United States Office of Pesticides aid EPA-560/13-80-020
Environmental Protection Toxic Substances July 1980
Agency Washington, DC 20460
Pesticides and Toxic Substances
<&EPA Cadmium and Lead
Levels in Human Blood
and Kidney
A Literature Search
-------
This report is available from the National Technical Information
Service, US Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, Virginia 22161.
-------
EPA 560/13-80-020
June 1980
CADMIUM AND LEAD LEVELS IN HUMAN BLOOD AND KIDNEY
A LITERATURE SEARCH
Compiled by
M. Virginia Cone, Margaret F. Baldauf,
Fay M. Martin, and John T. Ensminger
Health and Environmental Studies Program
Information Center Complex/Information Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
EPA/DOE IAG 78-D-X0383
Cindy Stroup, EPA Project Officer
Design and Development Branch
Survey and Analysis Division
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Washington, DC 20460
-------
11
DISCLAIMER
This report was prepared under contract to an agency of
the United States Government. Neither the United States
Government nor any of their employees, contractors,
subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty,
express or implied, nor assumes any legal liability or
responsibility for any third party's use or the results of
such use of any information, apparatus, product, or process
disclosed in this report, nor represents that its use by such
third party would not infringe privately-owned rights.
Publication of the data in this document does not signify
that the contents necessarily reflect the joint or separate
views and policies of each sponsoring agency. Mention of
trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
-------
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION V
BACKGROUND ON THE DATA BASE 1
USER'S GUIDE 2
ABBREVIATIONS FOR ANALYTICAL METHODS 3
DATA TABLE 5
REFERENCES FOR DATA TABLE 61
-------
INTRODUCTION
This computerized literature search for data on cadmium
and lead in human blood and kidney was accomplished for
participants in the World Health Organization's Biological
Monitoring Project. These data were collected from a
comprehensive human body-burden data base being developed
under the direction of the Environmental Protection Agency and
the National Cancer Institute.
This limited search is provided to aid in the current
planning stages of the World Health Organization's
international program during which school teachers in a number
of major cities around the world will be examined for cadmium
and lead levels in their blood. In addition, kidney cortex
tissues will be analyzed for cadmium levels. These autopsy
specimens will be collected from cases of sudden deaths not
related to kidney disease.
-------
BACKGROUND ON THE DATA BASE
A comprehensive human body-burden data base has been
established through the US Environmental Protection
Agency/National Cancer Institute Collaborative Program. The
objective of this effort is to provide a centralized source of
information on chemicals that have been identified in human
biological media. Body-burden data are needed by the US
government and domestic and foreign scientists involved in
human health research.
Approximately 85 journals are routinely searched for
body-burden articles. Retrospective searching to 1974 has
yielded over 2,000 pertinent documents of which over 800 have
been entered into the data base. Over 500 chemicals were
identified in human biological media from those sources.
The data base is published annually in tabular format
with four indices for specific searching. The first
publication, "Chemicals Identified in Human Biological
Media: A Data Base," is available.• A limited number of
computerized searches are available in cases when the
published version does not allow for retrieval of needed
information or when special needs exist. It should be
emphasized that the purpose of the data base is to provide a
centralized resource for body-burden data and in no way is
intended to obviate the need for the user to ultimately refer
to the original literature or data sources. No screening or
evaluation of the data is conducted.
The comprehensive data base has been established under
the aegis of the Interagency Collaborative Group on
Environmental Carcinogenesis (ICGEC), National Cancer
Institute. The work is being done under the direction of EPA
by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Health and
Environmental Studies Program, through interagency agreements
involving the National Cancer Institute, the Environmental
Protection Agency, and the Department of Energy.
To obtain additional information about the comprehensive
data base and copies of the first annual report, write to:
Cindy Stroup, EPA Project Officer
Design and Development Branch
Survey and Analysis Division (TS-793)
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street SW
Washington, DC 20460
Telephone (202) 755-8294
-------
USER'S GUIDE
The emphasis to date on inputting recent literature and
significant research documents has resulted in a chronological
mix of articles from 1974 to the present in the data base.
Approximately one-third of the collected articles have been
input as of this search. It is anticipated that by the time
of the second annual report publication in October 1980, two-
thirds of the collected documents will be in the data base.
When body-burden articles are identified, data are
extracted and entered in the data base by chemical and
tissue/body fluid. Each data entry comprises a single record
(or line entry) and is assigned a record number. If a
particular document deals with more than one chemical and/or
tissue, there will be multiple records for that document. For
example, a study of 5 chemicals in each of 3 tissues would
have 15 different records (or 15 line entries) in the data
base with 15 different record numbers. Record numbers are
assigned consecutively to records through the entire data base
and appear for each record in the upper left corner of the
tissue column.
Information in the next five columns, EXPOSURE ROUTE,
ANALYTICAL METHOD, NUMBER OF CASES, RANGE, and MEAN, is
provided when available in the source document. All means are
arithmetic unless designated geometric. When only graphically
displayed data are available, estimates are calculated by the
data extractor and so indicated in the table under GENERAL
INFORMATION.
In the column headed GENERAL INFORMATION, a variety of
information may be included such as that pertinent to the
range and mean as well as experimental design, demography,
health effects, pathology, morphology, toxicity, source, half-
life, and use. Keywords (in uppercase letters) are provided
for further insight into important aspects of the source
documents. The use of a different chemical or tissue as a
keyword indicates that studies on that chemical or tissue were
also reported in the same document. In general, all
supporting information deemed important for understanding the
data presented will appear in this column.
Review articles are included in the data base; however,
no data have been extracted from such documents since the
original research articles are included. Review articles are
designated in the GENERAL INFORMATION column by the word
"Review."
-------
ABBREVIATIONS FOR ANALYTICAL METHODS
AAS Atomic absorption spectrometry
APDC-MIBK Ammonium pyrrolidine diethiocarbamate-
methylisobutyl ketone extraction
ASV Anodic stripping voltammetry
CC Column chromatography
ES Emission spectrometry
MS Mass spectrometry
NA Neutron activation
-------
DATA TABLE
CadalOa
7««0-»3-9
Cd
»t» 112. »0, RP 321 C, BP 765 C. It 1 BB 89 at 390 C, 10 IB Hcj at 186 C
TISSDB
192
Blood
193
Blood
199
— — •
EXPO SORB ROUTE
Inhalation
Inhalation
Ingestlon
k RkLTTICkl.
BETHOD
kkS
BOBBER
OP CkSKS
195»
a) 331
b) 332
cl 109
d) 109
a| 501
b| SOI
c) 072
d| 072
el 29
f) 29
BkBGE
1-30 og/dl
a) 0.01-0.97 ag/lOO al
b) 0.01-1.03 og/100 Bl
c) 0.02-0.61 og/100 al
d) 0.01-0. 88 og/100 si
a) 0.01-1.01 09/100 Bl
b) 0.01-1.03 09/100 al
c) 0.01-0.97 09/100 il
d) 0.01-1.03 og/100 il
e) 0. OH- 1.01 ag/100 al
f) 0.01-0.07 09/100 si
t
(BEIT
BE 111
S.O ag/dl
a) 0. 12 09/100 al
b) 0.10 09/100 Bl
c) 0.20 og/100 si
d) 0.07 09/100 al
a) 0. 1* ug/100 il
b) 0. 1 ug/100 Bl
c) 0. m ag/100 il
d| 0.09 ug/100 si
e) 0.29 aq/100 Bl
{) 0.21 ag/100 Bl
PkGE)
GEIEBAL ISPOBSkTIOI
levels not significantly related to
race, area of residence, educational
attainment or SBoking hatits. kuthor
consent: no coaplete trace seta!
exposure data for stated areas of
residence.
Military recruits fron Chicago and
adjacent areas in Illnois and Indiana
Inducted between June 2° and July 1°,
1969.
BLOOD; CkOBIOB; COPPER; LEkD; IMC;
iinkLS; kOB; S10KIRG; TOCtCCOS;
DIETS; ILIIROIS: TVDIklk; RkCIkt
STDOIES
a) Nonsaokers, Bothers
b) newborn of nonssokers
c) Saokers, Bothers
d) «ewborn of saokers
Saaoles froa 333 nanssoking and 10°
sinking European wosen and their
newborn. The voBen 11 »ea In or near
Brussels, Tonrnai, leaven (Loavaln) ,
and kntverp, Belgian representing
rural, urban, and industrial areas.
cigarette siokp
fllOOD: TRFkHTS; SIOKINl!; LEiD;
1EBCUBT; CkOBIDl; HSTkLS; CkBBOX
INOPGkllC C03POOHDS; COPPkRkTIV!!
EVktOkTIOBS: RDPkL k"E»S; ORBkV
kBFkS; TIDOSTRIkL kftfkS; BE1GTDH;
ElkCHlTk; OIBILICkL COS?
i) >ll voien
b) Ml newborn
c) 'oropean woaen
d) European newborn
e) nfro-ksian voien, aged in-oo yr.
loan 26 yr
f| kfro-ksian newborn
sasples taken at delivery fro*
Bothers bv veni puncture and froa
neohorn at the osbillcal cord. Th»
woii>n lived in areas of Belgius
(knt»*rp, Brussels, Lonvain. Toornai
iml Titvoorde) with various degrees
of industrialization and
'irbaniration.
«t-inn; kDOLTS; IRFkRTS; trkO;
"•PrtlBT: CkOBIOl; CkBSOV IIOBGkli;
COn?30«
•
OI
-------
Cadaiua
7440-43-9
ca
AtB 112.40, HP 321 C, BP 76S C, TP 1 mm Hg at 390 C, 10 mm Rg at 486 C
(COHTIHDED)
TISSUE
195
Blood
196
Blood
197
Blood
19H
Blood
199
Blood
I IPO SORE BODTE
_
Ingestlon
Inhalation
ARALYTICAL
RETROD
AAS
AST
A°DC-HIBK
MS
APDC-aiBK
AAS
US
ROBBEB
DP CASK
_ .
216
a) 47
b) 90
4
369
a) 22
b) 20
RARGE
a) Hot given
b) Hot given
c) Hot given
d) Rot given
e) Hot given
f) Rot given
a) <0. 1-9. 6 ug/100 ml
b) 0.07-3.72 ag/100 al
*
Rot given
0.0-2. B ug/100 al
a) 0.4-4.0 ng/g
b) 0.5-4.3 ng/g
(IBIT
REAN
a) O.S ug/100 al
b) 0.7 ag/100 si
c| O.S ag/100 al
d) 0.4 ag/100 si
e) 0.9 ug/100 si
f) 0.8 ug/100 ml
a) 1.71 ag/100 el
b) O.S7 ag/100 al
0.3 ag/100 si
0.3 ag/100 ml
a) 1.8 ng/g
b) 1.5 ng/g
PAGE)
GFRERU IHFOSRATIOH
a) Pollcesen on foot patrol
b) Office workers in downtowr. Houston
(control for (a))
c) Garage attendants
d) irderlies and custodians (control
for (bll
e) resales living xlthln 2 blocks of
freeway
C| resales living away fros freeway
(control for (e) )
Six groups, each of 26 Individuals,
in the setropolitan area of Houston,
Tt, policesen on foot patrol, office
attendants, orderlies and custodians.
fesales living within two blocks of a
freevay, and fesales living atrav fros
) Yanosaeo population
100 blood donors, m-sa yr old, fros
Ann irbor, aicfcigan. 137 Tanoaaso
Indians fros Venezuela.
BLOOD; OBIME; HUP; VEHSZOBLA;
NER?a*T; CADHIQR; 1»AD; COPPZB;
.1ETALS; 1ICHIGA*
n tono: UBI»S; HAIR-, CAD.IIOH;
IRTESD1EHT; KIDHETS: LIVER; BETALS
Children, 1-8 he in Revark. HJ.
p»lit
CADHIDR; LEAD; ZIIC; BETALS; BLOOD;
CBIIDBEI-, PAIHTS; POPOLATIOR
EXPOSOBE; OBBAI AREAS; HER JERSEY
a) Preope rational values
b) postoperational values
Preoperatioaal values should be
regarded as better indicators of
long-ten average values.
Saaples (roe routine gallbladder
oeprations of 23 volunteers as
follovs: 19 woien, 31-66 vr (aean of
47 rc and 4 sen, 26-66 yr (lean of 32
yrl.
CADHIOH; SETALS; BLOOD; LIVES; BILE
PSFHEHCr
Johnson, D. F:.
Tlllcry, J.3.
E re»OR t , R. J.
1 9'Tf>
Recker, l.'l.
Allen, H.S.
Dinaan, B.D.
Heel, J.V.
1974
Ollucci, P. A.
Rvang, J. Y.
19"'4
Bogden, J.D.
Singh, H.P.
Joselon, H. a.
1974
Blinder, C-C.
Kjellstroa, T.
Lind, B.
Bolander. fl.-L.
silander. T.
1978
o>
-------
Cadalua
7««0~«3-9
ca
»t» 112.«0, HP 321 C. BP 765 C. It 1 •• Bg at 39« C. 10 » 89 at 186 C
(CORTIROED)
TISSOE
200
Blood
201
Blood
202
Blood
--
EZPOSDBE BO DTE
Inhalation
Ingestion
Ingeation
Inhalation
aRALTTICaL
RETROD
US
us
us
ROBBEB
OF CaSBS
a) «0
b) 29
cl 45
a) 2
b| 2
c| IT
•-
BaRGE
a) 0.02-0.11 ag/100 al
b) 0.01-0.27 ag/100 si
c) 0.01-0.21 ag/100 al
a) 1.5-5 ng/g
b) 0.8-65 ng/g
c) 3-60 ng/g
t
a) 0.3 - ».8 ag/100 el
b) Rot given
/
(HKT
REUR
a) 0.11 ag/100 al
b) 0.06 ag/100 al
c) 0.07 ag/100 al
a) Rot given
b) Rot given
c) Rot given
a) 1.60 ag/100 al
b) 1.56 ag/100 el
PICK)
GEREBftL IRFOBIUTIOR
a) <1 ka froa Pb saelter
b) 2.5 ka froa Pb saelter
c) Rural area (Controls)
Saaples froa children, aged 10-11 yr.
living and going to school at various
distances fros a Pb saelter in
leuven, Belgian. Ro reaarkable
socioeconoaic differences vere fonnd
tetveen the groups, "olio*- op study
18 months after pollution control
aeasures vere iapleaented.
Ill children appeared in good health.
Scissions froa Pb saelter
LHD; cioniaa; nsrus; SRELTEBS.-
CHUMP"; BLOOD; OR IS!!; ERSIRES;
IHDOSTRI4L EBISSIORS; COHPHRWITB
EVUOITTORS; BE1GTDN; »tB POLLUTION
a) OB fore cd exposure
b) »ft«ir rd exposure
c) Ifter 1 yr exposure
Half-life calculated froa data for 1">
•orkers. Data fore other Cd studies
also used to derive and test aodel.
Saaples froa 17 nevly eaployed
(orders in a cd battery factory
(Sveden) . starting a >euk before
first exposure, staples vere
collected at veekly to aonthly
intervals for iboat a year. *actory
air vas aonLtored.
77 day*
Dust In cd battery factory
CaDRIUfl: *P.I»I.S; HOOD; 0/UNE;
RBT«OLTS!I; RIDRETS; T.IVP!!; DOS?;
HD1STSHI POttOTTO!!: SinKIIG;
3TOACCOiat»TIOS; SVSDP.R
«) controls
b) lutoiiorkers
•atovorkers vith high blood fb
levels.
-------
Cadaioa
7MO- » 3- 9
Ul I12.a0. IIP 321 C. BP 165 C. TP 1 •« HI at 39» c, 10 •• Hg at »86 C
(C01TIBOED1
TISSDK
203
Blood
20*
Blood
205
Blood
EXPOSURE BOOT!
mmiTTicAt
SETHOD
MS
us
MS
ROBBER
Of CtSR
25
16
a) 8
b) 11
c) 12
dl 13
•1 13
f| 12
g» 12
h| 8
MICE
0.05-0. 58 ag/g vet »t
0.2-2.4 ng/100
-------
cadaina
7MO-W-9
cd
ktv 112. «0, HP 321 C, BP 765 C. TP 1 •• Bg at 39* C, 10 •• Rg at «8G C
(COBTXIOBD)
TISSUE
206
Blood
Blood
BIPOS0BB BODTB
Ingestion
Inhalation
klUYTXCiL
HETBOD
US
BUBBBB
OP CiSBS
a) 31
b) 31
c) 27
d| 22
a) 22
a| 213
b) 216
d 39
B1IGB
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given
•I lot given
a) 1-6 ng/g
b) 1-6 ng/g
c) 1-6 ng/g
1.99 ag/100 al
0.97 ug/100 al
3.0 ag/100 al
2.6 ag/100 al
0.7 ag/100 al
a) 1.5 ng/g
b) 5.6 ng/g
c) 1.5 ng/g
GBIEUL TIFOBB1TXOI
a| Voaen occupational! y exposed (aean
tlaa 1.08 yc) to 31 ug/ca a (total)
and l.a ag/ca a (respirable) cd daat
b) Controls (•oaan)
c| Ban occupationally arpoaad (Baan
tiaa 8.6 ycl to 13« ag/ca a (total)
and a aazlaaa 86 ug/cn a (resplnble)
doat
d) San oecnpationally exposed (aaan
tiaa 27.8 yr) to 66 ag/ca a (total)
and 21 ag/ca a (raspicabl*) cd daat
a) Contcola (a«n)
Vockara at an alactronic vockahop,
storage battery factory, and Cd
producing plant. The aean ages «ar*
30. S yr(a). 38.6 yr(c) and 51.5 yr
(d) . 10% or aore ware aaokera.
Vorkers nith >20 yr exposure had
significant redactions in several
palaonary ventilatory fanctions and
sigaificart levels of kidney daaage
(6B< shoved excessive proteinaria) .
•orkers »lth <20 yr exposure had no
significant changes in palaonary
fanctions, bat soae ahoved evidence
of kidney daaage.
float in Korkplace
nrms; CUDITOI; IIDOSTRIXL
POLLnrro*; BLOOD; ORTIB
a) Japan, 20-55 yr old
h) U.S., 11-^3 yc old, sacking hud no
effect
c) Sweden, adult*, htqher levels in
saokers
tecausa of differences in analytical
techniques no quantitative
coeparlRons can be aade between the 1
countries.
SuMocts in Japan and O.S., DO
occupational exposure to cd. Swedish
sublecti ne« oaployees of Cd battery
factory.
Food
Tobacco
aedian
j CAD1T01; FOOD
; SIOKTRG; «?E; SRX:
K EViLOtTIOIS; LIVV!!;
PMCREIS: iRinr; BLOOD;
FBCHS; .I»P»«: nUITRO ST»TBS; TBIUS;
BBFBBBICB
Lauverys, R.R.
Bochet, J.P.
Eoela, H.I.
Broovers, J.
Staaescu, D.
197«
(D
Kjellstroa. r.
1970
(
-------
Cadelua
7«»0-«3-9
cd
ttH 112.«0, BP 321 C. BP 765 C, »P 1 •• Hg at 39« C. 10 11 Hg at 186 C
(CORTIRUED)
TISSUE
19*9
BLOOd
196*
Blood
Blood
EIPOSDRE SOOTE
Dersal
Inhalation
ARALTTICAL
BETHOD
US
ROH9EB
OP CIS IS
1
a) 26
b) 19
cl 17
d) 5«
• | 37
f) 17
91 3»
h| 38
1) 7
jl <>
1
BARGE
a) Rot applicable
b) Rot applicable
c) 7.9-8.1 09/100 9
d) 5.0-17. 1 ug/100 9
•) 3.2-10.9 ug/100 g
f) 3.3-7.1 ng/100 g
a) 1.30-4.27 ppb
b) 0.96-S.79 ppb
c) 0.2-2.1 ppb
d) 0.3-3.5 ppb
•) 0.2-1.8 ppb
f) 0.3-1.6 ppb
g) 0.2-1.5 ppb
h) 0.2-1.5 ppb
1) 0.1-1.8 ppb
J) 0.5-3.5 ppb
Rot given
. _ . . .
HEAR
a) 5.9 ug/100 g
b) 5.6 ug/100 g
c) °.0 ng/100 g
d) 11.05 ug/100 g
•I 8. 3 ug/100 g
fl S.22 ug/100 g
a) 2.36 ppb
b| 2. 16 ppb
c) 0.9 ppb
d) 0.8 ppb
•1 0.8 ppb
Cl 0.68 ppb
g) 0.62 ppb
h) 0.66 ppb
i) 0.65 ppb
jl 1. 17 ppb
7.3 ug/100 al
CIIEflL HFICIUTIOI
al 1«72
b) 1973
C) 1»7M
d| 1971
e) 1976
f) 1977
tic letnls about 0.2 eg/cu • "i dust.
0.1 «g/ca * Cd fuse, 0.2 ag/cn a
Se02, 1.0 eg/cu a H2SOI and c.O ag/ca
a HOI fuio.
«9-yr-old chealcal plant worker (froa
1966 to 1«75) exposed prlaacllr to
CdS and selenide dust, soae soluble
Cd coa pounds. Patient treated (or P1-
poisoning In IIKI.
Lassltide. Insoanla. lightheadedness.
headache, easel* aches, joint pain.
pacesthesla in fingers, iepotence/
signlficart Height loss.
lild li»er <>nlarg*eent nith possible
cirrhotlc pattern and calcified
granaloaa on left long.
irrALS: rinniUH; LEAD: SEL»IIIOI:
ZTRC; BLOOD; OBIRE; KIORfTS; NET«L
POISORIRG; OCCOPATT011L RXZABDS;
A DOLTS
a) 0-3 TC old hospital patients
b) 4-6 yr old hospital patients
cl Residents < 1 ks fro* sseltec. age
2-3 it
d) Besidents 1-2 ka froa spelter, age
2-3 yt
o) Besidents > 2 ks froa seelter. age
2-3 yr
f) Age 2-3 yr, blood Pb < 100 ppb
g) Igr 2-3 jc. blood Pb 101-150 ppb
h| Age 2-3 yr, blood Pb 151-200 ppb
i) 250 ppb
Dutch subjects aged 2 so or older.
HETALS; CADSKH; COPPB*; IBOI; LEAD;
HARGARISB: ZIRC; 9LOOD; BLOOD SEBOil;
SHOKIIG; OPAL CORTBACEPTITBS;
IRDOSTBI3S; SHELTERS; ADOLTS;
CalLDBEl; SKI; RBTRBBLARDS
Patient eaployed at pigment factory
in Australia 11 yr. Bad history of
heavy sank ing and drinking.
Increasing dyspnea on exertion.
cough, and purulent spataa, acute
bronchitis, protelnuria and raised
plasma creatinine and urea levels.
Cadeiue carbonate dost in a pigaent
factory
1ETALS; C1DRIOR; BLOOD; OCCOPATIORAL
BIZABDS; HBTAL POISORIRG; AOSTBALIA;
CASE HISTOBIBS
SEFEBEKCF
Lerner, S.
Bong, r.o.
BoTian, B.C.
1979
lielhuis, P.L.
del Castilho, ?.
Berber, P.r.l.
Vibovo, A.l.f.
1978
Meerkin, 1.
Clarke. R.
Oliphant, R.
1976
(REIT PAGE)
-------
Cadaina
7«0-»3-9
C4
• tl 112. «0, RP 321 C, BP 765 C. If 1 •• Bg at 39* C, 10 aa Bg at 086 C
(COITIIOED)
TISSHI
2556
Blood
277 «
Blood
28»«
Blood
HPOSOBE BOOTH
Inhalation
Inhalation
Ing* at Ion
Ingest ion
r aMlTTIClL
HETBOD
US
(IS
IDRBBB
or cisBS
a) 90
b| 90
c| 25
11
a) 169
b) 168
B1ICE
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
,
a) lot applicable
b) 9-11 ug/100 il
c) 13.3 * or - 0.38 to
U.5 t or - 0.52 ag/100
• 1
d) 10.1 » or - 0.90 to
22.2 » oc - 1.95 ag/100
•1
e) 8.9 » or - O.U9 to
18.8 • or - 1.21 ag/100
al
Banges of leans * or - SE
foe c| . d) , e)
/
a) 0.015-0.323 ag/100 al
b) 0.021-0.330 ag/100 il
(StBtT
HBIB
a) 0.6 ag/100 al
b) 2.5 ag/100 il
c| 2.6 ag/100 al
a) 0 ag/100 el
b) 10.0 ug/100 •!
e) 13.9 ag/100 il
d) 14.2 ag/100 •!
e) 13.7 ug/100 >1
al 0.0903 ag/100 al
b) 0. 1075 ag/100 al
PH-5E)
GBIEBUt IBrOBBlTIOH
a) Controls
b) lean exposure tiae 7.5 yc
c\ llean exposure tiae 27.5 yr
lorkers in cadslaa-aaing and
cadaiaa-prodacing factories, Belglas
Cough, lipalrsent of respiratory
(unction, and proteinuria of aixed
tubular/gloaernlar type. Kidney sore
sensitive than lung.
Benal changes (tubular and gloaeralar
dysfunction) found saialy in vorkers
having higher than 1 eg Cd/100 al
blood and 10 «g cd/g creatinlne in
urine.
RIOOO; C»DIII01; IIDOSTBTIL
PLAITS; OCCDPATIOIIL B»IiPDS;
BSTKLS; OBIIf
i) t now enplorees, start of study
b) 1 no* employees, day 120 after
start of study, values estisated froa
graphs
c) 2, eaployad 23 «k at start of
study, observed next 11-12 «k
d| 2, ««ployed 75 and 76 wk at start
of study, observed next 1° clgarf>tt»a/4ay.
1 «ork»rs »lth. longest duration of
exposure ahomd siqns of kidney
disturbances.
Industrial ateospher*
?OISO«Il«a;
BlOflO; OITIS; OCCaCatTOMI. HKkBDS;
1THOSPUEBK; IfDDSISHt
CO*PMi»Tt?B «V»tO\TJ01S;
!.
Stanescn, D.
1979
Laaverys, r.
Poels, H.
Regnlers, i.
Buehet, J.P.
Bernard, ».
Gorrt, *.
Kowal, I.E.
Johnsoc, D. S.
Kraeser, 0. F.
Pahren. H.r.
1979
-------
Cadaias
7MO-I3-9
Cd
»tw 112.«0. IIP 321 C. BP 765 r, vp 1 .. Hg at 399 c, 10 •• Hg at «86 C
(COMTIMOBD)
TISS08
2975
Blood
207
Blood,
serue
208
Blood.
