-74-087
r 1974
Environmental Protection Technology Sene:
»v^-.-.-:-.-.-:-.-:-.-;-;-.-:-.-::-.vvvv-i
IDENTIFICATION AND ASSISSMSNl
OF ASBESTOS EMISSIONS
INCIDENTAL SOURCES
U S f n v i - o n m e n t a '• f 1 o (e c 1 > o r> A t
-------
EPA-650/2-74-087
IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT
OF ASBESTOS EMISSIONS
FROM INCIDENTAL SOURCES
OF ASBESTOS
by
R. J. Kuryvial, R.A. Wood, and
Battelle, Columbus Laboratories
505 King Avenue,
Columbus, Ohio 43201
Contract No. 68-02-0230
Task 24
Program Element No. 1AB015
ROAP No. 21AFA-004
EPA Project Officer: D.K. Oestreich
Control Systems Laboratory
National Environmental Research Center
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
Prepared for
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
September 1974
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This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency
and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the
contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency,
nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
11
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
OBJECTIVE 1
APPROACH 1
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 2
BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3
Asbestiform Minerals of Interest 3
Geologic Occurrence of Asbestiform Phases x 5
Geographic Distribution of Areas Likely to Contain
Asbestiform Minerals 11
APPROACH AND RESULTS 16
Occurrence of Asbestiform Minerals in Ores 16
Selection of Sources for Field Sampling 22
Field Sampling at Two Sites 22
GLOSSARY 40
APPENDIX A
DETAILED DISCUSSION OF OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS AS AN
ACCESSORY MINERAL AND MINING ACTIVITY IN THESE AREAS. . . A- 1
Alabama . ...... 1
Alaska 8
Arizona 15
Arkansas 26
California 33
Colorado 43
Connecticut 47
Delaware. 51
Florida 54
Georgia 55
Hawaii 62
Idaho 69
Illinois 73
Indiana 77
Iowa 79
Kansas 82
Kentucky 85
Louisiana 90
Maine 92
Maryland 97
iii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(Continued)
Massachusetts . A-102
Michigan 107
Minnesota Ill
Mississippi 123
Missouri 125
Montana 133
Nebraska 140
Nevada 144
New Hampshire 150
New Jersey 154
New Mexico 157
New York 165
North Carolina 172
North Dakota 180
Ohio 183
Oklahoma 185
Oregon 191
Pennsylvania 197
Rhode Island 203
South Carolina 208
South Dakota 220
Tennessee 227
Texas 231
Utah 236
Vermont 246
Virginia 252
Washington 258
West Virginia 269
Wisconsin 272
Wyoming 278
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1. Serpentinite Belts of North America 7
Figure 2. Specific Sites Containing High Concentrations
of Asbestiform Phases 13
Figure 3. Geographic Distribution of Igneous-Metamorphic
Rock Terrains 14
Figure 4. The U.S. 1970 Population Density by County. . . 15
Figure 5. Asbestos Sampling Network Locations -
Grace Mine 26
Figure 6. Asbestos Sampling Network Locations -
Charman Plant 27
Figure 7. Sampling Site "A" (Sampler Located at "X"
on Roof) 29
Figure 8. Sampling Site "C" (Sampler Located at "X"
on Roof) 29
Figure 9. Sampling Site "D" (Sampler Located at "X"). . • 30
Figure 10. Sampler at Site "G" 30
Figure 11. Sampler at Site "H" 31
Figure 12. Sampler at Site "I" 31
Figure 13. Sampler at Site "J" 32
Figure 14. Sampler at Site "K" . 32
Figure 15. Sampler at Site "L" 33
Figure 16. Charman Plant 33
Figure 17. Sampling Rig 34
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LIST OF FIGURES
(Continued)
Figure A-l. Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in Alabama A-3
Figure A-2. Map of Area of Alabama Containing Metamorphic Rocks. . A-4
Figure A-3. Occurrence of Amphibolite (Massive and Layered) With
Chlorite Schist A-5
Figure A-4. Geological Features of Alaska A-9
Figure A-5. Copper Occurrences and Production A-17
Figure A-6. Occurrence of Amphibole Minerals in Arizona, A-20
Figure A-7. Chrysotile Asbestos Deposits A-21
Figure A-8. Occurrence of Igneous Rock and Metallic
Mineralization in Arkansas A-27
Figure A-9. Map Showing Areas of California Which Have Favorable
Geologic Conditions for the Formation of Asbestiform
Minerals A-35
Figure A-10. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in
Colorado A-44
Figure A-ll. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rocks in Connecticut .... A-48
Figure A-12. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Delaware A^-52
Figure A-13. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock
in Georgia A-56
Figure A-14. Map of the Hawaiian Archipelago A-63
Figure A-15. Talc Occurrence on Island of Oahu A-65
Figure A-16. Asbestos Occurrence in Idaho A-70
Figure A-17. Areas of Asbestos Occurrence in Illinois A-74
Figure A-18. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in Iowa . . A-80
Figure A-19. Occurrence of Igneous Rock in Kansas A-83
Figure A-20. Areas of Kentucky Where Igneous Rocks Are Found. . . . A-86
Figure A-21. Occurrence of Igneous Rock in Eastern Kentucky .... A-87
vi
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LIST OF FIGURES
(Continued)
Page
Figure A-22. Occurrence of Igneous Rock in Western Kentucky .... A-87
Figure A-23. Occurrence of Asbestos Rock in Maine A-93
Figure A-24. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Maryland A-98
Figure A-25. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Massachusetts. . . . A-103
Figure A-26. Detailed Map Showing Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock
in Massachusetts A-104
Figure A-27. Occurrence of Asbestos in Michigan . A-108
Figure A-28. Geological Features of Minnesota A-112
Figure A-29. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in
Missouri A-126
Figure A-30. Detail Map of Area of Missouri Where Igneous and
Metamorphic Rocks Occur A-127
Figure A-31. Major Geological Regions of Montana A-134
Figure A-32. Asbestos and Talc Rock Occurrence in Western
Montana A-136
Figure A-33. Geologic Bedrock Map of Nebraska A-141
Figure A-34. Mineral Deposits in Nevada A-146
Figure A-35. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in New Hampshire. . . . A-152
Figure A-36. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in New Jersey A-155
Figure A-37. Physiographic Provinces of New Mexico and Asbestos
Occurrence A-158
Figure A-38. Occurrence of Copper and Gold in New Mexico A-160
Figure A-39. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in New York A-166
Figure A-40. Detailed Map of Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in
New York A-167
Figure A-41. Detailed Map of Area Around Gouverneur, New York,
Showing Talc and Zinc Mining Activity A-169
vii
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LIST OF FIGURES
(Continued)
Page
Figure A-42. Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in North Carolina A-173
Figure A-43. Geographic Distribution of Ultramafic Rock Bodies
in North Carolina A-174
Figure A-44. Geographic Distribution by Counties of Asbestos,
Talc, and Soapstone in Western North Carolina A-175
Figure A-45. Geological Map of North Dakota A-181
Figure A-46. Occurrence of Igneous Rock in Oklahoma A-186
Figure A-47. Detailed Map Showing Geological Features of
South Central Oklahoma A-187
Figure A-48. Geomorphic Regions of Oregon ..... A-192
Figure A-49. Asbestiform Mineral Occurrences in Oregon A-195
Figure A-50. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Pennsylvania .... A-198
Figure A-51. Detail Map Showing Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock
, in Southeastern Pennsylvania A-199
Figure A-52. Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in Rhode Island A-204
Figure A-53. Detailed Map of Metamorphic Rock in Rhode Island . . . A-205
Figure A-54. Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in South Carolina A-209
Figure A-55. Occurrence of Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone in
South Carolina A-210
Figure A-56. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in
South Dakota A-221
Figure A-57. Geological Features of the Black Hills Area of
South Dakota A-222
Figure A-58. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Tennessee A-228
Figure A-59. Metamorphic Rock Distribution in Eastern Tennessee . . A-229
Figure A-60. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in
Texas A-232
Figure A-61. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in Utah . . A-237
Figure A-62. Mineral Operations in Salt Lake County, Utah A-238
viii
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LIST OF FIGURES
(Continued)
Page
Figure A-63. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Vermont A-247
Figure A-64. Occurrence of Chrysotile, Talc, and Soapstone
in Vermont A-248
Figure A-65. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Virginia A-253
Figure A-66. The Occurrence of Amphibolc Asbestiform Minerals,
Talc, and Soapstone Within the Metamorphic Rock
Bodies of Virginia A-254
Figure A-67. Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in Washington A-262
Figure A-68. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in West Virginia. . . . A-270
Figure A-69. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Wisconsin A-273
Figure A-70. Geological Map of Wyoming A-279
Figure A-71. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in
Wyoming A-280
ix
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table A- 1.
Table A- 2.
Table A- 3.
Table A- 4.
Table A- 5.
Table A- 6.
Table A- 7.
Teble A- 8.
Table A- 9.
Table A-10.
Table A-ll»
Table A-12.
Table A-13.
Table A-14.
Table A-15.
T -le A-16.
TfVe A-17.
Te' le A-18.
Table A-19.
Table A-20.
Specific Sites Having Possible Asbestos Emissions
Filter Designation and Air Sample Volumes
Meteorological Observations
The Occurrence of Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone
in Alabama (From USGS MR-17 and MR-31) ....
Principal Mineral Producers in Alabama
Mineral Production in Alaska
Principal Mineral Producers in Alaska
Value of Mineral Production in Arizona,
Value of Mineral Production in Arkansas,
by County
Principal Mineral Producers in Arkansas
Value of Mineral Production in Colorado,
Principal Mineral Producers in Delaware ....
Value of Mineral Production in Florida,
by county
Counties of Northern Georgia of Primary
The Occurrence of Asbestos in Georgia
The Occurrence of Talc and Soapstone in Georgia.
Hawaiian Minerals
4
17
23
35
36
37
39
A- 2
A- 6
A-10
A-ll
A-18
A-19
A-23
A-30
A-31
A-36
A-40
A-46
A-47
A-49
A-53
A-54
A-58
A-59
A-60
A -64
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Table A-21.
Table A-22.
Table A-23.
Table A-24.
Table A-25.
Table A-26.
Table A-27.
Table A-28.
Table A-29.
Table A-30.
Table A-31.
Table A-32.
Table A-33.
Table A-34.
Table A-35.
Table A-36.
Table A-37.
Table A-38.
Table A-39.
Table A-40.
Table A-41.
Table A-42.
Table A-43.
Table A-44.
Table A-45.
Table A-46.
Table A-47.
Table A-48.
Table A-49.
Table A-50.
Table A-51.
LIST OF TABLES
Principal Mineral Producers in Hawaii ....
Value of Mineral Production in Idaho,
by County
Mining Activity in Idaho
Value of Mineral Production in Illinois . . .
Value of Mineral Production in Indiana. . . .
Value of Mineral Production in Iowa
Value of Mineral Production in Kansas ....
Value of Mineral Production in Kentucky .
Value of Mineral Production in Louisiana. . .
Occurrences of Asbestos and Talc in Maine . .
Mineral Proudction in Maine
Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone Deposits
in Maryland
Mining Activity in Maryland
Occurrences of Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone
in Massachusetts.
Mining Activity in Massachusetts
Value of Mineral Production in Michigan . .
Principal Mineral Producers in Minnesota. .
Value of Mineral Production in Minnesota. .
Value of Mineral Production in Mississippi.
Value of Mineral Production in Missouri. .
Principal Mineral Producers in Missouri. .
The Occurrence of Asbestos and Talc
in Montana
Principal Mineral Producers in Montana. . .
Principal Mineral Producers in Nebraska . ,
Value of Mineral Production in Nevada . . .
Nevada Talc Occurrence
Principal Mineral Producers in Nevada . . .
Soapstone Deposits in%New Hampshire ....
Current Quarrying Activities in New Hampshire
Quarrying Activity in New Jersey
Value of Mineral Production in New Mexico .
xi
A-66
A-71
A-71
A-75
A-78
A-S1
A-84
A-89
A-91
A-94
A-95
A-99
A-100
A-105
A-106
A-110
A-113
A-120
A-124
A-129
A-130
A-137
A-138
A-142
A-147
A-147
A-149
A-151
A-153
A-156
A-161
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table A-52.
Table A-53.
Table A-54.
Table A-55.
Table A-56.
Table A-57.
Table A-58.
Table A-59
Table A-60.
Table A-61.
Table A-62.
Table A- 63.
Table A-64.
Table A-65.
Table A-66.
Table A-67.
Table A-68.
Table A-69.
Table A-70.
Table A-71.
Table A-72.
lable A-73.
Table A- 74.
.able A-75.
Table A-76.
Table A-77.
Table A-78.
Table A-79.
Principal Mineral Producers in New Mexico . . .
Occurrence of Asbestos and Talc in New York . .
The Occurrence of Asbestos by County in
The Occurrence of Talc and Soapstone by Latitude
and Longitude in Western North Carolina . . .
Value of Mineral Production in North Dakota .
Value of Mineral Production in Oklahoma ....
Principal Mineral Producers in Oklahoma. . . .
Asbestos, Olivine, Serpentine, and Diopside
Occurrence of Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone
Principal Minerals Produced in Pennsylvania .
Occurrences of Asbestos and Talc in Rhode Island
Mining Operations in Rhode Island ...
Mineral Producing Activities in Amphibolite
Formations in South Carolina
Mineral Producing Activities in Metamorphosed
Zones of South Carolina ..
Occurrence of Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone . . .
Value of Mineral Production in South Carolina . .
Principal Mineral Producers in South Carolina . .
Value of Mineral Production in South Dakota . . .
Principal Mineral Producers of South Dakota . . .
Value of Mineral Production in Tennessee
Principal Mineral Production in Asbestiform
Areas of Texas
Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone Occurrences
in Texas
Mineral Commodities and Operators, Salt Lake
A-162
A-168
A-171
A-176
A-177
A-178
A-182
A-184
A-188
A-189
A-194
A-195
A-196
A -2 00
A-202
A -20 6
A-206
A -2 08
A-213
A-216
A-217
A-218
A-225
A-226
A-230
A-231
A-233
A-239
Xll
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
Table A-80.
Table A-81.
Table A-82.
Table A-83.
Table A-84.
Table A-85.
Table A-86.
Table A-87.
Table A-88.
Table A-89.
Table A-90.
Table A-91.
Table A-92.
Table A-93.
Table A-94.
LIST OF TABLES
Utah Mineral Commodities and Producers. . . .
Asbestos and Talc Deposits in Vermont ....
Vermont Mineral Producers
Occurrence of Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone
in Virginia
Mineral Production by Counties in Virginia. .
Value of Mineral Production in Washington . .
Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in Washington . .
Principal Mineral Producers in Washington . .
Value of Mineral Production in West Virginia.
Value of Mineral Production in Wisconsin. . .
Principal Mineral Producers in Wisconsin. . .
Asbestos Occurrences in Wyoming
Talc and Soapstone Occurrences in Wyoming. .
Mineral Production in Wyoming
Principal Mineral Producers in Wyoming . . .
Page
A-243
A-249
A-250
A-255
A-256
A-261
A-2 63
A-267
A-271
A-275
A-276
A-281
A-283
A-284
A-285
Xlll
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OBJECTIVE
The objective of this task is threefold:
1. To identify mining operations that involve ore
or gangue containing asbestos as an accessor
mineral.
2. To estimate emissions to the air of asbestos from
sources identified above.
3. To collect and analyze ambient air samples in
the vicinity of the two sources identified above
that have the probable most serious environmental
consequence.
Each of these objectives parallels one of the first three subtasks as
identified in EPA Task Order 24 dated October 19, 1973.
APPROACH
Battelle-Columbus1 approach to identifying ore and gangue mining
operations that utilize material containing asbestos as an accessory
mineral was to assemble and review available geological literature.
One of the prime literature sources to be utilized in this task was
information obtained from state geologists. Other information
sources included Federal sources and miscellaneous published literature.
This information was assembled and reviewed to identify mining areas
where the ore is known to contain significant amounts of asbestos.
Once the areas where ore contains significant quantities of
asbestos were identified, Battelle proceeded to identify and quantify
the type and scale of mining operations being conducted in those areas.
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Sixteen specific large-scale mining operations were identified and treated
on an individual basis. For the 16 specific large-scale mining operations,
the following were estimated or determined
• annual volume of ore handled
• asbestos content of ore
• type of operations conducted
• type of air pollution-control equipment
• population distribution within vicinity of the source.
Using this data, and with the concurrence of the Project Officer,
two sources of the "most probable serious environmental consequence" were
selected. Short-term sampling and analysis programs were conducted to
better quantify emissions from the two sources having most probable
serious environmental consequence. These sampling programs involved
ambient high- volume sampling of air in the vicinity of the mining
operations. Analyses of the ambient air samples for asbestos were con-
ducted by Battelle-Columbus.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The literature indicated that asbestos is present as an accessory
mineral in significant quantity in ores mined in many areas of the United
States and much mining activity occurs in these areas. The limited sampling
and analysis done during this study did not support the hypotheses that
a health hazard exists. A health hazard is defined as the exposure of
populations to significant asbestos concentrations in the air. Based on
the very limited sampling conducted for this program, it was found that
persons living in the vicinity of two large mining operations working
asbestos-containing ore were not exposed to asbestos concentrations above
:hose frequently encountered in ambient air. The maximum concentration
3
determined was 0.009 [ig/m (based on 24-hour sample), whereas concentrations
of 0.001 to 0.01 have been encountered by Battelle-Columbus in other ambient
sampling programs.
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There is little question that the sampling and analytical work
conducted under this study was extremely limited in scope and resources.
Because of the serious health aspects of asbestos as an air pollutant,
it is recommended that a much broader sampling and analysis program be
conducted to establish if there is a problem and the extent of the
problem.
BACKGROUND INFORMATI™
Asbestiform Minerals of Interest
The term asbestos is a general name given to a number of minerals
having a fibrous form and is more related to the economic uses of the
*
material character. The fibrous mineral phases which are of primary con-
cern in this study are listed in Table 1. Each of these phases can
exhibit acicular-shaped grains. All except chrysotile belong to a
family of silicate minerals which are termed amphiboles. Chrysotile
belongs to the serpentine group of minerals, which includes the nonfibrous
polymorph phase antigorite.
Compositionally, the amphiboles are hydrous silicates of magnesium,
iron, calcium, sodium, and aluminum which in general crystallize in the
acicular form of fibrous crystals. Each member of the amphibole family
has in common the crystallographic property of excellent prismatic cleavage,
in which the cleavage surface make characteristic angles of 56 degrees and
124 degrees to each other. It is this cleavage which causes the mineral
to fragment into fibers. This property distinguishes the amphibole group
from all other minerals and is also the property which causes the amphi-
boles to fracture into the long, needlelike fibers observed during the
mining and processing of amphibole-bearing ores.
* A glossary of terms is included on pages 40 through 42.
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The amphiboles are generally considered in terms of five series.
These are (1) anthophyllite-gedrite, (2) cummingtonite-grunerite, (3)
tremolite-actinolite, (4) hornblende, and (5) soda amphibole. In the
anthophyllite series magnesium predominates over iron, while aluminum
can substitute for silicon and magnesium in the structure up to the
limit shown in gedrite. In the cummingtonite series, the ratio Fe:(Fe + Mg)
ranges from 1 to about 0.4. The iron-rich varieties of cummingtonite are
termed grunerite. Amosite is another name for fibrous grunerite. Here
there is some ambiguity in nomenclature as to the point where cumming-
tonite is sufficiently iron rich to be called grunerite or when grunerite
is sufficiently fibrous to be termed amosite. The tremolite-actinolite
series contains essential calcium in the structure. Tremolite refers to
the magnesium-rich variety and actinolite to the iron-rich variety.
TABLE 1. ERINCIPAL ASBESTIFORM MINERAL PHASES
Chrysotile Mg3 [Si-C^] (OH>4
Anthophyllite (Mg, Fe 2)? [SigO^] (OH,F>2; (Mg > Fe)
Gedrite (Mg, Fe+2)5 A12 [Si^O^] (QH,F>2
Cummingtonite (Mg, Fe+2)? [SigO^] (OH>2; (Fe > Mg)
Grunerite (Fe+2, Mg) [SigO^] (OH)2; (Fe » Mg)
Tremolite Ca (Mg) [Si 0 ] (OH).
L 4.5 ° 22 Z
Actinolite Ca2 (Fe+z, Mg)5 [Sig022]
Glaucophane Na (MgAl) [Si0] (OH)
2
Riebeckite Na2 (Fe3) [Sig022] (OH)2
-------
Hornblende, NaCa2 (Mg, Fe, Al) , [(Si, Al)g 022l(OH)2, has a wide range
of chemical compositions and a correspondingly wide range of physical
properties. Hornblende, though nearly ubiquitos in occurrence, is seldom
seen in a fibrous form and for this reason will not be dealt with at
any length in this study. The principal members of the soda amphiboles
are the magnesium-rich variety glaucophase and the iron-rich variety
riebeckite. Crocidolite is the term generally given to the fibrous
form of riebeckite.
Geologic Occurrence of Asbestiform Phases
To quantitatively assess the magnitude of fugitive asbestos
emissions in the mining industry, a necessary first step is to determine
how large a segment of the industry has asbestos as a gangue constituent
in the ore. In general, only the larger mining companies have detailed
knowledge of gangue mineralogy and, of these, only the more classic
examples of ore bodies are reported in the literature. Because of this
scarcity of data, it is necessary to predict the mining areas which are
most likely to have gangue asbestos from the geologic settings of the
areas. This is possible because chrysotile and the amphiboles occur
only under specific types of geologic conditions in the earth crust.
Knowing geographically where these favorable settings occur and the
coincidence of mining activity within these areas is a first step in
assessing the magnitude of the fugitive asbestos in the industry.
The geologic settings where the asbestiform phases given in
Table A occur are discussed below.
Chrysotile. Chrysotile asbestos is the fibrous polymorph of the
metamorphic mineral termed serpentine. Serpentine is really a group of
secondary minerals resulting from the alteration of magnesium-bearing
minerals, such as olivine (the most common source), enstatite, hornblende,
tremolite, and augite.
Serpentinite is the name applied to rock units which consist almost
entirely of minerals of the serpentine group, all of which are to be
ascribed to late- or post-magmatic hydrothermal alteration of pyroxen
-------
and olivine in the igneous rocks pyroxenite, peridotite, and dunite.
Most serpentinites are composed chiefly of the flaky serpentine mineral
antigorite. Antigorite forms when the rock is subjected to stresses,
while fibrous chrysotite is formed in unstressed rocks. All serpentinites
are soft and massive and are usually found in veins with any fibers
perpendicular to the walls of the veins.
The ultramafic (magnesium-iron rich) igneous rocks which lead
to the formation of chrysotile can occur as extensive peridotite and
serpentinite belts or as small intrusive plutons. A swarm of small
ultramafic bodies extend for 1600 miles along the Appalachian Mountains
from the Saint Lawrence estuary to North Carolina. Several hundred
individual lenses, rarely exceeding 100 yards, occur in North Carolina
alone. Similar swarms of ultramafic sills, sheets, and plugs of serpentinizec
peridotite, which invade the Franciscan sedimentary rocks, occur in the
coast range of California and Oregon. Figure 1 shows the geographic
location of these serpentinite belts. It is now recognized that serpentinite
belts and related rocks follow the flanks of most of the great mountain
chains and island arcs.
Anthophyllite-Gedrite. Anthophyllite and gedrite occur in a
wide range of rocks of igneous and metamorphic origin. Anthophyllite is
commonly developed, often with an asbestiform habit, during the regional
metamorphism of ultramafic (Mg-Fe rich) rocks. In these cases it is
associated with talc in anthophyllite-talc schists. Other modes include
its occurrence as rims surrounding orthopyroxenes subjected to metamorphic
activity, and as a hornfels constituent within the metamorphic aureoles
of intermediate intrusive. Anthophyllite is also characteristic of
siliceous magnesium marbles and many schistose rocks.
Anthophyllite is found in numerous small bodies in the Piedmont
Province of the southeastern U.S., especially in North Carolina and
Georgia. It also is known to occur in other localities of Pennsylvania
and Montana.
-------
FIGURE 1. SERPENTINITE BELTS OF NORTH AMERICA
(After H. H. Hess, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec., Paper 62)
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Cummingtonite-Grunerite. Gummingtonite and grunerite are virtually
confined to metamorphic rocks and are probably the least abundant of the
amphiboles. Members of this series generally occur in metamorphased iron
formations, but may also occur in middle grades of metamorphased mafic
igneous rocks.
Cummingtonite is a characteristic mineral in schists at the
Homestake Mine in South Dakota and is a characteristic mineral of hornfels
at several localities in California. Grunerite is a characteristic mineral
of metamorphased iron-rich siliceous sediments and is very prominent in
some of the iron ores of the Lake Superior region, notably the magnetite
ores of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.
Tremolite-Actinolite. Tremolite and actinolite are essentially
metamorphic minerals and occur in contact metamorphic deposits, in
schists and gneisses, and in metamorphic limestones. They are also found
as a replacement of pyroxene in igneous rocks. Tremolite is probably
the most common fibrous amphibole and is most characteristic of metamorphased
dolomitic limestone, while actinolite occurs in rocks richer in iron.
Tremolite can occur in calcium-rich gneisses. These rocks fre-
quently consist of two or three mineral combinations as diopside-tremolite
or diopside-phlogophite-tremolite, or grossularite-diopside-wollastonite.
The calcium-rich gneisses generally result from the contact and regional
metamorphism of limestones and dolomites containing large amounts of sand
and clay. In some cases the injection of limestones and dolomite by
granitic material may result in the development of calcium gneisses.
Examples of calcium-rich gneisses are reported from the North Conway
quadrangle of the White Mountains, New Hampshire, and in the Littleton-
Moosilauke and Mount Washington areas, New Hampshire.
