriate three letter language abbreviation
in parentheses at the end of the source information.
2.4. Categorization of Citations
In order to make this bibliography a more useful tool for separate user
groups, most citations are marked with the category code E or H.
E = Environmental Aspects, i.e., the major content of the document
pertains to the chemical in the open environment: its distribution,
degradation, environmental chemistry and analysis; effect on
ecosystems; effect on flora and fauna, including laboratory research,
when emphasis is on environmental considerations rather than
prediction of human effects, environmental chemistry, and analysis.
H = Health Aspects, i.e., the major content of the document concerns
known health effects, predictive laboratory research, and animal
studies as relates to human health effects, human exposure, and
epidemiological studies.
A decision was made based on the abstract, and in some cases the entire
document, to categorize according to what appeared to be the major purpose of
the study. In a few cases neither category applies. Those citations were
left unclassified.
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HANDBOOK
AND
DATABANK
INFORMATION
-------
3. Handbook and Databank Information
3.1. Summary Databanks for Health Effects Data (Information found)
United States. Department of Health and Human
Services. Public Health Service. Center for Disease yes
Control. National Institute for Occupational "'
Safety and Health
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH, 1980
United States. Department of Health and Human
Services. Public Health Service. National
Institutes of Health. National Library of Medicine yes
Toxicology Data Bank.
Bethesda, MD 1980
-------
3.2. Handbooks Searched for Health Effects
Source
Location of Information
Browning, E.
Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents,
New York: Elsevier Publishing Co., 1963
pp. 258-9
Browning, E.
Toxicity of Industrial Metals.
New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1969
None
Dittmer, D.S., Editor
Handbook of Toxicology, V. - Fungicides.
Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1959
pp. 73-4
Fishbein, L.
Potenial Industrial Carcinogens and Mutagens.
New York: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1979
pp. 222-3
Fishbein, L.; Flamm, W.G.; Falk, H.L.
Chemical Mutagens.
New York: Academic Press, 1970
None
Goodman, L.S.; Oilman, A., Editors
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.
New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975
None
Patty, F.A., Editor
Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology.
New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963
pp. 1290-1
Plunkett, E.R.
Handbook of Industrial Toxicology.
New York: Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., 1976
pp. 417-8
Sax, N.I.
Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979
p. 1044
Searle, C.E., Editor
Chemical Carcinogens.
Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1976
None
-------
3.2. Handbooks Searched for Health Effects (cont'd)
Source
Shepard, T.H.
Catalog of Teratogenic Agents.
Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1976
Location of Information
None
Spector, W.S., Editor
Handbook of Toxicology, V. I. - Acute Toxic ities.
Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1956
p. 350
Spector, W.S., Editor
Handbook of Toxicology, V. II. - Antibiotics.
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1957
None
Spector, W.S., Editor
Handbook of Toxicology, V. III. - Insecticides.
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1959
pp. 773-5
Sunshine, I., Editor
CRC Handbook Series in Analytical Toxicology.
Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc., 1979
pp. 662-3
United Nations. International Agency for Research on
Cancer
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic
Risk of Chemicals to Humans.
Lyon, France: IARC
None
United States. Department of Health and Human
Services. Public Health Service. Center for
Disease Control. National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health
NIOSH Criteria Documents.
Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH
None
United States. Department of Health and Human
Services. Public Health Service. National Institutes
of Health. National Cancer Institute
NCI Carcinogens Bioassay Reports.
Springfield, VA: National Technical Information
Service
Entire document
-------
3.2. Handbooks Searched for Health Effects (cont'd)
Source Location of Information
United States. Department of Health and Human None
Services. Public Health Service. National Institutes
of Health. National Cancer Institute
Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity.
Bethesda, MD: NCI, 1978
United States. Environmental Protection Agency None
EPA Publications Bibliography.
Washington, DC, EPA
-------
3.3. Handbooks Searched for Environmental Effects
Source
Applegate, V.C.; Howe11, J.H.; Hall, A.E.; et al.