• hole
209
Blood,
• hole
EXPOSURE BOOTE
Ingestion
Inhalation
*
KHYTICU
1ETHOD
_
MS
MS
MS
MS
MDRBEB
OF CISSS
a) 83
b) 123
37
35
Controls
•IS"1, 259
Controls
RtMGE
a) Mot given
b) Mot given
at Not given
b) Mot given
a) Mot given
b) Mot given
ct Mot given
d) Mot given
e) Mot given
f) Mot given
a) Mot given
b) Mot given
c) Mot given
(MBIT
a) 0.091 « or - 0.11S
ag/g
b) 0.076 » or - 0.10"
ua/g
a) 0.0017 ag/al
b) 0.0022 ag/al
a) 2.38 ag/100 al
b) 2.02 ag/100 nl
cl a. 33 ag/100 •!
d) 3.70 ag/100 ml
B) 6. 5« ag/100 ml
f) 6. US ag/100 al
a) 0.21 ag/100 al
b) 0.30 ag/100 si
c) 0.20 ag/100 si
P»GB)
cpRpm nw..»Tin»
at Internal
t) Fetal
Dry vt basis
Saaples froa « hospitals in
Mashvllle, TM.
I*LAC^*T%' NE^LS* TR^T? SLBSFHTS;
TEMMESSEE; BLOOD; R»IR ; CO!IPki)tTTVF
BTM.OHTT01S; JPRCORT: LE1D; CODHTOH;
SELFII'JV B09IDI01; IROJ; IIIT;
COB»LT
, .._ .,. . .
at 10 al saaple
h) 100 il saeple
7.IX-; 1PT»LS: BLOOD SBB1H;
(irrnoDS; COPPER; cionion
at Control, saokers
b) control, non-ssokers
c) Chronic renal failare.
pre-dialysls, seokers
d) Chronic renal failare.
pre-dialysis, non-ssokers
e) chronic renal failare.
post-dialysis, ssokers
(I Chronic renal failure.
post-dialysis, non-saokers
no correlation betveen Cd
concentrations and renal disorders or
tone diseases.
Hospital patients (ssokers and
non-ssokerst with chronic c<-nal
failare.
cioiio*; BLOOD; OPXMC: KIDMEIS;
DISUSES; BOME DISB1SES; RET1LS;
OMITED FTMGOOH
at Lead saelter towns
b) tine sselter toons
c) Controls
Saaples froa children living in 19
tons «ith prlaary non-farroos
saelters. Control gronp of saae ages
in three cosaunities vithoat
sselters.
Reports froa Industry of cad sins
nearopathy coald not be related to
loner-level exposures described in
this survey.
Stack eaissions
usERic; LE»D; ciDmoa; HUB; BRIME;
BLOOD; RRTTHROCinSi SRELIEBS;
COPPER; EIIC; CHILDBSM; POFQUTIOR
RXPOSOBC: HBTtLS; UP POLLOTIOM;
• HBR POLIO HOM; RBI SBXICO:
RISSOORI; 1BIKJM1; aORARt;
TBMMESSEE; MEViDI; BICBIGtM;
ORUBORt; TBIiS; PERMSTLT1MI1
•EPBRE-ICR
Baglan, R.J.
Bril, I.e.
Schnlpr'., '-
Hilton, D.
Larsen/ K.
Dyer, S.
Fans^ur, (1.
Schaffnec. u.
Hoffaan, L.
Davies, J.
1070
Falchat, >.->.
rvenson, f.
Vallef, n.L.
19711
silllen, E.T.
Hync, P.F.B.
197«
Baker, E. L. , Jr.
flayes, C.G.
Landrlgan, P.J.
Handke, J.L.
Leger, B. T.
Bousenorth, V.J.
Parrlngton, J.R.
1977
ro
-------
cadaiua
7MO-»3-9
C4
at" 112.»0, HP 321 C, BP 765 C, VP 1 •• Bg at 39* C. 10 •• 89 at «86 C
(COITXIOBD)
TISSDE
210
Blood.
•hole
211
Blood,
Dhole
.
212
Blood,
whole
1723
Blood.
whole
~—
BXPOSOIB BOOTB
Ingestlon
Inhalation
AIALYTICIL
BETBOD
US
APDC-RIBK
US
us
IOHBBB
or CASES
a) 125
b| 105
c| 35
d) 90
e| 26
f) 79
31
60
7 saokers,
8
non-stoker
s
BAIGE
a) <0. 01-1. 77 ng/100 al
b) <0.0«-0.69 og/100 al
c) 0.06-0.62 ng/100 al
d) <0.0«-1.77 ng/100 al
a) <0. 04-0. 69 ng/100
f| <0.0»-0.02 ag/100 al
<9-133 naol/1
7-62 ng/g
a| 7.3-67.2 ug/1
bl n. 0-62. 6 ng/1
c) «.9-10.5 ug/1
d| U.3-13.2 ug/1
/
— - -j;E]^
1EAI
a) 0. 1« ng/100 al
b) 0.12 uj/100 al
c) Hot given
d) lot giren
e| lot given
fl lot given
lot given
26 ng/g (lelian)
„
al 2i.7 ng/1
bl 16.0 ng/1
c) 7. o ng/1
d| 6.4 ng/1
PAGE)
GIIBBAL TBTORBATIOII
a) Persons living 2 ka fcoa aaelter
b) Contcols
el Seekers living 2 kn Ccoa aaelter
d| lon-saokers living 2 ka ftoa
eeeltec
e| Saokecs. control area
f) ion-seekers, control area
Saaplas Croa residents of Denver.
Colorado, age rang* 1-82 yr, 3 IX
•kite, 18< black, «2<
Kexlcan-taecican, 6.7 aean
residential years in area, one case
of possible occupational exposure.
Do indication of heaatopoietlc or
renal dysfunction.
Stack ealssions
CID1I01: POPOLKTIOI EXPaSQRE; !IETlLS;
rOLia»00; SKItLTBBS; IIS POU.OTIOI;
TOBICCOS; SHOKIIG; BLOOD; DRIVE
Besldents near sine nine. High value
froa indastrial exposure, next
highest value is 59 naol/1.
Residents of Shiphas, Sosersrt , "here
soil Cd das high. 11 feaales. aged
21 to 9-> yc. 17 aales, aged IS to 79
If-
Tncreas«4 prevalence of hypertenaion
and other stigaata of cardiovascular
dlsoaao. evidence of rvnal tubular
daaigo.
C»D^n«; tllC; tE«D; BRTHLS; 1THTIC-, .
BLOOD; I1ITTSO KIIQDO!): flPTHt.
poisoiiio; POOD comimrro"
Japanese voaen living in a
contaainated area.
Tontavlnated food and nater
IB^MS: CltDHIOK; JAP»»; BLOOD; OPT«r
a) Seokirs, before vacation, average
vorklnq tiae 1 Tt
b) SIO^ACB, after 1 so vacation,
avenge nocking tiee S yr
c) won-s*ok*ra, before vacation,
averagfl working tlae i yr
d)
-------
Cadslus
TS»0-«3-9
Cd
Ati 112.10, HP 321 C, 8P 765 C, TP 1 as Hg at 39* C, 10 ss Bg at 186 C
(COITII1EO)
TISSDB
1436
Blood,
• hole
2S36
Blood.
whole
232
Kidney
EXPOSORB ROOTE
,
Inhalation
Ingestion
Dersal
Inhalation
AIALYTICAL
BETBOD
AAS
AAS
CC
AAS
BOBBER
Of CASES
35
69
al 1>
b| S
cl 21
RAIGE
a) 0. 15-1. 3 ug/100 al
b) 0. 19-0.24 ug/100 el
.
lot given
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
dt lot given
e) lot given
f) lot given
MEAN
al 0.93 ug/100 si
b) 0.38 ug/100 al
0.36 ug/dl
a) 15.20 ag/g dry vt
b) 219 ug/g dry wt
c) 83 ug/g dry wt
d) 95 ag/g dry wt
e) 117 ug/g dry >t
f) 49 ag/g dry wt
GKIEBAL IiroftlATIOl
t) Exposed workers, range for 9
subjects
b) Onexposed workers, range (or 2
subjects
levels correlated with length of
esploysent.
workers, exposed and unexposed, in a
handaade-jewelrv plant.
Dyspnea, chest pain, dysnria.
dizziness. Irritability, headache.
fatigue, nasal congestion, dry south.
polytrla, anossia, eye irritation.
Cadaiaa oxide fuses generated froa
heating cadslna-containing brazing
alloy.
1FMLS; CADBIOH; OCC1PATIOIAL
BAZASDS; BKALTB BAZA?DS: BETAL
POISOHl?; PLOOD; OSHS; HUE; IEV
imico
Lead saelter workers esployed at
least 1 yr
Lead saelter workers, aean age 12. 1
yr, aean esploysent 11.3 yr.
Controls, sean age »9.7 yr, scan
esploysent 4.a yr. All froa southern
CA.
1ETII.S: LEAD; AttSElIC; CADXIOT;
BLOOD; ADOLTS; OCCUPATION Al HAZARDS;
COMPARATIVE FVALOATIORS; ClLITOPni\
a) Low setallothloneln in cortex
b) nigh aetallothlonein in cortex
c) Reference group * no
setallothionein in cortex
d) Low setallothionein in sedalla
e) High setallothionein in sedalla
f) Reference group - no
setallothionein in sedalla
The absence of setallothionein
contained with a low body burden of
cadsius seesed to be associated with
longevity.
Ipproxlaately half of the group had
died of cardiovascular disease. In
group b) « or 5 were ssokers and
eventually died froa cardiovascular
disease.
CADNIVB; BBTALS; KIDKEYS; LIVfB;
POPOLATIOI BXPOSORE; HSTALLOPROTEIIS;
«IC; SBOKIIG; CABDIOVASCOLAB
DISEASES; IOR«AT
5Err?RHCE
Baker, K.L.
Peterson, v.k.
Roltt, J. L.
Coleaan, C.
Landrigan, P.J.
197?
Spivvy, ;.h.
arown, C.P.
Baloh, 3.W.
Caapion. D. S.
Valentine, J.I.
Nassey, r.J.
Brov4y, 3.L.
culver, B.D.
1979
Syversen, T.L.T.
1975
(IEZT PACE)
-------
ca.dxdi»
7MO-»3-9
ca
ItV 112.10, HP 321 c, at 765 C, TP 1 •• Rg at 39* C. 10 •• Hg at 186 c
(COITZIOBD)
TISSUE
233
Kidney
231
Kidney
235
Kidney
236
Kidney
EXPOSURE BOOTH
Ingestion
Inhalation
us
INU.TTICIL
flETHOD
5
s
s
9C-RIBK
s
RORBBB
or c»sss
a| 267
b) 9
50
3 laaples
(9
dstersinat
ion«l
1
HUGE
a) 1-152 09/9 net «t
b) 5-156 ag/g eat lit
602.56-5350.51 pps
2.1-167 ppl
a) lot applicable
b) lot applicable
/
HE»1
a) lot giT*n
b) lot given
- - -
15«6. 82 ppa
72.6 pp«
a) 53 ppa vet tit
b) 35 ppa net «t
GEIEH1L IIPORRaTIOl
a) lov-Cd exposure
b) Righ-Cd exposare
Values »re for renal cortex
Data supports preal»e of eqniaolar
increases In Zn nith Increased Cd in
kidneys if Cd Is <60 ig/g net vt
288 kidney cortex sasples, 289 liver
sasples, and 285 pancreas sasples
fron 292 antopai.es perforsed in
Stock hoi a, Sveden. The Stockhola
area is a lo»-Cd exposure area so
additional liver and kidney cortex
sasples nere obtainedfron aatopslea
on 6 sen and 3 vonen vho had lived
near or iiorked in Cd-eeitting plants.
ZIIC; C»OnTOB; BIOkCCDROLtTIOl;
SfBDBI; COnPaRKTirr ETaLtUTKns;
tITEB; IIDIBTS: PUCBBIS; BSTILS
f lives given are expressed as ash
(flight. Correlations between
kidney-liver Cd levels »ere strongest
and hair-lung levels matest.
kntopsies of SO subjects In •>« York
city between the ages of 11 to 40
years.
lost sibjects Here accident or
hoaiclde vlctiss. lany suffered froa
narcotise, cancer, and cardiovascular
disxases.
0*01101; nrrnis; »OTOPSI»S; WM TOBK;
KM1FTS: tTVEP; WIGS; RMR;
BTOICCanDliTIOl
Flaseless tuohnlqve
Reterogonons dlstribatloa o' rd in
the organ.
lutopsy saaples
BLOOD; 'JiTKB; HUP; fUD^'UI;
TITFJO'FIT; KIDIBTS; LITEB; RETM.S
a) Penal cortex
it) 3enal eelnll*
7a-year-ol<1 vosan «lth Itai-itai
disoaso. In the Icbi Fiver basin.
Severe pain throughout *kole body
oeforaltles of lover extresities
LTfFR; KIPIBTS; PUCBSHS; LHKS;
losriFS: SKI*; rmcHE*; sio.ura;
IHtBOin ILtlDS: SPLBEI; tDREUl
GUVDS; »PII»; 3IBS; SPIRaL COBD:
T'H7""m*; I»T»STI»ES; SSOPBUGOS;
CUDnlUI; ITIC; RETkLS; OISBISES;
usiic; :\st tiisto'iK: AUTOPSIES
REFEKBICE
Blinder, C-G.
Plscator, R.
Linnaan, L.
1977
olera. D.G.
1976
ailacci, P.t.
Rvang, J.t.
1»7«
•ogava, K.
Ishizakl, t.
Fnkaahiaa, R.
1<»7S
(NCIT P»GE)
O1
-------
cadelai
7MO-a3-9
Cd
At» 112.»0. IIP 321 C. BP 76S C. »P 1 •• Hg at 3»« C. 10 •• Hg at 186 C
(COITIIOED)
TISSUE
237
Kidney
236
Kidney
239
Kidney
2*0
Kidney
EIPOSO?E ROUTE
Ingest Ion
AIALTTICAL
BBTBOD
AAS
.
AAS
US
its
ROBBER
or CASES
a) 7
bl 7
C| 10
d| 9
•1 17
f| -"O
a) 33
b) »2
a) 222
b) 122
30
BAIGE
a) Mot given
b) lot given
C) lot given
d) lot given
•1 lot given
fl lot given
a) 2.7-B5. 1 ug/g dcf vt
b) 11.6-221 ug/g dry vt
a) lot given
b) lot given
10-9» ag/g vat «t
(IBXT
REII
a) 0.05 ppi » t »t
b) 13.33 ppi «t «t
c) 21. «0 ppi at vt
d) 30.09 ppi it vt
•) 11.58 ppi et vt
f) 11.92 ppi it vt
a) 1S.1 ug/g dcr vt
b) 57.1 ug/g dry vt
Gioietcic liana
•1 29.1 ug/g
b| 31.3 ug/g
17 ag/g ««t vt
P10K)
GU'RIL IIFOPlVTIOl
iO '1-1 lopth
b) ?-5 Tc
c) 2S-I1 jc
d| 55-ss ye
o) olack* - both
yc vho died in 197« and 1975.
CkDIIOl; COPPES; ZIIC; flETlLS; TRACE
ElllRITSi KIDJETS; PQpnLtTIOl
EIPOSOBE: S BEDEW
al lales
t) fllalli
Biological half-tins (BUT) obtained
by observation of accasnlation fros
0-°0 r*acs and calculation by a
•athesatical lodel.
tutopsy saiples fen Tokyo accident
victiis vlth no knovn occupational
expoaace.
17 vr
cionini; fMciRT; LEf); amis:
IOTOPSIES; BIOICCDTOHTIOI; tGB; S»I;
rooos; j»Pi«
Saiples fcoi 30 cadavers to central
Japna. nan age of 39 yeacs, extent
of heavy ictal exposure unknovn.
1ETILS; tBSEHC; BIBntlOB; BTSROTH;
CIDIIDS; CHSOSIO-; COBALT; COPPER;
BIBCORT; BBTRIl BEBCDBI COHPCOIDS;
BtlGAIBSE; BOtlBDEIOl; IICKEL; LEAD;
AITIBOIt; TA1AOIOB; SXIC; BIUI;
TBACHEA; LOIOS; BT5ABTJ LITER;
P1ICRBAS; S?IBBI;KIDIBIS; ADBEIAL
GLAIDS; IITSSniES; TBSTBS; OTAH1BS;
HOSCLBS; Sill; BLOOD; BOIES; ADIPOSE
TISSOE; CADA»B8S; JAPAI
BEPESP"CIT
Gross, S. B.
re«g«c. P.*.
niWendocf, n.s.
1«76
Plindec, C-;.
Kjellstcoe, r.
1977
sngita, (1.
1978
Suiino, K.
Bavakava, X.
Shlbata, T.
Hitaaora, S.
19"»5
-------
Cadsloa
7MO-»3-9
ca
Itl 112.»0, HP 321 C, BP 765 C. T? 1 •• 89 at 39* C, 10 •• Hg at *86 C
(COITIIOP.D)
TISSOI
2*1
Ildney
2*2
Kidney
2*3
Kidney
1726
Kidney
MFOSOIB 800 IB
Ingest ion
Inhalation
llaLTTICU.
RETROD
us
m
us
IORBEB
OP CaSES
al 6
b) 11
c| 11
dl 5
el 10
fl 9
a) 115
bl 93
c| 12
d) 11
al 15*
b| 16*
c| 285
BalGB
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d| lot given
e) lot given
f) lot given
a) <87 ppi
bl 87-200 ppi
c) 200-2*8 ppi
d) >2*8 ppi
a) 1.2-82.6 ag/g vet vt
b) 7.*.- 26. 3 ag/g v*t vt
c) 1.3-29.0 ag/g vet vt
Bang* of leans.
(IZIT
BEII
a) 1260 ag/g ash vt
b| 7*2 ag/g ash vt
c) 1860 ag/g ash vt
dl 933 ag/g ash vt
e) 2890 ag/g ash vt
f| 1630 ag/g ash vt
a) lot given
b| lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given
a| »9.7 ag/g vet vt
b| 17.6 ag/g vet nt
c) 19.1 ag/g v*t vt
PVGEI
GBIEBIL IITOIRaTIOl
Bevlev
chronic bronchitis, eiphyseia,
aneila. hypertension
Protelnaria, daeage to renal t abates,
formation of renal stones, Itai-Itai
disease
CMUIIOH; SEMIS; TIDOSTBIaL
poLLorioi; ail potion oi; IATEB
POLLOTIOI; POOD COITaRIIlTIOl;
BETDBOlISn; BIOaCCOHOLaTIOl; REflBv;
ITTFB; KTDIBTS
a) vorsotcnaive nonseokers
b| Hypertensive nonsiokers
c| loreotvnsive cigar, pip*, or
cheroot siokers
d| Hypertensive cigar, pipe, or
cheroot ssokers
e| voriotensive cigarette seokera
f| hypertensive cigarette siokers
Penal tissae taken at necropsy in 2
Danish hospitals.
Sasples *co» patients, aged »S-S% In
2 hospitals covering arban
(Copenhagen) and rural (island of
Xealand) districts.
C1D*TO«: IF.TaLS; KIDIEYS; SROKIXG;
Groups baited on perceetlles
al To 10th
b| To 10th
c| To Hth
cd vor^ers, vlth noreal renal
function. 78 vlth renal dysfunction
hal nliilar levels.
101 aale vorkers in Cd planta in
Belqlm.
CA01IOV HVTILS; KIDK^IS; QBIIE;
tlf'1; HKLGIOlf: OCCnPHTIOHL fUZAIDS
a) Japan, 1-70 yr old
b| J.S., 10-59 yr old
cl ^veden, 2-"° yr old
values for cortei. Levels increase
tj aqe at-60 th»n decrease.
ion-occa?»t tonally eirpond victim of
accidental or sudden death.
Tobacco
•(STUS; ctOaTIUI; FOOD C1IT*inHTTOI;
T3B«CmS; S10KT1R; *RF; SEI;
rWPa»»TT»? EVILOkTTOIS; LIVB*:
Ktnisys; PktcREkS; WTIS; BLOOD;
Fliers; J»P»»; TiTf^D ST»T5S; ?!«S;
Sv?1)!!!!
BBPBIEICB
lordberg, G.P.
Osterqaard, K.
1977
Boels, llstros, T.
1979
-------
Cadaiaa
7««0-»3-9
Cd
*tv 112.«0, HP 321 C. BP 765 C, TP 1 as Hg at 391 C. 10 » Rg at 086 c
(CORTIROED)
TISSUE
2134
Kidney
28«8
Kidney
2987
Kidney
30*2
Kidney
308 •
Kidney
EXPOSURE ROUTE
Ingestion
ARaLTTICkL
METHOD
kkS
ES
ROBBER
3P C»S5S
162
a) 13«
bl 73
c| 88
HMGE
1.0-00.3 ug/g
2.97-108.66 ug/g (vet)
1.0-100 ug/g vet »t
100-200 ag/g
a) lot given
b| lot gi»«n
c) Rot given
16. S ag/g
20.99 ag/g (vet)
2* ag/g wet »t
lot given
a) 92.* pps
b) 79.1 ppa
c) 75.2 ppa
Post loctel, subjects 6 Bonths to ">3
jr old, (com Sriabane, Hustralis.
; L»D; KI3DETS;
oi»i RtziPDS;
JOSTRHiri: COIPkRtTITf ETAlOirlO»S
Cortex, cd Increases »lth age.
Rlqhec In snokeca th
-------
7*39-92-1
Pb
»tB 207.2, HP 327.» C, BP 17«0 C, TP 1.77 •• Bg at 1000 C, 1 •• Bg at 970 c, 10 a* Hg at 1160 C
TISSUE
701
Blood
702
Blood
703
Blood
704
Blood
EXPOSURE RODTE
Inhalation
Ingestion
Inhalation
Ingestion
Inhalation
Ingestion
Inhalation
kllLTTICIL
HETBOD
1PDC-HXBK
US
US
us
us
•OBBBB
OP CASES
201
215
children,
105
•others
3. 3
Controls
2209. 355
Controls
RMGE
a) 5-«0 ag/100 •!
bj lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given
a) 28-57 ag/100 al
b) 15-63 ag/100 •!
a) 23-31 ag/100 ml
b) 32-52 ag/100 al
a) Wot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given
'
(H?JT
HEkl
a) 15 ag/100 el
b) 18.2 ag/100 el
c) 13.0 ag/100 al
d) 14.9 ag/100 al
a) 40 ag/100 al
b) 32 ag/100 al
a) 26.5 ag/100 •!
b) 41 ug/100 •!
a) 55.8 ag/100 •!
b) 39.0 ag/100 si
c) 10. fl ag/100 •!
d) 10.2 ug/100 •!
P»GE)
GBIBIkl IlrORRkTIOl
a) 111 children
b) children «lth history of pica
c) Children of occupational! y exposed
parents
d) Children of non-occapationally
exposed parents
lone of the children had abnorially
high blood Pb.
Children resided close to
lead-saeltlng cosplex.
CHILDBM; BLOOD: LBkD; HETkLS;
AOSTRALIA: SHELTERS
a| 1-100 seters fros suiting norks
bj 400-500 seters fros saelting works
Levels of 00 ag or sore/100 el blood
suggests excessive exposure. There is
no significant relationship tetwen
intelligence and behavior disorder
and current Pb level.
The people live in the vicinity of
lead saelting works vithl n 500 evters
of the factory, k dnsp for
battery-lead scrap is nearby.
Saelting vorks, dasp for battery lead
scrag, (heels of vehicles, norking
clothes
IP in; CHILDPBI; BLOOD; OTCD?UIOIIL
RII11DS; IltlDSTPHL DISEASES;
eEiinna DISORDERS; HBTALS; SHELTERS;
OS1TEO KIKGDOH
i) Pro-exposare
Paios fros firing veapons
H'UTH 11ZIRD3; LEIO PPISOtriO;
P0HS; OCCUPItlOIUl I>TS*»SSS:
TinOSTITAL 1T1IB1T; PSTllS; »TP
POLLUTION; PLOPIDA; 4LOOO; OPIH*
i) ie»vy occupational exposure, 20 or
sore cigarettes dally
b) tenty occupational exposure, never
saoted
c) "ontrol^, 21 or sore cigarettes
dally
d) ron»rols, never snored
SaaplR* fro* 220° sen occupation* lly
exposed to lead and froa 355 controls
representing the general population.
•ftoct jf saekinq on lead absorption
In vorkers eay be explained ty
lapalraint of long defense
aectianlsas.
•n»tconaont«l contailnation of
clgnrettes and fingers tilth lead
particles.
tt^; 1LOOD; SI«OKTIQ; TOBkCCOSj
"T-"'»TIO« MTOSOIE; OCCOPATI01AL
'I \7\FDS; LURGS; AGt; ^B7ALS; PIlLkID
RBPBRBICE
On«, H.K.
Blsby, J.A.
Shandar, A.S.
1976
Lansdovn, B.:.
Clayton, B. E.
Grahas, P.J.
Shepherd. J.
Delves, R.T.
Turner, I.e.
_
Ananla, ~.L.
Lucas, J.B.
Set*, J.l.
Tola. S.
loidaar, C.H.
-------
Lead
7439-92-1
?b
AtR 207.2. RP 327.4 C. DP 17HO C. TP 1.77 ma H9 at 1000 C, 1 mm Hg at 970 C. 10 •• Hg at 1163 C
(CORTIROED)
TISSOE
. -
70S
Blood
706
Blood
707
Blood
708
Blood
EXPOSURE ROOTE
Inhalation
Ingestion
ARALTTICAL
RETROD
AAS
-, - .
AAS
-
BOBBER
3F CASES
64. 30
controls
73
5
IB
RARGE
a) Rot given
b) Rot given
c) Rot given
a) 12-61 ag/100 al
b) 8-40 ag/100 ml
a) 50-60 ag/100 ml
b) 20-40 ag/100 ml
2.1-6.0 ppm
HEAR
a) 25. 5 ug/dl
b( 18.1 ug/dl
c) 19.8 ag/dl
a) 31 ag/100 ml
b| 19 ag/100 ml
a) 54 ag/100 •!
b) 36 ag/100 ml
3.7 ppm
SFSERAl TRFOSHATIOR
a) lentally retarded, etiology
unknown
b) SenMlly retarded, probable
etiology
c) Controls
samples from subjects drawn from
clinics in Ren Tork cl»y. Retard
subjects were patients at
Developmental Evaluation clinic, i
range from 4-12, 65 males and 2«
females. 62 Blacks. 23 Hispanics,
Caucasians, T.O.'s of 55-04 in tei
group.
ELO3D; LEAD; PETALS; »!TA»OITT1«;
CHILD9ER; A1E; REV TORK
a) Smelter area
b) Orban control area
Hethod of analysis not given.
Sarvey between April and Rovembec
1473 of 16 families living less tt
150 meters from Smelter A and of
urban control families.
non-specific neurological
abnormalities
Redaction in peripheral nerve
velocity
Increased excretion of M.H and
copraporphyrins.
Increased density in bone metaphyi
LEAI; CBILDREI: ABOT.TS; DOST;
1ETABOLISH; BLOOD; RAIR; S4ELTEB5
COPBOPOHPHTRIRS; RFTALS; CARADA
a) Before chelation therapy
b) ACter chelation therapy
Five adllt male demolition worker
from a work force dismantling old
iron structures covered with
lead-containing paint.
