United States         Office of Pesticides aid     EPA-560/13-80-020
             Environmental Protection     Toxic Substances       July 1980
             Agency           Washington, DC 20460
             Pesticides and Toxic Substances
<&EPA       Cadmium and Lead
             Levels  in Human Blood
             and  Kidney

             A Literature Search

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This report is available from the National Technical Information
Service, US Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, Virginia 22161.

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                                       EPA 560/13-80-020
                                       June 1980
CADMIUM AND LEAD LEVELS IN HUMAN BLOOD AND KIDNEY
               A LITERATURE SEARCH
                   Compiled by
     M. Virginia Cone, Margaret  F.  Baldauf,
      Fay M. Martin,  and John T.  Ensminger

    Health and Environmental Studies  Program
 Information Center Complex/Information Division
          Oak Ridge National Laboratory
           Oak Ridge, Tennessee  37830
              EPA/DOE  IAG  78-D-X0383
        Cindy Stroup,  EPA Project Officer

          Design and Development Branch
          Survey  and Analysis  Division
    Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
              Washington,  DC 20460

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                              11
                          DISCLAIMER

     This report was prepared under contract  to  an agency of
the United States Government.  Neither the United States
Government nor any of their  employees, contractors,
subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty,
express or implied, nor assumes  any legal liability  or
responsibility for any third party's  use or the  results of
such use of any information, apparatus, product, or  process
disclosed in this report, nor represents that its use by such
third party would not infringe privately-owned  rights.

     Publication of the data in  this  document does not signify
that the contents necessarily reflect the joint  or separate
views and policies of each sponsoring agency.  Mention of
trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.

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                         iii






                  TABLE OF CONTENTS






                                            Page




INTRODUCTION 	    V




BACKGROUND ON THE DATA BASE  	    1




USER'S GUIDE 	    2




ABBREVIATIONS FOR ANALYTICAL METHODS  	    3




DATA TABLE 	    5




REFERENCES FOR DATA TABLE  	   61

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                         INTRODUCTION

     This computerized literature search for data on  cadmium
and lead in human blood and kidney was accomplished for
participants in the World Health Organization's Biological
Monitoring Project. These data were collected from a
comprehensive human body-burden data base being developed
under the direction of the Environmental Protection Agency  and
the National Cancer Institute.

     This limited search is provided to aid in the current
planning stages of the World Health Organization's
international program during which school teachers in a number
of major cities around the world will be examined for cadmium
and lead levels in their blood.  In addition, kidney  cortex
tissues will be analyzed for cadmium levels. These autopsy
specimens will be collected from cases of sudden deaths not
related to kidney disease.

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                  BACKGROUND  ON THE  DATA BASE
     A comprehensive human body-burden data base has been
established through the US Environmental Protection
Agency/National Cancer Institute Collaborative Program.  The
objective of this effort is to provide a centralized source of
information on chemicals that have been identified in human
biological media.  Body-burden data are needed by the US
government and domestic and foreign scientists involved in
human health research.

     Approximately 85 journals are routinely searched for
body-burden articles.  Retrospective searching to 1974 has
yielded over 2,000 pertinent documents of which over 800 have
been entered into the data base.  Over 500 chemicals were
identified in human biological media from those sources.

     The data base is published annually in tabular format
with four indices for specific searching.  The first
publication, "Chemicals Identified in Human Biological
Media:  A Data Base," is available.• A limited number of
computerized searches are available in cases when the
published version does not allow for retrieval of needed
information or when special needs exist.  It should be
emphasized that the purpose of the data base is to provide a
centralized resource for body-burden data and in no way is
intended to obviate the need for the user to ultimately refer
to the original literature or data sources.  No screening or
evaluation of the data is conducted.

     The comprehensive data base has been established under
the aegis of the Interagency Collaborative Group on
Environmental Carcinogenesis (ICGEC), National Cancer
Institute.  The work is being done under the direction of EPA
by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Health and
Environmental Studies Program, through interagency agreements
involving the National Cancer Institute, the Environmental
Protection Agency, and the Department of Energy.

     To obtain additional information about the comprehensive
data base and copies of the first annual report, write to:

          Cindy Stroup,  EPA Project Officer
          Design and Development Branch
          Survey and Analysis Division (TS-793)
          Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
          Environmental Protection Agency
          401 M Street SW
          Washington, DC 20460
          Telephone (202) 755-8294

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                         USER'S GUIDE
     The emphasis  to date on  inputting  recent  literature  and
significant research documents has resulted  in a  chronological
mix of articles  from 1974 to  the  present  in  the data  base.
Approximately one-third of  the collected  articles have  been
input as of this search.  It  is anticipated  that  by the time
of the second annual report publication in October 1980,  two-
thirds of  the collected documents will  be in the  data base.

     When  body-burden  articles are  identified, data are
extracted  and entered  in  the  data base  by chemical and
tissue/body fluid.  Each  data entry  comprises  a single  record
(or line entry)  and is assigned a record  number.   If  a
particular document deals with more  than  one chemical and/or
tissue, there will be  multiple records  for  that document.   For
example, a study of 5  chemicals in  each of  3 tissues  would
have 15 different  records (or 15  line entries)  in the data
base with  15 different record numbers.   Record numbers  are
assigned consecutively to records through the  entire  data base
and appear for each record  in the upper left corner of  the
tissue column.

     Information in the next  five columns,  EXPOSURE ROUTE,
ANALYTICAL METHOD, NUMBER OF  CASES,  RANGE,  and MEAN,  is
provided when available in  the source document.   All  means  are
arithmetic unless  designated  geometric.  When  only graphically
displayed  data are available, estimates are  calculated  by the
data extractor and so  indicated in  the  table under GENERAL
INFORMATION.

     In the column headed GENERAL INFORMATION,  a  variety of
information may be included such  as  that  pertinent to the
range and  mean as  well as experimental  design,  demography,
health effects, pathology,  morphology,  toxicity,  source,  half-
life,  and  use.  Keywords  (in  uppercase  letters) are provided
for further insight into  important aspects of  the source
documents.  The use of a different chemical  or tissue as  a
keyword indicates  that studies on that  chemical or tissue were
also reported in the same document.   In general,  all
supporting information deemed important for  understanding the
data presented will appear  in this column.

     Review articles are included in  the  data  base; however,
no data have been  extracted from  such documents since the
original research  articles  are included.  Review  articles are
designated in the  GENERAL INFORMATION column by the word
"Review."

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        ABBREVIATIONS FOR ANALYTICAL METHODS

AAS            Atomic absorption spectrometry
APDC-MIBK      Ammonium pyrrolidine diethiocarbamate-
                 methylisobutyl ketone extraction
ASV            Anodic stripping voltammetry
CC             Column chromatography
ES             Emission spectrometry
MS             Mass spectrometry
NA             Neutron activation

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                                                                                     DATA  TABLE
CadalOa
7««0-»3-9
Cd
»t» 112. »0, RP 321 C,  BP  765 C.  It 1 BB 89 at 390 C, 10 IB Hcj at 186 C
TISSDB

192
Blood












193
Blood
















199


















	 — — 	 •
EXPO SORB ROUTE















Inhalation

















Inhalation
Ingestlon


















k RkLTTICkl.
BETHOD
kkS



















































BOBBER
OP CkSKS
195»













a) 331
b) 332
cl 109
d) 109














a| 501
b| SOI
c) 072
d| 072
el 29
f) 29















BkBGE

1-30 og/dl













a) 0.01-0.97 ag/lOO al
b) 0.01-1.03 og/100 Bl
c) 0.02-0.61 og/100 al
d) 0.01-0. 88 og/100 si














a) 0.01-1.01 09/100 Bl
b) 0.01-1.03 09/100 al
c) 0.01-0.97 09/100 il
d) 0.01-1.03 og/100 il
e) 0. OH- 1.01 ag/100 al
f) 0.01-0.07 09/100 si








t





(BEIT
BE 111

S.O ag/dl













a) 0. 12 09/100 al
b) 0.10 09/100 Bl
c) 0.20 og/100 si
d) 0.07 09/100 al














a) 0. 1* ug/100 il
b) 0. 1 ug/100 Bl
c) 0. m ag/100 il
d| 0.09 ug/100 si
e) 0.29 aq/100 Bl
{) 0.21 ag/100 Bl














PkGE)
GEIEBAL ISPOBSkTIOI

levels not significantly related to
race, area of residence, educational
attainment or SBoking hatits. kuthor
consent: no coaplete trace seta!
exposure data for stated areas of
residence.
Military recruits fron Chicago and
adjacent areas in Illnois and Indiana
Inducted between June 2° and July 1°,
1969.
BLOOD; CkOBIOB; COPPER; LEkD; IMC;
iinkLS; kOB; S10KIRG; TOCtCCOS;
DIETS; ILIIROIS: TVDIklk; RkCIkt
STDOIES
a) Nonsaokers, Bothers
b) newborn of nonssokers
c) Saokers, Bothers
d) «ewborn of saokers

Saaoles froa 333 nanssoking and 10°
sinking European wosen and their
newborn. The voBen 11 »ea In or near
Brussels, Tonrnai, leaven (Loavaln) ,
and kntverp, Belgian representing
rural, urban, and industrial areas.
cigarette siokp
fllOOD: TRFkHTS; SIOKINl!; LEiD;
1EBCUBT; CkOBIDl; HSTkLS; CkBBOX
INOPGkllC C03POOHDS; COPPkRkTIV!!
EVktOkTIOBS: RDPkL k"E»S; ORBkV
kBFkS; TIDOSTRIkL kftfkS; BE1GTDH;
ElkCHlTk; OIBILICkL COS?
i) >ll voien
b) Ml newborn
c) 'oropean woaen
d) European newborn
e) nfro-ksian voien, aged in-oo yr.
loan 26 yr
f| kfro-ksian newborn
sasples taken at delivery fro*
Bothers bv veni puncture and froa
neohorn at the osbillcal cord. Th»
woii>n lived in areas of Belgius
(knt»*rp, Brussels, Lonvain. Toornai
iml Titvoorde) with various degrees
of industrialization and
'irbaniration.
«t-inn; kDOLTS; IRFkRTS; trkO;
"•PrtlBT: CkOBIOl; CkBSOV IIOBGkli;
COn?30«




•











                                                                                                                                                                                                    OI

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Cadaiua
7440-43-9
ca
AtB 112.40, HP 321 C, BP 76S C,  TP  1  mm Hg at 390 C, 10 mm Rg at 486 C
                                                                                       (COHTIHDED)
TISSUE

195
Blood




















196
Blood







197
Blood


19H
Blood





199
Blood











I IPO SORE BODTE






















_












Ingestlon
Inhalation


















ARALYTICAL
RETROD
AAS





















AST







A°DC-HIBK
MS


APDC-aiBK
AAS





US












ROBBEB
DP CASK
_ .
216





















a) 47
b) 90







4



369






a) 22
b) 20











RARGE

a) Hot given
b) Hot given
c) Hot given
d) Rot given
e) Hot given
f) Rot given
















a) <0. 1-9. 6 ug/100 ml
b) 0.07-3.72 ag/100 al







*
Rot given



0.0-2. B ug/100 al






a) 0.4-4.0 ng/g
b) 0.5-4.3 ng/g










(IBIT
REAN

a) O.S ug/100 al
b) 0.7 ag/100 si
c| O.S ag/100 al
d) 0.4 ag/100 si
e) 0.9 ug/100 si
f) 0.8 ug/100 ml
















a) 1.71 ag/100 el
b) O.S7 ag/100 al







0.3 ag/100 si



0.3 ag/100 ml






a) 1.8 ng/g
b) 1.5 ng/g










PAGE)
GFRERU IHFOSRATIOH

a) Pollcesen on foot patrol
b) Office workers in downtowr. Houston
(control for (a))
c) Garage attendants
d) irderlies and custodians (control
for (bll
e) resales living xlthln 2 blocks of
freeway
C| resales living away fros freeway
(control for (e) )
Six groups, each of 26 Individuals,
in the setropolitan area of Houston,
Tt, policesen on foot patrol, office
attendants, orderlies and custodians.
fesales living within two blocks of a
freevay, and fesales living atrav fros
) Yanosaeo population

100 blood donors, m-sa yr old, fros
Ann irbor, aicfcigan. 137 Tanoaaso
Indians fros Venezuela.
BLOOD; OBIME; HUP; VEHSZOBLA;
NER?a*T; CADHIQR; 1»AD; COPPZB;
.1ETALS; 1ICHIGA*


n tono: UBI»S; HAIR-, CAD.IIOH;
IRTESD1EHT; KIDHETS: LIVER; BETALS


Children, 1-8 he in Revark. HJ.
p»lit
CADHIDR; LEAD; ZIIC; BETALS; BLOOD;
CBIIDBEI-, PAIHTS; POPOLATIOR
EXPOSOBE; OBBAI AREAS; HER JERSEY
a) Preope rational values
b) postoperational values
Preoperatioaal values should be
regarded as better indicators of
long-ten average values.

Saaples (roe routine gallbladder
oeprations of 23 volunteers as
follovs: 19 woien, 31-66 vr (aean of
47 rc and 4 sen, 26-66 yr (lean of 32
yrl.
CADHIOH; SETALS; BLOOD; LIVES; BILE

PSFHEHCr

Johnson, D. F:.
Tlllcry, J.3.
E re»OR t , R. J.
1 9'Tf>


















Recker, l.'l.
Allen, H.S.
Dinaan, B.D.
Heel, J.V.
1974




Ollucci, P. A.
Rvang, J. Y.
19"'4

Bogden, J.D.
Singh, H.P.
Joselon, H. a.
1974



Blinder, C-C.
Kjellstroa, T.
Lind, B.
Bolander. fl.-L.
silander. T.
1978







                                                                                                                                                                                                o>

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Cadalua
7««0~«3-9
ca
»t» 112.«0, HP 321 C. BP 765 C. It  1 ••  Bg at  39«  C.  10 » 89 at 186 C
                                                                                      (CORTIROED)
TISSOE

200
Blood
















201
Blood

















202
Blood









--
EZPOSDBE BO DTE

Inhalation
Ingestion
















Ingeation
Inhalation





























aRALTTICaL
RETROD
US

















us


















us











ROBBEB
OF CaSBS
a) «0
b) 29
cl 45















a) 2
b| 2
c| IT



























•-
BaRGE

a) 0.02-0.11 ag/100 al
b) 0.01-0.27 ag/100 si
c) 0.01-0.21 ag/100 al















a) 1.5-5 ng/g
b) 0.8-65 ng/g
c) 3-60 ng/g

t














a) 0.3 - ».8 ag/100 el
b) Rot given





/



(HKT
REUR

a) 0.11 ag/100 al
b) 0.06 ag/100 al
c) 0.07 ag/100 al















a) Rot given
b) Rot given
c) Rot given
















a) 1.60 ag/100 al
b) 1.56 ag/100 el









PICK)
GEREBftL IRFOBIUTIOR

a) <1 ka froa Pb saelter
b) 2.5 ka froa Pb saelter
c) Rural area (Controls)

Saaples froa children, aged 10-11 yr.
living and going to school at various
distances fros a Pb saelter in
leuven, Belgian. Ro reaarkable
socioeconoaic differences vere fonnd
tetveen the groups, "olio*- op study
18 months after pollution control
aeasures vere iapleaented.
Ill children appeared in good health.
Scissions froa Pb saelter
LHD; cioniaa; nsrus; SRELTEBS.-
CHUMP"; BLOOD; OR IS!!; ERSIRES;
IHDOSTRI4L EBISSIORS; COHPHRWITB
EVUOITTORS; BE1GTDN; »tB POLLUTION
a) OB fore cd exposure
b) »ft«ir rd exposure
c) Ifter 1 yr exposure
Half-life calculated froa data for 1">
•orkers. Data fore other Cd studies
also used to derive and test aodel.
Saaples froa 17 nevly eaployed
(orders in a cd battery factory
(Sveden) . starting a >euk before
first exposure, staples vere
collected at veekly to aonthly
intervals for iboat a year. *actory
air vas aonLtored.
77 day*
Dust In cd battery factory
CaDRIUfl: *P.I»I.S; HOOD; 0/UNE;
RBT«OLTS!I; RIDRETS; T.IVP!!; DOS?;
HD1STSHI POttOTTO!!: SinKIIG;
3TOACCOiat»TIOS; SVSDP.R
«) controls
b) lutoiiorkers
•atovorkers vith high blood fb
levels.

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Cadaioa
7MO- » 3- 9

Ul I12.a0. IIP 321 C. BP 165 C. TP 1 •« HI at 39» c, 10 •• Hg at »86 C
                                                                                      (C01TIBOED1
TISSDK
203
Blood
20*
Blood
205
Blood






EXPOSURE BOOT!











mmiTTicAt
SETHOD
MS

us
MS







ROBBER
Of CtSR
25

16
a) 8
b) 11
c) 12
dl 13
•1 13
f| 12
g» 12
h| 8
                                                                           MICE
                                                                0.05-0. 58 ag/g vet  »t
                                                                0.2-2.4 ng/100 
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cadaina
7MO-W-9
cd
ktv 112. «0, HP 321 C, BP 765 C. TP  1 •• Bg at 39* C,  10  ••  Rg  at «8G C
                                                                                      (COBTXIOBD)
   TISSUE
  206
  Blood
  Blood
              BIPOS0BB BODTB
              Ingestion
              Inhalation
                                  klUYTXCiL
                                    HETBOD
                               US
  BUBBBB
 OP CiSBS
a)  31
b)  31
c)  27
d|  22
a)  22
a| 213
b) 216
d 39
                                                                           B1IGB
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given
•I lot given
a) 1-6 ng/g
b) 1-6 ng/g
c) 1-6 ng/g
   1.99 ag/100 al
   0.97 ug/100 al
   3.0 ag/100 al
   2.6 ag/100 al
   0.7 ag/100 al
a)  1.5 ng/g
b)  5.6 ng/g
c)  1.5 ng/g
                                                                                                                              GBIEUL TIFOBB1TXOI
a| Voaen occupational! y exposed (aean
tlaa 1.08 yc) to 31 ug/ca a  (total)
and l.a ag/ca a (respirable) cd daat
b) Controls  (•oaan)
c| Ban occupationally arpoaad (Baan
tiaa 8.6 ycl to 13« ag/ca a  (total)
and a aazlaaa 86 ug/cn a (resplnble)
doat
d) San oecnpationally exposed (aaan
tiaa 27.8 yr) to 66 ag/ca a  (total)
and 21 ag/ca a (raspicabl*) cd daat
a) Contcola  (a«n)

Vockara at an alactronic vockahop,
storage battery factory, and Cd
producing plant.  The aean ages «ar*
30. S yr(a). 38.6 yr(c) and 51.5 yr
(d) .  10% or aore ware aaokera.

Vorkers nith >20 yr exposure had
significant redactions in several
palaonary ventilatory fanctions and
sigaificart  levels of kidney daaage
(6B< shoved excessive proteinaria) .
•orkers »lth <20 yr exposure had no
significant changes in palaonary
fanctions, bat soae ahoved evidence
of kidney daaage.

float in Korkplace
                                                                                                                     nrms; CUDITOI; IIDOSTRIXL
                                                                                                                     POLLnrro*; BLOOD; ORTIB
a) Japan, 20-55 yr old
h) U.S., 11-^3 yc old, sacking hud no
effect
c) Sweden, adult*, htqher levels in
saokers
tecausa of differences in analytical
techniques no quantitative
coeparlRons can be aade between the 1
countries.

SuMocts in Japan and O.S., DO
occupational exposure to cd. Swedish
sublecti ne« oaployees of Cd battery
factory.
                                                                                                                     Food
                                                                                                                     Tobacco
                                                                                                                              aedian
                                                                                                                           j CAD1T01; FOOD
                                                                                                                             ; SIOKTRG;  «?E;  SRX:
                                                                                                                               K EViLOtTIOIS;  LIVV!!;
                                                                                                                              PMCREIS:  iRinr;  BLOOD;
                                                                                                                     FBCHS; .I»P»«: nUITRO ST»TBS;  TBIUS;
                                                                                                                                                                    BBFBBBICB
Lauverys, R.R.
Bochet, J.P.
Eoela, H.I.
Broovers, J.
Staaescu, D.
197«
                                                                                                                                                                                               (D
Kjellstroa. r.
1970
                                                                                      (
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Cadelua
7«»0-«3-9
cd
ttH 112.«0, BP 321 C. BP  765 C,  »P 1 •• Hg at 39« C. 10 11 Hg at  186  C
                                                                                       (CORTIRUED)
   TISSUE
  19*9
  BLOOd
  196*
  Blood
  Blood
EIPOSDRE SOOTE
Dersal
Inhalation























































ARALTTICAL
BETHOD












































US












ROH9EB
OP CIS IS
1

























a) 26
b) 19
cl 17
d) 5«
• | 37
f) 17
91 3»
h| 38
1) 7
jl <>









1












BARGE
a) Rot applicable
b) Rot applicable
c) 7.9-8.1 09/100 9
d) 5.0-17. 1 ug/100 9
•) 3.2-10.9 ug/100 g
f) 3.3-7.1 ng/100 g




















a) 1.30-4.27 ppb
b) 0.96-S.79 ppb
c) 0.2-2.1 ppb
d) 0.3-3.5 ppb
•) 0.2-1.8 ppb
f) 0.3-1.6 ppb
g) 0.2-1.5 ppb
h) 0.2-1.5 ppb
1) 0.1-1.8 ppb
J) 0.5-3.5 ppb









Rot given











. _ . . .
HEAR
a) 5.9 ug/100 g
b) 5.6 ug/100 g
c) °.0 ng/100 g
d) 11.05 ug/100 g
•I 8. 3 ug/100 g
fl S.22 ug/100 g




















a) 2.36 ppb
b| 2. 16 ppb
c) 0.9 ppb
d) 0.8 ppb
•1 0.8 ppb
Cl 0.68 ppb
g) 0.62 ppb
h) 0.66 ppb
i) 0.65 ppb
jl 1. 17 ppb









7.3 ug/100 al












CIIEflL HFICIUTIOI
al 1«72
b) 1973
C) 1»7M
d| 1971
e) 1976
f) 1977
tic letnls about 0.2 eg/cu • "i dust.
0.1 «g/ca * Cd fuse, 0.2 ag/cn a
Se02, 1.0 eg/cu a H2SOI and c.O ag/ca
a HOI fuio.
«9-yr-old chealcal plant worker (froa
1966 to 1«75) exposed prlaacllr to
CdS and selenide dust, soae soluble
Cd coa pounds. Patient treated (or P1-
poisoning In IIKI.
Lassltide. Insoanla. lightheadedness.
headache, easel* aches, joint pain.
pacesthesla in fingers, iepotence/
signlficart Height loss.
lild li»er <>nlarg*eent nith possible
cirrhotlc pattern and calcified
granaloaa on left long.
irrALS: rinniUH; LEAD: SEL»IIIOI:
ZTRC; BLOOD; OBIRE; KIORfTS; NET«L
POISORIRG; OCCOPATT011L RXZABDS;
A DOLTS
a) 0-3 TC old hospital patients
b) 4-6 yr old hospital patients
cl Residents < 1 ks fro* sseltec. age
2-3 it
d) Besidents 1-2 ka froa spelter, age
2-3 yt
o) Besidents > 2 ks froa seelter. age
2-3 yr
f) Age 2-3 yr, blood Pb < 100 ppb
g) Igr 2-3 jc. blood Pb 101-150 ppb
h| Age 2-3 yr, blood Pb 151-200 ppb
i)  250 ppb
Dutch subjects aged 2 so or older.
HETALS; CADSKH; COPPB*; IBOI; LEAD;
HARGARISB: ZIRC; 9LOOD; BLOOD SEBOil;
SHOKIIG; OPAL CORTBACEPTITBS;
IRDOSTBI3S; SHELTERS; ADOLTS;
CalLDBEl; SKI; RBTRBBLARDS
Patient eaployed at pigment factory
in Australia 11 yr. Bad history of
heavy sank ing and drinking.

Increasing dyspnea on exertion.
cough, and purulent spataa, acute
bronchitis, protelnuria and raised
plasma creatinine and urea levels.
Cadeiue carbonate dost in a pigaent
factory
1ETALS; C1DRIOR; BLOOD; OCCOPATIORAL
BIZABDS; HBTAL POISORIRG; AOSTBALIA;
CASE HISTOBIBS
SEFEBEKCF
Lerner, S.
Bong, r.o.
BoTian, B.C.
1979






















lielhuis, P.L.
del Castilho, ?.
Berber, P.r.l.
Vibovo, A.l.f.
1978














Meerkin, 1.
Clarke. R.
Oliphant, R.
1976









                                                                                       (REIT PAGE)

-------
Cadaina
7«0-»3-9
C4
• tl 112. «0, RP 321 C, BP 765 C.  If  1  ••  Bg at  39*  C,  10 aa Bg at 086 C
                                                                                      (COITIIOED)
TISSHI

2556
Blood

277 «
Blood
28»«
Blood

HPOSOBE BOOTH

Inhalation


Inhalation
Ing* at Ion
Ingest ion

r aMlTTIClL
HETBOD



US
(IS

IDRBBB
or cisBS
a) 90
b| 90
c| 25
11
a) 169
b) 168

B1ICE

a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
,
a) lot applicable
b) 9-11 ug/100 il
c) 13.3 * or - 0.38 to
U.5 t or - 0.52 ag/100
• 1
d) 10.1 » or - 0.90 to
22.2 » oc - 1.95 ag/100
•1
e) 8.9 » or - O.U9 to
18.8 • or - 1.21 ag/100
al
Banges of leans * or - SE
foe c| . d) , e)
/
a) 0.015-0.323 ag/100 al
b) 0.021-0.330 ag/100 il
(StBtT
HBIB

a) 0.6 ag/100 al
b) 2.5 ag/100 il
c| 2.6 ag/100 al
a) 0 ag/100 el
b) 10.0 ug/100 •!
e) 13.9 ag/100 il
d) 14.2 ag/100 •!
e) 13.7 ug/100 >1
al 0.0903 ag/100 al
b) 0. 1075 ag/100 al
PH-5E)
                                                                                                                               GBIEBUt IBrOBBlTIOH
a)  Controls
b)  lean exposure tiae 7.5 yc
c\  llean exposure tiae 27.5 yr

lorkers in cadslaa-aaing and
cadaiaa-prodacing factories, Belglas

Cough, lipalrsent of respiratory
(unction, and proteinuria of aixed
tubular/gloaernlar type.  Kidney sore
sensitive than lung.

Benal changes (tubular and gloaeralar
dysfunction) found saialy in vorkers
having higher than 1 eg Cd/100 al
blood and 10 «g cd/g creatinlne in
urine.
                                                                                                                               RIOOO; C»DIII01; IIDOSTBTIL
                                                                                                                      PLAITS; OCCDPATIOIIL B»IiPDS;
                                                                                                                                BSTKLS; OBIIf
                                                                                                                      i)  t now enplorees, start of study
                                                                                                                      b)  1 no* employees, day 120 after
                                                                                                                      start of study, values estisated froa
                                                                                                                      graphs
                                                                                                                      c)  2, eaployad 23 «k at start of
                                                                                                                      study, observed next 11-12 «k
                                                                                                                      d|  2, ««ployed 75 and 76 wk at start
                                                                                                                      of study, observed next 1° clgarf>tt»a/4ay.

                                                                                                                      1 «ork»rs »lth. longest duration of
                                                                                                                      exposure ahomd siqns of kidney
                                                                                                                      disturbances.

                                                                                                                      Industrial ateospher*
                                                                                                                                             ?OISO«Il«a;
                                                                                                                      BlOflO; OITIS; OCCaCatTOMI. HKkBDS;
                                                                                                                                 1THOSPUEBK; IfDDSISHt
                                                                                                                               CO*PMi»Tt?B «V»tO\TJ01S;
                                                                                                                                       !.
                                                                                                                                                              Stanescn, D.
                                                                                                                                                              1979
                                        Laaverys,  r.
                                        Poels,  H.
                                        Regnlers,  i.
                                        Buehet, J.P.
                                        Bernard,  ».
                                        Gorrt,  *.
                                         Kowal,  I.E.
                                         Johnsoc,  D. S.
                                         Kraeser,  0. F.
                                         Pahren. H.r.
                                         1979

-------
Cadaias
7MO-I3-9
Cd
»tw 112.«0. IIP 321 C. BP 765  r,  vp  1  .. Hg at 399 c, 10 •• Hg at «86 C
                                                                                       (COMTIMOBD)
TISS08
2975
Blood










207
Blood,
serue


208
Blood.
• hole
















209
Blood,
• hole




















EXPOSURE BOOTE

































Ingestion
Inhalation




















*
KHYTICU
1ETHOD
_ 	
MS











MS



	
MS
















MS





















MDRBEB
OF CISSS
	
a) 83
b) 123














37
35
Controls
















•IS"1, 259
Controls





















RtMGE
a) Mot given
b) Mot given










at Not given
b) Mot given



a) Mot given
b) Mot given
ct Mot given
d) Mot given
e) Mot given
f) Mot given













a) Mot given
b) Mot given
c) Mot given



















(MBIT

a) 0.091 « or - 0.11S
ag/g
b) 0.076 » or - 0.10"
ua/g








a) 0.0017 ag/al
b) 0.0022 ag/al



a) 2.38 ag/100 al
b) 2.02 ag/100 nl
cl a. 33 ag/100 •!
d) 3.70 ag/100 ml
B) 6. 5« ag/100 ml
f) 6. US ag/100 al













a) 0.21 ag/100 al
b) 0.30 ag/100 si
c) 0.20 ag/100 si



















P»GB)
cpRpm nw..»Tin»
at Internal
t) Fetal
Dry vt basis

Saaples froa « hospitals in
Mashvllle, TM.