Toxicity of 4,346 Chemicals to Larval Lampreys' and
Fishes: Special Scientific Report.
Fisheries No. 207, Washington, DC, 1957
Location of Information
None
McKee, J.E.; Wolf, H.W., Editors
Water Quality Criteria, 2nd Edition.
California State Water Resources Control Board, 1963
p. 288
Ryckman, D.W.; Prabhakara Rao, A.V.S.; Buzzel, J.C.
Behavior of Organic Chemicals in the Aquatic
Environment.
Washington, DC: Manufacturing Chemists' Association,
1966
p. A-153
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Review of the Environmental Fate of Selected Chemicals.
Springfield, VA: National Technical Information
Service, 1977
None
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Review of the Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants.
Springfield, VA: National Technical Information
Service, 1977
Chap. 46,
pp. 1-7
Verschueren, K.
Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977
pp. 605-6
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3.4. Handbooks Searched for Physical and Chemical Properties
Source
Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc.
Aldrich Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals. 1981-2.
Milwaukee, WI: Aldrich Chemical Co., 1980
Location of Information
p. 818
Bennet, H., Editor
Concise Chemical and Technical Dictionary.
New York: ' Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., 1974
p. 1063
Dreisback, R.R.
Physical Properties of Chemical Compounds.
Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1959
p. 203
Grasselli, J.G.; Ritchey, W.M., Editors
CRC Atlas of Spectral Data and Physical Constants
for Organic Compounds.
Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1975
p. 8508
Grayson, M., Editor
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.
New York: Interscience Publishers, 1979
5:731-3
Hawley, G.G.
The Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977
p. 878
Kortum, G.; Vogel, W.
Dissociation Constants of Organic Acids in Aqueous
Solution.
London: Butterworths, 1961
None
Leo, A.; Hansch, C.; Elkins, D.
Chemical Reviews.
Claremont, CA: Department of Chemistry, Pomona
College, 1971
p. 577
Linke, W.F.
Solubilities of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Compounds.
New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Vol. I. 1958, Vol. II. 1965
None
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3.4. Handbooks Searched for Physical and Chemical Properties (cont'd)
Source
Mark, H.F.; Gaylord, N.G.; Bikales, N.M., Editors
Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology.
New York: Interscience Publishers, 1964
Location of Information
None
Perry, R.H.; Chilton, C.H., Editors
Chemical Engineers Handbook.
New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1973
None
Pollock, J.R.; Stevens, R., Editors
Dictionary of Organic Compounds.
London: Eyre and Spottiswoode Publishers, Ltd., 1965
p. 315
Stephen, H.; Stephen, T.; Editors
Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds.
New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963
p. 378
Weast, R.C., Editor
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.
Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1979
p. C-294
Windholz, M., Editor
The Merck Index.
Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1976
p. 1237
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CITATIONS
FROM THE
LITERATURE
-------
Abrams, E.F.; Shaver, R.G.; Guinan, O.K.
Identification of Organic Compounds in Effluents from Industrial
Sources.
Conference: 173rd American Chemical Society National Meeting.
Division of Environmental Chemistry. New Orleans, LA, Mar.
20-5, 1977.
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 17(1):23-6 (1977)
Adema, D.M.M.
E Daphnia magna As a Test Animal in Acute and Chronic Toxicity
Tests.
Hydrobiologia, 59(2):125-34 (1978)
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
H 1,1,2-Trichloroethane.
In: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances
in Workroom Air. 3rd Edition, p. 263. Cincinnati, OH: Am. Conf.
Gov. Ind. Hyg., 1974
American Society for Testing and Materials
E Measurement of Organic Pollutants in Water and Wastewater.
Symposium: American Society for Testing and Materials Committee
D19 on Water. Philadelpha, PA
ASTM Special Technical Publication 686, Edited by Van Hall,
C.E., pp. 59, 89-91, 100, 120 (1978)
Anon.