LEAD: LITER; PBOTOPORPRTBIRS;
LETOLIRIC ACIDS: EIZTRES;
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS; HETALS
Determinations were also done on
and Interior paint, possible soar
of contamination. e>
18 preadolescent legro children i
Charleston. SC dental clinic.
BLOOD; RAIR; TEETH; OULDRER; LEA
SOILS; PAIITS; RBTALS; SOOTH CABO
(IEXT PAGE)
REPS'JBIICE
Davll, <>.
Hoffman. S.
HcGann. B.
Sverd, J.
Clark, J.
Roberts, T.1.
Ratchioson, T.C.
Paciga, 3.
chattopadhyay, A.
Jervis, r.E.
Van Loon, J.
Parkinsor., D.r.
rischbein, \.
Alvares, A.?.
Anderson, K.E.
sassa, s.
Kappas, p.
Rabercam, J.»,
Hell, J.E.
Beigart, J.R.
Croft, R.V.
197»
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
»ts 207.2. BP 327.0 C, BP 17«o C. TP 1.77 •• 89 at 1000 c, 1 •• Bg at 970 c. 10 •• Hg at 1160 C
(C01TIIOBD)
TISSOE
709
Blood
710
Blood
711
Blood
712
Blood
EXPOSOBB BODTE
Inhalation
Ingestion
AIALTTICAl
BETROD
US
US
us
us
•DBBER
OF C1SES
119
a| «8
b) 07
al 18
b| 5
cl 5
dl «
•I 6
a| 2»
b| 23
BAIGB
2-81 ag/100 al
a) lot given
b) lot given
a| lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
dl lot given
e) lot given
a| 23-61 ag/100 al
b| 18-61 ag/100 al
BEA1
26.2 ag/100 al
a) 32.9 ag/100 •!
b) 10.3 ag/100 al
al 21.8 ag/100 al
b) 01.6 ag/100 al
c) 46.2 ug/100 al
d| 65.0 ag/100 al
e| "'3.3 ag/100 al
a| 37.1 * ar - 10.9
ug/100 al
b) 35.8 » or - 10. 1
•ig/100 al
GEIEtUL IIFOBBATIOI
Deaonstration of a blood Pb
concentration (BLC| of diagnostic
significance in a faally dog
increased the probability sixfold of
finding, in the faeilv, child with a
11C similarly increased.
1 19 children froa 83 lotf-iacoae
suburban Illinois faallles
LIAD; CBILDBBI; DOGS;
Bio»ccoaanTio»; BLOOD; BETILS;
ILLTIOTS
-
a) study group
b) Controls
Levels In 7 or OS vendors exceeded 00
ng/100 al, an accepted 'level of
concern." •
Saaples (roa «8 gasoline vendors,
eaployed ID this capacity for a aean
of 7.7 years, aean age of 31.6 years
control group of 17 persons
unconnected «ith gasoline industry,
aean age of 25. 5 years.
intl; HRTJILS; BLOOD; LEAD OSGAItT
C01P0010S; OCCOPATIOIAL HAZARDS;
SKI1!; GJSnilRE: jqSTtM.Il
a) 0-100fl ppa
b) 1000-2000 ppa
cl 2000-3000 ppa
«) 5000-6000 ppa
e| 7000-10,000 ppa
Oust leal.
Investigation during Deceaber, I0"
anl .lani^ry. 1976 In leaphls.
Household contaainatlon
M»Z»f>DS; 1FTHLS; METAL »OISO|T|n;
a) lales
Children, preschool, «-5 yrs.
Clinically asyaptoaatic vith
aodecately high exposure to Ph.
velther elevate) Mood levels fover
ranje T'-lo ag/100 ill nor presence
of lead vorker In the residence had
significant effects on developaental
and behavioral functions tested.
Group vlth Pb levels between 3* and
BO »/100 al did consistently less
veil than did those Kith lover lead
levels.
IFAI; HLOOD; rtllDFFV,; 1ETALS;
BPUtnR DTSORDCRS; tJITTED KIHGDO1
BEFEBEICE
Thoaas, C.v.
Rising, J.L.
Boore, J.I!.
1976
Boore, P. J.
Pridaore, s.t.
Gill. G.F.
1976
Baker. B.L. , Jr.
Folland, D. -.
Tavlor, T.».
Frank, 1.
Peterson, w.
Lovejoy, c.
cox. 0.
Roasvorth, J.
Landrigan. P..'.
1077
•atcllffa. J.'.
197'
""" " (»HT P»lf)
-------
Lmd
7*39-92-1
Pb
»tw 207.2. HP 327.* c. BP 17HO C, TP 1.11 •• Rg at 1000 C, 1 •• Hq at »70 C. 10 » Hg at 1160 C
(COITI1QED)
TISSUE
713
BlOOd
Blood
715
Blood
EXPOSURE ROOT!
Ingastion
Inhalation
klkLTTIMl
HETBOD
US
RORBER
OP CASES
«| 95
b) 210
C) 250
• I 333
b| 333
cl 109
d) 109
E1IGE
a) 12-150 U9/100 il
b) 10-18 og/100 il
c) 10-160 09/100 al
10- HO U9/100 al
a) 3.1-31 og/100 ml
b) 2.7-27.3 og/100 .1
c) 5.0-20.9 og/100 el
d) 3.0-16. 1 09/100 il
HE MI
a) 13.9 119/100 •!
b) 31.3 09/100 il
c) 30.7 09/100 ml
18.3 09/100 ml
a) 10.0 og/100 ll
b) 8.1 09/100 ml
c) 10.5 09/100 ml
d) 8.9 09/100 ml
G!!»EP»l llirOH'HTIO*
al 1167
b) 196)
e| 1971
Data available (or other areas, ages
anl ethnic groups.
Children less than 6 yr.
predosinantly black, in ocban aroa
nith high incidence of Pb poisoning.
syiptoas of toxic I ty in 12% of
patients treated In 1°«i and in «.2Y
o( patients treated in 1971.
latoratlonal delay in speech ,
ispaired intellectual perforBance.
impaired abstract reasoning and
lipaired rcrbalizttlon of concepts
Her* noted »ith elevated blood
leTels. One death fros Pb poisoning
oecirred in 200,000 children tested
between 1967-1971. There Here 35
such deaths in the Chicago area.
Peeling paint and plaster
t«K>: PETALS; ILLIIOIS; CHIIDBE*;
OBBH IIEKS: RETtt, POISOVII6; BLOOD;
BfHITIOB DISORDERS; tGE; PlCi;
IERTOOS STSTBS DISUSES: III HOIS
Children 5-12 yrs old, KT City
children, 5-12 yrs of age, fros
IspoTiirlshed areas of Rev York city.
no frank lead poisoning and no
sanltest psychological difficulties.
Behavioral e»loations correlated
significantly with blood lead levels.
Treatsent of hyperactive and retarded
children vith peniclllanine for 2
sonths resolted in isproved behavior
and an icprovesent in 1-3. ot about 7
points (90-97).
LCID; HET11.S; CRILDREK; DRB1I 1RE»S:
BPHVIOB DISORDERS; POPOtlTIOR
BtPOSORE; 5tOOD; IE! TOSK
a) *onesok«rs, sothers aged 16-13 yr.
sean 26.3 yr
b) lenborn of nonssokers
c) Siokers, sothers aged 27-36 yr.
eean 25.6 yr
d) (fevhorn of saokers
Staples fros 333 nonsBoklng and 109
BBOklng Eoropean voaen and their
neoboro. the noaen lived in or near
Brossels. Toomai, Leaven (Laavain) ,
and Intverp, Belqios representing
rural, orban, and industrial areas.
BLOOD; Iirins; SROKIIG; LEIO;
HIRCQIY; ctDBioa; oniLS; C»BBOI
IfORGillC COIPOOIDS; COaPlRlUVE
EVILOaTIOIS; B08U IBIIS: OBBtl
a»BlS: IIDOSTRH1. 1HB»S; BELGIOB;
PtlCEITl; 0BBXLICAL CORD
psrrsBurt
Sachs, H.K.
197«
Inon
197B
Sachet, J.p.
Boels, H.
Babersont, c.
Laaverys, R.
1978
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
atl 207.2. SP 327.8 C, BP 17W C, TP 1.77 •• Bq at 1000 C, 1 as Hg at 970 C. 10 •• Hg at 1160 C
(COITXIOBD)
TISSDB
716
Blood
717
Blood
716
Blood
EIPOSOBE BOOTB
Inhalation
XQg«.ttioQ
lliLTTICH
HETHOD
US
US
us
IOBBBB
or CUSES
a) 503
b| 503
C| 474
d) 474
e) 29
f| 29
V
216
43. 10
Controls
UIGE
a) 3.1-31 ag/100 al
b) 2.7-27.3 ag/100 si
c) 3.1-31 ag/100 si
d) 2.7-27.3 ag/100 nl
e) 7.9-18 ag/100 si
f) 3.2-18.7 ag/100 si
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given
e| lot given
f) lot given
* :
a) 66-124 ag/100 al
b) 80-85 ag/100 al
c) 43-76 ag/100 si
d) lot givne
el lot given
,H»TV
Mil
a) 10.2 ag/100 si
b) 8.4 ag/100 si
c) 10.1 ag/100 si
d) 8.3 ag/100 si
e) 10.8 ag/100 si
ft 9.4 ag/100 al
a) 23.1 ag/100 al
b) 18. 4 ag/100 al
c) 28.3 ag/100 si
d) 21.3 ag/100 si
e) 12.9 ag/100 al
£) 11.9 ag/100 si
a) 97 ag/100 al
b) 83 ag/100 al
c) 60 ag/100 al
1) 25 ag/100 al
e| 19 ag/100 al
DlRPt
GEIBRaL IirORBlTIOl
a) 111 vosen
bj 111 nevborn
c) European vosen, aged 16-45 yr.
sesn 26 yr
d) European nevborn
e) afro-asian vosen, aged 18-40 yr.
•ean 26 yr
f) afro-asian nevborn
Saaples taken at delivery fros
•others by venipanctare and fros
nevborn at the aabillcal cord. The
vosen lived in areas of Belgian
(intvecp. Brussels, Loavain, Toacnal
and Tilvoordel with various degrees
of industrialization and
urbanization.
BLOOD; aDOLTS; IIFaltS; LEID;
MERCURY; CaDaiUB; C1BBOI IIORGlslC
COBP001DS; SEMIS; BELGIOa;
COmBaTITE BV*LOaTIO*.S; OHBHICAL
CORD; 9HCSVH
a) Policesen on foot patrol
b) office vorkers in dovetovn Hoaston
(control for (a) )
c| Oarage attendants
d) Orderlies and custodians (control
for (b||
e) resales living vithin 2 blocks of
freeway
f| resales living avay froa freevay
(control for (•!)
Six groups, each of 26 individuals.
In the setropolltan area of Boost on.
TI, pollceeen on foot patrol, office
virters in dovntovn Hoaston, garage
attendants, orderlies and custodians.
fesales living vithin two blocks of a
freevay, and fesalcs living avay fros
a freevay.
COHTOa; LK«D; TB1CE SLJIEVfS; TCXaS;
BLOnD; ORTIE; BUR; rBCBS; 2TIC;
1»*G»1»SS: COPPEB; PLaTIUOH;
PILUDTnj; IBIaLS: iOTOSOTITv.;
O^-OPITTOIH HIZ*9DS
al ^aployees in farnace
b) Employees in shop
c) Bsployees in office
d| Fa allies adjacent to sselter
e| control
*.splove*s at a lead scrap saelter in
Troy, llabass. Six sesbers of tvo
fssilles vho resided 50 and mo
eetern respectively froa the sselter.
Tin adult volunteers vho resided
1.6-11.3 kiloneters fros the saelter.
lend poisoning, lead colic, confusion
<\nd hallucinations (lead
vncephalopathyl .
t»0 "nlSOmiG; SHELTERS; BLOOD;
H»T"; t'tTH»OCTTBS; »OPI>Hy9t!IS;
nmenits:!; DISB*SES; SOILS;
T!G!!T\TtOI; LBtD; MILK; rETHlS;
MIUL P^POlaTTOIIS; TCCOPHTIOUlt
HIZ\
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
Itl 207.2. HP 327.* C, BP 17*0 C. T? 1.77 .• Hg it 1000 C, 1 aa Bg at 970 C, 10 II Kg at 1163 C
(COITIIOED)
TISSOE
719
BlOOd
720
Blood
721
Blood
722
Blood
BXPOSOBB ROOTS
klALTTICU
RBTBOD
AST
US
1ST
IOBBBB
3P C*SBS
a) 35
b) 37
a) 69
bl 90
BlRGE
5<>-68 ug/100 al
a) lot given
b) lot given
a) 0.02«-o.072 ug/10 (B»9)
BBC
b) 0.021-0.076 ug/10 (B»9)
BBC
a) <1-61 ag/lOO al
b) 0-3.87 ag/100 al
lot given
a) aO ag/100 al
b) «2 ag/100 al
a| 0.0«» ag/10(B«9)
BBC
b) 0.037 ag/10(E»9)
BBC
1«.6 ag/100 al
0.83 ag/100 al
G'UfPAL Il(fO»IHTIOt
Inalytlcal eethod, control values not
glv«a.
Oati tcoa 6 patients of the Childhood
Laad Clinic of the John P. Kennedy
Institute in Baltlaoro. Control data
Jtrlvel fcoa IP patients (Pedistric
Clinical Research Onit of tha Johns
Hopicins lospital) vithont
neacoloqlcal disocdeca. Controls
resided In sabarban areas in n«»
housing.
HrperlrritabilitTi hrperactlvitr in 3
of S ail cnildreD, disturbed hea«
srnthesis, altered catecholaaine
aetabollsa.
BIOOD; HBTIB; CHILDBED; LBtD; 1ET»LS;
BTC5; lED'OlOGTC BlltfEST»TIO»S;
BEBES; IHSTLKD
a)
b) Halt
Other data given.
Saaples froa residents of Denver,
Colorado, age range 1-A2 rr, 39X
vhlte. IB* black, a2<
leiican-tserican, 6.7 aean
residential years In area, one case
of possible occupational exposure.
POPOLtTIOl nPOSOBE; (1ETILS;
COLOBKOO; SBELTEBS: tIB POLLOTIOB;
TOBICCOS; SBOKII6; BLOOD; OSIIE
a| Baternal erythrocrtes
bl Petal erythrocytes
latched pairs of pregnant nosen and
their fetuses residing In or near
Cleveland, Ohio
Selections aade vlthout regard for
prenatal or intrapartua aedlcal
probleas although Indepth clinical
laforaatlon «as recorded.
Significant Inhibition of IIU In
both aatenal and fetal erythrocytes.
EBnBBOCTTES; PETDS; PBEGEUCT;
BStTBES; OBBII kBEaS; POPOLATtOH
ZIPOSOBE; HETKLS; IBtO; BLOOD; OHIO
a) Ann arbor population
b) Tanoaaao population
10 blood sasples cross-checked using
atoelc absorption shoved the anodic
stripping voltaaaatry analyses had a
•13.71 bias.
100 blood donors, IB-SB yr old, fros
tan arbor, Hichigan. 137 Tanoaaao
Indians froa Tenexaela.
BLOOD; OBIIE; BUB; TBBBZOBla;
SBBCOBT; CtDBIDB; 1UD; COPPEB;
BBIiLS; BICBleil
(IBIt NOB)
REFFRBBCF!
Silbergeld, r.. K.
chisola, J.J., Jr.
1«76
Vysowski, O.K.
landrigan, P.J.
Perguson, s.v.
Pontalne, B.8.
Tsongas, I.».
Porter, B.
1978
Kuhnert, P.a.
Erhard, P.
Knhnert, B.B.
1977
Becker, l.B.
Ulan, B.E.
Dlnaan, B.D.
leel, J.T.
I97a
-------
IMA
7»39-92-1
Pb
It* 207.2, HP 327. a C, BP 17»0 C. »P 1.77 •• Rg at 1000 C. 1 aa Bg at 970 C. 10 mm Hg at 1160 C
(COITIIOBD)
>) 1 eonth post-exponare
c) 1 aontha pont-exposari:
11 o eonths post-eiposare
Saiplea froa norkers employed in
storage battery plant in Italy.
Do syaptoas of lead poisoning darlna
the stady.
3tt» of abnaraal aetsphasea, aoatly
•1th chroaatid and one-break
chroiosoae aberrations, Has
approdintely doubled after on* aonth
o( nork.
ruaas
tH"; KDOStSIlL PUHTS; CNBOKOSONkl
»B«-'»*TIOJS; IinUSTBIH RTOinS;
ORIHE: BIOOO; 1ETILS: I TUT
BEFEBEICE
Booty, J.
Ferrand, c.F. , Jr.
Barris, P.
1975
Lerner, S.
197S
Epstein, P.
19Ta
rocnl, i.
Caabiaqhi. 6.
Secchl, 3.r.
197*
-------
Lead
1*39-92-1
Pb
tt« 207.2, IP 327. « c, BP 17W C. TP 1.77 •• Kg at 1000 c. 1 •• Rg at 970 C, 10 as Bg at 1160 C
(C01TIIOBD)
rissoe
727
Blood
721
Blood
729
Blood
730
Blood
EWOSaHe BOOT!
Inhalation
Inhalation
Ingestion
IRkLTTICaL
RETROD
Dlthizone
US
tST
US
PAPC-a»K
its
IOHBBB
OP C»SSS
a| 8
b| 8
al «6
b) 78
cl 46
dl 78
a) 192
b| 273
SUSOB
a) lot given
b) lot given
a) 40-68 09/100 al
b) 1-39 ug/100 «1
c) 22-58 ag/100 al
d) 15-39 ug/100 al
a) Rot given
b) Rot giY«n
lot given
(HIT
HUB
a) 26.6 ug/100 ml
b) oT.il ag/100 al
a) »8. 3 ug/100 il
b) 26.9 ug/100 il
c) 0.5 ug/100 al
d) 26.5 ag/100 si
a) 33.1 ag/100 al
b) 27.0 ng/100 al
0. 178 ppa
PISE)
GEIERIkL IirORflATIO*
a) control group
b) Lead-poisoned group
Sasples fro* print-shop vorkers in
Turkey, sean age of 35.8 rears, aaan
period of esploysent 20.1 years.
l«ad-lndnc*d colic, astallic taste.
constipation, anorexia, artbralgia.
parestnesia, and headache were
observed In lead-intoxicated vorkers.
significant errthrocvtosls and
hvpochroaia. ilean corpnscalar ttt nas
significantly lover than control
valves.
Pases
LEIO; 1ETUS; P5IHTIKG IIDOSTRT;
UDOSTBUL 'BISSIOIS; tlCHIk; TOPKET;
BIOOD
a) Lead-absorption gronp, 1972
b) controls, 1972
c) Lead absorption group, 1973
d) Controls, 1973
Sasples fros children betveen ages of
3 yr, 9 so to 15 yr, 11 so living
nithin 6.6 ks of a lead sselter in el
Paso, Texas, controls satched vlth
age, sex, socioecoaosic status.
length of residence in area and
language spoken.
chronic absorption say result in
subtle bat statistically significant
ispalrsent of non-verbal cognitive
and perceptaal-sotor skills.
Rovever, ispairsent could have
preceded lead absorption.
lead sselter
LEaD; HRU.S; CHILDBEI; SHELT8BS;
TIDOSTBtaL EHISSIOIS; 1EDBOLOGIC
llllIPESTkTIOIS; PEIICILLtBIXE; BLOOD;
Pica; TETIS
at Children of leadvorkars
b) controls
Children (under 5 years old) of
battery factory leadnorkers. Control
children's parents were not
leadnorkers. n others also tested.
Battery factory near Manchester,
England.
IBID; OCCDPlTIOIal HMIBDS; BLOOD;
UDOSTBUL PLUTS; CBILDBBI;
BIOICCDHOLaTIOl; BET»LS; 1GE; OITTED
XIIGDOa
10 sasples
PLITIIOB; PtLLIDIOH; IBID; RETtLS;
BLOOD; OIIIE; PBCES; BalB;
HEaSOBBBEIT BBTBODS; TRICE ELBHBITS
BEflREPCP
ranberk, 1.
Sehirli, I.
Canberk, T.
Xovoncnoglu, p.
1978
Landrlgan, P.J.
Baloh, R.v.
Barthel, «.F.
Bhitnorth, E.R.
Staehling, 1.8.
Rosenblaa, B.P.
1975
Elvood, 4.J.
Clayton. B.E.
cox, 8.1.
Delves, H.T.
King, E.
Halcals, D.
Patclifte, J.e.
Taylor, J.P.
1977
Tillery. J.B.
Johnson, D.E.
1975
-------
Lead
1*39-91-1
Pb
»t» 201.2. HP 321.* C, BP 11«0 C, TP 1.11 •• Bg at 1000 C. 1 aa 69 at 910 C, 10 •• Kg at 1160 C
(COItllDED)
TISSOB
131
Blood
132
Blood
133
Blood
EXPOSURE RODfB
AIUTTIC1L
RSTBOD
US
us
us
IORBE1
OF CASK
20
Appro*
ISO, 21
control a
BMGE
0.10-0.53 ng/g net «t
a) lot given
b) 100-100 og/100 il
c) 55-60 ag/100 el
<60 ag/dl
> or • 60 ag/dl
>80 ag/dl
HUI
0.29 «g/g «et «t
a) 260 ag/100 ll
b| lot given
c) Rot given
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
GEIER1L XIFORRtTIOl
Saeplea froa 30 cadavers In central
Japan, aean age of 39 yeara, extent
of heavy eetal exposure unknovn.
HVT1LS; IBSB1IC; BERYLLIOR; B1S1BTH;
cioHioi: cBionoB; COB lit; COPPER;
BIRCORT; SBTBTL RBBCOBT COHPCOIDS;
atlCklESB; ;
n) Controls
b) •'it o( iiorkers
c) 2">~ at worker*
vorkers, half of »hich iere leas
than 30 yr, eqaally distributed as
•hit* or black race, currently
esployed in 2 secondary lead
sietters. Controls vere 2* nortrrs
froa n«arby plants »lth no kno«n lead
lead annla, lead colic,
gastrointestinal syiptoes, central
nvrvons systea syeptoas, anscl* tnf
joint pains, hypertension, Xldney
disnaCCOP»TIO»»l
(IEZT PIG!)
REPEREHCE
Saaino, f.
hayaka«a, K.
Shibata, T.
Kitaanra, s.
1915
Thoaisino, J.».
Earonvste, ?.
Brooks, S.t.
petering, H.3.
Lvrner, S.I.
Fisolli, ».».
Clsinger, J-
Blaaberg, «.».
FUchbeln, \.
lllls, 8.
Selikoif. I.,I.
-------
Lead
7D39-92-1
Pb
»t» 207.2, IIP 327.U C. BP 1700 C. TP 1.77 >. Hg at 1000 C. 1 •• Hg at 970 C. 10 II Hq at 1161 C
(CORTIROED)
TISSUE
73«
Blood
735
Blood
^
736
Blood
EIPOS08E ROUTE
Inhalation
Ingestlon
HRH.TTICHI.
HKTHOD
AtS
RUHBE*
or CASES
al sue
b| 2P2
c| 70
1.369
al 22
bl 15
c| 130
BANG!
a) < or - 29 ag/100 ml
b) 30-30 ug/100 il
c) >00 ag/100 •!
> or • 00 ag/100 al
a) Rot given
b) Rot glTen
c) lot given
HEAR
a) Rot given
b| Hot given
c| Rot given
Rot given
a) 19.9 ag/100 •!
b) 32 ag/100 il
c| 28.7 ag/100 «1
S*»»P% had sliilac
values.
living near a letd-eeitting smelter
In '1 Paso, Texas.
LIll; 1EIILS; SKELTERS; BLOOC: 003- ;
CHILOBER
a) Dav Care children
b) Controls (Ron-Day care children)
c) controls (Cossanity children).
Comparing ghetto children in Day Care
Centers «ith ones not in centers.
Ige ranges: 12-35 sonths.
Environeental pollution
Pica
BLOOD; LB1D; HN1LS: CHILDBB1; OPBII
tacts
• rF7"El'f»
Etir^, ^.D.
'olqs, J.U.
fitca, B.F.
P»loll«e, E.r.
19-»fl
Landrlgtn, ". .'.
Gehlbach, S.".
PosenMns, B.F.
Shoolts. J. 1.
"arthol, V.f.
Llddl", J.*.
Serek, ^.L.
Staehling, B.S.
1975
Adebonojo, P.?.
Strahs, S.
1«7n
(REIT P1GE)
-------
imd
7*39-92-1
Pb
ttt 207.2. HP 327.0 C, BP 17BO C. VP 1.77 •• Bg at 1000 C, 1 » Hg at 970 C. 10 •• Bg at 1160 C
(COITIIOID)
TISSOB
737
BlOOd
738
Blood
730
Blood
BXPOSOBB BOBTE
Inhalation
.
Inhalation
Ingestion
Ingestion
Inhalation
kllLTTICkL
BETHOD
kkS
_
IPDC-HIBK
MS
IDIBEB
OF C1SBS
a) 156
b) 2«
Controls
370
MIAE
a) <40- greater than BO
ag/100 el
b) <«0-59 ag/100 al
a) dot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given
e) Mot given
f) lot given
•
/
9-102 ag/100 il
(KBIT
HBkl
a) lot given
b) lot given
. . ._ _
M 57-75 ag/100 el
b) 10-55 ag/100 el
c) 31-36 ag/100 el
d| 21-35 ag/100 el
a) 17-25 ug/100 al
f) 21-37 ag/100 Hi
10 ag/100 .1
PkJE)
GEIBBkL IIFOSIMTIOI
a) Barkers, secondary Pb-seelters: 2
had 0-54
ag/100 el. 75 had «0-79 ag/100 el, «5
had >BO ag/100 el. 93 had >BO ag/100
el at soee tie., over half the 93 had
repeated Pb >PO ug/100 el.
blocheelcal and clinical findings
correlated «ith Pb levels
b) controls: 10 had ao-59 ag/100 el.
IS had <0* ag/100 el.
(ackers froa 2 secondary saelting
plants, farioos age groaps.
Pb-ezposare periods, both black and
vhite races, controls 2 plants in
saae area.
Bedaced radial nerve-conduction
velocity «as foand In »6S of 13«
Pb-«xposed norkers. rentral nervous
systee syeptoos, eascle and joint
pain and/or soreness, and loss of
appetite and weight were foand in a
relatively high proportion of the
oorkers. Bigk zinc propoporphyrin
levels strongly correlated vlth Pb
levels '. duration of Pb-exposar«.
»iooo; I.E\D: SSELT^HS; HFT\LS:
OCCOPkTTOIkl DISEASES;
PROTOonSPHyJIIS; SW: WTTHIWCrrBS;
tMD POISOIIIR; BLOOD; ICCOPlTIOSkL
• kTkRDS; HETkl POTSO*T|IJ; ISBVOIJS
STST7.1 DISgkSPS
4) 1 .lie of Pb seelter
hi 1-2.5 eile of Pb seelter
c) 2.5-6 eile of ?b saelter
4) 11-20 aile of »b nelter
e) -hlUren living ah elning
site (Sncondary controls)
IBIITS ace qeoeetrlc. lore data la
tables.
iiui children, aged 1-' yr, living
tie*** t Drieary lead smelter in
northern Idaho vece stcveyvl In
kagust 1a7a. Blood lead levels «tro
correlated vlth analvses of
ant ironaental m»ples, social an)
•el leal history, acd qenrral
observations of the hoxr onrlc^nncnt.