I*LAC^*T%' NE^LS* TR^T? SLBSFHTS;
TEMMESSEE; BLOOD; R»IR ; CO!IPki)tTTVF
BTM.OHTT01S; JPRCORT: LE1D; CODHTOH;
SELFII'JV B09IDI01; IROJ; IIIT;
COB»LT
, .._ .,. 	 . 	 	 .
at 10 al saaple
h) 100 il saeple

7.IX-; 1PT»LS: BLOOD SBB1H;
(irrnoDS; COPPER; cionion
at Control, saokers
b) control, non-ssokers
c) Chronic renal failare.
pre-dialysls, seokers
d) Chronic renal failare.
pre-dialysis, non-ssokers
e) chronic renal failare.
post-dialysis, ssokers
(I Chronic renal failure.
post-dialysis, non-saokers
no correlation betveen Cd
concentrations and renal disorders or
tone diseases.
Hospital patients (ssokers and
non-ssokerst with chronic c<-nal
failare.
cioiio*; BLOOD; OPXMC: KIDMEIS;
DISUSES; BOME DISB1SES; RET1LS;
OMITED FTMGOOH
at Lead saelter towns
b) tine sselter toons
c) Controls

Saaples froa children living in 19
tons «ith prlaary non-farroos
saelters. Control gronp of saae ages
in three cosaunities vithoat
sselters.
Reports froa Industry of cad sins
nearopathy coald not be related to
loner-level exposures described in
this survey.
Stack eaissions
usERic; LE»D; ciDmoa; HUB; BRIME;
BLOOD; RRTTHROCinSi SRELIEBS;
COPPER; EIIC; CHILDBSM; POFQUTIOR
RXPOSOBC: HBTtLS; UP POLLOTIOM;
• HBR POLIO HOM; RBI SBXICO:
RISSOORI; 1BIKJM1; aORARt;
TBMMESSEE; MEViDI; BICBIGtM;
ORUBORt; TBIiS; PERMSTLT1MI1

•EPBRE-ICR
Baglan, R.J.
Bril, I.e.
Schnlpr'., '-
Hilton, D.
Larsen/ K.
Dyer, S.
Fans^ur, (1.
Schaffnec. u.
Hoffaan, L.
Davies, J.
1070
	 	
Falchat, >.->.
rvenson, f.
Vallef, n.L.
19711
	
silllen, E.T.
Hync, P.F.B.
197«
















Baker, E. L. , Jr.
flayes, C.G.
Landrlgan, P.J.
Handke, J.L.
Leger, B. T.
Bousenorth, V.J.
Parrlngton, J.R.
1977















                                                                                                                                                                                                ro

-------
cadaiua
7MO-»3-9
C4
at" 112.»0, HP 321 C, BP 765 C, VP 1 •• Bg at 39* C. 10 •• 89 at  «86 C
                                                                                      (COITXIOBD)
TISSDE
210
Blood.
•hole




211
Blood,
Dhole


.
212
Blood,
whole

1723
Blood.
whole



~—
BXPOSOIB BOOTB









Ingestlon

Inhalation




AIALYTICIL
BETBOD
US








APDC-RIBK
US

us




IOHBBB
or CASES
a) 125
b| 105
c| 35
d) 90
e| 26
f) 79




31



60

7 saokers,
8
non-stoker
s




BAIGE
a) <0. 01-1. 77 ng/100 al
b) <0.0«-0.69 og/100 al
c) 0.06-0.62 ng/100 al
d) <0.0«-1.77 ng/100 al
a) <0. 04-0. 69 ng/100
f| <0.0»-0.02 ag/100 al




<9-133 naol/1



7-62 ng/g

a| 7.3-67.2 ug/1
bl n. 0-62. 6 ng/1
c) «.9-10.5 ug/1
d| U.3-13.2 ug/1
/



	 — - -j;E]^
1EAI
a) 0. 1« ng/100 al
b) 0.12 uj/100 al
c) Hot given
d) lot giren
e| lot given
fl lot given




lot given



26 ng/g (lelian)
„
al 2i.7 ng/1
bl 16.0 ng/1
c) 7. o ng/1
d| 6.4 ng/1



PAGE)
GIIBBAL TBTORBATIOII
a) Persons living 2 ka fcoa aaelter
b) Contcols
el Seekers living 2 kn Ccoa aaelter
d| lon-saokers living 2 ka ftoa
eeeltec
e| Saokecs. control area
f) ion-seekers, control area
Saaplas Croa residents of Denver.
Colorado, age rang* 1-82 yr, 3 IX
•kite, 18< black, «2<
Kexlcan-taecican, 6.7 aean
residential years in area, one case
of possible occupational exposure.
Do indication of heaatopoietlc or
renal dysfunction.
Stack ealssions
CID1I01: POPOLKTIOI EXPaSQRE; !IETlLS;
rOLia»00; SKItLTBBS; IIS POU.OTIOI;
TOBICCOS; SHOKIIG; BLOOD; DRIVE
Besldents near sine nine. High value
froa indastrial exposure, next
highest value is 59 naol/1.
Residents of Shiphas, Sosersrt , "here
soil Cd das high. 11 feaales. aged
21 to 9-> yc. 17 aales, aged IS to 79
If-
Tncreas«4 prevalence of hypertenaion
and other stigaata of cardiovascular
dlsoaao. evidence of rvnal tubular
daaigo.
C»D^n«; tllC; tE«D; BRTHLS; 1THTIC-, .
BLOOD; I1ITTSO KIIQDO!): flPTHt.
poisoiiio; POOD comimrro"
Japanese voaen living in a
contaainated area.
Tontavlnated food and nater
IB^MS: CltDHIOK; JAP»»; BLOOD; OPT«r
a) Seokirs, before vacation, average
vorklnq tiae 1 Tt
b) SIO^ACB, after 1 so vacation,
avenge nocking tiee S yr
c) won-s*ok*ra, before vacation,
averagfl working tlae i yr
d) 
-------
Cadslus
TS»0-«3-9
Cd
Ati 112.10, HP 321 C, 8P 765 C, TP 1 as Hg at 39* C, 10 ss Bg at 186 C
(COITII1EO)
TISSDB

1436
Blood,
• hole
















2S36
Blood.
whole









232
Kidney



















EXPOSORB ROOTE
,
Inhalation
Ingestion

















Dersal
Inhalation































AIALYTICAL
BETBOD
AAS

















AAS











CC
AAS



















BOBBER
Of CASES
35

















69











al 1>
b| S
cl 21


















RAIGE

a) 0. 15-1. 3 ug/100 al
b) 0. 19-0.24 ug/100 el












.




lot given











a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
dt lot given
e) lot given
f) lot given















MEAN

al 0.93 ug/100 si
b) 0.38 ug/100 al

















0.36 ug/dl











a) 15.20 ag/g dry vt
b) 219 ug/g dry wt
c) 83 ug/g dry wt
d) 95 ag/g dry wt
e) 117 ug/g dry >t
f) 49 ag/g dry wt















GKIEBAL IiroftlATIOl

t) Exposed workers, range for 9
subjects
b) Onexposed workers, range (or 2
subjects
levels correlated with length of
esploysent.
workers, exposed and unexposed, in a
handaade-jewelrv plant.
Dyspnea, chest pain, dysnria.
dizziness. Irritability, headache.
fatigue, nasal congestion, dry south.
polytrla, anossia, eye irritation.
Cadaiaa oxide fuses generated froa
heating cadslna-containing brazing
alloy.
1FMLS; CADBIOH; OCC1PATIOIAL
BAZASDS; BKALTB BAZA?DS: BETAL
POISOHl?; PLOOD; OSHS; HUE; IEV
imico
Lead saelter workers esployed at
least 1 yr

Lead saelter workers, aean age 12. 1
yr, aean esploysent 11.3 yr.
Controls, sean age »9.7 yr, scan
esploysent 4.a yr. All froa southern
CA.

1ETII.S: LEAD; AttSElIC; CADXIOT;
BLOOD; ADOLTS; OCCUPATION Al HAZARDS;
COMPARATIVE FVALOATIORS; ClLITOPni\
a) Low setallothloneln in cortex
b) nigh aetallothlonein in cortex
c) Reference group * no
setallothionein in cortex
d) Low setallothionein in sedalla
e) High setallothionein in sedalla
f) Reference group - no
setallothionein in sedalla
The absence of setallothionein
contained with a low body burden of
cadsius seesed to be associated with
longevity.
Ipproxlaately half of the group had
died of cardiovascular disease. In
group b) « or 5 were ssokers and
eventually died froa cardiovascular
disease.
CADNIVB; BBTALS; KIDKEYS; LIVfB;
POPOLATIOI BXPOSORE; HSTALLOPROTEIIS;
«IC; SBOKIIG; CABDIOVASCOLAB
DISEASES; IOR«AT
5Err?RHCE

Baker, K.L.
Peterson, v.k.
Roltt, J. L.
Coleaan, C.
Landrigan, P.J.
197?













Spivvy, ;.h.
arown, C.P.
Baloh, 3.W.
Caapion. D. S.
Valentine, J.I.
Nassey, r.J.
Brov4y, 3.L.
culver, B.D.
1979



Syversen, T.L.T.
1975



















(IEZT PACE)

-------
ca.dxdi»
7MO-»3-9
ca
ItV 112.10, HP 321 c, at 765 C, TP  1 •• Rg at 39* C.  10  •• Hg  at  186 c
                                                                                      (COITZIOBD)
   TISSUE
  233
  Kidney
  231
  Kidney
  235
  Kidney
  236
  Kidney
              EXPOSURE BOOTH
Ingestion
Inhalation
                 us
INU.TTICIL
flETHOD
5


s



s

9C-RIBK
s



RORBBB
or c»sss
a| 267
b) 9


50



3 laaples
(9
dstersinat
ion«l

1



HUGE
a) 1-152 09/9 net «t
b) 5-156 ag/g eat lit


602.56-5350.51 pps



2.1-167 ppl

a) lot applicable
b) lot applicable

/

HE»1
a) lot giT*n
b) lot given


- - -
15«6. 82 ppa



72.6 pp«

a) 53 ppa vet tit
b) 35 ppa net «t



GEIEH1L IIPORRaTIOl
a) lov-Cd exposure
b) Righ-Cd exposare
Values »re for renal cortex
Data supports preal»e of eqniaolar
increases In Zn nith Increased Cd in
kidneys if Cd Is <60 ig/g net vt
288 kidney cortex sasples, 289 liver
sasples, and 285 pancreas sasples
fron 292 antopai.es perforsed in
Stock hoi a, Sveden. The Stockhola
area is a lo»-Cd exposure area so
additional liver and kidney cortex
sasples nere obtainedfron aatopslea
on 6 sen and 3 vonen vho had lived
near or iiorked in Cd-eeitting plants.
ZIIC; C»OnTOB; BIOkCCDROLtTIOl;
SfBDBI; COnPaRKTirr ETaLtUTKns;
tITEB; IIDIBTS: PUCBBIS; BSTILS
f lives given are expressed as ash
(flight. Correlations between
kidney-liver Cd levels »ere strongest
and hair-lung levels matest.
kntopsies of SO subjects In •>« York
city between the ages of 11 to 40
years.
lost sibjects Here accident or
hoaiclde vlctiss. lany suffered froa
narcotise, cancer, and cardiovascular
disxases.
0*01101; nrrnis; »OTOPSI»S; WM TOBK;
KM1FTS: tTVEP; WIGS; RMR;
BTOICCanDliTIOl
Flaseless tuohnlqve
Reterogonons dlstribatloa o' rd in
the organ.
lutopsy saaples
BLOOD; 'JiTKB; HUP; fUD^'UI;
TITFJO'FIT; KIDIBTS; LITEB; RETM.S
a) Penal cortex
it) 3enal eelnll*
7a-year-ol<1 vosan «lth Itai-itai
disoaso. In the Icbi Fiver basin.
Severe pain throughout *kole body
oeforaltles of lover extresities
LTfFR; KIPIBTS; PUCBSHS; LHKS;
losriFS: SKI*; rmcHE*; sio.ura;
IHtBOin ILtlDS: SPLBEI; tDREUl
GUVDS; »PII»; 3IBS; SPIRaL COBD:
T'H7""m*; I»T»STI»ES; SSOPBUGOS;
CUDnlUI; ITIC; RETkLS; OISBISES;
usiic; :\st tiisto'iK: AUTOPSIES
REFEKBICE
Blinder, C-G.
Plscator, R.
Linnaan, L.
1977


olera. D.G.
1976



ailacci, P.t.
Rvang, J.t.
1»7«

•ogava, K.
Ishizakl, t.
Fnkaahiaa, R.
1<»7S



                                                                                      (NCIT P»GE)
                                                                                                                                                                                              O1

-------
cadelai
7MO-a3-9
Cd
At» 112.»0. IIP 321 C. BP 76S C. »P  1 ••  Hg  at  3»«  C.  10 •• Hg at 186 C
                                                                                       (COITIIOED)
TISSUE
237
Kidney


236
Kidney


239
Kidney



2*0
Kidney


EIPOSO?E ROUTE






Ingest Ion






AIALTTICAL
BBTBOD
	
AAS

.
AAS


US



its


ROBBER
or CASES
a) 7
bl 7
C| 10
d| 9
•1 17
f| -"O


a) 33
b) »2


a) 222
b) 122



30


BAIGE
a) Mot given
b) lot given
C) lot given
d) lot given
•1 lot given
fl lot given


a) 2.7-B5. 1 ug/g dcf vt
b) 11.6-221 ug/g dry vt


a) lot given
b) lot given



10-9» ag/g vat «t

(IBXT
REII
a) 0.05 ppi » t »t
b) 13.33 ppi «t «t
c) 21. «0 ppi at vt
d) 30.09 ppi it vt
•) 11.58 ppi et vt
f) 11.92 ppi it vt


a) 1S.1 ug/g dcr vt
b) 57.1 ug/g dry vt
Gioietcic liana


•1 29.1 ug/g
b| 31.3 ug/g



17 ag/g ««t vt

P10K)
GU'RIL IIFOPlVTIOl
iO '1-1 lopth
b) ?-5 Tc
c) 2S-I1 jc
d| 55-ss ye
o) olack* - both 
yc vho died in 197« and 1975.
CkDIIOl; COPPES; ZIIC; flETlLS; TRACE
ElllRITSi KIDJETS; PQpnLtTIOl
EIPOSOBE: S BEDEW
al lales
t) fllalli
Biological half-tins (BUT) obtained
by observation of accasnlation fros
0-°0 r*acs and calculation by a
•athesatical lodel.
tutopsy saiples fen Tokyo accident
victiis vlth no knovn occupational
expoaace.
17 vr
cionini; fMciRT; LEf); amis:
IOTOPSIES; BIOICCDTOHTIOI; tGB; S»I;
rooos; j»Pi«
Saiples fcoi 30 cadavers to central
Japna. nan age of 39 yeacs, extent
of heavy ictal exposure unknovn.
1ETILS; tBSEHC; BIBntlOB; BTSROTH;
CIDIIDS; CHSOSIO-; COBALT; COPPER;
BIBCORT; BBTRIl BEBCDBI COHPCOIDS;
BtlGAIBSE; BOtlBDEIOl; IICKEL; LEAD;
AITIBOIt; TA1AOIOB; SXIC; BIUI;
TBACHEA; LOIOS; BT5ABTJ LITER;
P1ICRBAS; S?IBBI;KIDIBIS; ADBEIAL
GLAIDS; IITSSniES; TBSTBS; OTAH1BS;
HOSCLBS; Sill; BLOOD; BOIES; ADIPOSE
TISSOE; CADA»B8S; JAPAI

BEPESP"CIT
Gross, S. B.
re«g«c. P.*.
niWendocf, n.s.
1«76


Plindec, C-;.
Kjellstcoe, r.
1977


sngita, (1.
1978



Suiino, K.
Bavakava, X.
Shlbata, T.
Hitaaora, S.
19"»5



-------
Cadsloa
7MO-»3-9
ca
Itl 112.»0, HP 321 C, BP 765 C.  T?  1  •• 89 at 39* C,  10 •• Hg at *86 C
                                                                                       (COITIIOP.D)
TISSOI
2*1
Ildney


2*2
Kidney


2*3
Kidney

1726
Kidney




MFOSOIB 800 IB








Ingest ion
Inhalation




llaLTTICU.
RETROD



us


m

us




IORBEB
OP CaSES



al 6
b) 11
c| 11
dl 5
el 10
fl 9


a) 115
bl 93
c| 12
d) 11

al 15*
b| 16*
c| 285




BalGB



a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d| lot given
e) lot given
f) lot given


a) <87 ppi
bl 87-200 ppi
c) 200-2*8 ppi
d) >2*8 ppi

a) 1.2-82.6 ag/g vet vt
b) 7.*.- 26. 3 ag/g v*t vt
c) 1.3-29.0 ag/g vet vt
Bang* of leans.



(IZIT
BEII



a) 1260 ag/g ash vt
b| 7*2 ag/g ash vt
c) 1860 ag/g ash vt
dl 933 ag/g ash vt
e) 2890 ag/g ash vt
f| 1630 ag/g ash vt


a) lot given
b| lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given

a| »9.7 ag/g vet vt
b| 17.6 ag/g vet nt
c) 19.1 ag/g v*t vt



PVGEI
GBIEBIL IITOIRaTIOl
Bevlev
chronic bronchitis, eiphyseia,
aneila. hypertension
Protelnaria, daeage to renal t abates,
formation of renal stones, Itai-Itai
disease
CMUIIOH; SEMIS; TIDOSTBIaL
poLLorioi; ail potion oi; IATEB
POLLOTIOI; POOD COITaRIIlTIOl;
BETDBOlISn; BIOaCCOHOLaTIOl; REflBv;
ITTFB; KTDIBTS
a) vorsotcnaive nonseokers
b| Hypertensive nonsiokers
c| loreotvnsive cigar, pip*, or
cheroot siokers
d| Hypertensive cigar, pipe, or
cheroot ssokers
e| voriotensive cigarette seokera
f| hypertensive cigarette siokers
Penal tissae taken at necropsy in 2
Danish hospitals.
Sasples *co» patients, aged »S-S% In
2 hospitals covering arban
(Copenhagen) and rural (island of
Xealand) districts.
C1D*TO«: IF.TaLS; KIDIEYS; SROKIXG;
Groups baited on perceetlles
al To 10th
b| To 10th
c| To Hth
cd vor^ers, vlth noreal renal
function. 78 vlth renal dysfunction
hal nliilar levels.
101 aale vorkers in Cd planta in
Belqlm.
CA01IOV HVTILS; KIDK^IS; QBIIE;
tlf'1; HKLGIOlf: OCCnPHTIOHL fUZAIDS
a) Japan, 1-70 yr old
b| J.S., 10-59 yr old
cl ^veden, 2-"° yr old
values for cortei. Levels increase
tj aqe at-60 th»n decrease.
ion-occa?»t tonally eirpond victim of
accidental or sudden death.
Tobacco
•(STUS; ctOaTIUI; FOOD C1IT*inHTTOI;
T3B«CmS; S10KT1R; *RF; SEI;
rWPa»»TT»? EVILOkTTOIS; LIVB*:
Ktnisys; PktcREkS; WTIS; BLOOD;
Fliers; J»P»»; TiTf^D ST»T5S; ?!«S;
Sv?1)!!!!

BBPBIEICB
lordberg, G.P.


Osterqaard, K.
1977


Boels, llstros, T.
1979





-------
Cadaiaa
7««0-»3-9
Cd
*tv 112.«0, HP 321 C. BP 765 C, TP  1  as Hg at 391 C.  10 » Rg at 086 c
                                                                                       (CORTIROED)
   TISSUE
  2134
  Kidney
  28«8
  Kidney
  2987
  Kidney
  30*2
  Kidney
  308 •
  Kidney
              EXPOSURE ROUTE
Ingestion
                                   ARaLTTICkL
                                     METHOD
                                kkS
                                ES
                                        ROBBER
                                       3P  C»S5S
                                      162
                                      a)  13«
                                      bl  73
                                      c|  88
                                                                           HMGE
                                                   1.0-00.3 ug/g
                                                   2.97-108.66 ug/g  (vet)
                                                   1.0-100 ug/g vet »t
                                                   100-200 ag/g
a) lot given
b| lot gi»«n
c) Rot given
                                                                                16. S  ag/g
                                                                                20.99  ag/g  (vet)
                                                                                2*  ag/g  wet  »t
                             lot  given
a)  92.* pps
b)  79.1 ppa
c)  75.2 ppa
                                                     Post loctel, subjects 6 Bonths to  ">3
                                                     jr old, (com Sriabane, Hustralis.
                                                                                                                                      ; L»D;  KI3DETS;
                                                                                                                                      oi»i  RtziPDS;
                                                                                                                      JOSTRHiri: COIPkRtTITf  ETAlOirlO»S
                                                     Cortex,   cd Increases »lth age.
                                                     Rlqhec In snokeca th
-------
7*39-92-1
Pb
»tB 207.2, HP 327.» C, BP 17«0 C, TP 1.77 •• Bg at 1000 C, 1 •• Bg at 970 c, 10 a* Hg at  1160 C
   TISSUE
  701
  Blood
  702
  Blood
  703
  Blood
  704
  Blood
EXPOSURE RODTE
Inhalation
Ingestion


Inhalation
Ingestion



Inhalation

Ingestion
Inhalation





kllLTTICIL
HETBOD
1PDC-HXBK
US


US



us

us





•OBBBB
OP CASES
201


215
children,
105
•others



3. 3
Controls

2209. 355
Controls





RMGE
a) 5-«0 ag/100 •!
bj lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given


a) 28-57 ag/100 al
b) 15-63 ag/100 •!



a) 23-31 ag/100 ml
b) 32-52 ag/100 al

a) Wot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given
'



(H?JT
HEkl
a) 15 ag/100 el
b) 18.2 ag/100 el
c) 13.0 ag/100 al
d) 14.9 ag/100 al


a) 40 ag/100 al
b) 32 ag/100 al



	 	 	
a) 26.5 ag/100 •!
b) 41 ug/100 •!

a) 55.8 ag/100 •!
b) 39.0 ag/100 si
c) 10. fl ag/100 •!
d) 10.2 ug/100 •!




P»GE)
GBIBIkl IlrORRkTIOl
a) 111 children
b) children «lth history of pica
c) Children of occupational! y exposed
parents
d) Children of non-occapationally
exposed parents
lone of the children had abnorially
high blood Pb.
Children resided close to
lead-saeltlng cosplex.
CHILDBM; BLOOD: LBkD; HETkLS;
AOSTRALIA: SHELTERS
a| 1-100 seters fros suiting norks
bj 400-500 seters fros saelting works
Levels of 00 ag or sore/100 el blood
suggests excessive exposure. There is
no significant relationship tetwen
intelligence and behavior disorder
and current Pb level.
The people live in the vicinity of
lead saelting works vithl n 500 evters
of the factory, k dnsp for
battery-lead scrap is nearby.
Saelting vorks, dasp for battery lead
scrag, (heels of vehicles, norking
clothes
IP in; CHILDPBI; BLOOD; OTCD?UIOIIL
RII11DS; IltlDSTPHL DISEASES;
eEiinna DISORDERS; HBTALS; SHELTERS;
OS1TEO KIKGDOH
i) Pro-exposare
Paios fros firing veapons
H'UTH 11ZIRD3; LEIO PPISOtriO;
P0HS; OCCUPItlOIUl I>TS*»SSS:
TinOSTITAL 1T1IB1T; PSTllS; »TP
POLLUTION; PLOPIDA; 4LOOO; OPIH*
i) ie»vy occupational exposure, 20 or
sore cigarettes dally
b) tenty occupational exposure, never
saoted
c) "ontrol^, 21 or sore cigarettes
dally
d) ron»rols, never snored
SaaplR* fro* 220° sen occupation* lly
exposed to lead and froa 355 controls
representing the general population.
•ftoct jf saekinq on lead absorption
In vorkers eay be explained ty
lapalraint of long defense
aectianlsas.
•n»tconaont«l contailnation of
clgnrettes and fingers tilth lead
particles.
tt^; 1LOOD; SI«OKTIQ; TOBkCCOSj
"T-"'»TIO« MTOSOIE; OCCOPATI01AL
'I \7\FDS; LURGS; AGt; ^B7ALS; PIlLkID

RBPBRBICE
On«, H.K.
Blsby, J.A.
Shandar, A.S.
1976


Lansdovn, B.:.
Clayton, B. E.
Grahas, P.J.
Shepherd. J.
Delves, R.T.
Turner, I.e.


_
Ananla, ~.L.
Lucas, J.B.
Set*, J.l.

Tola. S.
loidaar, C.H.