Marbles often contain tremolite and are formed either by contact
or regional metamorphism of carbonate rocks. Usually tremolite occurs in
marbles subjected to higher temperatures of formation. Although marbles
are composed chiefly of carbonate minerals, minor and variable silicates
as accessories are always present. In magnesium limestone there is a
large development of tremolite and olivine. Silicates and other
accessories may be concentrated in thin streaks or bands or in granular
-------
to radial aggregates. Olivine may alter to chrysotile and form a network
of veinlets.
Tremolite and actinolite may also occur in skarns. These are
rocks occurring in the lime-silicate zone at the junction between marbles
and plutonic rocks. Often these rocks will be nearly monomineralic in
tremolite.
Actinolite commonly occurs in certain low-grade schists. In
many cases it is the chief constituent of green-colored schists and
greenstones. Schists of low-grade metamorphism are mostly confined to
the outer and upper zones of areas affected by regional metamorphism.
Actinolite and tremolite can also occur in greenschists, which are formed
by low-grade regional metamorphism from mafic and ultramafic igneous
rocks. Frequently the actinolite of such rocks has had its origin in
the pyroxene contained in the igneous rocks from which the metamorphic
type has been derived. Actinolite sometimes occurs in parallel inter-
growths with hornblende, or in crystals sharply rimmed by hornblende.
The asbestos form of actinolite has been found in the metamorphic
rocks in various states along the Appalachian Mountains. Occurrences
are at Bare Hills, Maryland, Franklin, New Jersey, Delaware, and Chester
counties, Pennsylvania, Chester, Massachusetts, and Windham, Vermont.
Glaucophane-Riebeckite. Glaucophane and members of this sodic
variety of amphiboles are not very common and largely confined to low-
and medium-grade metamorphic rocks, as schists and gneisses. Glaucophane-
bearing rocks are usually located in folded geosynclinal terrains and
are commonly associated with greenschists and epidote amphibolites.
In the Coast Range of California and elsewhere, glaucophane
schists, occur in localized areas together with narrow layers or sills
of serpentinite within the sedimentary formations. The Coast Range
formation is an altered series of typical geosynclinal sedimentary rocks.
Outcrops of glaucophane schists within the formation are generally
irregular and discontinuous. Glaucophane schists are metamorphically
derived from rocks of diverse composition, such as basalts, diabase,
calcareous sedimentary rocks, graywacke, sandstone, and iron-rich
chert.
-------
10
Riebeckite is found both in metamorphic and igneous rocks. In
the latter it occurs especially in soda-rich granites, rhyolites,
granitic pegmalites, syenites, nepheline syenites, and trachytes.
Riebeckite is found in a few low-grade regionally metamorphased schist
and has been reported in rocks of the Green River oil shale formation
of northeast Utah. The transformation of riebeckite to fibrous
crocidolite is thought to result from the instability of the massive
riebeckite during periods of shearing stress. Crocidolite has been
noted in metamorphased iron formation,,
-------
11
Geographic Distribution of Areas Likely to Contain Asbestiform Minerals
The geologic environments or settings in which asbestifonn
minerals tend to occur were discussed above for each mineral subgroup of
interest. It is apparent from the discussion that chrysotile and the
amphiboles occur only in metamorphic and igneous rock terrains or in
weathered sediments in close proximity to these rock types. This fact
narrows considerably the geographic areas of the U.S. which need be of
concern in a fugitive asbestos study. Areas underlain largely by sedi-
mentary rocks, as sandstone, shale, and limestone, are very unlikely to
have asbestifonn occurrences and thus any mining activity taking place
within these areas should not be considered suspect. Mining activity
carried out within metamorphic or igneous rock terrains, however, should
be considered as potential sources of fugitive asbestos until the ore has
been mineralogically examined. Of the two types of terrains, metamorphic
rocks appear to be much more likely sources of asbestos than igneous rocks.
For this reason, mining sites within metamorphic rock terrains should
receive greatest attention in determining fugitive asbestos emissions.
Probably 30 to 40 percent of the continental U.S. is immediately
underlain by metamorphic or igneous rock types. Within these areas the
original sedimentary-type rocks have generally either been intruded by
molten igneous rocks or have been compressed and buckled by large-scale
crustal movements. When molten igneous rock is emplaced within sedimentary
rock, the high temperatures and solutions produced convert or metamorphose
the normal mineralogy of the sedimentary rock to another assemblage of
minerals, ones often containing asbestiform phases. The igneous rock
itself, depending on composition and other environmental factors, may
also crystallize asbestiform phases directly or may later alter to
asbestiform phases.
Sedimentary rocks which have been deeply buried within the
crust or which have been subjected to high compressional forces within
the crust are often converted to metamorphic rocks. Here the original
mineralogy is converted to a secondary mineral assemblage, the nature of
which depends on rock chemistry, temperature, and pressure.
-------
12
To the first approximation, those areas of the U.S. which
contain igneous or metamorphic rocks are fairly well known. Figure 2
shows the geographic distribution of these areas and compiles in-
formation gathered from the various literature sources reviewed in this
study. In the eastern states, the large northeast trending area con-
taining igneous and metamorphic rocks corresponds with the Appalachian
Mountain Province. In the western states, these areas also correspond
with areas of large-scale crustal movement which resulted in igneous
intrusions and mountain building. Figure 2 shows specific localities
where high concentrations of asbestiform phases have been observed in
the underlying bedrock. These sites correspond perfectly with the
igneous-metamorphic terrains shown in Figure 3.
Areas of the U.S. containing igneous and metamorphic rocks
are dealt with in some detail in Appendix A. Here there is a state-
by-state treatment of suspect areas and a discussion of mining activity
within those areas.
Figure 4 shows the population density of the U.S., by county,
as of 1970. A comparison of this figure with Figure 3 indicates those
portions of the U.S. having a high population density and also having
a high potential for fugitive asbestos emissions. The most critical
areas appear to be in eastern Pennsylvania, southeastern New York,
southwestern Connecticut, the San Francisco area, and the Los Angeles
area. Fortunately, there is little in the way of heavy mining in
these areas. Most mining is confined to small underground mines or
small quarries.
In most cases areas containing igneous or metamorphic ropk -
which do support heavy mining activity tend to be sparsely populated.
-------
Areas containing high concentrations of
asbestiform minerals
FIGURE 2 . SPECIFIC SITES C017TAI1IING KICK COi.CElTRATIONS OF ASIESTIFORM PHASES
-------
Areas of the U.S. which may
contain natural occurrences of
asbestiform minerals in bedrock
(areas containing igneous or
metomorphic rocks)
-------
.
FIGURE 4. THE UNITED STATES - 1970 POPULATION DENSITY BY COUNTY
-------
16
APPROACH AND RESULTS
Occurrence of Asbestiform Minerals in Ores
An attempt was made in this study to mineralogically characterize
as many ore bodies as possible within the given time framework. This was
done by contacting state and federal geologic agency personnel, by re-
viewing agency publications, and by reviewing appropriate mining journals
for mention of asbestiform occurrences. In general, most available lite-
rature deals only with the ores minerals and their occurrences through-
out the deposits. Table 2 gives those mining districts or mines reviewed
and lists whether or not references were found to indicate the presence
of asbestos in the ore. Of the 58 mining localities cited, 16 were
indicated to have some form of asbestiform minerals present as gangue in
the ore. Each of these is within the igneous-metamorphic suspect areas
given in Figure 3.
The 42 localities for which there was no indication of the
occurrence of asbestiform minerals are not excluded as possible sources
of asbestiform minerals. However, they were excluded from further con-
sideration due to lack of specific information showing the occurrence
of asbestiform minerals.
A discussion of the 16 localities where asbestiform minerals are
known to occur follows.
Menominee District, Central Dickinson County, Michigan, The
Groveland Mine. Iron ore occurs in a long, narrow syncline containing
metamorphased sedimentary formations. The sedimentary sequence dips
steeply and is in unconformable or fault contact with granite or with
foliated granitic gneiss that contains layers of amphibolite. It is
moderately coarse grained, consisting mainly of hematite, magnetite,
quartz, tremolite-actinolite, cummingtonite. diopside, garnet, and
carbonate.
* Possible asbestos emission sources considered in this study generally
were limited to large mining districts. Small mining operations
(quarry sand and gravel operations, etc.) in possible areas of
asbestiform minerals were not considered in detail.
-------
17
TABLE 2 . SPECIFIC MINING DISTRICTS INVESTIGATED
Asbestiform Phases Known
To Be Present in Ore
No. Mining District and State Yes No
1 Birmingham Iron Ore District, Alabama X
2 Monument Valley Uranium Area, Arizona-Utah X
3 Banner Copper-Silver-Lead-Zinc Mining District,
Arizona X
4 Iron King Gold-Base Metal Mine, Arizona X
5 Mineral Park Copper-Molybdenum District, Arizona X
6 Magma Copper Mine, Arizona X
7 Bagdad Copper Mine, Arizona X
8 Bishop Tungsten District, California X
9 Cordera Mercury Mine, Opalite Mining District,
California X
10 New Idria Mercury Mining District, California X
11 Climax Molybdenite Mine, Colorado X
12 Oilman Base Metal District, Colorado X
13 Leadville Base Metal-Precious Metal District,
Colorado X
14 Colorado Plateau Region Uranium-Vanadium Deposits X
15 Grants Region Uranium Deposits, Colorado X
16 Uravan Uranium-Vanadium Mineral Belt, Colorado X
17 Coeur d'Alene Base Metal District, Idaho X
18 IIlinois-Kentucky Fluorite-Zinc-Lead Mining District X
19 Northern Michigan Native Copper Deposits X
20 Marquette Iron Ore District, Michigan X
21 Menomince Iron Ore District, Michigan X
22 Southeast Missouri Lead District X
23 Pea Ridge Iron Ore Body, Missouri X
24 Tri-State Lead-Zinc Deposits of Missouri, Kansas,
and Oklahoma X
25 Butte Copper Mine, Montana X
26 Carlin Gold Mine, Nevada X
27 Eureka Mining District, Nevada X
28 Mountain City Copper Mine, Nevada X
29 Pioche District, Nevada X
30 Gabb£ Magnesite-Brucite Deposit, Nevada X
31 Central Base Metal Mining District, New Mexico X
32 Questa Molybdenum Mine, New Mexico X
33 Balmat-Edwards District Zinc Deposits, New York X
34 Benson Mines Iron Ore Deposit, St. Lawrence, New York X
35 Sanford Lake Titanium Ores, New York X
36 Nickel Mountain Mine, Oregon X
37 Cornwall Iron Ore Deposit, Pennsylvania X
38 Friedensville Zinc Mine, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania X
39 Grace Mine Magnetite Deposit, Berks County,
Pennsylvania X
-------
18
TABLE 2 . (Cont)
No.
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
Mining District and State
Black Hills Uranium Deposits, South Dakota
Homestake Gold Mine, South Dakota
Ducktown Copper- Lead- Zinc District, Tennessee
Mascot- Jefferson City Zinc District, Tennessee
Lisbon Valley Area Uranium Deposits, Utah
Bingham Copper District, Utah
East Tintic Copper Mining District, Utah
Iron Springs Iron Ore District, Utah
Marysvale Uranium Mine, Utah
Main Tintic Mining District, Utah
Park City Gold Mining District, Utah
Spor Mountain Beryllium District, Utah
Austinville-Ivanhoe Lead-Zinc District, Virginia
Metal ine Lead- Zinc District, Washington
Republic Gold Mining District, Washington
Van Stone Lead- Zinc Mine Area, Washington
Powder River Basin Uranium Deposits, Wyoming
Shirley Basin Uranium Deposits, Wyoming
Atlantic City Iron Ore District, Wyoming
Asbestiform Phases
Present in Ore
Yes No
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-------
19
Central Mining District. Grant County, New Mexico. Here lime-
stone, dolomite, shale, and sandstone units are faulted and intruded by
sills, laccoliths, plugs, stocks, and dikes, and in part covered by
volcanic breccia. Around the margins of one stock the folded limestone
and dolomite was massively replaced by tabular bodies of magnetite and
sphalerite. Gangue minerals identified are quartz, serpentine, magnesite,
idocrase, augite, wollastonite, talc, tremolite, biotite, actinolite,
epidole, and hedenbergite.
Van Stone Mine Area, Stevens County, Washington. The Van Stone
Mine occurs along a steeply S-shaped fold lying between an igneous intrusive
on the west and a fault on the southwest. The host rocks are dolomites.
Jasperoid and tremolite are common alteration minerals. The ore minerals,
galena, jamesonite, and sphalerite, occur in bunches intergrown with
tremolite and jasperiod.
New Idria Mercury Mining Deposit. California. This is a hydro-
thermal deposit of cannabar, pyrite, and marcasite occurring in country
rock of sandstone, shales, greywackes, and serpentinites. The ore is in
veins and stockworks that fill late fractures in the country rock.
Biahop Tungsten District, Inyo County, California. Country rock
around deposit consists of a series of tightly folded metasedimentary and
metavolcanic rock remnants surrounded by exposed plutons ranging in composition
from hornblende gabbro to alaskite. The ore bodies of the Bishop district
consist of scheelite-bearing tactite formed by the replacement of calcareous
rock along the contact with an acidic granitic intrusive. The Pine Creek
mine is located along a quartz monzonite contact with a large marble bed.
A large breccia zone exits near, and partly in, some northern portion of
the ore body. This zone is generally avoided during mining. Included with
the breccias are small porous masses consisting of stilbite, clinozosite,
actinolite, phlogopite, and calcite.
Cornwall Iron Ore Deposit (Bethlehem Steel Corporation), Pennsylvania.
The ore consists of magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and hematite, in order
of abundance. The major gangue minerals associated are actinolite and
chlorite. Actinolite is almost universally associated with the magnetite
ore. It occurs in slender prisms or needles. The deposit is a limestone
replacement above a diabase sheet. Thermal, metamorphism of carbonate-
bearing country rocks largely to calc-silicates, is ubiquitous. The
associated magnetite-actinolite mineralization replaces all earlier
metamorphic minerals.
-------
20
Grace Mine Magnetite Deposit, Berks County, Pennsylvania. Here
magnetite is the major ore mineral; pyrite and chalcopyrite are accessories.
Serpentine, talc, and chlorite are the major gangue minerals, tremolite is
present locally. Typically the ore consists of magnetite in a matrix of
serpentine. The ore has replaced a Cambrian limestone lens isolated
between a diabase footwall and a sedimentary rock hanging wall.
Atlantic City Iron Ore District, Fremont County, Wyoming. A
sedimentary iron-formation, similar to the Lake Superior taconites, occurs
in the northern part of the district. Quartz and magnetite make up 90
percent of the rock, while amphibole (grunerite or actinolite). chlorite,
and garnet are sparingly present. The iron formation is very fine grained.
Ducktown District Base Metal Deposits, Tennessee. Here massive
sulfide ore bodies occur in highly folded metamorphic and sedimentary rock.
The ore deposits are tabular bodies that have been extensively folded. The
deposits are composed principally of pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite,
sphalerite, and magnetite. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, actinolite.
tremolite, hornblende, garnet, and mica. Lenses are about 100 ft in width
and generally conformable with enclosing graywacke and schist.
Iron Mountain Mine, Missouri. The ore minerals occur principally
as open-space fillings in fractured and brecciated andesite porphyry.
The enclosing rocks consist of a series of dacite, rhyolite, and andesite
flows. All the ore is in the andesite. One of the two main ore bodies
is crudely dome shaped, the other shaped like an elongated lense. Hematite
is the main ore mineral, magnetite is subordinate. Important gangue
minerals are andradite, quartz, calcite, actinolite. apatite, epidote,
and chlorite.
Homestake Gold Mine. South Dakota. The Homestake Mine ore body
occurs as a pipe-like replacement of an iron-magnesium carbonate rock unit
along zones of cross-folding. Minerals present include pyrrhotite, pyrite,
arsenopyrite, ankerite, c umming t on it e. sideroplesite, biotite, garnet,
-------
21
albite, calcite, sericite, fluorite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite,
hematite, and gypsum.
Balmat-Edwards Lead-Zinc District. New York. The ores consist
of sulfides, predominately sphalerite, pyrite, and accessory galena. The
gangue is dolomitic crystalline limestone, highly silicated, so that the
principal gangue minerals are diopside, tremolite. quartz, serpentine,
and talc. Ore deposits are contained within marbles of the Precambrian
Grenville series. .The district lies within the northeast-striking belt
of Grenville lowlands and is underlain largely by highly deformed Pre-
cambrian metasediments. Tremolite occurs as a tremolite schist.
Banner Mining District. Christmas Mine, Arizona. The deposit
was formed by the intrusion of igneous rocks into folded and faulted
sedimentary rocks. Contact metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration
resulted in the deposition of ore minerals and also in the formation of
amphibole phases. The ore deposit occurs in the form of veins and
veinlet pipes, irregular massive replacements, and bedded replacements.
Some clays, serpentine, and chlorite, resulting from hydrothermal alteration,
are present near the intrusive contact. Within a replacement ore body
of a limestone series, the gangue minerals are garnet, marble, clays,
chlorite, diopside, and tremolite. In the deeper levels of the Christmas
mine limestones and dolomites are extensively replaced by anhydrite and
antigorite. These alteration products are interbedded with layers and
lenses of other gangue minerals which include chondrodite, diopside,
tremolite, actinolite, sericite, and chlorite.
-------
22
Selection of Sources for Field Sampling
In an effort to identify the two sites for the ambient
sampling program (those sites showing the greatest environmental impact),
available information was tabulated in Table 3. This information in-
cluded estimated production rates, asbestos content of ore and asbestos
type, and population distribution near the plant. An effort has been
made to learn more about operations and control equipment at the 16
sites listed in Table 3 by contacting local air pollution authorities.
Summaries of what was learned in these contacts is tabulated under
"Comments" in Table 3.
Considering the potential asbestos emissions and the population
within the vicinity of the plant, the list of sites most attractive for
sampling were
(1) Cornwall Mine, Cornwall, Pa. (if operating)
(2) Grace Mine, Berks County, Pa.
(3) Charman Plant, Adams Co., Pa.
(4) Balmat-Edwards, St. Lawrence Co., N.Y.
It was subsequently confirmed that the Cornwall Mine was not operating at
this time.
On March 7 the Project Officer met with Battelle-Columbus staff
to discuss the above data on candidate sampling sites and to choose two
sites for the field sampling program. The Grace Mine and the Charman
Plant were selected as the two sites to be sampled.
Field Sampling at Two Sites
Sampling was conducted at the Grace Mine between March 16 and 21,
1974, and at the Charman Plant between March 25 and 29, 1974. Samples
were collected at six sampling stations for each of several 24-hour
periods at each mine site. Sampling stations were selected to surround
the mining site with the largest number of stations in the prevailing
downwind direction. All stations were between 0.5 and 2.0 miles from
the plant site.
-------
TABLE 3. SPECIFIC SITES HAVING POSSIBLE ASBESTOS EMISSIONS
Estimated Population In Vicinity
Fo tent 111 Sit*
Grace Mint
Bethlehea Steel Corp.
Berk* Co.. P*
Ch*rman Flint
CAT Corp, Indui. Prod. Dl»,
Adaa* Co., P*
Atlantic City Dtltrlct
U.S. Steel Corp
Fremont Co. , Wy
Copperhlll Operation*
Cltlei Service Co
Copperhlll, lenn.
The Home stake Mine
Rooestake Mining Co
Lewrence Co. , S. D.
Balmat-Edvards Dlltrlct
St. Joieph Lead Co.
St. Livrence Co., N.T.
Christmas Mine
Iniplritlon Coniol.
Copper Co.
Clli Co., ArU.
Iron Mount* In Mine
The Hinn* Mining Co.
Iron Co., Mo.
Activity
Iron ore mine.
underground
Roofing
granule*
open pit
Iron ore
open pit
Iron sulflde
copper aulflde
«lnc aulflde
Cold nine
underground
Lead-tine
•Ine under-
ground
Porphry Co.
Mine, open
pit
Iron ore
underground
Eatlmated Albeito* Co. Avenge Nearby Cltlei
Production Content of Ore P/aq. «l. (within 15 mint
1.740.000
tpy ore
100,000 to
1,000,000
tpy
1,550.000
tpy ore
10.000 to
100,000 tpy
underground
7,000,000
tpy
600,000
tpy
1,800,000
tpy
1.900,000
tpy
. 51 >250
(serpent Ine-
treoollte)
51 50-250
(aetabaailt)
51 < 10
(grunerlre-
•ctlnollte)
101 10-50
(actlnollte-
tremollte)
(duit wet
•crubbed)
10X 10-50
(cunnlngtonlte)
251 10-50
(tremollte-
eerpentlne)
101 < 10
(tremollte-
•ctlnoltte)
51 10-50
(•ctlnollte)
Reading
Pottatown
Blrdsboro
Adams town
lerre Hill
New Holland
Coateavllle
Phoenlxvllle
Wayneaboro
Hagerstovn. Mo
Gettysburg
Atlantic City
South Pan City
Ducktown
Copperhlll
McCayavllle, Ga
Blue Ridge, C*
Lead
Deadwood
Spearf lah
Sturgla
Couverneur
Blloilt
Emeryville
Fowler
Globe
Miami
Superior
Ironton
Blsmark
Iron Htn
Granlteville
93.000
26,000
3,000
1.000
1.000
3.000
13,000
14,000
10.000
36,000
8,000
< 500
<1000
740
630
1.800
1,400
6,200
3,000
3,700
4,600
5,000
< 1.000
< 1,000
< 1,000
6,300
3.300
4,900
1,300
1.200
300
400
No fugitive dust problem but a continuing partlculate problem with
benefaction and upgrading operation. They have cyclone collectors,
but these are inadequate. The emissions from the material piles
are estimated to be small compared to stack emissions.
An extensive operation In a remote area. Putting In vet spriyi
for their crushing and screening operation! and Instill • baghouie
for their drying operations. They have a dust problem now, but
are working on It.
They do crushing at the site throughout the year. There Is no record
of control equipment. No complilnts had been lodged against th* coir'
pany.
This la an underground nine with primary crushing done underground.
When ore arrives at surface for additional crushing and processing, It
Is dampened and the moisture la retained throughout the processing
St. Joseph Lead Is not considered to be a problem is there have been
no coop la Intl. The operation Is mostly Inside with no open piles.
They hive cyclones and baghousei and are upgrading their controls.
Personal observations during • visit to the lite Included observation*
of a light haze over the open pit copper nine, a large tailings pile
which could be a dust problem In windy weather and the visible emissions
from the tall smelter stack.
The law saya that water scrubber* should be placed where possible
(e.g., on crushers) to reduce dust, but they are not always working.
Two uncontrolled sources of dust are the stockpile and a mountain of
waste miterlal. Soue of the latter la returned to the nine.
-------
TABLE 3, (Continued)
Potential Site
Eltla*ted
E*ttutted Asbestos
Population In Vicinity
Activity
Comment
Mountain Pass Area
Molybdenum Corp of Aa
San Bemad Ino. Cal
Idrla Mine
New Idrla Mining a
Chen. Co.
San Ben I to Co., Cal
Bishop Tungsten District
Pine Creek Mine
In Ion Carbide Corp
Inya Co., Cal
few A leaden District
New Idrla Mining and
*»L_ .»_
Cnea. Co.
Santa Clara Co., Cal
Crushed Marble Quarry
I'nlverssl Marble
Products Corp
Westchetter Co. H.Y.
Marble Quarry
Vermont Marble Co
Portland Co., Vt
Frostbite Mine
Windsor Minerals. Inc.
Windsor Co.. vt
Cornwall Nina
Cornwall. Pa
Lebanon, Co.
Rare earth* 400,000
deposit, tpy
open pit
Mercury deposit 100,000
under round and tpy
open pit
Tungsten Nina. 500,000-
underground 1.000.000
tpy
Mercury < 100,000
depoalt tpy
*
Crushed 7
marble
Marbla t
Quarry
Talc alne, 100.000-
opea pit 500,000
tpy
Iron aloe.
open pit
n
(croc Idol ita)
(151)
(serpentine)
0.5X
(actlnollte)
51
(serpentine)
21
(treaollte)
n
(treaollte)
51
(treaollte)
5-101
50-250 Mountain Pass
Ivanpah
Moore
Hip ton
10-50 Idrla
Hernandea
Panache
< 10 Bishop
>?30 8rn Jose
Campbell
Saratoga
Los Gatoa
Morgan Hill
>250 Osslnlng
Tsrrytowo
White Plains
Peeksklll
Norwalk, Conn
Stamford, Conn
Darlen, Conn
50-250 Proctor
Rutland
Brandon
W. Rutland
10-50 Windsor
Springfield
Lebanon, M.H.
Clareaont. H.H.
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
<1,000
250
T
3,000
310.000
23,000
15.000
9,000
4,000
?1,OQO
11,000
50,000
19,000
80,000
110,000
18,000
2,000
18,000
1,700
2,000
3,200
6,200
9,300
13,500
They consider the dust froa this operation to be well controlled. It
Is near the highway to Las Vegas and there are no coaplalnta. High wlm
at all months of the year are the principal probleas for keeping down
the dust In this desert area. The county requires water sprays on the
crushing operations. There are also several baghousea at this plant.
This Bin* Is no longer- operating.
This operation has cyclone scrubbers and there la not much dust. This
probably Is due to the ore being wet when It coats froa the aloe and
reaalnlng that way during processing.
This Bine Is now operating at only a low capacity.
•P>
•either the state nor the county knew of a quarry at this sit*. They
Identified that Universal Marble Products Corp. had facility In Thorn-
wood, but they had not Identified It as an air pollution problea.
.
Vermont Marble has three plants In this srea producing a ouaber of pro-
ducts Including craning to mike marble chips. Although considered
a dusty operation In the past, they have pot on control equipment.
More fugitive dust Is generated by loading operations, emptying bag-
houses , and movement over unpaved roads than froa winds blowing dust
froa the piles.