?ri»«cy loaj s.oltcc
lEkD; ir.onnj CTTLBP?*; J.FAO
POtSOlIin; THDDSTFIkl. B81SSTOIS;
noastaikL POLLUTION SIELTB^S:
I9»»0; CO«PkB»TTtr MklUTIOVS: PHST;
•"WTU"!; \TB POILOTIO'T
••Mldr«n In »«»»cy, 1J, 1-8 yr.
llvliq In urban ecTlroniieat.
-
-------
lead
7*31-92-1
n
»t« 207. 2, HP 327. « C, BP
C, TP 1.77 •• Hq at 1000 C, 1 • • Hg at 9">0 C, 10 •• Hg at 1160 C
(COITIIOED)
TISSUE
700
Blood
701
Blood
7»2
Blood
703
Blood
EXPOSURE ROUTE
Ingestlon
-
A*ALTTIC»L
TETRPD
Colorisetry
AAS
US
kits
- ..
IOHBER
3F CASSS
a) 00
b| 5
c| 2«
dl 25
a| 20
bl 31
a) 78
b) 11
c| 20
dl 9
10
mine
a) 12-01 og/100 si
b) 26-39 og/100 si
c) 12-01 og/101 si
d| lot given
a) lot given
b) lot given
a) Hot given
b) lot given
cl lot given
d) lot given
a) >00 ug %
b) >80 og X
(IEXT
HEAI
a| 22.8 og/100 al
b) 31.0 ng/100 al
c| 20.8 og/100 al
dl 20.00 og/100 •!
a) 1.00 oaol/1
h| 0.93 oaol/1
a) 26.0 09 X
b) 6.7 og *
cl 9.5 og X
d| 7.o og K
a) lot given
b) lot given
PAGE)
IVHERAt. T IPO**, ATI 0*
a) Taxi drivers (whole group)
b) Taxi drivers with lead plwihlnq at
hose
c) T«ii drivers with copper flushing
at ho«-
d| Controls
(factory workers)
Tale txl drivers, 2S-fi» yearn of
age, who were refoelling at n central
Manchester depot.
LEAD; 1FTALS! OCCUPATIONAL RAT»RDS;
COPPED; LE*OLI*IC ACIflS; BLOOD:
SBOKtll; OH TIED KTIODOS; AUTCSOTTVE
al Alcoholics
h) iellnq'it>nts and criminals
11 prisoners, 2" of whoa were
alcohols (sean Age » 52 years) . Hean
age of other 31 prisoners • 3» years
BLOOD; LEAD; SETALS: ALCOHOLIC
al 1-2 «k between saaples, sacro
blood lead of <«0 09 t
t) 0 vk between sasples, eacro blood
lead of <00 ug *
c) 1-2 vk between sasples, eacro
blood lead of > or • on og X
d) 0 wk between sasples, a aero blood
lead of > or • 00 09 <
Value* are for sicro sinua sacro
blood lead. Contaelnation pro bless
in collection of sicro sasples.
Delves aethod, sicro-and Bessel
Method for sacroanalysls.
HAD; RETALS; CHILDBEI; HEASUBEHEIT
1ETRODS; BLOOD; COIIECTICDT
a) Level of all children at
initiation of study
b) Level of SO* of children 3 eonths
before stody, chelation therapy
req aired
Stady indicates substantial exposnre
doe to ingestion of dost and dirt
rather than paint.
Sasples froa children in Connecticut,
average age « 1/3 yr.
Ingest ion of lead-containing dirt
LEAD; 1BT»t,Si CHILDBED; PICA; DOST;
pAins; popotarioi EXPOSURE; BLOOD;
BIOACCUHOLATTOI; COIIBCTTCUT
airntcjcr
Plinlt, r.I.-rt.
ring, ».
Walsh, P. B.
1 '•*&
lob, n.
Desbasses, P.
1976
"
Josellos, s.r.
Lopovich, P.
Horlarty. B.
1075
Lepov, H.L.
Brocksan, L.
Bablno, B.A.
Harkowitz. S.
Gillette. -.
Kaplsh, J.
1970
, ^^ .
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
eb
»t» 207.2, HP 327.* C, BP 17*0 C, TP 1.77 » Bg it 1000 C, 1 •• Eg at 970 C, 10 aa Bg at 1160 C
(COITIIOBD)
tISSOB
7B«
Rlood
BlOOd
106
Blood
7»7
Blood
EIPOSOBB BOOT!
alalTTICH.
HRBOD
US
Dithizone
US
IORBEB
or cisss •
a) 57
b| 28
c) 2«
a) 17 (c)
b) 31
c| 18
80
a) 25
b| 50
cl 2S
d) SO
B11SB
a) lot given
b) lot given
cl lot given
a) <1.«3 naol/1
b) 1.98-3.88 naol/1
cl > or * 3.12 naol/1
7-66 ng f
_! , ..J- -.,..
a) lot given
b| Rot given
cl Rot given
d| lot given
HBll
a) 30.88 ng/100 al
bl 35.11 ug/100 al
cl 37.75 ug/100 al
a) lot given
b) 1st given
c) lot given
21.3 ng (
a) 16.2 ug/100 al
b| 15.3 ng/100 al
c| 13. a ng/100 al
d) 13. 1 ng/100 al
GEIEH1L I IFOR HIT 101
a) Toll booth at Tunnels entrance
b) Hilton location, on HI turnpike
cl Beaton location. Turnpike and
Bonte 124
°* sen worked at tunnel area as
tollsea-guards, electrlciaas or
salntenance persons. Others worked
as collectors at t list on and Best on
booths, 6 1/2-"1 he/day.
Intoaotive emissions
HUE; HEH.TH 8AZ1RDS; OCCOP1TIOI1L
HIMRDS; IBRD; HBTItS; BLOOD;
SROKIRG; C1IBOR I10IGIIIC COBP3DRDS;
BTOtCraROllTIOR; MS POLLOTIOR;
HJTOSOTtVB: HISSICHOSETTS
al Slntathlone rednctase (OSSG-t)
activity 0.98 units/si, 5
aslnolevullnlc acid dehydratase
(tLk-0) activity 28.«7 qnits/al, free
sul'hydryl groups (SR| 1.«9 uaol/al
bl -iSSS-R 1.«R nnita/al, ala-D 10. as
nnlti/il. SH 1.06 nsol/al
c| GSSQ-R 1.<>0 nnlts/al, »H-0 4.63
nnits/al, SH 0.43 naol/nl
\t unspecified nusber of subjects
were workers froa a lead battery
factory
IBID; 1ETKLS; E*IT!1ES; *LOO'>;
EBTTRSOCTTXS; BTOtCCOHOUTIOl; OIITED
KIVGOn^; RFTkBOlISM
Ro positive relationship between
bload Pb and blood pressure was
four.d.
Saeotea froa SO lew "anover County,
worth -xrollna children, 1 to 8 yrs
old, eetn age t.5 yrs, 2° black aale,
39 Mack resales, 8 white aales, 5
white Feaales
LHH; 1-TUS: "LOOD; HLOOD PBEISDR^;
RTPCRTtlSTOW; IOPTB C»5OLI«»;
CRTLDBSI
a| internal blood, birth 'eights
<2SOO a
bl Controls, birth weights >2*00 7
cl Cord Mood, birth weights <2SOO q
d) controls, birth weights >2500 g
Differences not significant at <>
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
»ti 207.2. RP 327.« C, BP 1740 c. TP 1.77 •• 89 at 1000 C, 1 •• Rg at 9">0 C, 10 IB 89 at 1160 C
(CORTTIOED)
TISSUE
748
Blood
749
Blood
750
Blood
751
Blood
EXPOSURE ROUTE
Inhalation
Ingestlon
Ingestlon
ANainicaL
RETROD
US
its
us
_ „
...
NOHBEB
OF CtSES
a) 27
bl 32
al 49
b| 49
Cl 49
dl 24
1
RINGS
a) Not given
b) Not given
c) lot given
a) 16-63 og/100 al
b) 8-55 og/100 el
a) lot given
b) Not given
c) Not given
d| lot given
a) lot applicable
b) lot applicable
"HE»I
al 49.4 nij/100 il
b| 53.4 og/100 il
c| 26.4 og/100 al
..
a) 31.8 09/100 il
bl 21.72 og/100 il
a) 32.3 og/100 al
b) 31.9 og/100 al
c) 49.9 og/100 al
d) 11.9 og/100 al
a) 90 09 X
b| 70 09 %
GFNSSXL IIFOHaTIO*
a) *zpos«re < 10 yr
b) *iposure > 10 yr
c) controls.
Proa secondary lead sselter vorkers
(24< < 30 yr old, 52* 31-50 yr old
and 311 > 50 yr old) and a control
group («t < 30 yr old, 62» 3V 50 yr
aid 20< > 50 yr old) .
Significant Inverse correlation
between heeoglobln and blood lead
levels.
Sielter
iniLS; LPID: FLOOD; REROGLOBINS;
a) Chlldmn of lead storage battery
plant vorkers
b) Control qroop
Levels significantly different
0.001).
Children (age 1-6 yr)
Dost froi parents' clothes
RETM.S: LEiD; BLOOD; CRILDPSN
a) average level in vorkers at tiie
of tests
b) Tlie veighted average for the saie
group
c) average iixiaoi concentration for
the saie groip
d) Controls
Finnish vorkers (39 sena and 10
voien, lean age 33) at a storage
battery plant or sachlne shoe.
The relationship betveen impaired
psychological perfonance and blood
lead concentration «as significant.
Tlsial Intelligence and visoal motor
function «ere lost affected.
RETtLS; LEiD; BLOOD; OCCOPtTIONU.
H II IB OS
•) Before therapy for poisoning
t>0 after Ca-EDTI therapy
i 59-year-old vosan poisoned by the
lead In an herbal iidlcation.
Insosnla, irritability, dlffese
pains.
inesla, basophillc stippling.
erythrold hyperplasla of bone aarrov.
LEiD; RETilS; LUD POISOIING; CaSB
RISTOUES; BLOOD; ilERIi
SPfS'ErCT
Lllls, B.
Pisinger, J.
Bloiberg, ••
Fischbeln, \.
Sellkoff, I.J.
1Q"**!
vatson, R.i.
lltherell. L.E.
Gigoere, G.C.
1978
Baenninea, <1.
Rernberg, S.
Hanterre, P.
Vesanto, R.
Jalkanen, 1.
1978
Kalian, S.R.
1977
(NEXT HOB)
-------
Lead
7M9-92-1
Pb
itl 207.2, BP 327.* C, BP 17*0 C. If 1.77 •• gg at 1000 C, 1 as 89 at 970 C, 10 •• 89 at 1160 C
(COETXBOBD)
TISSOB
752
Blood
753
Blood
75»
Blood
_ - -_ ...
755
Blood
756
Blood
EXfOSBRE IOBTB
_
Xngestion
IHLTTICH.
HBTROD
us
BOBBBR
OF CkStS
6
192
UW6B
2«-52 19/100 il
7-»3 09/100 si
.
RlaB
lot liven
16. 1 og/il
GERERIL XIPOP.B1TXOB
alkvl lead cockers, levels taken
veekljr foe 6 vk. lo correlation
betveen ale and blood !•*•!•.
1MO; OCCOPITIORaL BaZaROS; HTT»LS;
OCCOPMIOIaL DISBaSBS; LBaD
POISOBTI6; BIOOO; OBTIS; LBTOlXnc
1CIOS
Childnn. 1-12 T». 1*77. lo
coccvlatlon »lth lorals In drinking
«at«r.
Children (coi Benninqton, Tecmont
LtkD; HBTILS; IBin POISOIIMO; BLOOD;
CRIU)«8«: TBRHOIT; D«IIS1IO BaTEE
R*Tle*
Lc»4; arr»LS; BLOOD; TSBTH; BOIES:
HUD; 08IIE; 5EISOP.M8IT RBTB09S;
BTOlCrOHOLaTIOl; SRaBOLISBi BETTER
P«»i«»
Decreased cognitive (unction.
increase In behavioral abnormalities
found in school-aged children vita
andne exposure to lead.
(ecoasendations given for lead levels
in paints to slnialxe exposure.
1,1*0; 4ET«IS; CHIIDHEH; BEMTTOR
DISORDERS; IBBBOIOGIC BkBIPESTlTIOIS;
PlIDTSj «ICk; HFltTB RJTIBOS; BIOOD;
»E»TB»
Revlen
'Boreal' levels and exposare lisits
given.
Author coeeent: tboat 1*- of the fork
force 1* exposed to lead levels high
enongh to result In hlocheelcal and.
possible neurological dasage.
2S d»r»
IE»D; 1EHIS; I
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
At! 201.2, HP 327.9 C, BP 17(0 C, VP 1.77 as Hq at 1000 C. 1 •• Hq at 9-"0 C. 10 II Hq at 1160 C
(CORTIMOBD)
TISSO!
757
Blood
758
Blood
759
Blood
760
Blood
ZP050RE RBOTB
nhalatlon
ngestion
- -
ngection
ARALTTICAL
BETHOD
AAS
APDC-HIBK
AAS
AAS
IS
„ ,_
IOBBER
OF CASES
a) HO
bl 29
c| «S
9
al «1
b| 36
3
BARGE
a) 15.7-0,5.8 09/100 al
b) 9.4-2S.D og/100 al
c) «. 5-16.2 og/100 il
0.3-2.9 »ol/l
a) lot given
b) Rot given
a) <0.03 og/g
b) 0.03-0.07 og/g-
c) 0.005-0.04 09/9
d) <0.005 09/9
HEAR
a) 26. a uq/100 •!
b) 13.6 09/100 ml
c) 9.1 09/100 al
1.7 naol/1
a) 1.23 oaol/1
b| 1.01 naol/1
a) Hot given
b) Hot given
c) Hot given
d| Hat given
T»PORIHTIOH
a) <1 ka froa Pb mltec
b) 2.5 ki f coi Pb noltec
c| Bocal ac«a (Control*)
Children, aged 10-U jc, living and
going to school las* than 1 k* froa a
Pb sa»lt«r, 1.5-2.5 ka fcoa the Pb
saeltar, and in a coral area • ka
ftoa the center of Leoten, Belqioi.
Stndf fas condacted 19 eon after
pollution control eeaanres vere
iipleaented.
Children seeaed in good health.
Pb and Cd eelsiions froa Pb nelter
LEAD; ClDHIOa; HETILS; SHELTERS;
CHILOBH; BLOOD; ORXRI!; FRtTHES;
IRDOSTIIXL BHISSIORS; AIR POILOTTOK;
COHPtB^TIft KflLOaTIOltS; B8LGIOH
Lead vorkers
<1ale volanteera« aged 21 to 63 jr.
LEID; ICTaLS; COPROPORPHTRIXS; OPIJC;
BLOOn: 9LOOD SERDH; PBOTEI
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
ati 207.2. «P 327.* C. BP 17«0 C. It 1.17 » 89 at 1000 C. 1 •• Hg at 970 C. 10 •• Hg at 1160 C
(COITHOEQ)
TISSUE
761
Blood
1601
Blood
1668
Blood
1682
Blood
1716
Blood
BIPOSOSE R09TB
-
aMLTTICIL
BETHOD
US
US
MS
IOBBBP
or CASES
»l 2
b) 30
c| SB
dl 15
«l 21
305
6»
al 7«
b| 73
B1I8B
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given
e) lot given
f) lot given
g) lot given
0.2-S.3 auoles/1
>60 ag/dl
a) 13.1-20.2 ng *
b) 16.3-22.4 ag f
Range of leans
16-51 ag/dl
(NEXT
IBll
a) 69. a ag/100 al
b) 65. « ag/100 ul
c) 73.8 ag/100 el
d) 78.1 ag/100 al
e| 38.0 uj/100 el
lot given
lot given
a| Sat given
b) Rot given
26.9 ag/dl
PIGE)
GBJEJal IIFOII*.ftTIOI
a) Exposure <0.1 yr
b) Sxposere 0.3-0.9 yr
c) exposure 1.0-2.9 yr
d) Exposure >10 yr
e) Controls
Secondary lead saelter corkers
Occupational exposure* <1 yr produced
syaptoia of lead toxiclty including
CIS and 81 abnoraalitles, eascle and
joint pain, and lead colic, deveated
blood lead levels vere accaapanicd by
low heaoglobln and nigh zinc
protopocphyrln values. Long ten
exposure resulted in kidney daeage*
hypertension and peripheral
neuropathy.
HBTM.S! LEO: IKDOSTBTIL POLIOTIOI;
SHEITSRS; BT.OOD
Danish aen occupations lly exposed to
Vb.
orcopwiomi
HaMlDS; "HSOSEKFIT METHODS; BLOOD:
01804109113: flmBOVTBS; OfllaRK;
IOOLTS
Children Kith aneala. 3° of 6«
heeogloblns <11 g/dl, 3 of )R had
aareal serne iron levels.
Patients at Illvaikee Children's
Hospital.
1101; BBSOOLOBIKS; PBOTBTIS;
i-MD; BLOOD s*saa; lino
POISOIT) 9rbae students
Significant correlation of blood Pb
and Pb In exterior dost tracked into
the hoae. Little or no correlation
irith ale Pb, interior dast, food or
•ater. lo correlation with grass
avillnbllltv o' flaking paint.
students, aged 10-1' »r, residents of
KTT>LS; IMD; "t,?oO; DOST; S9TLS;
C'UD'III: »R«mSK»; >*K POllOTIO»:
llTBS UllOTIOJ
Tron vorkers exposed to lead oxide.
loro data available.
Ircn norkecs repairing an elevated
railroad net wort In lev York city.
PROTRT1S; PtOOD; !>CCO»*TTOHl
HIHSOS; <»• TO?K
BEFEEE8CE
Lilis, B.
Fischbein, a.
Eisinger, J.
Blusbecg, u.B.
Dlasond, S.J.
Inderson, R.I.
Foe, «.
Bice, C.
Sarkozi, L.
Son, s.
Selikoff, I.J.
19"»7
'Jrandjean, P.
1970
szoU, P.n.
tngle, C.It.
ItcTntlr*. U.S.
Colicci, k.v.
rischtieln, I.
Lllia, B.
1Q77
-------
Lea4
7(39-92-1
Pb
ktl 201.2, "P 327.* C. BP 17HO C, IP 1.77 •• Rg at 1900 C. 1 •• Hg at 970 C, 10 •• Hg st 1160 C
(CORTIRaED)
TISSDE
1718
Blood
1719
BlOOd
1762
Blood
EXPOSURE ROOTS
Ingestlon
Ingestion
» KM. IT I CM
(IETHOD
Color! set ry
US
us
ROBBER
OP C1SBS
al 57
b] 20
c| 52
41 23
a) 32
b) 70
Cl 10
a) 15
b| 16
c| 12
RANGE
a) Rot given
b) Dot given
c) lot given
d) lot given
a) Rot given
b) Rot given
c) Wot given
r. _ _ _ __
a) 12-29 ug/100 il
b) 30-09 ag/100 il
c) 50-67 ag/100 ml
1E»H
al 93.62 ag«
h| 52.63 ag%
c) 56.07 ug%
i| 98.23 ag%
al 20.5 ag/190 .1
b) HI. 5 ag/100 si
c) 58.7 ag/100 •!
a) Rot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
G»"«Pll. IHF081JTI01'
_
al 'iposed aselter «oricers
h| Sinlter Hackee controls
c) Zxposed liners
d| liner control*
Varkers in lead seeltinq pl«rt *nd
lead iloocs in Brazil.
LeaA poisoning ayiptoes ir. 'expoEed*
and (control* gcoaps. 9ocfliblp
•asking of sraptoia by pacasitosis in
•ajocltv of both groups.
'•xposeil1 and 'controls' had
heioglobin and hesatocrit lewis
helov those considered no rial in
developed areas.
'.HP; K'TIILS; BLOOD; TtlOSTRHL
BOLLDTTOI; (IIIIRG; SAELTFRS; BRUIt;
HOUSTBIU. OISEtSES; 1«T»t POISOIIRG:
IRPWTTIOI
a) 72% orrently or previously ir.
"poor* hoasing
b)
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Fb
ttf 207.2, IIP 327.il C, BP 17aO C, TP 1.77 ea 89 at 1000 C, 1 •• Hg at 970 C, 10 aa Hg at 1160 C
(COIIIIOBD)
TXSSOE
1912
Blood
1913
Blood
ma
Blood
1953
Blood
EXPOSURE BOOTS
ABALTTICAL
METHOD
AAS
AAS
, ,
AAS
IBRBBB
OP CASES
661
a) 37
b) 10
Cl 92
a) 30
b| 32
c) 20
1
BAKE
12-73 09/100 si
a) 19.7-01.1 09/100 al
b) 14.9-27.6 09/100 al
c) 0.7-15.6 09/100 al
a) 5.0-10.2 09/dl
b) 9.0-17.0 ug/dl
c) 10.5-36.5 og/dl
dot appicable
(II KIT
HBAB
lot given
i| 30.1 U9/100 al
b) 21.1 09/100 al
c) 9.0 09/100 al
a) B. 3 og/dl
b) 12.9 ug/dl
c) 26.5 ug/dl
31 ug/100 g
PlfiE)
KEBEBAL IIPOBRATIO*
Children, outpatients in Hontreal,
Canada, aost 3-7 yr old.
HBTALS; LEAD; BLOOD; CBILDBEB; CAKADA
al Children at school < 1 ka froa
saelter
b) Children at school 2.? ka froa
saelter
c) Children at school in rural
nonindustrialized area.
•elgiua children, ages 10-1? yr.
Lead saelter
IHrmS; LEA!); BLOOD; SHELTERS;
?RILDBE»; AnniBSC'STS; 3FLGIOS;
TIDOSTSTAL ABE»S; BOBIL ABEAS
i) Soral population, ilnlaal exposure
b) nc ban duellers, no occupational
exposure
c) Individuals, aoderate occupational
exposure
10 faallies. (parents vlth 1 chill)
froa Tillage north of Tokyo, 10
faallies (parents vlth 1-2 children)
(coi urban Tokyo, 21 lale
lens-aannfactarers In Tokyo.
Mo clinical evidence of Pb poisoning.
cnilDBES; JkPU; OCCOP%T!OB\l
imBDS; ROS\l MIBAS: 1R1UH »ri>«!
\ugust 11T"
oo-yr-old chealcal plant vorker ('ro»
1«r.S to 1°f5| exposeil prlaarlly »o
CdS and selenide dust, soao soluble
?d coapound*. ?atlent treated Cor "'
poisoning In 11K5.
headache, ausclr aches, joint pain.
paronthesla in (ingers. i»po»»nc«'.
significant Height loss.
1114 liver pnlargenn1-. Kith possible
clrrhotlc pattern and calclflei
^ranoloaa on Ic ft lung.
Occupational
1TUS; CADtlCI; LEAD; SELSYI01;
VIK; ntOOD; ORT1IE; FT01"»IS: StTM
PlIinm-IT; OCCOPATIOf AL RAtADDS;
\VlLTi
BEPBREBCE
Hehkeri, K.I.
Boaanovski, ".
Saallbona, B.
1976
Poels, H.
Buchet, J.
Lauverys, P.
Hoberaont, ~.
Bruaux, p.
Claeys-Thoreio, F.
Lafontalne, A.
overschelde, J.T.
1076
vada. 11.
Takeo, K.
lano, T.
Tutsi, o.
Paqahashi, 1.
Seki, H.
1«76
Lerner, s.
Hong, C.O.
Pori^n, r.r.
^o^o
CO
-------
lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
atl 207.2. !IP 327.• C. BP 17*0 C, »P 1.77 .. Bg it 1090 C. 1 » Hg at 970 C, 10 II Rq It 1160 C
(COST HOED)
TISSUE
1962
Blood
2009
Blood
2023
Blood
Birosas* roDTE
...
ARALTTXCAL
RETROD
US
US
ROHB:*
3P CASK
a) 57
bl 51
cl 05
d) 03
el 29
fl 1°
gl I7
hi 50
11 27
31 13
kl 111
11 36
a) 8
nl 7
ol 50
p| 23
gl 11
cl 3
19
5AV.GE
a) Rot given
b) Rot given
c) Rot given
d) Rot given
e) 70-191 ppb
f) 9"'-20<) ppb
g) 123-327 ppb
hi 58-383 ppb
11 05-262 ppb
Jl 108-772 ppb
k| 101-900 ppb
1) Rot given
e) Rot given
nl lot given
o| Sot given
p) Rot given
g) Rot given
r) Rot given
33-68 ng/100 si
(REXT
HEAR
a) 139 ppb
bl 112 ppb
c| 130 ppb
d) 103 ppb
el 119 ppb
fl 155 ppb
ql 1Q6 ppb
hi 1«7 ppb
11 119 ppb
j) *ot given
k| Rat given
11 127 ppb
a) 138 ppb
n) 163 ppb
o) 128 ppb
p) 139 ppb
gl 159 ppb
cl 190 ppb
-,-,.- ^ -,, ,-,„---
Rot given
PAGE)
SrREB»t THroilHTTOV
a) la lei
b) resales not using ocal
contcacsptlves
c) resales using ocal contraceptives
d) Hale students of slsilac age
e) 3-3 re old hospital patients
f) •-« yc old hospital patients
gl 'esldents <' ks fcos secondacy Pb
seelter and aged 2-3 yc
h| Residents 1-2 ks fron secondacy Pb
sseltec and aged 2-3 »r
1| Residents >2 ks fcos secondacy ?J>
sseltec and aged 2-3 yc
Jl lockers, car factocy
k) vorkecs, secondacy ?b sseltec
1) Ronseokiag sales
s) Dale seokers: 1-9 cigacettes/day
a) Hale saokecs: 10-19 eigacettes/day
o) Ronssoklng Ceules
p) >esale saokecs: 1-9 cigacettes/day
4) resale ssokers
10-19 cigacettes/day
cl resale ssokecs: 20 or soce
cigacettes/day
Ditch subjects aged 2 ao oc oldec.
ICTUS; CADRIOR; COPPS1; XBOR; LEAD;
HAROAIESE; tKC: BLOOD; BLOO9 SEB3H;
S90ICIST: OBAt COITBACBPTIVES;
ZJDOSTRIRS; SHELTERS; ADOLTS;
CRILDRER; SEX; RETBERLARDS
Rev lev
MRIESIOR; LEAD; IHC; RETALS; WAGE
ELEBEtTS; DHIKIIG RATES; BLOOD;
BLOOD SEIOB; BE ART: BORES; ORITBO
KUtnOB; CalADA; ORITSD STATES;
TIRLARD
Children ages 13-67 so. Taloes
correlated vith erythrocyte
protoporphyrln bat not vith urinary
ALA, arinary Pb. oc chelatable Pb.
