United S
Environrnf ntal Piotection
Office of Pest.
and Toxic Substances
Washinqton, DC 20460
EPA 560 5-85 H30a
!985
Substances
Asbestos in Buildings:
Simplified Sampling
Scheme for Friable
Surfacing Materials
-------
October, 1985
U.S. ERA
OPPTS Chemical Library
EPA West Room 3378 MC740TT
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW
Washington OC 20460-0001
Asbestos in Buildings
Simplified Sampling Scheme for Friable
Surfacing Materials
Exposure Evaluation Division
Office of Toxic Substances
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1
SECTION 2 OUTLINE OF SAMPLING AND
ANALYSIS PROCEDURE 1
SECTION 3 IDENTIFYING SAMPLING AREAS 2
SECTION 4 PREPARATION OF DIAGRAMS 3
SECTION 5 NUMBER OF SAMPLES 5
SECTION 6 SELECTION OF SAMPLE LOCATIONS 5
SECTION 7 IDENTIFICATION OF SAMPLING LOCATIONS . 7
SECTION 8 SAMPLE COLLECTION 10
SECTION 9 EXAMPLE APPLICATION 10
SECTION 10 QUALITY ASSURANCE 11
SECTION 11 LABORATORY ANALYSIS 11
.V-
SECTION 12 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 13
SECTION 13 WHAT TO DO IF ASBESTOS IS PRESENT... 14
REFERENCES 15
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
Page
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1. EPA Regional Asbestos Coordinators 16
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Number of Samples to be Collected
from each Sampling Area 5
Table 2. Sampling Locations 8
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Example of a Sampling Area Diagram 4
Figure 2. Sampling Area Divided into Nine Subareas 6
Figure 3. Example of an Irregularly Shaped Sampling
Area Divided into Nine Equally Sized Subareas .... 9
Figure 4. Location of Samples 12
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Acknowledgements
This document was written by Jean Chesson and Ted Berner of
Battelle Columbus Division and Bertram Price of National Economic
Research Associates, Inc., based on discussions with a working group
from EPA's Office of Toxic Substances. The group consisted of Carol
Bass, Joan Blake, Joseph Breen, Joseph Carra, Elizabeth Dutrow and
Cindy Stroup of the Exposure Evaluation Division and David Mayer and
Stephen Schanamann of the Asbestos Action Program. We thank the
individuals who reviewed an earlier draft and provided comments, many
of which are incorporated in the final version. Karen J. Krasner and
Lenora Palmer of Battelle managed the production of text and graphics.
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1. INTRODUCTION
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has an active technical
assistance program which provides information on identifying and con-
trolling asbestos-containing materials in buildings. This booklet
describes a procedure for sampling friable sprayed- or troweled-on
materials on ceilings, walls, and other surfaces. (Friable material is
material that can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand
pressure.) Pipe and boiler insulation, and other types of material require
different sampling procedures which are discussed in EPA's 1985
guidance (the "Purple Book", USEPA 1985a). The sampling procedure
described here is a simplified version of the scheme described in
"Asbestos-Containing Materials in School Buildings: Guidance for
Asbestos Analytical Programs" (USEPA 1980). Like USEPA 1980, it uses
random sampling to ensure that the samples are representative of the
sampling area. However, the procedure has been simplified to eliminate
tedious calculations. Sampling done according to the 1980 scheme is
consistent with the recommendations in this booklet.
EPA has published "Guidance for Controlling Asbestos-Containing
Materials in Buildings" (the "Purple Book", USEPA 1985a) to assist
building owners. The guidance explains how to plan and conduct a
building survey to determine if asbestos-containing material (ACM) is
present. This booklet should be used in conjunction with Chapter 2 of
the Purple Book.
The sampling scheme described here is designed to minimize errors
in detecting asbestos. It takes into account two important sources of
potential error:
error caused when asbestos is not distributed uniformly
throughout the material (one or more samples could miss
asbestos even if it is present); and
error caused when the laboratory analysis is incorrect.
Actual information on the likelihood of these errors was used to deter-
mine the number of samples to be collected and their location. The
statistical basis for the design is given in USEPA (1985b).
2. OUTLINE OF SAMPLING AND
ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
Follow these steps (each step is described in more detail below):
Identify all friable surfacing materials and group them in-
to homogeneous Sampling Areas. A homogeneous Sam-
pling Area contains material that is uniform in texture and ap-
-------
pearance, was installed at one time, and is unlikely to consist
of more than one type, or formulation, of material.