There are two plants here In e rural area. There la a scrubber and
they are putting In a baghousa. It Is not considered to be auch of
a problea.
All operation* have been discontinued at this slta.
-------
25
The sampling technique used was to collect ambient samples on
Millipore filters. An appropriate pump and dry-gas meter was used to
generate and measure the flow. Sample volumes were from about 40 to
3
50 m per day.
Sampling Networks. Figures 5 and 6 are segments of topographic
maps showing the sampling network location in the vicinity of the Grace
Mine and the Charman open-pit plant, respectively. The six sampling
sites at each location are indicated by solid black circles, and their
approximate location was as follows
Figures 7 through 15 are photographs of most of the sampling
sites. Figure 16 shows the Charman Plant.
Grace Mine (Figure 5):
A. Roof of Volunteer Friendship Fire Company on East Main Street
in Morgantown, 1 mile SSW of mine
B. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 2-3/4 miles
E of mine
C. Roof of Twin Rivers High School maintenance garage, 1-1/2
miles ESE of mine
D. American Legion Post No. 537, 16 feet above ground level,
1-3/4 miles ENE of mine
E. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 3/4 mile
NE of mine
F. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 2-1/2 miles NE
of mine.
Charman Plant (Figure 6):
G. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 1-1/2 miles
SSE of plant
H. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 1-3/8 miles
ESE of plant
I. Private property, garage roof, 1 /4 mile SE of plant
J. Private property, garage roof, 1/2 mile WSW of plant
K. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 1 mile SW of plant
L. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 5/8 mile NE of plant,
-------
FIGURE 5. ASBESTOS SAMPLING NETWORK LOCATIONS - GRACE MINE
-------
39
- .
•V/'/**J)''/.'/ft
^ym
FIGURE 6. ASBESTOS SAMPLING NETWORK LOCATIONS - CHARMAN PLANT
-------
28
Sampling Procedure. Filter samples were taken concurrently
at the six strategically located sites in the vicinity of each source.
The particulate samplers, shown schematically in Figure 17, were made
up special for this program. Each sampler contained a 1/4-hp carbon
vane Cast pump and a dry-gas meter with appropriate valves to provide a
3
desired sampling rate of approximately 1.7 m /hr. The equipment was housed
within a plywood shelter for protection. The filter holder was mounted
on a rod 16 feet above the shelter. Particulate was collected on 47 mm
Millipore filters with a pore size of 0.8 p, (Cat. No. AAWP-04700).
Sampling and Meteorological Data. Field sampling for asbestos
was initiated at the Grace Mine location on March 16, 1974, and continued
through March 21, 1974. The nonitoring period at the second location
(Charman Plant) was March 25 through March 29, 1974. A total of 50
samples were obtained from the two locations. Table 4 lists the samples
collected and the air volumes sampled for each sample.
A meteorological station was located near each source to record
wind speed and direction and temperature during the monitoring period.
The station at the Grace Mine facility was located at Site C, 1-1/2 miles
ESE of the mine. The station at the Charman Plant was located at Site L,
5/8 mil NE of the plant. Weather information obtained at Sites C and L
is summarized in Table 5 and 6, respectively.
Analysis of Samples. The exposed filters from the Grace Mine
were examined optically to select those filters with the largest quantity
of asbestos fibers. This examination revealed that large quantities of
fibrous material had been collected but the fiber size was too small to
permit identification of asbestos. Several filters with the highest fiber
content were selected for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses.
The TEM. analyses showed that most of the fibrous material collected on
the filters was organic and that asbestos levels were less than 0.01 ^g
Ambient samples from areas not expected to contain significant asbestos
* tenry, W. M. , Heffelfinger, R. E., Melton, C. W., and Kiefer, D. L.,
"Development of a Rapid Survey of Sampling and Analysis for Asbestos
in Ambient Air", Final Report on EPA Contract CPA-22-69-110,
February 29, 1972.
-------
29
FIGURE 7. SAMPLING SITE "A" (SAMPLER
LOCATED AT "X" ON ROOF)
FIGURE 8. SAMPLING SITE "C" (SAMPLER
LOCATED AT "X" ON ROOF)
-------
<
FIGURE 9. SAMPLING SITE "D" (SAMPLER
LOCATED AT "X")
FIGURE 10. SAMPLER AT SITE "G"
-------
FIGURE 11. SAMPLER AT SITE "H1
FIGURE 12. SAMPLER AT SITE "I1
-------
FIGURE 13. SAMPLER AT SITE "J"
FIGURE 14. SAMPLER AT SITE "K"
-------
33
FIGURE 15. SAMPLER AT SITE "L"
FIGURE 16. CHARMAN PLANT
-------
34
Millipore Filter
-n
Plywood Housing
Dry Test Meter
Air Tight Pump
16'
FIGURE 17 SAMPLING RIG
-------
35
TABLE 4. FILTER DESIGNATION AND AIR SAiMPLE VOLUMES
Sampling Period
Date Time
3/14/74
3/15
3/15
3/16
3/18
3/19
3/19
3/20
3/20
3/21
3/25
3/26
3/26
3/27
3/27
3/28
3/28
3/29
2:00 p.m.
4:30 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
5:15 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
9:15 a.m.
9:45 a.m.
9:15 a.m.
9:30 a.m.
9:45 a.m.
10:15 a.m.
10:00 a.m.
10:15 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
8:45 a.m.
8:00 a.m.
8:45 a.m.
8:00 a.m.
Sampling Sites
A
1
64.34
7
50.41
i ^.'
^.37
19
48.34
23
48.08
G
24
59.72
34
42.79
40
43.72
46
44.39
B
2
59.13
8
42.74
-
14
39.62
20
40.09
H
29
44.80
35
39.68
41
43.74
47
46.37
C
3
38.69
9
_.(b)
15
38.41
21
38.92
25
__(b)
I
30
46.52
36
44.43
42
44.58
48
43.67
D
4
42.97
10
_.(b)
16
37.60
22
41.55
26
43.33
J
31
46.64
37
44.10
43
44.58
49
46.04
E
— —
--
_1
"(°}
11
36. - 1
17
37.70
27
--
K
32
41.42
38
40.14
44
41.92
50
42.07
F
— —
--
6
__(b)
12
34.85
18
38.78
(c)
L
33
41.86
39
39.30
45
38.77
51
43.87
(a) Top number in each entry is filter designation; bottom number
is air volume sampled in m^.
ih) Flow stopped due to moisture increasing pressure drop.
i'c'i Pump failed, no sample.
-------
TABLE 5. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
(Grace Mine - Site C)
Sampling Period
Date Time
3/14/74
3/15/74
3/15/74
3/16/74
3/18/74
3/19/74
3/19/74
3/20/74
3/20/74
3/21/74
5:00 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
4:30 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
11:00 a.m.
9:00 a.m.
9:00 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
8:30 a.m.
11:00 a.m.
Wind Temper
5:00 p.m. - 12:00 noon, 5-10 mph from the NW 50
12:00 midnight - 4:00 p.m., calm (< 2 mph) from the SW
4:30 p.m. - 7:30 p.m., 8-10 mph from the S 50
8:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m., 10-15 mph from the SSE
11:00 a.m. - 11:00 p.m., 15-20 mph from the W 47
12:00 midnight - 9:00 a.m., 2-5 mph from the SW
9:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m., 3-10 mph from the SW 52
1:00 p.m. - 12:00 midnight, 7-10 mph from the NW
12:30 a.m. - 9:00 a.m., 3-5 mph from the N
9:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. ,5-10 mph from the N 49
3:00 p.m..- 12:00 midnight, 3-5 mph from the SSE
flt^ Precipitation
23 None
38 None. Heavy (steady
downpour) 2:00-9:00 p.m
32 None
29 Light snow flurries
30 None. Heavy (steady
downpour) 7:00 to ll:00an
1:00 a.m. - 11:00 a.m., 3-10 mph from the E
-------
TABLE 6. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
(Channan Plant - Site L)
Sampling
Date
3/25/74
3/26/74
3/26/74
to
3/27/74
3/27/74 to
3/28/74
3/28/74
to
3/29/74
Period
Timp ' tn .* Temperature _ . .. . .
line wind . r - Precipitation
nXfli* IjOW
11:30 a.m. 12:00 noon to 12:00 midnight, calm (< 2 mph) 36 16 None
11:30 a.m. 12:00 midnight to 11:00 a.m., 2 mph, from W
11:30 a.m. ' 57 26 None
10:00 a.m. 3-10 mph, from W
10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., 3-5 mph, f rom W 53 30 None
9:00 a.m. 9:00 p.m. to 9:00 a.m., 2-5 mph, from E
9:00 a.m.
9:00 a.m. 2-5 mph, from E 50 32 Trace
LO
-------
38
3
generally have asbestos levels of 0.001 to 0.01 pig/m . Hence, these
samples showed no excessive asbestos emissions in the vicinity of the
plant.
Because the presence of large quantities of organic fibers
precluded optical screening of filters, five additional filters (some
from each plant site) were selected for TEM analysis based on the
sampling site location and wind direction. These filters also showed
3
asbestos concentrations below 0.01 ^g/m . The asbestos concentration
in the.^air around the Grace Mine was in the range of 0.006 to 0.010
3
p,g/m ; concentrations around the Charman Plant were lower, 0.0002 to
0.0012 p-g/m3.
Hence, based on this very limited sampling program, it does
not appear that substantial populations surrounding mining sites where
asbestos is present as an accessory mineral are exposed to significant
asbestos concentrations in air.
Results of the analyses are tabulated in Table 7.
* Based on Battelle-Columbus' analyses of samples from the National Air
Sampling Network on EPA Contract 68-02-0230, Task 14.
** The precipitation encountered during sampling near the Grace Mine
may have reduced emissions from ore piles at the plant, but should
not have significantly influenced emissions from stacks or plant
sources. Thus, the precipitation probably had no major influence
on ambient asbestos levels.
-------
39
TABLE 7. ANALYSES OF FIELD SAMPLES
Sample Asbestos on Filter, Air Volume
Filter No. ubg/filter Sampled, m3
Selection Based
3
12
Selection Based
19
21
39
49
50
on Optical Examination
0.36
0.286
on Meteorological Data:
0.31
0.27
0.01
0.01
0.05
of Filters:
38.69
34.85
48.34
38.92
39.30
46.04
42.07
Asbestos Present
in Air, u/g/m3
0N. 00930
0.00821
0.00641
0.00694
0.00025
0.00022
0.00119
-------
40
GLOSSARY
Alaskite
Albite
Amosite
Andesite
Ankerite
Antigorite
Apatite
Arsenopyrite
Augite
Basalt
Breccia
Chalcopyrite
Chlorite
Crocidolite
Dacite
Diabase
Dike
Diopside
Dolomite
A plutonic rock consisting of orthoclase, microcline, and
subordinate quartz, with few or no mafic constituents
Member of the plagioclase mineral series. Composition
is NaAl Si_00.
J o
Fibrous form of grunerite, an amphibole.
A volcanic rock composed essentially of andesite and one
or more mafic constituents.
A ferroan variety of dolomite, CaC03* (Mg,Fe,Mn)CCL .
A lamellar variety of serpentine, Mg, (Si,0.,0) (OH)g.
A mineral group ranging in composition from Ca,-(PO,)-F
to Ca5(P04)3Cl to Ca5(P04)3OH. 5 * J
A mineral, FeAsS.
A pyroxene mineral, of composition (Ca,Mg) (Mg,Fe,Al)
(Si,Al)206.
A volcanic rock composed primarily of calcic plagioclase
and pyroxene, with or without olivine.
A rock made up of highly angular coarse fragments.
A mineral, CuFeS , and important ore of copper.
A term used for a group of platyhydrous silicates of
aluminum, ferrous iron, and magnesium which are closely
related to the micas.
Fibrous form of riebeckite, blue asbestos.
The volcanic equivalent of quartz diorite. Principal
minerals are plagioclase, quartz, pyroxene and/or hornblende,
with minor biotite.
A rock of basaltic composition, consisting essentially
of labradorite and pyroxene, and characterized by
ophitic texture.
A tabular body of igneous rock that cuts across the
structure of adjacent rocks or cuts massive rocks.
A pyroxene mineral having the composition CaMg
A term applied to those rocks that approximate the
mineral dolomite in composition, CaMg
-------
41
Dunite
Enstatite
Epidote
Gabbro
Galena
Gneiss
Graywacke
Grossularite
Hornfels
Igneous
Laccolith
Metamorphic Rock
01 ivine
Pegmatite
Peridotite
Pyroxenite
A peridotite consisting almost wholly of olivine and
containing accessory pyroxene and chromite.
A pyroxene mineral with the composition Mg- (Si^O,).
A common mineral in metamorphic rocks having a compo-
sition Ca_ (Al ,Fe) Q (SiO. ). (OH) .
q> J
Q
o
A plutonic rock consisting of calcic plagioclase and
clinopyroxene, with or without orthopyroxene and olivine.
Loosely used for any coarse-grained dark igneous rock.
PbS, an important ore mineral of lead.
A coarse-grained rock in which bands rich in granular
minerals alternate with bands in which schistose minerals
predominate.
A type of sandstone marked by large detrital quartz and
feldspars set in a prominent to dominant clay matrix.
A member of the garnet mineral family, composition
A fine-grained, nonschistose metamorphic rock resulting
from contact metamorphism.
Formed by solidification from a molten or partially
molten state.
A concordant, intrusive body that has domed up the
overlying rocks and also has a floor that is generally
horizontal, but may be convex downward.
Includes all those rocks which have formed in the solid
state in response to pronounced changes of temperature,
pressure, and chemical environment below surface weathering
and cementation.
An important rock forming mineral, especially in the
mafic and ultramafic rocks. Composition is (Mg,Fe)«
Si04.
Those igneous rocks of coarse grain found usually as
dikes associated with large mass of plutonic rock of
finer grain size.
A general term for essentially nonfeldspathic plutonic
rocks consisting of olivine, with or without other
mafic minerals.
A medium- or coarse-grained rock consisting essentially
of pyroxene.
-------
42
Rhyolite
Schist
Sill
Sphalerite
Stock
Syenite
Tactite
Trachyte
Ultramafic
Wollastonite
The aphanitic or fine-grained equivalent of a granite.
A medium or coarse-grained metamorphic rock with sub-
parallel orientation of the micaceous minerals which
dominate its composition.
An intrusive body of igneous rock of approximately
uniform thickness and relatively thin compared with its
lateral extent, which has been emplaced parallel to the
bedding or schistosity of the intruded rocks.
ZnS, an important ore mineral of zinc.
A body of plutonic rock that covers less than 40 square
miles, has steep contacts, and is generally discordant.
A plutonic igneous rock consisting principally of alkalic
feldspar, usually with one or more mafic minerals such
as hornblende or biotite.
A rock of complex mineralogical composition formed by
contact metamorphism and metasomatism of carbonate
rock.
A volcanic rock composed essentially of alkalic feldspar,
and minor biotite, hornblende, or pyroxene.
Igneous rocks containing less than 45 percent silica;
containing virtually no quartz or feldspar and composed
essentially of ferromagnesian silicates, metallic oxides,
and sulfides.
A mineral, CaSiO-j, commonly found in contact metamorphosed
limestone.
-------
A-l
APPENDIX A
DETAILED DISCUSSION OF OCCURRENCE OF
ASBESTOS AS AN ACCESSORY MINERAL AND
MINING ACTIVITY IN THESE AREAS
Alabama
The Piedmont region in the east-central part of the state of
Alabama has an extensive occurrence of metamorphic rocks as outlined in
Figure A-l. Within the general region of metamorphism, amphibolite zones
are quite prevalent in several counties as depicted in Figure A-2, a
regional map naming counties. Asbestos and talc occurrences are tabulated
in Table A-l. Localities in Tallapoosa and Chambers counties have been
described in detail to pinpoint selected ultramafic pods that have been
altered to asbestiform minerals including anthophyllite, tremolite and
actinolite. Anthophyllite was mined intermittently during the late
1960's from the large mafic complex northeast of Dadeville in Tallapoosa
County as shown on Figure A-3. Talc is available from the same region
(Talledega County) from the American Talc Company (Alpine, Alabama 35014).
Neatherly wrote "The mafic and ultramafic rocks of the
Piedmont region represent a wide variety of distinct but related, rock
types which have been involved in one or more cycles of regional meta-
morphism, structural dislocation, and pervasion by emanations mobilized
from the country rock. Four processes of alteration are recognized:
(1) serpentinization, (2) steatitization, (3) amphibolization, and (4)
chloritization. All these processes occurred more or less concurrently
throughout the mafic-ultramafic belt; however, one mode of alteration
generally predominated over the other three at a given locality. The
processes of amphibolization and steatitization were most widespread.
Amphibolization is the alteration of pyroxenes (enstatite, hypersthene,
olivine, etc) to amphibole minerals (anthophyllite, actinolite, tremolite,
hornblende, etc). The amphibole formed in the Dadeville area is the
orthorhombic variety, anthophyllite, commonly from olivine. Tremolite and
actinolite also are commonly associated with the ultramafic rocks in the
Dadeville area having been found along the periphery of the ultramafic-mafie
rock complex."
-------
A-2
While the asbestos mineral prospects of Tallapoosa County are
not now being worked, talc is currently being mined by the American Talc
Company in Talladega County. Elsewhere in the counties containing the
amphibolite zones, large quantities of talc and soapstone are found over
wide areas, close to the surface, and are of current and long-range
interest. The current mining and quarrying activities in the area are
summarized in Table A-2.
TABLE A-l. THE OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE IN
ALABAMA (FROM USGS MR-17 and m-3.1).
Asbestos
Tallapoosa County:
1. Dadeville area. Short-fiber amphibole asbestos associated
with basic intrusive rocks. Maynard and others, 1923;
Pallister, 1955. 32° 54' 85° 44'
Talc and Soapstone
Talladega County:
1. Talladega. Talc probably derived from dolomite.
McMurray and Bowles, 1941. 33° 19' 86° 13'
Tallapoosa County:
2. Dadeville area. Soapstone probably associated with mafic
igneous rocks. Maynard and others, 1923; Pallister,
1955. 32° 53' 85° 40'
(Localities by North Latitude and West Longitude)
-------
A-3
-N-
Area shown in county map-—
Area shown in detail map
Metamorphic rocks
FIGURE A-l. METAMORPHIC ROCK OCCURRENCE IN ALABAMA
-------
A-4
-N-
85
Birmingham
^H Metamorphic
£iliiii rocks
771 Amphibolite
Z2l zones
o 10 20 30 40
Miles
FIGURE A-2. MAP OF AREA OF ALABAMA CONTAINING METAMORPHIC ROCKS
-------
A-5
FIGURE A-3. Portions of Clay, Randolph,
Tallapooaa, Chambers, Lee, and Elmore
Counties, Alabama, showing the occurrence
of Amphibolite (massive and layered)
with Chlorite Schist. Gabbro, Norite,
and Ultramatic Pods locally intermixed.
Areas of past Anthophyllite or talc
mining.
-------
A-6
TABLE A-2. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN ALABAMA
County
Chambers
ChiIton
Clay
Cleburne
Coosa
Elmore
Lee
Randolph
Talledega
Company and Address
No major producer
No major producer
Jenkins Brick Company
P.O. Box 91
Montgomery, Alabama 36101
Vulcan Materials Company
P.O. Box 7324-A
Birmingham, Alabama 35223
No major producer
United States Gypsum Co.
101 S. Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Vulcan Materials Company
P.O. Box 7324-A
Birmingham, Alabama 35223
Georgia Marble Company
Gantts Quarry, Alabama 35069
Thompson-Weinman & Company
Cartersville, Georgie 30120
American Talc Company
Alpine, Alabama 35014
Commodity
None
Sand and gravel
None
Sand and gravel
None
Clay, sand and gravel
Stone
Scrap mica
Limestone, talc
Tallapoosa No current producer
Anthophyllite.
-------
A-7
Source References
(1) Metamorphic Map of Che Appalachians
Benjamin A. Morgan, 1972
US6S Map 1-724
(2) Asbestos in the United States
A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962
USGS Map MR-17
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States
A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962
USGS Map MR*31
(4) Talc and Anthophyllite Deposits in Tallapoosa and Chambers Counties,
Alabama
Thornton L. Neathery, 1968
Bulletin 90, Geol. Surv. of Alabama
(5) Talc and Asbestos at Dadeville, Alabama
T. L, Neathery, et al, November, 1967
U.S. Bureau Mines, R.I. 7045
(6) Amphlbolite Areas of the Pidemont Region (Map)
T. L. Neathery, et al, 1973
Geol. Surv. of Alabama
(7) The Mineral Industry of Alabama
H. L. Riley and W. E. Smith, 1971
U. S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook
-------
A-8
Alaska
The major part of Alaska has been geologically investigated
only in an exploratory manner. Only in the last few years has much
.1
geologic mapping been done. Figure A-4 shows a general division of Alaska.
The Arctic Coastal Plain area consists mainly of sedimentary deposits,
with some sedimentary rocks containing coal. The Arctic Foothills region
is characterized by the presence of mafic intrusions tightly folded. The
Arctic Mountains area is intruded by diabase sills with occurrences of
schist, quartzite, limestone, and slate. The eastern half of the area
are granitic intrusions and metamorphosed basalt. The Western Alaska
region,including the Seward Peninsula and the Bering Shelf, is composed
largely of volcanic rocks with some local metamorphism and.cut by intrusions,
The occurrence of ultramafic rocks, graywacke, argillite, and shale are
all noted. The Alaska-Aleutian Province is characterized by areas of mild
metamorphism with some intrusions to the eastern end along the Canadian
border. The southern end along the Canadian border shows more intrusives
and mafic bodies intruding the schist.
There has been a considerable amount of metamorphic and intrusive
action in Alaska and, thus, the possibilities of occurrence of fiberous
amphiboles is significant.
The general areas where asbestos has been reported to date are
indicated in Figure 1. These specific areas are as follows:
• Hunt River • Asbestos Mountain
• Jade Creek; Jade Mountain • Lemesurier Island
• Bismark Mountain; Skungnak River • Bear Creek.
• Cosmos Creek
The sand and gravel industry accounted for the largest dollar
value in 1971 followed by stone, barite, uranium, platinum-group metals,
gold and mercury. This excludes the fossil-fuel production. Table A-3
gives the value of mineral production for Alaska for 1971. Table A-4
gives the principal producers.
-------
FIGURE A-4. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ALASKA
-------
TABLE A-3. MINERAL PRODUCTION IN ALASKA^
Mineral
Antimony ore and concentrate, short tons, antimony content
Barite, thousand short tons
Coal (bituminous), do
Gold (recoverable content of ores, etc), troy ounces
Natural gas, million cubic feet
Petroleum (crude), thousand 42-gallon barrels
Sand and gravel, thousand short tons
Silver (recoverable content of ores, etc), thousand troy ounces
Stone, thousand short tons
Tin, long tons
Value of items that cannot be disclosed:
Gem stones, LP gases (1971), mercury, platinum- group metals,
uranium (1971)
Total
Total 1967 constant dollars
Quantity
(b)
102
698
13,012
121,618
79,494
23,617
1
2,658
17
XX
XX
XX
1971
Value,
thousands
»
1,075
5,710
537
28,945
257,562
32,806
1
5,066
47
2,174
333,923
p290,112
p = Preliminary. XX = Not applicable.
(a) Production as measured by mine shipments, sales, or marketable production (including
consumption by producers).
(b) No production of antimony was reported to the Bureau of Mines. However, the Alaska
Department of Natural Resources reported production of 34 tons of ore valued at
approximately $34,000.
-------
A-11
TABLE A-4. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN ALASKA
Commodity
Company and Address
Region
Barite
Coal
Gold
Natural gas
Petroleum-crude
Alaska Barite Co
Anchorage, Alaska 99500
B & R Coal Co
Healy, Alaska 99743
Delta Coal Co
North Pole, Alaska 99705
Premier Coal Co
Palmer, Alaska 99645
Usibelli Coal Mine, Inc
Usibelli, Alaska 99787
U.S. Smelting Refining and Mining Co
Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
L. McGee
Manley Hot Springs, Alaska 99756
Ruby Mining Co
Ruby, Alaska 99768
Prince Creek Mining Co
Flat, Alaska 99584
Amoco Production Co
Anchorage, Alaska 99500
Mobil Oil Corp
do
Phillips Petroleum Co
do
Standard Oil Co, of California
do
Texaco Inc
do
Union Oil Co. of California
do
Holmes & Narver, Inc.
Point Barrow, Alaska
Amoco Production Co
Anchorage, Alaska 99500
Atlantic Richfield Co
do
BP Alaska, Inc
do
Southeastern Alaska
Yukon River
Do,
Cook Inlet-Susitna
Yukon River
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Offshore Cook Inlet
Westside Cook Inlet
Kenai Peninsula, Offshore Cook
Inlet
Kenai Peninsula, Westside Cook
Inlet
Offshore Cook Inlet, Westside
Cook Inlet
Offshore Cook Inlet, Kenai
Peninsula
North Slope
Offshore Cook Inlet
Kenai Peninsula, Offshore
Cook Inlet, North Slope
North Slope
-------
A-12
TABLE A-4. (continued)
Commodity
Company and Address
Reg ion
Petroleum-crude
Petroleum refining
Platinum-group
metals
Sand and Gravel
Stoae
Mobil Oil Corp
do
Shell Oil Co
do
Texaco Inc
do
Standard Oil Co.
do
of California
Union Oil Co. of California
do
Atlantic Richfield Co
Prudhoe Bay, Alaska
Standard Oil Co. of California
Nikiski, Alaska
Tesoro-Alaskan Petroleum Corp
do
Goodnews Bay Mining Co
Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
Alaska Department of Highways
Juneau, Alaska 99801
Alaska Department of Public Works
do
Burgess Construction Co
Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
Alaska Department of Highways
Juneau, Alaska 99801
Hanson Osberg Co
Seattle, Wash. 98100
Moore Construction Co., Inc.