Child cen ID prospective screening
pcogcas at J.r. Hennedy Institute in
1972.
LEAD; LEAD POtSORIRC; RETaLS; SETAL
POISORIR8; COBPABATIVE ETALOITIOKS;
81BTL1RD; BEASOBEBtRT BET BOOS
Azrr.-.t'pcr
del rustllho, ".
Berber. P.r.i.
VibOV3. A.A.C.
1971
Sharcett, «-1.
1977
Chisels, J.J., Jc.
Barrett, 0.3.
Bacclson, B.f.
1975
-------
LMd
7*: 39-92-1
Pb
atB 207.2. BP 327.* C. BP 17W c. »P 1.77 •• Bg it 1000 C, 1 •• 89 «t 970 C, 10 •• Hq at 1160 C
(COBTXBDBD)
TISSUE
2116
Blood
2118
Blood
2142
Blood
EXPOSOBE BOBTE
...
ABALTTICAL
BETBOD
AAS
US
AAS
BOBBBB
OF CASBS
a) 172
b| 199
C) 191
d| 163
e| 19*
f| 89
at S3
b) «5
a) 22
b) 37
B1B6B
a) Bot applicable
b) Bot applicable
c) Bot applicable
d) Bot applicable
e) Bot applicable
f) Bot applicable
a) 10-78 09/100 al
b) Bot given
a) 0.5-1.3 oaal/l
b) 0.6-4.2 oaol/1
/
BBAB
a) 98. 8X
b) 75»
c) 281
d| 261
e) 121
f) 1-2X
a) 26 (SD-11) og/100
Bl
b) 10 (SD-2) og/100
Bl
a) 0. t oaol/1
b) 2.2 osol/1
Median*.
GEBBBIL XBTOBBATXOB
a) n-1.6 ks
b) 1.6-«.0 ka
c) 1.0-10.0 KB
d| 10. 0-2*. 0 ka
e) 2*. 0-32.0 ka
f) Control P2 ka)
Values ace * with 10 og/dl pb oc
higher by distance froe seel tec.
Blood Cd, Sb, and As not coccelated
•1th distance froa saeltar.
Cbildcen living neac a priaary lead
saeltec, and controls, all 1-9 yc of
Bo frank neacologlc abnocaalities in
202 studied.
Fcee erythrocyte pcotopocphycin
coccelated and heaatocrlt negatively
coccelated sltb blood lead. Bo
pathologic necve condactioa
velocities.
lead savltec
t»tD; T9ABO; CBILDRBB; COBPABATIVE
IvlLOlTXOBS: BLOOD; AVSMA;
BBOBOlOQtC RABIFBSTATIOBS
a) Occipationally exposed to Pb
b) Controls
lag ecythcocvta ALl-dehydcatase
invvcsely coccelated «lth blood Pb.
tog ecythcocyte Pcotopocphycin
directly related to blood Pb. Bo
difference eean acinicy ALA, exposed
vecsis controls.
Bork«cs occapatlonally exposed to
leal In a polyvinyl chloride factory
for 3-11 yc. Healthy ooexposed
controls.
Lt»D; JAPA«; OCCUPATIOB.U H»7\3DS;
CO".?*^HTIVS SviLUATtlOllSj ftLOOD;
1ETUS
*) Controls, no kno«n occupational
exposoce
b) occupational exposoce fros 1 ivlg, E.
Beckaann, J.
1978
(BEIT PAGE)
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
n
AtU 207.2, HP 327.» C, BP 1790 C. 7P 1.77 •• Rg at 1000 C. 1 aa Bq at 970 C, 10 mm Hq at 1160 C
(COITIIOED)
TXSSOC
22S8
Blood
2292
Blood
1
2335
Blood
2338
Blood
BIPOSOBE BOOTS
Ingestlon
Injection
Ingestion
ANALYTICAL
!«ETHOD
AAS
BOBBER
Df CASES
•»
1
1
1
BARGE
71-138 llg/100 >1
Mot applicable
a) lot applicable
b) lot applicable
c) lot applicable
d) lot applicable
96-120 09/100 al
(HIT
HEAI
99.7 aq/100 ll
80 og/dl
a) 70 aq/lOO al
b) 11» 19/100 al
c| 79 og/100 ml
1) 72 09/100 «9
108 09/100 al
P»SB)
Gt!»fRli UPOSIATIO*
Ml M4 clinical signs of "b
poisoning.
•aplovee* of ahlp-vrecking yard In
Oat«»>or4, S"«d»n, foe S v*-70 yc,
«9«1 26-K6 yc.
»plqht l»s, abdoelnal pain>
conatlpttlon and/or diarrhea,
(atigtix, ccaaps, roeltinq
OU a teal ship-halls
.inns: t*«D; BLOOD; DIIRE: ADMITS;
nCC1P»TIO»»L H4T1BQS: C\St HISTOPI'S:
SIEDEI
<6 ao old infant admitted to kospltal
In nt city.
Selxicea, llstlennesa, poor feeding,
focal alovlnq and cate ahacp •«»•« in
left po*teco-lateral area a» nhonn by
•lectroencephaloqra*. irritability
Basophlllc atlpplinq of red tlood
cells, elevated free erythcocyte
pcotoporphyrio
Partheanare piteker
IIRtlS: LEAD; BLOOD; I1FAJTS; IK
T05K
a) Tiae of adeiisioa
b) 20 aontlts after adalulon
c) 29 aonthe after Bdalaaion
d| 36 aontke after adaiulon
Black voean aged 46 yr froa Jacaey
City, M
•alse rate of 106/ain, grade II/TI
aldayatolic ejection aacaac, qrand
eal aelxoce
Anaala, Sncepkalopathy, lead
aepbxopathy. vitlliqo and
hyperpiqientatioo of goaa, pile
conjectifae. oteras enlarged wita
flbroayoaata.
Soil
LItO; IBOI; HETALS; BLOOD; BLOOD
SEIOd; LEAD POISOIIIO; lllflia; «E1
JBBSBT; IBHIOU6IC BAIIPESTATIOIS;
IBBfOOS 3TSTI8 DISEASES; ORIK
Patient aged 2« liTing in Britain had
porckaied apkrodialacs froa
BanglndMb.
Constipation, precordlal pain,
generalised pain, colicky loin pain,
nausea, and Toaltlng
Intestinal liens, aideroblastlc
aaeaia
Ipkrodlsiac coapoands
IBAO; HITALS; LEAD POISOIIIC; DITTID
KIIGDOH; BLOOD; QIIR; BLOOD SESOB
E'T^'tfCT
Craeer, K.
Coyer, E.A.
Jaqenbarq, S.
vilson, r.n.
197»
Sitarz, K-t.
1975
Vedeen, H.P.
Balllk. O.K.
Batnaan, ».
Bogdea, J.D.
1978
Brearley, B.L.
Vorsytke, A.H.
1978
-------
7*39-92-1
Pb
»t« 207.2. IIP 327.* c. BP 17*0 C, TP 1.77 •• 89 at 1000 C. 1 •• Bg at 970 C, 10 >• Bq «t 1160 C
(COBTIEOBD)
TISSUE
2*03
Blood
25*5
Blood
KIPOSOIE BOOTE
Inhalation
aULTTXClL
BETBOD
US
»ST
IOBBBB
OP CaSBS
a) 1
b» 1
c| 8*
20
BMGE
^.,-
a) 36-118 og/dl
b) «0-177 ng/dl
c) 00-50 ag/dl
-
70-1*0 09/100 •!
(«EIT
BEII
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
lot given
J,, it.^
P»BB)
GEIBBit IIPOBBlflOl
at Patient 1 admitted to hospital 3
tlees in 11 souths. Baxlsas value
and death followed third adelssloa
b) Patient 2 adaitted to hospital
teice
c) Canadian Indian children
Patients 1 and 2, 1* and 16 yr old
sales, respectively, with history of
freqaent gasoline sniffing, froa
Shaaattasa Indian Fessrvation In
lortheastera (Unitoba, Canada.
Children aged 9-17 yr fros Little
Grand Rapid* Indian reservation in
Eastern Banltoba, Canada, vith
history of saltiple sajor social
problem.
alsorientatlon, treeors, ataxlc gait,
hallucinations, sleeplessness,
hypotension, apnea, fever, cardiac
acrest
Basophilic stippling of SBC'S
Tetraethyl lead
Amis; LEID; saSOtTM; IBan nictlic
CONPODIDS; IM9 COBP03IDS; BLOOD;
mm poisotli?; IUD POISOHMG: osiG
»90SE; CISE BISTOBIBS: WOIBSCMTS:
C1ILDICI; C*»»D»
»inor nenrologlcal anl histo logical
abnormalities noted had little
relation to blood lead levels.
lorVers in lead seelting and refining
plant In DenearX.
1 vlth history of chronic exposure
had colic and high blood lead, and
low henoglobin, plus signs of lead
neuropathy, learological
abnorsalities belov point of
neuropathy, found in •> if 20 »«n.
Sllqht Increase in fibers vlth
paranodal resywllnatlon. Some
internodes of seall dianster.
possibly ear ting onset of prleary
deayelination or of axonal dasagc.
lend smelting and refinitg
»IOOD: 9B<«WK: ti\o; ^WMS:
OCCIPUT ton »i mzMiDS; SMITTRS
BBnBBBCE
Boeckx, B.I.
Postl, B.
Coodin. F.J.
1977
Buchthal. F.
Behse, V.
-------
lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
At» 207.2, HP 327.il c, BP 1740 C, TP 1.77 ae Hg at 1000 c. 1 •• Hg at 970 c, 10 ir Kg at 1160 C
(CO«TI«OED)
TISSUE
26«7
Blood
2648
Blood
2662
Blood
EXPOSURE BO DTE
r- .. , -
Inhalation
1IALTTXCU.
RETBOD
US
Dithixone
HOflBEH
OP CASES
a| lot
given
b) Mot
given
cl dot
given
d| 00-69
el 23
fl 23
215
43
RUMGB
a) 53-74 ng/dl
b) 44-77 ug/dl
c) 21 -43 ug/dl
d) < «0-87 ug/dl
a) leas than 20 to > or •
60 ug/dl
f) less than 20 to > or -
60 ug/dl
47-471 ug/dl
lot git fa
«A»
a) 60 ug/dl
b| 56 ug/dl
cl 35 ug/dl
d| lot given
el 31.9 ug/dl
fl 41.2 ug/dl
lot given
0.21 ppl »«t vt
<3E*F.HAt '•PORSATTCI"
a) firing range 1 Instructors
bl firing rang* 2 Instructor*
c) Firing rang* 3 Instructor*
d) Plrearn Instructors
el Firearms Instructors, after
outdoor training period
f) Flrearis Instructors, after Icdoor
training period
Eiploree* of lav enforcement agencies
In lev York, sean age «0. 3 rr, wan
duration of esplofmnt 6.6 yr.
Headache, dizziness, fatigue.
weakness, nervousness.
hrperlrrltabllitf, and sleep
disturbances. Los* of appetite.
•eight loss, abdoslnal discoifort and
pain.
Firing range
two; occo?rrtn*tL H»Z»RDS: nrus;
CMTRIL lEifOOS STSTCH DISElSfS;
C»STBOHTESTII»I. STSTSR; BIOOD:
P»OTOPOBPHTRI»S ; IN YORK
Levels detected betmen 1966 and
1972. fo correlation, in 47 cases
tested 2-9 yr latex, bet«e«n Pb
poisoning and certain cental traits.
Patients detected through screening
of high risk neighborhoods «b«n 10-12
•o of age (eean-30 BO) Sibling
controls.
18 patients nitti levels above 127
ug/dl Buffered froa voiltlng.
deoisln***. Irritability or atada.
(1BHLS; LE1B; LHD POISOIIIG;
COBPiltTIVE BTalDlTIOeS; lEDBOtOCIC
81HFESTITIOIS; CHItDlEI; IiniTS;
BLOOD; ItLIIOXS
Sose decrease in aean levels with
increasing age.
Samples from autopsies from the
Cincinnati ana (1969-1971] of 46
•hit* lales, tged 20-84 yr. 19
trauaatic deaths, 6 deaths doe to
drags or carbon aonoiide, 21 deaths
doe to eedic«l causes.
Ll»0; amis; BOIBS; ADIPOSE TISSOE;
OBIIB; 80SCLES; IlITBSTIIESi BKIRT;
SKII; BllDDEB; STOBICR; BRall;
TESTES: TBYBOID GtafDS: PBOSMTB;
BLOOD; tDREIU. gtilDS; LOIGS; SPLCEI;
PHCBBJS; KIOIBYS; IIVEB; aOBTa;
aROPSIBS: OHIO; BIOtCCOBOLlTIOl
SEFEHrHCE
rischbeln, 4.
Bice, C.
Sarkozi, L.
Kon, S.H.
Pectroccl, II.
SeliVoff, 1.3.
1979
Sachs. U.K.
Krall, T.
RcCanghran, D. A.
Bosenfeld, I.R.
Youngssith, I.
Gro«e, G.
lazar, B.s.
Bovar, L.
0* council, I.
Payson, B.
1Q7B
cross, s. B.
Pfitzer, E.A.
Yeager, O.B.
Kehoe, B. A.
1975
(IBXT PA6B)
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
»tS 207.2. HP 327. » C. BP 17W C, TP 1.77 •• Rg it 1000 C, 1 •• Hg at 970 C, 10 IS Rg «t 1160 C
(C01TXI08D)
TISSOB
2670
Blood
2675
Blood
2718
Blood
EIPOSOiE SOOTS
Xngestlon
AHLYTXCJkL
HW10D
HOSBBS
OF CaSBS
•I 1
bl 1
c) 56
d| 56
133
BlICB
a) lot applicable
b) lot applicable
c) 10-30 ug/dl
d) 10-32 ug/dl
2.5-52.5 09/100 al
a) lot applicable
b) lot applicable
c) Rot applicable
d) lot applicable
•) lot applicable
f) 21-»9 og/dl
HEM
a) 35 ug/dl
b) 13 ng/dl
c) 17.3 ng/dl
d) 17.2 ag/dl
12. « ag/100 al
96 ug/il
41 ag/dl
26 ag/dl
60 ag/dl
~>2 ug/dl
Ot given
GZBBBIL IIFOSBITIOI
a) 6-«o-old exposed to newsprint
log-burning
b) Bother of 6-eo-old
c) Control infanta 0-6 10 of age
d) Control (others
looe dost lead levels related to
nevsprlnt log-darning.
6-io-old breast-fed baby and nothec.
Control infants and aothers in the
saeo coaannlty.
(larked elevation in ervthrocyte
prophyrln.
Newsprint logs and hand-to-soath
contact
t«T>; lt»D poiSOIIIG; (TO TOBK;
Sinoo; C09P»B»TITK BTitOtTIOIS;
!IIT>LS: SKTlt POISOITIIJ
Ho occupational exposure. Cltf
vorkers had signlCleantlT elevated
blood Pb. Other correlations ar*
preRented.
Realthv donors of transfusion blood
daring Jalv-Septesber of 1°''«.
HBTUS; BLOOD; ^O
a) *oth*r before chelatlon thnrapr
b) Bother after 2 days chelatioa
tnerapr . .
c| ilother at discharge, after
del if err
d) cord blood
e) Infant at 1* days
f) Infant range for 3-11 so «ith 2
period* of chelatlon therapy
Unborn f*aalv and hvr 17-yr-old
•other «ho had eaten paint chips
lacing th« last sonths of pregnancy
lother: pain in lover aitreaitl**
for 3 «k. Alaqnosls of lead
poisoning.
lothir: sose basophllic stippling of
PBCS
Tnfant: bone *nd TtIC signs c*
pl°vV90B«; tMIOTZC '1010;
BlOOt>: PtC«; B
HEFEBEICB
Perkins, K.c.
oski. F.X.
1976
Hencel. S.J.
Thorp, R.H.
Tlapo. >.l.
»aln, J.S.
Casallno, I.e.
Tacvogl-l, ».',.
10T>
-------
Lead
•"139-92-1
Pb
»t« 207.2, HP 327.11 -.. at 17BO C, ?P 1.77 » Hg it 1000 C, 1 II Hg at 970 C, 10 aa Hq at 1160 C
(COITIXOED)
TISSOB
!769
773
llooa
816
load
FlPOStJP' POOTE
Ingestion
m
-
Derail
AHALTtlCAL"
RETROD
AAS
AAS
HHHBES
OF CASK
96
al 3
b) 36
c| 22
dl 1
a) 10
bl 9
RANGE
> 0.5 og/g
a) 20-34 09/100 cc
b) «3-87 og/100 cc
c) SB-108 ug/100 cc
d) lot applicable
a) 10-25 09/100 el
b) 11-70 09/100 si
(I BIT
1E»H
Rot given
a) 28.6 og/100 cc
b) 57.1 ng/100 cc
c) 78.2 og/100 cc
d| 235.2 ug/100 cc
al 16.0 09/100 el
ta) 28.22 og/100 si
%
PAGE)
r-imi -HFORBATIO"
Levels In <" of 705 children
5 urn? red.
Children In a ran-do«n area •>'
Boston.
Lend toxlclty noted. Central nervoos
systeas effects: hyperactlvlty.
behavior probleas, loarnlng
disabilities.
Paint and plaster
L«AO; TTTALS; CmDRBW: BLOOD;
IEOBOL1GIC tU'IFeSTATIOWS;
BIOACCOROLATtOII; QBBII ABBAS;
1BBITIOS PISOSPEBS; HASSACROStTTS
*| Administrators, laboratory
technician (air levels, 11.9-17.0
og/e)
b) Horkers: maintenance, loading.
kitchen, battery assembling S
sealing, grid sselting 6 casting.
breaking 6 drying of plates.
slscellaneoos (air levels, 23-299
09/e3l
c) Vorkura: drying, breaking *
finishing plates, forsation, airing.
ponder preparation, oven sselting.
pasting S drying, oxide fabrication
(air levels, 266-1315 og/a3)
d) Barker doing odd 1obs, soee
evenings spent in factory.
Batterv factory workers aean age 37. »
(range 19-65), seen seniority ">.o yr
(range 1 so-26 yrl .
fatigue, headache, abdominal cramps.
loss of appetite, or nausea reported
by 13/26 eorkers "ith blood Pb levels
of 20-S<> og/100 cc and by 23/35
workers «lth levels of 60* og/100 cc.
Battery plant
HBTALS; LIAD; BLOOD; BIOaCCOBDLATTOI;
ORAL POISOIIIQ; OCCOPITIOIAL
BIZABDS; TIOB3TBIAL ATHOSPBSBES;
ISRAIL
at Ion-exposed
b) exposed
Difference betveen groups *as
significant.
Bsployees of I.V. SIDHiR ate el plant
In Ghent, Belgium.
lead naphthenate
URALS; LEAD; BLOOD; OCCOPATIOIAL
BAZARDS; BELOIOH
~3»f?ani«ci!~" "
Pueschel, S.r.
ma
rlchter, t.o.
yaffe, y.
Groener, V.
H^o
van Pe teg hem, t.B.
deVos, B.
197«
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
AtS 207.2. HP 327.* C. BP 17M C, TP 1.77 mm Bg at 1000 C, 1 •• Bg at 970 C, 10 •• Bg at 1160 C
CCORTIROBD)
TISSUE
2889
Blood
2951
Blood
2 «63
Blood
2965
Blood
2985
Blood
EXPOSURE BOOTE
______
AIALTTICAL
HETROD
Dlthl-one
AAS
AAS
ROBBER
OF CASES
a) 23
b) 42
cl 35
dl 23
30
12.000
a| 81
b) 130
BARGE
a} Rot given
b) Rot given
c) Rot given
d) Rot given
'
29-98 ag/100 al
a) Rot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
a) Rot given
b) Rot given
I
I
REAI
a) 7*. 5 * or - 26
ag/100 si
b) 52.8 » or - 21
ag/100 al
c) 41.0 » or - 12
ag/100 al
d) 23.0 » ac - 14
ag/100 al
53. 5? ag/100 al
a) >60 ag/100 >1
b) 135 ag/100 al
c) 86 ag/100 el
a) 0.91 ' or - O.T>
ug/g
b) 0.58 » DC - 0.13
aq/g
GEIERAL TRFOB-IATIOR
a) pb-poisoned workers
b) Sorters with aoderately increased
Pb absorption
c) lorkers vith slightly increased Pb
absorption
d) Rockers with physiologic Pb
absorption, polluted environeent
Rroaps established on the basis of
workers' coaplalnts, clinical
exaai nation and tozicological tests.
•orkers eeployed 1-23 yr in a
Hungarian storage battery plant.
Rone of the cases of chronic Pb
poisoning investigated had seven*
syeptoas of colic or encephalopathy.
Storage battery plant
1RTIL3; LEAD; BLOOD; OBIRE;
OCCO'ATIORAL B-S1BD3; COHPXSATIY!
BfALOATIOIS; SSX; BOSBABT
*evlev
•
BETTER; LEAD: URAL POISOIIIG;
•:II-LDS-»: IROOSTBISL EHISSIOSS;
PAIRtS; ROTBITIORAL DISOBDBBS; WE:
KETVLS; BLOOD
tdilts (2*-62 yr| working in
refining, catting or velding of Pb,
leu Jersey.
ICTUS; .WO; BLOOD; OMUE;
OCCQPATTORAL HASASOS; R8V JS5SFT
a) Lewis In 1 of 4 children tested
prior to aass screening and In ? of
109 daring nass screening
b) syaptosatic children on adaission
orlor to aass screening
c) Syaptoaatlc children on adaimion
daring lass screening
children la tevark, RJ. lean age 1
yr 'or syaotoaatic children, K yr for
asriptoaatlc daring aass screening
period. °0' blacks. Absence of aass
screening 1af7-49, cass screen Ini
froi 1970.
imus; LS»D; HLono; fir ?i:<;o•) Fetal
tier «t basis, laternal levels
elevated by factor of 2-3 In lato
nnt>iin M>d early "Inter.
Samples froa 4 hospitals in
»asb»llle. T».
PH"F«7»; 1ETALS; T8ACE BIBIFRTS:
TBVICSS^B: 9LOOD* "\T°* C^*1°AP\TIV1<
KfALUATtaHS; IfPCTST: LEAD; CA01ID1:
SII'IIM; POP'nTOI; T-Q«I; ZT»Tj
.on»Lr
BEP5REKCE
„ -
Lancranjan. I.
Popesca, B.I.
Gavanesca. 0.
Klepsch, I.
Serbanesca. n.
1975
Hccabe, E.B.
1979
Titale, L.P.
Joselo*. n.i.
Hedeea. R.P-
Pa«lo«, "•
19-5
ero»dec, A.
Joselav* a.*t.
Loaria, D.r.
Lavenhar, ".
Foster. J-
1Q"»B
Schalert. J.
Wilson, 0.
lars^ii, K.
Fnnsiar) 1.
Schaffnpr. ».
»off»an, L.
DavieSf j.
1074
J " tR.IT PAGB1
-------
Lead
7H39-92-1
Pb
At8 20''.2. HP 327.1 c, UP 17110 C, 7F 1.77 nn Kg at 1000 C, 1 11 Sg at 970 c, 10 >n Hg at 1160 C
(COHTIBOED)
TISSUE 1 EXPOSBRE BOOTS
!99»
31ood
Blood
Blood
3161
Hood
.
.•
Ingestion
ANALYTICAL
SETHOD
MS
B0.13BR
DP CASES
a) 73
b) 36
.
b| 20
cl 100
d) 22 •
'
b| 69
cl 162
a| 56
b> 60
c) 50
d| 50
"
RANGE
_
a) 0-68.5 ug/100 »1
b) 0-7.5 ug/10.0 «1
'
b) Not given
c) Sot given
d) 2U-82 ug/100 ml
than »0 ug/100 ml
b) less than 30 - greater
than 10 ug/100 ml
c) less than 30 - greater
than »0 ug/100 ml
a) 0.9-3.3 umol/1
b) 1.0-3.2 unol/1
c) 0.3-2.0 umol/1
d) 0.1-2.2 uBOl/1
1EAN
al 18.0 t or - 12.9
ug/100 ml
b) 1. 0 ug/100 nl
.
ug/100 «1
b) 70 » or - 10.6
ug/100 nl
ng/100 nl
d) 06.0 » or - 11.9
ug/130 nl-
.
b) 26 ug/100 nl
c) 2» ug/100 nl
-
'
1.9 umol/1
1.9 uiaol/1
0.7 unol/l
0.8 umol/1
_
GESSRAL TSPOP.aftTIOV
. - .
a) Occupational!? exposed
h) Controls
Borders exposed to Pb 2-15 yr in a
polv»iny 1 chloride factory. Controls
without occupational exposure.
Host froav stabilizing agents in
polyrinyl chloride factory
LE^3;- MBTRLS; JUPfc*; OCCDPJLTIOUAL
!T^Z»RDS; BLOOD; 03IHE; flBASUBESEBT
METHODS; CO!!?A5*TIVB EVAHIATIOSS;
EStTHES; SDOLTS
treat-Rent with zinc and vitaiin C
b> Occaoationally exposed battery
workers, before treatment with zinc
c) Controls
d) Storage battery workers after 21
wttr tre*t»ent with zinc and vitanin c
Hortcers, aged 28 - 60 yr, eaployed at
a- battery plant fro* * - 34 yr.- 100
controls with no known Pb exposure.
LEAD; ZISC; COPPER; R»TiLS; TRUCE
ELEMENTS; BLOOD; BLOOD SER01; IROH;
REHOGLOBISS; URIHE; , DIETS ; TITAHIH C
• " " ' -i'f.- ' r ' '
b) Von-farmworker children, -Bedicaid
enrol lei
c| ?ion-fariiworker children, not
Sedicaid enrolled
Levels in famworker boys have higher
ml, respectively)
BLOOD; CHILDREN; FAR*S; LEAD; HEW
YORK
a) Adalt females in houses with lead
water pipes
b) Children- in houses with lead water
pipes
copner .water pipes
d) Children in 'houses with copper
water , pipes -. ^ -
Levels fell to .nornal within 6 nonths
Lead pipes . .
BLOOD; CHILDREN; DEIUKIBG WATER;
ADULTS; COPPER: LEAD; UNITED KISGDOn
REFERENCE
Tonov.uni, K.
1179
Sohler, A.
Pfeiffer, C.:.
1078
•
Herfcens, n.J.
1979
Thomas, H.F.
Elwood, p.c.
selsby, E.
St. Leger, A.S.
(NEXT PAGE!
-------
Lead
7H39-92-1
Pb
it! 207.2, »P 327.« C, BP 1710 C, VP 1.77 n Hg at 1000 C, 1 II Bg at 970 C, 10 mi Hg at 1160 C
(COHTIHOED)
TISSBE
looa
163
jlood
:•
-
Jlood
-
835
Jlood,
-ells
955
Jlood,
-ells
EXPOSURE EOOTE
Inhalation
'
.