H Degreasing Can Be Cooler, Cleaner, and Cost Less.
Machinery (N.Y.), 77(1):50-1 (Jan. 1971)
Anon.
H Recommendation of Maximum Permissible Exposure Level (1978).
Sangyo Igaku, 20(5):290-307 (1978) (Jpn)
Anon.
H Safe Use of Solvents - Chlorinated Hydrocarbons.
Health Saf. Work, 1(10):31-3 (Jun. 1979)
Anthony, T.
A Frank Look at Aerosols.
Chemtech, 9(5):292-3 (1979)
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Appleby, A.
H Atmospheric Freons and Halogenated Compounds.
Rutgers University. New Brunswick, NJ
U.S. NTIS, PB-262432 (Nov. 1976)
Baganz, H.; Perkow, W.; Lim, G.T.; et al.
H On the Toxicity of Alkoxylated and Chlorinated Ethanes and
Ethenes.
Arzneim. Forsch., 11:902-5 (1961) (Ger)
Barrett, H.M.; Cunningham, J.G.; Johnston, J.H.
H A Study of the Fate in the Organism of Some Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons. ...
J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol., 21(10):479-90 (1939)
Barsoum, G.S.; Saad, R.
H Relative Toxicity of Certain Chlorine Derivatives of Aliphatic
Series.
Q. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 7:205-14 (1934)
Bauer, U.
Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Drinking and Surface Waters. Results
of the 1976/77 Measurements in the Federal Republic of Germany.
WaBoLu-Ber., (3):64-74 (1978) (Ger)
Berton, A.
Specific Detection of Certain Chlorinated Solvent Vapors with
Galvanic Cells.
C.R. Acad. Sci., Ser. C, 264(16):1372-3 (1967) (Fre)
Betz, V.; Berget, K.H.
Organic Pollutants in Urban Air; Results of a Series of
Analyses with Coupled GC/MS.
Conference: Air Pollution Control Symposium, Lindigoe.
Jun. 17-18, 1975.
Chem. Ing. Tech, 48(l):47-8 (Jan. 1976) (Ger)
Borne, J.
Water Pollution Research at Stevenage.
Conference: Society of the Chemical Industry, Water and
Environmental Group. U.K. Water Research Centre. London,
England, 1974.
Chem. Ind. (London), 1:13-7 (Jan. 4, 1975)
10
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Bridbord, K.; Brubaker, P.E.; Gay, B.. Jr.; et al.
H Exposure to Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Indoor Environment.
Environ. Health Perspect., 11:215-20 (1975)
Brown, R.H.; Brown, A.K.
H Estimation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in Factory
Atmospheres Using a Sampling Device Containing Silica Gel.
Ann. Occup. Hyg., 20(4):365-8 (Dec. 1977)
Burgi, E.
H Skin Permeability with Drugs and Poisons.
Brux. Med., 16:1481-9 (1936)
Capurro, P.U.
H Cancer in a Community Subject to Air Pollution by Solvent Vapors.
Clin. Toxicol., 14(3):285-94 (1979)
Carlson, G.P.
H Effect of Phenobarbital and 3-Methylcholanthrene Pretreatment on
the Hepatotoxicity of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane and
1,1,2-Trichloroethane.
Life Sci., 13(l):67-73 (1973)
Carpenter, C.P.; Smyth, H.F. Jr.; Pozzani, U.C.
H The Assay of Acute Vapor Toxicity, and the Grading and
Interpretation of Results of Ninety-Six Chemical Compounds.
J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol., 31:343-6 (1949)
Charlesworth, F.A.
H Fluorocarbon Propellants in Play Again.
Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 13(3):393-6 (Jun. 1975)
Chiou, C.T.; Peters, L.J.; Freed, V.H.
E A Physical Concept of Soil-Water Equilibria for Nonionic Organic
Compounds.