-------
Lead
7439-92-1
?b
AtR 207.2. RP 327.4 C. DP  17HO  C.  TP 1.77 ma H9 at 1000 C, 1 mm Hg at 970  C.  10  ••  Hg at 1163 C
                                                                                       (CORTIROED)
TISSOE
. -
70S
Blood


706
Blood




707
Blood


708
Blood


EXPOSURE ROOTE



Inhalation
Ingestion










ARALTTICAL
RETROD
AAS







-, - .
AAS

-



BOBBER
3F CASES
64. 30
controls


73




	
5


IB


RARGE
a) Rot given
b) Rot given
c) Rot given


a) 12-61 ag/100 al
b) 8-40 ag/100 ml




a) 50-60 ag/100 ml
b) 20-40 ag/100 ml


2.1-6.0 ppm


HEAR
a) 25. 5 ug/dl
b( 18.1 ug/dl
c) 19.8 ag/dl


a) 31 ag/100 ml
b| 19 ag/100 ml




a) 54 ag/100 •!
b) 36 ag/100 ml


3.7 ppm


SFSERAl TRFOSHATIOR
a) lentally retarded, etiology
unknown
b) SenMlly retarded, probable
etiology
c) Controls
samples from subjects drawn from
clinics in Ren Tork cl»y. Retard
subjects were patients at
Developmental Evaluation clinic, i
range from 4-12, 65 males and 2«
females. 62 Blacks. 23 Hispanics,
Caucasians, T.O.'s of 55-04 in tei
group.
ELO3D; LEAD; PETALS; »!TA»OITT1«;
CHILD9ER; A1E; REV TORK
a) Smelter area
b) Orban control area
Hethod of analysis not given.
Sarvey between April and Rovembec
1473 of 16 families living less tt
150 meters from Smelter A and of
urban control families.
non-specific neurological
abnormalities
Redaction in peripheral nerve
velocity
Increased excretion of M.H and
copraporphyrins.
Increased density in bone metaphyi
LEAI; CBILDREI: ABOT.TS; DOST;
1ETABOLISH; BLOOD; RAIR; S4ELTEB5
COPBOPOHPHTRIRS; RFTALS; CARADA
a) Before chelation therapy
b) ACter chelation therapy
Five adllt male demolition worker
from a work force dismantling old
iron structures covered with
lead-containing paint.
LEAD: LITER; PBOTOPORPRTBIRS;
LETOLIRIC ACIDS: EIZTRES;
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS; HETALS
Determinations were also done on
and Interior paint, possible soar
of contamination. e>
18 preadolescent legro children i
Charleston. SC dental clinic.
BLOOD; RAIR; TEETH; OULDRER; LEA
SOILS; PAIITS; RBTALS; SOOTH CABO
                                                                                        (IEXT PAGE)
                                                                                                                                                                       REPS'JBIICE
                                                                                                                                                                Davll,  <>.
                                                                                                                                                                Hoffman.  S.
                                                                                                                                                                HcGann. B.
                                                                                                                                                                Sverd,  J.
                                                                                                                                                                Clark,  J.
                                                                                                                                                                Roberts,  T.1.
                                                                                                                                                                Ratchioson,  T.C.
                                                                                                                                                                Paciga, 3.
                                                                                                                                                                chattopadhyay,  A.
                                                                                                                                                                Jervis, r.E.
                                                                                                                                                                Van  Loon,  J.
                                                                                                                                                                Parkinsor.,  D.r.
                                                                                                                                                               rischbein,  \.
                                                                                                                                                               Alvares,  A.?.
                                                                                                                                                               Anderson,  K.E.
                                                                                                                                                               sassa,  s.
                                                                                                                                                               Kappas,  p.
                                                                                                                                                                Rabercam, J.»,
                                                                                                                                                                Hell, J.E.
                                                                                                                                                                Beigart, J.R.
                                                                                                                                                                Croft, R.V.
                                                                                                                                                                197»

-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
»ts 207.2. BP 327.0 C, BP 17«o C. TP 1.77 •• 89 at 1000 c, 1 •• Bg at 970 c. 10 •• Hg at 1160 C
                                                                                     (C01TIIOBD)
TISSOE
709
Blood


710
Blood


711
Blood


712
Blood


EXPOSOBB BODTE



Inhalation


Ingestion




AIALTTICAl
BETROD
US


US


us


us

•DBBER
OF C1SES
119


a| «8
b) 07


al 18
b| 5
cl 5
dl «
•I 6


a| 2»
b| 23

BAIGB
2-81 ag/100 al


a) lot given
b) lot given


a| lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
dl lot given
e) lot given


a| 23-61 ag/100 al
b| 18-61 ag/100 al

BEA1
26.2 ag/100 al


a) 32.9 ag/100 •!
b) 10.3 ag/100 al


al 21.8 ag/100 al
b) 01.6 ag/100 al
c) 46.2 ug/100 al
d| 65.0 ag/100 al
e| "'3.3 ag/100 al


a| 37.1 * ar - 10.9
ug/100 al
b) 35.8 » or - 10. 1
•ig/100 al

GEIEtUL IIFOBBATIOI
Deaonstration of a blood Pb
concentration (BLC| of diagnostic
significance in a faally dog
increased the probability sixfold of
finding, in the faeilv, child with a
11C similarly increased.
1 19 children froa 83 lotf-iacoae
suburban Illinois faallles
LIAD; CBILDBBI; DOGS;
Bio»ccoaanTio»; BLOOD; BETILS;
ILLTIOTS
-
a) study group
b) Controls
Levels In 7 or OS vendors exceeded 00
ng/100 al, an accepted 'level of
concern." •
Saaples (roa «8 gasoline vendors,
eaployed ID this capacity for a aean
of 7.7 years, aean age of 31.6 years
control group of 17 persons
unconnected «ith gasoline industry,
aean age of 25. 5 years.
intl; HRTJILS; BLOOD; LEAD OSGAItT
C01P0010S; OCCOPATIOIAL HAZARDS;
SKI1!; GJSnilRE: jqSTtM.Il
a) 0-100fl ppa
b) 1000-2000 ppa
cl 2000-3000 ppa
«) 5000-6000 ppa
e| 7000-10,000 ppa
Oust leal.
Investigation during Deceaber, I0"
anl .lani^ry. 1976 In leaphls.
Household contaainatlon
M»Z»f>DS; 1FTHLS; METAL »OISO|T|n;
a) lales
Children, preschool, «-5 yrs.
Clinically asyaptoaatic vith
aodecately high exposure to Ph.
velther elevate) Mood levels fover
ranje T'-lo ag/100 ill nor presence
of lead vorker In the residence had
significant effects on developaental
and behavioral functions tested.
Group vlth Pb levels between 3* and
BO »/100 al did consistently less
veil than did those Kith lover lead
levels.
IFAI; HLOOD; rtllDFFV,; 1ETALS;
BPUtnR DTSORDCRS; tJITTED KIHGDO1
BEFEBEICE
Thoaas, C.v.
Rising, J.L.
Boore, J.I!.
1976


Boore, P. J.
Pridaore, s.t.
Gill. G.F.
1976


Baker. B.L. , Jr.
Folland, D. -.
Tavlor, T.».
Frank, 1.
Peterson, w.
Lovejoy, c.
cox. 0.
Roasvorth, J.
Landrigan. P..'.
1077


•atcllffa. J.'.
197'

	 	 """ " (»HT P»lf)

-------
Lmd
7*39-92-1
Pb
»tw 207.2. HP 327.* c. BP 17HO C, TP 1.11 •• Rg at 1000 C, 1 •• Hq at »70 C.  10  » Hg  at  1160 C
                                                                                      (COITI1QED)
   TISSUE
  713
  BlOOd
  Blood
  715
  Blood
EXPOSURE ROOT!

Ingastion





































Inhalation

















klkLTTIMl
HETBOD






































US

















RORBER
OP CASES
«| 95
b) 210
C) 250




































• I 333
b| 333
cl 109
d) 109














E1IGE

a) 12-150 U9/100 il
b) 10-18 og/100 il
c) 10-160 09/100 al





















10- HO U9/100 al














a) 3.1-31 og/100 ml
b) 2.7-27.3 og/100 .1
c) 5.0-20.9 og/100 el
d) 3.0-16. 1 09/100 il














HE MI

a) 13.9 119/100 •!
b) 31.3 09/100 il
c) 30.7 09/100 ml





















18.3 09/100 ml














a) 10.0 og/100 ll
b) 8.1 09/100 ml
c) 10.5 09/100 ml
d) 8.9 09/100 ml














G!!»EP»l llirOH'HTIO*

al 1167
b) 196)
e| 1971
Data available (or other areas, ages
anl ethnic groups.
Children less than 6 yr.
predosinantly black, in ocban aroa
nith high incidence of Pb poisoning.
syiptoas of toxic I ty in 12% of
patients treated In 1°«i and in «.2Y
o( patients treated in 1971.
latoratlonal delay in speech ,
ispaired intellectual perforBance.
impaired abstract reasoning and
lipaired rcrbalizttlon of concepts
Her* noted »ith elevated blood
leTels. One death fros Pb poisoning
oecirred in 200,000 children tested
between 1967-1971. There Here 35
such deaths in the Chicago area.
Peeling paint and plaster
t«K>: PETALS; ILLIIOIS; CHIIDBE*;
OBBH IIEKS: RETtt, POISOVII6; BLOOD;
BfHITIOB DISORDERS; tGE; PlCi;
IERTOOS STSTBS DISUSES: III HOIS
Children 5-12 yrs old, KT City
children, 5-12 yrs of age, fros
IspoTiirlshed areas of Rev York city.
no frank lead poisoning and no
sanltest psychological difficulties.
Behavioral e»loations correlated
significantly with blood lead levels.
Treatsent of hyperactive and retarded
children vith peniclllanine for 2
sonths resolted in isproved behavior
and an icprovesent in 1-3. ot about 7
points (90-97).
LCID; HET11.S; CRILDREK; DRB1I 1RE»S:
BPHVIOB DISORDERS; POPOtlTIOR
BtPOSORE; 5tOOD; IE! TOSK
a) *onesok«rs, sothers aged 16-13 yr.
sean 26.3 yr
b) lenborn of nonssokers
c) Siokers, sothers aged 27-36 yr.
eean 25.6 yr
d) (fevhorn of saokers
Staples fros 333 nonsBoklng and 109
BBOklng Eoropean voaen and their
neoboro. the noaen lived in or near
Brossels. Toomai, Leaven (Laavain) ,
and Intverp, Belqios representing
rural, orban, and industrial areas.
BLOOD; Iirins; SROKIIG; LEIO;
HIRCQIY; ctDBioa; oniLS; C»BBOI
IfORGillC COIPOOIDS; COaPlRlUVE
EVILOaTIOIS; B08U IBIIS: OBBtl
a»BlS: IIDOSTRH1. 1HB»S; BELGIOB;
PtlCEITl; 0BBXLICAL CORD
psrrsBurt

Sachs, H.K.
197«






















Inon
197B














Sachet, J.p.
Boels, H.
Babersont, c.
Laaverys, R.
1978














-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
atl 207.2. SP 327.8 C, BP 17W C, TP 1.77 •• Bq at 1000 C, 1 as Hg at 970 C. 10 •• Hg at 1160 C
                                                                                     (COITXIOBD)
TISSDB

716
Blood



















717
Blood

















716
Blood
















EIPOSOBE BOOTB

Inhalation
XQg«.ttioQ























































lliLTTICH
HETHOD
US




















US

















us

















IOBBBB
or CUSES
a) 503
b| 503
C| 474
d) 474
e) 29
f| 29


V













216

















43. 10
Controls
















UIGE

a) 3.1-31 ag/100 al
b) 2.7-27.3 ag/100 si
c) 3.1-31 ag/100 si
d) 2.7-27.3 ag/100 nl
e) 7.9-18 ag/100 si
f) 3.2-18.7 ag/100 si
















a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given
e| lot given
f) lot given

* :














a) 66-124 ag/100 al
b) 80-85 ag/100 al
c) 43-76 ag/100 si
d) lot givne
el lot given














,H»TV
Mil

a) 10.2 ag/100 si
b) 8.4 ag/100 si
c) 10.1 ag/100 si
d) 8.3 ag/100 si
e) 10.8 ag/100 si
ft 9.4 ag/100 al
















a) 23.1 ag/100 al
b) 18. 4 ag/100 al
c) 28.3 ag/100 si
d) 21.3 ag/100 si
e) 12.9 ag/100 al
£) 11.9 ag/100 si
















a) 97 ag/100 al
b) 83 ag/100 al
c) 60 ag/100 al
1) 25 ag/100 al
e| 19 ag/100 al














DlRPt
GEIBRaL IirORBlTIOl

a) 111 vosen
bj 111 nevborn
c) European vosen, aged 16-45 yr.
sesn 26 yr
d) European nevborn
e) afro-asian vosen, aged 18-40 yr.
•ean 26 yr
f) afro-asian nevborn

Saaples taken at delivery fros
•others by venipanctare and fros
nevborn at the aabillcal cord. The
vosen lived in areas of Belgian
(intvecp. Brussels, Loavain, Toacnal
and Tilvoordel with various degrees
of industrialization and
urbanization.
BLOOD; aDOLTS; IIFaltS; LEID;
MERCURY; CaDaiUB; C1BBOI IIORGlslC
COBP001DS; SEMIS; BELGIOa;
COmBaTITE BV*LOaTIO*.S; OHBHICAL
CORD; 9HCSVH
a) Policesen on foot patrol
b) office vorkers in dovetovn Hoaston
(control for (a) )
c| Oarage attendants
d) Orderlies and custodians (control
for (b||
e) resales living vithin 2 blocks of
freeway
f| resales living avay froa freevay
(control for (•!)
Six groups, each of 26 individuals.
In the setropolltan area of Boost on.
TI, pollceeen on foot patrol, office
virters in dovntovn Hoaston, garage
attendants, orderlies and custodians.
fesales living vithin two blocks of a
freevay, and fesalcs living avay fros
a freevay.
COHTOa; LK«D; TB1CE SLJIEVfS; TCXaS;
BLOnD; ORTIE; BUR; rBCBS; 2TIC;
1»*G»1»SS: COPPEB; PLaTIUOH;
PILUDTnj; IBIaLS: iOTOSOTITv.;
O^-OPITTOIH HIZ*9DS
al ^aployees in farnace
b) Employees in shop
c) Bsployees in office
d| Fa allies adjacent to sselter
e| control
*.splove*s at a lead scrap saelter in
Troy, llabass. Six sesbers of tvo
fssilles vho resided 50 and mo
eetern respectively froa the sselter.
Tin adult volunteers vho resided
1.6-11.3 kiloneters fros the saelter.
lend poisoning, lead colic, confusion
<\nd hallucinations (lead
vncephalopathyl .
t»0 "nlSOmiG; SHELTERS; BLOOD;
H»T"; t'tTH»OCTTBS; »OPI>Hy9t!IS;
nmenits:!; DISB*SES; SOILS;
T!G!!T\TtOI; LBtD; MILK; rETHlS;
MIUL P^POlaTTOIIS; TCCOPHTIOUlt
HIZ\
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
Itl 207.2. HP 327.* C, BP 17*0 C. T?  1.77 .• Hg it  1000  C,  1  aa Bg  at  970 C,  10 II Kg at 1163 C
                                                                                      (COITIIOED)
   TISSOE
  719
  BlOOd
  720
  Blood
  721
  Blood
  722
  Blood
              BXPOSOBB ROOTS
                                  klALTTICU
                                    RBTBOD
                               AST
                               US
                               1ST
  IOBBBB
 3P C*SBS
a)  35
b)  37
a)  69
bl  90
                                                                           BlRGE
             5<>-68 ug/100 al
             a) lot given
             b) lot given
a) 0.02«-o.072 ug/10 (B»9)
BBC
b) 0.021-0.076 ug/10 (B»9)
BBC
a) <1-61 ag/lOO al
b) 0-3.87 ag/100 al
                            lot given
                            a) aO ag/100 al
                            b) «2 ag/100 al
a|  0.0«» ag/10(B«9)
BBC
b)  0.037 ag/10(E»9)
BBC
   1«.6 ag/100 al
   0.83 ag/100 al
                                                                                                                              G'UfPAL Il(fO»IHTIOt
                         Inalytlcal eethod, control  values not
                         glv«a.

                         Oati tcoa 6  patients of  the Childhood
                         Laad Clinic  of the John  P.  Kennedy
                         Institute in Baltlaoro.  Control  data
                         Jtrlvel fcoa IP patients  (Pedistric
                         Clinical Research Onit of tha Johns
                         Hopicins lospital) vithont
                         neacoloqlcal disocdeca.  Controls
                         resided In sabarban areas in n«»
                         housing.

                         HrperlrritabilitTi hrperactlvitr  in  3
                         of S ail cnildreD, disturbed hea«
                         srnthesis, altered catecholaaine
                         aetabollsa.

                         BIOOD; HBTIB; CHILDBED;  LBtD; 1ET»LS;
                         BTC5; lED'OlOGTC BlltfEST»TIO»S;
                         BEBES; IHSTLKD
                        a)
                        b) Halt
                        Other data given.

                        Saaples froa residents of  Denver,
                        Colorado, age range  1-A2 rr,  39X
                        vhlte. IB* black,  a2<
                        leiican-tserican,  6.7 aean
                        residential years  In area, one  case
                        of possible occupational exposure.
                                                                                                                              POPOLtTIOl nPOSOBE;  (1ETILS;
                                                                                                                     COLOBKOO; SBELTEBS: tIB POLLOTIOB;
                                                                                                                     TOBICCOS; SBOKII6; BLOOD; OSIIE
a| Baternal erythrocrtes
bl Petal erythrocytes

latched pairs of pregnant nosen and
their fetuses residing In or near
Cleveland, Ohio

Selections aade vlthout regard for
prenatal or intrapartua aedlcal
probleas although Indepth clinical
laforaatlon «as recorded.

Significant Inhibition of IIU In
both aatenal and fetal erythrocytes.

EBnBBOCTTES; PETDS; PBEGEUCT;
BStTBES; OBBII kBEaS; POPOLATtOH
ZIPOSOBE; HETKLS; IBtO; BLOOD; OHIO
a) Ann arbor population
b) Tanoaaao population
10 blood sasples cross-checked  using
atoelc absorption shoved the anodic
stripping voltaaaatry analyses  had a
•13.71 bias.

100 blood donors, IB-SB yr  old, fros
tan arbor, Hichigan.  137 Tanoaaao
Indians froa Tenexaela.

BLOOD; OBIIE; BUB; TBBBZOBla;
SBBCOBT; CtDBIDB; 1UD; COPPEB;
BBIiLS; BICBleil
                                                                                      (IBIt NOB)
                                                                                                                                                                     REFFRBBCF!
                                        Silbergeld,  r.. K.
                                        chisola,  J.J.,  Jr.
                                        1«76
                                        Vysowski, O.K.
                                        landrigan,  P.J.
                                        Perguson, s.v.
                                        Pontalne, B.8.
                                        Tsongas, I.».
                                        Porter, B.
                                        1978
Kuhnert, P.a.
Erhard, P.
Knhnert, B.B.
1977
Becker, l.B.
Ulan, B.E.
Dlnaan, B.D.
leel, J.T.
I97a

-------
IMA
7»39-92-1
Pb
It* 207.2, HP 327. a C,  BP 17»0 C.  »P 1.77  ••  Rg at  1000 C.  1 aa Bg at 970 C. 10 mm Hg at 1160 C
                                                                                    (COITIIOBD)
>) 1 eonth post-exponare
c) 1 aontha pont-exposari:
11 o eonths post-eiposare
Saiplea froa norkers employed in
storage battery plant in Italy.
Do syaptoas of lead poisoning darlna
the stady.
3tt» of abnaraal aetsphasea, aoatly
•1th chroaatid and one-break
chroiosoae aberrations, Has
approdintely doubled after on* aonth
o( nork.
ruaas
tH"; KDOStSIlL PUHTS; CNBOKOSONkl
»B«-'»*TIOJS; IinUSTBIH RTOinS;
ORIHE: BIOOO; 1ETILS: I TUT

BEFEBEICE
Booty, J.
Ferrand, c.F. , Jr.
Barris, P.
1975


Lerner, S.
197S


Epstein, P.
19Ta



rocnl, i.
Caabiaqhi. 6.
Secchl, 3.r.
197*







-------
Lead
1*39-92-1
Pb
tt« 207.2, IP 327. « c, BP 17W C. TP 1.77 •• Kg at  1000 c.  1  ••  Rg  at  970  C,  10  as  Bg  at  1160  C
                                                                                      (C01TIIOBD)
rissoe

727
Blood
















721
Blood


















729
Blood











730
Blood




EWOSaHe BOOT!

Inhalation
















Inhalation
Ingestion





































IRkLTTICaL
RETROD
Dlthizone
















US


















tST
US











PAPC-a»K
its




IOHBBB
OP C»SSS
a| 8
b| 8
















al «6
b) 78
cl 46
dl 78


















a) 192
b| 273

















SUSOB

a) lot given
b) lot given
















a) 40-68 09/100 al
b) 1-39 ug/100 «1
c) 22-58 ag/100 al
d) 15-39 ug/100 al


















a) Rot given
b) Rot giY«n











lot given




(HIT
HUB

a) 26.6 ug/100 ml
b) oT.il ag/100 al
















a) »8. 3 ug/100 il
b) 26.9 ug/100 il
c) 0.5 ug/100 al
d) 26.5 ag/100 si


















a) 33.1 ag/100 al
b) 27.0 ng/100 al











0. 178 ppa




PISE)
GEIERIkL IirORflATIO*

a) control group
b) Lead-poisoned group

Sasples fro* print-shop vorkers in
Turkey, sean age of 35.8 rears, aaan
period of esploysent 20.1 years.
l«ad-lndnc*d colic, astallic taste.
constipation, anorexia, artbralgia.
parestnesia, and headache were
observed In lead-intoxicated vorkers.
significant errthrocvtosls and
hvpochroaia. ilean corpnscalar ttt nas
significantly lover than control
valves.
Pases
LEIO; 1ETUS; P5IHTIKG IIDOSTRT;
UDOSTBUL 'BISSIOIS; tlCHIk; TOPKET;
BIOOD
a) Lead-absorption gronp, 1972
b) controls, 1972
c) Lead absorption group, 1973
d) Controls, 1973
Sasples fros children betveen ages of
3 yr, 9 so to 15 yr, 11 so living
nithin 6.6 ks of a lead sselter in el
Paso, Texas, controls satched vlth
age, sex, socioecoaosic status.
length of residence in area and
language spoken.
chronic absorption say result in
subtle bat statistically significant
ispalrsent of non-verbal cognitive
and perceptaal-sotor skills.
Rovever, ispairsent could have
preceded lead absorption.
lead sselter
LEaD; HRU.S; CHILDBEI; SHELT8BS;
TIDOSTBtaL EHISSIOIS; 1EDBOLOGIC
llllIPESTkTIOIS; PEIICILLtBIXE; BLOOD;
Pica; TETIS
at Children of leadvorkars
b) controls

Children (under 5 years old) of
battery factory leadnorkers. Control
children's parents were not
leadnorkers. n others also tested.
Battery factory near Manchester,
England.
IBID; OCCDPlTIOIal HMIBDS; BLOOD;
UDOSTBUL PLUTS; CBILDBBI;
BIOICCDHOLaTIOl; BET»LS; 1GE; OITTED
XIIGDOa
10 sasples

PLITIIOB; PtLLIDIOH; IBID; RETtLS;
BLOOD; OIIIE; PBCES; BalB;
HEaSOBBBEIT BBTBODS; TRICE ELBHBITS

BEflREPCP

ranberk, 1.
Sehirli, I.
Canberk, T.
Xovoncnoglu, p.
1978













Landrlgan, P.J.
Baloh, R.v.
Barthel, «.F.
Bhitnorth, E.R.
Staehling, 1.8.
Rosenblaa, B.P.
1975
















Elvood, 4.J.
Clayton. B.E.
cox, 8.1.
Delves, H.T.
King, E.
Halcals, D.
Patclifte, J.e.
Taylor, J.P.
1977




Tillery. J.B.
Johnson, D.E.
1975




-------
Lead
1*39-91-1
Pb
»t» 201.2. HP 321.* C, BP 11«0 C, TP  1.11 •• Bg at  1000 C.  1  aa 69  at  910 C,  10  •• Kg at 1160 C
                                                                                      (COItllDED)
   TISSOB
  131
  Blood
  132
  Blood
  133
  Blood
              EXPOSURE RODfB
                                  AIUTTIC1L
                                    RSTBOD
                               US
                                us
                                us
  IORBE1
 OF CASK
                                                    20
Appro*
ISO, 21
control a
                                                                           BMGE
                                                                 0.10-0.53 ng/g net «t
             a) lot given
             b) 100-100 og/100 il
             c) 55-60 ag/100 el
<60 ag/dl
> or • 60 ag/dl
>80 ag/dl
                                                                                                     HUI
                                                                                             0.29 «g/g «et «t
                         a)  260 ag/100 ll
                         b|  lot given
                         c)  Rot given
a)  lot given
b)  lot given
c)  lot given
                                                                                                                              GEIER1L XIFORRtTIOl
                                                                                                                     Saeplea froa 30 cadavers In central
                                                                                                                     Japan, aean age of 39 yeara, extent
                                                                                                                     of heavy eetal exposure unknovn.

                                                                                                                     HVT1LS; IBSB1IC; BERYLLIOR; B1S1BTH;
                                                                                                                     cioHioi: cBionoB; COB lit; COPPER;
                                                                                                                     BIRCORT; SBTBTL RBBCOBT COHPCOIDS;
                                                                                                                     atlCklESB; ;
n)  Controls
b)  •'it o( iiorkers
c)  2">~ at worker*
                                                                                                                          vorkers, half of »hich iere leas
                                                                                                                     than 30 yr, eqaally distributed as
                                                                                                                     •hit* or black race, currently
                                                                                                                     esployed in 2 secondary lead
                                                                                                                     sietters.  Controls vere 2* nortrrs
                                                                                                                     froa n«arby plants »lth no kno«n lead
                                                                                                                     lead annla, lead colic,
                                                                                                                     gastrointestinal syiptoes, central
                                                                                                                     nvrvons systea syeptoas, anscl* tnf
                                                                                                                     joint pains, hypertension, Xldney
                                                                                                                     disnaCCOP»TIO»»l
                                                                                       (IEZT PIG!)
                                                                                                                                                                    REPEREHCE
                                                                                                          Saaino,  f.
                                                                                                          hayaka«a,  K.
                                                                                                          Shibata, T.
                                                                                                          Kitaanra,  s.
                                                                                                          1915
                                        Thoaisino, J.».
                                        Earonvste, ?.
                                        Brooks, S.t.
                                        petering, H.3.
                                        Lvrner, S.I.
                                        Fisolli, ».».
Clsinger, J-
Blaaberg, «.».
FUchbeln, \.
lllls, 8.
Selikoif. I.,I.

-------
Lead
7D39-92-1
Pb
»t» 207.2, IIP  327.U  C.  BP 1700 C. TP  1.77  >.  Hg  at 1000 C. 1 •• Hg  at  970  C.  10 II Hq at 1161 C
                                                                                        (CORTIROED)
TISSUE
73«
Blood












735
Blood









^
736
Blood








EIPOS08E ROUTE
























Inhalation
Ingestlon








HRH.TTICHI.
HKTHOD
























AtS








RUHBE*
or CASES
al sue
b| 2P2
c| 70











1.369










al 22
bl 15
c| 130







BANG!
a) < or - 29 ag/100 ml
b) 30-30 ug/100 il
c) >00 ag/100 •!











> or • 00 ag/100 al










a) Rot given
b) Rot glTen
c) lot given







HEAR
a) Rot given
b| Hot given
c| Rot given











Rot given










a) 19.9 ag/100 •!
b) 32 ag/100 il
c| 28.7 ag/100 «1







S*»»P% had sliilac
values.

living near a letd-eeitting smelter
In '1 Paso, Texas.
LIll; 1EIILS; SKELTERS; BLOOC: 003- ;
CHILOBER
a) Dav Care children
b) Controls (Ron-Day care children)
c) controls (Cossanity children).
Comparing ghetto children in Day Care
Centers «ith ones not in centers.
Ige ranges: 12-35 sonths.
Environeental pollution
Pica
BLOOD; LB1D; HN1LS: CHILDBB1; OPBII
tacts
• rF7"El'f»
Etir^, ^.D.
'olqs, J.U.
fitca, B.F.
P»loll«e, E.r.
19-»fl









Landrlgtn, ". .'.
Gehlbach, S.".
PosenMns, B.F.
Shoolts. J. 1.
"arthol, V.f.
Llddl", J.*.
Serek, ^.L.
Staehling, B.S.
1975



Adebonojo, P.?.
Strahs, S.
1«7n







                                                                                         (REIT  P1GE)

-------
imd
7*39-92-1
Pb
ttt 207.2. HP 327.0 C,  BP  17BO C.  VP  1.77 •• Bg at  1000 C, 1 » Hg at 970 C. 10 •• Bg at 1160 C
                                                                                    (COITIIOID)
TISSOB

737
BlOOd





























738
Blood





















730
Blood




BXPOSOBB BOBTE

Inhalation






























.
Inhalation
Ingestion





















Ingestion
Inhalation



	
kllLTTICkL
BETHOD
kkS






























_






















IPDC-HIBK
MS




IDIBEB
OF C1SBS
a) 156
b) 2«
Controls



















































370





MIAE

a) <40- greater than BO
ag/100 el
b) <«0-59 ag/100 al




























a) dot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given
e) Mot given
f) lot given












•

/



9-102 ag/100 il




(KBIT
HBkl

a) lot given
b) lot given




























. . ._ _
M 57-75 ag/100 el
b) 10-55 ag/100 el
c) 31-36 ag/100 el
d| 21-35 ag/100 el
a) 17-25 ug/100 al
f) 21-37 ag/100 Hi


















10 ag/100 .1




PkJE)
GEIBBkL IIFOSIMTIOI

a) Barkers, secondary Pb-seelters: 2
had 0-54
ag/100 el. 75 had «0-79 ag/100 el, «5
had >BO ag/100 el. 93 had >BO ag/100
el at soee tie., over half the 93 had
repeated Pb >PO ug/100 el.
blocheelcal and clinical findings
correlated «ith Pb levels
b) controls: 10 had ao-59 ag/100 el.
IS had <0* ag/100 el.
(ackers froa 2 secondary saelting
plants, farioos age groaps.
Pb-ezposare periods, both black and
vhite races, controls 2 plants in
saae area.
Bedaced radial nerve-conduction
velocity «as foand In »6S of 13«
Pb-«xposed norkers. rentral nervous
systee syeptoos, eascle and joint
pain and/or soreness, and loss of
appetite and weight were foand in a
relatively high proportion of the
oorkers. Bigk zinc propoporphyrin
levels strongly correlated vlth Pb
levels '. duration of Pb-exposar«.
»iooo; I.E\D: SSELT^HS; HFT\LS:
OCCOPkTTOIkl DISEASES;
PROTOonSPHyJIIS; SW: WTTHIWCrrBS;
tMD POISOIIIR; BLOOD; ICCOPlTIOSkL
• kTkRDS; HETkl POTSO*T|IJ; ISBVOIJS
STST7.1 DISgkSPS
4) 1 .lie of Pb seelter
hi 1-2.5 eile of Pb seelter
c) 2.5-6 eile of ?b saelter
4) 11-20 aile of »b nelter
e) -hlUren living ah elning
site (Sncondary controls)
IBIITS ace qeoeetrlc. lore data la
tables.
iiui children, aged 1-' yr, living
tie*** t Drieary lead smelter in
northern Idaho vece stcveyvl In
kagust 1a7a. Blood lead levels «tro
correlated vlth analvses of
ant ironaental m»ples, social an)
•el leal history, acd qenrral
observations of the hoxr onrlc^nncnt.
?ri»«cy loaj s.oltcc
lEkD; ir.onnj CTTLBP?*; J.FAO
POtSOlIin; THDDSTFIkl. B81SSTOIS;
noastaikL POLLUTION SIELTB^S:
I9»»0; CO«PkB»TTtr MklUTIOVS: PHST;
•"WTU"!; \TB POILOTIO'T

••Mldr«n In »«»»cy, 1J, 1-8 yr.
llvliq In urban ecTlroniieat.
-
-------
lead
7*31-92-1
n
»t« 207. 2, HP 327. « C,  BP
                                C, TP 1.77 •• Hq at  1000  C,  1 • • Hg at 9">0 C, 10  ••  Hg at 1160 C
                                                                                        (COITIIOED)
TISSUE
700
Blood











701
Blood





7»2
Blood













703
Blood













EXPOSURE ROUTE


































Ingestlon












-

A*ALTTIC»L
TETRPD
Colorisetry











AAS






US














kits












- ..