Prepare diagrams of each Sampling Area to allow selection
and documentation of sampling locations.
Divide the Sampling Area into nine equally sized subareas.
This is done to help in obtaining samples that are represen-
tative of the entire Sampling Area.
Determine the number of samples. Nine samples (one per
subarea) are recommended. When cost, or other constraints,
limit the number of samples that can be collected, a minimum
number of samples based on the size of the Sampling Area
is specified.
Determine the sampling locations. The locations are chosen
to obtain a representative sample and to avoid biases that
could be introduced if personal judgment alone were used.
Collect samples. Follow guidelines designed to minimize fiber
release.
Follow a Quality Assurance program. This involves collec-
ting extra samples to ensure reliability of the laboratory
analyses.
Send the samples to a qualified laboratory for analysis by
polarized light microscopy.
Interpret the results. If any sample has more than 1%
asbestos, then either assume that the entire Sampling Area
contains asbestos or collect additional samples to determine
more precisely the extent of the ACM.
If asbestos is present, initiate a special operations and
maintenance (O&M) program to clean up any asbestos fibers
previously released and to prevent future release. Refer to the
Purple Book for more information.
3. IDENTIFYING SAMPLING AREAS
All friable surfacing materials in the building must be identified. Check
all spaces in the building, including halls, closets, attic spaces, and tun-
nels. Carefully inspect walls, ceilings, beams, ducts, and any other sur-
faces. Determine if the material is friable. Several types of friable sur-
facing material may have been applied within a single building. These
could have very different asbestos content; therefore, each type of
-------
material must be sampled. Building records may provide useful infor-
mation such as construction dates for different parts of the building.
Group friable surfacing material into "homogeneous" Sampling Areas.
A homogeneous area contains friable material that is uniform in tex-
ture and color and appears identical in every other respect. Materials
installed at different times belong to different Sampling Areas. If there
is any reason to suspect that materials might be different, even though
they appear uniform, assign them to separate Sampling Areas. For ex-
ample, material in different wings of a building, on different floors, or
in special areas such as cafeterias, machine shops, bandrooms, etc.,
should be assigned to separate Sampling Areas, unless there is good
reason to believe that the material is identical throughout.
In a large multistory building (more than 10 stories), a separate Sam-
pling Area for each floor may not be necessary. If the material appears
identical on every floor, several floors can be grouped into one Sam-
pling Area. Do not group floors if it is known that the material was ap-
plied at different times, or if there is some other reason to suspect that
the material might not be homogeneous. The selection of homogeneous
Sampling Areas is a subjective process. When in doubt, assign materials
to separate Sampling Areas.
4. PREPARATION OF DIAGRAMS
For each Sampling Area, prepare a diagram approximately to scale
showing ail friable materials in the Sampling Area. An example is shown
in Figure 1. The Sampling Area diagram should include:
an identification number;
brief description of the Sampling Area;
area dimensions and scale;
name and address of the building;
name and telephone number of the asbestos program
manager (See Chapter 2 of the Purple Book);
name of inspector and date of inspection; and
name of person preparing the diagram and date prepared.
If the Sampling Area contains areas of friable material that are not ad-
jacent (for example, homogeneous areas on consecutive floors of a
building), sketch each separate area and place all sketches on the same
graph as close together as possible. The Sampling Area may contain
areas that are not in one plane; for example, a ceiling and a wall with
the same type of friable material. In this case, sketch each flat surface
and place the sketches on the same graph, as close together as possi-
ble. The Sampling Area diagrams should be retained as part of the
building owner's permanent asbestos program file.
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Sampling Area ft 2.
Description;
Activity
F«c\o\Ae &e'A\«\* Wa-tex-\a\ o£ Activity Center Am\ex:
t
132'
t
90'
GYMNASIUM
60'
AUDITORIUM
12'
60'
60'
School dWtAerjyon "^aWiav- UlaVx Asbestos Program Manager TkA "
Address ?Q/a LaVi»\f't>/^ "^<- Telephone No.
Inspector
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5. NUMBER OF SAMPLES
Nine samples per homogeneous Sampling Area are recommended.