Science, 206(4420):831-2 (Nov. 16, 1979)
Cicerone, R.J.
A Review of Sources of Stratospheric Gases Containing Chlorine.
Conference: 85th AICHE National Meeting. Philadelphia, PA,
Jun. 4-8, 1978.
11
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Cinti, D.L.
H Agents Activating the Liver Microsomal Mixed Function Oxidase
System.
Pharmacol. Ther., 2(4):727-49 (1978)
Coleman, W.E.; Lingg, R.D.; Melton, R.G.; et al.
The Occurrence of Volatile Organics in Five Drinking Water
Supplies Using Gas Chromatography/Mass SpectrometryT
Conference: 1st Chemical Congress of the North American
Continent, Denton, TX, 1975
Identification and Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Water,
Edited by Keith, L.N., pp. 305-27 (Pub. 1976)
Colombo, G.V.; Putnam, D.F.
E Removal of Contaminant Gases from an Electrolytic Urine
Pretreatment Process.
Am. Soc. Mech. Eng. Pap., 77-ENAS-61, 7pp. (1977)
Cox, P.J.; King, L.J.; Parke, D.V.
H The Binding of Trichlorofluoromethane and Other Haloalkanes to
Cytochrome P-450 under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions.
Xenobiotica, 6(6):363-75 (1976)
De Matteis, F.
H Loss of Microsomal Components in Drug-induced Liver Damage, in
Cholestasis, and after Administration of Chemicals Which
Stimulate Heme Catabolism.
Pharmacol. Ther., 2(4):693-725 (1978)
Dietz, F.; Traud, J.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Low-Molecular-Weight
Chlorohydrocarbons in Water Samples and Sediments.
Vom Wasser, 41:137-55 (1973) (Ger)
Billing, W.L.
Interphase Transfer Process. II. Evaporation Rates of
Chloromethanes, Ethanes, Ethylenes, Propanes, and Propylenes
from Dilute Aqueous Solutions. Comparisons with Theoretical
Predictions.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 11:405-9 (1977)
12
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Divincenzo, G.D.; Krasavage, W.J.
H Serum Ornithine Carbamyl Transferase As a Liver Response Test
for Exposure to Organic Solvents.
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 35(l):21-9 (1974)
Dommer, R.A.; Melcher, R.G.
Phase Equilibrium Method for Determination of Desorption
Efficiencies.
Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 39(3):240-6 (1978)
Dressman, R.C.; Stevens, A.A.; Fair, J.; et al.
E Comparison of Methods for Determination of Trihalomethanes in
Drinking Water.
J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 71(7):392-6 (1979)
Duprat, P.; Delsaut, L.; Gradiski, D.
H Irritant Power of the Principal Aliphatic Chlorinated Solvents on
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Fishbein, L.
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Jensen, S.; Lange, R.; Berge, G.; et al.
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H Chemically Induced Modification of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon
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H Human Exposure to Water Pollutants.
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H Origin, Classification, and Distribution of Chemicals in
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E Effects of Heavy Solvents on Seed Viability of Stylosanthes
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H Absorption of Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Their Excretion in
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Nakajima, T.; Sato, A.
H Enhanced Activity of Liver Drug-metabolizing Enzymes for
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Nelson, G.O.; Harder, C.A.
H Respirator Cartridge Efficiency Studies. V. Effect of Solvent
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E Gas Chromatography of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon in Urban Air.
Hyogo-Ken Kogai Kenkyusho Kenkyu Hokoku, 6:1-6 (1974) (Jpn)
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Analysis of Organic Compounds in Air (1), Analysis of
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E Effect of Tetrachloroethylene and Related Compounds on Some
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H Quantitative Aspects in the Assessment of Liver Injury.
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E Toxic Substances in the Air. Determination Method for
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H The Mutagenic Effect of 1,2-Dichloroethane on Salmonella
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H The Permeability of Laboratory Gloves to Selected Solvents.