IOHBER
3F CASSS
a) 00
b| 5
c| 2«
dl 25









a| 20
bl 31





a) 78
b) 11
c| 20
dl 9











10














mine
a) 12-01 og/100 si
b) 26-39 og/100 si
c) 12-01 og/101 si
d| lot given









a) lot given
b) lot given





a) Hot given
b) lot given
cl lot given
d) lot given











a) >00 ug %
b) >80 og X












(IEXT
HEAI
a| 22.8 og/100 al
b) 31.0 ng/100 al
c| 20.8 og/100 al
dl 20.00 og/100 •!









	 	
a) 1.00 oaol/1
h| 0.93 oaol/1





a) 26.0 09 X
b) 6.7 og *
cl 9.5 og X
d| 7.o og K











a) lot given
b) lot given












PAGE)
IVHERAt. T IPO**, ATI 0*
a) Taxi drivers (whole group)
b) Taxi drivers with lead plwihlnq at
hose
c) T«ii drivers with copper flushing
at ho«-
d| Controls
(factory workers)
Tale txl drivers, 2S-fi» yearn of
age, who were refoelling at n central
Manchester depot.
LEAD; 1FTALS! OCCUPATIONAL RAT»RDS;
COPPED; LE*OLI*IC ACIflS; BLOOD:
SBOKtll; OH TIED KTIODOS; AUTCSOTTVE
al Alcoholics
h) iellnq'it>nts and criminals

11 prisoners, 2" of whoa were
alcohols (sean Age » 52 years) . Hean
age of other 31 prisoners • 3» years
BLOOD; LEAD; SETALS: ALCOHOLIC
al 1-2 «k between saaples, sacro
blood lead of <«0 09 t
t) 0 vk between sasples, eacro blood
lead of <00 ug *
c) 1-2 vk between sasples, eacro
blood lead of > or • on og X
d) 0 wk between sasples, a aero blood
lead of > or • 00 09 <
Value* are for sicro sinua sacro
blood lead. Contaelnation pro bless
in collection of sicro sasples.
Delves aethod, sicro-and Bessel
Method for sacroanalysls.
HAD; RETALS; CHILDBEI; HEASUBEHEIT
1ETRODS; BLOOD; COIIECTICDT
a) Level of all children at
initiation of study
b) Level of SO* of children 3 eonths
before stody, chelation therapy
req aired
Stady indicates substantial exposnre
doe to ingestion of dost and dirt
rather than paint.
Sasples froa children in Connecticut,
average age « 1/3 yr.
Ingest ion of lead-containing dirt
LEAD; 1BT»t,Si CHILDBED; PICA; DOST;
pAins; popotarioi EXPOSURE; BLOOD;
BIOACCUHOLATTOI; COIIBCTTCUT

airntcjcr
Plinlt, r.I.-rt.
ring, ».
Walsh, P. B.
1 '•*&









lob, n.
Desbasses, P.
1976



"
Josellos, s.r.
Lopovich, P.
Horlarty. B.
1075











Lepov, H.L.
Brocksan, L.
Bablno, B.A.
Harkowitz. S.
Gillette. -.
Kaplsh, J.
1970







, ^^ .

-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
eb
»t» 207.2, HP 327.* C, BP 17*0 C, TP 1.77 » Bg it 1000 C, 1 •• Eg at 970 C, 10 aa Bg at 1160 C
                                                                                     (COITIIOBD)
tISSOB
7B«
Rlood



BlOOd


106
Blood

7»7
Blood


EIPOSOBB BOOT!












alalTTICH.
HRBOD
US



Dithizone




US


IORBEB
or cisss •
a) 57
b| 28
c) 2«



a) 17 (c)
b) 31
c| 18


80

a) 25
b| 50
cl 2S
d) SO


B11SB
a) lot given
b) lot given
cl lot given



a) <1.«3 naol/1
b) 1.98-3.88 naol/1
cl > or * 3.12 naol/1


7-66 ng f

_! , ..J- -.,..
a) lot given
b| Rot given
cl Rot given
d| lot given


HBll
a) 30.88 ng/100 al
bl 35.11 ug/100 al
cl 37.75 ug/100 al



a) lot given
b) 1st given
c) lot given


21.3 ng (

a) 16.2 ug/100 al
b| 15.3 ng/100 al
c| 13. a ng/100 al
d) 13. 1 ng/100 al


GEIEH1L I IFOR HIT 101
a) Toll booth at Tunnels entrance
b) Hilton location, on HI turnpike
cl Beaton location. Turnpike and
Bonte 124
°* sen worked at tunnel area as
tollsea-guards, electrlciaas or
salntenance persons. Others worked
as collectors at t list on and Best on
booths, 6 1/2-"1 he/day.
Intoaotive emissions
HUE; HEH.TH 8AZ1RDS; OCCOP1TIOI1L
HIMRDS; IBRD; HBTItS; BLOOD;
SROKIRG; C1IBOR I10IGIIIC COBP3DRDS;
BTOtCraROllTIOR; MS POLLOTIOR;
HJTOSOTtVB: HISSICHOSETTS
al Slntathlone rednctase (OSSG-t)
activity 0.98 units/si, 5
aslnolevullnlc acid dehydratase
(tLk-0) activity 28.«7 qnits/al, free
sul'hydryl groups (SR| 1.«9 uaol/al
bl -iSSS-R 1.«R nnita/al, ala-D 10. as
nnlti/il. SH 1.06 nsol/al
c| GSSQ-R 1.<>0 nnlts/al, »H-0 4.63
nnits/al, SH 0.43 naol/nl
\t unspecified nusber of subjects
were workers froa a lead battery
factory
IBID; 1ETKLS; E*IT!1ES; *LOO'>;
EBTTRSOCTTXS; BTOtCCOHOUTIOl; OIITED
KIVGOn^; RFTkBOlISM
Ro positive relationship between
bload Pb and blood pressure was
four.d.
Saeotea froa SO lew "anover County,
worth -xrollna children, 1 to 8 yrs
old, eetn age t.5 yrs, 2° black aale,
39 Mack resales, 8 white aales, 5
white Feaales
LHH; 1-TUS: "LOOD; HLOOD PBEISDR^;
RTPCRTtlSTOW; IOPTB C»5OLI«»;
CRTLDBSI
	
a| internal blood, birth 'eights
<2SOO a
bl Controls, birth weights >2*00 7
cl Cord Mood, birth weights <2SOO q
d) controls, birth weights >2500 g
Differences not significant at <>
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
»ti 207.2. RP 327.« C,  BP  1740 c.  TP 1.77 •• 89 at  1000  C,  1  •• Rg at 9">0 C, 10 IB  89 at 1160 C
                                                                                        (CORTTIOED)
TISSUE

748
Blood












749
Blood






750
Blood















751
Blood








EXPOSURE ROUTE














Inhalation
Ingestlon























Ingestlon








ANainicaL
RETROD
US












its






us
















_ „ 	







...
NOHBEB
OF CtSES













a) 27
bl 32






al 49
b| 49
Cl 49
dl 24













1








RINGS

a) Not given
b) Not given
c) lot given











a) 16-63 og/100 al
b) 8-55 og/100 el






a) lot given
b) Not given
c) Not given
d| lot given













a) lot applicable
b) lot applicable








"HE»I 	

al 49.4 nij/100 il
b| 53.4 og/100 il
c| 26.4 og/100 al










..
a) 31.8 09/100 il
bl 21.72 og/100 il






a) 32.3 og/100 al
b) 31.9 og/100 al
c) 49.9 og/100 al
d) 11.9 og/100 al













a) 90 09 X
b| 70 09 %








GFNSSXL IIFOHaTIO*

a) *zpos«re < 10 yr
b) *iposure > 10 yr
c) controls.

Proa secondary lead sselter vorkers
(24< < 30 yr old, 52* 31-50 yr old
and 311 > 50 yr old) and a control
group («t < 30 yr old, 62» 3V 50 yr
aid 20< > 50 yr old) .
Significant Inverse correlation
between heeoglobln and blood lead
levels.
Sielter
iniLS; LPID: FLOOD; REROGLOBINS;
a) Chlldmn of lead storage battery
plant vorkers
b) Control qroop
Levels significantly different 
0.001).
Children (age 1-6 yr)
Dost froi parents' clothes
RETM.S: LEiD; BLOOD; CRILDPSN
a) average level in vorkers at tiie
of tests
b) Tlie veighted average for the saie
group
c) average iixiaoi concentration for
the saie groip
d) Controls
Finnish vorkers (39 sena and 10
voien, lean age 33) at a storage
battery plant or sachlne shoe.
The relationship betveen impaired
psychological perfonance and blood
lead concentration «as significant.
Tlsial Intelligence and visoal motor
function «ere lost affected.
RETtLS; LEiD; BLOOD; OCCOPtTIONU.
H II IB OS
•) Before therapy for poisoning
t>0 after Ca-EDTI therapy
i 59-year-old vosan poisoned by the
lead In an herbal iidlcation.
Insosnla, irritability, dlffese
pains.
inesla, basophillc stippling.
erythrold hyperplasla of bone aarrov.
LEiD; RETilS; LUD POISOIING; CaSB
RISTOUES; BLOOD; ilERIi
SPfS'ErCT

Lllls, B.
Pisinger, J.
Bloiberg, ••
Fischbeln, \.
Sellkoff, I.J.
1Q"**!








vatson, R.i.
lltherell. L.E.
Gigoere, G.C.
1978




Baenninea, <1.
Rernberg, S.
Hanterre, P.
Vesanto, R.
Jalkanen, 1.
1978











Kalian, S.R.
1977








                                                                                        (NEXT HOB)

-------
Lead
7M9-92-1
Pb
itl 207.2, BP 327.* C,  BP 17*0  C.  If 1.77  ••  gg  at  1000 C,  1 as 89 at 970 C, 10 •• 89 at 1160 C
                                                                                    (COETXBOBD)
TISSOB
752
Blood
753
Blood
75»
Blood
_ - -_ ...
755
Blood
756
Blood
EXfOSBRE IOBTB
_
Xngestion



IHLTTICH.
HBTROD

us


	 	
BOBBBR
OF CkStS
6
192



UW6B
2«-52 19/100 il
7-»3 09/100 si
.


RlaB
lot liven
16. 1 og/il



GERERIL XIPOP.B1TXOB
alkvl lead cockers, levels taken
veekljr foe 6 vk. lo correlation
betveen ale and blood !•*•!•.
1MO; OCCOPITIORaL BaZaROS; HTT»LS;
OCCOPMIOIaL DISBaSBS; LBaD
POISOBTI6; BIOOO; OBTIS; LBTOlXnc
1CIOS
Childnn. 1-12 T». 1*77. lo
coccvlatlon »lth lorals In drinking
«at«r.
Children (coi Benninqton, Tecmont
LtkD; HBTILS; IBin POISOIIMO; BLOOD;
CRIU)«8«: TBRHOIT; D«IIS1IO BaTEE
R*Tle*
Lc»4; arr»LS; BLOOD; TSBTH; BOIES:
HUD; 08IIE; 5EISOP.M8IT RBTB09S;
BTOlCrOHOLaTIOl; SRaBOLISBi BETTER
P«»i«»
Decreased cognitive (unction.
increase In behavioral abnormalities
found in school-aged children vita
andne exposure to lead.
(ecoasendations given for lead levels
in paints to slnialxe exposure.
1,1*0; 4ET«IS; CHIIDHEH; BEMTTOR
DISORDERS; IBBBOIOGIC BkBIPESTlTIOIS;
PlIDTSj «ICk; HFltTB RJTIBOS; BIOOD;
»E»TB»
Revlen
'Boreal' levels and exposare lisits
given.
Author coeeent: tboat 1*- of the fork
force 1* exposed to lead levels high
enongh to result In hlocheelcal and.
possible neurological dasage.
2S d»r»
IE»D; 1EHIS; I
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
At! 201.2, HP 327.9 C, BP 17(0 C, VP  1.77  as  Hq  at  1000  C.  1  •• Hq at 9-"0 C. 10 II Hq at 1160 C
                                                                                      (CORTIMOBD)
   TISSO!
  757
  Blood
  758
  Blood
  759
  Blood
  760
  Blood
ZP050RE RBOTB
nhalatlon
ngestion

- -
ngection
ARALTTICAL
BETHOD
AAS
APDC-HIBK
AAS
AAS
IS
„ ,_
IOBBER
OF CASES
	
a) HO
bl 29
c| «S
9
al «1
b| 36
3
BARGE
a) 15.7-0,5.8 09/100 al
b) 9.4-2S.D og/100 al
c) «. 5-16.2 og/100 il
0.3-2.9 »ol/l
a) lot given
b) Rot given
a) <0.03 og/g
b) 0.03-0.07 og/g-
c) 0.005-0.04 09/9
d) <0.005 09/9
HEAR
a) 26. a uq/100 •!
b) 13.6 09/100 ml
c) 9.1 09/100 al
1.7 naol/1
a) 1.23 oaol/1
b| 1.01 naol/1
a) Hot given
b) Hot given
c) Hot given
d| Hat given
                                                                                                                                       T»PORIHTIOH
a) <1 ka froa Pb mltec
b) 2.5 ki f coi Pb noltec
c| Bocal ac«a (Control*)

Children, aged 10-U jc, living and
going to school las* than  1  k* froa  a
Pb sa»lt«r, 1.5-2.5 ka fcoa  the Pb
saeltar, and in a coral area • ka
ftoa the center of Leoten, Belqioi.
Stndf fas condacted 19 eon after
pollution control eeaanres vere
iipleaented.

Children seeaed in good health.

Pb and Cd eelsiions froa Pb  nelter

LEAD; ClDHIOa; HETILS; SHELTERS;
CHILOBH; BLOOD; ORXRI!; FRtTHES;
IRDOSTIIXL BHISSIORS; AIR  POILOTTOK;
COHPtB^TIft KflLOaTIOltS; B8LGIOH
Lead vorkers

<1ale volanteera« aged 21 to  63  jr.

LEID; ICTaLS; COPROPORPHTRIXS;  OPIJC;
BLOOn: 9LOOD SERDH; PBOTEI
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
ati 207.2. «P 327.* C. BP  17«0 C. It  1.17  »  89  at 1000 C.  1  •• Hg at 970 C. 10 •• Hg at 1160 C
                                                                                      (COITHOEQ)
TISSUE

761
Blood



1601
Blood
1668
Blood
1682
Blood

1716
Blood

BIPOSOSE R09TB






	 -




aMLTTICIL
BETHOD
US



US

MS



IOBBBP
or CASES
»l 2
b) 30
c| SB
dl 15
«l 21


305
6»
al 7«
b| 73



B1I8B

a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d) lot given
e) lot given
f) lot given
g) lot given
0.2-S.3 auoles/1
>60 ag/dl
a) 13.1-20.2 ng *
b) 16.3-22.4 ag f
Range of leans
16-51 ag/dl
(NEXT
IBll

a) 69. a ag/100 al
b) 65. « ag/100 ul
c) 73.8 ag/100 el
d) 78.1 ag/100 al
e| 38.0 uj/100 el


lot given
lot given
a| Sat given
b) Rot given
	
26.9 ag/dl
	 	
PIGE)
                                                                                                                               GBJEJal  IIFOII*.ftTIOI
                                                                                                                      a)  Exposure  <0.1  yr
                                                                                                                      b)  Sxposere  0.3-0.9 yr
                                                                                                                      c)  exposure  1.0-2.9 yr
                                                                                                                      d)  Exposure  >10 yr
                                                                                                                      e)  Controls

                                                                                                                      Secondary  lead  saelter  corkers

                                                                                                                      Occupational exposure*  <1 yr  produced
                                                                                                                      syaptoia of  lead  toxiclty including
                                                                                                                      CIS and 81 abnoraalitles, eascle and
                                                                                                                      joint pain,  and lead colic, deveated
                                                                                                                      blood lead levels vere  accaapanicd by
                                                                                                                      low heaoglobln and  nigh zinc
                                                                                                                      protopocphyrln  values.  Long  ten
                                                                                                                      exposure resulted  in kidney daeage*
                                                                                                                      hypertension and  peripheral
                                                                                                                      neuropathy.

                                                                                                                      HBTM.S! LEO: IKDOSTBTIL POLIOTIOI;
                                                                                                                      SHEITSRS;  BT.OOD
                                                                                                                     Danish aen occupations lly exposed to
                                                                                                                     Vb.
                                                                                                                                            orcopwiomi
                                                                                                                     HaMlDS; "HSOSEKFIT METHODS; BLOOD:
                                                                                                                     01804109113: flmBOVTBS; OfllaRK;
                                                                                                                     IOOLTS
                                                                                                                     Children  Kith aneala.   3° of 6«
                                                                                                                     heeogloblns <11 g/dl, 3 of  )R  had
                                                                                                                     aareal serne iron  levels.

                                                                                                                     Patients  at Illvaikee Children's
                                                                                                                     Hospital.
                                                                                                                           1101;  BBSOOLOBIKS;  PBOTBTIS;
                                                                                                                              i-MD; BLOOD s*saa;  lino
                                                                                                                     POISOIT) 9rbae students
                                                                                                                     Significant correlation of  blood  Pb
                                                                                                                     and Pb  In exterior dost tracked into
                                                                                                                     the hoae.  Little or no correlation
                                                                                                                     irith ale Pb,  interior dast,  food  or
                                                                                                                     •ater.  lo correlation with grass
                                                                                                                     avillnbllltv  o'  flaking paint.

                                                                                                                     students, aged 10-1' »r,  residents of
                                                                                                                     KTT>LS; IMD; "t,?oO; DOST;  S9TLS;
                                                                                                                     C'UD'III: »R«mSK»; >*K POllOTIO»:
                                                                                                                     llTBS UllOTIOJ
                                                                                                                     Tron vorkers exposed to  lead  oxide.
                                                                                                                     loro data available.

                                                                                                                     Ircn norkecs repairing an elevated
                                                                                                                     railroad net wort  In lev  York  city.
                                                                                                                     PROTRT1S; PtOOD;  !>CCO»*TTOHl
                                                                                                                     HIHSOS;  <»• TO?K
                                                                                                                                                                     BEFEEE8CE
Lilis, B.
Fischbein, a.
Eisinger, J.
Blusbecg, u.B.
Dlasond, S.J.
Inderson, R.I.
Foe, «.
Bice, C.
Sarkozi, L.
Son, s.
Selikoff, I.J.
19"»7
'Jrandjean, P.
1970
szoU, P.n.
tngle, C.It.
ItcTntlr*. U.S.
Colicci, k.v.
rischtieln, I.
Lllia, B.
1Q77

-------
Lea4
7(39-92-1
Pb
ktl 201.2, "P 327.* C.  BP  17HO C,  IP 1.77 •• Rg at  1900  C.  1  •• Hg at 970 C,  10  ••  Hg st 1160 C
                                                                                        (CORTIRaED)
TISSDE
1718
Blood
















1719
BlOOd



















1762
Blood


















EXPOSURE ROOTS


















Ingestlon



















Ingestion



















» KM. IT I CM
(IETHOD
Color! set ry

















US



















us



















ROBBER
OP C1SBS
al 57
b] 20
c| 52
41 23














a) 32
b) 70
Cl 10


















a) 15
b| 16
c| 12

















RANGE
a) Rot given
b) Dot given
c) lot given
d) lot given














a) Rot given
b) Rot given
c) Wot given

















r. _ _ _ __
a) 12-29 ug/100 il
b) 30-09 ag/100 il
c) 50-67 ag/100 ml

















1E»H
al 93.62 ag«
h| 52.63 ag%
c) 56.07 ug%
i| 98.23 ag%














al 20.5 ag/190 .1
b) HI. 5 ag/100 si
c) 58.7 ag/100 •!


















a) Rot given
b) lot given
c) lot given

















G»"«Pll. IHF081JTI01'
_ 	
al 'iposed aselter «oricers
h| Sinlter Hackee controls
c) Zxposed liners
d| liner control*
Varkers in lead seeltinq pl«rt *nd
lead iloocs in Brazil.
LeaA poisoning ayiptoes ir. 'expoEed*
and (control* gcoaps. 9ocfliblp
•asking of sraptoia by pacasitosis in
•ajocltv of both groups.
'•xposeil1 and 'controls' had
heioglobin and hesatocrit lewis
helov those considered no rial in
developed areas.
'.HP; K'TIILS; BLOOD; TtlOSTRHL
BOLLDTTOI; (IIIIRG; SAELTFRS; BRUIt;
HOUSTBIU. OISEtSES; 1«T»t POISOIIRG:
IRPWTTIOI
a) 72% orrently or previously ir.
"poor* hoasing
b) 
-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Fb
ttf 207.2, IIP 327.il C, BP  17aO  C,  TP  1.77 ea 89 at 1000 C, 1 •• Hg at 970 C,  10  aa  Hg at 1160 C
                                                                                       (COIIIIOBD)
TXSSOE

1912
Blood



1913
Blood











ma
Blood












1953
Blood

















EXPOSURE BOOTS



















































ABALTTICAL
METHOD
AAS




AAS











	 , ,
AAS































IBRBBB
OP CASES
661




a) 37
b) 10
Cl 92










a) 30
b| 32
c) 20











1


















BAKE

12-73 09/100 si




a) 19.7-01.1 09/100 al
b) 14.9-27.6 09/100 al
c) 0.7-15.6 09/100 al










a) 5.0-10.2 09/dl
b) 9.0-17.0 ug/dl
c) 10.5-36.5 og/dl











dot appicable

















(II KIT
HBAB

lot given




i| 30.1 U9/100 al
b) 21.1 09/100 al
c) 9.0 09/100 al










a) B. 3 og/dl
b) 12.9 ug/dl
c) 26.5 ug/dl











31 ug/100 g

















PlfiE)
KEBEBAL IIPOBRATIO*



Children, outpatients in Hontreal,
Canada, aost 3-7 yr old.
HBTALS; LEAD; BLOOD; CBILDBEB; CAKADA
al Children at school < 1 ka froa
saelter
b) Children at school 2.? ka froa
saelter
c) Children at school in rural
nonindustrialized area.

•elgiua children, ages 10-1? yr.

Lead saelter
IHrmS; LEA!); BLOOD; SHELTERS;
?RILDBE»; AnniBSC'STS; 3FLGIOS;
TIDOSTSTAL ABE»S; BOBIL ABEAS
i) Soral population, ilnlaal exposure
b) nc ban duellers, no occupational
exposure
c) Individuals, aoderate occupational
exposure

10 faallies. (parents vlth 1 chill)
froa Tillage north of Tokyo, 10
faallies (parents vlth 1-2 children)
(coi urban Tokyo, 21 lale
lens-aannfactarers In Tokyo.
Mo clinical evidence of Pb poisoning.
cnilDBES; JkPU; OCCOP%T!OB\l
imBDS; ROS\l MIBAS: 1R1UH »ri>«!
\ugust 11T"

oo-yr-old chealcal plant vorker ('ro»
1«r.S to 1°f5| exposeil prlaarlly »o
CdS and selenide dust, soao soluble
?d coapound*. ?atlent treated Cor "'
poisoning In 11K5.

headache, ausclr aches, joint pain.
paronthesla in (ingers. i»po»»nc«'.
significant Height loss.
1114 liver pnlargenn1-. Kith possible
clrrhotlc pattern and calclflei
^ranoloaa on Ic ft lung.
Occupational
1TUS; CADtlCI; LEAD; SELSYI01;
VIK; ntOOD; ORT1IE; FT01"»IS: StTM
PlIinm-IT; OCCOPATIOf AL RAtADDS;
\VlLTi

BEPBREBCE

Hehkeri, K.I.
Boaanovski, ".
Saallbona, B.
1976

Poels, H.
Buchet, J.
Lauverys, P.
Hoberaont, ~.
Bruaux, p.
Claeys-Thoreio, F.
Lafontalne, A.
overschelde, J.T.
1076




vada. 11.
Takeo, K.
lano, T.
Tutsi, o.
Paqahashi, 1.
Seki, H.
1«76







Lerner, s.
Hong, C.O.
Pori^n, r.r.
^o^o















                                                                                                                                                                                                 CO

-------
lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
atl 207.2. !IP 327.• C.  BP  17*0 C,  »P 1.77 .. Bg it  1090  C.  1  » Hg at 970 C, 10 II Rq It  1160  C
                                                                                        (COST HOED)
TISSUE

1962
Blood




























2009
Blood





2023
Blood









Birosas* roDTE





























...


















ARALTTXCAL
RETROD
US



































US










ROHB:*
3P CASK
a) 57
bl 51
cl 05
d) 03
el 29
fl 1°
gl I7
hi 50
11 27
31 13
kl 111
11 36
a) 8
nl 7
ol 50
p| 23
gl 11
cl 3



















19










5AV.GE

a) Rot given
b) Rot given
c) Rot given
d) Rot given
e) 70-191 ppb
f) 9"'-20<) ppb
g) 123-327 ppb
hi 58-383 ppb
11 05-262 ppb
Jl 108-772 ppb
k| 101-900 ppb
1) Rot given
e) Rot given
nl lot given
o| Sot given
p) Rot given
g) Rot given
r) Rot given



















33-68 ng/100 si









(REXT
HEAR

a) 139 ppb
bl 112 ppb
c| 130 ppb
d) 103 ppb
el 119 ppb
fl 155 ppb
ql 1Q6 ppb
hi 1«7 ppb
11 119 ppb
j) *ot given
k| Rat given
11 127 ppb
a) 138 ppb
n) 163 ppb
o) 128 ppb
p) 139 ppb
gl 159 ppb
cl 190 ppb











-,-,.- ^ -,, ,-,„--- 	







Rot given









PAGE)
SrREB»t THroilHTTOV

a) la lei
b) resales not using ocal
contcacsptlves
c) resales using ocal contraceptives
d) Hale students of slsilac age
e) 3-3 re old hospital patients
f) •-« yc old hospital patients
gl 'esldents <' ks fcos secondacy Pb
seelter and aged 2-3 yc
h| Residents 1-2 ks fron secondacy Pb
sseltec and aged 2-3 »r
1| Residents >2 ks fcos secondacy ?J>
sseltec and aged 2-3 yc
Jl lockers, car factocy
k) vorkecs, secondacy ?b sseltec
1) Ronseokiag sales
s) Dale seokers: 1-9 cigacettes/day
a) Hale saokecs: 10-19 eigacettes/day
o) Ronssoklng Ceules
p) >esale saokecs: 1-9 cigacettes/day
4) resale ssokers
10-19 cigacettes/day
cl resale ssokecs: 20 or soce
cigacettes/day
Ditch subjects aged 2 ao oc oldec.
ICTUS; CADRIOR; COPPS1; XBOR; LEAD;
HAROAIESE; tKC: BLOOD; BLOO9 SEB3H;
S90ICIST: OBAt COITBACBPTIVES;
ZJDOSTRIRS; SHELTERS; ADOLTS;
CRILDRER; SEX; RETBERLARDS
Rev lev

MRIESIOR; LEAD; IHC; RETALS; WAGE
ELEBEtTS; DHIKIIG RATES; BLOOD;
BLOOD SEIOB; BE ART: BORES; ORITBO
KUtnOB; CalADA; ORITSD STATES;
TIRLARD
Children ages 13-67 so. Taloes
correlated vith erythrocyte
protoporphyrln bat not vith urinary
ALA, arinary Pb. oc chelatable Pb.
Child cen ID prospective screening
pcogcas at J.r. Hennedy Institute in
1972.
LEAD; LEAD POtSORIRC; RETaLS; SETAL
POISORIR8; COBPABATIVE ETALOITIOKS;
81BTL1RD; BEASOBEBtRT BET BOOS

Azrr.-.t'pcr

del rustllho, ".
Berber. P.r.i.
VibOV3. A.A.C.
1971

























Sharcett, «-1.
1977





Chisels, J.J., Jc.
Barrett, 0.3.
Bacclson, B.f.
1975








-------
LMd
7*: 39-92-1
Pb
atB 207.2. BP 327.* C. BP  17W c. »P  1.77  ••  Bg  it  1000  C,  1  •• 89 «t 970 C, 10 •• Hq at 1160 C
                                                                                      (COBTXBDBD)
TISSUE

2116
Blood





















2118
Blood













2142
Blood
















EXPOSOBE BOBTE




































...

