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Anchorage, Alaska 99500
Burgess Construction Co
Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
Central Construction Co., Inc.
Seattle, Wash. 98100
Offshore Cook Inlet
Kenai Peninsula, Offshore
Cook Inlet
Offshore Cook Inlet
Kenai Peninsula
Offshore Cook Inlet
North Slope
Kenai Peninsula
Do.
Salmon River
Various
Do.
Yukon River
Various
Southeastern Alaska
Do.
Copper River, Kenai Peninsul
Southeastern Alaska
Various
Northwestern Alaska
-------
A-13
Source References
(8) The Mineral Industry of Alaska, R. B. Smith, W. C. Fackler, 1972,
U.S. Bureau Mines, Minerals Yearbook.
(9) Geology of the Alaska Peninsula—Island Arc and Continental Margin
(Part 1), C. A. Burk, Princeton, New Jersey, The Geological Society
of America Memoir 99 (Part 1), 1965.
(10) Alaska's Mineral Resources as a Base for Industrial Development,
Report to The State of Alaska by Arthur D. Little, Inc., February, 1962.
(11) Various Mineral Investigations Resources Maps by E. H. Cobb,
U.S. Geological Survey, as follows:
Iron Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-40, 1964
Antimony Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-52, 1970
Bismuth Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-53, 1970
Mercury Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-54, 1970
Industrial Minerals and Construction Materials Occurrences
in Alaska, Map MR-41, 1964
Lode Gold and Silver Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-32, 1962
Antimony, Bismuth, and Mercury Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-11, 1960
Industrial Minerals and Construction Materials Occurrences in
Alaska, Map MR-41, 1964
(12) The Use of Remote Sensing in Conservation, Development, and
Management of the Natural Resources of the State of Alaska,
Richard H. Eakins, Jr., and Robin I. Welch, Department of Economic
Development, State of Alaska, December, 1969.
(13) Economic Analysis of Fairbanks and Contiguous Area, Alaska, prepared
by North Pacific Consultants, Anchorage, Alaska, Portland, Oregon,
for Golden Valley Electric Association, Inc., Fairbanks, Alaska,
January, 1959. r
(14) Physiographic Divisions of Alaska, Geological Survey Professional
Paper 482.
(15) Asbestos Air Pollution Control, IITRI Report No. C8216 for Institute
for Environmental Quality, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, September,
1971.
(16) Keller, A. S. and Reiser, H. N., Geology of the Mount Katmai Area
Alaska, Geological Survey Bulletin 1058-G, United States Government
Printing Office, Washington (1959).
(17) Sainsbury, Geology of Lost River Mine Area, Alaska, USGS Bulletin, Plates,
-------
A-14
(18) Rossman, D. L., Geology and Ore Deposits in the Reid Inlet Area
Glacier Bay, Alaska, Mineral Resources of Alaska, Geological
Survey Bulletin 1058-B, United States Government Printing Office,
Washington (1959).
(19) Rossman, D. X. , Geology and Ore Deposits of Northwestern Chichagof
Island, Alaska, Mineral Resources of Alaska, Geological Survey
Bulletin 1058-E, United States Government Printing Office,
Washington (1959).
(20) Wahrhaftig, G. and Black, R. F., Quaternary and Engineering Geology
in the Central Part of the Alaska Range, Geological Survey Pro-
fessional Paper 293, United States Government Printing Office,
Washington (1958).
-------
A-15
Arizona
Arizona may be divided into two distinct physiographic provinces:
the Colorado Plateaus Province in the north and the Basin and Range Province
to the south and along the western border of the state. The northern
province may be subdivided into four sections and as the province name
implies, these may be characterized as plateau areas, in places much
dissected. The southern Tonto Section of the northern province is tran-
sitional into the Basin and Range Province and part or all of it has
been included in the southern province from time to time. The major provinces
and the Tonto Section are delineated in the map figures.
The Basin and Range Province also may be subdivided into subpro-
vinces or sections. The Mexican Highland Section in southeastern Arizona
is extensively mountainous with peaks up to 9000 feet--as much as 5000
feet above adjacent valley floors. The Sonoran Desert section in south-
western Arizona has numerous mountain ranges also but these are lower and
narrower than the mountains to the east and make up only about a fourth
of the section area. While not as high as the eastern mountains, the
southwestern mountains of Arizona are nevertheless quite rugged, rising
abruptly from valley floors. The Mohave Section on the northwest border
of Arizona is similar topographically to the Mexican Highland Section
except that both the valley floors and mountain peaks are lower in over-
all elevation and the area is more desertlike.
The Basin and Range Province is notable for its numerous igneous
intrusive rocks of several geologic ages. Granites and gabbros of
Precambrian age and older are found. Sills and dikes of diabase are
intrusive into upper Precambrian strata and a notable occurrence of these
is in association with the chrysotile deposits of Gila County. Elsewhere
in the Basin and Range Province, the intrusives are granite, quartz
monzonite, monzonite, diorite, and diorite porphyry, and range in age
from Triassic to middle Tertiary with most being of late Cretaceous and
early Tertiary age. The latter intrusive activity was of prime importance
in the placement of many of the state's major metal deposits. In some
-------
A-16
places older rocks surrounding Laramide (age) intrusive bodies were
intensely metamorphased. .To the north in the Colorado Plateaus Province,
the structural disruption during the Laramide orogeny was limited to gen-
tle warping and high-angle faulting.
The Basin and Range Province and the Tonto Section of the
Colorado Plateaus is an area of extensive mineralization and the com-
modity of highest production here is copper. In fact, about 85 percent
of Arizona's mineral production is in copper. From 45 to 50 mines,
chiefly in southeastern.and southcentral Arizona but also well dis-
tributed throughout the Basin and Range Province, are producers of copper
and coincidentally, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, and zinc. The general
location of the copper producing mines is shown in Figure A-5 and
briefly described in Table A-5. The mineral values produced by
counties are given in Table A-6«
The major source of current copper production in Arizona is
from deposits commonly referred to as "disseminated" or "porphyry copper"
lypes which may occur in schists, silicated limestone, volcanic rocks, or
even-granular granitic rocks. A feature of all such deposits is that
they are spatially related to stocks, plugs, sills, or dikes of quartz-
bearing porphyritic to granular intrusive rocks, variously classified as
quartz diorite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite, and granite, or their
porphyritic equivalents. Another common feature is alteration of the
host rocks which took place during the mineralization stage. Five types
of alteration are recognized: (1) propylitic, characterized by abundant
lime bearing and other minerals such as calcite, epidote, chlorite, talc,
and kaolinite; (2) argillic, characterized by clay minerals; (3) potassic,
characterized by muscovite-biotite-K-feldspar assemblages; (4) quartz-
sericite, characterized by a quartz-sericite-pyrite assemblage; and (5)
lime silicate, characterized by assemblages of garnet, tremolite, epidote,
diopside, etc. Much of the ore in the Pima district (20, 21, 22 on the
copper occurrence map) is associated with the lime-silicate-type alteration.
Lime-silicate-type alteration also may be found in several other copper
producing areas. Thus, it is readily apparent that the fibrous amphiboles
are fairly commonly found in association with the copper recovery activities
in Arizona. Since considerable tonnages of ore are worked, about 166
million tons in 1971, it would be suspected that large quantities of
fibrous amphiboles are worked in association with the value minerals.
-------
A-17
_' . 1
/
11 21 ! / i
-T X , / ,. . •
o-
i
Intruiivr igneouk rnck of L«te
Cnt«ceou> to e»rly Ti-rl,.rv ..r
••ount of production plu« raimaied potential in " tons of rupp*r.
Number refers to luc« I i ty lifted in T«til« 12 and r^fermj to in
text
•l7 •» x5
More than-Linn.000 50.000- 1 .Onn.000 10-50.000
S
S«e11 e
FIGURE A-5. COPPER OCCURRENCES AND PRODUCTION
-------
TABL:: A-is. COPPER DEPOSITS IN ARIZONA
Dl§trl<-f nr a- »
mine c ,,tc, ec,.
Type of deposit and mine
District or area,
mine or property County
Type of depot it and mine
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
a
9
Mineral Park mine
Antler mine
Bagdad mine
Old Dick-Copper
Queen mine a
Zonla mine
Copper Bat in area
Jerome area
United Verde mine
United Verde
Extent Ion mine
Magma mine
Ray mine
Mohave
do.
Yavapal
do.
do.
do.
do.
Final
do.
Disseminated In quartz monzonlte. Open pit.
Massive sulflde lens In metamorphlc rock.
Copper, zinc, and lead. Underground.
Disseminated In quartz monzonlte. Open pit.
Massive sulflde lenses In metamorphlc rock.
Copper, zinc, and lead. Underground.
Oxide-copper lenses, largely chryeocolla,
In shear zone In schist. Opencut.
Breccia pipes containing copper and Moly-
bdenum. Underground.
Maaslve pyrltlc pipe; copper and some zinc.
Underground and opencut.
Masslve-aulflde lens, largely high-grade
chalcoclte ore. Underground.
Vein deposit with some replacement in lime-
s tone. Underground*
Chalcoclte blanket In schist and chalco-
nvrflfp tn filflhjiap ftnan n 1 f-
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Christmas mine
New Cornelia mine
Lakeshore mine
Silver Bell mine
Mission mine
Plma mine
Banner- Anaconda
mine
Twin Buttes
property
Esperanza mine
do.
Plma
do.
Flma
do.
do.'
do.
Slerrlta property
23
24
25
Helvetia
district
Johnson Camp
area
Copper Queen mine
do.
Cochlse
do.
Limestone replacement deposits. Underground.
Disseminated In quartz monzonlte. Open pit.
Oxide-copper ore. Open pit.
Disseminated chalcoctte blanket. Open pits.
Disseminated ore bodies in silica ted lime-
stone and altered si Its tone and sandstone.
Open pits.
Same and Mission and Plma. Stripping for
open pit.
Disseminated deposits with some supergene
enrichment. Open pit.
Replacement deposits In itlicated limestone.
Underground.
Limestone replacement deposits of copper
and zinc. Underground.
Replacement deposits In limestone.
r— '
00
10 San Manuel nine
do.
11 Copper Creek area do.
12 Cattle Dome mine Clla
13 Copper Cities mine do.
14 Old Dominion mine do.
IS Miami-Inspiration
properties
Miami mine
Inspiration mine
do.
Disseminated In granite and monzonlte
porphyry. Underground.
Breccia pipes containing copper and moly-
bdenum. Underground.
Disseminated In quartz monzonlte. Opencut.
Disseminated In quarts monzonlte. Open pit.
Vein deposit with some supergene enrichment.
Underground.
Chalcoclte blanket In schist and quartz
monzonlte. Underground.
Same as Miami except some mixed oxide and
sulftde ore. Open pit.
Lavender Pit mine
26 Lone Star mining Graham
district
27 Morencl mine
Greenlee
28 Jacobs Lake area Coconlno
29 White Mesa
District
do.
Underground.
Disseminated deposit In slllclfled quarts
porphyry and masses of breccia. Open pit.
Huge low-grade disseminated deposit In
volcanic rocks. No mining to date.
Chalcoclte blanket In granitic rock.
Open pit.
Disseminated deposits In sandstone.
Opencut.
Disseminated deposits In sandstone.
Opencut.
-------
A-19
A~D»
Value of mineral production in Arizonn, by county
County
Apache
Coclilsn
Coconino
Gila
Graham
Greenlec
Maricopa
Mohave
Navajo
Pima
Final
Santa Cru7,
Vavapai
Yuma
Undistributed'
Total
1970
$7,231
78,297
2.290
124, ret
W
151,013
7,2.r>8
40.762
W
422,298
285, ir.fi
W
41,698
W
6.071
1,166,7C,7
1971
$5,913
62 790
Gfifi
101,014
W
119,492
14,/T.JO
34,017
W
378,219
211,772
W
46,23-4
W
5,819
'981,020
Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value
Petroleum, helium, clays, natural i;as, pumice, iron ore, sand
anil gravel, stone.
Popper, stone, lime, silver, Rnld, sand and Rravel, fluorspar.
Pumice, s ind and gravel, -.tune.
Cupper, molybdenum, aMie-tos, lime, stone, silver, sand and
(Travel, cold, lluor-spar, clays.
S^M 1 and gravel, 'Unnc, lead, 7.inc, copper, pumice, silver, cold.
C'n) per, pil\er, lime, .~t»nc. i;o!d, sand an.i uravi-l.
S.m 1 and cr.ivi!, hm", st"'ic, clavs, JIIHM, copper, silver, Rnld.
C'n| PIT, molyljilrnum, sand and gravel, silver, stone, feldspar,
1! Id, tungsten, clavs.
C-oa , sand and gravel, pumice, stone.
Copper, mol\ l.dentiin, cement, silver, sand and gravel, E°td, lime.
Btono, lead, clays, 7.inc, mira.
Copper, m(ilybd< mini, silver. Hold, sand nnil grave!, cyp^um,
lime, rtone, pcrlilc, diatomile, pvritc's, lo.id.
Sand and ^:a\el. .'.tone, tnnj".tin, r(ifi[.,-r, lead, sdv(-r, 7.inc.
Copper, cement. ?.inc, ?and and i:rav(-l, stone, lime, molybdunum.
gypsum, : -liver, clavs, 'ca.l, uold, pumice, iron ore.
Sand and uravel, st me, copper, silver, u
-------
A-20
Colorado plateaus province
(Tonto section)
Chrsotile
_, occurrences / /
Y?////
Kmgman
•
Flagstaff
Chrysotile
asbestos
production
Basin and range
province
20 40 60
Miles
Actinolite.tremolite occurrences
FIGURE A-6. OCCURRENCE OF AMPHIBOLE MINERALS IN ARIZONA
-------
A-21
Asbestos-producing region,
(see insert) i
EXPLANATION
c o c H ' s E
Principal area of deposits
O
Deposit or group of deposits outside principal areas
Deposits referred to in test and listed below
} Bass (In Grand Canycn)
2 Hance (in Grand Canyon)
3 Wilson Creek - Walnut Creek area
4 Sloane Creek
5 Rock House
6 American Orel (Asbestos Peak)
7 Regal
8 Grandviex and Ladder
9 Pinetop (Lucky Seven)
10 Chrysotile
11 Sear Canyon
FIGURE 4(i.—Asbestos in Arizona.
FIGURE A-7. CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS DEPOSITS
-------
A-22
layers that comprise the bulk of most silicate zones. The copper pro-
duction in the Globe (town) area is fairly extensive from several mines
and may in fact be located in strata similar in occurrence to the chryso-
tile deposits in the area. For example, the Old Dominion vein system
near Globe is in rocks of Precambrian and Paleozoic age containing appre-
ciable masses of diabase. Among the contact-metamorphic minerals asso-
ciated with the copper minerals in such deposits are serpentine, tremo-
lite, diopside, and a little garnet. The interpretation of the mineral
history in this and similar areas of copper production is that the copper
sulfide mineralization was introduced after metamorphism. There is little
doubt that the production of copper in the Arizona copper districts
involves the working and handling of considerable asbestiform minerals.
The principal mineral producers in Arizona are tabulated
in Table A-7.
-------
A-23
TABLE A-7. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN ARIZONA
Commodity and company
Addre
Type of activity
County
: jH'iuayit Mining Corp.
. 1219 South 19th Av..
I'hornix. Ariz. 85009
< Ymcnl:
Ameriran Cement Corp., Phoenix
Division.
Arixnnit Portland foment Co., a
division of California Portland
Cement Co.
Clay»:
American Cement Corp.. I'hoenii
Division.
Kiltrol Corp ..................
McCarrell & Gurlvy ............
Phcoiilx Brick Yard..
Tii.aon PreKwl Brick Corp ---- .. .
Copper:
American Smelting and Kerming
Co.
:M.17
Co.
Underground mine and Gila.
LTiishinc. fcrc^ning, and
air-s«»par:\tioh plant.
Yavapai.
Dry proce», 3-rolary
kiln plant.
..do Piroa.
Open pit mine Yavapal.
do. Apache.
do Do.
do Marlropa
. .do . i'ima.
.. .do Do.
fwrp., Hay
Mine* Divininn.
i-nia Copprr Co.:
San MHIIUC! DivjHJn
Superior Division
M cipita-
tion plant.
do
4 open pit mine*, 2 mills,
leacii diimpi and in place
leaching, heap leaching,
prer.uita :un plant, rod
plant rolling mill, cus-
tom smeller, electrolytic
relinery.
Open pit mine, leach 1
'!'jiupi .in'l in place leacli
mx. elcctrowinninic
plant, and precipitation
plant.
Mill and Mnrlter —
Do.
Do.
Yavapal.
Do.
Mohave.
Pima.
Gila.
ndirground mine, mill,
; i I .-mrller.
ntlciground niine, mill,
and custom nmellcr.
•Incl.
Gila.
Plnal.
Do.
Phelp» Dodte Corp.:
Copprr Queen Dranch.
Drawer K
OiLbui1, Ariz. SjG03
Morenci Branch Doui;ln«, Ariz. R5C07
Morcnci, Ariz. H5540
New Cornelia Branch Drawer 9
Ajo. Ariz. S5321
('helps Dodire Corp., (Iliij Hole Box 125
Mining Co., lessee). Jerome, Ariz. 8G331
Pim.i Mining Co Box 7187
Tucson. Ariz. 35713
Randier* Exploration and llox '1217
Development Corp. Albu<|Ucri|ue. N. Mex. H7107
Cities Service Co., Miami Copper Don 100
Co. Division. Miami, Ariz. 85539
Dittomite: Arizona Gypsum Corp Dox C495
Hioc.nix, Aru. 85005
Ailiuini«tr:ii.ii.n ('enter
Olil Unh.ird Road
Skokir. III. 60079
FcM ipar: International Mineral:! &
Chemical i^orp., Industrial
Minerals Division.
Gold:
Inopirnlion Conaolidateil Copper
Co.
Kf'inn-oM r..|.f.,.r r..rp . Hay
Mines Division.
Magma, Copper Co.:
San Manuel DIvMon
Superior Divinlon
Phelpx Dodge Corp.:-
I'opprr Queen Dranrh
Inxpiratlon, Ariz. 85537.
Ilaydun, Ari*. MX'. .
HoxM
San Manuel, Arls. 8S631
Uox37
Superior. Arix. 8527S
Open pit mine, under- Cochis*.
groutiil mine, mill, leach
dump4 und in place
k-tchini;, and precipita-
tion plant.
Custom smelter _ Do.
Opui pit mine, mill, leach Grcenlee.
dumps, prwipitation
plant, and smelter.
Open pit mine, mill, and Pima.
smelter.
Open pit mine, loach Yavapal.
dumps, and precipita-
tion plant.
Open pit mine and mill.. Pima.
Opi'n pit mine, heap leach- Gila.
Ing, and rltctrowinning
plant.
Open pit mine, mill, leach Do.
•lumps nnd in plnco leach-
ing, and 3 precipitation
plants.
Open pit mine and plant.. Final.
do Mohave.
... S« Copper GiU.
** Plnal.
-do.
.ilo.
Do.
Do.
Morenri Draprh.
New Cornelia Branch
.-» -. ,
Co. Division.
Gypnum:
Arizona Gypsum Corp.:
Verde Division
Drawer K
ni-.liK, Ariz. »5i>03
Morenrl, Ariz. S5540... .
Uruwer 9
Ajo, Ariz. 85321
l.'.ipper llox 100
Miami, Ariz. S55j".
do C -hU«.
-------
A-24
TABLE A-7. (Continued)
Commodity anil roinpaiiy
AdilrosK
Type
-------
A-25
Source References
(2) Asbestos in the United States
A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962
U.S.G.S. Map MR 17.
(21) Geologic Map °f Arizona
E. D. Wilson, et al, 1969
U.S.G.S. and Arizona Bureau of Mines.
(22) Reported Occurrences of Selected Minerals in Arizona
T. F. Stipp, et al, 1967
U.S.G.S. Map MR-46.
(23) Map of Known Nonferrous Base and Precious Metal Mineral Occurrences
In Arizona
S. B. Keith, 1969
Arizona Bureau of Mines, Tucson, Arizona.
(24) Map of Known Metallic Mineral Occurrences
(Excluding Base and Precious Metals) In Arizona
S. B. Keith, 1969
Arizona Bureau of Mines, Tucson, Arizona.
(25) Map of Known Nonmetallic Mineral Occurrences in Arizona
F. J. McCrory and R. T. O'Hare, 1965
Arizona Bureau of Mines, Tucson, Arizona.
(26) Mineral and Water Resources of Arizona
J. D. Forrester, et al, 1969
Senate Document, Bulletin 180
The Arizona Bureau of Mines, Tucson, Arizona.
(27)The Mineral Industry of Arizona
L. Moore, 1971
U. S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-26
Arkansas
The rocks of the state of Arkansas are regionally affected by
igneous activity in two major areas: (1) a batholith underlying the
southern sedimentaries of the Ozark Region, and (2) plutonic extrusives
along the southern edge of the Ouachita Mountain Region. These areas
are located on the Figure A-8 by showing for (1) the areas of intense
mineralization, and for (2) the major igneous outcrops. Minor outcrops
of the igneous rocks occur frequently along the southern front of the
Ouachita Mountains and mineralization and metamorphism is extensive.
The mineral assemblage includes the fibrous amphiboles.
Near Little Rock, the Jeffrey Stone Company (P.O. Box 185,
North Little Rock, Arkansas 72114) produces large tonnages of quartzitic
sandstone for crushed aggregate and other uses. The quartz veins within
this formation contain cookeite, chlorite, purite, galena, sphoderite,
aukerite and rectorite including the mountain leather variety of rectorite.
A belt of the quartz-cookeite-rectorite mineralization exists in the
northeastern Frontal Ouachita Mountains believed to be emplaced in
Cretaceous time.
The Granite Mountain intrusive south of Little Rock is locally
quarried for a number of commodities. Metamorphosed shale and novaculite
of Paleogoic age are exposed in contact with the nepheline syenite of
Granite Mountain. The porphyritic syenite is called pulaskite. Some
exposures of fourchite and other basic dike rocks occur nearby. Small
occurrences of calcite, fluorite, chlorite and other minerals are found in
association with these rocks.
To the southwest in Saline County, the Milwhite Company,
Incorporated (P.O. Box 15038, Houston, Texas 77020) grinds soapstone
and slage for fillers, insecticides, and roofing uses. Soapstone is
obtained from open pits worked in a sill-like serpentine intrusion of
probable Paleogoic age. The major operation in Saline County is the
aluminum-bauxite recovery by the Aluminum Company of America, the American
Cyanamid Company, the A. P. Green Refractories Company, and the Reynolds
-------
OZARK
REGION
ARKANSAS/VALLEY REGION
GULF
COASTAL
PLAIN
\
GARLAND
HOT. SPRING
Igneous rock
outcrops
xx Metallics
x mineralization
OUACHITA MOUNTAIN REGION
FIGURE A-8. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS ROCK AND METALLIC MINERALIZATION IN ARKANSAS
-------
A-28
Mining Corporation. The bauxite deposits are centered around intrusives
of nepheline syenite. Lateritic weathering has resulted in the alteration
to bauxite. The principal mineral is gibbsite. Impurities are silica,
iron, and titanium.
About 15 miles due west of Little Rock, in Saline County, there
is a serpentine dike area noted for its talc-soapstone deposits and nickel
mineralization. The serpentine dikes cut middle Ordivician age shale and
in turn are cut by Cretaceous age smaller dikes and sills of monchiquite,
ouachitite, fourchite, nepheline syenite, phonolite, syenite, trachyte,
and diorite. The talc-dolomite-soapstone alteration of the serpentine
body was by low-temperature hydrothermal solution. Small deposits of
nickel are often found in serpentine or peridatite bodies as replacement
occurrences. The nickel deposits are not now being exploited.
The Magnet Cove intrusive complex in Hot Spring County is an
alkalic igneous rock assemblage where many varieties of igneous rocks,
metamorphism of sedimentary rocks, and associated mineralization can be
found. Sphene nepheline syenite, ijolite, carbonatite, phonolite, garnet
pseudolencite syenite, and jacupirangite rocks are found in the roughly
circular outcrop. The jacupirangite is cut by mafic and alkalic dikes.
There are numerous titanium-bearing minerals and as the name of the place
implies, there is much magnetite. The Arkansas Novaculite in the area is
thermally metamorphosed. There is quarrying in this area for barite by
Dresser Minerals (P.O. Box 6504, Houston, Texas 77005) and by National Lead
Industries, Incorporated (P.O. Box 1675, Houston, Texas 77001).
About 4 miles to the west of the Magnet Cove complex there is a
relatively small circular alkalic intrusive in Garland County which is the
site of the only primary vanadium recovery operation in the United States.
The outer ring of this intrusive is alkali syenite and fenite. The
center is principally nepheline syenite. Numerous other basic rock types
are included in the complex and the whole has been weathered to considerable
depth. Locally the rocks have been intensely chloritized and close to the
intrusive the metamorphics include the fibrous atnphiboles (e.g., tremolite).
-------
A-29
The Union Carbide Corporation (Route 2, P.O. Box 564, Hot Springs,
Arkansas 71901) is working two open pit quarries in the area chiefly for
recovery of the vancium content.
Evidence of the igneous activity along the front of the Ouachita
Mountain Region is found continually to the southwest from Magnet Cove.
For example, in Pike County, there is the diamond bearing intrusive near
Murfreesboto which has become famous as the only site in the United
States where diamonds are found. A small amount of mercury (cinnabar) is
recovered from the mineralized area of Pike County.
In addition to the mineralization of the Ouachita Mountain
Region there is extensive mineralization in the northern Arkansas counties
as indicated in Figure A-8. Lead and zinc mineralization predominates
over a five county area to the west and manganese minerals are found to
the east. Currently there is no production of these commodities from
the Ozark Region.