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H Structure-Activity Relationship of Some Chlorinated Hydrocarbons.
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H A Vial-Equilibration Method to Evaluate the Drug-metabolizing
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H Diffusion of Halogenated Hydrocarbons through the Skint
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Shinoda, K.; Konno, R.
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Shinoda, K.; Konno, K.
Reaction of Chlorohydrocarbons. II. Chlorine-sensitized
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Shmuter, L.M.
H Effect of Chronic Exposure to Low Concentrations of Chlorinated
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E The Global Budgets and Distributions of Selected Halocarbons,
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E Behavior of Organohalogen Compounds in Drinking Water Treatment.
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Alcohol and Acetone.
Arch. Environ. Health, 28(5):276-8 (1974)
Truffert, L.; Girard WaiIon, C.; Emmerich, E.; et al.
H Early Experimental Demonstration of the Hepatotoxicity of Some
Chlorinated Solvents by the Study of the Synthesis of Hepatic
DNA.
Arch. Mai. Prof. Med. Trav. Secur. Soc., 38(l-2):261-3 (1977)
(Fre)
27
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Tsuruta, H.
H Percutaneous Absorption of Organic Solvents. I. Comparative
Study of the In Vivo Percutaneous Absorption of Chlorinated
Solvents in Mice.
Ind. Health, 13(4):227-36 (1975)
Tsuruta, H.
H Percutaneous Absorption of Organic Solvents. II. A Method for
Measuring the Penetration Rate of Chlorinated Solvents through
Excised Rat Skin.
Ind. Health, 15(3-4):131-40 (1977)
Tyson, C.A.; Mitoma, C.; Kalivoda, J.
H Evaluation of Hepatocytes Isolated by a Nonperfusion Technique
in a Prescreen for Cytotoxicity.
J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 6(1):197-205 (1980)
United Nations. World Health Organization. International Agency
for Research on Cancer
H 1,1,2-Trichloroethane.
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of
Chemicals to Man, 20:533-43 (1979)
United States. Department of Defense. Department of the Navy.
Naval Air Development Center
Lee, H.J.; Curtis, I.H.; Hallow, W.C.
A Pollution Abatement Concept; Reclamation of Naval Air Rework
Facilities Waste Solvent, Phase I.
U.S. NTIS, AD-A055469, 26pp. (Apr. 1978)
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service
Von Oettingen, W.F.
H The Halogenated Aliphatic, Olefinic, Cyclic, Aromatic, and
Aliphatic-Aromatic Hydrocarbons Including the Halogenated
Insecticides, Their Toxicities, and Potential Dangers.
Public Health Service Publication No. 414, pp. 155-6 (1955)
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Organic Solvents in Air.
Physical and Chemical Branch, NIOSH (Jul. 15, 1974)
28
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United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NIOSH Analytical Method 1,1,2-Trichloroethane.
NIOSH, Rockville, MD, 9 pp. (Oct. 1975)
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
Gunter, B.J.
H Health Hazard Evaluation Determination Report No. 77-86-439,
Martin & Shaft Company, Idaho Springs, Colorado.
NIOSH, Hazard Evaluation Services Branch, Cincinnati, OH, Report
No. 77-86-439, 5 pp. (Oct. 1977)
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
H National Occupational Hazard Survey. Vol. III. Survey Analyses
and Supplement Tables.
NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH, pp. 11, 586-88 (1977)
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. 2nd Ed. Part II. Standards
Completion Program Validated Methods, Vol. 2, Method #5134.
NIOSH, Washington, DC, No. 77-157-B, pp. S134-1-9 (1977)
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
H Chloroethanes; Review of Toxicity.
NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin, (27):89-lll (Aug. 21, 1978)
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Food and Drug Administration
H New Drugs. Trichloroethane Status As a New Drug in Aerosolized
Drug Products Intended for Inhalation.