ABALTTICAL
BETBOD
AAS





















US













AAS
















BOBBBB
OF CASBS
a) 172
b| 199
C) 191
d| 163
e| 19*
f| 89

















at S3
b) «5













a) 22
b) 37
















B1B6B

a) Bot applicable
b) Bot applicable
c) Bot applicable
d) Bot applicable
e) Bot applicable
f) Bot applicable

















a) 10-78 09/100 al
b) Bot given













a) 0.5-1.3 oaal/l
b) 0.6-4.2 oaol/1





/










BBAB

a) 98. 8X
b) 75»
c) 281
d| 261
e) 121
f) 1-2X

















a) 26 (SD-11) og/100
Bl
b) 10 (SD-2) og/100
Bl











a) 0. t oaol/1
b) 2.2 osol/1
Median*.















GEBBBIL XBTOBBATXOB

a) n-1.6 ks
b) 1.6-«.0 ka
c) 1.0-10.0 KB
d| 10. 0-2*. 0 ka
e) 2*. 0-32.0 ka
f) Control P2 ka)
Values ace * with 10 og/dl pb oc
higher by distance froe seel tec.
Blood Cd, Sb, and As not coccelated
•1th distance froa saeltar.
Cbildcen living neac a priaary lead
saeltec, and controls, all 1-9 yc of
Bo frank neacologlc abnocaalities in
202 studied.
Fcee erythrocyte pcotopocphycin
coccelated and heaatocrlt negatively
coccelated sltb blood lead. Bo
pathologic necve condactioa
velocities.
lead savltec
t»tD; T9ABO; CBILDRBB; COBPABATIVE
IvlLOlTXOBS: BLOOD; AVSMA;
BBOBOlOQtC RABIFBSTATIOBS
a) Occipationally exposed to Pb
b) Controls
lag ecythcocvta ALl-dehydcatase
invvcsely coccelated «lth blood Pb.
tog ecythcocyte Pcotopocphycin
directly related to blood Pb. Bo
difference eean acinicy ALA, exposed
vecsis controls.
Bork«cs occapatlonally exposed to
leal In a polyvinyl chloride factory
for 3-11 yc. Healthy ooexposed
controls.
Lt»D; JAPA«; OCCUPATIOB.U H»7\3DS;
CO".?*^HTIVS SviLUATtlOllSj ftLOOD;
1ETUS
*) Controls, no kno«n occupational
exposoce
b) occupational exposoce fros 1 ivlg, E.
Beckaann, J.
1978














                                                                                      (BEIT  PAGE)

-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
n
AtU 207.2, HP 327.» C, BP  1790  C.  7P 1.77 •• Rg at 1000 C.  1  aa  Bq at  970 C,  10 mm Hq at 1160 C
                                                                                       (COITIIOED)
TXSSOC
22S8
Blood



2292
Blood

1


2335
Blood




2338
Blood





BIPOSOBE BOOTS




Ingestlon




Injection




Ingestion





ANALYTICAL
!«ETHOD
AAS



















BOBBER
Df CASES
•»



1




1




1





BARGE
71-138 llg/100 >1



Mot applicable




a) lot applicable
b) lot applicable
c) lot applicable
d) lot applicable




96-120 09/100 al




(HIT
HEAI
99.7 aq/100 ll



80 og/dl




a) 70 aq/lOO al
b) 11» 19/100 al
c| 79 og/100 ml
1) 72 09/100 «9




108 09/100 al




P»SB)
Gt!»fRli UPOSIATIO*
Ml M4 clinical signs of "b
poisoning.
•aplovee* of ahlp-vrecking yard In
Oat«»>or4, S"«d»n, foe S v*-70 yc,
«9«1 26-K6 yc.
»plqht l»s, abdoelnal pain>
conatlpttlon and/or diarrhea,
(atigtix, ccaaps, roeltinq
OU a teal ship-halls
.inns: t*«D; BLOOD; DIIRE: ADMITS;
nCC1P»TIO»»L H4T1BQS: C\St HISTOPI'S:
SIEDEI
<6 ao old infant admitted to kospltal
In nt city.
Selxicea, llstlennesa, poor feeding,
focal alovlnq and cate ahacp •«»•« in
left po*teco-lateral area a» nhonn by
•lectroencephaloqra*. irritability
Basophlllc atlpplinq of red tlood
cells, elevated free erythcocyte
pcotoporphyrio
Partheanare piteker
IIRtlS: LEAD; BLOOD; I1FAJTS; IK
T05K
a) Tiae of adeiisioa
b) 20 aontlts after adalulon
c) 29 aonthe after Bdalaaion
d| 36 aontke after adaiulon
Black voean aged 46 yr froa Jacaey
City, M
•alse rate of 106/ain, grade II/TI
aldayatolic ejection aacaac, qrand
eal aelxoce
Anaala, Sncepkalopathy, lead
aepbxopathy. vitlliqo and
hyperpiqientatioo of goaa, pile
conjectifae. oteras enlarged wita
flbroayoaata.
Soil
LItO; IBOI; HETALS; BLOOD; BLOOD
SEIOd; LEAD POISOIIIO; lllflia; «E1
JBBSBT; IBHIOU6IC BAIIPESTATIOIS;
IBBfOOS 3TSTI8 DISEASES; ORIK
Patient aged 2« liTing in Britain had
porckaied apkrodialacs froa
BanglndMb.
Constipation, precordlal pain,
generalised pain, colicky loin pain,
nausea, and Toaltlng
Intestinal liens, aideroblastlc
aaeaia
Ipkrodlsiac coapoands
IBAO; HITALS; LEAD POISOIIIC; DITTID
KIIGDOH; BLOOD; QIIR; BLOOD SESOB

E'T^'tfCT
Craeer, K.
Coyer, E.A.
Jaqenbarq, S.
vilson, r.n.
197»



Sitarz, K-t.
1975




Vedeen, H.P.
Balllk. O.K.
Batnaan, ».
Bogdea, J.D.
1978




Brearley, B.L.
Vorsytke, A.H.
1978






-------
7*39-92-1
Pb
»t« 207.2. IIP 327.* c. BP 17*0 C, TP  1.77 •• 89 at  1000  C.  1  ••  Bg at 970 C,  10 >• Bq «t 1160 C
                                                                                      (COBTIEOBD)
TISSUE
2*03
Blood





25*5
Blood







KIPOSOIE BOOTE
Inhalation













aULTTXClL
BETBOD






US
»ST







IOBBBB
OP CaSBS
a) 1
b» 1
c| 8*





20







BMGE
^.,-
a) 36-118 og/dl
b) «0-177 ng/dl
c) 00-50 ag/dl




-
70-1*0 09/100 •!






(«EIT
BEII
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given





lot given






J,, it.^
P»BB)
GEIBBit IIPOBBlflOl
at Patient 1 admitted to hospital 3
tlees in 11 souths. Baxlsas value
and death followed third adelssloa
b) Patient 2 adaitted to hospital
teice
c) Canadian Indian children
Patients 1 and 2, 1* and 16 yr old
sales, respectively, with history of
freqaent gasoline sniffing, froa
Shaaattasa Indian Fessrvation In
lortheastera (Unitoba, Canada.
Children aged 9-17 yr fros Little
Grand Rapid* Indian reservation in
Eastern Banltoba, Canada, vith
history of saltiple sajor social
problem.
alsorientatlon, treeors, ataxlc gait,
hallucinations, sleeplessness,
hypotension, apnea, fever, cardiac
acrest
Basophilic stippling of SBC'S
Tetraethyl lead
Amis; LEID; saSOtTM; IBan nictlic
CONPODIDS; IM9 COBP03IDS; BLOOD;
mm poisotli?; IUD POISOHMG: osiG
»90SE; CISE BISTOBIBS: WOIBSCMTS:
C1ILDICI; C*»»D»
»inor nenrologlcal anl histo logical
abnormalities noted had little
relation to blood lead levels.
lorVers in lead seelting and refining
plant In DenearX.
1 vlth history of chronic exposure
had colic and high blood lead, and
low henoglobin, plus signs of lead
neuropathy, learological
abnorsalities belov point of
neuropathy, found in •> if 20 »«n.
Sllqht Increase in fibers vlth
paranodal resywllnatlon. Some
internodes of seall dianster.
possibly ear ting onset of prleary
deayelination or of axonal dasagc.
lend smelting and refinitg
»IOOD: 9B<«WK: ti\o; ^WMS:
OCCIPUT ton »i mzMiDS; SMITTRS

BBnBBBCE
Boeckx, B.I.
Postl, B.
Coodin. F.J.
1977





Buchthal. F.
Behse, V.








-------
lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
At» 207.2, HP 327.il c, BP 1740 C, TP  1.77  ae  Hg  at  1000  c.  1  •• Hg at 970 c, 10 ir Kg at 1160 C
                                                                                      (CO«TI«OED)
TISSUE

26«7
Blood




















2648
Blood















2662
Blood














EXPOSURE BO DTE
r- .. , -
Inhalation






















































1IALTTXCU.
RETBOD
US






































Dithixone















HOflBEH
OP CASES
a| lot
given
b) Mot
given
cl dot
given
d| 00-69
el 23
fl 23













215
















43















RUMGB

a) 53-74 ng/dl
b) 44-77 ug/dl
c) 21 -43 ug/dl
d) < «0-87 ug/dl
a) leas than 20 to > or •
60 ug/dl
f) less than 20 to > or -
60 ug/dl














47-471 ug/dl
















lot git fa















«A»

a) 60 ug/dl
b| 56 ug/dl
cl 35 ug/dl
d| lot given
el 31.9 ug/dl
fl 41.2 ug/dl
















lot given
















0.21 ppl »«t vt















<3E*F.HAt '•PORSATTCI"

a) firing range 1 Instructors
bl firing rang* 2 Instructor*
c) Firing rang* 3 Instructor*
d) Plrearn Instructors
el Firearms Instructors, after
outdoor training period
f) Flrearis Instructors, after Icdoor
training period

Eiploree* of lav enforcement agencies
In lev York, sean age «0. 3 rr, wan
duration of esplofmnt 6.6 yr.
Headache, dizziness, fatigue.
weakness, nervousness.
hrperlrrltabllitf, and sleep
disturbances. Los* of appetite.
•eight loss, abdoslnal discoifort and
pain.
Firing range
two; occo?rrtn*tL H»Z»RDS: nrus;
CMTRIL lEifOOS STSTCH DISElSfS;
C»STBOHTESTII»I. STSTSR; BIOOD:
P»OTOPOBPHTRI»S ; IN YORK
Levels detected betmen 1966 and
1972. fo correlation, in 47 cases
tested 2-9 yr latex, bet«e«n Pb
poisoning and certain cental traits.

Patients detected through screening
of high risk neighborhoods «b«n 10-12
•o of age (eean-30 BO) Sibling
controls.

18 patients nitti levels above 127
ug/dl Buffered froa voiltlng.
deoisln***. Irritability or atada.
(1BHLS; LE1B; LHD POISOIIIG;
COBPiltTIVE BTalDlTIOeS; lEDBOtOCIC
81HFESTITIOIS; CHItDlEI; IiniTS;
BLOOD; ItLIIOXS
Sose decrease in aean levels with
increasing age.

Samples from autopsies from the
Cincinnati ana (1969-1971] of 46
•hit* lales, tged 20-84 yr. 19
trauaatic deaths, 6 deaths doe to
drags or carbon aonoiide, 21 deaths
doe to eedic«l causes.
Ll»0; amis; BOIBS; ADIPOSE TISSOE;
OBIIB; 80SCLES; IlITBSTIIESi BKIRT;
SKII; BllDDEB; STOBICR; BRall;
TESTES: TBYBOID GtafDS: PBOSMTB;
BLOOD; tDREIU. gtilDS; LOIGS; SPLCEI;
PHCBBJS; KIOIBYS; IIVEB; aOBTa;
aROPSIBS: OHIO; BIOtCCOBOLlTIOl
SEFEHrHCE

rischbeln, 4.
Bice, C.
Sarkozi, L.
Kon, S.H.
Pectroccl, II.
SeliVoff, 1.3.
1979















Sachs. U.K.
Krall, T.
RcCanghran, D. A.
Bosenfeld, I.R.
Youngssith, I.
Gro«e, G.
lazar, B.s.
Bovar, L.
0* council, I.
Payson, B.
1Q7B






cross, s. B.
Pfitzer, E.A.
Yeager, O.B.
Kehoe, B. A.
1975











                                                                                       (IBXT  PA6B)

-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
»tS 207.2. HP 327. » C. BP  17W C,  TP  1.77  ••  Rg  it 1000 C,  1  •• Hg at 970 C, 10 IS Rg «t 1160 C
                                                                                      (C01TXI08D)
   TISSOB
  2670
  Blood
  2675
  Blood
  2718
  Blood
              EIPOSOiE SOOTS
              Xngestlon
                                   AHLYTXCJkL
                                     HW10D
  HOSBBS
 OF CaSBS
•I  1
bl  1
c)  56
d|  56
                                                    133
                                                                           BlICB
a) lot applicable
b) lot applicable
c) 10-30 ug/dl
d) 10-32 ug/dl
             2.5-52.5 09/100 al
             a) lot applicable
             b) lot applicable
             c) Rot applicable
             d) lot applicable
             •) lot applicable
             f) 21-»9 og/dl
                                                                                                     HEM
a)  35 ug/dl
b)  13 ng/dl
c)  17.3 ng/dl
d)  17.2 ag/dl
                                          12. « ag/100  al
                               96 ug/il
                               41 ag/dl
                               26 ag/dl
                               60 ag/dl
                               ~>2 ug/dl
                               Ot given
                                                              GZBBBIL IIFOSBITIOI
a) 6-«o-old exposed to newsprint
log-burning
b) Bother of 6-eo-old
c) Control infanta 0-6 10  of age
d) Control (others
looe dost lead levels related  to
nevsprlnt log-darning.

6-io-old breast-fed baby and nothec.
Control infants and aothers in  the
saeo coaannlty.

(larked elevation in ervthrocyte
prophyrln.

Newsprint logs and hand-to-soath
contact

t«T>; lt»D poiSOIIIG; (TO  TOBK;
Sinoo; C09P»B»TITK BTitOtTIOIS;
!IIT>LS: SKTlt POISOITIIJ
                                                                  Ho occupational exposure.  Cltf
                                                                  vorkers had signlCleantlT elevated
                                                                  blood Pb.   Other correlations ar*
                                                                  preRented.

                                                                  Realthv donors of transfusion blood
                                                                  daring Jalv-Septesber of 1°''«.

                                                                        HBTUS;  BLOOD;  ^O
                        a) *oth*r before chelatlon  thnrapr
                        b) Bother after 2 days chelatioa
                        tnerapr      .  .
                        c| ilother at discharge, after
                        del if err
                        d) cord blood
                        e) Infant at 1* days
                        f) Infant range for 3-11 so  «ith 2
                        period* of chelatlon therapy

                        Unborn f*aalv and hvr 17-yr-old
                        •other «ho had eaten paint chips
                        lacing th« last sonths of pregnancy

                        lother:  pain in lover aitreaitl**
                        for 3 «k. Alaqnosls of lead
                        poisoning.

                        lothir:  sose basophllic stippling of
                        PBCS
                        Tnfant:  bone *nd TtIC signs  c*
                        pl°vV90B«; tMIOTZC  '1010;
                                                                                                                     BlOOt>: PtC«; B
                                                                                                    HEFEBEICB
Perkins, K.c.
oski. F.X.
1976
                                                                                             Hencel. S.J.
                                                                                             Thorp, R.H.
                                        Tlapo. >.l.
                                        »aln, J.S.
                                        Casallno, I.e.
                                        Tacvogl-l, ».',.
                                        10T>

-------
Lead
•"139-92-1
Pb
»t« 207.2,  HP  327.11 -..  at 17BO C, ?P  1.77 » Hg it 1000 C,  1  II Hg at 970 C,  10  aa  Hq at 1160 C
                                                                                         (COITIXOED)
TISSOB

!769












773
llooa



























816
load








FlPOStJP' POOTE

Ingestion















m























-
Derail








AHALTtlCAL"
RETROD













AAS



























AAS








HHHBES
OF CASK
96












al 3
b) 36
c| 22
dl 1

























a) 10
bl 9








RANGE

> 0.5 og/g












a) 20-34 09/100 cc
b) «3-87 og/100 cc
c) SB-108 ug/100 cc
d) lot applicable

























a) 10-25 09/100 el
b) 11-70 09/100 si







(I BIT
1E»H

Rot given












a) 28.6 og/100 cc
b) 57.1 ng/100 cc
c) 78.2 og/100 cc
d| 235.2 ug/100 cc

























al 16.0 09/100 el
ta) 28.22 og/100 si


%




PAGE)
r-imi -HFORBATIO"

Levels In <" of 705 children
5 urn? red.
Children In a ran-do«n area •>'
Boston.
Lend toxlclty noted. Central nervoos
systeas effects: hyperactlvlty.
behavior probleas, loarnlng
disabilities.
Paint and plaster
L«AO; TTTALS; CmDRBW: BLOOD;
IEOBOL1GIC tU'IFeSTATIOWS;
BIOACCOROLATtOII; QBBII ABBAS;
1BBITIOS PISOSPEBS; HASSACROStTTS
*| Administrators, laboratory
technician (air levels, 11.9-17.0
og/e)
b) Horkers: maintenance, loading.
kitchen, battery assembling S
sealing, grid sselting 6 casting.
breaking 6 drying of plates.
slscellaneoos (air levels, 23-299
09/e3l
c) Vorkura: drying, breaking *
finishing plates, forsation, airing.
ponder preparation, oven sselting.
pasting S drying, oxide fabrication
(air levels, 266-1315 og/a3)
d) Barker doing odd 1obs, soee
evenings spent in factory.
Batterv factory workers aean age 37. »
(range 19-65), seen seniority ">.o yr
(range 1 so-26 yrl .
fatigue, headache, abdominal cramps.
loss of appetite, or nausea reported
by 13/26 eorkers "ith blood Pb levels
of 20-S<> og/100 cc and by 23/35
workers «lth levels of 60* og/100 cc.
Battery plant
HBTALS; LIAD; BLOOD; BIOaCCOBDLATTOI;
ORAL POISOIIIQ; OCCOPITIOIAL
BIZABDS; TIOB3TBIAL ATHOSPBSBES;
ISRAIL
at Ion-exposed
b) exposed
Difference betveen groups *as
significant.
Bsployees of I.V. SIDHiR ate el plant
In Ghent, Belgium.
lead naphthenate
URALS; LEAD; BLOOD; OCCOPATIOIAL
BAZARDS; BELOIOH

~3»f?ani«ci!~" "

Pueschel, S.r.
ma











rlchter, t.o.
yaffe, y.
Groener, V.
H^o

























van Pe teg hem, t.B.
deVos, B.
197«








-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
AtS 207.2. HP 327.* C. BP 17M C, TP 1.77 mm Bg at 1000 C, 1 •• Bg at 970 C, 10 •• Bg  at  1160  C
                                                                                      CCORTIROBD)
TISSUE

2889
Blood














2951
Blood




2 «63
Blood




2965
Blood












2985
Blood










	
EXPOSURE BOOTE





















































______ 	
AIALTTICAL
HETROD
Dlthl-one




















AAS



















AAS











ROBBER
OF CASES
a) 23
b) 42
cl 35
dl 23




















30





12.000













a| 81
b) 130








BARGE

a} Rot given
b) Rot given
c) Rot given
d) Rot given














'





29-98 ag/100 al





a) Rot given
b) lot given
c) lot given












a) Rot given
b) Rot given








I
I
REAI

a) 7*. 5 * or - 26
ag/100 si
b) 52.8 » or - 21
ag/100 al
c) 41.0 » or - 12
ag/100 al
d) 23.0 » ac - 14
ag/100 al

















53. 5? ag/100 al




	 	 	
a) >60 ag/100 >1
b) 135 ag/100 al
c) 86 ag/100 el












a) 0.91 ' or - O.T>
ug/g
b) 0.58 » DC - 0.13
aq/g









GEIERAL TRFOB-IATIOR

a) pb-poisoned workers
b) Sorters with aoderately increased
Pb absorption
c) lorkers vith slightly increased Pb
absorption
d) Rockers with physiologic Pb
absorption, polluted environeent
Rroaps established on the basis of
workers' coaplalnts, clinical
exaai nation and tozicological tests.
•orkers eeployed 1-23 yr in a
Hungarian storage battery plant.
Rone of the cases of chronic Pb
poisoning investigated had seven*
syeptoas of colic or encephalopathy.
Storage battery plant
1RTIL3; LEAD; BLOOD; OBIRE;
OCCO'ATIORAL B-S1BD3; COHPXSATIY!
BfALOATIOIS; SSX; BOSBABT
*evlev
•
BETTER; LEAD: URAL POISOIIIG;
•:II-LDS-»: IROOSTBISL EHISSIOSS;
PAIRtS; ROTBITIORAL DISOBDBBS; WE:
KETVLS; BLOOD
tdilts (2*-62 yr| working in
refining, catting or velding of Pb,
leu Jersey.

ICTUS; .WO; BLOOD; OMUE;
OCCQPATTORAL HASASOS; R8V JS5SFT
a) Lewis In 1 of 4 children tested
prior to aass screening and In ? of
109 daring nass screening
b) syaptosatic children on adaission
orlor to aass screening
c) Syaptoaatlc children on adaimion
daring lass screening
children la tevark, RJ. lean age 1
yr 'or syaotoaatic children, K yr for
asriptoaatlc daring aass screening
period. °0' blacks. Absence of aass
screening 1af7-49, cass screen Ini
froi 1970.
imus; LS»D; HLono; fir ?i:<;o•) Fetal
tier «t basis, laternal levels
elevated by factor of 2-3 In lato
nnt>iin M>d early "Inter.
Samples froa 4 hospitals in
»asb»llle. T».

PH"F«7»; 1ETALS; T8ACE BIBIFRTS:
TBVICSS^B: 9LOOD* "\T°* C^*1°AP\TIV1<
KfALUATtaHS; IfPCTST: LEAD; CA01ID1:
SII'IIM; POP'nTOI; T-Q«I; ZT»Tj
.on»Lr
BEP5REKCE
„ -
Lancranjan. I.
Popesca, B.I.
Gavanesca. 0.
Klepsch, I.
Serbanesca. n.
1975













Hccabe, E.B.
1979




Titale, L.P.
Joselo*. n.i.
Hedeea. R.P-
Pa«lo«, "•
19-5

ero»dec, A.
Joselav* a.*t.
Loaria, D.r.
Lavenhar, ".
Foster. J-
1Q"»B









Schalert. J.
Wilson, 0.
lars^ii, K.
Fnnsiar) 1.
Schaffnpr. ».
»off»an, L.
DavieSf j.
1074



	 J " tR.IT PAGB1

-------
Lead
7H39-92-1
Pb
At8 20''.2.  HP 327.1  c,  UP 17110 C, 7F 1.77 nn  Kg  at 1000 C, 1 11 Sg at 970  c,  10  >n Hg at 1160 C
                                                                                        (COHTIBOED)
TISSUE 1 EXPOSBRE BOOTS

!99»
31ood











Blood












Blood







3161
Hood









.






















.•











Ingestion










ANALYTICAL
SETHOD
MS












































B0.13BR
DP CASES
a) 73
b) 36









.

b| 20
cl 100
d) 22 •
'









b| 69
cl 162






a| 56
b> 60
c) 50
d| 50






"
RANGE

_
a) 0-68.5 ug/100 »1
b) 0-7.5 ug/10.0 «1



'







b) Not given
c) Sot given
d) 2U-82 ug/100 ml










than »0 ug/100 ml
b) less than 30 - greater
than 10 ug/100 ml
c) less than 30 - greater
than »0 ug/100 ml



a) 0.9-3.3 umol/1
b) 1.0-3.2 unol/1
c) 0.3-2.0 umol/1
d) 0.1-2.2 uBOl/1







1EAN

	
al 18.0 t or - 12.9
ug/100 ml
b) 1. 0 ug/100 nl




.





ug/100 «1
b) 70 » or - 10.6
ug/100 nl
ng/100 nl
d) 06.0 » or - 11.9
ug/130 nl-


.


	 	

b) 26 ug/100 nl
c) 2» ug/100 nl

-


'
	 	 	
1.9 umol/1
1.9 uiaol/1
0.7 unol/l
0.8 umol/1






_
GESSRAL TSPOP.aftTIOV
. - .
a) Occupational!? exposed
h) Controls

Borders exposed to Pb 2-15 yr in a
polv»iny 1 chloride factory. Controls
without occupational exposure.
Host froav stabilizing agents in
polyrinyl chloride factory
LE^3;- MBTRLS; JUPfc*; OCCDPJLTIOUAL
!T^Z»RDS; BLOOD; 03IHE; flBASUBESEBT
METHODS; CO!!?A5*TIVB EVAHIATIOSS;
EStTHES; SDOLTS

treat-Rent with zinc and vitaiin C
b> Occaoationally exposed battery
workers, before treatment with zinc
c) Controls
d) Storage battery workers after 21
wttr tre*t»ent with zinc and vitanin c
Hortcers, aged 28 - 60 yr, eaployed at
a- battery plant fro* * - 34 yr.- 100
controls with no known Pb exposure.
LEAD; ZISC; COPPER; R»TiLS; TRUCE
ELEMENTS; BLOOD; BLOOD SER01; IROH;
REHOGLOBISS; URIHE; , DIETS ; TITAHIH C
• " " ' -i'f.- ' r ' '
b) Von-farmworker children, -Bedicaid
enrol lei
c| ?ion-fariiworker children, not
Sedicaid enrolled
Levels in famworker boys have higher
ml, respectively)
BLOOD; CHILDREN; FAR*S; LEAD; HEW
YORK
a) Adalt females in houses with lead
water pipes
b) Children- in houses with lead water
pipes
copner .water pipes
d) Children in 'houses with copper
water , pipes -. ^ -
Levels fell to .nornal within 6 nonths
Lead pipes . .
BLOOD; CHILDREN; DEIUKIBG WATER;
ADULTS; COPPER: LEAD; UNITED KISGDOn
REFERENCE

Tonov.uni, K.
1179











Sohler, A.
Pfeiffer, C.:.
1078





•




Herfcens, n.J.
1979






Thomas, H.F.
Elwood, p.c.
selsby, E.
St. Leger, A.S.







                                                                                        (NEXT PAGE!

-------
Lead
7H39-92-1
Pb
it! 207.2, »P 327.« C, BP  1710 C, VP  1.77  n  Hg  at 1000 C,  1 II Bg at 970 C, 10 mi Hg at 1160 C
                                                                                      (COHTIHOED)
TISSBE

looa



163
jlood


:•
-

Jlood




-
835
Jlood,
-ells


955
Jlood,
-ells

EXPOSURE EOOTE





Inhalation


'



.









ANALYTICAL
I1ETHOD





	
'
AAS
'


'
•






_ _
AAS i
-
•
.
'"

HUHBBB
OP CASES

•



	
1










.
al 23
b| 52
c| 23
d) 52



PAHGE
*

'

'
-
a) Not applicable
b) Not applicable











a) Hot given
b) Hot given
c) Hot given
d) Not given

'
(8EXT
HE4B





a) 67 ug/100 ml
b) HO ug/100 ml











a) 26.0 ug/100 ml
b) 26.7 ug/100 ml
c) 25.0 ug/100 ml
d) 25.7 ug/100 ml


PASE)
GEHEHAL INFOBBATIOH

grouping 'by age, sex, and blood
glucose-6-POi* dehydrogenase status.
Peaks at 1-3 yr of age (29.1 ag/100
nit and 6 yr (28.1 ug/100 al).
Effects of other variables assessed.
Placfc children of South Philadelphia
exanined fron July 1972 to March 1973
at the Children's Hospital.
Significant depression of hematocrit
. and heaoglobin with increasing blood
" lead in the 1-3 yr olds only.
LEAD; PENNSYLVANIA; CHILDREN; BLOOD;
PETALS; HEMOGLOBINS; PACIAL STUDIES;
SET; ASE; ENZYKES; O^BAN ABSAS
a) While lead-base-painted vood .was
burned for heat
b) .After chelation therapy, and
cessation of burning of painted wood
5 yr old white male
do syoptoms of lead poisoning
Burning of lead-base-painted wood for
heat
. IEAD; BLOOD; CHILDREN'; 3ET\LS;- PAINTS
.