With 9 samples, the likelihood of detecting asbestos when it is present
is very high. Cost or other constraints may limit the number of samples
that can be collected. If 9 samples cannot be collected, use Table 1 to
determine the minimum number. This number depends on the size of
the Sampling Area. In a very small (much less than 1,000 square feet)
Sampling Area such as a closet, take 3 samples rather than the full 9.
Table 1. The Number of Samples to be Collected from each
Sampling Area
Recommended Minimum
Size of the Number of Samples Number of Samples
Sampling Area to be Collected to be Collected
Less than 1,000 square feet 9 3
Between 1,000 & 5,000 9 5
square feet
Greater than 5,000 square feet 9 7
6. SELECTION OF SAMPLE LOCATIONS
In this sampling scheme, sample locations are selected so that they
are representative of the Sampling Area. When nine samples are col-
lected, they are distributed evenly throughout the Sampling Area. If fewer
than nine samples are collected, a random sampling scheme is used
to determine their location. Choosing sample locations according to per-
sonal judgment produces samples which may not be representative and
can lead to a wrong decision about the presence or absence of asbestos.
The sampling scheme described here avoids this problem and controls
the frequency of mistakes.
Divide the Sampling Area into 9 equally sized subareas. This is done
by dividing the length and breadth of the Sampling Area into 3 equal
lengths and drawing a grid over the diagram (see Figure 2). This can
be done carefully by eye. Exact measurements are not needed.
If the Sampling Area does not easily fit into a rectangular shape, parts
of the grid might not be in the Sampling Area. This is not a problem
in most cases. If, however, a large part of the grid falls outside the Sam-
pling Area (for example, if the Sample Area is L-shaped), it is advisable
to divide the Sampling Area into two or more separate Sampling Areas,
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Sampling Area ID I
Description :
Activi-fcy Ce^-fcer /Woex
cev\»x>o rr\atex-*cx\
m
»;av. U^V. Asbestos Program Manager TeJ
Address 7Q/a / a^v/.o/.t T>y. Telephone No. £
Inspector 9>-f.^,vfe ?«Wsovi Diagram prepared by
Date of Inspection <\/2tl/KR Date
Figure 2. Sampling Area divided into nine subareas.
6
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each of which is approximately rectangular, and select sample locations
by applying the sampling scheme to each Sampling Area.
For greatest coverage, one sample from each of the nine regions
should be collected. If fewer samples are to be collected, the diagrams
in Table 2 show which subareas to use in order to follow a random sam-
pling scheme. For the first area you intend to sample, number the 9
subareas as shown for Sampling Area #1 in Table 2. If 3 samples are
needed, take them from the subareas markeo 1, 2 and 3. If 5 samples
are needed, take them from the subareas marked 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and
so on. Take samples from approximately the center of a subarea or as
close as possible to the center if accessibility, presence of light fixtures,
etc., make the center location impractical. If a subarea is specified that
falls entirely outside the Sampling Area, use the next specified subarea
instead. For example, if subarea 3 falls outside the Sampling Area, take
the third sample from subarea 4.
For very irregularly shaped areas, the Sampling Area may be divid-
ed into 9 approximately equally sized subareas that do not necessarily
form a rectangular grid. The diagrams in Table 2 will then need to be
adapted to the specific situation. Figure 3 shows an example of a Y--
shaped Sampling Area that was divided into 9 equally sized subareas.
The first diagram of Table 1 was adapted accordingly to number the
subareas. When adapting sampling diagrams, retain the order of the
numbered subareas from left to right and top to bottom wherever
possible.
For each Sampling Area use a new diagram in Table 2. If you have
more than 18 Sampling Areas start again at the top of
Table 2 (Sampling Area #1) to determine sampling locations for Sam-
pling Area 19.
7. IDENTIFICATION OF SAMPLING LOCATIONS
Assign a non-systematic but unique sample ID number to each sam-
ple location. This ID number will be on the sampling container when
it goes to the laboratory for analysis. Record the ID number and the
sample location on the Sampling Area diagram and also in a perma-
nent logbook. This must be done carefully so that there is no uncer-
tainty about the location and identity of each sample. Make sure that
no two samples have the same ID number. Unique non-systematic
numbers are used to prevent the laboratories from knowing which
samples come from the same Sampling Areas or the same buildings.
This "blind" procedure helps prevent bias on the part of the analyst
since there is no temptation to assume that the next sample will be
similar to the previous one.
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Table 2. Sampling locations. For each Sampling Area, take the First
Sample from the Center of the Subarea Marked 1, take the
Second Sample from the Center of the Subarea Marked 2, etc.