ANALYTICAL
I1ETHOD
'
AAS
'
'
•
_ _
AAS i
-
•
.
'"
HUHBBB
OP CASES
•
1
.
al 23
b| 52
c| 23
d) 52
PAHGE
*
'
'
-
a) Not applicable
b) Not applicable
a) Hot given
b) Hot given
c) Hot given
d) Not given
'
(8EXT
HE4B
a) 67 ug/100 ml
b) HO ug/100 ml
a) 26.0 ug/100 ml
b) 26.7 ug/100 ml
c) 25.0 ug/100 ml
d) 25.7 ug/100 ml
PASE)
GEHEHAL INFOBBATIOH
grouping 'by age, sex, and blood
glucose-6-POi* dehydrogenase status.
Peaks at 1-3 yr of age (29.1 ag/100
nit and 6 yr (28.1 ug/100 al).
Effects of other variables assessed.
Placfc children of South Philadelphia
exanined fron July 1972 to March 1973
at the Children's Hospital.
Significant depression of hematocrit
. and heaoglobin with increasing blood
" lead in the 1-3 yr olds only.
LEAD; PENNSYLVANIA; CHILDREN; BLOOD;
PETALS; HEMOGLOBINS; PACIAL STUDIES;
SET; ASE; ENZYKES; O^BAN ABSAS
a) While lead-base-painted vood .was
burned for heat
b) .After chelation therapy, and
cessation of burning of painted wood
5 yr old white male
do syoptoms of lead poisoning
Burning of lead-base-painted wood for
heat
. IEAD; BLOOD; CHILDREN'; 3ET\LS;- PAINTS
.
• screening tests suggested excessive
bod? burdens. Two hospitalized with
lead colic. -• Exposure; 3-6 yr. Ages
28-50 yr. ' • . -
Two sublects: lead colic
• 3 subjects: ':. precl inical Pb
nephropathy.
occupational Pb exposure
L*4D; H3TALS.; »!?TAL POISOHI8G;. LEAD.
POISOVI1G; .3LPOT1; OEIME; OCCUPATIOHAL
H4ZA8DS; MINEHAX !1BTHBOLTS,H
aT "Bothers;- «rbar.
b) Mothers, rural
Mothers and newborn in , Italy, -23
pairs in Pavia, and 52 pairs in rural
areas.
LEAD; 1"??ALS; ^EW^ORS; BLOOD; ITALY;
OSBTLTCAL CORD; COHP'RATIVE
FVALUATIOHS
-
Review
P7VTEU; PETALS; LEAD; HEALTH EAZAPDS;
CHILDPF1!; ADOLTS; HETAL TOXICITY;
flE?*POL!T?S ; ^LOOD PL & SI A ; 9LOOD
S5S'Jf; 90HFS; OPT^E; A0701OTIVB;
SRYTHSOCYTES; 3LOOD; HAIR; NATL.S;
SSLTVA
SEPEBENCE
197* -
De Castro, F. j.
Lazzara, J.
Eolfe, D.T.
Engeler, E.
HaesaVfi, J.K.
Lipat, G. A.
Lyons, "!.S.
Vitale, L.F.
Joselow, H. n.
•
_
Cavalleri, J.
«inoia, C.
Pozzoli, L.
Dolatti, f.
Bolis, P.?.
1978
„
Posner, H.S.
1977
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
It* 207.2, HP 327.• C, BP 17«0 c, TP 1.77 •• Rg at 1000 C. 1 » flq at 970 c, 10 •• Hg at 1160 C
(COITIRdED)
TISSUE
2993
Blood,
cells
762
Blood,
fetal
763
Blood,
plaasa
76»
Blood,
plassa
EIPOSDRE R09TB
..
.
ARkLTTICAL
KETROD
US
„
US
us
us
lOHBBB
OP CIStS
al 00
b| 25
c| 23
253
165
a) 30
b| 31
c| 17
dl 12
RMIGt
a) 11.5-11.8 ag/100 ml
b) Rot given
c) Rot given
a) Rot given
b) Rot given
c) lot given
a) Rot given
b) Rot given
c) Rot given
a| 0.3-0.9 ag/100 si
b) 0.2-1.3 ag/100 si
c) 0.7-1 ag/100 si
d) 0.2-12.0 ag/100 si
HEIR
a) 23.61 ag/100 al
b) ai.6 » or - 2.5
ag/100 el
c) 29.5 » or - 2.8
ag/130 si
al 1.6 ag/100 g
b) 11.2 ag/100 g
c) 17.5 ag/100 g
a) 3. 10 ag/100 al
b) 3.0 ag/100 si
c) 3. 10 ag/100 si
a| 0.51 ag/100 si
b) 0.61 ag/100 si
c) 1.69 ag/100 si
d) 1.12 ag/100 si
GEHERtL THfOyUTIOl
a) High school students ages 11-11 yr
b) M.«c1l aales and fees lex ages 10-11
yr In school adjacent to a battery
plant
c) alack aales ages 12-16 yr In
schools not near battery plant.
LB»D; 1TML5; BLOOD; BLOOD PUSH;
BBTTHR3rtTSS; "OHPmTXVe
ETM.01TIOIS; »OOLBSC!RTS
a) Ters pregnancies
b) Ters pregnancies with pro sat are
sesbrane raptare
cl Pretere delivery
all sabjects lived in lead-belt area.
lore data available.
Incidence of presatare delivery
13. OH in lead belt region as
cospared to 3< in control region.
air pollition fros lead sselters
LEIO; BBTaLS; BLOOD SBIOB; PBBGRIRCT;
PBTDS; (BOP.TIOR; flI*X*G; 1ISSOOBI;
POPOLkTIOl 8ZPOSORE; OBBILICU. CORD;
PLftCRBTft
a) Ondae exposure
b| Rewbora
cl Controls
Talaes did not differ significantly
fros those of controls.
Sose patients vith encephalopathy
eere Inc laded in groaps of children
nith lead intoxication and sickle
cell disease.
CBILDBBI; IBVBORR; LEAD; HETUS;
BLOOD; EinBlOCTTES: BLOOD PlaSBa;
CILCIOH
a| 10-20 ng/100 al
b| 21-10 ag/100 si
c| 11-80 ag/100 si
d) >«o ag/100 si
Hethod senaitirlty-0.2 ag/100 si
plassa
61 hospi tallied subjects — no prevloas
exposare
29 sabjects with history of
occupational exposare, so as of »hich
showed severe syaptoas of
Intoxication
IBID; BLOOD; BLOOD PLaSHa;
OCCOPkTIOIkL BaCkRDS: OR1RB; BBTkLS;
CILIPORRIlt
""EB'prp
(ngle, C.P.
KcTPtlre, U.S.
Tahla, !1.S.
rahia. Z.
Rail, D."..
1976
Rosen, J. P.
Trinidad, E.E.
197S
Caralleri, a.
Binoia, C.
POXTOli, L.
Barafflnl. I.
197B
(•BIT PiOB)
-------
Mad
7*39-92-1
Fb
EM 207.2. BP 327.* C. BP 1740 C, TP 1.77 mm Bg it 1000 C, 1 •• Bg at 970 C, 10 •• Bg at 1160 C
(COITIIOED)
TXSSOB
183*
Blood.
plasaa
1957
Blood,
plasaa
295*
Blood.
plasaa
2992
Blood,
plama
2953
Blood,
BXPOSOBB IOBTB
Derail
IIILTTICIL
RBTBOD
US
IIS
, ..
IIS
ROBBER
OP CISBS
a) 23
b) 52
c| 23
d| 52
a| 69
b) 35
«0
URGE
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) Rot given
d) lot given
a) lot given
b) lot given
4.S-7.2 ag/100 el
(•MT
BEII
a) 0.75 ag/100 •!
b) 0.63 ag/100 al
c) 0.62 ag/100 el
d) 0.62 ag/100 al
a) 3. a ag/100 al
b) 3.6 ag/100 el
lot given
PISE)
GEIBUL XIFORIIITXOR
a) totters, urban
b) Bothers, rural
c) Renborn, urban
d) Reuborn, rural
Rotters and nenbore in Italy, 23
pairs in Pavia, and 52 pairs in raral
areas.
LEaD; HETILS; HBIBOBI; BLOOD; ITILT;
OHBILICIL COID; COIPIRITIVB
BTILOITIORS
a) (orders at Pb saelter, eeployed at
least 1 yr
b) Controls
Cd levels within noraal Halts.
Baployees froa secondary Pb seelter
and controls froa nearby 11
processing plant in Southern
California.
Industrial
"ETILS; IRSERIC; IBID; BLOOD; BLOOD
FlISRI; RIIR; COBPIRITm
EVILOITIORS; REIRIie; ICTBOLOGIC
RtlTFESTITIORS; OCCOPITIORIL H1ZXSDS;
IRDOSTRICS; SHELTERS; CILIFOPJII
Cavie.
•BTIEI; HETILS; LEIO; RB1LTH HIXIRDS;
CBILDSRR; IDOLTS; 3FT»t TOIICITT;
BRIBOltTtS; BLOOD PL1SRI; BLOOD
SIHUB; BOIES; OSIKF; IOTOHOTITB;
ERTTRBOCTTES; BLOOD: HII?; RIILS;
SILTfl
Rigb school students ages 1*-18 Tr
L«D; HniLS; BLOOD; BLOOD P1ISM;
ERTTRROCTT'S; COHPIHITIVB
1VILOITI9RS; IDOLBSCMTS
Revie*
REfTBV; irT»LS; LEID; RE1LTH RIU99S;
CRILDPB1; IDOLTS: HBTIL tOXlCITY;
RRTIROLITPS; BLOOD PLISM; BLOOD
SERIfS; BOIES) RRIIE; DOTOifOTIVE;
RRTI>>ROCtTBS; HOOD; HITB; RITLS;
SILTVt
REFElEirE
Cavalleri. I.
Rinoia. C.
Poxzoli, L.
Polattl. t.
Bolis. P.P.
1978
Baloh, R.I.
Spivey, 6.R.
Broun, C.P.
Rorgan, D.
Caapion, D.s.
Brovdy, B.L.
Valentine. J.I.
Gonick. B.C.
Rassay, F.J.
Culver, B.D.
1979
Posner, U.S.
1977
ingle, c.n.
Cclntlre, s.s.
197«
Posner, R.s.
1977
-------
Lead
7»39-92-1
Pb
At! 207.2. DP 327.* C, BP 17ao C, fP 1.77 » Hg at 1DOO C. 1 ae Hg at 970 C. 10 •• Hg at 1160 C
(CO»TIII(JBD|
tlSSOE
765
Blood.
•hole
.
766
Blood.
• hole
767
Blood,
uhole
768
BlOOd,
ehole
EXPOSURE 80DTE
,.
Ingest ion
Inhalation
Inhalation
AIALYTICAL
1BTHOO
US
APDC-HIBK
AAS
us
us
IQHBBt
or CISES
1690
320
10 1». 258
con tcol s
a) 15
b) 12
c| 7
RAIGE
2-225 ag/dl
0-86 og/100 •!
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) Rot given
d) lot given
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
(IBM
35. 2 ug/41
36 ag/100 al
a) 16. 3» ag/100 al
b) 16.36 ag/100 al
c| 21.0* ag/100 ml
d) 16.56 ag/100 el
a| 70 ag/100 al
b) 68 ag/100 Bl
c) 76 ag/100 •!
GE1PRAL IIPO?IIJ1TI31
flocks had higher blood Pb than
vhites
People fro* out state areas shoved
higher aean Pb than those in urban or
sabnrban areas. Contamination of
saiples during storage nay explain
elevated levels, lo complete trace
•etal exposure data foe stated areas
of residence.
Military recroits froa Chicago,
Illinois and adjacent areas in
Illinois and Indiana indacted betveen
Jane 2° and July 10, 1969
BLOOD: CADHIOJ; COPPER; LEAD; ZIIC;
1ETALS; AGE; S10KIIG; TOB1CCCS;
DIETS; ILLIIPIS; IIDIAIA; P.ACIAL
StODIBS
lo correlation betveen the Pb and Tl.
children betveen the ages of 1 and 5
years, predominantly black and
Spanish-speaking residents of "evark.
IJ. 320 blood sasples collected over
a »-ye«r period, (1971-197*).
BLOOD; TH»LLIOB; LHO; CBILDBEI;
•ilOUCCniOlATIOII; URALS; IE« JERSEY
a) Leal seelter toiins
b) Copper seelter tovns
c) Zinc sselter tovns
d) Controls
Sasples fros children living In 19
tovns vith prieary non-ferrous
shelters. Control groep of sale ages
in three coaaanities vithoat
seelters.
rev children had blood levels high
enoiga to be associated vith
hesatologic or nearologlc toxicity.
Stack esissioas
MSNIC; IE»0; CaDHIOR; H»IR; OHIIE;
BLOOD; ERrTBROCIIES; SHELTERS;
COPPER; tllC; CHILD8EI; POPOL1TIOI
EXPOS DIE; DBTtLS; »IS POLLOT1OI;
• ITBS POLLOTIOI; IE* HEXICO;
HISSOORI; IIRZOII; BOHHH;
TEIIESSEE; IEVID1; HICHIGH;
OKLkRORk; TEXAS; PEIISTLVtII*
__
•
a) Pain for >3 so
b) Pain subsided in 3 ao
c) lo pain
Oaration of abdosinal pain (lead
colic)
•orkers in a secondary saelter vho
vere treated for lead poisoning
betveen Jaen 1973 C Decesber 1975.
Sean eaployeent tlae ».7 yrs. (0.5-23
yrs).
Blood Pb in workers should not veceed
50 ag/100 si to slnislze illness.
LEAD; BLOOD; OSIIE; OCCOPkTIOIkL
BAZIRDS; BETALS; CALIPORIIA
1 »f;r»RB»rr
1
Creason, J.P.
Haaser, O.r.
Colacci, A.T.
Prlester, L.
Davis, J.
1976
Singh, a. P.
Bogden, J.D.
Joselov, B..1.
1975
Paker, E.L., Jr.
Bayes, c.G.
Landrigan, ?. J.
Bandke, J.L.
Leger, R.I.
Bousevorth. v.j.
Harrington, J. ti.
1977
Dahlgren, J.
1978
(IEXT PAGE)
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
atl 207.2, HP 327.4 C, BP mo C. TP 1.77 •• Bg at 1000 C. 1 •• 89 at 970 C, 10 •• Hg at 1160 C
(COITIIDBD)
TISSUE
769
Bloat.
•hole
:
770
Blood,
•hole
771
BlOOS,
(hole
EXPOSURE BOOTB
, Ingestion
•
"
lULTTIClL
8ETHOD
A1S
US
•
I
i
MS
IDSBEB
OF CISES
a) 211
b) 228
c) 12«
d| 89
502
a) «0
b) 35
cl «9
BalGE
a) 1«. 6-19.0 ag/100 al
b) 11.5-11.8 og/100 al
c) U. 2-19.0 og/100 al
d) ia. 1-16.5 ng/100 al
a} lot given
b) lot given
c) lot gl»an
.. ..
a) 17-29 aj/dl
b) 30-59 ug/dl
c) 60-160 og/dl
RBkl
a) 15.3 ag/100 al
b) 12.5 09/100 al
c| 17.7 09/100 al
d) 16.2 09/100 al
a) 1*.3 09/100 9
b) 25.6 09/100 9
c) 29.1 09/100 g
al 23 ag/dl
b) «8 ug/dl
cl 8« ag/dl
GEIEML IITORRlTIOl
a) Units-sales
b) Idolte-Ceaalee
c) Calldren-eales
d) Children-resales
lead Bolder in electric kettles
LEU); CftlaOl; CHTLOB*E; 1 DOLTS;
BLOOD; JIBTaLS
a) Hatacaal, t*ca prvgnancr
b) iat«cnal tar a with pcaaatorc
•••bran* raptor*
cl Maternal, pr*t«ra
»11 a«bj«ct» !!*• In lead belt area.
Saaplea fro» 2«9 pceqnaot «oaen In
legion I with no lead lining activity
and 253 In Beglon II 30-50 eilea vest
of the ne« lead belt area. Patients
•ere 20-21 years of age. bad resided
In their respective regions for
•tlrast 10 years and had incoaes of
«1000-10.000 a year.
Increased incidence of early aeabrane
raptor* daring pregnancy
llkD; 18TU.S: BLOOD: FETOS;
P^P-.I»«CT; IB08TIOI; RTIIIG;
?OPnL»TT01 BXPOSOB*; 1ISSOOBI; BLOOD
srans; mniLiciL COBD-. PI.ICEIT*
at rontrols, blood Pb 29 ag/dl or
l«M
b) Plosd rb 30-S9 ag/dl
c) Qlood Ph SO ag/dl or higher
Sasples (ro* Black or Puerto Rican
childrvn In the Bronx. Hg*a ranged
froa 1 to * y*ars. til vere seer, at
Sontefior* hospital and Sod leal
r*nt*r between I"7! nr.t 19T>.
*o aetaholic bone disease observed.
Lttn; •>ET»tS; curio"; niitBM.
ir^BOlIS"? RT!>10XTCHOLSC»ICIP«S-»LS;
TITtilTI D; JOTSTTTOIaL OEriCISKClES;
cHiLns»»; aiooo; in YO»K: BLOOD
^•sn»
REFEBBICE
ilgle, D.T.
Charlebois. K.J.
1978
rahia, U.S.
rahia, I.
Ball, D.C.
1976
Sorrell, s.
fiosen, J. p.
?o]irsky, i.
1077
Ol
(1BIT
-------
lead
7»39-92-l
»« 207.2, a? 327.1 C, BP 1700 C. It 1.77 •• Hq it 1000 C, 1 » Hg at 970 C, 10 •• Rg at 1160 C
(COSTI1DBD)
TISSUE
712
Blood,
•hole
773
Blood,
•hole
MPosnsi ROOT!
inhalation
ammcai
RETROD
us
HOHBBS
or c»sss
a) 216
b| 106
c| 32
d| 13
e| 16
f) 0"
g| 31
Controls
h| 23
Controls
al 37
b| «B
H»»GS
a) 2.0-125 ag/100 .1
b) 11.0-125 ag/100 >1
c) 5.0-7B uq/100 ml
d) 2.1-89.0 ug/100 •!
e) 8.1-97.5 ug/100 «1
f) 13.0-92.5 ag/100 «1
q) 11.5-16.0 ug/100 nl
h) 2.5-3:.0 ug/100 il
a) Mot giTen
b) Not giTen
(HEXT
inn
>) ug.B ug/100 «1
bl ua.6 ag/100 *1
cl 19.0 ug/100 Hi
d) 38.? ug/100 •!
e) 12.8 ug/100 »1
f) 12.0 ag/100 •!
q) 23. •! ug/100 «1
h) 12. 1 ug/100 si
a) 1.3 aiola/1
b| a.2 nsola/1
_, ™
PAGE)
G»ll»P»t ItFORI|«Tinv
a) HI aitovorkeca, 16-6B rr
b) nechanlcs, 1'-68 jc
c) Apprentice lechanics, 16-25 yr
d) Smiths am »eld«rs, 22-63 yr
e) "ainters. 16-65 ji
f) Dlscellaneoas workers, 1^-60 yr
q) controls, mle, 21-71 yr
b) Controls, fei«l«, 21-73 yr
Control data fro* prvflons study.
Blood biocb«mical, and ledical data
cocparad.
Saipl«s ton 216 Lndlrldaals vockinq
in 10 qaragas (aatovorksnops) oa the
island of Fawn, SennarV.
Abnorial heaatoloqical (Indlngs, high
blood prassara in lachanlcs.
Paint*rs> syapto«s related to the
nervous systei. Tar ions other health
ClndiogBnere giddiness, headaches.
treior in hands, daily stoiach pain,
rash on hands and aris, fash on face.
and rheonatic pain.
Hypertension
Hatoiobila eihaust gas, paints, lead
given off in process of nelding, and
iwd-containing grease and gasoline.
Lead in: triothyl ).ead, tetra«thrl
lead, lead naphthenate.
LB»D; LE»D POISOIIHO: occupations.
Diseases; I»DBSTBI»I POLLOTIOR;
D»9tBK; tOBBICMTS; LBID COBPODIDS;
COflPaSATTfE BTaiOtTIOIS: HBTUS;
• OTOBOTIfB; BLOOD
al Controls
b) Sx posed subjects
»t pb concentrations of 2 or (ore
aiole/1 and errthrocyte aLI.C
actlTity of less than IS mole »U
utUised/iin/ilBBC, haae synthesis is
depressed, thus inducing tH.S
actifity.
18 sale lead poisoned sabjacts, 22-56
yr. 37 controls (28 sale. 9 fesala).
18-52 rr.
1 UO; SET»tS: 9ETIBOI.ISH:
OCCOPATIOHiL 11Z«BDS; BKTHBS; UOOD;
OBIiE; EBITHBOCIIES; 1IDKOC t TBS ;
BESES
JP»rsf»'r>-
Claisen, J.
Pastoqi. S.~.
1077,
Rareditb, P.*.
Roore, H. B.
Caspbell, B.C.
Thoipson, e.g.
Goldberg, ».
1978
-------
lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
atl 207.2, HP 327.* C, BP 17«0 C, VP 1.77 is Hg at 1000 C, 1 •• Rg at 9*>0 C. 10 • • Hg at 1160 C
(COITIHVEOI
EIPOSOBE RODTBXilltTICXl
8PIHOD
TISSUE
77»
BlOOd,
(hole
775
BlOOl,
•hole
Blood,
• hole
••77
Blood,
whole
Ingestion
RDHBBR
OP ClStS
a) 1
bl 1
c| 1
41 1
a) 5
b) 5
o| 1
a) 2101
bl 1562
c| 263
HUGE
a) «3-57 ag/dl
b) 17-50 ag/dl
C) 87-60 ug/dl
d) 19-70 og/dl
a) 7.2-11.a ag/100 q
b) 10.s-21.7 ag/100 g
c) lot applicable
lot applicable
a) <»0 ag/100 il
b) W-55 ag/100 «1
c) > or, * 60 ag/100
al lot given
b) 'lot given
cj list given
d) lot given
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) 7.6 ag/100
TO ag/81
a) lot
b| «3t
c| !m
GBIBML TIFOBHkTIOl
a) Bother, pre-natal exposure (5
•on tha)
b) nothec. after expoaaca (2 lontha).
before birth of child
c) Bother, daring lactation (8
•ontha)
d) Child, valaes decreased rapidly to
28 ng/dl daring first 2 lonths froa
initial high nlM, then decreased
•lovlv daring next 6 aonths to 19
ng/dl
Valaes estliated froa graph. Tiae
given in tenths fros birth.
Saipl.es fros Bother »ho had been
eiploved bv a aanafactarer of
electrical storage batteries until
seven weeks before delivery-
Realthv babf vas breast-fed 9 1/2 eo
LEAD; 1ET»LS: OCCDPHTI01HL RkKtSDS;
SLOOD; T1F41IS; »DOHS; CkSB
BISTOBI-S
a) Peiales
b) Hales
c) diblllcal cord
Sab-Jects reside in Dallas, Texas.
Two Sooth ttrican sahjects had blood
lead tsotopicallv distinct ftoi
native-born subjects. Sose had high
to soderate exposures to airborne
lead.
T?HTH; \Ta POt LOTTOS; HSTUS;
1IO*CCOSDHTIO»: DXSTS; DBBILICIL
coao
leal level after taking pills
con to In In q 0.5 «q lead per pill (70
Dills per 4nv).
Saaples froe to yr old woman admitted
to Stanford University Hospital.
tneila, diffuse pain, abdosinal pain,
depression, irritability
ITTIL potsomsn; 1ET^ts; cns»
"TSTORTRS; l!»9 POTSOIIRS; BLOOD;
t) •;*.»',. -»2. »t, »2.6^ of children
llvinq >200 ft, 100-200 ft, <100 ft,
respectively, froe lajor roadway
t«| 16. o«, 2«.2\, «<>.3« of children
llvlnq >20H ft, 100-203 ft, <100 ft,
respect irelr. fro* sajor roadvar
c| a. i', T.e*. U of children Uvinq
>2il ft, 101-20.5 ft, <1fln ft,
respectively, fro* as-lnr roadvay.
chlldron, residents of levark.
•easareaents aade at the College of
Medicine and Dentistry of Hew Jersey
! StOOO;
ni«>» VR»VS: VTH jfP
»OTDBOTTT»; >T1 PIltTTTOH
BBFBBEiCE
Kyo, J.E.
Zlegler. B.B.
Foson, s.J.
1978
Ianton, ..1.
1977
I iqhtfoote, J.
"lair, J.
Cohen, J.P.
H77
Caprlo, t:.J.
Rarqulis, ".I.
Joseloi, tl.l.
-
(HEX*
-------
lead
7*19-92-1
Pb
atH JO7. 2, IP 321.* -• 8P n«0 C, vp 1.77 >• Hg at 10no C, 1 • • Hg at fit c, 10 •• Hq *t 11*,i C
rt sios
Blood.
•hole
77«
Blood.
•hot*
780
Blood,
•hole
itT.posD»s ROOTS
MUITTICM.
BBTHOO
US
MOHBEB
T C»S8S
31
a) 10
bl 20
c) 1"
dl 45
a) 22
bl «8
c) 72
d| 32
e) 70
f) 240
gl 260
h| 140
PMO:
0.05-1.6- u»ol/l
a) Hot given
b) Hot given
c) Hot given
d) Hot given
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d) Hot given
e) lot given
f) lot given
g) lot given
h) lot given
J.*5 aaol/1
a) 58.8 uig/dl
c| 45.9 'ig/dl
1) 21. 1 uq/dl
a) 24.0 ag/100 al
bl 33.8 ag/100 el
c) 45.8 ag/100 el
d| 49.9 ag/100 el
e) 52.7 ag/100 el
f) 64.0 ag/100 el
g| 77.7 ag/100 el
hi 55.6 ag/100 si
GEItm IH»0»1»TIO"
Residents near a Tine aine.
Resident* of Shlphae, Soaerest, »hprp
CJ »«i high.. 1* feeales, aged 2f> to
13 vr. 17 sales, agel 15 to 7"1 yr.
Bioon; UHITCD'KIIGDOH; iFT»t
POISOHI*-;; FOOD COITMTHItTTOH
a) Pb encephalopathy
t<) tong-ters Pb exposure
c| Short-ten pb *xposare
d) Ho Pb exposure
Oata froa psychologic and neurologic
ffxasinatloas also available.
Children with lead encephalofathy had
vorse scores In all categories.
ThUdrnn, « to • yr, 45 vitb high
lead levels and 45 controls that vere
uatched for sex, race, and age.
Controls attended neighborhood health
clinics In Providence, Bhode Island
Sysptoss of lead encepaalopathy
include Irritability, droesiness.
convulsions.