The county by county mineral production in Arkansas is tabulated
in Tables A-8 and A-9.
-------
A-30
TABLE A-8.
County
Arkansas
Ashley
Baxter
Ben ton
Boone
Bradley
Calhoun
Carroll
Chicot
Clark
Clay
Cleburne.
Cleveland
Columbia
Conway
Craighead
Crawford _
Crittenden
Cross .,
Dallas
Desha
Drew
Faulkner
Franklin.
Fulton
Garland.. .
Grant
Greene
Hempstead
Hot Spring.
Howard
Independence
Ixard.
Jackson .. ......
Jefferson ..........
Johnson
Lafayette
Lawrence
Lincoln
Little River
Logan ....
Lonoke .
Madison
Marion
Miller
Mississippi
Monroe
Montgomery.
Nevada
Newton __..__
Ouachita
Perry
Phillips
Pike
Poinsett
Polk
Pope
Prairie ,
Pula.ski
Randolph
St. Francis
Saline
Scott
Searcy
Sebastian
Sevier
Sharp
Stone
Union .
Van Buren
Washington
Whit*
Woodruff
Yell
Undistributed'
Total*
Value of mineral production in Arkansas, by county >
1970
$3
W
W
W
W
2K5
989
327
W
W
245
W
W
40,179
262
W
W
W
716
W
W
W
669
10.065
208
W
102
194
W
4.609
W
W
2,202
41
317
4,931
16,368
859
159
W
1.721
W
1
115
W
6
(»)
. .- W
W
W
8,323
147
75
W
449
W
W
27
9,047
W
W
27,869
83
3
4,923
W
10
1
29.476
W
. ... W
1,046
W
28
58,743
226.626
(Thousands)
1971 Minerals produced In 1971 in order of value/
W Sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Do.
W Petroleum, sand and gravel.
S1.19K Sand and gravel, petroleum.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
170 Sand and gravel.
142 Stone.
W Sand and gravel.
41,507 Bromine, petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids.
sand and gravel.
W Stone, natural gas.
W Sand and gravel, clays.
4,742 Natural gas, stone, sand and gravel.
W Clays, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel.
W Do.
W Do.
W Do.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
8,904 Natural gas, coal, stone, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, atone.
W Vanadium, abrasives, sand and gravel, tripoli, stone.
W Sand and gravel.
W Do.
W Sand and gravel, clays.
W Barite, clays, stone, sand and gravel.
W Cement, gypsum, stone, clays, petroleum.
3,064 Stone, lime, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Sand and gravel.
W Do.
5,355 Natural gas, coal, atone, clays.
16,308 Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and
gravel.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel.
W Cement, stone, sand and gravel, clays.
W Natural gas, stone, coal.
W Clays, sand and gravel.
1 Sand and gravel.
W Do.
13,927 Petroleum, gand and gravel, natural gas, clays.
7 Sand and gravel.
W Stone.
W Petroleum, sand and gravel.
2 Sand and gravel.
8,580 Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas, clays.
20 Stone.
W Sand and gravel.
W Gypsum, sand and gravel, stone, trlpoll, mercury.
341 Sand and Kravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
2,089 Stone, natural gas, sand and gravel.
18,688 Stone, bauxite, clays, sand and gravel.
32 Stone, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel.
26,202 Bauxite, lime, stone, sand and gravel, clays, talc.
W Natural gas.
55 Stone, sand and gravel.
5 328 Natural gas, stone, coal, sand and gravel, clays.
61 Sand and gravel.
11 Do.
17 Stone, sand and gravel.
30 , 597 Bromine, petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
W Stone.
W Stone, sand and gravel, natural ga*.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
3 Sand and gravel.
11 Natural gas.
66,854
253.219
clays.
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data.
1 Lee County is not listed because no production was reported in 1970 or 1971.
• Less than M unit. _
1 Includes mineral production that cannot be iixsiKned l» specific counties and values indicated by symbol W.
4 Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
TABLE A-9. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN ARKANSAS
Principal producer!—Continued
Commodity and company
Abrastvea:
Norton Pikt Divulon. Norton Co..
Barlte:
Baualu:
A.P. Green Refractories Co
Bromine:
The Do* Chemical Co
Carbon black :
Division.
Cement:
Ideal Cement Co.. Div. of Ideal
Basic Industries, Inc.
Clays:
Arkansas Lightweight Aggregate
Corp.
W.S. Dickey Clay Manufacturing
Co.
Eureka Brick AY Tile Co
A. P. Green Rel ractoriea Co
Coal:
Prairie Coal Co , Inc -
Gypsum:
Dulin Baiulte Co., Inc
Line:
Rangalre Corp., Bateaville While
Lime Division.
Roofing granules:
Mianaaota MnK at Mfg Co
Sand and gravel:
ArMtola Sand at Gravel Co
B.lv«d«ra Sand t Gravel Co
Address
P.O. Box 1426
Hot Sprints, Ark. 71901
Littleton, N. 11. 03&C1
11 Snider St.
Hot Springs, Ark. 71M1
P.O. Box 6504
Houston, Tex. 77005
P.O. Box 1675
Houston, Tex. 77001
1036 Alcoa Bide.
Pittsburgh, 1*4. 15219
Brrdan Avenue
Wayne. N.J. 07470
Mciieu, Mo. 65265..
P.O. Box 39H
Bauxite, Ark. 72011
Ruute G, Box 98
El Dorado, Ark. 71730
P.O. Box B
Macuolia, Ark. 71753
Mldhmil. Mich. 48640
P O. D.II 2JOO, West
Lafayette, Ind. 47901
SSI Kast Ohm St.
Chicago, III. COC11
60 Wall St.
New York, N.Y. 10006
P.O. Box 39S
Foreman, Ark. 71836
420 Ideal Cement Bldf.
Denver, Colo. 80202
P.O. Box 425
Fort Worth. Tex. 76101
P O. Box 898
Foreman, Ark. 71836
P.O. Box 99
England, Ark. 72046
P.O. Box 13125
Kansas City, Mo. 64199
Clarksville, Ark. 72830
Mexico, Mo. 65265
P.O. Box 477
Fort Smith, Ark. 72901
Midland, Ark. 72945
P O 1)01 186
Fort Smith, Ark. 72901
P.O. Dox 508
Clarksville, Ark. 72830
415 GraniJvicw
CUrksville, Ark. 72830
835 Valley
Hot Springs. Ark. 71901
810 Whillincton Avenue
Hot Springs. Ark. 71901
1501 Alcoa Bldg.
Pittsburgh. Pa. 15219
P.O. Bin 1.111
Batrsville, Ark. 72501
Gi',03 W. Droad Sln-ct
Richmond, Va. 2322C
Cast Walimle, Mans. 02032..
3 M Center (220- 1 3 W)
St. Paul, Minn. 65101
P O. Box "I"
Miirrrrpshoro, Ark. 71918
323 Mcrrlijiti* Hank Bldg.
Fort Smith, Ark. 72901
P.O. Box 243
Type of activity County
Ulna and plant. . . Garland.
Mine Do.
do Do,
Mine and plant. .. Hot Spring.
do Do.
Mine Saline.
Mine and plant.. . Pulaski and
Saline.
Mine Saline.
do Do,
Brine walla and Union.
plant.
do Columbia.
do Do.
do Union.
do Do.
Furnace _ Do.
Plant and quarry.. Little River.
do Howard.
(.
Mine and plant Hot Spring and
Sebastian.
do Little River.
do Criltenden and
Lonoke.
do Miller and Polk.
do Johnsnn.
„ .do Pulaski and
Saline.
Strip mine Johnson.
do Sebastian.
.. .do Franklin and
- • Johnson.
Underground mine. Johnson.
...,do Do.
Mine and plant... Pike.
....do Howard,
Plant 9>l<">-
do Independent*.
do Saline.
.. .do Montgomery.
do Pulaski.
Stationary Pike,
do Crawford.
do Saline.
Commodity and company
Sand and gravel — Continued
Braawell Sand and Gravel Co, Inc.
Gilford-Hill & Co.. Inc
Jeffrey Sand Co
Malvern Gravel Co
Mubley Construction Co., Ine
St. Francis Material Co
Silica Products Co., Inc
Stone;
Arkansas Cement Corp
Arkhols Sand & Gravel Co
Ben M. Hogaa Co., Inc
Ideal Cement Co., Div. of Ideal
Basic Industries, Inc.
Jeltrey Stone Co., Inc
McCllnton Brothers Co
McGeorge Contracting Co
Minnesota Mng & Mfg Co
Missouri City Stone Co
Rangaire Corp .
Talc and soapstone:
The Milnhite Co.. Inc
Tripoli:
Hercules Minerals Corp
Malvern Minerals Co
Vcrmicullte:
W. R. Grace and Co
Natural gas liquids:
Arkla Chemical Corp
Auntnil Oil Co., Inc
Phlllilis Petroleum Co
Sun Oil Co., OX Division
Petroleum:
American OH Co
Berry Petroleum Co., Div. Crystal
Oil Co.
Cross Oil Si Uefincry Co. of Arkan-
sas, Div. C. J. Wood Petroleum
Co.
Lion Oil, Div. Monsanto Co
Maemillan Ring-Free Oil Co., Inc.
Vanadium:
Union Carbide Corp . .
Address
P.O. Box 798
Mirulfn. La. 71055
P.O. Uox 47127
Dallux. Tex. 75247
P.O. Uox D054. North
Uttle Hock, Ark. 72114
P.O. Box 337
Malvvrn, Ark. 72104
P.O. Dux 109
Morrill.m, Ark. 72110
P.O. lion 99!)
Fontit City, Ark. 72335
P.O. Dux 248
Cufon. Ark. 7254U
P.O. Hox 39S
Furfrfnan, Ark. 7lh.16
U23 Merchant, Dank Uldg.
Fort Smith, Ark. 72'JUI
P.O. ll.n 2IMJO
Little Kuck, Ark. /2-'03
420 Ideal Ccmem Dldg.
Denver. Ccilu. HOJU2
P.O. llnx 16S, North
Uttle Hock, Ark. 72114
P.O. Bui 790
FayeUrville. Ark. 72701
P. O. llux 700H
Pine llluir. Ark. 71601
3 M Center 220 13W
SL Paul, Minn. 55101
1*61 N. Industrial Blvd.
Dall.is. Tex. 75207
P.O. Uux 1311
Bsusville, Ark. 72501
P.O. Box 15038
Houston, Tex. 77020
114 National Old Line Bldg.
Utlle Rock, Ark. 72201
P.O. Hoi 1246
Hot Springs, Ark. 71901
6£ Whittemora Avenue
Cambridge, Mass. 02140
Magnolia, Ark. 71753
Stamps, Ark. 718(>0
do
do
El Dorado, Ark. 71730
Magnoliu, Ark. 71753
Smsckover, Ark. 717C2
El Dorado, Ark. 71730
Norphlet, Ark. 71759
Route 2, Box 6G3
Hot Springs, A.k. 71901
Type of activity
Stationary..
.-.-do
do . . ..
do
Portable
Stationary
do
Quarry
do
do
do ... .
do
do
do
....do
do
do
Mine and plant —
Mine
do
Exfoliating
Plant
do
do
do
Refinery
2 Refineries
Refinery
do
....do
Mine
County
Uttle River.
Lafayette and
Millar
Pulaald.
Hot Sprint.
Jackson and
Pope
Ashley.' CalhoHB.
Craighead.
Poinxell,
St. Francis.
Ixard.
UUle River.
Crawford.
Franklin. Law-
rence, Lonoka,
Poiie,
White.
Howard.
Ptilaa.it
Madfcon and
Pulaski and
Van Burtn.
Pulaski.
Perry.
Independence
and Izufd.
Saline.
Pike.
Garland.
Pulaaki.
Columbia.
Lafayette.
Do.
Do.
Union.
Nevada and
Ouachtta.
Union-
Do.
Do.
Garland.
Benlun, Ark. 72015
-------
A-32
Source References
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States
A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962
U.S.G.S. Map MR-31.
(Z&4) Geologic Map of Arkansas
Edited by H. D. Miser and G. W. Stose, 1929
Arkansas Geological Survey
Little Rock, Arkansas.
(29) Central Arkansas, Economic Geology and Petrology
Field Trip Guide Book
N. F. Williams, 1967
Arkansas Geological Commission
Little Rock, Arkansas.
(30) "Nickel Occurrences in Soapstone Deposits, Saline County, Arkansas"
P. J. Sterling and C. G. Stone, 1961
Economic Geology, Vol 56, No. 1, Jan-Feb, 1961.
(31) The Mineral Industry of Arkansas
G. N. Broderich, 1971
U.S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-33
California
Large areas of the state of California contain favorable geologic
conditions for the formation of asbestiform minerals. Figure A-8
the geographic distribution of these areas. In the western part of the
state, along the Sierra Nevada range, there are extensive areas of igneous
intrusive rocks. Along the boundaries of the igneous rock are associated
metamorphic rocks or rocks which have been altered by hydrothermal activity.
The result has been the formation of asbestiform minerals. Similar areas
are shown for other parts of southern California. Certain areas of the
state are characterized by scattered occurrences of intrusive igneous
rocks. Such an area is shown in the southern portion of the state. Along
the coastal range is another elongate area of scattered intrusives which
includes ultramafic bodies. These bodies characteristically alter to
fibrous serpentine.
Localities in California with reported occurrences of asbesti-
form minerals are indicated in Figure A-9. Table A-10 gives, by county, a
brief description of the asbestos occurrences, references, and the coor-
dinates of the sites. Mining activity in each of the counties is given
in Table A-ll. The great majority of the individual mines or quarries in
the suspect counties have no published descriptions of the minerology
and the presence of asbestos can only be inferred from the presence of
igneous or metamorphic rocks or from recorded occurrences in the area.
Four mines on which published literature was available are
indicated on Figure A-9. These mines serve as examples of asbestos
occurrences in nonasbestos mines. A description of each of the mines
follows.
Mountain Pass District^ San Bernardino County. The rare-earth
deposits here are in Precambriam metamorphic and igneous rocks. Included
in the country rock are gneisses, schists, migmatites, amphibolites, and
pegmatites. The ore mineral bastnasite occurs within igneous rocks that
cut metamorphic rock as numerous dikes. The common gangue minerals are
-------
A-34
calcite, dolomite, ankerite, and siderite, while a minor phase is the
amphibole crocidolite. The fountain Pass Mine is operated by the
Molybdenum Corporation of America. Mining is by open-pit, with mill
feed capacity 1,200 tons per day. The mine is in a sparsely populated
area in the north-east portion of the county.
New Idria Mine, San Benito County. This is a hydrothermal
deposit of cinnabar, pyrite, and marcasite occurring in country rock
of sandstone, shale, greywacke, and serpentinites. Presumably chryso-
tile is present in the serpentinite and occurs in the gangue. The mine
is open-pit and underground and is operated by the New Idria Mining and
Chemical Company. Concentrator feed capacity is 350 tons per day. The
only population center nearby is the mining town of Idria.
Bishop Tungsten District, Inyo County. In this deposit tightly
folded metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks are enclosed by intrusive
igneous rocks. Along the contact of the granitic intrusive with calcareous
metasedimentary (marble) rock a scheelite bearing ore deposit was formed.
The Pine Creek Mine, operated by the Union Carbide Corporation, is an
underground mine located along this contact. A breccia zone also exists
near the contact and contains, among other phases, actinolite. The
breccia must often be removed in order to mine the tungsten ore and con-
sequently contributes actinolite to the gangue. The town of Bishop is
the closest population center.
New Almaden District. Santa Clara County. This deposit was
formed in silicate-carbonate by the hydrothermal alteration of serpentine
which had intruded sedimentary rocks. The principal ore mineral cinnabar
was deposited along fractures in the serpentine. It is expected that the
mined ore will have a high content of serpentine gangue, presumably con-
taining chrysotile.
-------
A-35
124°
Area of igneous and
metamorphic rocks
Area of scattered igneous
and metamorphic rocks
Ultramatic intrusive
Reported asbestos occurences
Mining activity described
in text
36
CONTRA COSTA
AMAOOR
ALPINE
CALAVERAS
ALAMEDA
SANTA CLARA
SAN BENITO
FIGURE A-9. MAP SHOWING AREAS OF CALIFORNIA WHICH HAVE
FAVORABLE GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS FOR THE
FORMATION OF ASBESTIFORM MINERALS
-------
A-36
TABLE A-10. ASBESTOS OCCURRENCES IN CALIFORNIA
Siskiyou County
Asbestos of unknown variety. Averill, 1935. 41°55' 123°09'
Asbestos of unknown variety. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 41°44' 122°44'
Brittle chrysotile asbestos in serpentine.
Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 41°29' 122°34'
Chrysotile asbestos. 41°25' 122°29'
Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 41°24' 122°27'
Narrow veins of chrysotile asbestos in serpentine.
Wiebelt and Smith, 1959.
Chrysotile asbestos in peridotite. Wiebelt and
Smith, 1959. 41°19' 122°28'
Type of asbestos is unknown. Averill, 1935. 41°19' 122°29'
Chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. Wiebelt and
Smith, 1959. 41°17' 122°26'
Chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. Wiebelt and
Smith, 1959. 41°15' 122°52'
Shasta County
Chrysotile-bearing rock with minor amounts of amphi-
bole asbestos in serpentine. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 41°06' 122°26'
Tremolite asbestos in serpentine. Wiebelt and Smith,
1959; Rice, 1957. 41°06' 122°23'
Chrysotile asbestos. Averill, 1939. 41°05' 122°30'
Chrysotile asbestos in serpentine and peridotite,
Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 41°03' 122 28'
Trinity County
General Reference: Wiebelt and Smith, 1959
Weathered amphibole asbestos. 41°10' 122°30'
Chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. 41 06' 122 28'
Anthophyllite asbestos in serpentine. 41 05' 122 43'
Chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. 40 03* 123 13*
Lake County
All deposits are chrysotile asbestos in serpentine
General Reference: Brice, 1953
Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 38°51' 122°40'
38°55' 122°30'
-------
A-37
TABLE A-10. (continued)
Napa County
Short-fiber chrysotile asbestos in serpentine.
Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 38°29' 122°11'
Contra Costa County
Asbestos of unknown variety in serpentine. Wiebelt
and Smith, 1959. 37°57' 121°49'
Alameda County
Short-fiber asbestos of unknown variety in serpentine.
Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 37°48f 122°09'
Plumas County
Amphibole asbestos. Logan, 1943. 40°00f 121°09'
Amphibole asbestos in sheared "greenstone". 39 52' 120 46'
Sierra County
Slip-fiber amphibole asbestos in schist and serpentine
General Reference: Wiebelt and Smith, 1959
39°39' 120°40'
39°33' 120°54!
39°33' 120°38'
Nevada County
Cross-fiber chrysotile in ultrabasic intrusion of
Jurassic age. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 39°22' 120°49'
Logan, 1941. 39°09' 120°58f
Yuba County
General Reference: O'Brien, 1952
Very small seams of asbestos of unknown variety in
serpentine. 39°33' 121°08'
Small seams of asbestos of unknown variety along a
serpentine-slate contact. 39 31' 121 13'
Small seams of asbestos of unknown variety in
serpentine. 39 28' 121 03'
Placer County
Chrysotile asbestos. Logan, 1927. 39°17' 120°35'
Short-fiber chrysotile asbestos in serpentine.
Los**, 1927. 39 14' 120 48'
Anthophyllite in serpentine. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 39°12! 120°47'
-------
A-38
TABLE .A-10.(continued)
White slip-fiber tremolite. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 39°06' 120°51'
El Dorado County
Asbestos of unknown variety. Clark and Carlson, 1956;
Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 38°56' 120°55'
Chrysotile (?) asbestos. Clark and Carlson, 1956;
Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 38°52' 120°49I
Amador County
Deposits are the amphibole asbestos type
General Reference: Wiebelt and Smith, 1959
38°22! 120°54'
38°20' 120°45f
Calaveras County
Veinlets of chrysotile asbestos associated with a
chromite deposit in a schistose serpentinized saxonite.
Cater, 1948. 38°14' 120°48'
Asbestos occurrence of unknown variety. Wiebelt and
Smith, 1959. 38°13' 120°41'
Chrysotile asbestos veinlets in serpentine. Wiebelt
and Smith, 1959. 38°14' 120°30'
Veins and veinlets of slip-fiber tremolite or
actinolite. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 38°08' 120°30'
Short-fiber chrysotile asbestos. Wiebelt and Smith,
1959. 38°01' 120°38'
Cross-fiber chrysotile in serpentinized saxonite.
Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 37°56' 120 33'
Tuolumne County
Chrysotile asbestos seams in serpentine
General Reference: Wiebelt and Smith, 1959
37°57' 120°27'
37°47' 120°17'
Madera County
Amphibole asbestos. Logan, 1950. 37°19' 119°45'
Fresno County
Short-fiber asbestos of unknown variety. Logan and
:-hers, 1951. 36°16' 120°34«
-------
A-39
TABLE A-10 (continued)
San Benito County
All deposits are chrysotile asbestos in sheared serpentine
Laizure, 1926. 36°22' 120°46'
Averill, 1947. 36°20' 120°43'
California Department of Natural Resources, Division
of Mines, 1957. 36°21' 120°36'
Monterey County
jrpentine. Lc
Inyo County
Stewart, 19^
Cross-fiber chrysotile asbestos veins in serpentinized
limestone. Bowles, 1955; Rice, 1957. 36°37' 117°31'
Slip-fiber Lreraolite in a fault zone in limestone and
dolomite. Norman and Stewart, 1951. 36°31' 117°55'
Chrysotile asbestos veins in serpentine. Laizure, 1925. 35 52' 121 17'
Amphibole asbestos. Norman and Stewart, 1951. 36°49' 117°27f
Chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. Tucker, 1929. 35°20' 118°09'
Kern County
Lne. Tucker,
Amphibole asbestos in serpentine. Tucker, 1929;
Tucker and others, 1949. 34°49' 119°09'
Los Angeles County
Short-fiber chrysotile asbestos along a shear zone in
chloritized shale. -Gay and Hoffman, 1954. 34°20' 118°27I
San Bernardino County
Amphibole and chrysotile (?) asbestos in dolomitic
limestone. Tucker and Sampson, 1931. 35°07' 116°00'
Cross- and slip-fiber tremolite asbestos in quartz
schist. Bowen, 1954. 34 49' 117 15'
Riverside County
General Reference: Tucker and Sampson, 1945
Amphibole asbestos in a shear zone in granite. 33 46' 117 16*
Veins of slip-fiber tremolite in schist. 33°37' 116°29'
Narrow seams of amphibole asbestos. 33 36* 116 26*
Amphibole asbestos in belt of serpentine schist. 33 36* 116 29"
-------
A-40
TABLE A-11. MINING ACTIVITY IN CALIFORNIA
County
Alameda
Alpine
Amador
Butte
Calaveras
Colusa
Contra Costa.
Del Norte.
El Dorado.
Fresno
Glenn
Humboldt.
Imperial
Inyo
Kern.
Kings
Lake
Lassen
Los Angeles.
Madera
Marin
Mariposa..
Mendocino.
Merced
Modoc
Mono
Monterey.-
Napa
Nevada.
Orange..
Placer
Plumas
Riverside.
Sacramento
San Benito
San Bernardino.
San Diego
San Francisco...
San Jnaquin
San Luis Obispo
San Mateo
Santa Barbara..
Santa Clara.
Santa Cruz.
Shasta
Sierra
Siskiyou
Solano
Sonoma.
Stanislaus...
Sutler
Tehama
Trinity
Tularc
Tuolumne
Ventura
Yolo
Yuba
Undistributed >.
Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value
Sand and gravel, salt, stone, clays, petroleum.
Silver, gold, stone, copper, lead, zinc, sand and grave).
Sand and gravel, stone, clays, coal.
Natural gas, sand anil gravel.
Cement, asbestos, stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Natural gas, sand and gravel, stone, mercury.
Stone, natural gas, petroleum, lime, Kami and gravel, clays,
peat, mercury.
Sand and gravel, clays, stone.
Stone, lime, sand anil gravel, talc.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas, asbestos, natural
gas liquids, stone, gold, tungsten, clays, silver.
Natural gas, sand and gravel, lime, stone.
Sand and gravel, natural gas, stone.
Sand and gravel, gypsum, lime, clays, stone.
Tungsten, talc, zinc, molybdenum, silver, stone, lead, sand
and gravel, copper, boron compounds, perlite, clays, gold.
Petroleum, boron compounds, natural gas, cement, natural
gas liquids, sand anil gravel, stone, gypsum, sodium sulfatc,
clays, salt, carbon dioxide, pumice, tungsten.
Natural gas, natural gas liquids, petroleum, sand and (ravel.
Sand and gravel, pumice, mercury, stone.
I'umire, sand and gravel, stone.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas, natural gas liquid*,
stone, clays, lime, zinc, copper.
Natural gas, sand and gravel, stone, clays, pumice.
Stone, clays, mercury.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone, mercury, gold.
Sand and gravel, stone, pumice.
Sand and gravel, pumice, clays, talc, gold.
Petroleum, magnesium compounds, stone, lime, sand and
gravel, feldspar, natural gas.
Salt, stone, mercury, clays, diatomite, sand and gravel,
pumice.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas, natural ga* liquids,
clays, lime, peat.
Sand and gravel, clays, stune, gold.
Sand and gravel, stune, gold.
Iron ore, cement, sand and gravel, stune, clays, petroleum,
natural gas.
Natural gas, sand and gravel, petroleum, stone, gold, clays,
silver.
Cement, stone, asbestos, mercury, sand and gravel, petroleum,
clays, natural gas.
Cement, bonm compounds, stone, sand and gravel, potassium
salts, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, rare-earth
minerals, salt, petro,eum. clays, lime, calcium-magnesium
rhluride, talc, iron ore, bromine, lithium minerals, natural
gas, tungsten, pumice, gypsum, silver, gold, copper.