Sampling Sampling Sampling
Area Locations Area
Sampling Sampling Sampling
Locations Area Locations
9
2
5
8
7
3
1
6
4
8
3
4
7
9
2
1
5
6
4
2
8
1
9
5
7
6
3
6
5
2
1
9
7
8
3
4
6
1
9
4
5
2
3
8
7
7
6
2
4
1
9
3
5
8
10
11
12
7
2
6
1
4
8
9
5
3
13
14
15
16
17
18
8
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Figure 3. An example of an irregularly shaped Sampling Area divided
into nine equally sized subareas. The first sampling
diagram from Table 1 was modified to number the subareas.
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8. SAMPLE COLLECTION
Collect samples while the area is unoccupied. The following guidelines
for sample collection are designed to minimize damage to the ACM and
subsequent fiber release.
Wear at least a half-face respirator with disposable filters.
Wet the surface of the material to be sampled with water mist
from a spray bottle or place a plastic bag around the sampler
with the open end of the bag pressed tightly against the wall
or ceiling.
Sample with a reusable sampler such as a cork borer or a
single-use sampler such as a glass vial, or metal or plastic
container.
With a twisting motion, slowly push the sampler into the
material. Be sure to penetrate any paint or protective coating
and all the layers of the friable material.
For reusable samplers, extract and eject the sample into a con-
tainer. Wet-wipe the tube and plunger. For single-use samplers,
extract, wet-wipe the exterior, and cap it.
Label the container with the unique sample ID number that
is marked on the Sampling Area diagram.
Clean debris using wet towels and discard them in a plastic
bag.
Use latex spray paint, or a sealant, to cover the spot where
the sample was taken.
9. EXAMPLE
The sampling procedure is illustrated by this example.
A school was visually inspected for friable materials. The Activity Center
Annex was found to contain friable ceiling materials. All the materials
were believed to be the same and thus comprise one Sampling Area.
Approximate room dimensions were obtained by pacing and
diagrammed as shown in Figure 1.
There were not enough funds for nine samples to be collected in every
Sampling Area. Therefore, the minimum number, based on area, was
calculated. The total area of friable materials is 10,080 square feet, as
calculated by
10
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Area = [60' x 90'] + [12' x 90'] + [60' x 60']
= 10,080 square feet.
Since this area is greater than 5,000 square feet, seven samples should
be collected (Table 1).
The Sampling Area diagram was divided into 9 subareas. Assuming
this is the second Sampling Area to be sampled, the second diagram
of Table 2 is used. The region marked 6 in the diagram does not fall
within the Sampling Area. Therefore the regions marked 1 through 5,
and 7 and 8 were used to obtain 7 samples. These 7 locations were
marked on the Sampling Area diagram as shown in Figure 4. Each
sampling location was assigned a unique, non-systematic sample ID
number and this number was marked on the Sampling Area diagram.
A quality control sample (see below) was also collected in region 4 im-
mediately adjacent to the original sample. This sample was also given
a unique, non-systematic sample ID number.
10. QUALITY ASSURANCE
A quality assurance program is important to ensure the reliability of
results from laboratory analyses. Essentially identical samples
samples which should have the same content are submitted for
laboratory analysis and the results are compared. These quality con-
trol (QC) samples may be obtained by taking two samples immediately
adjacent to each other ("side-by-side" samples). The QC samples are
labelled and handled in the same way as ordinary samples. The
laboratory should not know which samples are QC samples. Collect at
least 1 QC sample per building or 1 QC sample per 20 samples,
whichever is larger. The QC sample should be analyzed by the primary
laboratory or at a second laboratory to confirm the results of the first
analysis. Any disagreements about the presence or absence of asbestos
should be investigated by reanalyzing the samples or collecting addi-
tional samples.
11. LABORATORY ANALYSIS
The recommended method of bulk sample analysis for asbestos is
polarized light microscopy. The average cost of analysis is $25 per sam-
ple. EPA administers a bulk asbestos sample quality assurance program.