IB>D: t«D PQXSOHTIG; XETILS;
ClItDBEl; BtOOO; BIOKCCOBOLITIOH;
RHODF ISLUHO
•| Feeale clerical vorkera, ted blood
cell (BBC) delta-asinoilevulinic acid
dehydrase (tLtDl activity -22.1
silliunits/el BBC
b| Hale clerical workers and traffic
policesen, aLID activity "17.3
sillinnlts/il BBC
c) Dotorvay toligate attendants, IkLtD
activity • 11.5 ailliunits/al BBC
d) Chronlcaleoholics, ILaD activity -
4.58 aillinnlts/si BBC
e) Recent occupational exposure, »HD
activity =8.7 sillionits/sl BBC
f| Sabclinical intoxication cases.
aUD activity « 1.6 allliunlts/al BBC
h) Previous intoxication, kLID
activity >3.3 ailliunlts/al BBC.
Other data available.
174 subjects in Hi Ian. aged 25-45 yr.
and 710 occnpat lonelly exposed
•orkers.
LBaD; IBTaLS; BLOOt; t8»D POBOBTIG;
OCCnPHIOIat BtlaBDS; TTaLT; EHITHES
PSFFSr^rr
>-«rruthprs. *.
Salth, -.
1979
Pneao, J. H.
roith, O.K.
PUIIO, N.J.
Broun, J. F.
1070
Secchl, G.:.
klessio, L.
1974
(IBXT PiGB)
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
M>
its 207.2, HP 327.4 C. BP 17*0 C, vp 1.77 » Rg at 1900 C. 1 •• Hg at 970 C. 10 mm Hg at 1160 C
(CORTIROEDI
TTSSOE
781
Blood,
vhole
782
Blood,
whole
whole
TQ»
Blood,
whole
SieOSOBE ROOTS
ARftLTTICU.
1ETROD
MS
US
ROBBER
OF CISES
al 125
fa) »5
al 16
b| 6
cl 6
d| 3
el 5
fl Al
5
al 5H
n| S
cl 9
11 8
e| V
BARGE
a) 16.6-51.8 ag/100 g
b) 13.2-1«.7 ag/100 g
a| *3t given
b) Rot given
cl Rot given
d) Rot given
e) Rot given
f| R-a» ag/100 al
0. 012-0. OI1: ng/100 q
al lot given
b) lot gfven
c) Rot given
dl Not given
e) Hot -jive*
8EIR
a| 32.1 ag/100 g
b) 13.9 ag/100 g
a| 11 ag/100 Bl
b| 62 ag/103 al
cl 72 ag/100 si
1) 36 ag/100 al
e| 36 ag/100 il
0.01-1 .13/1 30 1
al 26.3? 10/100 al
b| ai.of an/100 il
c) 27. P° ug/100 al
1) 21.'* Mq/100 »1
B| 2?. 1? UJ/100 il
GERERaL IIF01HUIOR
a) Exposed to low Pb. Range is of
aaaas for various departments.
delta-lalnolevnlinic acid dehydrase
range: 37.3-95.1 nnits/sl red blood
cells, aean, 6*. 8 anlta/al BBC
b) Controls in sase plant, range of
aean* for 3 departsents. 1LU range:
101.1-111.0 units/BBC, aean, 108.2
a nits/BBC
all, heaoglobin, hesatocrit, RBC, and
subjective syaptoas also available.
Ro statistical variation.
workers in a rubber hose and
antouobile tire factory, ".can age
30.5 yr. control*, 27. a yr. Hean
exposure for 5.0 yr.
LS\D; nitiLS; LEAD POISOHIV.G; BLOOD;
OCCUPHIOim HKtaRDS: Bltt-lSS; JkPtN
a| Foresen, furnace workers, truck
unloaders at a Pb saelter, aean free
erythrocyte protoporphyrin
concentration {FB?)-»23 ug/100 al
b) maintenance workers and those with
several jobs, aean P5P-262 ag/100 al
c) workers involved with forklift
operation and battery wrecking, aean
•E9-3«6 ag/100 al
d) Casters, aean PSP-H68 ag/100 Bl
e| Office or lab worker*, aean FBP>96
ag/100 al
f) Kanwhold contacts of the
euployees, PEP range- 10-°Q ug/100*l.
Pb naelter near St. Baul, Hinnesota.
led inn igea: plant workers, 32 vr.
lab workers, 56 yr.
•atigue, cough, diarrhea.
irritability, anorexia, hand treaors
- BTBnt3BS of Pb poisoning.
IBkD; •2TtLS: L!1D POTSORII'i; "ilSW;
PROTOP01PRTRIRS; OCCOPHTIOHl.
H4HBOS; SIRRBSOT\
"altlple sclerosis patients
nOISOHI1G; 3?HAVTri !)ISOPOSPS
REFEREPCE
Sakurai, B.
Sagita, a.
Tsuchiya, K.
197B
vinegar, D.I.
Levy, B.S.
Indrevs, J.s.
Landrigan, p.J.
Scruton, ».H.
Kraase, r.J.
1*^7
Vestersan, 1. f.
BrnetBan, 1.
Pfitzer, E.
iota
navid, i.j.
197a
8!
-------
leal
7,,0.02-1
>» 191 2 If 32''.* ^. *P 17«0 C. It 1.7? •• HP «t 1000 C. 1 •• 89 at 970 C. IS I* Rq «t 1161 ?
" ' ' (f>»TI10BO|
TISSUE
7«5
ehole
16*5
Blood.
whole
1»33
Blood.
whole
19«1
Blood,
whole
1955
BlOOd,
•hole
1T.POS0*' FOOTS
Ingestion
Deraal
I«»lTTIC»t
srrioo
us
us
us
us
•DIP!!
or cisss
30
ai 10
bl (,
al 60
b) 30
cl 30
1309
.
a) 69
b| 35
PlkXG',
31-->5 ag/100 al
a) Hot given
bl lot given
al 10-60 ag/dl
hi 12-3 B ag/dl
c| 12-ao ag/dl
a) lot given
b) lot given
el Hot given
4) lot given
e| Hot given
t| lot given
a) lot given
b| lot given
(HIT
— -.-.
a1*. 5 ag/100 si
a) 0. 12 ag/l
b| 0.11 ag/l
•1 30 ag/dl
b| 20. B ag/dl
c| 20.9 ag/dl
«| 31.7 ag/100 el
b| 31.1 ag/100 el
cl 30.7 ag/100 el
d) 34.0 ag/100 al
e| 31.5 ag/100 al
f| 31.3 ag/100 el
a| 61.3 ag/100 Bl
b| 22.0 ag/100 el
P1QE1
33IV.II1L TirORIUTIO*
Children evaluated Cor Pb absorption
Staples Croa 30 children, aged 1-5
vr, at Children's Rosptial oC
Philadelphia.
Correlation between free
erythroporphvrin levels and age
corrected tooth Pb.
IE»DJ BLOOD: TEETH; »*W«STLV«1IT»:
H8TU.S; (lEASOIEHEIT H'.THODS;
raiUSE': POTOLITIOV MPOS0R5
.
a) »te food contaainated with
tethylaareary
b| controls
Resident* of Sweden.
*E1M.S; 1BHCOBT; Ltin; SICDEI; UOOO;
"
a) Dentally retarded
children-etiology anknown
b| Controls, noraal children
c| Controls, aentally retarded
children - etiology known
Children Croa Ithens, Greece area.
IBID; BIT1LS; HSHT1L IBTI1D4TIOI;
l«»0 POXSOIXIG; BLOOD; EBTTBBOCtTES;
C9XLDIBH: GBBBCe; COHPallTIYB
BflLUlTIOWS
a| Lodge Expressway area, aales
b) 'iratiot ivenae area, sales
cl Grand liver Ivenae area, sales
d) Lodge Kipresaway area, Cesales
e| Gratiot Ivenae area, feaales
ft Grand liver Ivenae area, feaalea
Ireas are at increasing distances
froa 3 aajor roadways in Detroit.
Higher levels correlated with poor
boosing and yoanger age. Ho
correlation between lead levels and
distance froa highway.
aostly 2-5 yr olds
Paint, plaster
BBT1LS; LEIDj 1GB; CBXLDP.BH; SEX;
BLOOD; HXCBI01I
a) lorkers at Pb aaelter, eaplored at
least 1 yr
b) Controls
Cd levels within norsal Helta.
Baployees fcoa secondary Pb saelter
and controls froa nearby 11
processing plant in Southern
California.
IBT1LS; 1BSBIXC; LE1D; BLOOD; BLOOD
PllSHl; H1XB; COBP1I1TXTE
EflLOlTXOIS; BBIBTIG; HEOBOLOGXC
HMIPESTtTIOIS; OCCDP1TXOI1L H1UBDS;
tIDDSTIIES; SHBLTBBS; C1LXPOIIX1
E!r«!5rpc!:
Shapiro. I.I.
Parke, >.
Sitchell, s.
Vlxt, ».
1978
Skerfving. s.
Raasson. K.
Hangs. C.
Lindsten, J.
Ryian. I.
197«
Toaronkos, S.
Lyberatoa, C.
Philippidoo, I.
Gardikas, C.
Tsoai, 1.
1978.
Ter Raar. G.
Caadzlnakl, L.
1979
Baloh, I.I.
Spivey, G.B.
Brown. C. P.
Horgaa, D.
Caspion, D. S.
Browdy. B.L.
falentine, J.t.
Gonick, B.C.
Hassey, r.J.
Culver. B.D.
1979
8
-------
iwd
7*39-92-1
n
1« 207.2, IP 327.4 C, BP 17»0 C, TP 1.77 » 89 it 1000 C. 1 •• 89 at 970 C, 10 aa 89 at 1160 C
(COITIIORO)
TISSOB
2286
mood.
•hole
2*71
Blood,
whole
2520
Hood,
whale
2S3»
91ood.
whole
EIPOSOBE SO DTE
.
Deraal
Inhalation
1HLTTXC1L
RETROD
JUS
us
*
.
MS
BOUSES
OF C4SBS
al «0
b| 75
2
...
al 11
b| 13
cl 1*
d| 13
11 69
bl 75
UIGC
a) 19.5-81 09/100 al
b) 19.5-71 09/100 al
a) 39-61 ug/ai
b) 27-50 ug/dl
_ _ _
al lot given
b| Sot given
c) lot given
1) Hot given
a) Slightly <6')-slii>htly
>
-------
leal
7*39-92-1
?b
U« 207.2, ««• 127.» C, W 1700 C. TP 1.71 aa tig at 1000 C, 1 •• Hg at 170 C, 10 •• «g at 116J '
(C01TIIU5D)
TTSSflB
2POO
Blood,
•hole
289 B
Blool.
•hole
2952
BlOOd,
(hole
2900
Blood,
•hole
2991
Blood,
•hole
MPOSOSE ROOT*
ingestion
Ingestlon
, -
aBAimcfti
SETHOO
us
us
us
BOMBER
Df CISSS
'31
1
115
00
BIRR:
a) Hot given
**) Rot given
c) Rot given
d) Rot given
os-136 ag/dl (0.6-6.6
anol/1)
19-81 ag/100 el
5.6-27.* ag/100 el
__--
M 21.8 • ->c - 1.0
ag/dl
b) 22.0 » ir - l.o
4g/dl
c) 19. D » ic - 1.:
uj/dl
d| 21.5 • or - l.o
ag/dl
Tsoietric leins » or
- SOD
115.5 ag/dl (S.f
iaol/al)
39.37 ag/100 •!
Not given
R'.IERIL TRP3SIUTI01I
i) 132 sablects froa urban coeaercial
area (arar battery plant)
b) 5^0 sibjects fros urban
residential area
c) 110 subjects froa sabarban area
d) 111 snbjects
Blood levels correlated vlth air.
soil and hoasedast concentrations
Statistical analysis don*.
Children. 1-9 rr old. froa three
general areas in Osaha, 1971-1077.
Orhan subjects sostly black, sabarban
subjects vhite.
Envlroneent
NET4LS: LE»D; BTO«CC010HTIO»;
IDOIKSCERTS; CfllLDPEB; BIOOD;
COSPa'lTIVB MALIUTI01S; ATSOSPSESE;
ORBi< »*»«S; IBBBISM
Sonrce of Pb lorgan's perfaeed ponade
containing "Planb. acet. 3%"
o-rr-old, »ith vest Indian parents.
in habit of patting her fingers into
cossetics and licking then.
Ervthrocyte protoporphyrln levels
averaged S10 ag/dl.
Hair dye
BETU.S; LEHD-, BBTal POISOIIBG; LEtD
POISOBTBO; PBOTOPOBPBTRIBS; BLOOD;
EBTTBBOCTTBS: CBXLOBBI; OSITIO
RIRSDOB
aevlev
BBTIEf; RRaLS; LEU; REaLTR B1URDS;
CBIIOB1R; IDOWS; BE»L TOIICITT;
RBT1BOLITBS; BLOOD PLaSBl; BLOOD
SEBOB; BORES: OBIRE; IOTOROTITB;
1BTT8BOCTTES; BLOOD; HAIB; RAILS;
Prospective stndy, Pb significantly
related to blood protoporphyrln.
Children, ages <1-7 yc, fron old
hoasing areas of Charleston, SC.
IB»0; BLOOD: CBILOBBR; BEKSOREBBBT
BBTBODS; PROTOPOBPHTRIBS; SOOTfl
C1ROLIBA; BETHLS
Bigh school stadents ages 1*-18 yr
LEAD; BETALS; BLOOD; BLOOD PIASBA;
BBYTBBOCTTES: COBPaRATITE
EfALBATIOBS; ADOL8SCBBTS
I BEFEBE?CS
tngle. r. B.
fcTntire. a.S.
107Q
Waldron, B.I.
1979
Posner, B.S.
1977
chlsols, J.J. , Jr.
Bellits. E.D.
Keil, J.E.
Barrett, B.B.
197*
Angle, C.B.
Bclntire, a.S.
197*
(REIT P»SE)
-------
lead
7«3<»-92-1
»t» 207.2, IIP 327.9 C. SP IT HO C, TP 1.77 •• Bg at 1000 C. 1 II Bg at 970 C, 10 II Bg at 1160 C
(GOBTXIOSD)
I tXSSDV
•
[ 815
616
817
Kidnev
2199
tidnov
EXPO50BB HOOtE
.
Ingest ion
ASAIYTICAI.
BETROD
1PDC-BTBK
its
MS
AAS
x-ray
Spectroaetry
BOBBBR
or CASES
21
2*
ll «
hi 7
B1BGE
0.40-3.8 aq/q, vet vt
0.16-1.: ug/q wet wt
a) Hot given
b) lot given
a) Hot given
M «ot j'.fon
1M«
1.** ug/9 w«t wt
0. 47 09/9 net wt
.
») 0. Ill a<)/3
b) 0. 36" ili/T
i) '. 56 pp» Irv »t
h) 7. Sc nr" Irv v
SBBBRIL IBTOBBITXOI
The association between age and Pb
content of organs is shown.
liter, kidney, long and pancreas
aaaples fros Baltieon city residents
over 17 years of age who had died
suddenly and who had no disease
condition at tiee of death.
LIVE*; KtniEIS; PABCBEAS; LOtGS;
C18DIOVASCOIA9 DISEASES; BBTU.S;
HIBTLlBD
Saaples froe 30 cadavers in central
Japan, aean age of 3° years, extent
of heavy setal exposure unknown.
PETALS; IBSBBXC; B8BTILIO*; BISBOIB;
CADNtOfl) rHBOBIOB; COBklT; CCPPBB;
BBaCBRT; HBTHIt BtBCVBT COBPOOBDS;
1A1SABBSB; ROITBDBBON; WICIEl; L!HD:
AiTIBOlI; TAIADIOB; IIKC; BRU»;
TBACR8A: IDBGS; BBaBT; LITBB;
P<«CSBtSi SPLEBB; KXDIBTS; AO?BB>L
TIAIDS; ZBtrSTIBBSi T'STBS; CT\BIBSs
IDSCLES; SKTR; BLOOD; BOBES; ADIPOSE
TtSSOf; CAOaTBBS; JAPAH
at Sales
b| resiles
liolagical half-tises (9HT) obtained
hy obsorvation of accumulation froa
0-11 years and calculation by a
•athoaatlcal eodel.
tvtopsv saaples froa Tokyo nccilont
with no known occupational nxposure.
1.9 veics
lOT^osiHS; t)Io»rca!HII,
-------
LMl
7«33-9I-1
Ph
»« 20'.2. IP 321.1 "., 'P I'M C. VP I." 1» Bq Jt 1000 C. 1 •• Hy at "O C, 10 •• Hq /it 11KH :
TISSI*
2«6"»
3093
Kidney
EtPOSO"^ SOOT»
.
UILYTICIL
RETHOO
nit hi zone
8S
R03BE9
OF CiSSS
.
I1.
_
a) 119
b) 52
cl 66
HMG»
a) lot given
a) dot given
b) lot given
c) Bot given
"'XS
*») 0. ^9 pp« wot t*t
a) 5.76 pp«
b) a. 02 ppa
cl 5. 97 ppi
TIPOR!I»TIO|I
a) Tortev
b) leduU!, 4« of 45
levels decreased with increasing >qr.
?eopie «ltS nephioacierotic disease
hud levvlit of 0.^6 pp«, coipared to
0.91 pp» for others.
3«»ole3 fro« aatopsles trot the
Cincinnati area (1969-1»71) of «e
white ules. aged 20-B* jr. 19
trauatic deaths, 6 deaths doe to
drugs or carbon aonoiide, 21 deaths
due to ledical caases.
LEkD; DBTtLS; BOIES; HDTPOS! TISSOK;
; 80SCLES; IITESTtlES;
BUDDBB; STOBiCH;
TISTES; THTROID GLKDS; 9KOSUTE;
BtOOD; tOPEHHL ILUDS; LOURS; SPISEI;
PHCB84S; KIDHETS; ItTBP; lOSTi;
lOTOPStES; OHIO! BIOkCCOnOLKTTOI
a) lo renal disease
b) >cate renal failures
c) chronic renal failures
a) and b) different (P<0.02), b) and
c) different (P<0.05)
Talnes are dry «t basic.
tatopsles at DCLI Hospital.
TB*CB nS^BITS; HETJLS; lOTOFSIES;
ClLirOBIIH; (TDIETS: LTTEB; SPIEEI;
OISE1SSS; HI?EBT8ISIOJ; SOOIOB;
?9TISSIOH; C»LCIO!1; PBOSPHOSOS;
aaGllBSIOH; CtDRIOR; II 1C; COPPEH:
mo; IROI; RH01IBSS; \LOBIIOS;
SILICOl; TTTMTOS; CT1BH.T; KICKEL;
KOLTBDEIOH; Til; CHBOHtOH; SIBOfTIOH;
3JRIOB; LITBIOR; SILTEB;
BOROR
Gross, s.P.
pfltier, t.\
Teag«r, P.".
Kehoe, °.«.
19T5
Tndraprasit, S.
tlezander, G. V.
Gonick, B.C.
19T»
-------
61
REFERENCES FOR DATA TABLE
Adansson, E.; Piscator, H.; Hogawa, K.
1979
Pulmonary and Gastrointestinal Exposure to Cadmium Oxide Dust in a Battery Factory
Environmental Health Perspectives 28:219-222
Adebonojo, P.O.
1974
Hematologic Status of Urban Black Children in Philadelphia
Clinical Pediatrics 13(10):874-888
Adebonojo, P.O.; Strahs, S.
1974
Reducing the Lead Burden of Ghetto Children: An Effect of Day Care Services
Clinical Pediatrics 13 (4):310-314
Anania, T.L.; Lucas, J.B.; Seta, J.A.
1974
Lead Exposure at an Indoor Piring Range
Performing Organization Rept. Ho. HIOSH-TH-207-74, HEW Publication Ho. (HIOSH) 74-100, 30 pp.
Angle, C.A.; Rclntire, M.S.; Colucci, A.V.
1974
Lead in Air, Dustfall. Soil, Housednst, HiIk and Rater: Correlation with Blood Lead of Orban and
Suburban School Children
Trace Substances in Environmental Health - VIII, D.D. Hemphill (Ed.), Proceedings of a
Conference, Columbia, HO, June 11-13, 1974, pp. 23-29
Angle, C.R.; Hclntire, M.S.
1979
Environmental Lead and Children: The Omaha Study
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 5:855-870
1974
Red Cell Lead, Whole Blood Lead, and Red Cell Enzymes
Environmental Health Perspectives 7:133-137
Anon
1978
Little By Little, Lead Hurts
This Week
Araki, S.
1978
The Effects of Water Restriction and Water Loading on Orinary Excretion of Lead,
Delta-Aminolevnlinic Acid and Coproporphyrin
British Journal of Industrial Medicine 35:312-317
Baglan, R.J.; Brul, A.B. ; Schulert, A.; Wilson, D.; Larsen, K.; Dyer, H.; Hansour, H. ; Schaffnec,
W.; Hoffman, L.; Davies, J.
1974
Utility of Placental Tissue as an Indicator of Trace Element Exposure to Adult and Fetus
Environmental Research 8:64-70
Baker, E.L.; Peterson, R.A.; Holtz, J.L.; Coleman, C.; Landrigan, P.J.
1979
Subacnte Cadmium Intoxication in Jewelry Workers: An Evaluation of Diagnostic Procedures
Archives of Environmental Health 34(3):173-177
Baker, E.L., Jr.; Folland, D.S.; Taylor, T.A.; Frank, H.; Peterson, W.; Lovejoy, G.; Cox, D.;
Housvorth, J.; Landrigan, P.J.
1977
Lead Poisoning in Children of Lead Workers: Home Contamination with Industrial Dust
Hen England Journal of Medicine 296(5):260-261
Baker, E.L., Jr.; Hayes, C.G.; Landrigan, P.J.; Hanike, J.L.; Leger, R.T.; Honseworth, W.J.;
Harrington, J.H.
1977
A Nationwide survey of Heavy Hetal Absorption in Children Living Hear Primary Copper, Lead and
Zinc Smelters
American Journal of Epidemiology 106(4):261-273
-------
62
Baloh, S.H.
1974
Laboratory Diagnosis of Increased Lead Absorption
Archives of Environmental Health 28:198-208
Baloh, R.H.; spivey, G.H.; Brown, C.P.; Morgan, D. ;* Campion, D.S.; Browdy, B.L.; Valentine, J.L.;
Gonick, B.C.; Kassey, F. J. ; Culver, B.D.
1979
Sabclinical Effects of chronic Increased Lead Absorption-A Prospective Study. . II. Results of
Baseline Neurologic Testing
Journal of Occupational Medicine 21 (7) :490-496
Boeckx, E.L.; Postl, B.; Coodin, F.J.
1977
Gasoline Sniffing and Tetraethyl Lead Poisoning in Children
Pediatrics 60 (2) : 1 HO- 1U5
Bogden, J.D.; Singh, N.P.; Joselow, M.M. V
197H
Cadmium, Lead and Zinc Concentrations in Whole Blood Samples of Children
Environmental Science and Technology 8 (8):740-742
Bogden, J.D.; Thind, I.S.; Louria, D.B.; Caterini, H.
1978
Maternal and Cord Blood Metal Concentrations and Low, Birth Weight - A Case-Control Study
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 31:1181-1187
Bortaan, S.
1980
Monitoring Cadmium Exposure
Environmental Science and Technology 14(1) : 23
Brearley, R.L. ; Forsythe, A.M.
1978
Lead Poisoning from Aphrodisiacs: Potential Hazard in Immigrants.
British Medical Journal 2(6154) :1748-1749
Browder, A.; Joselow, M.M.; Louria, D.B.; Lavenhar, M.; Foster, J.
1974
Evaluation of Screening Programs for Childhood Lead Poisoning by Analysis of Hospital Admissions
American Journal of Public Health 64 (9) : 91 4-9 15.
Buchet, J.P.; Eoels, H.; Hubermont, G.; Lauwerys, R.
1978
Placental Transfer of Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, and Carbon Monoxide in Homen II. Influence of
Some Epidemiological Factors on the Frequency Distributions of the Biological Indices in
Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood
Environmental Research 15:494-503
Buchthal, F.; Behse, F.
1979
Electrophysiology and Nerve Biopsy in Men Exposed to Lead
British Journal of Industrial Medicine 36:135-147'
Burgess, W.A.; Diberardinis, L.; Speizer, F.E.
1977
Health Effects of Exposure to Automobile Exhaust - V. Exposure of Toll Booth Operators to
Automobile Exhaust ('
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 38:184-191
Canberk, A.; Sehirli, I.; Canberk, Y. ; Koyuncuoglu, H.
1978
Orine Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid and Erthropoietic Activity in Human Lead Intoxication
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 44:257-261
-------
63
Caprio, R. J. ; Margulis, H.L.; JoseloH, B.H.
197
-------
64
David, 0.; Hoffman, S.; McGann, B.; Sverd, J.; Clack, J.
1976
Low Lead Levels and Rental Retardation
Lancet 2(7981):1376-1379
David, O.J.
1974
Association Between Lower Level Lead Concentrations and Hyperactivity in Children
Environmental Health Perspectives 7:17-25
De Castro, F.J.; Lazzara, J.; Rolfe, O.T.; Bngeler, B.
1975
Increased Lead Burden and the Energy Crisis
Pediatrics 55(4}:573
Dolcourt, J.L. ; Hamrick, H.J.; O'Tnama, L.A.; Wooten, J.; Baker, E.L.
1978
Increased Lead Burden in Children of Battery Workers: Asymptomatic Exposure Besulting from
Contaminated Work Clothing
Pediatrics 62:563-566
Eisinger, J.; Blumberg, W.E.; Fischbein, A.; Lilis, B.; Selikoff, I.J.
1978
Zinc Protoporphyrin in Blood as a Biological Indicator of Chronic Lead Intoxication
Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology 1:897-910
Elinder, C-G.; Kjellstrom, T.
1977
Cadmium Concentrationin Samples of Human Kidney Cortex fromt he 19th Century
Ambio 6 (5):270-272
Elinder, C-G.; Kjellstrom, T.; Lind, B.; Holander, H.-L.; Silander, T.
1978
Cadmium Concentrations in Human Liver, Blood, and Bile: Comparison with a Betabolic Hodel
Environmental Research 17:236-241
Elinder, C-G.; Piscator, H.; Linnman, L.
1977
Cadmium and Zinc Relationships in Kidney Cortex, Liver, and Pancreas
Environmental Research 13:432-1(10
Elwood, H.J.; Clayton, B.E.; Cox, R.A.; Delves, H.T.; King, E.; Malcolm, D.; Ratcliffe, J.a.;
Taylor, J.?.
1977
Lead in Human Blood and in the Environment near a Battery Factory
British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 31:154-163
Epstein, P.
1974
Lead in the Air
New England Journal of Medicine 290:285-286
Fahim, U.S.; Fahim, Z.; Hall, D.G.
1976
Effects of Sobtoxic Lead Levels on Pregnant Women in the State of Missouri
Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology 13(2):309-331
Falchuk, K.H.; Evenson, H.; Vallee, B.L.
1974
A Multichannel Atomic Absorption Instrument: Simultaneous Analysis of Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium
in Biologic Materials
Analytical Biochemistry 62:255-267
Fischbein, A.; Alvares, A.P.; Anderson, K.E.; Sassa, S.; Kappas, A.