• screening tests suggested excessive
bod? burdens. Two hospitalized with
lead colic. -• Exposure; 3-6 yr. Ages
28-50 yr. ' • . -
Two sublects: lead colic
• 3 subjects: ':. precl inical Pb
nephropathy.
occupational Pb exposure
L*4D; H3TALS.; »!?TAL POISOHI8G;. LEAD.
POISOVI1G; .3LPOT1; OEIME; OCCUPATIOHAL
H4ZA8DS; MINEHAX !1BTHBOLTS,H
aT "Bothers;- «rbar.
b) Mothers, rural
Mothers and newborn in , Italy, -23
pairs in Pavia, and 52 pairs in rural
areas.
LEAD; 1"??ALS; ^EW^ORS; BLOOD; ITALY;
OSBTLTCAL CORD; COHP'RATIVE
FVALUATIOHS
-
Review
P7VTEU; PETALS; LEAD; HEALTH EAZAPDS;
CHILDPF1!; ADOLTS; HETAL TOXICITY;
flE?*POL!T?S ; ^LOOD PL & SI A ; 9LOOD
S5S'Jf; 90HFS; OPT^E; A0701OTIVB;
SRYTHSOCYTES; 3LOOD; HAIR; NATL.S;
SSLTVA

SEPEBENCE

197* -



De Castro, F. j.
Lazzara, J.
Eolfe, D.T.
Engeler, E.





HaesaVfi, J.K.
Lipat, G. A.
Lyons, "!.S.
Vitale, L.F.
Joselow, H. n.

•


_
Cavalleri, J.
«inoia, C.
Pozzoli, L.
Dolatti, f.
Bolis, P.?.
1978

	 	 „
Posner, H.S.
1977


-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
It* 207.2, HP 327.• C, BP 17«0 c, TP  1.77 •• Rg at  1000  C.  1  » flq at 970 c, 10 •• Hg at 1160 C
                                                                                      (COITIRdED)
TISSUE
2993
Blood,
cells

762
Blood,
fetal



763
Blood,
plaasa


76»
Blood,
plassa


EIPOSDRE R09TB
..





	 	


.



ARkLTTICAL
KETROD
US
„
US



us


us


lOHBBB
OP CIStS
al 00
b| 25
c| 23

253



165


a) 30
b| 31
c| 17
dl 12


RMIGt
a) 11.5-11.8 ag/100 ml
b) Rot given
c) Rot given

a) Rot given
b) Rot given
c) lot given



a) Rot given
b) Rot given
c) Rot given


a| 0.3-0.9 ag/100 si
b) 0.2-1.3 ag/100 si
c) 0.7-1 ag/100 si
d) 0.2-12.0 ag/100 si


HEIR
a) 23.61 ag/100 al
b) ai.6 » or - 2.5
ag/100 el
c) 29.5 » or - 2.8
ag/130 si

al 1.6 ag/100 g
b) 11.2 ag/100 g
c) 17.5 ag/100 g



a) 3. 10 ag/100 al
b) 3.0 ag/100 si
c) 3. 10 ag/100 si


a| 0.51 ag/100 si
b) 0.61 ag/100 si
c) 1.69 ag/100 si
d) 1.12 ag/100 si


GEHERtL THfOyUTIOl
a) High school students ages 11-11 yr
b) M.«c1l aales and fees lex ages 10-11
yr In school adjacent to a battery
plant
c) alack aales ages 12-16 yr In
schools not near battery plant.
LB»D; 1TML5; BLOOD; BLOOD PUSH;
BBTTHR3rtTSS; "OHPmTXVe
ETM.01TIOIS; »OOLBSC!RTS
a) Ters pregnancies
b) Ters pregnancies with pro sat are
sesbrane raptare
cl Pretere delivery
all sabjects lived in lead-belt area.
lore data available.
Incidence of presatare delivery
13. OH in lead belt region as
cospared to 3< in control region.
air pollition fros lead sselters
LEIO; BBTaLS; BLOOD SBIOB; PBBGRIRCT;
PBTDS; (BOP.TIOR; flI*X*G; 1ISSOOBI;
POPOLkTIOl 8ZPOSORE; OBBILICU. CORD;
PLftCRBTft
a) Ondae exposure
b| Rewbora
cl Controls
Talaes did not differ significantly
fros those of controls.
Sose patients vith encephalopathy
eere Inc laded in groaps of children
nith lead intoxication and sickle
cell disease.
CBILDBBI; IBVBORR; LEAD; HETUS;
BLOOD; EinBlOCTTES: BLOOD PlaSBa;
CILCIOH
a| 10-20 ng/100 al
b| 21-10 ag/100 si
c| 11-80 ag/100 si
d) >«o ag/100 si
Hethod senaitirlty-0.2 ag/100 si
plassa
61 hospi tallied subjects — no prevloas
exposare
29 sabjects with history of
occupational exposare, so as of »hich
showed severe syaptoas of
Intoxication
IBID; BLOOD; BLOOD PLaSHa;
OCCOPkTIOIkL BaCkRDS: OR1RB; BBTkLS;
CILIPORRIlt
""EB'prp
(ngle, C.P.
KcTPtlre, U.S.

Tahla, !1.S.
rahia. Z.
Rail, D."..
1976



Rosen, J. P.
Trinidad, E.E.
197S


Caralleri, a.
Binoia, C.
POXTOli, L.
Barafflnl. I.
197B


                                                                                      (•BIT PiOB)

-------
Mad
7*39-92-1
Fb
EM 207.2. BP 327.* C. BP 1740 C, TP 1.77 mm Bg it 1000 C, 1  •• Bg at  970 C,  10  ••  Bg at  1160 C
                                                                                     (COITIIOED)
TXSSOB

183*
Blood.
plasaa








1957
Blood,
plasaa













295*
Blood.
plasaa





2992
Blood,
plama


2953
Blood,







BXPOSOBB IOBTB












Derail





































IIILTTICIL
RBTBOD
US










IIS























	 	 	 , ..
IIS













ROBBER
OP CISBS
a) 23
b) 52
c| 23
d| 52







a| 69
b) 35






















«0













URGE

a) lot given
b) lot given
c) Rot given
d) lot given







a) lot given
b) lot given






















4.S-7.2 ag/100 el












(•MT
BEII

a) 0.75 ag/100 •!
b) 0.63 ag/100 al
c) 0.62 ag/100 el
d) 0.62 ag/100 al







a) 3. a ag/100 al
b) 3.6 ag/100 el






















lot given












PISE)
GEIBUL XIFORIIITXOR

a) totters, urban
b) Bothers, rural
c) Renborn, urban
d) Reuborn, rural

Rotters and nenbore in Italy, 23
pairs in Pavia, and 52 pairs in raral
areas.
LEaD; HETILS; HBIBOBI; BLOOD; ITILT;
OHBILICIL COID; COIPIRITIVB
BTILOITIORS
a) (orders at Pb saelter, eeployed at
least 1 yr
b) Controls
Cd levels within noraal Halts.

Baployees froa secondary Pb seelter
and controls froa nearby 11
processing plant in Southern
California.

Industrial
"ETILS; IRSERIC; IBID; BLOOD; BLOOD
FlISRI; RIIR; COBPIRITm
EVILOITIORS; REIRIie; ICTBOLOGIC
RtlTFESTITIORS; OCCOPITIORIL H1ZXSDS;
IRDOSTRICS; SHELTERS; CILIFOPJII
Cavie.

•BTIEI; HETILS; LEIO; RB1LTH HIXIRDS;
CBILDSRR; IDOLTS; 3FT»t TOIICITT;
BRIBOltTtS; BLOOD PL1SRI; BLOOD
SIHUB; BOIES; OSIKF; IOTOHOTITB;
ERTTRBOCTTES; BLOOD: HII?; RIILS;
SILTfl
Rigb school students ages 1*-18 Tr

L«D; HniLS; BLOOD; BLOOD P1ISM;
ERTTRROCTT'S; COHPIHITIVB
1VILOITI9RS; IDOLBSCMTS
Revie*

REfTBV; irT»LS; LEID; RE1LTH RIU99S;
CRILDPB1; IDOLTS: HBTIL tOXlCITY;
RRTIROLITPS; BLOOD PLISM; BLOOD
SERIfS; BOIES) RRIIE; DOTOifOTIVE;
RRTI>>ROCtTBS; HOOD; HITB; RITLS;
SILTVt

REFElEirE

Cavalleri. I.
Rinoia. C.
Poxzoli, L.
Polattl. t.
Bolis. P.P.
1978





Baloh, R.I.
Spivey, 6.R.
Broun, C.P.
Rorgan, D.
Caapion, D.s.
Brovdy, B.L.
Valentine. J.I.
Gonick. B.C.
Rassay, F.J.
Culver, B.D.
1979





Posner, U.S.
1977






ingle, c.n.
Cclntlre, s.s.
197«


Posner, R.s.
1977








-------
Lead
7»39-92-1
Pb
At! 207.2. DP 327.* C, BP  17ao C,  fP  1.77  » Hg at 1DOO C. 1 ae  Hg at  970  C.  10  •• Hg at 1160 C
                                                                                       (CO»TIII(JBD|
tlSSOE

765
Blood.
•hole












.

766
Blood.
• hole






767
Blood,
uhole



















768
BlOOd,
ehole











EXPOSURE 80DTE

















,.









Ingest ion
Inhalation



















Inhalation













AIALYTICAL
1BTHOO
US
















APDC-HIBK
AAS







us



















us













IQHBBt
or CISES
1690
















320








10 1». 258
con tcol s



















a) 15
b) 12
c| 7











RAIGE

2-225 ag/dl
















0-86 og/100 •!








a) lot given
b) lot given
c) Rot given
d) lot given


















a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given











(IBM

35. 2 ug/41
















36 ag/100 al








a) 16. 3» ag/100 al
b) 16.36 ag/100 al
c| 21.0* ag/100 ml
d) 16.56 ag/100 el


















a| 70 ag/100 al
b) 68 ag/100 Bl
c) 76 ag/100 •!











GE1PRAL IIPO?IIJ1TI31

flocks had higher blood Pb than
vhites
People fro* out state areas shoved
higher aean Pb than those in urban or
sabnrban areas. Contamination of
saiples during storage nay explain
elevated levels, lo complete trace
•etal exposure data foe stated areas
of residence.
Military recroits froa Chicago,
Illinois and adjacent areas in
Illinois and Indiana indacted betveen
Jane 2° and July 10, 1969
BLOOD: CADHIOJ; COPPER; LEAD; ZIIC;
1ETALS; AGE; S10KIIG; TOB1CCCS;
DIETS; ILLIIPIS; IIDIAIA; P.ACIAL
StODIBS
lo correlation betveen the Pb and Tl.

children betveen the ages of 1 and 5
years, predominantly black and
Spanish-speaking residents of "evark.
IJ. 320 blood sasples collected over
a »-ye«r period, (1971-197*).
BLOOD; TH»LLIOB; LHO; CBILDBEI;
•ilOUCCniOlATIOII; URALS; IE« JERSEY
a) Leal seelter toiins
b) Copper seelter tovns
c) Zinc sselter tovns
d) Controls

Sasples fros children living In 19
tovns vith prieary non-ferrous
shelters. Control groep of sale ages
in three coaaanities vithoat
seelters.
rev children had blood levels high
enoiga to be associated vith
hesatologic or nearologlc toxicity.
Stack esissioas
MSNIC; IE»0; CaDHIOR; H»IR; OHIIE;
BLOOD; ERrTBROCIIES; SHELTERS;
COPPER; tllC; CHILD8EI; POPOL1TIOI
EXPOS DIE; DBTtLS; »IS POLLOT1OI;
• ITBS POLLOTIOI; IE* HEXICO;
HISSOORI; IIRZOII; BOHHH;
TEIIESSEE; IEVID1; HICHIGH;
OKLkRORk; TEXAS; PEIISTLVtII*
__
•
a) Pain for >3 so
b) Pain subsided in 3 ao
c) lo pain
Oaration of abdosinal pain (lead
colic)
•orkers in a secondary saelter vho
vere treated for lead poisoning
betveen Jaen 1973 C Decesber 1975.
Sean eaployeent tlae ».7 yrs. (0.5-23
yrs).
Blood Pb in workers should not veceed
50 ag/100 si to slnislze illness.
LEAD; BLOOD; OSIIE; OCCOPkTIOIkL
BAZIRDS; BETALS; CALIPORIIA
1 »f;r»RB»rr
1
Creason, J.P.
Haaser, O.r.
Colacci, A.T.
Prlester, L.
Davis, J.
1976











Singh, a. P.
Bogden, J.D.
Joselov, B..1.
1975





Paker, E.L., Jr.
Bayes, c.G.
Landrigan, ?. J.
Bandke, J.L.
Leger, R.I.
Bousevorth. v.j.
Harrington, J. ti.
1977














Dahlgren, J.
1978












                                                                                       (IEXT PAGE)

-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
atl 207.2, HP 327.4 C, BP mo C. TP 1.77 •• Bg at  1000 C.  1 ••  89 at  970  C,  10 ••  Hg at  1160  C
                                                                                      (COITIIDBD)
TISSUE
769
Bloat.
•hole

:
770
Blood,
•hole



771
BlOOS,
(hole



EXPOSURE BOOTB
, Ingestion

•

"






lULTTIClL
8ETHOD
A1S


US
•
I
i

MS



IDSBEB
OF CISES
a) 211
b) 228
c) 12«
d| 89


502



a) «0
b) 35
cl «9



BalGE
a) 1«. 6-19.0 ag/100 al
b) 11.5-11.8 og/100 al
c) U. 2-19.0 og/100 al
d) ia. 1-16.5 ng/100 al


a} lot given
b) lot given
c) lot gl»an


	 	 .. ..
a) 17-29 aj/dl
b) 30-59 ug/dl
c) 60-160 og/dl



RBkl
a) 15.3 ag/100 al
b) 12.5 09/100 al
c| 17.7 09/100 al
d) 16.2 09/100 al


a) 1*.3 09/100 9
b) 25.6 09/100 9
c) 29.1 09/100 g



al 23 ag/dl
b) «8 ug/dl
cl 8« ag/dl



GEIEML IITORRlTIOl
a) Units-sales
b) Idolte-Ceaalee
c) Calldren-eales
d) Children-resales
lead Bolder in electric kettles
LEU); CftlaOl; CHTLOB*E; 1 DOLTS;
BLOOD; JIBTaLS
a) Hatacaal, t*ca prvgnancr
b) iat«cnal tar a with pcaaatorc
•••bran* raptor*
cl Maternal, pr*t«ra
»11 a«bj«ct» !!*• In lead belt area.
Saaplea fro» 2«9 pceqnaot «oaen In
legion I with no lead lining activity
and 253 In Beglon II 30-50 eilea vest
of the ne« lead belt area. Patients
•ere 20-21 years of age. bad resided
In their respective regions for
•tlrast 10 years and had incoaes of
«1000-10.000 a year.
Increased incidence of early aeabrane
raptor* daring pregnancy
llkD; 18TU.S: BLOOD: FETOS;
P^P-.I»«CT; IB08TIOI; RTIIIG;
?OPnL»TT01 BXPOSOB*; 1ISSOOBI; BLOOD
srans; mniLiciL COBD-. PI.ICEIT*
at rontrols, blood Pb 29 ag/dl or
l«M
b) Plosd rb 30-S9 ag/dl
c) Qlood Ph SO ag/dl or higher
Sasples (ro* Black or Puerto Rican
childrvn In the Bronx. Hg*a ranged
froa 1 to * y*ars. til vere seer, at
Sontefior* hospital and Sod leal
r*nt*r between I"7! nr.t 19T>.
*o aetaholic bone disease observed.
Lttn; •>ET»tS; curio"; niitBM.
ir^BOlIS"? RT!>10XTCHOLSC»ICIP«S-»LS;
TITtilTI D; JOTSTTTOIaL OEriCISKClES;
cHiLns»»; aiooo; in YO»K: BLOOD
^•sn»
REFEBBICE
ilgle, D.T.
Charlebois. K.J.
1978


rahia, U.S.
rahia, I.
Ball, D.C.
1976



Sorrell, s.
fiosen, J. p.
?o]irsky, i.
1077



                                                                                                                                                                                              Ol
                                                                                      (1BIT

-------
lead
7»39-92-l

»« 207.2, a? 327.1 C,  BP 1700 C. It  1.77 •• Hq it 1000 C,  1 » Hg at 970  C,  10  ••  Rg at 1160  C
                                                                                      (COSTI1DBD)
TISSUE
712
Blood,
•hole






























773
Blood,
•hole













MPosnsi ROOT!
inhalation
















































ammcai
RETROD

































us















HOHBBS
or c»sss
a) 216
b| 106
c| 32
d| 13
e| 16
f) 0"
g| 31
Controls
h| 23
Controls























al 37
b| «B














H»»GS
a) 2.0-125 ag/100 .1
b) 11.0-125 ag/100 >1
c) 5.0-7B uq/100 ml
d) 2.1-89.0 ug/100 •!
e) 8.1-97.5 ug/100 «1
f) 13.0-92.5 ag/100 «1
q) 11.5-16.0 ug/100 nl
h) 2.5-3:.0 ug/100 il

























a) Mot giTen
b) Not giTen













(HEXT
inn
>) ug.B ug/100 «1
bl ua.6 ag/100 *1
cl 19.0 ug/100 Hi
d) 38.? ug/100 •!
e) 12.8 ug/100 »1
f) 12.0 ag/100 •!
q) 23. •! ug/100 «1
h) 12. 1 ug/100 si

























a) 1.3 aiola/1
b| a.2 nsola/1












_, ™
PAGE)
G»ll»P»t ItFORI|«Tinv
a) HI aitovorkeca, 16-6B rr
b) nechanlcs, 1'-68 jc
c) Apprentice lechanics, 16-25 yr
d) Smiths am »eld«rs, 22-63 yr
e) "ainters. 16-65 ji
f) Dlscellaneoas workers, 1^-60 yr
q) controls, mle, 21-71 yr
b) Controls, fei«l«, 21-73 yr
Control data fro* prvflons study.
Blood biocb«mical, and ledical data
cocparad.
Saipl«s ton 216 Lndlrldaals vockinq
in 10 qaragas (aatovorksnops) oa the
island of Fawn, SennarV.
Abnorial heaatoloqical (Indlngs, high
blood prassara in lachanlcs.
Paint*rs> syapto«s related to the
nervous systei. Tar ions other health
ClndiogBnere giddiness, headaches.
treior in hands, daily stoiach pain,
rash on hands and aris, fash on face.
and rheonatic pain.
Hypertension
Hatoiobila eihaust gas, paints, lead
given off in process of nelding, and
iwd-containing grease and gasoline.
Lead in: triothyl ).ead, tetra«thrl
lead, lead naphthenate.
LB»D; LE»D POISOIIHO: occupations.
Diseases; I»DBSTBI»I POLLOTIOR;
D»9tBK; tOBBICMTS; LBID COBPODIDS;
COflPaSATTfE BTaiOtTIOIS: HBTUS;
• OTOBOTIfB; BLOOD
al Controls
b) Sx posed subjects
»t pb concentrations of 2 or (ore
aiole/1 and errthrocyte aLI.C
actlTity of less than IS mole »U
utUised/iin/ilBBC, haae synthesis is
depressed, thus inducing tH.S
actifity.
18 sale lead poisoned sabjacts, 22-56
yr. 37 controls (28 sale. 9 fesala).
18-52 rr.
1 UO; SET»tS: 9ETIBOI.ISH:
OCCOPATIOHiL 11Z«BDS; BKTHBS; UOOD;
OBIiE; EBITHBOCIIES; 1IDKOC t TBS ;
BESES

JP»rsf»'r>-
Claisen, J.
Pastoqi. S.~.
1077,






























Rareditb, P.*.
Roore, H. B.
Caspbell, B.C.
Thoipson, e.g.
Goldberg, ».
1978











-------
lead
7*39-92-1
Pb
atl 207.2, HP 327.* C, BP 17«0 C, VP  1.77 is  Hg  at  1000  C,  1  •• Rg at 9*>0 C.  10 • • Hg at 1160 C
                                                                                      (COITIHVEOI

              EIPOSOBE RODTBXilltTICXl
                                    8PIHOD
TISSUE
  77»
  BlOOd,
  (hole
  775
  BlOOl,
  •hole
  Blood,
  • hole
  ••77
  Blood,
  whole
              Ingestion
                                                  RDHBBR
                                                 OP ClStS
                                                a)  1
                                                bl  1
                                                c|  1
                                                41  1
                                                 a)  5
                                                 b)  5
                                                 o|  1
                                                 a)  2101
                                                 bl  1562
                                                 c|  263
                                                                        HUGE
a) «3-57 ag/dl
b) 17-50 ag/dl
C) 87-60 ug/dl
d) 19-70 og/dl
a) 7.2-11.a ag/100 q
b) 10.s-21.7 ag/100 g
c) lot applicable
                                                                 lot applicable
a) <»0 ag/100 il
b) W-55 ag/100  «1
c) > or, *  60 ag/100
al  lot given
b)  'lot given
cj  list given
d)  lot given
a) lot given
b) lot given
c) 7.6 ag/100
                                                                                             TO ag/81
a) lot
b| «3t
c| !m
                                                                                                                           GBIBML TIFOBHkTIOl
a) Bother, pre-natal exposure  (5
•on tha)
b) nothec. after expoaaca  (2 lontha).
before birth of child
c) Bother, daring lactation  (8
•ontha)
d) Child, valaes decreased rapidly to
28 ng/dl daring first 2 lonths  froa
initial high nlM, then decreased
•lovlv daring next 6 aonths to  19
ng/dl
Valaes estliated froa graph.  Tiae
given in tenths fros birth.

Saipl.es fros Bother »ho had been
eiploved bv a aanafactarer of
electrical storage batteries until
seven weeks before delivery-

Realthv babf vas breast-fed 9  1/2 eo

LEAD; 1ET»LS: OCCDPHTI01HL RkKtSDS;
SLOOD; T1F41IS; »DOHS; CkSB
BISTOBI-S
a) Peiales
b) Hales
c) diblllcal cord

Sab-Jects reside in Dallas, Texas.
Two Sooth ttrican sahjects had blood
lead tsotopicallv distinct ftoi
native-born subjects.  Sose  had high
to soderate exposures to airborne
lead.
                                                                                                                     T?HTH; \Ta  POt LOTTOS;  HSTUS;
                                                                                                                     1IO*CCOSDHTIO»:  DXSTS; DBBILICIL
                                                                                                                     coao
                                                                                                                  leal level after  taking  pills
                                                                                                                  con to In In q 0.5  «q lead per  pill  (70
                                                                                                                  Dills per 4nv).

                                                                                                                  Saaples froe to yr old woman  admitted
                                                                                                                  to Stanford University Hospital.

                                                                                                                  tneila, diffuse pain, abdosinal  pain,
                                                                                                                  depression, irritability
                                                                                                                            ITTIL  potsomsn;  1ET^ts;  cns»
                                                                                                                      "TSTORTRS; l!»9  POTSOIIRS;  BLOOD;
 t) •;*.»',.  -»2. »t,  »2.6^ of children
 llvinq  >200  ft,  100-200 ft,  <100 ft,
 respectively,  froe lajor roadway
 t«| 16. o«,  2«.2\,  «<>.3« of children
 llvlnq  >20H  ft,  100-203 ft,  <100 ft,
 respect irelr.  fro* sajor roadvar
 c| a. i',  T.e*.  U of children Uvinq
 >2il  ft,  101-20.5  ft, <1fln ft,
 respectively,  fro* as-lnr roadvay.

 chlldron,  residents of levark.
 •easareaents aade at the College of
 Medicine  and Dentistry of Hew Jersey
                                                                                                                                  !  StOOO;
                                                                                                                      ni«>»  VR»VS:  VTH jfP
                                                                                                                      »OTDBOTTT»;  >T1 PIltTTTOH
                                                                                                                                                                  BBFBBEiCE
Kyo, J.E.
Zlegler. B.B.
Foson, s.J.
1978
Ianton, ..1.
1977
                                                                                             I iqhtfoote, J.
                                                                                             "lair, J.
                                                                                             Cohen, J.P.
                                                                                             H77
 Caprlo,  t:.J.
 Rarqulis,  ".I.
 Joseloi,  tl.l.
   -
                                                                                      (HEX*

-------
lead
7*19-92-1
Pb
atH JO7. 2, IP 321.*  -•  8P  n«0 C,  vp 1.77 >• Hg at  10no  C,  1 • • Hg at fit  c,  10  •• Hq *t 11*,i C
   rt sios
  Blood.
  •hole
  77«
  Blood.
  •hot*
  780
  Blood,
  •hole
itT.posD»s ROOTS

















































MUITTICM.
BBTHOO


























US






















MOHBEB
T C»S8S
31






a) 10
bl 20
c) 1"
dl 45















a) 22
bl «8
c) 72
d| 32
e) 70
f) 240
gl 260
h| 140















PMO:
0.05-1.6- u»ol/l






a) Hot given
b) Hot given
c) Hot given
d) Hot given















a) lot given
b) lot given
c) lot given
d) Hot given
e) lot given
f) lot given
g) lot given
h) lot given
















	
J.*5 aaol/1






a) 58.8 uig/dl
c| 45.9 'ig/dl
1) 21. 1 uq/dl















	 	
a) 24.0 ag/100 al
bl 33.8 ag/100 el
c) 45.8 ag/100 el
d| 49.9 ag/100 el
e) 52.7 ag/100 el
f) 64.0 ag/100 el
g| 77.7 ag/100 el
hi 55.6 ag/100 si















GEItm IH»0»1»TIO"
Residents near a Tine aine.