Fed. Regist., 42(242):63386-7 (Dec. 16, 1977)
29
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United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. National Institutes of Health. National
Cancer Institute
H Bioassay of 1,1,2-Trichloroethane for Possible Carcinogenicity.
U.S. NTIS, PB-283337, 96 pp. (1978)
United States. Department of Labor. Occupational Safety and
Health Administration. Office of Standards
H Ethylene Bichloride, Methylchloroform, Tetrachloroethylene,
1,1,2-Trichloroethane, Set J (Part 2).
U.S. NTIS, PB-267223, 52 pp. (Oct. 7, 1975)
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Wastler, T.A.; Offutt, C.K.; Fitzsitmons, O.K.; et al.
E Disposal of Organochlorine Wastes by Incineration at Sea.
U.S. NTIS, PB-253979 (Jul. 1975)
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
H Preliminary Assessment of Suspected Carcinogens in Drinking
Water.
Office of Toxic Substances. EPA Report No. 56014-75-003, 33 pp.
(1975)
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
MacDonald, L.D.; Skinner, D.J.; Hopton, F.J.; et al.
E Burning Waste Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in a Cement Kiln.
Environmental Protection Service Report, Montreal, Canada. EPS
4-WP-77-2 (1977)
U.S. NTIS, PB-280118, 221 pp. (Jan. 1978)
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Proposed Regulations for Control of Organic Chemical
Contaminants in Drinking Water.
Fed. Regist., 43(130):29135-50 (Jul. 6, 1978)
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Dobbs, R.A.; Cohen, J.M.
H Carbon Isotherms for Toxic Organics.
Office of Research and Development. EPA Report No.
600/8-80-023, 331 pp. (1980)
30
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency
E Water Treatment Process Modifications for Trihalomethane Control
and Organic Substances in the Ohio River.
Office of Research Development. EPA Report No. 600/2-80-028,
307 pp. (1980)
United States. National Academy of Sciences. Safe Drinking
Water Committee
H Drinking Water and Health.
NAS Publication, pp. 775-7 (1977)
Vandemark, J.S.; Sharvelle, E.G.
H Prevention of Postharvest Decay of Stone Fruits by Volatile
Chemicals.
Science, 115:149-50 (1952)
Van Dyke, R.A.
H Dechlorination Mechanisms of Chlorinated Olefins.
Environ. Health Perspect., 21:121-4 (1977)
Van Dyke, R.A.; Gandolfi, A.J.
H Characteristics of a Microsomal Dechlorination System.
Mol. Pharmacol., 11(6):809-17 (1975)
Van Dyke, R.A.; Rikans, L.E.
H Effect of Volatile Anesthetics on Aniline Hydroxylase and
Aminopyrine Demethylase.
Biochem. Pharmacol., 19(4):1501-2 (1970)
Van Dyke, R.A.; Wineman, C.G.
H Enzymatic Dechlorination. Dechlorination of Chloroethanes and
Propanes In Vitro.
Biochem. Pharmacol., 20:463-70 (1971)
Von Muehlendahl, K.E.; Krienke, E.G.
H Poisoning in Childhood. VIII. Dangers of Over-Treatment in
Intoxication in Children.
Padiatr. Prax., 22(4):607-11 (1980) (Ger)
Von Oettingen, W.F.
H The Halogenated Hydrocarbons; Their Toxicity and Potential
Dangers.
J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol., 19(8):349-448 (Oct. 1937)
31
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Wahlberg, J.E.
H Percutaneous Toxicity of Solvents. A Comparative Investigation
in the Guinea Pig with Benzene, Toluene, and
1,1,2-Trichloroethane.
Ann. Occup. Hyg., 19(2):115-9 (1976)
Wahlberg, J.E.; Boman, A.
H Comparative Percutaneous Toxicity of Ten Industrial Solvents in
the Guinea Pig.
Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 5(4):345-51 (1979)
Walter, C.W.; Errera, D.W.
H Ether Substitute for Efficient Skin Defatting.
Hosp. Topics, 48:68 (Dec. 1970)
Watrous, W.M.; Plaa, G.L.
H Effect of Halogenated Hydrocarbons on Organic Ion Accumulation
by Renal Cortical Slices of Rats and Mice.
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 22(4):528-43 (1972)
Watrous, W.M.; Plaa, G.L.
H Nephrotoxicity of Single and Multiple Doses of Aliphatic
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Solvents in Male Mice.
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 23(4):640-9 (1972)
Weisburger, E.K.
H Carcinogenicity Studies on Halogenated Hydrocarbons.
Environ. Health Perspect., 21:7-16 (1977)
Wright, W.H.; Schaffer, J.M.
H Critical Anthelmintic Tests of Chlorinated Alkyl Hydrocarbons
and a Correlation between the Anthelmintic Efficacy, Chemical
Structures, and Physical Properties.
Am. J. Hyg., 16:328-428 (1932)
Yllner, S.
H Metabolism of l,2-Dichloroethane-14-C in the Mouse.
Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 30(3-4):257-65 (1971)
Yllner, S.
H Metabolism of l,l,2-Trichloroethane-l,2-14-C in the Mouse.
Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 30(3-4):248-56 (1971)
32
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Young, D.R.
Priority Pollutants in Municipal Wastewaters.
South. Calif. Coastal Water Res. Proj. Annu. Rep., pp. 103-12
(1978)
Zoeteman, B.C.J.; Harmsen, R.; Linders, J.B.H.J.; et al.
Persistent Organic Pollutants in River Water and Groundwater of
the Netherlands.
Chemosphere, 9(4):231-49 (1980)
33
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APPENDICES
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Appendix I
Abstract Collections Manually Searched
Source Period of Coverage
Chemical Abstracts* (1930-1976)
Biological Abstracts* (1930-1970)
Excerpta Medica*
Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, (1965-1974)
Toxicology
Cancer (1953-1974)
Public Health, Social Medicine, Hygiene (1955-1974)
Clinical Biochemistry (1969-1974)
Pharmacology and Toxicology (1969-1974)
Occupational Health (1972-1975)
Current Contents
Life Sciences (Oct. 1979-Mar. 1980)
(Apr. 1981-May 1981)
Physical Sciences (Oct. 1979-Mar. 1980)
(Apr. 1981-May 1981)
Agriculture (Oct. 1979-Mar. 1980)
(Apr. 1981-May 1981)
Industrial Hygiene Digest (1943-1979)
Index Medicus* (1930-1976)
Toxicology Research Projects Directory (Oct. 1979-Mar. 1980)
*Recent issues searched on-line.
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Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched
National Library of Medicine (MEDLARS)
File Coverage Period of File
+ indicates that the database is continually updated.
Chemline N/A
Toxline 1974+
Toxback 1965-1973
Cancerlit Jan. 1963+
Cancerproj 1976-1978
Medline Jan. 1977+
Back 66 Jan. 1966-Dec. 1968
Back 69 Jan. 1969-Dec. 1971
Back 72 Jan. 1972-Dec. 1974
Back 75 Jan. 1975-Dec. 1976
SDILINE Present Month's Update
Toxicology Data Bank N/A
RTECS 1978 Edition
Search Strategy
TOO?) 79-00-5
(TW) tri and chloro and ethane
(TW) trichloro and ethane
(TW) trichloroethane:
(TW) ethane and beta and trichloro
(TW) trichloride and vinyl
(TW) trichloroethane and beta
(TW) Beta and T
(MH) trichloroethanes (post 1977)
All search statements were combined with the logical operator "or" before
printout.
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Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)
Department of Energy (RECON)
File , Coverage Period of File..
+ indicates that the database is continually updated.