Sand and gravel, stone, salt, magnesium compounds, clays,
lead, gold, silver, copper, zinc.
Sand and gravel.
Natural gas, sand and gravel, lime, stone, gold, silver.
Petroleum, stone, natural gas, sand and gravel, mercury,
gypsum, clays.
Salt, magnesium compounds, cement, atone, sand and gravel,
petroleum, natural ga-s.
Petroleum, diatomite, natural gas, natural Kan liquids, sand
and gravel, lime, mercury, stone.
Cement, stone, sand and gravel, mercury.
Cement, stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Cement, sand and gravel, stone, pumice, clays, barite, gold,
silver.
Sand and gravel, gold.
Pumice, sand and gravel, stone.
Natural gas, petroleum, stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, mercury, stone, clays, natural gas.
Sand and gravel, clays, gold, silver, stone.
Natural gas, sand and gravel, clays.
Natural gas, sand and gravel, stone, pumice.
Stone, sand and gravel, mercury, gold.
Sand and gravel, lime, natural gas, stone, petroleum, clays.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and gravel,
stone, clays.
Sand and gravel, natural gas, lime, petroleum.
Sand and gravel, atone, clays.
' Includes Federal oihhore pot-oleum anil natural tas, copper, gem ..tones, mercury, Hand and gravel, and
tungsten that cannot be assigned to Kptcitic counties, and v^li.et- indicated liy nymhol W.
-------
A-41
Source References
(32) Mines and Mineral Resources of Siskiyou County, Averill, C. V.,
1935, California Journal Mines and Geology, j[l (3).
(33) Mineral Resources of Shasta County, 1939, California Journal
Mines and Geology, _35 (2).
(34) Geology and Mineral Deposits of Barstow Quadrangle, San Bernardino
County, California, Bowen, O.E., Jr., 1954, California Division
Mines, Bulletin 165.
(35) The Asbestos industry, Bowles, Oliver, 1955, U.S. Bureau of Mines
Bulletin 552.
(36) Geology of Lower Lake Quadrangle, California, Brice, J. C., 1953,
California Division Mines Bulletin 166.
(37) Crhomite Deposits of Calaveras and Amador Counties, California,
Cater, F. W., Jr., 1948, California Division Mines Bulletin 134,
pt. 3, chapter 2.
(38) Mines and Mineral Resources of El Dorado County, California,
Clark, W. B. and Carlson, D. W., 1956, California Journal Mines
and Geology, J52 (4).
(39) Mines and Mineral Deposits of Los Angeles County, California,
Gay, T. E., Jr. and Hoffman, S. R., 1954, California Journal Mines
and Geology, J50 (3-4).
(40) Monterey County, Laizure, C. McK., 1925, California Report State
Mineralogist, JH. (1).
(41) Placer County, Logan, C. W., 1927, California Report State
Mineralogist, 2_3 (3).
(42) Mineral Resources of Nevada County, 1941, California Journal of
Mines and Geology, 37 (3).
(43") Current Mining Activity in Plumas County, Logan, C, A., 1943,
California Journal Mines and Geology, 39 (1).
(44) Mines and Mineral Resources of Madera County, California, 1950,
California Journal Mines and Geology, 4j> (4).
(45) Mines and Mineral Resources of Inyo County, Norman, L. A. and
St-p-vart-j R. M. , 1951, California Journal Mines and Geology,
47 (1).
(46) Mines and Mineral Resources of Yuba County, O'Brien, J. C.,
1952, California Journal Mines and Geology, _48 (2).
-------
A-42
(47) Asbestos in Wright, L. A., ed., Mineral Commodities of California,
Rice, S. J., 1957, California Division Mines Bulletin 176.
(48) Kern County, Tucker, W. B., 1929, California Report State
Mineralogist, _25 (1).
(49) San Bernardino County, Tucker, W. B. and Sampson, R. J., 1931,
California Report State Mineralogist, 21_ (3).
(50) Mineral Resources of Kern County, Tucker, W. B., Sampson, R. J.,
and Oakeshott, G. B., 1949, California Journal Mines and Geology,
45 (2).
(51) A Reconnaissance of Asbestos Deposits in the Serpentine Belt of
Northern California, Wiebelt, F. J. and Smith, M. C., 1959,
U.S. Bureau of Mines Inf. Circ. 7860.
-------
A-43
Colorado
The state of Colorado has fairly extensive regions of igneous
and metamorphic which are likely sources of asbestifonn minerals. These
regions are shown in Figure A-10. The state is divided geologically
by the Rocky Mountains into three parts. The eastern part, in the
Great Plains province, is characterized geologically be relatively
undisturbed, flat-lying sedimentary rocks. Here the conditions are
unfavorable for the formation of asbestifonn mineral phases. The
middle part of the state, the mountain province has igneous,
metamorphic, and sedimentary rock divided into many complex structural
units. The western portion of the state, in the Plateau province, is
characterized by relatively undisturbed sedimentary rocks into which
are stream-cut valleys and canyons.
The eastern and western parts of the state generally possess
geologic conditions unfavorable to the formation of asbestifonn
mineral phases and need not be dealt with further in the present study.
The middle portion of the state, however, has geologic conditions
favorable to the formation of asbestifonn mineral phases and may provide
sources of fugitive asbestos emissions. Within this area are intrusive
granitic rocks of both Precombrian and Genogoic age and associated
metamorphic rocks. Counties of prime interest are Routt, Jackson,
Larimer, Grand, Boulder, Gilpin, Clear Creek, Jefferson, Summit, Eagle,
Pitkin, Lake, Park, Douglas, Feller, Colorado Springs, Fremont, Chaffee,
Gunnison, Sagusche, Custer, Pueblo, Huerfano, Costilla, Las Animos,
Moffat, Hinsdal, San Juan, and La Plato.
Despite the widespread area of favorable geologic conditions,
no specific mention of asbestifonn mineral occurrences in mining sites
has been found for the state in the general literature. Some of the mine
sites investigated are indicated in Figure A-10. Mining districts
investigated include the Climax molybdenum deposit in Lake County, the
Gilman District zinc deposits in Eagle County, the Leadville Districts
gold-silver-copper-lead-zinc mines in Lake County, and the deposits of
-------
Area of igneous and
metamorphic rock
LARIMER
JACKSON
Mining areas investi-
gated with no asbesti-
form materials reported
BOULDER
DOUGLAS
vrx . \.» I
COLORADO
SPRINGS
GUNNISON
FREMONT
HINSDAL SAGUACHE
HUERFANO
LAS ANIMAS
LA PLATA
COSTILLA
•FTGURE A-1.O. OCCURRENCE OF TCNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK TN COLORADO
-------
A-45
silver-copper-lead-zinc in the San Juan Mountains of San Juan and Hinsdal
Counties. Though no specific mention of abestifonn minerals was found
in the literature searched, given the regional geology, there is little
doubt of their existence in the central Colorado area.
From the population map in Figure A-10, it is seen that the area
of interest is one of relatively low population density. Mining activity
in this area is given in Table A-12.
Source References
(2) Asbestos in the United States,
A. H. Chidester and A. F, Shride, 1962
USGS Map MR-17
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States,
A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962
USGS Map MR-31
(52) Geological Map of Colorado,
W. S. Burbank, T. S. Loveriug, E, N. Goddard, and
E. B. Eckel, 1935
U.S. Geological Survey
(53) The Mineral Industry of Colorado, A. Kuklis,
U.S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook
(54) Mineral and Water Resources of Colorado,
Senate Document No. 115, 90th Congress, 2nd Session, 1968,
-------
A-46
TABLE A-12.
•Value of mineral production in Colorado, by county
(Thousands)
County
Admins
Alamoaa
Arapahoe
ArchuUU
Baem
•Beat
Boulder
Chaffee
Cheyenne .
Clear Creek
Cooeios
Costilla
Crow ley
Custer
Delta
Denver ....
Dolores
Douglas
Eagle
Elbert
EIPa»o
Fremont
Gmrteld
Gilpin
Grand
Gunnison .
Hinsdale
Huerfano
Jackson . ..
Jefferson
Kiowa
Kit Carson
Lake
La Plata
Larimer ...
Las Animas
Lincoln
Ix>gan
Mesa
Mineral
Moffat
Monies mna
Montroee). .
Morgan
Otenr.
Ourajr
Park!
Phillips
Pitkin
Pueblo
Rio. Grande
Routt . .
Saguache .
San Juan .
Sedgwtek
Teller
Washington
Weld
Yuma
Undistributed'
Total'
1970
$7.819
W
8,798
W
1,401
W
8,692
W
1.964
W
65
W
W
93
6,028
W
1,838
755
11,257
102
2,159
12,187
8,400
W
W
6.471
50
199
W
W
8,713
. ... W
109,820
7,516
8.897
8,186
W
W
W
W
9.822
1,081
'18,606
W
879
W
168
W
W
W
$2,314
41,254
W
. . 7.823
57
. . W
18,518
725
855
347
W
. . 8.295
W
82,935
. -889.824
1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value
$8 , 986 Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas, lime, gold, stone,
lead, copper, silver, zinc.
W Sand and gravel, stone, peat.
14,178 Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas liquids, natural
gas, stone.
W Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas, stone.
1,238 Natural gas, sand and gravel, petroleum.
27 Sand and gravel, natural gas, petroleum, clays.
14,739 Cement, sand and gravel, fluorspar, stone, lime, clays.
peat, gold, petroleum, silver, copper.
W Stone, sand and gravel, peat.
1,380 Petroleum, sand and gravel, stone, natural gas.
W Molybdenum, sand and gravel, stone, mica.
W Sand and gravel, silver, gold.
W Pumice.
67 Sand and gravel.
78 Perlite, sand and gravel, stone, clays.
4,962 Coal, sand and gravel, lime.
220 Sand and gravel.
681 Zinc, lead, silver, copper, sand and gravel, stone, gold,
natural gas, petroleum.
2,094 Sand and gravel, stone, clays.
11,918 Zinc, lead, silver, sand and gravel, gold, copper, pumice,
stone.
374 Petroleum, sand and gravel, clays, natural gas.
4,076 Sand and gravel, stone, clays.
14,933 Cement, stone, coal, gypsum, sand and gravel, days,
petroleum, uranium, beryllium, feldspar.
2,779 Vanadium, sand and gravel, natural gas, pumice, stone,
coal.
20 Peat, stone, silver, lead, gold, copper.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
7,166 Coal, sand and gravel, silver, lead.
W Stone. •
W Coal, sand and gravel, stone.
W Fluorspar, natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel, stone.
9,735 Uranium, sand and gravel, clays, stone, gold, silver.
4,546 Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, petroleum.
87,174 Molybdenum, tungsten, zinc, lead, gold, silver, sand and
gravel, tin, copper, pyrites, stone.
7,103 Natural gas. natural gas liquids, sand and gravel, petro-
leum, coal, stone.
9 , 996 Cement, stone, sand and gravel, petroleum, lime, gypsum.
natural gas, natural gas liquids, mica.
6,410 Coal, sand and gravel, clays, stone.
40 Sand and gravel.
6,958 Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and
gravel, lime.
6 , 907 Vanadium, uranium, sand and gravel, natural gas, natural
gas liquids, coal, stone.
W Silver, zinc, lead, copper, sand and gravel, gold.
9 , 190 Natural gas, petroleum, natural gas liquids, coal, sand and
gravel.
1,872 Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas, carbon dioxide.
stone.
12,022 Vanadium, uranium, coal, sand and gravel, salt, atone.
4,826 Natural gas liquids, petroleum, natural gas, lime, aand
and gravel.
W Lime, sand and gravel.
W Zinc, lead, copper, silver, gold, aand and gravel.
118 Sand and gravel, peat, stone, gold.
--
W Coal, iron ore, Band ami gravel, natural 'gas.
W Sanil and gravel, petroleum, stone.
$3.189 San-l and gravel, lime, clays, stone.
46.H43 Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, stone.
W Copper, sand and gravel, gold, silver, stone.
7,335 Coal, sand and gravel, petroleum, pumice, natural gas.
54 Sand and gravel, stone, pumice.
4.K90 Zinr, lead, gold, copper, silver, natural gas, sand and
20 096 Vanadium, uranium, zinc, copper, lead, silver, gold, sand
and gravel, natural gas, petroleum, stone.
W Sand and gravel, lime, stone.
W Sand and gravel, zinc, lead, silver, gold.
248 Natural gas, peat, sand and gravel, stone.
12,013 Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel, stone.
6,817 Petroleum, coal, sand and gravel, lime, stone.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
37.423
892.724
' Revised. W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undls-
i Includes gem stones, some stone and sand and gravel that cannot be assigned to specific counties, and values
indicated by symbol W.
' Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-47
Connecticut
The occurrence of metamorphic rocks in Connecticut is extensive
except in the Connecticut River Valley in the central part of the state.
As can be seen in the map, Figure A-ll, metamorphic rocks appear in all
eight counties of the state. Many of the o.ormations are metamorphosed
basic volcanics and associated products. The metamorphic rocks in the
western zone include genisses, schists, phyllites, quartzites, and marbles
having local concentrations of tremolite. The metamorphic rocks in the
east consist mainly of gneisses and schists. Deposits of asbestiform
minerals and soapstone are present in Litchfield and New Haven counties.
The geographical locations of these deposits are shown in Figure A-ll
and locations and descriptions are tabulated in Table A-13.
The current mining and quarrying activities in the state by
county are summarized in Table A-14. Asbestiform mineral occurrences
have not been reported from these operations.
TABLE A-13, ASBESTOS DEPOSITS IN CONNECTICUT
Litchfield County
(1) Satan's Kingdom Deposit. A large vein of pyrophyllite. 41°51* 72°59'
New Haven County
(2) Maltby Lakes. Slip- and cross-fiber chrysotile in .
serpentinite. 41°18» 72°59'
Soapstone Deposits
Litchfield County
(1) Torrington-New Hartford area. Soapstone probably Q Q
related to serpentinite. Rice and Gregory, 1906. 41 51' 73 02'
New Haven County
(2) Maltby Lakes. Soapstone associated with, serpentinite. 41 18' 72 58*
-------
Metamorphic rocks
Asbestos occurrences
D Talc or soapstone occurrences
5 to is
Miles
>
.p-
00
FIGURE A-ll. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS IN CONNECTICUT
-------
A-49
TABLE A-14. MINERAL ACTIVITY IN CONNECTICUT
County Commodity
Fairfield Sand and gravel
Hartford Clay
Sand and gravel
Crushed and dimension stone
Litchfield Sand and gravel
Crushed stone
Middlesex Clay
Feldspar
Sand and gravel
New Haven Clay
Sand and gravel
Crushed and dimension stone
New London Sand and gravel
Crushed quartzite
To Hand None
Windham Sand and gravel
Crushed and dimension stone
-------
A-50
Source References
(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians
Benjamin A. Morgan, 1972
U.S.G.S. Map 1-724.
/2\ Asbestos in the United States
A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962
U.S.G.S. Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States
A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962
U.S.G.S. Map MR-31.
(55) Geological Map of Connecticut
J. Rodgers, et al, 1956
Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey.
(56) Mineral Deposits and Occurrences in Connecticut Exclusive of Clay,
Sand and Gravel, and Peat
N. C. Pearre, 1957 '
U.S.G.S. Map MR-7.
(57) The Mineral Industry of Connecticut
R. A. Clifton, 1971
U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-51
Delaware
The band of metamorphic rocks that are a prominent geologic
feature of mid-state Maryland extend into the northernmost part of
Delaware (Newcastle County) as shown in Figure A-12. Within the
metamorphic rock area of Newcastle County there are gneisses, gabbro,
granite, amphibolite, schists, marble, and a small body of serpentine.
These rocks are believed to be of Paleoyoic age. The balance of the
formations in Delaware appear to be Cretaceous and younger.
There are no current mining activities in Delaware. The
quarrying operations include: in Newcastle County, clay is produced
by the Delaware Brick Company and seven companies recover sand and
gravel. There have not been any asbestiform minerals reported in the
production of these commodities. A county by county tabulation of the
mineral production is given in Table A-15.
-------
A-52
Serpentine
IllllHi Amphibolite
Metamorphic rocks
Wilmington
to 20 30
Miles
FIGURE A-12. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN DELAWARE
-------
A-53
TABLE A-15. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN DELAWARE
Commodity and company
Address
Type of activity
County
Clay:
Delaware Brick Co.
Gypsum, calcined:
Georgia-Pacific Corp.
Sand and gravel:
Barber Sand and Gravel.
Clough & Caulk Sand &
Gravel,
Delaware Sand & Gravel.
George Naahold, Inc..
Material Transit, Inc.
Parkway Gravel, Inc
Petrillo Brothers, Inc
St. Jonea River Gravel Co
Swain Construction Co . ...
Wellington's Sand & Gravel
Co.
Woodlawn Gravel Co
River Rd.
New Castle, Del. 19720
P.O. Box 311
Portland, Oreg. 97207
R.F.D. 1
Harrington, Del. 19952
Route 1, Box 129
Wyoming, Del. 19934
R.D. 2, Box 286
New Castle, Del. 19720
D»x 286
Krpdcrira, Del. 19946
Box 210
924 South Herald St.
Wilmington, Del. 19800
404* New Castle Ave.
Nt-w Castle, Del. 19720
Box 426
Wilmington, Del. 19809
Box 426
Dover, Del. 19901
Unc-oln, Del. 19960
U.S. Route 40
Hear. Del. 19701
Box ur.61
Wilmington, Del. 19805
Pit Newcastle.
Plant Do.
Pit Kent.
Pit Do.
Pit Newcastle.
Pit Kent.
Pit.. Newcastle.
Pit.
Pit.
Pit.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Pit Sussex.
Pit Newcastle.
Pit.
Do.
Source References
(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians
Benjamin A. Morgan, 1972
USGS Map 1-724.
(58) Generalized Geologic Map of Delaware
N. Spoljaric and R. R. Jordan, 1966
Delaware Geological Survey, Wilmington, Delaware.
(59) The Mineral Industry of Delaware
R. T. MacMillan, 1971
U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-54
Florida
The mineral production in Florida is not large but it is
varied as indicated by the description of the county by county production
given in Table A-164 The notable commodities are zirconium and
titanium concentrates produced from beach sands, phosphate rock, stone,
sand, and gravel, and fossil fuels. There are no activities in rocks
where fibrous amphibole minerals might occur.
TABLE A-16.
Value of mineral production in Florida, by county
(Thousands)
County
Alachua
Bay
Bradford
Brevard
Broward
Calhoun
Charlotte
Citrus
Clay
Collier
Dade
Duval
Escambia
Franklin
Gadsden
GilchriBt
Glades -
Gulf -
Hamilton —
Hendry
Hemando
Hillsborough
Jackson.
Lake
Lee
Leon
Levy
Manatee
Marion
Monroe
Okaloooa
Orange
Palm Beach
Pinellas
Polk
Putnam
Santa Rosa
St. Lueie
Sumter
Suwannee ....
Taylor
Voluaia
Walton
Undistributed •
Total'
1970
$1.335
W
W
11,980
4
W
1.941
W
W
36.184
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
20.041
W
1.487
W
W
W
W
2,662
616
W
W
W
W
140,698
W
W
2.444
W
W
W
W
W
81.953
300.042
1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value
$1,596 Stone.
94 Sand and gravel.
W Natural gas liquids.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
13,627 Stone, tirconium concentrates, sand and
gravel.
W Sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, atone.
2,274 Stone, clays, phosphate rock.
W llmenite, sand and gravel, staurolite, clay*
kyanite.
W Petroleum, stone, natural gas.
65,022 Cement, stone, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, clays.
4 Peat, sana and gravel.
11 ,803 Clays.
W Phosphate rock.
W Magnesium compounds, lime.
W Phosphate rock.
W Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
W Stone, lime.
W Cement, stone, sand and gravel, peat.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
1,600 Sand and gravel.
W Stone, petroleum, natural gas.
409 Sand and gravel.
W Stone.
2,634 Stone, clays, sand and gravel, phosphat
rock.
W Stone.
W Sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, peat.
1,038 Stone, sand and gravel.
W Do.
160,726 Phosphate rock, sand and gravel, peat.
W Sand and gravel, clays, peat.
> W Petroleum, natural gas.
1 ,689 Sand and gravel, stone, peat.
W Stone, lime, peat.
W Stone.
W Do.
W Sand and gravel.
101,315
343,731
1
9
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data, included with "Undistributed."
1 The following counties are not listed because no production was reported: Baker, Columbia, DeSoto, Dixie,
Flagler, Hardee, Highlands, Holmes, Indian River, Jefferson. Lafayette, Liberty, Madison, Martin, Nassau,
Okeechobee, Osceola, Pasco, St. John's, Saraaota, Scminole, Union, Wakulla, and Washington.
' Includes value of petroleum and natural gas from Escambia County.
' Includes value of natural gas (1970), natural gas liquids (1970), and counties indicated by symbol W.
« Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-53
Georgia
The metamorphosed region of northern Georgia is very extensive
as indicated on Figure A-13 which also identifies the counties of primary
interest. The counties of interest were identified from the Georgia
State Mineral Resource Map and the Mining Directory. The commodities
produced in the counties of primary interest are summarized in the
tabulation. There is no current asbestos mining in the state of Georgia
although in the past there were such activities in the counties of
White (Number 10 on Figure A-13), Habersham (11), Rabun (5), Barrow '24),
and Meriwether (31). Currently there is no mineral extraction operations
in White, Habersham, or Meriwether counties. Sand and gravel are
dredged in Barrow County by the Collins Sand Company (Route 3, Monroe,
Georgia 30655). A porphyritic granite gneiss is crushed to sand and
aggregate for use in portland and asphalt cement sand and gravel are
produced for road construction by the Rabun Quarries, Inc. (Rabun Gap,
Georgia 30568) in Rabun County. While there are dunite deposits and
fibrous mineral occurrences in Rabun County there are no reports of
current commercial extraction of these materials.
The northern counties of Georgia, in addition to Rabun
County, are Murray, Fannin, Union, and Towns Counties, the geologic
features of which may be characterized by the widespread occurrence of
highly altered rock bodies. There are found talc mines and a mill in
Murray County, for example, which are operated by the Southern
Talc Company (P.O. Box F, Chatsworth, Georgia 30705). These are located
in and around Chatsworth, Georgia (population approximately 2000), where
the mineral products are ground for use in paint, crayons, rubber, roofing,
insecticides, asphalt, lubricants, and dusting agents. Since in the
northern counties, the talc deposits commonly contain other alteration
minerals, (e.g., anthophyllite), it is likely that the mining operations
of Murray County encounter considerable fibrous minerals in their
production of talc. The crushed rock (quartz and quartzite) producer
in Fannin County, Stone Products Corporation (P.O. Box 8, Blue Ridge,
Georgia 30513), and the crushed granite (biotite gneiss) producer in
-------
A-56
Numbered counties are
those of primary interest
Paleozoic sediments
Igneous
and metamorphic
FIGURE A-13. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS AND METAMPHORIC
ROCK IN GEORGIA
-------
A-57
Union County, Colwell Construction Company (P.O. Box 6, Blairsville,
Georgia 30512), might encounter fibrous minerals in their operations also.
In fact, all of the operations listed in the previous tabulation, would
possibly encounter fibrous minerals in their activities since the
prevalence of altered metamorphic rocks in northern Georgia is widespread.
The occurrence of asbestos, talc, and soapstone deposits as described in
the USGS Mineral Resources Maps (MR-17 and MR-31) are given in Tables A-17,
A-1'8, and A-19.
-------
A-58
TABLE A-17. COUNTIES OF NORTHERN GEORGIA OF PRIMARY INTEREST
County
Commodity
Murray
Fannin
Union
Towns
Rabun
Gilmer
Pickens
Daw son
Lumpkin
White
Habersham
Stephens
Cherokee
Forsyth
Hall
Banks
Franklin
Hart
Haralson
Paulding
Cobb
Fulton
Gwinnett
Barrow
Jackson
Carroll
Douglas
Heard
Coweta
Troup
Meriwether
Harris
DeKalb
Clayton
Fayette
Talc(a)
Crushed Marble, Quartz, Quartznite, Chert
Crushed GraniteO3)
No Current Mining Activity(b»c)
Crushed Granite(&>d)
Crushed Marble
Flagstone, Crushed and Dimension Marble
No Current Mining Activity
No Current Mining Activity
No Current Mining Activity(e)
No Current Mining Activity(e)
Crushed Granite
Talc(f)
Crushed Granite, Sand
Crushed Granite, Crushed Marble
Crushed Granite
No Current Mining Activity
Mica
No Current Mining Activity
No Current Mining Activity
Crushed Granite
Crushed and Dimension Granite, Sand, Clays
Crushed Granite
Gravel, Sand(e)
Sand
No Current Mining Activity
Crushed Granite, Gravel, Sand, Clays
No Current Mining Activity
No Current Mining Activity
No Current Mining Activity
No Current Mining Activity^6)
No Current Mining Activity
Crushed and Dimension Granite, Sand
Crushed Granite
Crushed Granite
'a) Four active mines.
,o) These northernmost counties of Georgia are in the Forsterite
Olivine deposits belt which is located chiefly in Western
North Carolina.
(c) Towns county has the Buck Creek Dunite deposite. Some of the
cunite is altered to chlorite, serpentinized dunite, and talcy
vermiculite.
Cd) Rabun County has Ellijoy, Burton Lake, and Laurel Creek Olivine
and Dunite deposits. Alteration minerals are common. The Burton
Lake deposit has been prospected for slip fiber asbestos. The
Laurel Creek deposit contains up to 20 percent talc and
anthophyllite and other alteration minerals are common.
(e) Counties where asbestos mining has previously been accomplished.
(f) One active mine.
-------
A-59
TABLE A-18. THE OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS IN GEORGIA
Rabun County
1. Pine Mountain area (Laurel
Creek, Kicks and Fig Pen Moun-
tain). Long-fiber anthophyllite
asbestos associated with peri-
dotite (dunite). Hunter, 1941.