Resident* of Shlphae, Soaerest, »hprp
CJ »«i high.. 1* feeales, aged 2f> to
13 vr. 17 sales, agel 15 to 7"1 yr.
Bioon; UHITCD'KIIGDOH; iFT»t
POISOHI*-;; FOOD COITMTHItTTOH
a) Pb encephalopathy
t<) tong-ters Pb exposure
c| Short-ten pb *xposare
d) Ho Pb exposure
Oata froa psychologic and neurologic
ffxasinatloas also available.
Children with lead encephalofathy had
vorse scores In all categories.
ThUdrnn, « to • yr, 45 vitb high
lead levels and 45 controls that vere
uatched for sex, race, and age.
Controls attended neighborhood health
clinics In Providence, Bhode Island
Sysptoss of lead encepaalopathy
include Irritability, droesiness.
convulsions.
IB>D: t«D PQXSOHTIG; XETILS;
ClItDBEl; BtOOO; BIOKCCOBOLITIOH;
RHODF ISLUHO
•| Feeale clerical vorkera, ted blood
cell (BBC) delta-asinoilevulinic acid
dehydrase (tLtDl activity -22.1
silliunits/el BBC
b| Hale clerical workers and traffic
policesen, aLID activity "17.3
sillinnlts/il BBC
c) Dotorvay toligate attendants, IkLtD
activity • 11.5 ailliunits/al BBC
d) Chronlcaleoholics, ILaD activity -
4.58 aillinnlts/si BBC
e) Recent occupational exposure, »HD
activity =8.7 sillionits/sl BBC
f| Sabclinical intoxication cases.
aUD activity « 1.6 allliunlts/al BBC
h) Previous intoxication, kLID
activity >3.3 ailliunlts/al BBC.
Other data available.
174 subjects in Hi Ian. aged 25-45 yr.
and 710 occnpat lonelly exposed
•orkers.
LBaD; IBTaLS; BLOOt; t8»D POBOBTIG;
OCCnPHIOIat BtlaBDS; TTaLT; EHITHES
PSFFSr^rr
>-«rruthprs. *.
Salth, -.
1979




Pneao, J. H.
roith, O.K.
PUIIO, N.J.
Broun, J. F.
1070














Secchl, G.:.
klessio, L.
1974




















                                                                                        (IBXT PiGB)

-------
Lead
7*39-92-1
M>
its 207.2, HP 327.4 C. BP 17*0 C, vp 1.77 » Rg at 1900 C. 1 •• Hg at 970 C.  10 mm  Hg  at  1160 C
                                                                                      (CORTIROEDI
TTSSOE

781
Blood,
vhole















782
Blood,
whole






















whole




TQ»
Blood,
whole












SieOSOBE ROOTS





























































ARftLTTICU.
1ETROD
MS












































US














ROBBER
OF CISES
al 125
fa) »5















al 16
b| 6
cl 6
d| 3
el 5
fl Al

















5






al 5H
n| S
cl 9
11 8
e| V










BARGE

a) 16.6-51.8 ag/100 g
b) 13.2-1«.7 ag/100 g















a| *3t given
b) Rot given
cl Rot given
d) Rot given
e) Rot given
f| R-a» ag/100 al

















0. 012-0. OI1: ng/100 q






al lot given
b) lot gfven
c) Rot given
dl Not given
e) Hot -jive*










8EIR

a| 32.1 ag/100 g
b) 13.9 ag/100 g















a| 11 ag/100 Bl
b| 62 ag/103 al
cl 72 ag/100 si
1) 36 ag/100 al
e| 36 ag/100 il


















0.01-1 .13/1 30 1






al 26.3? 10/100 al
b| ai.of an/100 il
c) 27. P° ug/100 al
1) 21.'* Mq/100 »1
B| 2?. 1? UJ/100 il










GERERaL IIF01HUIOR

a) Exposed to low Pb. Range is of
aaaas for various departments.
delta-lalnolevnlinic acid dehydrase
range: 37.3-95.1 nnits/sl red blood
cells, aean, 6*. 8 anlta/al BBC
b) Controls in sase plant, range of
aean* for 3 departsents. 1LU range:
101.1-111.0 units/BBC, aean, 108.2
a nits/BBC
all, heaoglobin, hesatocrit, RBC, and
subjective syaptoas also available.
Ro statistical variation.
workers in a rubber hose and
antouobile tire factory, ".can age
30.5 yr. control*, 27. a yr. Hean
exposure for 5.0 yr.
LS\D; nitiLS; LEAD POISOHIV.G; BLOOD;
OCCUPHIOim HKtaRDS: Bltt-lSS; JkPtN
a| Foresen, furnace workers, truck
unloaders at a Pb saelter, aean free
erythrocyte protoporphyrin
concentration {FB?)-»23 ug/100 al
b) maintenance workers and those with
several jobs, aean P5P-262 ag/100 al
c) workers involved with forklift
operation and battery wrecking, aean
•E9-3«6 ag/100 al
d) Casters, aean PSP-H68 ag/100 Bl
e| Office or lab worker*, aean FBP>96
ag/100 al
f) Kanwhold contacts of the
euployees, PEP range- 10-°Q ug/100*l.
Pb naelter near St. Baul, Hinnesota.
led inn igea: plant workers, 32 vr.
lab workers, 56 yr.
•atigue, cough, diarrhea.
irritability, anorexia, hand treaors
- BTBnt3BS of Pb poisoning.
IBkD; •2TtLS: L!1D POTSORII'i; "ilSW;
PROTOP01PRTRIRS; OCCOPHTIOHl.
H4HBOS; SIRRBSOT\
"altlple sclerosis patients

 nOISOHI1G; 3?HAVTri !)ISOPOSPS
REFEREPCE

Sakurai, B.
Sagita, a.
Tsuchiya, K.
197B














vinegar, D.I.
Levy, B.S.
Indrevs, J.s.
Landrigan, p.J.
Scruton, ».H.
Kraase, r.J.
1*^7
















Vestersan, 1. f.
BrnetBan, 1.
Pfitzer, E.
iota



navid, i.j.
197a













                                                                                                                                                                                              8!

-------
leal
7,,0.02-1


>» 191 2  If 32''.* ^.  *P  17«0 C.  It 1.7? •• HP «t  1000 C.  1 •• 89 at 970  C.  IS  I* Rq «t 1161 ?
"     ' '                                                                              (f>»TI10BO|
TISSUE

7«5

ehole








16*5
Blood.
whole





1»33
Blood.
whole








19«1
Blood,
whole













1955
BlOOd,
•hole













1T.POS0*' FOOTS































Ingestion















Deraal















I«»lTTIC»t
srrioo











us







us










us















us















•DIP!!
or cisss
30










ai 10
bl (,






al 60
b) 30
cl 30








1309














.
a) 69
b| 35














PlkXG',

31-->5 ag/100 al










a) Hot given
bl lot given






al 10-60 ag/dl
hi 12-3 B ag/dl
c| 12-ao ag/dl








a) lot given
b) lot given
el Hot given
4) lot given
e| Hot given
t| lot given










a) lot given
b| lot given













(HIT
— -.-.

a1*. 5 ag/100 si










a) 0. 12 ag/l
b| 0.11 ag/l





	
•1 30 ag/dl
b| 20. B ag/dl
c| 20.9 ag/dl








«| 31.7 ag/100 el
b| 31.1 ag/100 el
cl 30.7 ag/100 el
d) 34.0 ag/100 al
e| 31.5 ag/100 al
f| 31.3 ag/100 el










a| 61.3 ag/100 Bl
b| 22.0 ag/100 el













P1QE1
33IV.II1L TirORIUTIO*

Children evaluated Cor Pb absorption

Staples Croa 30 children, aged 1-5
vr, at Children's Rosptial oC
Philadelphia.
Correlation between free
erythroporphvrin levels and age
corrected tooth Pb.
IE»DJ BLOOD: TEETH; »*W«STLV«1IT»:
H8TU.S; (lEASOIEHEIT H'.THODS;
raiUSE': POTOLITIOV MPOS0R5
.
a) »te food contaainated with
tethylaareary
b| controls

Resident* of Sweden.

*E1M.S; 1BHCOBT; Ltin; SICDEI; UOOO;
"
a) Dentally retarded
children-etiology anknown
b| Controls, noraal children
c| Controls, aentally retarded
children - etiology known

Children Croa Ithens, Greece area.
IBID; BIT1LS; HSHT1L IBTI1D4TIOI;
l«»0 POXSOIXIG; BLOOD; EBTTBBOCtTES;
C9XLDIBH: GBBBCe; COHPallTIYB
BflLUlTIOWS
a| Lodge Expressway area, aales
b) 'iratiot ivenae area, sales
cl Grand liver Ivenae area, sales
d) Lodge Kipresaway area, Cesales
e| Gratiot Ivenae area, feaales
ft Grand liver Ivenae area, feaalea
Ireas are at increasing distances
froa 3 aajor roadways in Detroit.
Higher levels correlated with poor
boosing and yoanger age. Ho
correlation between lead levels and
distance froa highway.
aostly 2-5 yr olds
Paint, plaster
BBT1LS; LEIDj 1GB; CBXLDP.BH; SEX;
BLOOD; HXCBI01I
a) lorkers at Pb aaelter, eaplored at
least 1 yr
b) Controls
Cd levels within norsal Helta.

Baployees fcoa secondary Pb saelter
and controls froa nearby 11
processing plant in Southern
California.

IBT1LS; 1BSBIXC; LE1D; BLOOD; BLOOD
PllSHl; H1XB; COBP1I1TXTE
EflLOlTXOIS; BBIBTIG; HEOBOLOGXC
HMIPESTtTIOIS; OCCDP1TXOI1L H1UBDS;
tIDDSTIIES; SHBLTBBS; C1LXPOIIX1

E!r«!5rpc!:

Shapiro. I.I.
Parke, >.
Sitchell, s.
Vlxt, ».
1978






Skerfving. s.
Raasson. K.
Hangs. C.
Lindsten, J.
Ryian. I.
197«


Toaronkos, S.
Lyberatoa, C.
Philippidoo, I.
Gardikas, C.
Tsoai, 1.
1978.





Ter Raar. G.
Caadzlnakl, L.
1979













Baloh, I.I.
Spivey, G.B.
Brown. C. P.
Horgaa, D.
Caspion, D. S.
Browdy. B.L.
falentine, J.t.
Gonick, B.C.
Hassey, r.J.
Culver. B.D.
1979





                                                                                                                                                                                                    8

-------
iwd
7*39-92-1
n
1« 207.2, IP 327.4 C, BP 17»0 C, TP 1.77 » 89 it 1000 C. 1 •• 89 at 970 C, 10 aa 89 at  1160 C
                                                                                     (COITIIORO)
TISSOB

2286
mood.
•hole
2*71
Blood,
whole
2520
Hood,
whale

2S3»
91ood.
whole
EIPOSOBE SO DTE
.







Deraal
Inhalation
1HLTTXC1L
RETROD
JUS

us
*
.
MS




BOUSES
OF C4SBS
al «0
b| 75

2
...
al 11
b| 13
cl 1*
d| 13
11 69
bl 75
	 	
UIGC

a) 19.5-81 09/100 al
b) 19.5-71 09/100 al

a) 39-61 ug/ai
b) 27-50 ug/dl
	 _ 	 _ _
al lot given
b| Sot given
c) lot given
1) Hot given
a) Slightly <6')-slii>htly
>
-------
leal
7*39-92-1
?b
U« 207.2, ««• 127.» C,  W  1700 C.  TP 1.71 aa tig at  1000 C, 1 •• Hg at 170  C,  10  •• «g at 116J '
                                                                                        (C01TIIU5D)
TTSSflB

2POO
Blood,
•hole
















289 B
Blool.
•hole










2952
BlOOd,
(hole




2900
Blood,
•hole




	
2991
Blood,
•hole


MPOSOSE ROOT*

ingestion


















Ingestlon
















, -













aBAimcfti
SETHOO
us




































us







us




BOMBER
Df CISSS
	
'31


















1

















115







00




BIRR:

a) Hot given
**) Rot given
c) Rot given
d) Rot given















os-136 ag/dl (0.6-6.6
anol/1)

















19-81 ag/100 el







5.6-27.* ag/100 el




	 __-- 	

M 21.8 • ->c - 1.0
ag/dl
b) 22.0 » ir - l.o
4g/dl
c) 19. D » ic - 1.:
uj/dl
d| 21.5 • or - l.o
ag/dl
Tsoietric leins » or
- SOD









115.5 ag/dl (S.f
iaol/al)

















39.37 ag/100 •!







Not given




R'.IERIL TRP3SIUTI01I

i) 132 sablects froa urban coeaercial
area (arar battery plant)
b) 5^0 sibjects fros urban
residential area
c) 110 subjects froa sabarban area
d) 111 snbjects
Blood levels correlated vlth air.
soil and hoasedast concentrations
Statistical analysis don*.

Children. 1-9 rr old. froa three
general areas in Osaha, 1971-1077.
Orhan subjects sostly black, sabarban
subjects vhite.
Envlroneent
NET4LS: LE»D; BTO«CC010HTIO»;
IDOIKSCERTS; CfllLDPEB; BIOOD;
COSPa'lTIVB MALIUTI01S; ATSOSPSESE;
ORBi< »*»«S; IBBBISM
Sonrce of Pb lorgan's perfaeed ponade
containing "Planb. acet. 3%"
o-rr-old, »ith vest Indian parents.
in habit of patting her fingers into
cossetics and licking then.
Ervthrocyte protoporphyrln levels
averaged S10 ag/dl.
Hair dye
BETU.S; LEHD-, BBTal POISOIIBG; LEtD
POISOBTBO; PBOTOPOBPBTRIBS; BLOOD;
EBTTBBOCTTBS: CBXLOBBI; OSITIO
RIRSDOB
aevlev

BBTIEf; RRaLS; LEU; REaLTR B1URDS;
CBIIOB1R; IDOWS; BE»L TOIICITT;
RBT1BOLITBS; BLOOD PLaSBl; BLOOD
SEBOB; BORES: OBIRE; IOTOROTITB;
1BTT8BOCTTES; BLOOD; HAIB; RAILS;
Prospective stndy, Pb significantly
related to blood protoporphyrln.

Children, ages <1-7 yc, fron old
hoasing areas of Charleston, SC.
IB»0; BLOOD: CBILOBBR; BEKSOREBBBT
BBTBODS; PROTOPOBPHTRIBS; SOOTfl
C1ROLIBA; BETHLS
Bigh school stadents ages 1*-18 yr

LEAD; BETALS; BLOOD; BLOOD PIASBA;
BBYTBBOCTTES: COBPaRATITE
EfALBATIOBS; ADOL8SCBBTS
I BEFEBE?CS

tngle. r. B.
fcTntire. a.S.
107Q
















Waldron, B.I.
1979










Posner, B.S.
1977





chlsols, J.J. , Jr.
Bellits. E.D.
Keil, J.E.
Barrett, B.B.
197*



Angle, C.B.
Bclntire, a.S.
197*


                                                                                        (REIT P»SE)

-------
lead
7«3<»-92-1

»t» 207.2,  IIP  327.9 C.  SP IT HO C, TP  1.77  ••  Bg at 1000 C. 1 II Bg  at  970 C, 10 II Bg at 1160 C
                                                                                        (GOBTXIOSD)
I tXSSDV
•
[ 815










616













817
Kidnev









2199
tidnov










EXPO50BB HOOtE





.




















Ingest ion





















ASAIYTICAI.
BETROD
1PDC-BTBK
its









MS













AAS









x-ray
Spectroaetry










BOBBBR
or CASES
21










2*























ll «
hi 7










B1BGE

0.40-3.8 aq/q, vet vt










0.16-1.: ug/q wet wt













a) Hot given
b) lot given









a) Hot given
M «ot j'.fon










1M«

1.** ug/9 w«t wt










0. 47 09/9 net wt




.








») 0. Ill a<)/3
b) 0. 36" ili/T









i) '. 56 pp» Irv »t
h) 7. Sc nr" Irv v










SBBBRIL IBTOBBITXOI

The association between age and Pb
content of organs is shown.

liter, kidney, long and pancreas
aaaples fros Baltieon city residents
over 17 years of age who had died
suddenly and who had no disease
condition at tiee of death.
LIVE*; KtniEIS; PABCBEAS; LOtGS;
C18DIOVASCOIA9 DISEASES; BBTU.S;
HIBTLlBD
Saaples froe 30 cadavers in central
Japan, aean age of 3° years, extent
of heavy setal exposure unknown.

PETALS; IBSBBXC; B8BTILIO*; BISBOIB;
CADNtOfl) rHBOBIOB; COBklT; CCPPBB;
BBaCBRT; HBTHIt BtBCVBT COBPOOBDS;
1A1SABBSB; ROITBDBBON; WICIEl; L!HD:
AiTIBOlI; TAIADIOB; IIKC; BRU»;
TBACR8A: IDBGS; BBaBT; LITBB;
P<«CSBtSi SPLEBB; KXDIBTS; AO?BB>L
TIAIDS; ZBtrSTIBBSi T'STBS; CT\BIBSs
IDSCLES; SKTR; BLOOD; BOBES; ADIPOSE
TtSSOf; CAOaTBBS; JAPAH
at Sales
b| resiles
liolagical half-tises (9HT) obtained
hy obsorvation of accumulation froa
0-11 years and calculation by a
•athoaatlcal eodel.
tvtopsv saaples froa Tokyo nccilont
with no known occupational nxposure.
1.9 veics
lOT^osiHS; t)Io»rca!HII,
-------
LMl
7«33-9I-1
Ph
»« 20'.2. IP 321.1 "., 'P I'M C. VP  I." 1»  Bq  Jt  1000 C.  1 •• Hy at "O C, 10 •• Hq /it  11KH  :
TISSI*

2«6"»

3093
Kidney

EtPOSO"^ SOOT»
.




UILYTICIL
RETHOO
nit hi zone

8S

R03BE9
OF CiSSS
. 	 	
I1.

	 _
a) 119
b) 52
cl 66
HMG»

a) lot given

a) dot given
b) lot given
c) Bot given
"'XS

*») 0. ^9 pp« wot t*t

a) 5.76 pp«
b) a. 02 ppa
cl 5. 97 ppi
                                                                                                                                       TIPOR!I»TIO|I
                                                                                                                      a)  Tortev
                                                                                                                      b)  leduU!, 4« of 45
                                                                                                                      levels decreased with increasing  >qr.
                                                                                                                      ?eopie «ltS nephioacierotic  disease
                                                                                                                      hud levvlit of 0.^6 pp«, coipared  to
                                                                                                                      0.91 pp» for others.

                                                                                                                      3«»ole3 fro« aatopsles trot  the
                                                                                                                      Cincinnati area (1969-1»71)  of «e
                                                                                                                      white ules. aged 20-B* jr.   19
                                                                                                                      trauatic deaths, 6 deaths doe to
                                                                                                                      drugs or carbon aonoiide, 21  deaths
                                                                                                                      due to ledical caases.

                                                                                                                      LEkD; DBTtLS; BOIES; HDTPOS!  TISSOK;
                                                                                                                           ; 80SCLES; IITESTtlES;
                                                                                                                            BUDDBB; STOBiCH;
                                                                                                                      TISTES; THTROID GLKDS; 9KOSUTE;
                                                                                                                      BtOOD; tOPEHHL ILUDS; LOURS; SPISEI;
                                                                                                                      PHCB84S; KIDHETS; ItTBP; lOSTi;
                                                                                                                      lOTOPStES; OHIO! BIOkCCOnOLKTTOI
                                                                                                                      a)  lo renal disease
                                                                                                                      b)  >cate renal failures
                                                                                                                      c)  chronic renal failures
                                                                                                                      a)  and b)  different (P<0.02), b) and
                                                                                                                      c)  different (P<0.05)
                                                                                                                      Talnes are dry «t basic.

                                                                                                                      tatopsles at DCLI Hospital.

                                                                                                                      TB*CB nS^BITS; HETJLS; lOTOFSIES;
                                                                                                                      ClLirOBIIH; (TDIETS: LTTEB; SPIEEI;
                                                                                                                      OISE1SSS;  HI?EBT8ISIOJ; SOOIOB;
                                                                                                                      ?9TISSIOH; C»LCIO!1; PBOSPHOSOS;
                                                                                                                      aaGllBSIOH; CtDRIOR; II 1C; COPPEH:
                                                                                                                      mo; IROI; RH01IBSS; \LOBIIOS;
                                                                                                                      SILICOl; TTTMTOS;  CT1BH.T; KICKEL;
                                                                                                                      KOLTBDEIOH; Til; CHBOHtOH; SIBOfTIOH;
                                                                                                                      3JRIOB;  LITBIOR; SILTEB;
                                                                                                                      BOROR
Gross, s.P.
pfltier, t.\
Teag«r, P.".
Kehoe, °.«.
19T5
Tndraprasit, S.
tlezander, G. V.
Gonick, B.C.
19T»

-------
                                                 61

                                      REFERENCES  FOR DATA TABLE
Adansson, E.;  Piscator,  H.;  Hogawa, K.
   1979
   Pulmonary and Gastrointestinal Exposure to Cadmium Oxide Dust in a Battery Factory
   Environmental Health Perspectives 28:219-222


Adebonojo, P.O.
   1974
   Hematologic Status of Urban Black Children in Philadelphia
   Clinical Pediatrics 13(10):874-888


Adebonojo, P.O.; Strahs, S.
   1974
   Reducing the Lead Burden  of Ghetto Children:  An Effect of Day Care Services
   Clinical Pediatrics 13 (4):310-314


Anania, T.L.;  Lucas, J.B.;  Seta, J.A.
   1974
   Lead Exposure at an Indoor Piring Range
   Performing Organization Rept. Ho. HIOSH-TH-207-74, HEW Publication Ho.  (HIOSH) 74-100, 30 pp.


Angle, C.A.; Rclntire, M.S.; Colucci, A.V.
   1974
   Lead in Air, Dustfall. Soil, Housednst, HiIk and Rater: Correlation with Blood Lead of Orban and
   Suburban School Children
   Trace Substances in Environmental Health - VIII, D.D. Hemphill  (Ed.), Proceedings of a
   Conference, Columbia, HO, June 11-13, 1974, pp. 23-29


Angle, C.R.; Hclntire, M.S.
   1979
   Environmental Lead and Children:  The Omaha Study
   Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 5:855-870


   1974
   Red Cell Lead, Whole Blood Lead, and Red Cell Enzymes
   Environmental Health Perspectives 7:133-137


Anon
   1978
   Little By Little, Lead Hurts
   This Week


Araki, S.
   1978
   The Effects of Water Restriction and Water Loading on Orinary Excretion of Lead,
   Delta-Aminolevnlinic Acid and Coproporphyrin
   British Journal of Industrial Medicine 35:312-317


Baglan, R.J.;  Brul, A.B. ; Schulert, A.; Wilson, D.; Larsen, K.; Dyer, H.; Hansour,  H. ; Schaffnec,
W.; Hoffman, L.; Davies, J.
   1974
   Utility of  Placental Tissue as an Indicator of Trace Element Exposure to Adult and Fetus
   Environmental Research 8:64-70


Baker, E.L.; Peterson, R.A.; Holtz, J.L.; Coleman, C.; Landrigan, P.J.
   1979
   Subacnte Cadmium Intoxication in Jewelry Workers:  An Evaluation of Diagnostic Procedures
   Archives of Environmental Health 34(3):173-177


Baker, E.L., Jr.; Folland,  D.S.; Taylor, T.A.; Frank, H.; Peterson, W.; Lovejoy, G.; Cox, D.;
Housvorth, J.; Landrigan, P.J.
   1977
   Lead Poisoning in Children of Lead Workers:  Home Contamination with Industrial  Dust
   Hen England Journal of Medicine 296(5):260-261


Baker, E.L., Jr.; Hayes, C.G.; Landrigan, P.J.; Hanike, J.L.; Leger, R.T.; Honseworth, W.J.;
Harrington, J.H.
   1977
   A Nationwide survey of Heavy Hetal Absorption in Children Living Hear Primary Copper, Lead  and
   Zinc Smelters
   American Journal of Epidemiology 106(4):261-273

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                                                 62
Baloh, S.H.
   1974
   Laboratory Diagnosis of Increased Lead Absorption
   Archives of Environmental Health 28:198-208


Baloh, R.H.; spivey, G.H.; Brown, C.P.; Morgan, D. ;* Campion, D.S.; Browdy, B.L.; Valentine, J.L.;
Gonick, B.C.; Kassey, F. J. ;  Culver, B.D.
   1979
   Sabclinical Effects of chronic Increased Lead Absorption-A Prospective Study. . II. Results of
   Baseline Neurologic Testing
   Journal of Occupational Medicine 21 (7) :490-496


Boeckx, E.L.; Postl, B.;  Coodin, F.J.
   1977
   Gasoline Sniffing and  Tetraethyl Lead Poisoning in Children
   Pediatrics 60 (2) : 1 HO- 1U5


Bogden, J.D.; Singh, N.P.; Joselow, M.M.  V
   197H
   Cadmium, Lead and Zinc Concentrations in Whole Blood Samples of Children
   Environmental Science  and Technology 8 (8):740-742


Bogden, J.D.; Thind, I.S.; Louria, D.B.; Caterini, H.
   1978
   Maternal and Cord Blood Metal Concentrations and Low, Birth Weight - A  Case-Control Study
   American Journal of Clinical Nutrition  31:1181-1187


Bortaan, S.
   1980
   Monitoring Cadmium  Exposure
   Environmental Science  and Technology  14(1) : 23


Brearley, R.L. ; Forsythe, A.M.
   1978
   Lead Poisoning from Aphrodisiacs:   Potential Hazard in Immigrants.
   British  Medical Journal 2(6154) :1748-1749


Browder,  A.; Joselow,  M.M.; Louria, D.B.;  Lavenhar, M.; Foster, J.
   1974
   Evaluation of Screening Programs for  Childhood Lead Poisoning  by  Analysis  of  Hospital  Admissions
   American Journal of Public Health 64 (9) : 91 4-9 15.


Buchet, J.P.; Eoels, H.;   Hubermont, G.;  Lauwerys, R.
   1978
   Placental Transfer  of  Lead,  Mercury,  Cadmium,  and Carbon  Monoxide in Homen II.   Influence  of
   Some Epidemiological Factors on the Frequency  Distributions of the  Biological Indices  in
   Maternal  and Umbilical Cord  Blood
   Environmental Research 15:494-503


Buchthal, F.; Behse, F.
   1979
   Electrophysiology and  Nerve  Biopsy  in  Men  Exposed to Lead
   British  Journal  of  Industrial  Medicine  36:135-147'


Burgess,  W.A.; Diberardinis, L.;  Speizer,  F.E.
   1977
   Health Effects of Exposure to  Automobile  Exhaust -  V.  Exposure  of  Toll  Booth Operators to
   Automobile Exhaust                         ('
   American  Industrial Hygiene  Association Journal  38:184-191


Canberk,  A.;  Sehirli,  I.; Canberk,  Y. ; Koyuncuoglu, H.
   1978
   Orine  Delta-Aminolevulinic  Acid  and Erthropoietic Activity  in  Human Lead Intoxication
   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 44:257-261

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                                                 63
Caprio,  R. J. ;  Margulis, H.L.; JoseloH, B.H.
   197
-------
                                                 64
David, 0.; Hoffman, S.; McGann, B.; Sverd, J.; Clack, J.
   1976
   Low Lead Levels and Rental Retardation
   Lancet 2(7981):1376-1379


David, O.J.
   1974
   Association Between Lower Level Lead Concentrations and Hyperactivity in Children
   Environmental Health Perspectives 7:17-25


De Castro, F.J.; Lazzara, J.; Rolfe, O.T.; Bngeler, B.
   1975
   Increased Lead Burden and the Energy Crisis
   Pediatrics 55(4}:573


Dolcourt, J.L. ;  Hamrick, H.J.; O'Tnama, L.A.; Wooten, J.; Baker, E.L.
   1978
   Increased Lead Burden in Children of Battery Workers:  Asymptomatic Exposure Besulting from
   Contaminated  Work Clothing
   Pediatrics 62:563-566


Eisinger, J.; Blumberg, W.E.; Fischbein, A.; Lilis, B.; Selikoff, I.J.
   1978
   Zinc Protoporphyrin in Blood as a Biological Indicator of Chronic Lead Intoxication
   Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology  1:897-910


Elinder, C-G.; Kjellstrom, T.
   1977
   Cadmium Concentrationin Samples of Human Kidney Cortex fromt he 19th Century
   Ambio 6 (5):270-272


Elinder, C-G.; Kjellstrom, T.; Lind, B.; Holander, H.-L.; Silander, T.
   1978
   Cadmium Concentrations in Human Liver, Blood, and  Bile:  Comparison with a Betabolic Hodel
   Environmental Research 17:236-241


Elinder, C-G.; Piscator, H.; Linnman, L.
   1977
   Cadmium and Zinc Relationships in Kidney Cortex, Liver, and Pancreas
   Environmental Research 13:432-1(10


Elwood, H.J.;  Clayton, B.E.; Cox,  R.A.; Delves, H.T.; King, E.; Malcolm, D.; Ratcliffe, J.a.;
Taylor, J.?.
   1977
   Lead in Human Blood and in the  Environment near a  Battery Factory
   British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine  31:154-163


Epstein, P.
   1974
   Lead in the Air
   New England Journal of Medicine 290:285-286


Fahim, U.S.;  Fahim,  Z.;  Hall,  D.G.
   1976
   Effects of Sobtoxic Lead Levels on Pregnant Women  in the State of Missouri
   Research Communications in  Chemical Pathology and  Pharmacology 13(2):309-331


Falchuk, K.H.;  Evenson,  H.;  Vallee,  B.L.
   1974
   A  Multichannel Atomic Absorption Instrument:   Simultaneous Analysis of Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium
   in Biologic Materials
   Analytical Biochemistry 62:255-267


Fischbein, A.; Alvares,  A.P.;  Anderson,  K.E.;  Sassa,  S.; Kappas,  A.
   1977
   Lead Intoxication among Demolition Workers:   The Effect of Lead on the Hepatic Cytochrome P-450
   System in Humans
   Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 3:431-437

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                                                 65
Fischbein, A.;  Lilis, R.
   1977
   Bystanders at Bisk of Lead absorption
   Lancet 1(8013):704


Fischbein, A.;  Bice, C.; Sarkozi, L.;  Ron, S.H.;  Pectcocci, ».; Selikoff, I.J.
   1979
   Exposure to Lead in Firing Ranges
   Journal of the American Hedical Association 241 (11):1141-1144


Flindt, H.l.H.; King, E.; Walsh, D.B.
   1976
   Blood Lead and Ecythcocyte delta-Aminolevulinic Acid  Dehydratase Levels in Hanchester Taxi
   Drivers
   British Journal of Industrial Medicine 33:79-84