Lists of participating laboratories, their performance scores and further
11
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Sampling Area ID I 2-
Description:
kc-fcivity Cetvter
Fr\\e Ce\\\r\o
-texture i
Ctox>«=,tx-uc-teA
Ce'tV\y\a areas ">Vffcc\\eA ^>e\ocJ Cotnpr'^e
O
Area CZV
'
90
,
>
»
^ joz ^>
'
'
,
I
i
]
i
GYMNASIUM
BL57
8
MX73
3
PR17
AT25
4
|
RS22
7
9
EG69
2
AUDIT(
IRIUM
FD37
4
TM43
5
6
^ 60' ^ ^12^
school /-,, Vv^rrsan^tmut* H;^» Asbestos
\ddress ^fi6> ILpltp^*^ Tir: Te
inspector '^j'tfiY/3- *S«V«^»>Qvt ^i
lephon
agram
t
60'
v
^ 60' ^
Program Manager "T*.A "P»a-r\c*>y-
e No.
f ^X J A ^ A\ A £1 .v ^^ ft *i.X
* *^ * -n ^T iJll if IB i 11 fl
prepared by Cj^aio Mnv-ti'n
)ate of Inspection 3/24/11* Date Ot-fcoV>^r 1, J9fiS
Figure 4. Location of samples. The Sampling Area was divided into
nine subareas which were labelled according to the second
diagram in Table 2. Samples were taken at locations marked
with a and given unique ID numbers as shown.
12
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information on the program are available from the Asbestos Technical
Information Services at (800)334-8571. After analysis, samples should
be kept permanently in a safe location, such as the Local Education
Agency (LEA) with appropriate documentation so that the samples can
be retrieved easily if needed.
It is not always necessary to collect or have all samples analyzed at
once since sometimes a decision can be reached after the analysis of
only some of the samples. This is discussed in more detail in the next
section.
12. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
If one or more samples from a Sampling Area has more than 1%
asbestos, then treat the Sampling Area as if it contains asbestos. If any
doubt remains, or if further information is needed, then collect additional
samples. For example, the initial sampling might suggest that the Sam-
pling Area is asbestos-free with the exception of one end of a hallway
which opens into a foyer. In this case, rather than treating the whole
hallway as if it contained asbestos, the area could be subdivided into
two new Sampling Areas and each one sampled according to the
scheme above to confirm the absence of asbestos in the hallway and
its presence in the foyer.
Since a decision regarding the presence of asbestos can be made
as soon as one sample shows more than 1% asbestos, the samples
can be collected and analyzed sequentially, beginning with a minimum
of three samples. Send samples from regions marked 1, 2 and 3 to the
laboratory first. If one or more samples has more than 1% asbestos,
then treat the Sampling Area as if it contains asbestos. (Note: the May
27,1982 EPA "Friable Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools; Iden-
tification and Notification Rule" (40 CFR Part 763), currently requires
the collection and analysis of three samples from each Sampling Area
within a school building.) If none of the first three samples contain
asbestos then send samples from regions 4 and 5 to the laboratory. Con-
tinue in this manner until either asbestos is found in a sample from the
Sampling Area, or until at least the minimum number of samples for
the Sampling Area have been analyzed. Alternatively, to reduce ship-
ping costs, collect and send all samples to the laboratory at once with
instructions to analyze the samples in the appropriate order. Be careful
not to reveal to the laboratory which samples come from the same
Sampling Area.
The potential savings in analysis costs have to be weighed against
the extra information obtained by analyzing all the samples. In many
cases, it may be more efficient to collect and have all the samples ana-
lyzed at once rather than follow this sequential plan.
13
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13. WHAT TO DO IF ASBESTOS IS PRESENT
If ACM is found in a building, a special operations and maintenance
(O&M) program should be implemented immediately. The program is
designed to clean up asbestos fibers previously released, prevent future
release by minimizing ACM disturbance or damage, and monitor the
condition of ACM. Details are given in Chapter 3 of the Purple Book.
EPA's illustrated pamphlet, "Asbestos in Buildings: Guidance for Ser-
vice and Maintenance Personnel" (USEPA 1985), may also be useful
in publicizing and initiating the special O&M program.
Once a special O&M program is in place, the ACM should be assessed
to see if further control action, such as removal or encapsulation of the
ACM, is necessary. If abatement work is to be done, additional bulk
samples may help to confirm the results of the initial survey and to ob-
tain information about the material which will be useful in selecting and
implementing the abatement program. Further information is provided
in the Purple Book or can be obtained from your EPA Regional Asbestos
Coordinator (Appendix 1).
14
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REFERENCES
USEPA. 1980.
USEPA. 1985a.
USEPA. 1985b.