Water Resources Abstracts 1968+
Environmental Mutagen Information Center 1969+
Environmental Teratogen Information Center 1975+
Search Strategy
IT= 1,1,2-trichloroethane
IT= trichloroethane
RN= 79-00-5
Chemical Information System*
Structure and Nomenclature Search System (SANSS)
(RN) 79-00-5
*Searched to obtain synonyms only
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NIOSHTIC 1973+
+ indicates that the database is continually updated.
Search Strategy
trichloroethane
1,1,2-trichloroethane
79-00-5
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Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)
Lockheed Information Systems (DIALOG)
File
Coverage Period of File
+ indicates that the database is continually updated
Agricola
Air Pollution Technical Information Center
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
Biosis Previews
Chemical Abstracts Search
Commonwealth Agriculture Bureaux Abstracts
Chemical Industry Notes
Chemname
Claims/Chem
Comprehensive Dissertation Abstracts
Conference Papers Index
Current Research Information System
EIS Industrial Plants
Enviroline
Environmental Periodicals Bibliography
Excerpta Medica
Food Science & Technology Abstracts
GPO Monthly Catalog
National Technical Information Service
Oceanic Abstracts
Pollution Abstracts
PTS Funk and Scott Indexes
PTS Federal Index
PTS Promt
PTS Annual Time Series
PTS US Statistical Abstracts
Rubber & Plastics Research Association Abstracts
SciSearch
Smithsonian Science Information Exchange
Current Research Information System
Compendex
Inspec
Metadex
Pira
Claims/U.S. Patent
Claims/U.S. Patent
Claims/Class
Aug. 1971+
1976-Sep. 1978
Jan. 1975+
1969+
1970+
Jan. 1973+
1974+
N/A
1950-1970
1861+
1973+
Jul. 1974+
N/A
1971+
1973+
Jun. 1974+
1969+
Jul. 1973+
1964+
1964+
1970+
1972+
Oct. 1976+
1972+
Jul. 1971+
Jul. 1971+
1972+
Jan. 1974+
Most Recent 2 Yrs.
Jul. 1974+
1970+
1969+
1966+
1975+
Abstracts Weekly
1971+
Oct. 1975+
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Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)
Lockheed Information Systems (DIALOG)
Search Strategy
beta(W)T
beta(W)trichloroethane
beta(W) tri{W)chloroethane
beta(W)tri(W)chloro(W)ethane
1(W)1(W)2(W)trichloroethane
beta(W) trichloro(W)ethane
l(W)l(W)2(W)tri(W)chloro(W)ethane
1(W)1(W)2(W)trichloroethane
l(W)l(W)2(W)tri(W)chloroethane
tri(W)chloroethane
trichloro(W)ethane
Search Stragety
l(W)l(W)2(W)tri(W)chloro(W)ethane
l(W)l(W)2(W)trichloro(W)ethane
1(W)2(W)2(W)trichloroethane
l(W)2(W)2(W)tri(W)chloroethane
l(W)2(W)2(W)tri(W)chloro(W)ethane
l(W)2(W)2(W)trichloro(W)ethane
vinyl trichloride
vinyl(W)trichloride
trichloroethane
tri(W)chloro(W)ethane
RN 79-00-5 used in appropriate files
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Database
Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)
Systems Development Corporation (ORBIT)
Coverage Period of File
+ indicates that the database is continually updated.
Apilit 1974+
Apipat 1964+
Chemdex 1972+
Crecord 1976+
Fedreg Mar. 1977+
Libcon 1968+
Paperchem 1968+
P/E News 1975
Safety Science Jun. 1975+
Titus 1970+
World Patent Index 1963+
Search Strategy
(RN)79-00-5 (in appropriate files)
tri and chloro and ethane
trichloro and ethane
trichloroethane:
ethane and beta and trichloro
trichloride and vinyl
trichloroethane and beta
beta and t
All search statements were combined with the logical operator "or" before
printout.
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