2. Mill Creek area. Anthophyllite
asbestos in harzburgite.
3. Dillard area prospects. Amphi- .
bole asbestos in serpentinized
dunite.
4. Andrew Gennett property. Mass-
fiber amphibole asbestos.
5. Burton mine. Chrysoitle asbes-
tos in peridotite. Bowles, 1955.
Habersham County
6. Mack Mountain deposit! Antho-
phyllite asbestos associated with
talcose and chloritic schist.
Bowles. 1955.
7. Hollywood mine. Mass-fiber an-
thophyllite asbestos associated
x with peridotite and pyroxenite.
Bowles, 1955; Reifsneider, 1925.
8. Sautee Creek (Berrong). Mass-
fiber amphibole asbestos asso-
ciated with massive serpentine
rock.
34*57' 83*11'
34°59' 83°18'
34*59' 83°25'
34*53' 83*20'
34*51' 83*35'
34°45' 83°36'
34e39' 83*27'
34*42' 83*38'
White County
9. Sail Mountain-Calhoun mines.
Mass-fiber anthophyllite asbes-
tos in biotite-granite gneiss.
Bowles, 1955.
10. Cleveland mine. Talcose asbes-
tos near contact of granite
gneiss with schists and horn-
blende gneiss. Bowles, 1955.
39*40' 83*41'
34*37' 83*45'
Barrow County
11. Arnold mine. Cross-and mass- 33*58'
fiber amphibole asbestos. Bowles
1955.
Coweta County
12. Moreland area. Cross-fiber am-
phibole asbestos associated with
biotite granite and hornblende
gneiss. Bowles, 1955.
83°35'
33*17' 84*46'
Meriwether County
13. Luthersville (Camp property). 33*12' 84*45'
Cross- and slip-fiber amphi-
bole asbestos in talcose rock
associated with granite or
granite gneiss. Bowles, 1955.
Troup County
14. Bryan property near West Point. 32*53' 84*55'
Cross-fiber amphibole asbestos
veins in talcose reck probably
derived from peridotite. Bowles,
1955.
(Localities by North Latitude and West Longitude)
-------
A-60
TABLE A-19. THE OCCURENCE OF TALC AND SOAPSTONE IN .GEORGIA
1. Swcctgun aiea, J. L. Grey, and unnamed 34°58' 84*12'
prospects.
2. Mineral Bluff area (John Harper, J. B. 34*54' 84°15'
Dickey, and W. T. S. and G. M. Dickey
mines and prospect).
3. Blue Ridge area, J. W. Wishon property. 34 * 50' 84 ° 21'
Qutsworth district. Deposits consist of talc-carbonate and
talc rock probably altered from dolomitic portions of the
Cohutta Schist but possibly derived from ultramafic igneous
rocks. Furcron and Teague, 1947; Hopkins, 1914.
4. Fort Mountain, Mill Creek, Earnest, and 34°47' 84*42'
Lindsay mines.
3. Southern, Cohutta, and Latch mines; 34*46' 84*43*
Fields, Hammock, and Russell prospects.
d. Old Cohutta, Judge's Pit, Georgia, and 34°44' 84°43'
Bramlet mines; Bramlet prospect.
7. Pickering, Rock Creek Road, and Chick- 34°43' 84°43'
en Creek mines.
8. Dillards area. Soapstonc probably asso- 34°57' 83° 26'
ciated with ultramafic igneous rocks.
Hopkins, 1914.
9. Mack and Wolfpit Mountains. Soap- 34e46' 83'37*
stone and talc rock probably associated
with ultramafic igneous rocks. Hop
kins, 1914.
10. Cleveland. Soapstonc probably associ- 34*37' 83*45'
ated with ultramafic igneous rocks.
Hopkins, 1914.
11. Cornelia. Anthophyllite probably 34° 33' 83° 33'
derived from mafic igneous rocks, but
parent rock unknown. Hopkins, 1914.
12. Soapstone Ridge. Anthophyllite prob- 34*26' 83*52*
ably derived from mafic igneous rocks,
parent rock unknown.
13. Dahloncga area. Soapstone probably 34*33' 83*56'
associated with mafic igneous rocks.
Hopkins, 1914.
,. ;lbcrton area, near Bethlehem Church. 34*03' 82*42'
-,oapstonc probably associated with
mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks.
Hopkins, 1914.
Center. Soapstonc probably associated 34*05' 83*24'
vith mafu- or ultramafic igneous rocks.
Hopkins, 1914.
. ... Pallground. Talc rock associated with 34*20' 84*25'
lurphy marble. Hopkins, 1914.
i'. Holly Springs. Soapstone probably 34*10' 84°3l'
associated with mafic or ultramafic
:gneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914.
18. Dallas area, Harris property. Soap- 33*59' 84 "52'
stone probably associated with mafic
or ultramafic igneous rock. Hopkins,
1914.
19. Conley. Soapstone probably associated 33*46' 84*20'
with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks.
Hopkins, 1914.
20. Phinizy area, near Appling. Soapstone 33*38' 82*14'
probably associated with mafic or ultra-
mafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914;
LcGrand and Furcron, 1956.
21. Villa Rica area. Soapstone probably 33*44' 84*56'
associated with mafic or ultramafic
igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914.
22. Carrollton area. Soapstone probably 33*35' 85°(M'
associated with mafic or ultramafic
igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914; May-
nard and others, 1923.
23. Centralhatchcc Creek. Soapstone prob- 33*24' 85 °08'
ably associated with mafic or ultra-
mafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914
Maynard and others, 1923.
24. St. Marks. Soapstone probably asso- 33*08' 84°50'
ciated with mafic or ultramafic igneous
rocks. Hopkins, 1914.
25. West Point area. Soapstonc probably 32*54' 85°10'
associated with mafic or ultramafic
rocks. Hopkins, 1914.
26. Chiplcy area. Soapstone probably 32B52f 84*52'
associated with mafic and ultramafic
igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914; May-
nard and others, 1923.
27. Mountain Creek area. Soapstone asso- 32*48' 84*59
ciated with mafic and ultramafic igne-
ous rocks. Hopkins, 1914.
28. Moore property. Soapstone probably 33°4l' 84*21
associated with mafic or ultramafic
igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914.
(Localities by North Latitude and West Longitude)
-------
A-61
Source References
(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians
Benjamin A. Morgan, 1972
USGS Map 1-724.
(2) Asbestos in the United States
A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962
USGS Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States
A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962
USGS Map MR-31.'
(60) Geologic Map of Georgia
J. W. Smith and M. A. Green, 1968
Georgia Department of Mines, Mining, and Geology
Atlanta, Georgia
(62) Forsterite Olivine Deposits of North Carolina and Georgia
Charles E. Hunter, 1941
Bulletin No. 41
North Carolina Division of Mineral Resourch
Raleigh, North Carolina
(63) Mining Directory of Georgia
A. C. Martin and L. P. Stafford, 1972
Circular No. Z
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Atlanta, Georgia
-------
A-62
Hawaii
The Hawaiian Islands are a southeast trending line of islands- about
1500 miles long. They are a part of the row of islands known as the
Hawaiian Archipelago. Figure A-14 shows the location of the Hawaiian
Archipelago. Each island is the summit of a great volcanic mountain
rising from the ocean floor, which have been modified by stream and wave
erosion. Each island consists of layers of molten rock that has issued
at intervals from the interior of the earth and hardened.
The minerals present in the Hawaiian Islands are given in Table
A-20. As can be seen, these minerals are igneous in origin. Very minor
amounts of metamorphism have occurred in the Hawaiian Island chain. There-
fore, the alterations of the sort that are considered metamorphic is very
small.
Metamorphism in the broad sense includes alterations brought about
by volcanic gases. This type of metamorphism has been noted to occur in
the calderas of the East Molokai volcano and Koolau volcano on Oahu.
This original pyroxene and olivine has been extensively altered to
serpentine and talc. A considerable amount of talc has been found in
the muds of Koneohe Bay. These muds were derived from the erosion of
Koolau caldera. A map showing the relative of location of these talc
deposits is given in Figure A-15. The presence of talc in Koneohe Bay
indicates the possible occurrence of fibrous amphiboles.
The mining or quarrying activity is very small in the islands.
The mining and quarrying activity is summarized in Table A-21.
-------
KURE
175"
I70C
MIDWAY
'PEARL AND HERMES REEF
LISIANSKI 1.
LAYS AN I.
40°
165'
160'
I55C
/
o
e
GARDNER I.
. FRENCH FRIGATE SHOAL
'NECKER i.
NIHOA I.
NIIHAU 0
KAULA I."
0
r-
200
i
400
Miles
^
KAUAI
•25"
MOLOKAI
K*S»
LANAI^'^MAUI
KAHOOLAWE~
HAWAII
•20«
FIGURE A-14. MAP OF THE HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO
-------
A-64
TABLE A-20. HAWAIIAN MINERALS
Quartz SiO2
Orthoclasc feldspar
Anorthoclase feldspar (K,Na)AlSi3Os
nl . , , , , (Albite NaAlSijOg
Plaeioclase feldspar < . , .
5 r lAnorthite
Nephelinc NaAlSiCU
Calcite CaCOs
Gypsum CaSO4'Il2O
Kaolinitc (clay) Al2Si2O5(OH)4
Gibbsite
Montmorillonite
Biotitc (black mica) H4K2(Mg,Fc)5 Al4Si5O24
Olivine (Mg,Fe)SiO4
IHypcrsthene (Mg,Fe)SiO3
Pigeonite (Mg.Fc)SiO3
Augite Ca(Mg,Fe)Si206-(Al,Fe)2O3
Magnetite
Hematite
Ilmcnite
Melilite
Chlorite
Limonite
Fe3O4
FeO*TiO2
Ca(Mg,Fe)2Si2O.7
(Mg,Fe)5(Al,Fe)2Si3Oio(OH)8
-------
Regional Geology: Oabn
KAMUKU POINT
I AhlLOA POINT
J MOKU HANU
ULUPAU HEAD
MOKAPU PENINSULA
*WO*ULIM IS
•
LAfttKAl
Idle
Occurrence
ON
Ui
QMAHAIIA I.
«*OMI«»1fO I.
,UAKAPUU
HEAD
NAUWA SAT
KOKO HEAD
FIGURE A-15. TALC OCCURRENCE ON ISLAND OF OAHU
-------
A-66
TABLE A-21. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN HAWAII
Island Company and Address
Oahu Hawaiian Cement Corp.
1600 Kapiolani Blvd.
Suite 1200
Honolulu, Hawaii 96814
Do. Kaiser Cement & Gypsum Corp.
Permanente Rd.
Permanente, Calif. 95014
Do. Pacific Clay Corp
547 Halekauwila St.
Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
Do. GasprO, Ltd.
P.O. Box 2454
Honolulu, Hawaii 96804
Maui. Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co
Ltd.
Puunene, Hawaii 96784
Do- Fong Construction Co., Ltd
237 Dairy Rd.
Kahului, Hawaii 96732
Molokai HC&D, Ltd
P.O. Box 190
Honolulu, Hawaii 96810
Hawaii. James Kuwana
P.O. Box 406
Pahoa, Hawaii 96778
Do. Hilo Coast Processing Co
Pepeekeo, Hawaii 96783
Do. Laupahoehoe Sugar Co
Papaaloa, Hawaii 96780
Do. Volcanite, Ltd
8282 Fort St.
Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
Oahu Tanaka Hawaiian Salt
968 D Akepo Lane
Honolulu, Hawaii 96817
Maui Concrete Industries, Inc
P.O. Box 86
Puunene, Hawaii 96784
Kauai Kekaha Sugar Co., Ltd
Kekaha, Hawaii 96752
Commodity
C ement
Cement
Clay
Lime
Lime
Pumice and volcanic cinder
Pumice and volcanic cinder
Sand and gravel
Pumice and volcanic cinder
Pumice and volcanic cinder
Pumice and volcanic cinder
Pumice and volcanic cinder
Salt
Sand and gravel
Sand and gravel
-------
A-67
TABLE A-21 (continued)
Maul Maul Concrete & Aggregates, Inc.
8 Central Ave.
Wailuku, Hawaii 96793
Kauai Louis K. Rego Trucking
Lihue, Hawaii 96766
Maul Concrete Industries, Inc.
P.O. Box 86
Puunene, Hawaii 96784
Hawaii James W. Glover, Ltd.
P.O. Box 275
Hilo, Hawaii 96720
Kauai Grove Farm Co., Inc.
Puhi Rural Station
Puhi, Hawaii 96766
Oahu Hawaiian Bitumuls & Paving Co. Ltd
P.O. Box 2240
Honolulu, Hawaii 96804
Do. Hawaiian Cement Corp
1600 Kapiolani Blvd
Suite 1200
Honolulu, Hawaii 96814
Do. HC&D, ltd
P.O. Box 190
Honolulu, Hawaii 96810
Do. Kaiser Cement & Gypsum Corp.
Permanente Rd.
Permanente, Calif. 95014
Do. Lone Star Industries, Pacific
Region
400 Alabama St.
San Francisco, Calif. 94110
Molokai Pacific Concrete & Rock Co., Ltd.
Oahu 2344 Pahounui Dr.
Honolulu, Hawaii 96819
Oahu Vermiculite of Hawaii, Inc.
842-A Mapunapuna St.
Honolulu, Hawaii 96819
Sand and gravel
Sand and gravel
Stone
Stone
Stone
Stone
Stone
Stone
Stone
Stone
Stone
Vermiculite (exfoliated)
-------
A-68
Source Reference
(64) Volcanoes in the Sea; The Geology of Hawaii, G. A. McDonald,
and A. T. Abbott, University of Hawaii Press, 441 pages
(including Geol. Sketch Maps), Honolulu, 1970.
(65) A Morphological and Mineralogical Study of the Gray Hydromorphic
Soils of the Hawaiian Islands» M. S. Hussain and L. D. Swindale,
Pac. Sci., vol 24, No. 4, p 543-553, 1970.
(66) Geol. Map Hau Desert Guad, QQ 827.
(67) Interaction Between Geol. and Urbanization in the Hawaiian Islands,
D. R. Runyan, et al., Ass. Eng. Geol. Ann. Meet Program Abstr,
p 22, 1970.
(68) Crystal Structure of the Island of Hawaii from Seismic
Refraction Measurement, D. P. Hill, Seismal. Soc. Amer. Bull.,
vol 59, No. 1, p 101-102, 1970.
(69) The Mineral Industry of Hawaii, Avery H. Reed, 1972, U.S. Bureau
of Mines Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-6"9
Idaho
Geologically, the state of Idaho includes parts from three
distinct physiographic provinces. These are the Northern Rocky
Mountain province, the Columbia Intermontane province, and the Basin
and Range province. The southeastern part of the state is within the
Basin and Range province and with the exception of a few extrusive
volcanic flows, is underlain largely with sedimentary rocks. Large
basalt flows extend from the southwest corner of the state in Owyhee
County to Fremont County in the eastern side of the state. The
Northern Rocky Mountain province occupies the central portion of the
state and contains a large granitic rock body, the Idaho batholith,
which extends northward from Elmore County and reaches as far north
as Clearwater County. From Clearwater County to the northern tip
of the state there is an area of metamorphic rocks, including argillites,
quartzites, gneisses, and schists. The western part of the state is
a part of the Columbia Intermontane province and contains volcanic
extrusive rocks as well as metamorphic sequence.
From the above discussion and from the map in Figure A-13,
it is seen that the majority of the state contains potentially favorable
geologic settings for the occurrence of asbestiform mineral phases.
Figure A-16 shows the location of known asbestos occurrences in Idaho.
Table A-22 gives their precise location and describes briefly the
mode of occurrence. The minerology of several mining areas, including
the larger mines in the Cocur d'Alene district, was investigated in
the literature with no mention of asbestiform mineral phases found.
Generally, the literature covered dealt mostly with ore minerals and
structural features, rather than with gangue components.
Mining activity in the state of Idaho is presented in
Table A-23 by county.
-------
A-70
Basalt flows
Igneous and metomorphic rocks
Reported asbestosform mineral
Defunct Idaho-Montana Asbestos
Co. mine (worked in I920's)
PAYETTE
GOODING
BOUNDARY
\
KOOTENAI
BENEWAH
SHOSHON
\V\\\\\
NCLEARWATER
NEZ PERCE
LEWIS
\\\\x
ADAMS/IVXVALLEY
FREMONT
BUTTE JEFFERSO
BONNEVILLE
S f
ELMORE ^
BINGHAM
CARIBOU
OWYHEE
FRANKLIN
WASHINGTON
FIGURE A-16. ASBESTOS OCCURRENCE IN IDAHO
-------
A-71
TABLE A -2 2.
Value of mineral production in Idaho, by county
(Thousands)
County
Ada
Adams .
Bannock
Rnr Lake
Benewah
Bingham
Bloine
Boise
Bonner
Bonneville
Boundary
Butte
Camas
Canyon
Caribou
Ca&sia a
Clark
Clearwater
Coster
Elmore
Fran klin
Fremont
Gem
Gooding .,
Idaho
Jefferson...
Jerome
Kootenai
Latah
Lemhi .
Lincoln ....
Madison
Minidoka
Nez Perec
Oneida
Owyhee
Payette
Power
Shoshone
Teton ,
Twin Falls
Washington
Undistributed1
1970
W
W
W
W
W
W
$380
W
W
755
28
W
1
710
.... 17,798
W
11
W
W
W
W
64
4
W
W
W
1.164
86
W
W
W
W
116
1
W
W
.... 70,185
281
887
W
27.277
1971
W
W
$4.899
324
W
W
10
77
W
1,281
90
W
1,655
14,204
147
5K
W
1.344
W
566
W
W
W
W
33
W
W
175
W
W
W
W
232
W
12
66,073
292
W
W
21,312
Minerals produced In 1971 in order of vidue
Sand and gravel, clays.
Sand and gravel, pumice.
Cement, sand ana gravel, stone, peat.
Sand and gravel.
Garnet, sand and gravel.
Phosphate rock, sand and gravel.
Lead, silver, zinc, copper.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Lime, sand and gravel, stone, pumice.
Sand and gravel, lead, silver, zinc.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, lime, stone, pumice.
Phosphate rock, vanadium, stone, sand end gravel.
Sand and gravel, clays.
Stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Stone. Rand and gravel.
Copper, lead, silver, zinc, tungsten, gold.
Sand and gravel, rlayx.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Clays, stone, sand and gravel.
Fluorspar, sand and gravel, copper, gold, lead, diver,
zinc.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Lime, sand and gravel, clay*.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Stone, perlite, pumice. •
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Silver, lead, zinc, copper, antimony, fold.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, lime.
Mercury, iron ore, sand and gravel.
Total 119,748 '112.280
TABLE A-23. MINING ACTIVITY IN IDAHO, BY COUNTY
Clearwater County
Slip-fiber anthophyllite asbestos in altered
harzburgite.
1. Teakean.
2. Orofino Creek.
46*33' 116*20'
46*29' 116*02'
Idaho County
3.. Kamiah mine. .Brittle mass-fiber .46*13' 115*50'
anthophyllite asbestos in altered
dunite.- Anderson, 1931.
4-. Blacktail. Woodlike slip-fiber an- 45*54' 115*57'
thophyllite in narrow seams.
-------
A-72
Source References
(2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
1962, USGS Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and
H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(70) Geological Map of the State of Idaho, C. P. Ross and J. D. Forrester,
U.S. Department of Interior Geological Survey, 1947.
(71) The Minerals of Idaho, F. C. Mitko, U.S. Bureau of Mines Minerals
Yearbook, 197U
(72) Mineral and Water Resources of Idaho, Committee Print, 88th Congress,
2nd Session, 1964.
(73) Mining Industry of Idaho, 68th Annual Report for 1969-1970.
-------
A-73
Illinois
There are two areas in Illinois that merit attention with regard
to mineralization and alteration of rock minerals. These areas are at
opposite ends of the state: Jo Daviess County in northern Illinois and
the southern counties of Saline, Gallatin, Pope, and Hardin, as shown on
Figure A-17. Lead, zinc, and a little silver are mined in the western
part of Jo Daviess County near Galena. Fluorspar is mined in Hardin
County where some zinc also is recovered as a byproduct. There have been
no reports of fibrous amphibole minerals in association with these value
minerals from either location.
The dike swarms of the southern Illinois counties are believed
to be of the same age and of the same intrusive system as those found
across the Ohio River in western Kentucky (Livingston, Crittenden,
and Caldwell Counties, Kentucky). The dikes of western Kentucky and
of sourthern Illinois are mica periodotites and lamprophyres. The
mineralization in association with the dikes has occurred at a later
time and is believed to be of hydrothermal origin. As mentioned
previously, no fibrous amphiboles have been described from this area.
Currently, there is extensive fluorspar production only from Hardin
County from several mines operated by the Minerva Oil Company (Eldorado,
Illinois 62930) and Ozark-Mahoning Company (P.O. Box 57, Rosiclare,
Illinois 62982). Both companies recover lead and zinc from the same
mines.
Lead and zinc recovery by Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc (P.O.
Box 1040, Galena, Illinois 61036) is from three mines in the Ordovician
rock of Jo Daviess County, northern Illinois. The formations there are
the Galena and Platteville dolomites and limestones which were probably
mineralized at the same time as the Wisconsin Arch was uplifted. There
are no reports of fibrous amphiboles in association with the mineralization,
The county-by-county mineral production in Illinois is described
in Table A-24.
-------
A-74
37
Miles
JO DAVIES
* Mineralization in
Ordorician dolomite
and limestone
SALINE GALLATIN
I 1--
FIGURE A-17. AREAS OF ASBESTOS OCCURRENCE ±.N ILLINOIS
-------
A-75
TABLE A -24. .Value of mineral production In Illinois, by county 1
County
Adams
Alexander... .
Bond
Boone
Brown . .
Bureau ...... .
Calhoun .
Carroll
Champaign..
Christian
Clark»
Clay
Clinton
Coles
Cook
Crawford
Cumberland * .
DeKalb
D« Witt
Douglas .
Du Page
Edgar
Edwarda..
Effingham
Fayetta
Ford
Franklin
Fulton
Gallatin
Greene
Grundy
Hamilton
Hancock .. .
Hardln
Henderson
Henry
Iroquols ... .
Jackson...
Jasper
Jefferson..
Jersey .. .
Jo Davleoa
Johnson ..
Kane
Kankakee
Kendall
Knox
Lake
LaSalle
Lawrence
Lee
Livingston
Logan
McDonough
McHenry
McLean
M aeon
Macoupin -
Madison .
Marion
Marshall
Mansac
Menard
Mercer ..
Montgomery
Moultrie
Ogle
Peoria .
Perry . - -
Pike
Pulaski
Uichland
St Clair
Sangamon
Schuyler —
Scott
Shelby
Stark
Stephenson
Vermilion
Wabash
Warren
Washington -
WavnA
Whiteslde
Will
Williamson
Winnebago .....
Wcxxltord
Undistributed'
Total'
1970
W
$240
W
W
W
825
W
W
748
W
3.084
W
2.691
W
39,575
W
205
W
1.001
W
W
308
W
W
16,239
334
44.549
28.206
W
W
W
5,320
687
14,952
468
W
W
1,255
3,434
W
199
2.877
W
$7,557
9, nan
W
. . W
. . . W
W
17,273
W
W
W
W
6,691
1,256
593
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
. . 415
W
W
2
W
W
15,977
30,517
W
69
W
W
W
5,570
W
W
21. (500
W
W
245
473
W
770
W
W
W
W
W
W
15.778
w
1.260
10,143
23.101
2,031
W
350,355
CHK.G97
(Thousands)
1971 Minerals produced ID 1971 in order of value
$3,907 Stone, lime, sand and gravel, petroleum.
248 Tripoli, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, petroleum, clay.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
63 Sand and gravel, petroleum, clay, stone.
613 Sand and gravel.
W Stone.
407 Stone, sand and gravel.
780 Sand and gravel, petroleum.
W Coal, petroleum, stone.
W Stone, petroleum, sand and gravel.
W Petroleum, stone.
2,765 Petroleum, stone, sand and gravel.
W Do.
45,632 Stone, lime, sand and gravel, clay, peat.
7,072 Petroleum, sand and gravel, stone.
W Stone, petroleum.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Petroleum, sand and gravel.
22,671 Natural gas liquids, coal, petroleum, stone.
4,008 Sand and gravel, stone, natural gas liquids, clay.
357 Petroleum.
2,040 Do.
1 , 252 Petroleum, sand and gravel.
16,829 Petroleum, stone, sand and grave), clay.
W Sand and gravel. .
45,081 Coal, petroleum.
24.858 Coal, sand and gravel.
14,280 Coal, petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
W Stone.
3,568 Sand and gravel, clay, stone.
4 , 857 Petroleum, sand and gravel.
362 Stone.
14 , 635 Fluorspar, stone, zinc, lead, silver.
607 Stone.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel.
1,211 Stone, coal, sand and gravel.
2,882 Petroleum, sand and gravel.
46,656 Coal, petroleum.
211 Stone.
2,786 Zinc, stone, lead, sand and gravel, illvcr.
W Stone, coal, sand and gravel.
$H,403 Sand ant! gravel, stone, peut.
8,424 Coal, stone, clay, sand and gravel.
W Stone, sand ami gravel.
W Coal, stone, clay.
W Sand and gravel, "tone, peat.
W Stone, sand and gravel, cement, flay.
IS. 239 Petroleum, sand and gravel.
W Cement, atone, Hand und gravel.
4,565 Stone, clay, sanil anil gravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Stone, petroleum, clay, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Sand and gravel.
577 Sanil and gravel, petroleum.
W Coal, slone, petroleum.
W Stone, sand and gravel, petroleum.
W Petroleum, utone.
W Sanil and gravel.
W Sand anil gravel, stone.
W Cement, stone, sand and gravel.
W Stone.