Forni, A.; Canbiaghi, 6.; Secchi, G.C.
   1976
   Initial Occupational Exposure to Lead
   Archives of Environmental Health 31(5):73-78


Grandjean, P.
   1979
   Occupational Lead Exposure in Denmark:  Screening with the Haematofluorometer
   British Journal of Industrial Hedicine 36:52-58


   1978
   widening Perspectives of Lead Toxicity
   Environmental Besearch 17:303-321


Grandjean, P.; irnvig, E.; Beckmann, J.
   1978
   Psychological Dysfunctions in Lead-Exposed Workers.  Relation to Biological Parameters of
   Exposure
   Scandinavian Journal of the Working Environnent and Health 4:295-303


Gross, S.B.; Pfitzer, E.A.; Teager, D.0.; Kehoe,  R.A.
   1975
   Lead in Human Tissues
   Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 32:638-651

                                                                                          v

Gross, S.B.; Teager, D.R.; Hiddendorf, H.S.
   1976
   Cadmium in Liver, Kidney, and Hair of Humans,  Fetal through Old Age
   Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 2:153-167


Habercam, J.8.; Keil, J.B.; Beigart, J.E.; Croft, H.W.
   1974
   Lead Content of Human Blood, Hair, and Deciduous Teeth:  Correlation with Environmental  Factors
   and Growth
   Journal of Dental Research 53(5):1160-1163  (part 2)


Haenninen, H.; Bernberg, S.; Hanterre, P.; Vesanto, P..;  Jalkanen, fl.
   1978
   Psychological Performance of Subjects with Low Exposure to Lead
   Journal of Occupational Hedicine 20(10):683-689


Becker, L.H.; Allen, H.E.; Dinman,  B.D.; Heel, J.V.
   1974
   Heavy  Hetal Levels in Acculturated and Unaccultnrated  Populations
   Archives of Environmental Health 29 (4):181-185


Howard, J. K.
   1978
   Interrelationships of Glutahtione Bednctase,  5-Atinolevulinic  Acid  Dehydratase,  and Free
   Sulfhydryl Groups in the Erythrocytes of Normal and Lead  Exposed Persons
   Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 4:51-57

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                                                 66
Indraprasit, S.; Alexander, G.V.; Gonick, B.C.
   1974
   Tissue Composition of Hajor and Trace Elements ia Uremia and Hypertension
   Journal of Chronic Diseases 27:135-161


Johnson, D.E.; Tillery, J.B.; Prevost, B.J.
   1975
   Trace Hetals in Occupationally and Nonoccupationally Exposed Individuals
   Environmental Health Perspectives 10(4):151-158


Johnson, D.B.; Tillery, J.6.; Prevot, R.J.
   1975
   Trace Hetals in Occupationally and Nonoccupationally Exposed Individuals
   Environmental Health Perspectives 10(4):151-158


Johnson, H.E,; Tenuta, K.
   1979
   Diets and  Lead Blood Levels of Children Who Practice Pica
   Environmental Research  18:369-376


Joselias, H.E.; Lupovich, P.; floriarty, B.
   1975
   Sampling Problems in the Micro Determination of Blood Lead
   Clinical Toxicology 8(1):53-58


Kalman, S.H.
   1977
   The Pathophysiology of Lead Poisoning:  A  Review and a Case Report
   Journal of Analytical Toxicology 1(6):277-281


Kjellstorm, T.; Rordberg, G.P.
   1978
   K Kinetic  Hodel of Cadmium Hetabolism in the Human Being
   Environmental Research  16:248-269


KJellstrom, T.
   1979
   Exposure and Accumulation of Cadmium in Populations fro* Japan, the United States, and Sweden
   Environmental Health Perspectives 28:169-197


KJellstrom, T.; Shirolshi,  K.; Ervin, P.E.
   1977
   Urinary B2-Hicroglobulin Excretion among People Exposed to Cadmium in the General Environment
   Environmental Research  13:318-344


Koval. H.E.;  Johnson, D.E.; Kraemer, D.F.; Pahren, H. B.
   1979
   normal Levels of Cadmium in Diet, Urine, Blood, and Tissues of Inhabitants of the United States
   Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 5:995-1014


Kuhnert, P.a.; Erhard, P.;  Knhnert, B.R.
   1977
   Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase in RBC's of Orban Mothers and Fetuses
   Environmental Research  14:73-80


Kyu, J.E.; Ziegler, E.E.;  Fomon, S.J.
   1978
   Haternal Lead Exposure and Blood Lead Concentration in Infancy
   Journal of Pediatrics 93 (3):476-478


Lancranjan, I.; Popescn, H.I.; Gavanescu, 0.; Klepssh, I.; Serbanescu, H.
   1975
   Reproductive Ability of  Workmen Occupationally Exposed to Lead
   Archives of Environmental Health 30:396-400

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                                                 67
Landrigan, P.J.; Baker, B.L., Jr.; Feldman, B.G.; Cox, D.H.; Eden, K.V.; Orenstein, 8.*.;  Bather,
J. A.;  lankel, A.J.; von Lindern, I.E.
   1976
   Increased Lead Absorption with Anemia and Slowed Nerve Conduction in Children Hear  a  Lead  Shelter
   Journal of Pediatrics 89 (6) :904-910


Landrigan, P.J.; Baloh, R.W.; Barthel, W.F.; Whitworth, R.H.; Staehling, H.V.; Rosenblum,  B.P.
   1975
   Neuropsychological Dysfunction in Children vith Chronic Low-Level Lead Absorption
   Lancet 1 (7909):708-712


Landrigan, P.J.; Gehlbach, S.H.; Rosenblnm, B.F.; Shoults, J.H.; Candelaria, R.H.;  Barthel, i.P.;
Liddle, J.A.; Smrek, A.L.; Staehling, B.S.; Sanders, J.P.
   1975
   Epidemic Lead Absorption Hear an Ore Smelter
   New England Journal of Medicine 292(3):123-129


Lansdown, R.G. ; Clayton, B.E.;  Graham, P.J.; Shepherd, J.; Delves, B.T.; Turner, W.C.
   1974
   Blood Lead Levels, Behaviour, and Intelligence.  A Population Study
   Lancet 1 (7907):538-541


Lanwerys, R.; Buchet, J.P.; Roels, H.; Hnbermont, G.
   1978
   Placental Transfer of Lead,  Mercury, Cadmium, and Carbon Honozide in Wonen I.  Comparison  of  the
   Frequency Distributions of the Biological Indices in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood
   Environmental Research 15:278-289


Lauwerys, R.; Roels, H.; Regniers, H.; Buchet, J.P.; Bernard, A.; Goret, A.
   1979
   Significance of Cadmium Concentration in Blood and in Orine in Workers Exposed to Cadmium
   Environmental Research 20:375-391


Lauwerys, R.R.; Buchet, J.P.; Roels, B.A.;  Brouwers, J.; Stanescu, D.
   1974
   Epidemiological Survey of Workers Exposed to Cadmium-Effect on Lung, Kidney and  Several
   Biological Indices
   Archives of Environmental Health 28:145-148


Lauwerys, R.R.; Roels, H.A.; Bnchet, J.P.;  Bernard, A.; Stanescu, D.
   1979
   Investigations on the Lung and Kidney Function in Workers Exposed to Cadmium          -
   Environmental Health Perspectives 28:137-145


Lepow, H.L.; Bruckman, L.; Rubino, R.A.; larkowitz, S.; Gillette, H.;  Kapish, J.
   1974
   Role of Airborne Lead in Increased Body Burden of Lead in Hartford  Children
   Environmental Health Perspectives 7:99-102


Lerner, S.
   1975
   Blood Lead Analysis - Precision and Stability
   Journal of Occupational Hedicine 17(3):153-154


Lerner, S.; Hong, C.D.; Bozian, R.C.
   1979
   Cadmium Nephropathy-A Clinical Evaluation
   Journal of Occupational Hedicine 21 (6):409-412


Levine, R.J.; Hoore, R.H., Jr.; HcLaren, G.D.;  Barthel, W.F.; Landrigan, P.J.
   1976
   Occupational Lead Poisoning, Animal Deaths,  and Environmental Contanination at a Scrap  Snelter
   American Journal of Public Health 66(6):548-552


Light£00te, J.; Blair, J.; Cohen, J.R.
   1977
   Lead Intoxication in an Adult Caused by Chinese Herbal dedication
   Journal of the American Medical Association  238(14):1539

-------
Lilis, a.; Bisinger, J.; Blumberg, W.; Fischbein, A.; Selikoff, I.J.
   1978
   Hemoglobin, Serum Icon, and Zinc Protpporphyrin in Lead-Exposed Workers
   Environmental Health  Perspectives 25:97-102


Lilis, R-; Fischbein, i.; Diamond, S.; Anderson, H.A. ; Selikoff, I.J.; Blumberg, W.B.; Eislnger, J.
   1977
   Lead Effects among Secondary Lead Smelter Workers with Blood Lead Levels belov 60 ug/100 ml
   Archives of Environmental Health 32:256-266


Lilis, ft.; Fischbein, A.; Eisinger, J.; Blumberg, H.E.; Diamond, S.J.; Anderson, H. A.; ROB, W.;
Rice, C.; Sarkozi, L.;  Ron, S.; Selikoff, I.J.
   1977
   Prevalence of Lead Disease  among Secondary Lead Smelter Workers and Biological Indicators of
   Lead Exposure
   Environmental Research 14:255-285


Lob, H.;  Desbaunes, P.
   1976
   Lead and Criminality
   British Journal of Industrial  Medicine 33:125-127


Hangelson, N.F.; Hill,  B.W. ; Nielson, K.K.; Eatough, D.J.; Christensen, J.J.; Izatt, R.B.;
Richards, D.O.
   1979
   Proton Induced Z-ray Emission  Analysis of Pima Indian  Autopsy Tissues
   Analytical Chemistry 51 (8):1187-1194


Nanton, u.I.
   1977
   Sources of Lead in Blood.   Identification by  Stable Isotopes
   Archives of Environmental Health 32(4):149-159


McCabe, E.B.
   1979
   Age and Sensitivity  to Lead Toxicity:  A Review
   Environmental Health Perspectives  29:29-33


NcCusker, J.
   1979
   Longitudinal Changes in  Blood  Lead Level in Children and Their Relationship  to Season,  Age, and
   Exposure to Paint or Plaster
   American Journal of  Public  Health  69:348-352


deerkin,  H.;  Clarke. R.;  Oliphant, R.
   1976
   Chronic Cadmium Poisoning
   Medical Journal of Australia 1(1):23-24


Hehkeri,  K.A.; Romanowski,  S.; Snallbone, B.
   1976
   Use of a Filter Disc Hicro-Sampling Atomic Absorption  Hethod for  Blood Lead  Level Screening
   American Industrial  Hygiene Association Journal  37:541-545


Hencel, S.J.; Thorp, R.H.
   1976
   A Study of Blood Lead  Levels in Residents of  the Sydney Area
   Medical Journal of Australia 1(3):423-426


lendes, P.
   1977
   Effects of Lead on Workers  Living  in Areas with  Highly Endemic Intestinal Helminthiasis
   Journal of Occupational  Medicine 19(7):498-499


Meredith, P.A.; Moore,  H.P. ; Campbell, B.C.; Thompson, G.B.; Goldberg, A.
    1978
   Delta-Aminolaevulinic  Acid  Metabolism in Normal  and Lead-Exposed  Humans
   Toxicology 9:1-9

-------
Miller, G.J.;  Hylie, H.J.; HcKeovn, 0.
   1976
   Cadmium Exposure and Renal Accumulation in an Jus trail an Urban Population
   Medical Journal of Australia 1(1/2):20-23


Hoore,  H.R.;  Heredith, P.ft.; Goldberg,  A.
   1977
   A Retrospective Analysis of Blood-Lead in Mentally Retarded Children
   Lancet 1 (8014) :717-719


Hoore,  P.J.;  Pridmore, S.A.; Gill, G.P.
   1976
   Total Blood Lead Levels in Petrol Tenders
   Medical Journal of Australia 1:438-440


Rooty,  J.;  Perrand, C.P., Jr.; Harris,  P.
   1975
   Relationship of Diet to Lead Poisoning in Children
   Pediatrics 55(5):636-639


Horse,  D.L.;  Hatson, W.H.; Housworth, J.; Witherell, L.E.; Landrigan, P.J.
   1979
   Exposure of Children to Lead in Drinking Water
   American Journal of Public Health 69(7):711-712


Hogava, K.; Ishizaki, A.; Puknshima, M.
   1975
   Studies on the Women with Acquired Panconi Syndrome Observed in the Ichi River Basin Pollute! by
   Cadmium.  Is This Itai-itai Disease?
   Environmental Research 10:280-307


Hordberg, G. P.
   1974
   Health Hazards of Environmenatl Cadmium Pollution
   Ambio 3 (2): 55-66


Oletu,  U.G.
   1976
   Kidney, Liver, Hair and Lungs as Indicators of Cadmium Absorption
   American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 37:617-620


Ostergaard, K.                                                                            ~~
   1977
   Cadmium and Hypertension
   Lancet 1 (8013):677-678


Ouw, H.K.;  Bisby, J.A.; Shandar, A.G.
   1976
   Lead Absorption in Children Residing Hear a Hew South Wales Lead Smelting Complex  (Australia)
   Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 15(1):49-54


Papaioannou,  R.; Sohler,  A.; Pfeiffer,  C.C.
   1978
   Reduction of Blood Lead Levels in Battery Workers by Zinc and Vitamin  C
   The  Journal of Orthomolecnlar Psychiatry 7(2):94-106


Perkins, K.C.; OsJci, P.A.
   1976
   Elevated Blood Lead in a 6-Honth-Old Breast-Fed Infant:  The Role of newsprint Logs
   Pediatrics 57(3):426-427


Perrin, J. M.; aerkens, H.J.
   1979
   Blood Lead Levels in a Rural Population:  Relative Elevations among aigrant Farmworker  Children
   Pediatrics 64:540-542

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                                                  70
Poklis, A.; Preimuth, B.C.
   1976
   Lead Distribution in Soft Tissues of Balti»ote Residents,  1973
   Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 15(3):311-315


PosDer, H. S.
   1977
   Indices of Potential Lead Hazard
   Environmental Health Perspectives 19:261-284


Pueschel, S.H.
   1974
   Neurological and Psychomotor Functions in Children with an Increased Lead Burden
   Environmental Health Perspectives 7:13-16


Rabinovitz, H. ; Retherill, G. ; Kopple, J.
   1976
   Delayed Appearance of Tracer Lead in Facial Hair
   Archives of Environmental Health 31:220-223


Patcliffe, J. H.
   1977
   Developmental aod Behavioral Functions in Young Children with Elevated Blood Lead Levels
   British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 31:258-264


Richtec,  E.D.; Taffe, T.;  Gruener, H.
   1979
   Air and Blood Lead Levels in a  Battery Factory
   Environmental Research  20:87-98


Roberts,  T.H.; Hutchinson, T.C.; Paciga, J.: Chattopadhyay, A.; Jervis, B.E.; Van Loon, J. ;
Parkinson, O.K.
   1974
   Lead Contamination around Secondary Shelters:  Estimation  of Dispersal and Accumulation by Humans
   Science  186:1120-1123


Roels, H.; Bernard,  A.; Buchet, J.P.; Soret, A.; Launerys, R.; Chettle, D.R.; Harvey, T.C.; Al
Haddad, I.
   1979
   Critical  Concentrations of  Cadmium in Renal Cortsz and Urine
   Lancet 1 (8109):221


Roels, H.; Bnchet, J.;  Lauwerys, R.; Hubermont, 6.; Bruaux, P.; Claeys-Thoreau, F.; Lafontaine, A.;
Overschelde,  J.V.
   1976
   Impact of  Air Pollution by  Lead on the Heme Biosynthetic Pathway in School-Age Children
   Archives of Environmental Health 31 (6) :310-316


Roels, H.A.;  Buchet, J.P.; Lauwerys, R.; Bruaux, P.; Claeys-Thoreau, F.; Lafontaine, A.; van
Overschelde, J.; Verduyn,  G.
   1978
   Lead and Cadmium  Absorption among Children Near a Nonferrous Hetal Plant:  A Follow-up Study of
   a Test Case
   Environmental Research  15:290-308


Rogan, W.J.; Hogan,  H.D.;  Chi, P.T.; Cowan, D.
   1978
   Blood  Pressure and Lead Levels in Children
   Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology 2:517-519


Rosen, J.F.; Trinidad,  E.E.
   1974
   Significance of Plasma  Lead Levels in Normal and Lead-Intoxicated Children
   Environmental Health Perspectives 7:139-144


Rummo, J.H.;  South,  O.K.;  Rummo, If. J.; Brown, J.F.
   1979
   Behavioral and neurological Effects of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Lead  Exposure in Children
   Archives  of Environmental Health 34(2):120-124

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                                                 71
Sachs, H.K.
   1974
   Effect of a Screening Program on Changing Patterns of lead Poisoning
   Environmental Health Perspectives 7:11-45


Sachs, H.K.; Krall. V.; HcCaughran, D.A.; Bosenfeld, I.E.; Toungsmith, H.; Growe, 6.;  Lazar,  B.S.;
Hovar, L.; O'Connell, L.; Hayson, B.
   1978
   IQ Following Treatment of Lead Poisoning:  A Patient-Sibling Comparison
   Journal of Pediatrics 93 (3) :428-431


Saknrai, H.; Sagita, H.; Tsuchiya, K.
   1.974
   Biological Response and Subjective Symptoms in Low Level Lead Exposure
   Archives of Environmental Health 29:157-163


Secchi, G.C.; Alessio, L.
   1974
   Laboratory Results of Some Biological Measures in Workers Exposed to Lead
   archives of Environmental Health 29:351-354


Shapiro, I.H.; Burke, K.; Hitchell, G.; Block, p.
   1978
   X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Lead in Teeth of Urban children in Situ:  Correlation Between  the
   Tooth Lead Level and the Concentration of Blood Lead and Free Erythroporphyrins
   Environmental Research 17;46-52


Sharrett, A.R.
   1977
   Bater Hardness and Cardiovascular Disease Elements in Hater and Human Tissues
   Science of the Total Environment 7:217-226


Silbergeld, E.K.; Chisolm, J.J.. Jr.
   1976
   Lead Poisoning:  Mtared Urinary Catecholamine Metabolites, as Indicators of Intoxication  in
   Mice and Children
   Science 192:153-155


Singh, H.; Donovan, C.H.; Hanshaw, J.B.
   1978
   Neonatal Lead Intoxication in a Prenatally Exposed Infant
   Journal of Pediatrics 93 (6) -.1019-1021
                                                                                          ^

Singh, H.P.; Bogden, J.D.; Joselou, H.H.
   1975
   Distribution of Thallium and Lead in Children's Blood
   Archives of Environmental Health 30:557-558


Sitarz, A.L.
   1975
   Severe Lead Poisoning in a 6-Honth-Old Infant
   Journal of Pediatrics 86 (5):810-821


Skerfving, S.; Hansson, K.;  Hangs, C.; Lindsten, J.; Byman, N.
   1974
   HetbyImercory-Induced chromosome Damage in Han
   Environmental Research 7:83-98


Sorrell, H.; Rosen, J.F.; Roginsky, M.
   1977
   Interactions of Lead, Calcium, Vitamin D, and Nutrition in Lead-Burdened Children
   Archives of Environmental Health 32(4):160-164


Spickett, J.T.; Lazner, J.
   1979
   Cadmium Concentrations in Human Kidney and Liver Tissues from Restern Australia
   Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 23:627-630

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                                                 72
Spivey. G.H.; Brown, C.P.; Baloh, R.H.; Campion, O.S.; Valentine, J.L.; Basse?, P.J.;  Browdy, B.I..;
Culver, B.D.
   1979
   Sabclinical Effects of Chronic Increased Lead Absarption-A Prospective Study. I. study Design
   and Analysis of Symptoms
   Journal of Occupational Bedicine 21 (6):423-429


Stark, K.D.i Beigs, J.W.; Fitch, R.F.; Delouise. E.R.
   1978
   Family Operational Co-factors in the Epidemiology of Childhood Lead Poisoning
   Archives of Environmental Health 33(5):222-226


Sugita, H.
   1978
   The Biological Half-Time of Heavy  Betals
   International Archives of Occupational and Bnviornmental Health 41:25-40


   International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 41:25-40


Sumino, K. ; Hayakava, K.; Shibata, T.; Kitamura, S.
   1975
   Heavy Betals in Normal Japanese Tissues
   Archives of Environmental Health 30( 10):487-494


Syversen, T.L.H.
   1975
   Cadmium-Binding  in Huamn Liver and Kidney
   Archives  of Environmental Health  30:158-161


Szold, P.O.
   1974
   Plumbism  and Iron Deficiency
   New England Journal  of  Bedicine 290(9):520


Ter  Haar,  G.; Chadzinski,  L.
   1979
   An  Investigation of  Elevated  Blood Lead  Levels  in  Detroit  Children
   Archives  of Environmental Health  34(3):145-150


Thomas, C.B.; Rising, J.L.; Boore, J.K.
   1976
   Blood  Lead Concentrations of  Children and  Dogs  from  83  Illinois Families
   Journal  of the  American  Veterinary Bedical  Association  169 (11):1237-1240


Thomas, H.F.; Elwood, P.C.; Helsby,  B.;  St. Leger,  A.S.
   1979
   Relationship of  Blood  Lead  in Women and  Children to  Domestic  Water  Lead
   Mature  282:712-713


Thomasino,  J.A.; Znroweste, E.;  Brooks,  S.H.;  petering,  H.G.; Lerner,  S.I.; Finelli, V.H.
   1977
   Lead,  Zinc, and  Brythrocyte delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase:  Relationships in  Lead
   Toricity
   Archives  of Environmental Health  32*244-247


Tillery,  J.B.; Johnson,  D.E.
   1975
   Determination of Platinum,  Palladium,  and  Lead  in  Biological  Samples  by Atomic  Absorption
   Spectrophotometry
   Environmental Health Perspectives 12:19-26


Timpo,  A.E.;  Amin,  J.S.;  Casalino, H.B.;  Tnceoglu,  A.H.
   1979
   Congenital Lead  Intoxication
   Journal  of Pediatrics  94 (5):765-767

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                                                  73
Tola, S.;  Nordman, C. H.
   1977
   Slotting and Blood  Lead Concentrations  in Lead-Exposed  Workers  and  on  Onexposed  Population
   Environmental  Research 13:250-255


Tomokuni,  K.
   1974
   Delta-Aminolevulinic  Acid  Dehydratase  Test  for  Lead  Exposure
   Archives of Environmental  Health 29:274-289


Tomokuni,  K.; Ogata,  H.
   1976
   Relationship betveen  Lead  Concentration in  Bload  and Biological Response to Porphyrin Hetsbolisa
   in Workers Occapationally  Exposed to Lead
   Archives of Toxicology 35:239-246


Tsuchiya,  K.
   1976
   Proteinnria of Cadmium Workers
   Journal of Occupational  Medicine 18(7):463-466


Olander, A.; Axelson, C.
   1974
   Measurement of Blood-Cadmium  Levels
   Lancet  1 (7859):682-683


Ollacci, P.A.; Hwang, J.Y,
   1974
   Determination  of Cadaium in Biological Materials  by  Atomic  Absorption
   Talanta 21(7):745-750


van  Peteghem, T.H.; deVos,  H.
   1974
   Toxicity Study of  Lead Haphthenate
   British Journal of Industrial Hedicine 31:233-238


Vitale,  L. F.; Joselov, H.3. ;  Wedeen, R.P.; Pavlov, 9.
   1975
   Blood Lead - An Inadequate Measure of  Occupational Exposure
   Journal of Occupational  Medicine 17(3):155-156.


Wada, 0.;  Takeo,  K.;  Tano,  I.; Tetsu, 0.;  Nagahashi, H.;  Seki, H.
   1976
   Delta Aainolevulinic  Acid  Dehydratase  in Lov Level Lead  Exposure
   Archives of Environmental  Health 31:211-215


Waldron, H.A.
   1979
   Lead  Poisoning froa cosmetics
   Lancet  2(8151): 1070-1071


Watson,  w.N.; Witherell, L.E.; Gignere, G.C.
   1978
   Increased Lead Absorption  in  Children  of Workers  in  a  Lead  Storage Battery Plant
   Journal of Occupational  Hedicine 20(11);759-761


Wedeen,  R.P.;  Haesaka, J.K.; Weiner,  B.;  Lipat, 6.A.; Lyons, H.H.; Vitale, L.P.; Joselov, n.l.

   Occupational Lead  Nephropathy
   American Journal of Hedicine 59:630-641


Wedeen,  R.P.;  Hallik,  O.K.;  Batnman,  V.;  Bogden,  J.D.
   1978
   Geophagic  Lead Nephropathy: Case Report
   Environmental Research 17:409-415

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                                                74
Besterman, H.P.; Bruetnan, H.; Pfitzer, E.
   197<»
   Lead Poisoning and Rultiple Sclerosis
   Archives of Environmental Health 29:355-356


Higle, D.T.; Charlebois. B.J.
   1978
   Electric Kettles as a Source of Hunan Lead Exposure
   Archives of Environmental Health 33:72-78


Billden, E.G.; Hyne, B.E.B.
   197U
   Blood and Urinary Cadmium in Chronic Renal Failure
   Hephron 13(3):253-257


flinegar, D.A.; Levy, B.S.; Andrews, J.S. ; Landrigan, P.J.; Scruton, W.H.; Krause, B.J.
   1977
   Chronic Occupational Exposure to Lead:  An Evaluation  of the Health of Smelter Workers
   Journal of Occupational Hedicine 19(9):603-606


Hysovski, O.K.;  Landrigan, P.J.; Ferguson, S.H.; Fontaine, R.E.; Tsongas, T.A.; Porter, B.
   1978
   Cadmium Exposure in a Community Near a Smelter
   American Journal of Epidemiology 107(1):27-35


Yankel, A.J.; von Lindern, I.H.; Halter,  S.D.
   1977
   The Silver Valley Lead  Study:  The  Relationship  between Childhood Blood Lead Levels and
   Environmental Exposure
   Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 27(8):763-767


louroukos, S.; Lyberatos, C.;  Philippidou, A.;  Gardikas,  C.;  Tsomi, A.
   1978
   Increased Blood Lead Levels in dentally Retarded Children  in Greece
   Archives of Environmental  Health 33(6):297-300


Zielhuis, H.L.;  del Castilho,  ?.; Berber, S.F.H.; HLbovo, A.A.E.
   1978
   Levels of Lead and Other  Hetals in  Human  Blood:  Suggestive Relationships, Determining  Factors
   Environmental Health Perspectives 25:103-109

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                                            75
                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
    EPA 560/13-80-20
                             2.
ORNL/EIS-168
                                                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
  Cadmium and Lead Levels in  Human Blood
  and Kidney,  A  Literature Search
                         5. REPORT DATE
                             July 1980
                         6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
  Virginia Cone, Margaret F. Bauldauf, Fay M.  Martin
  and John T.  Ensminger (Data Base)
                                                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
                                                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
  Health and Environmental Studies Program
  Information Center ODnplex/Information Division
  Oak Ridge National Laboratory
  Oak Ridge, Tennessee  37830
                         11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.


                           EPA IAG No. 78-D-X383
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   U.S.Environmental- Protection Agency
   Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
   Survey and Analysis Division/Design  & Dev.  Branch
   401 M Street SW, Washington, DC   20460
                         13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                         14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
       A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in human biological media
  (tissues and body fluids) had been  established under the direction of the Environmenta;
  Protection Agency's Office of Toxic Substances Survey and Analysis Division.  This
  centralized resource of body-burden information was inspired by the  concern of govern-
  ment scientists over continuing reports of toxic chemicals in human  tissues and body
  fluids.
       Data are obtained primarily from the open literature through manual searches of
  selected journals.  Retrospective searching to 1974 is complete and  has yielded over
  2000 pertinent documents of which approximately 800 have been entered into the data
  base as of this report.  These sources identify over 500 chemicals which-have been
  found in human biological media.
       A specific search of the data  base for cadmium and lead levels  in blood and
  kidney is presented in this report.   This report was prepared by  the EPA OPTS Survey
  and Analysis Division's Design and  Development Branch in support  of  the World
  Health Organization's Biological Monitoring Project.
17.
                               KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
            b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C.  COSATI Field/Group
  cadmium
  lead
  kidney
  blood
  body-burden
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

  for release to public
            19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
               unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
   82
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                  unclassified
                                      22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77)   PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
                                                                 •U 8 OOVHWKEMT PRINTIJK) WflCBi 3U-13VS7

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