1977
Lead Intoxication among Demolition Workers: The Effect of Lead on the Hepatic Cytochrome P-450
System in Humans
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 3:431-437
-------
65
Fischbein, A.; Lilis, R.
1977
Bystanders at Bisk of Lead absorption
Lancet 1(8013):704
Fischbein, A.; Bice, C.; Sarkozi, L.; Ron, S.H.; Pectcocci, ».; Selikoff, I.J.
1979
Exposure to Lead in Firing Ranges
Journal of the American Hedical Association 241 (11):1141-1144
Flindt, H.l.H.; King, E.; Walsh, D.B.
1976
Blood Lead and Ecythcocyte delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Levels in Hanchester Taxi
Drivers
British Journal of Industrial Medicine 33:79-84
Forni, A.; Canbiaghi, 6.; Secchi, G.C.
1976
Initial Occupational Exposure to Lead
Archives of Environmental Health 31(5):73-78
Grandjean, P.
1979
Occupational Lead Exposure in Denmark: Screening with the Haematofluorometer
British Journal of Industrial Hedicine 36:52-58
1978
widening Perspectives of Lead Toxicity
Environmental Besearch 17:303-321
Grandjean, P.; irnvig, E.; Beckmann, J.
1978
Psychological Dysfunctions in Lead-Exposed Workers. Relation to Biological Parameters of
Exposure
Scandinavian Journal of the Working Environnent and Health 4:295-303
Gross, S.B.; Pfitzer, E.A.; Teager, D.0.; Kehoe, R.A.
1975
Lead in Human Tissues
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 32:638-651
v
Gross, S.B.; Teager, D.R.; Hiddendorf, H.S.
1976
Cadmium in Liver, Kidney, and Hair of Humans, Fetal through Old Age
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 2:153-167
Habercam, J.8.; Keil, J.B.; Beigart, J.E.; Croft, H.W.
1974
Lead Content of Human Blood, Hair, and Deciduous Teeth: Correlation with Environmental Factors
and Growth
Journal of Dental Research 53(5):1160-1163 (part 2)
Haenninen, H.; Bernberg, S.; Hanterre, P.; Vesanto, P..; Jalkanen, fl.
1978
Psychological Performance of Subjects with Low Exposure to Lead
Journal of Occupational Hedicine 20(10):683-689
Becker, L.H.; Allen, H.E.; Dinman, B.D.; Heel, J.V.
1974
Heavy Hetal Levels in Acculturated and Unaccultnrated Populations
Archives of Environmental Health 29 (4):181-185
Howard, J. K.
1978
Interrelationships of Glutahtione Bednctase, 5-Atinolevulinic Acid Dehydratase, and Free
Sulfhydryl Groups in the Erythrocytes of Normal and Lead Exposed Persons
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 4:51-57
-------
66
Indraprasit, S.; Alexander, G.V.; Gonick, B.C.
1974
Tissue Composition of Hajor and Trace Elements ia Uremia and Hypertension
Journal of Chronic Diseases 27:135-161
Johnson, D.E.; Tillery, J.B.; Prevost, B.J.
1975
Trace Hetals in Occupationally and Nonoccupationally Exposed Individuals
Environmental Health Perspectives 10(4):151-158
Johnson, D.B.; Tillery, J.6.; Prevot, R.J.
1975
Trace Hetals in Occupationally and Nonoccupationally Exposed Individuals
Environmental Health Perspectives 10(4):151-158
Johnson, H.E,; Tenuta, K.
1979
Diets and Lead Blood Levels of Children Who Practice Pica
Environmental Research 18:369-376
Joselias, H.E.; Lupovich, P.; floriarty, B.
1975
Sampling Problems in the Micro Determination of Blood Lead
Clinical Toxicology 8(1):53-58
Kalman, S.H.
1977
The Pathophysiology of Lead Poisoning: A Review and a Case Report
Journal of Analytical Toxicology 1(6):277-281
Kjellstorm, T.; Rordberg, G.P.
1978
K Kinetic Hodel of Cadmium Hetabolism in the Human Being
Environmental Research 16:248-269
KJellstrom, T.
1979
Exposure and Accumulation of Cadmium in Populations fro* Japan, the United States, and Sweden
Environmental Health Perspectives 28:169-197
KJellstrom, T.; Shirolshi, K.; Ervin, P.E.
1977
Urinary B2-Hicroglobulin Excretion among People Exposed to Cadmium in the General Environment
Environmental Research 13:318-344
Koval. H.E.; Johnson, D.E.; Kraemer, D.F.; Pahren, H. B.
1979
normal Levels of Cadmium in Diet, Urine, Blood, and Tissues of Inhabitants of the United States
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 5:995-1014
Kuhnert, P.a.; Erhard, P.; Knhnert, B.R.
1977
Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase in RBC's of Orban Mothers and Fetuses
Environmental Research 14:73-80
Kyu, J.E.; Ziegler, E.E.; Fomon, S.J.
1978
Haternal Lead Exposure and Blood Lead Concentration in Infancy
Journal of Pediatrics 93 (3):476-478
Lancranjan, I.; Popescn, H.I.; Gavanescu, 0.; Klepssh, I.; Serbanescu, H.
1975
Reproductive Ability of Workmen Occupationally Exposed to Lead
Archives of Environmental Health 30:396-400
-------
67
Landrigan, P.J.; Baker, B.L., Jr.; Feldman, B.G.; Cox, D.H.; Eden, K.V.; Orenstein, 8.*.; Bather,
J. A.; lankel, A.J.; von Lindern, I.E.
1976
Increased Lead Absorption with Anemia and Slowed Nerve Conduction in Children Hear a Lead Shelter
Journal of Pediatrics 89 (6) :904-910
Landrigan, P.J.; Baloh, R.W.; Barthel, W.F.; Whitworth, R.H.; Staehling, H.V.; Rosenblum, B.P.
1975
Neuropsychological Dysfunction in Children vith Chronic Low-Level Lead Absorption
Lancet 1 (7909):708-712
Landrigan, P.J.; Gehlbach, S.H.; Rosenblnm, B.F.; Shoults, J.H.; Candelaria, R.H.; Barthel, i.P.;
Liddle, J.A.; Smrek, A.L.; Staehling, B.S.; Sanders, J.P.
1975
Epidemic Lead Absorption Hear an Ore Smelter
New England Journal of Medicine 292(3):123-129
Lansdown, R.G. ; Clayton, B.E.; Graham, P.J.; Shepherd, J.; Delves, B.T.; Turner, W.C.
1974
Blood Lead Levels, Behaviour, and Intelligence. A Population Study
Lancet 1 (7907):538-541
Lanwerys, R.; Buchet, J.P.; Roels, H.; Hnbermont, G.
1978
Placental Transfer of Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, and Carbon Honozide in Wonen I. Comparison of the
Frequency Distributions of the Biological Indices in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood
Environmental Research 15:278-289
Lauwerys, R.; Roels, H.; Regniers, H.; Buchet, J.P.; Bernard, A.; Goret, A.
1979
Significance of Cadmium Concentration in Blood and in Orine in Workers Exposed to Cadmium
Environmental Research 20:375-391
Lauwerys, R.R.; Buchet, J.P.; Roels, B.A.; Brouwers, J.; Stanescu, D.
1974
Epidemiological Survey of Workers Exposed to Cadmium-Effect on Lung, Kidney and Several
Biological Indices
Archives of Environmental Health 28:145-148
Lauwerys, R.R.; Roels, H.A.; Bnchet, J.P.; Bernard, A.; Stanescu, D.
1979
Investigations on the Lung and Kidney Function in Workers Exposed to Cadmium -
Environmental Health Perspectives 28:137-145
Lepow, H.L.; Bruckman, L.; Rubino, R.A.; larkowitz, S.; Gillette, H.; Kapish, J.
1974
Role of Airborne Lead in Increased Body Burden of Lead in Hartford Children
Environmental Health Perspectives 7:99-102
Lerner, S.
1975
Blood Lead Analysis - Precision and Stability
Journal of Occupational Hedicine 17(3):153-154
Lerner, S.; Hong, C.D.; Bozian, R.C.
1979
Cadmium Nephropathy-A Clinical Evaluation
Journal of Occupational Hedicine 21 (6):409-412
Levine, R.J.; Hoore, R.H., Jr.; HcLaren, G.D.; Barthel, W.F.; Landrigan, P.J.
1976
Occupational Lead Poisoning, Animal Deaths, and Environmental Contanination at a Scrap Snelter
American Journal of Public Health 66(6):548-552
Light£00te, J.; Blair, J.; Cohen, J.R.
1977
Lead Intoxication in an Adult Caused by Chinese Herbal dedication
Journal of the American Medical Association 238(14):1539
-------
Lilis, a.; Bisinger, J.; Blumberg, W.; Fischbein, A.; Selikoff, I.J.
1978
Hemoglobin, Serum Icon, and Zinc Protpporphyrin in Lead-Exposed Workers
Environmental Health Perspectives 25:97-102
Lilis, R-; Fischbein, i.; Diamond, S.; Anderson, H.A. ; Selikoff, I.J.; Blumberg, W.B.; Eislnger, J.
1977
Lead Effects among Secondary Lead Smelter Workers with Blood Lead Levels belov 60 ug/100 ml
Archives of Environmental Health 32:256-266
Lilis, ft.; Fischbein, A.; Eisinger, J.; Blumberg, H.E.; Diamond, S.J.; Anderson, H. A.; ROB, W.;
Rice, C.; Sarkozi, L.; Ron, S.; Selikoff, I.J.
1977
Prevalence of Lead Disease among Secondary Lead Smelter Workers and Biological Indicators of
Lead Exposure
Environmental Research 14:255-285
Lob, H.; Desbaunes, P.
1976
Lead and Criminality
British Journal of Industrial Medicine 33:125-127
Hangelson, N.F.; Hill, B.W. ; Nielson, K.K.; Eatough, D.J.; Christensen, J.J.; Izatt, R.B.;
Richards, D.O.
1979
Proton Induced Z-ray Emission Analysis of Pima Indian Autopsy Tissues
Analytical Chemistry 51 (8):1187-1194
Nanton, u.I.
1977
Sources of Lead in Blood. Identification by Stable Isotopes
Archives of Environmental Health 32(4):149-159
McCabe, E.B.
1979
Age and Sensitivity to Lead Toxicity: A Review
Environmental Health Perspectives 29:29-33
NcCusker, J.
1979
Longitudinal Changes in Blood Lead Level in Children and Their Relationship to Season, Age, and
Exposure to Paint or Plaster
American Journal of Public Health 69:348-352
deerkin, H.; Clarke. R.; Oliphant, R.
1976
Chronic Cadmium Poisoning
Medical Journal of Australia 1(1):23-24
Hehkeri, K.A.; Romanowski, S.; Snallbone, B.
1976
Use of a Filter Disc Hicro-Sampling Atomic Absorption Hethod for Blood Lead Level Screening
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 37:541-545
Hencel, S.J.; Thorp, R.H.
1976
A Study of Blood Lead Levels in Residents of the Sydney Area
Medical Journal of Australia 1(3):423-426
lendes, P.
1977
Effects of Lead on Workers Living in Areas with Highly Endemic Intestinal Helminthiasis
Journal of Occupational Medicine 19(7):498-499
Meredith, P.A.; Moore, H.P. ; Campbell, B.C.; Thompson, G.B.; Goldberg, A.
1978
Delta-Aminolaevulinic Acid Metabolism in Normal and Lead-Exposed Humans
Toxicology 9:1-9
-------
Miller, G.J.; Hylie, H.J.; HcKeovn, 0.
1976
Cadmium Exposure and Renal Accumulation in an Jus trail an Urban Population
Medical Journal of Australia 1(1/2):20-23
Hoore, H.R.; Heredith, P.ft.; Goldberg, A.
1977
A Retrospective Analysis of Blood-Lead in Mentally Retarded Children
Lancet 1 (8014) :717-719
Hoore, P.J.; Pridmore, S.A.; Gill, G.P.
1976
Total Blood Lead Levels in Petrol Tenders
Medical Journal of Australia 1:438-440
Rooty, J.; Perrand, C.P., Jr.; Harris, P.
1975
Relationship of Diet to Lead Poisoning in Children
Pediatrics 55(5):636-639
Horse, D.L.; Hatson, W.H.; Housworth, J.; Witherell, L.E.; Landrigan, P.J.
1979
Exposure of Children to Lead in Drinking Water
American Journal of Public Health 69(7):711-712
Hogava, K.; Ishizaki, A.; Puknshima, M.
1975
Studies on the Women with Acquired Panconi Syndrome Observed in the Ichi River Basin Pollute! by
Cadmium. Is This Itai-itai Disease?
Environmental Research 10:280-307
Hordberg, G. P.
1974
Health Hazards of Environmenatl Cadmium Pollution
Ambio 3 (2): 55-66
Oletu, U.G.
1976
Kidney, Liver, Hair and Lungs as Indicators of Cadmium Absorption
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 37:617-620
Ostergaard, K. ~~
1977
Cadmium and Hypertension
Lancet 1 (8013):677-678
Ouw, H.K.; Bisby, J.A.; Shandar, A.G.
1976
Lead Absorption in Children Residing Hear a Hew South Wales Lead Smelting Complex (Australia)
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 15(1):49-54
Papaioannou, R.; Sohler, A.; Pfeiffer, C.C.
1978
Reduction of Blood Lead Levels in Battery Workers by Zinc and Vitamin C
The Journal of Orthomolecnlar Psychiatry 7(2):94-106
Perkins, K.C.; OsJci, P.A.
1976
Elevated Blood Lead in a 6-Honth-Old Breast-Fed Infant: The Role of newsprint Logs
Pediatrics 57(3):426-427
Perrin, J. M.; aerkens, H.J.
1979
Blood Lead Levels in a Rural Population: Relative Elevations among aigrant Farmworker Children
Pediatrics 64:540-542
-------
70
Poklis, A.; Preimuth, B.C.
1976
Lead Distribution in Soft Tissues of Balti»ote Residents, 1973
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 15(3):311-315
PosDer, H. S.
1977
Indices of Potential Lead Hazard
Environmental Health Perspectives 19:261-284
Pueschel, S.H.
1974
Neurological and Psychomotor Functions in Children with an Increased Lead Burden
Environmental Health Perspectives 7:13-16
Rabinovitz, H. ; Retherill, G. ; Kopple, J.
1976
Delayed Appearance of Tracer Lead in Facial Hair
Archives of Environmental Health 31:220-223
Patcliffe, J. H.
1977
Developmental aod Behavioral Functions in Young Children with Elevated Blood Lead Levels
British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 31:258-264
Richtec, E.D.; Taffe, T.; Gruener, H.
1979
Air and Blood Lead Levels in a Battery Factory
Environmental Research 20:87-98
Roberts, T.H.; Hutchinson, T.C.; Paciga, J.: Chattopadhyay, A.; Jervis, B.E.; Van Loon, J. ;
Parkinson, O.K.
1974
Lead Contamination around Secondary Shelters: Estimation of Dispersal and Accumulation by Humans
Science 186:1120-1123
Roels, H.; Bernard, A.; Buchet, J.P.; Soret, A.; Launerys, R.; Chettle, D.R.; Harvey, T.C.; Al
Haddad, I.
1979
Critical Concentrations of Cadmium in Renal Cortsz and Urine
Lancet 1 (8109):221
Roels, H.; Bnchet, J.; Lauwerys, R.; Hubermont, 6.; Bruaux, P.; Claeys-Thoreau, F.; Lafontaine, A.;
Overschelde, J.V.
1976
Impact of Air Pollution by Lead on the Heme Biosynthetic Pathway in School-Age Children
Archives of Environmental Health 31 (6) :310-316
Roels, H.A.; Buchet, J.P.; Lauwerys, R.; Bruaux, P.; Claeys-Thoreau, F.; Lafontaine, A.; van
Overschelde, J.; Verduyn, G.
1978
Lead and Cadmium Absorption among Children Near a Nonferrous Hetal Plant: A Follow-up Study of
a Test Case
Environmental Research 15:290-308
Rogan, W.J.; Hogan, H.D.; Chi, P.T.; Cowan, D.
1978
Blood Pressure and Lead Levels in Children
Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology 2:517-519
Rosen, J.F.; Trinidad, E.E.
1974
Significance of Plasma Lead Levels in Normal and Lead-Intoxicated Children
Environmental Health Perspectives 7:139-144
Rummo, J.H.; South, O.K.; Rummo, If. J.; Brown, J.F.
1979
Behavioral and neurological Effects of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Lead Exposure in Children
Archives of Environmental Health 34(2):120-124
-------
71
Sachs, H.K.
1974
Effect of a Screening Program on Changing Patterns of lead Poisoning
Environmental Health Perspectives 7:11-45
Sachs, H.K.; Krall. V.; HcCaughran, D.A.; Bosenfeld, I.E.; Toungsmith, H.; Growe, 6.; Lazar, B.S.;
Hovar, L.; O'Connell, L.; Hayson, B.
1978
IQ Following Treatment of Lead Poisoning: A Patient-Sibling Comparison
Journal of Pediatrics 93 (3) :428-431
Saknrai, H.; Sagita, H.; Tsuchiya, K.
1.974
Biological Response and Subjective Symptoms in Low Level Lead Exposure
Archives of Environmental Health 29:157-163
Secchi, G.C.; Alessio, L.
1974
Laboratory Results of Some Biological Measures in Workers Exposed to Lead
archives of Environmental Health 29:351-354
Shapiro, I.H.; Burke, K.; Hitchell, G.; Block, p.
1978
X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Lead in Teeth of Urban children in Situ: Correlation Between the
Tooth Lead Level and the Concentration of Blood Lead and Free Erythroporphyrins
Environmental Research 17;46-52
Sharrett, A.R.
1977
Bater Hardness and Cardiovascular Disease Elements in Hater and Human Tissues
Science of the Total Environment 7:217-226
Silbergeld, E.K.; Chisolm, J.J.. Jr.
1976
Lead Poisoning: Mtared Urinary Catecholamine Metabolites, as Indicators of Intoxication in
Mice and Children
Science 192:153-155
Singh, H.; Donovan, C.H.; Hanshaw, J.B.
1978
Neonatal Lead Intoxication in a Prenatally Exposed Infant
Journal of Pediatrics 93 (6) -.1019-1021
^
Singh, H.P.; Bogden, J.D.; Joselou, H.H.
1975
Distribution of Thallium and Lead in Children's Blood
Archives of Environmental Health 30:557-558
Sitarz, A.L.
1975
Severe Lead Poisoning in a 6-Honth-Old Infant
Journal of Pediatrics 86 (5):810-821
Skerfving, S.; Hansson, K.; Hangs, C.; Lindsten, J.; Byman, N.
1974
HetbyImercory-Induced chromosome Damage in Han
Environmental Research 7:83-98
Sorrell, H.; Rosen, J.F.; Roginsky, M.
1977
Interactions of Lead, Calcium, Vitamin D, and Nutrition in Lead-Burdened Children
Archives of Environmental Health 32(4):160-164
Spickett, J.T.; Lazner, J.
1979
Cadmium Concentrations in Human Kidney and Liver Tissues from Restern Australia
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 23:627-630
-------
72
Spivey. G.H.; Brown, C.P.; Baloh, R.H.; Campion, O.S.; Valentine, J.L.; Basse?, P.J.; Browdy, B.I..;
Culver, B.D.
1979
Sabclinical Effects of Chronic Increased Lead Absarption-A Prospective Study. I. study Design
and Analysis of Symptoms
Journal of Occupational Bedicine 21 (6):423-429
Stark, K.D.i Beigs, J.W.; Fitch, R.F.; Delouise. E.R.
1978
Family Operational Co-factors in the Epidemiology of Childhood Lead Poisoning
Archives of Environmental Health 33(5):222-226
Sugita, H.
1978
The Biological Half-Time of Heavy Betals
International Archives of Occupational and Bnviornmental Health 41:25-40
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 41:25-40
Sumino, K. ; Hayakava, K.; Shibata, T.; Kitamura, S.
1975
Heavy Betals in Normal Japanese Tissues
Archives of Environmental Health 30( 10):487-494
Syversen, T.L.H.
1975
Cadmium-Binding in Huamn Liver and Kidney
Archives of Environmental Health 30:158-161
Szold, P.O.
1974
Plumbism and Iron Deficiency
New England Journal of Bedicine 290(9):520
Ter Haar, G.; Chadzinski, L.
1979
An Investigation of Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Detroit Children
Archives of Environmental Health 34(3):145-150
Thomas, C.B.; Rising, J.L.; Boore, J.K.
1976
Blood Lead Concentrations of Children and Dogs from 83 Illinois Families
Journal of the American Veterinary Bedical Association 169 (11):1237-1240
Thomas, H.F.; Elwood, P.C.; Helsby, B.; St. Leger, A.S.
1979
Relationship of Blood Lead in Women and Children to Domestic Water Lead
Mature 282:712-713
Thomasino, J.A.; Znroweste, E.; Brooks, S.H.; petering, H.G.; Lerner, S.I.; Finelli, V.H.
1977
Lead, Zinc, and Brythrocyte delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase: Relationships in Lead
Toricity
Archives of Environmental Health 32*244-247
Tillery, J.B.; Johnson, D.E.
1975
Determination of Platinum, Palladium, and Lead in Biological Samples by Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometry
Environmental Health Perspectives 12:19-26
Timpo, A.E.; Amin, J.S.; Casalino, H.B.; Tnceoglu, A.H.
1979
Congenital Lead Intoxication
Journal of Pediatrics 94 (5):765-767
-------
73
Tola, S.; Nordman, C. H.
1977
Slotting and Blood Lead Concentrations in Lead-Exposed Workers and on Onexposed Population
Environmental Research 13:250-255
Tomokuni, K.
1974
Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Test for Lead Exposure
Archives of Environmental Health 29:274-289
Tomokuni, K.; Ogata, H.
1976
Relationship betveen Lead Concentration in Bload and Biological Response to Porphyrin Hetsbolisa
in Workers Occapationally Exposed to Lead
Archives of Toxicology 35:239-246
Tsuchiya, K.
1976
Proteinnria of Cadmium Workers
Journal of Occupational Medicine 18(7):463-466
Olander, A.; Axelson, C.
1974
Measurement of Blood-Cadmium Levels
Lancet 1 (7859):682-683
Ollacci, P.A.; Hwang, J.Y,
1974
Determination of Cadaium in Biological Materials by Atomic Absorption
Talanta 21(7):745-750
van Peteghem, T.H.; deVos, H.
1974
Toxicity Study of Lead Haphthenate
British Journal of Industrial Hedicine 31:233-238
Vitale, L. F.; Joselov, H.3. ; Wedeen, R.P.; Pavlov, 9.
1975
Blood Lead - An Inadequate Measure of Occupational Exposure
Journal of Occupational Medicine 17(3):155-156.
Wada, 0.; Takeo, K.; Tano, I.; Tetsu, 0.; Nagahashi, H.; Seki, H.
1976
Delta Aainolevulinic Acid Dehydratase in Lov Level Lead Exposure
Archives of Environmental Health 31:211-215
Waldron, H.A.
1979
Lead Poisoning froa cosmetics
Lancet 2(8151): 1070-1071
Watson, w.N.; Witherell, L.E.; Gignere, G.C.
1978
Increased Lead Absorption in Children of Workers in a Lead Storage Battery Plant
Journal of Occupational Hedicine 20(11);759-761
Wedeen, R.P.; Haesaka, J.K.; Weiner, B.; Lipat, 6.A.; Lyons, H.H.; Vitale, L.P.; Joselov, n.l.
Occupational Lead Nephropathy
American Journal of Hedicine 59:630-641
Wedeen, R.P.; Hallik, O.K.; Batnman, V.; Bogden, J.D.
1978
Geophagic Lead Nephropathy: Case Report
Environmental Research 17:409-415
-------
74
Besterman, H.P.; Bruetnan, H.; Pfitzer, E.
197<»
Lead Poisoning and Rultiple Sclerosis
Archives of Environmental Health 29:355-356
Higle, D.T.; Charlebois. B.J.
1978
Electric Kettles as a Source of Hunan Lead Exposure
Archives of Environmental Health 33:72-78
Billden, E.G.; Hyne, B.E.B.
197U
Blood and Urinary Cadmium in Chronic Renal Failure
Hephron 13(3):253-257
flinegar, D.A.; Levy, B.S.; Andrews, J.S. ; Landrigan, P.J.; Scruton, W.H.; Krause, B.J.
1977
Chronic Occupational Exposure to Lead: An Evaluation of the Health of Smelter Workers
Journal of Occupational Hedicine 19(9):603-606
Hysovski, O.K.; Landrigan, P.J.; Ferguson, S.H.; Fontaine, R.E.; Tsongas, T.A.; Porter, B.
1978
Cadmium Exposure in a Community Near a Smelter
American Journal of Epidemiology 107(1):27-35
Yankel, A.J.; von Lindern, I.H.; Halter, S.D.
1977
The Silver Valley Lead Study: The Relationship between Childhood Blood Lead Levels and
Environmental Exposure
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 27(8):763-767
louroukos, S.; Lyberatos, C.; Philippidou, A.; Gardikas, C.; Tsomi, A.
1978
Increased Blood Lead Levels in dentally Retarded Children in Greece
Archives of Environmental Health 33(6):297-300
Zielhuis, H.L.; del Castilho, ?.; Berber, S.F.H.; HLbovo, A.A.E.
1978
Levels of Lead and Other Hetals in Human Blood: Suggestive Relationships, Determining Factors
Environmental Health Perspectives 25:103-109
-------
75
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA 560/13-80-20
2.
ORNL/EIS-168
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Cadmium and Lead Levels in Human Blood
and Kidney, A Literature Search
5. REPORT DATE
July 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Virginia Cone, Margaret F. Bauldauf, Fay M. Martin
and John T. Ensminger (Data Base)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
Health and Environmental Studies Program
Information Center ODnplex/Information Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
EPA IAG No. 78-D-X383
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S.Environmental- Protection Agency
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Survey and Analysis Division/Design & Dev. Branch
401 M Street SW, Washington, DC 20460
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in human biological media
(tissues and body fluids) had been established under the direction of the Environmenta;
Protection Agency's Office of Toxic Substances Survey and Analysis Division. This
centralized resource of body-burden information was inspired by the concern of govern-
ment scientists over continuing reports of toxic chemicals in human tissues and body
fluids.
Data are obtained primarily from the open literature through manual searches of
selected journals. Retrospective searching to 1974 is complete and has yielded over
2000 pertinent documents of which approximately 800 have been entered into the data
base as of this report. These sources identify over 500 chemicals which-have been
found in human biological media.
A specific search of the data base for cadmium and lead levels in blood and
kidney is presented in this report. This report was prepared by the EPA OPTS Survey
and Analysis Division's Design and Development Branch in support of the World
Health Organization's Biological Monitoring Project.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
cadmium
lead
kidney
blood
body-burden
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
for release to public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
82
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
•U 8 OOVHWKEMT PRINTIJK) WflCBi 3U-13VS7
------- |