USEPA. 1985C.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos-
containing materials in school buildings: guidance
for asbestos analytical programs. Washington, DC:
Office of Toxic Substances, USEPA. EPA
560/13-80-017A.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidance for
controlling asbestos-containing materials in
buildings. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic
Substances, USEPA. EPA 560/5-85-024.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos in
buildings: statistical background for sampling friable
surfacing materials. Washington, DC: Office of Tox-
ic Substances, USEPA. EPA 560/5-85-030b.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos in
buildings: guidance for service and maintenance per-
sonnel. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances,
USEPA. EPA 560/5-85-018.
15
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Appendix 1. EPA Regional Asbestos Coordinators
Region 1
(617) 223-0585
JFK Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
Maine
Vermont
New Hampshire
Connecticut
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Region 2
(201) 321-6668
Woodbridge Avenue
Edison, NJ 08837
New York
New Jersey
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Region 3
(215) 597-9859
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Delaware
Virginia
West Virginia
District of Columbia
Region 4
(404) 881-3864
345 Courtland Street NE
Atlanta, GA 30365
Georgia
Alabama
Mississippi
Florida
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Kentucky
Region 5
(312) 886-6006
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Indiana
Ohio
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
Minnesota
Region 6
(214) 767-2734
Interfirst Two Building
Dallas, TX 75270
Texas
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Arkansas
Louisiana
Region 7
(913) 236-2835
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
Kansas
Missouri
Nebraska
Iowa
Region 8
(303) 293-1742
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, CO 80295
Colorado
Utah
Wyoming
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
16
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Appendix 1. EPA Regional Asbestos Coordinators
Continued
Region 9 Region 10
(415) 974-8588 (206) 442-2870
215 Fremont Street 1200 Sixth Avenue
San Francisco, CA 94105 Seattle, WA 98101
California Washington
Nevada Oregon
Arizona Idaho
Hawaii Alaska
Guam, Am. Samoa
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soj7J-»oi
REPORT DOCUMENTATION
PAGE
I. RETORT NO.
EPA 560/5-85-030a
4. TMto end Subtitle
Asbestos in Buildings: Simplified Sampling Scheme for
Friable Surfacing Materials
7. Airttwrfe)
Jean Chesson. Bertram P. Price. Ted Berner
9. Performing OrcenlieMon Nome end Addrett
Battelle Columbus Laboratories
2030 M Street. NW
Suite 800
Washington, D.C. 20036
U- So.
i Nome end Address Battelle Columbus Labs
Midwest Research Institute 2030 M Street, N.W.
425 Volker Blvd. Suite 800
Kansas City, MO 64110 Washington, D.C. 20036
Subcontractor to MRI
S. Reclpisnft Accession No
1 Report Dste
October, 1985
. Performing Orgenlxetton R»pt. No.
10. Pro|ect/Tesk/Wort Unit No.
11. OMMractfC) or CrentCG) No.
to 68-02-3938
fWSubcontract #107-7900-3
11. Type of Report 4 Period Covered
M.
IS. tveptemenury Nairn
This report was prepared for the Exposure Evaluation Division of the Office of Toxic
Substances. Copies of the document can be obtained by calling toll-free 800-424-9065.
(Call 554-1404 in the District_pf Columbia 0 _
!. Abstract (Umtt: 100 wor«H)
This simplified document provides EPA guidance for sampling friable sprayed-on or
trovelled-on materials on ceilings, vails, and other surfaces for asbestos. The
document furnishes advice for 1) identifying a sampling area, 2) applying a sampling
scheme to the area, 3) determining the number to collect, 4) deciding upon sampling
locations within the area, 5) formulating a quality assurance program for sampling
and analysis, 6) collecting the samples, 7) submitting the samples for analysis,
and 8) Interpreting the laboratory results. The material presented is a summary of
information and experience gained by EPA through its Asbestos in Schools and Buildings
Program.
17. Oocmmm Anahwte . Dncripton
Asbestos
Asbestos-Containing Materials
Ajibestos Sampling Scheme
Asbestos Analytical Program
/Op«n tnd«d
C. COSATI FMd/Onwp
Available to the Public
It. Security CtoM (TM« Report)
Unclassified
10. Security Clm« (Tbta F*|e)
Unclassified
21. No of »«»
21
22. Price
See fmtrvcttont on Reverse
(Formerly NTIS-15;
Department of Commerce
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