450 Coal, stone, sand and gravel.
W Stone.
W Coal, stone, petroleum.
W Sand ami gravel.
W Stone, sand and gravel, petroleum.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
15,500 C'oal, sand and gravel, stone.
34,037 Coal, petroleum.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Coal, sand and gravel.
W Clay, stone, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel.
W Coal, stone, petroleum, sand and gravel.
4,650 Petroleum.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
31,722 Coal, stone, petroleum.
19,095 Coal, petroleum, natural gas.
1,467 Sand and gravel, petroleum, stone, clay.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
lilK Stone, clay, sand and gravel.
528 Sand anil gravel, stone, petroleum.
3 351 Coal, sanil and gravel.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Sund ami gravel, clay.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Stone, coal, sand and gravel, clay.
W Petroleum, sand and gravel.
W Stone.
W Petroleum, stone.
14,397 Petroleum.
19,465 Petroleum, sand and gravel.
1 ,360 Peat, stone, sand and gravel.
11,496 Stone, sand and gravel.
2C>,611 Coal, petroleum, natural gas.
2,253 Stone, sanil and gravel.
W Sand and gravel.
205.073
700,819
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with Undistributed.
I Cass and Piatt Counties are not included because no production was reported.
« Vatue "f petroleum "production in Cumberland County is included with Clark County because actual souro.
and gem stones that cannot be assigned to specific counties, and value.
in''iUatu'may*n?t>Sd*to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-76
Source References
(74) Geologic Map of Illinois
H. B. Willman, et al, 1967
Illinois State Geological Survey
Urbana, Illinois 61801.
(75) Mineral Production in Illinois in 1971
W. L. Busch, 1973
Circular 477
Illinois State Geological Survey
Urbana, Illinois 61801.
(76) The Mineral Industry of Illinois
G. N. Broderick, 1971
U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook„
-------
A-77
Indiana
The mineral production in Indiana consists chiefly of the
fossil fuels, stone, sand and gravel as described in Table A-25.
There are no activities in rocks where fibrous amphibole minerals
might occur.
Source Reference
(2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
1962, USGS Map MR-17
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and
H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(77) The Minerals of Indiana, B. C. Brown, U.S. Bureau of Mines
Minerals Yearbook, 1971.
-------
Table A-25,
A-78
Value of mineral production in Indiana, by county i
(Thousands)
County
Adama
Allen
Bartholomew _ .
Ben ton
Blackford
Boone
Brown .....
Carroll
Caas
Clark
Clay
Clinton
Crawford
Davieoa
Dearborn
Decatur
De Kalb
Delaware. .... .
Dubols
Elkhart
Fayette
Fountain
Franklin
Fulton
Gibson ;
Grant
Greene
Hamilton .
Hancock..
Harrison . .
Hendricks .
Henry
Howard
Huntington
Jackson
Jasper .
Jay
Jefferson..
Jennings.
Johnson
Knox
Koselusko..
JXT::::::::::::::::::::::
La Porte
Lawrence . .
Madison
Marion .
Marshall
Martin
Miami
Monroe . . ..
Montgomery
Morgan
Newton
Noble
Orange
Owen
Parke
Perry
Pike
Porter
Posey
Pulaskl
Putnam .
Randolph
Ripley
Rush
St. Joseph
Scott
Shelby
Spencer
Starke
Steuben
Sullivan
Switzerland. . ...... ..
Tippecano*
Union
Vermillion
Vigo
Wabash
Warren
Warrick
Washington
Wayne
WelU
White
Whitley
Undistributed'
Total'
W Withheld to avoid disclosing
1 Data for petroleum and natural
1970
$629
3,259
731
W
...... W
W
W
W
W
11
W
W
W
W
254
1.355
W
W
W
$604
W
W
W
W
W
3,957
W
W
W
W
W
W
385
W
W
W
W
W
643
696
W
W
W
18,834
W
8.240
W
W
683
6.169
W
W
W
242
W
851
623
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
236
W
W
W
W
W
190
22.687
W
W
21
4,944
W
840
W
W
W
W
W
W
78
189,326
255,786
individual company
1 gas are not available
1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value
$726 Stone, clays, sand and gravel.
3,871 Stone, sand and gravel, peat.
840 Stone, aand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel.
W Stone, sand and gravel, clays.
W Sand and gravel.
W Do.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Cement, Htone, aand and gravel, clays.
W Cement, stone, clays, sand and gravel.
W Coal, clays.
W Sand and gravel.
W Stone.
65 Sand and gravel.
368 Do.
W Stone.
368 Sand and gravel.
1 ,467 Stone, sand and gravel, peat.
W Clays, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Sand and gravel.
$829 Sand and gravel, coal, clays.
W Stone, sand and gravel, clays.
W Sand and gravel, peat.
W Coal, sand and gravel.
W Stone, sand and gravel, peat.
W Coal, sand and gravel, clays.
6,215 Sand and gravel, stone.
W Sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Sand and gravel.
W Do.
W Stone, aand and gravel.
W Stone, sand and gravel, clay*.
499 Sand and gravel, clays.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Do.
5 Sand and gravel.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel.
648 Do.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Do.
W Cement, lime, sand and gravel, clays.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
16,833 Cement, stone, clays.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, atone.
W Sand and gravel, stone, peat.
W Gypsum, clays.
721 Sand and gravel, stone.
W Stone.
W Sand and gravel, clays.
W Clays, sand and gravel, (tone.
W Stone.
331 Sand and gravel, stone.
W Stone, abrasives.
857 Stone, sand and gravel.
846 Sand and gravel, clays, coal.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Coal, stone.
W Claya.
W Sand and gravel.
W Stone, clays.
W Cement, atone, sand and gravel.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Stone.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
927 Sand and gravel, stone.
W Stone.
W Stone, sand and grave).
W Coal.
W Sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
22,345 Coal, sand and gravel, stone.
W Sand and gravel.
W Do.
8 Do.
6,206 Coal, aand and gravel, clays.
1,821 Sand and gravel, coal, stone.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, peat.
W Coal, stone.
W Stone.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Stone, aand and gravel, peat.
W Stone.
W Sand and grave).
215,876
281.666
confidential data, included with "Undistributed."
on a county basis; however, value for these commodities
•re included with "Undistributed. Benton, Brown, Floyd, Ohio, Tipton and Vanderburgh Counties are not
listed because no production was reported.
> Includes value for petroleum, natural gas and mineral production that Is not assigned to specific counties
plus values indicated by symbol W.
1 Data may not add to totals shown because of Independent rounding.
-------
A-79
Iowa
There are two small outcrops of Precambian igneous and
metamorphic rocks in Iowa in the northwestern part of the state as
shown on Figure A-18, Neither of these formations are mentioned as
being worked in the summary of the stone, sand, and gravel recovery
operations reported for Lyon and Pocahontas Counties,* In the eastern
part of the state, there are several stone quarries in the Galena-
Decorah-Platteville (Ordovician limestone-dolamite) Formations (notably
Dubnque County) which have been mineralized (mining for lead-zinc
in adjacent Wisconsin and Illinois). However, except for the stone
production, there is no mineral recovery operations from these
formations in Iowa. A summary of the mineral production from Iowa is
given in Table A-26.
Source References
(78) Geologic Map of Iowa
H. G. Hershey, et al, 1969
Iowa Geological Survey
Iowa City, Iowa 52240.
(79) Report of the State Mine Inspector
W. D. Aubrey, 1970-1971
State of Iowa
Mines and Minerals Department
Des Moines, Iowa 50319.
(80) The Mineral Industry of Iowa
B. C. Brown, 1971
U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-80
T
LYON 1
Sioux City
iPOCAHONTAS
Des Moines
Outcrop of Precombrian Sioux Quartzite
Outcrop of Precambrian granite gneiss
and gneissoid granite
FIGURE A-18. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK IN IOWA
-------
A-81
TABLE A-26.
Value of mineral production in Iowa, by county:
(Thousands)
County
1970
1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value
Adair _• w W Stone.
Adams W W Do.
Allamakee W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Appanoose W W Stone, clays.
Audubon $200 W Sand and gravel.
Benton _•__ W $165 Sand and gravel, stone.
Black Hawk W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Boone W W Sand and gravel, clays.
Bremer 279 314 Stone, sand and gravel.
Buchanan W W Do.
Buena Vista 102 33 Sand and gravel.
Butler W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Calhoun W 54 Sand and gravel.
Carroll 301 223 Do.
Casa W W Stone.
Cedar. W W Do.
Cerro Gordo 28,334 28,734 Cement, stone, sand and gravel, clays, lime.
Cherokee 497 W Sand and gravel.
Chickasaw W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Clarke W W Stone.
Clay 282 W Sand and gravel.
Clayton 951 657 Sand and gravel, stone.
Clinton W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Crawford W W Sand and gravel.
Dallas.. 562 846 Sand and gravel, clays, stone.
Decatur W W Stone.
Delaware W 206 Stone, sand and gravel.
DCS Moines.. 1,722 2,424 Stone, gypsum, sand and gravel.
Dickinson.. 354 276 Sand and gravel.
Dubuque 859 W Stone, sand and gravel.
Emmet 208 147 Sand and gravel.
Fayettfl 988 915 Stone, sand and gravel.
Floyd 344 501 Stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Franklin. W 228 Sand and gravel, clays, stone.
Fremont W W Stone, sand and graveL
Greene 326 W Sand and gravel.
Grundy W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Guthrie.. 172 113 Sand and gravel.
Hamilton W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Hancock W W Sand and gravel, stone.
Hardin W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Harrison 915 714 Do.
Henry W 139 Sand and gravel, stone.
Howard 180 W Stone, sand and gravel.
Humboldt W 1,367 Do.
Ida W W Sand and gravel.
Iowa W W Do.
Jackson W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Jasper W W Sand and gravel, stone.
Jefferson W 166 Stone, sand and gravel.
Johnson 1,550 W Do.
Jones 662 W Do.
Keokuk W W Stone, clays.
Kossuth 296 129 Sand and gravel.
Lee 375 543 Stone, sand and gravel.
Linn 3,253 W Do.
Louisa W W Stone.
Lucas 686 932 Coal.
Lyon . 315 156 Sand and gravel.
Madison.~_~_"""II_"I""" W W Stone, clays.
Mahaska 1,782 2,416 Coal, stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Marion " .... W 1,543 Coal, stone, sand and gravel.
Marshall ... W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Mills "ii""""i"i;i;;i w w DO.
Mitchell W 659 Do.
Monona . 187 413 Sand and gravel.
Monroe".""""""""""! .. 1,094 W Coal.
Montgomery ... W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Muscatine...""."".!!""!!!!".! W W Do.
O'Brien 101 W Sand and gravel.
o«ceoi»."."!!""""!!!""!;i!!!!!. ssi 241 DO.
Page W W Stone, sand and graveL
Palo Alto 250 431 Sand and gravel.
Plymouth.!!!!!"!!!!!!!!!.". 571 499 Do.
Pocahontai W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Polk 16058 17,001 Cement, sand and gravel, clays.
Pottawattainie ".'.'." W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Poweshiek !_..! ! W W Stone.
Sac 691 435 Sand and gravel.
Scott._.~".""""""III._1 14,657 14,919 Cement,stone, lime, clays, sand and gr»v«L
Shelby W W Sand and gravel.
Sioux $885 $762 Do.
Story 1,107 1,125 Sand and gravel, stone, clays.
T»m» W W Sand and gravel.
Taylor W W Stone.
Union W W Do.
VanBuren.. 808 831 Stone, coal, sand and gravel.
Wapello W 477 Sand and gravel, coal, stone, clays.
Warren W W Sand and gravel, clays.
Washington..- W W Stone.
Wayne W
Webster.. 4,670 4,909 Gypsum, stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Winnebago . W W Peat, sand and gravel.
Winneahiek W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Woodbury..! 370 W Sand and gravel, claya.
Worth 765 824 Stone, sand and gravel, peat.
Wright " 271 W Sand and gravel.
Undistributed" 81.661 40.347
Total 120,822 "127,821
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company -onfidential data; included with "Undistributed."
> Davis and Ringgold Counties are not listed because no production was reported.
' Includes gem stones, some sand and gravel, and stone that cannot be assigned to specific counties, and values
Indicated by symbol W.
' Data does not add to total shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-82
Kansas
Kansas is a state where very little igneous activity is
apparent in the surface rocks. There are small outcrops of basic
intrusive rock in Riley County and peridotite and granite intrusives
in Woodson County. In central and western Kansas there are volcanic
ash sedimentary deposits. Except for very localized contact
metamorphisin around the intrusives, there are no metamorphic rocks of
any significance in Kansas. The lead-zinc mineralization in south-
easternmost Kansas (Cherokee County) is currently not being exploited.
The chat from these operations does not contain fibrous amphibole
minerals. Stone, sand, and gravel, are taken from Riley and
Woodson Counties. The three counties of interest to this study
are located in Figure A-19. Kansas mineral production activities
are summarized in Table A-27.
Source References
(81) Geologic Map of Kansas
J. M. Jewett, et al, 1964
State Geological Survey of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas 66044.
(82) Inventory of Industrial, Metallic, and Solid-Fuel Minerals in Kansas
R. G. Hardy, 1970
Bulletin 199, Part 5
Kansas Geological Survey
Lawrenc e, Kans a s 6 6044.
S3) Kansas Mineral Industry Report, 1971
L, L. Brady, et al, 1972
Special Distribution Publication 61
State Geological Survey of Kansas
University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas 66044.
/8^) The Mineral Industry of Kansas
B. Michalski, 1971
U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook.
-------
Basic intrusive rock
Peridotite
Granite
Lead-zinc mineralization
ft)Kansas
City
00
CO
CHEROKEE
FIGURE A-19. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS ROCK IN KANSAS
-------
TABLE A-2 7. .Value of mineral production in Kansas, by county
(Thousands)
County
1970
1971
Minerals produced in 1971 In order of vslue
Allen $11,519
Anderson 983
Atchison 393
Barber 7,784 \
Barton 19.766
Bourbon W
Brown W
Butler 13.053
Chase W
Chautauqua. 1,989
Cherokee 7.129
Cheyenne W
Clark 1.404
Clay 198
Cloud W
Coffey W
Commnche 1,536
Cowley 8.364
Crawford 2.810
Decatur 2,191
Dickinson 740
Doniphan .— 613
Douglas 272
Edwards 1,637
Elk 1,695
Ellis , 24,635
Ellsworth ) • 19.447
Flnney J 12,494
~~ ' «n
Ford.
Franklin 1,
Geary
Cove
Graham 12
Grant '36
Grey
Greeley
Greenwood 7
Hamilton 2
Harper. 5
420
242
W
W
,813
,782
W
W
,210
,698
,086
Harvey 2,658
Haskell '20,448
Hodgeman W
Jackson W
Jefferson— 867
Jewell W
Johnson 2,339
Kcarny 18,297
Klngman 14
$7,641 Cement, stone, clays, natural (as.
143 Stone.
W Do.
6,953 Natural gas, petroleum, gypsum, natural gas liquids,
sand and gravel.
18,887 Petroleum, salt, sand and gravel, natural gas, clays.
W Stone.
12,885
126
W
4,323
W
965
W
W
W
1,407
7.237
2,629
2,248
687
657
W
2,594
W
23,944
25,365
5.401
431
W
W
1.182
13,239
15,057
W
W
1.235
4,088
W
13,170
4.123
80
W
W
W
714
,329 10,896
6,795 3,159
390 406
128 216
W W
W W
W 293
16 241
Lyon 1,092 927
McPhenon 5,897 5,846
Kiowm
Labette
Lane --
Leavenworth.
Lincoln
Linn
Logan
Petroleum, stone, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Stone, natural gas.
Coal, clays, stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Clays, aajid and gravel.
Stone. . , ,
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, stone, natural gas.
Coal, clays, stone.
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel, petroleum.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel. . .
Stone, natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Natural gas, aand and gravel.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, stone.
Natural gas liquids, petroleum, salt, clays, sand and
gravel, pumice, natural gas.
Petroleum, natural gas liquids, sand and «T»vel.
Natural gas liquids, sand and gravel, petroleum.
natural gas.
Stone, clays, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Natural*gas liquids, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas.
Natural gas, sand and gravel, petroleum.
PeUoleumVnatural gas liquids, natural gas. sand and
Petroleum, natural gas liquids.
Helium, petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Stone.
Do.
IXVu'mf StLsrS; IM*. ™* -« «««•.
Pet?olerum?"atural gas liquids, natural gas. sand
and gravel, stone.
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel.
Stone. , . .
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel, pumice.
Stone.
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, stone, sand and gravel. .
Petroleum, natural gas, clays, stone, sand ana frmvet.
pumice.
Value of mineral production in Kansas, by county—Continued
(Thousands)
County
1970
1971
Minerals produced in 1971 ir. unlcr oi value
Marion
Meade
Miami
Mitchell
Montgomery
Morris
Morton
Nemaha.. „
Neosho
Ness
Norton
Osage
Osborne
Ottawa
Pawnee
Phillips .'
Pottawatomle
Pratt
Reno .
Republic.. -
Rice
Rlley
Rush ..
Russell
Saline
Scott
Sedgwick
Seward
Shawn ee
Sherman
Smith ..
Stafford
Stan ton
Steven* . . . , - -
Stunner
Thomas
Wabaunve
Wallace
Washington
Wichita
Wilson
Woodson
Wyandotte
Undistributed •
Total'
3,061
W
4,415
652
W
5,643
992
'22,525
85
W
8.216
1,634
W
W
74
$3.806
6.550
W
4.903
2,206
16,385
W
'27,298
983
13.525
6,706
22.374
1,598
'7,083
10,761
'30.508
1,941
2.233
278
W
12,142
5,567
26,103
5,955
W
5,816
1,021
W
W
65
5,164
2,974
9.977
24.814
'8583.989
2,114
W
4,213
81
1
6.445
1,098
20,098
W
10,369
9.451
1,464
30
14H
W
14.010
7.022
W
3.918
W
16.563
W
25.934
998
W
6.486
21,649
W
3,588
10,321
27,394
W
2,186
294
W
11,910
87
3,656
6.404
106
8,731
1,642
W
W
W
5,553
W
10,769
160,311
$689,444
Petroleum, stone, natural gas, sand and graveL
Gypsum, sand and gravel, stone.
Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Stone.
Sand and gravel.
Cement, stone, clays.
Petroleum, stone, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, helium, natural gas liquids, natural gas.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Cement, stone, sand and graveL
Petroleum, sand and graveL
Petroleum, sand and gravel, pumice.
Stone.
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Sand and graveL
Petroleum, natural eas, sand anil gravel.
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand anil gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and graveL
Petroleum, sand and graveL
Salt, petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, helium, sait, sand and gravel, natural
gas.
Stone, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, helium, natural gas.
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Do.
Helium, natural gas liquids, petroleum, sand
gravel, natural gas.
and
Petroleum, salt, natural gas liquids, sand and graveL
Helium, natural gas liquids, petroleum, natural gas.
sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Lime, sand and gravel, petroleum, stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and graveL
Petroleum, natural gas.
Do.
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, petroleum.
Petroleum, aand and graveL
Petroleum.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and -gravel, petroleum.
Cement, stone, clays.
Stone.
Cement, sand and gravel, atone.
'I
00
.p-
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed."
1 Includes sand and gravel, petroleum, stone, and natural gas which cannot be assigned to specific counttw
and values Indicated by symbol W.
* Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-85
Kentucky
There are two areas of igneous intrusive rocks in Kentucky, one
in the eastern part of the state and one in the western part as depicted
in Figure A-20. The detail maps of these areas (Figures A-21 and A-22)
reveal a single occurrence in Elliott County of eastern Kentucky and a dike
swarm in the western counties of Caldwell, Crittenden, and Livingston (Lyon
County possibly has some also). In a study of these igneous intrusions and
their surrounding geology, Koenig writes:
"Many similarities exist between the peridotites of eastern and
western Kentucky. Petrographically, they are holocrystalline, porphyritic
rocks, with fine-grained matrices. Serpentinized olivine is the principal
mineral constituent; both contain abundant calcite or dolomite. However,
the western Kentucky dikes contain a much higher percentage of phlogopite
and are thus called mica peridotites. Both contain accessory pyroxene,
ilmenite, magnetite, perovskite, and chromite. The Elliott County intrusion
contains abundant pyrope garnet, which is almost unknown in the western
Kentucky dikes.
"The Kentucky-Illinois peridotites are genetically related to the
lamprophyres, both having probably formed during the Appalachian Revolution
at the end of the Paleozoic Era. The Elliott County intrusion is probably
of the same age .
"Extensive fluorite, sphalerite, and galena deposits exist in
western Kentucky and southern Illinois. They post-date the igneous dikes,
with which they are occasionally found, and are believed to be of hydrothertnal
origin. Evidence points to a genetic relationship between the igneous bodies
and the ore deposits."
Although the country rock has been considerably altered locally
by the intrusives and subsequent hydrothermal activity, there are no fibrous
amphiboles reported from either the eastern or western sites. The only
mining in Elliott County is for coal which is not done in the vicinity of
the intrusive rocks. Fluorspar is mined from Crittenden County and zinc
is taken from Livingston County. These mineral recovery operations and
quarrying operations for stone, sand, and gravel, are the only activities
in the counties of western Kentucky where the igneous rocks are located.
-------
A-86
FIGURE A-20. AREAS OF KENTUCKY WHERE IGNEOUS ROCKS ARE FOUND
-------
A-87
Frankfort! Q
Igneous
rocks
ELLIOTT
COUNTY
Eastern Kentucky
Lake Cumberland
Dale Hollow
FIGURE A-21. OCCURRENCE. OF IGNEOUS ROCK IN EASTERN KENTUCKY
\ s Dike swarm
\
Western Kentucky
CR1TTENDEN
\
CALDWELL
Paducah
MC CRACKEN
MARSHALL
Lake Berkley
FIGURE A-22. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS ROCK IN WESTERN KENTUCKY
-------
A-88
The occurrence of fibrous amphiboles has not been described from any of
these sites. ,
The mineral production of Kentucky is summarized in Table A-28.
Source References
(85) Geologic Map of Kentucky, Series IX, A. C. McFarlan and D. J. Jones,
1954 Kentucky Geological Survey, Lexington, Kentucky.
(86) The Petrography of Certain Igneous Dikes of Kentucky, J. B. Koenig,
1956 Bulletin No. 21, Series IX, Kentucky Geological Survey,
Lexington, Kentucky.
(87) The Mineral Industry of Kentucky, H. L, Riley and P. McGrain, 1971
U. S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-89
TABLE A-28.
Value of mineral production in Kentucky, by county >
(Thousands)
County
Adalr
Allen
Billiard
Barren .: ,
Bath
Dell
Boon*....
Bourbon
Boyd
Boylt
Breathitt
Brerkinridg*
Bullitt
Butler
Caldwell
Calloway
Carlisle
Carroll
Carter
Casey
Christian.-
Cl»y
Clinlon .
Critlenden
Cumberlmnd
Davien
Edmonson
Elliott
Ellin.-.
Fayettsj
Fleming . .
Floyd
Franklin
Kultnn '.
Gallatin
Garrartl
Graves)
Grayson —
Green
Greenun
HancocK.
Hardin
Harlan
Hmrt
Henderson .
Henry
Hickman
Hopkins
Jackson
Jelf erson .
Jessamine
Johnson
Knott
Knoi
Laurel
Lawrence
Lee
Leslie
Letchtr
Livingston
Logan „
Lynn . _.
McCncken
McCreary
Mcl
1970
W
W
W
., $10
326
12
16.352
621
W
W
W
16,1170
W
W
W
W
61
18
W
W
, W
. . W
3.47M
W
W
W
W
W
110
W
W
W
W
795
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
1.250
71,795
W
W
W
W
. ... W
64,355
W
W
W
12,239
22.697
4.87H
W
2.461
W
17,668
W
H.467
W
5
W
W
2.ZOB
W
W
W
15
H.231
W
... . W
W
W
W
W
105
W
1101,44$
W
W
W
839
2
W
64.66H
W
W
W
W
W
I
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
9SI
W
W
11,157
W
259
42R.07H
H47.4R5
1971
W
W
W
(')
W
W
$23,10-2
W
1,155
W
25,249
508
W
1.H15
W
202
2
2.308
3X2
2,962
5.035
W
W
W
10,111
W
W
W
W
W
27.951
W
137
W
165
W
W
W
35H
9li2
1.244
81,803
W
W
6,099
W
(')
70.323
W
W
W
15.249
25,4117
H.H59
3.303
2.5HO
6.112
12,776
W
10,460
W
W
5,343
W
W
5,341
2:)K
1.3X9
12.01,2
W
W
W
W
W
SOX
172
4.9UO
$103.2:19
W
W
28.3'JS
1,217
W
W
4H.92U
W
W
4.1X1
W
W
(')
W
34
W
W
W
W
W
21.4CO
1,39!)
W
W
K.3XI
6.3i;»
4X1
325, 2X3
•925, XX5
individual company nntfiilr
Mineral* produced in 1971 in order of value '
Petroleum, iitone.
Stone, petroleum.
Stone.
Sand and gravel.
Stone, petroleum.
Do.
Coal, petroleum.
Sand and (ravel, stone.
Coal, clays, petroleum.
Stone.
Coal, petroleum.
Stttnc. petroleum, sand and iravel.
Stone, claya.
Coal, stone, petroleum.
Stone.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Coal, stone, clays.
Stone, petroleum.
Stone, coal, petroleum, clays.
Coal, petroleum.
Coal. stone, petroleum.
Fluorspar, stone.
Petroleum, stone.
Ctol, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Coal, stone, petroleum.
Petroleum, coal.
Petroleum, stone.
Stone.
Do.
Coal, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Stone.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Stone.
Clays, sand and gravel.
Stone.
Stone, petroleum.
("lays, stone, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Coal. clays, petroleum.
Stone.
Coal, stone.
Stone.
Stone, sand and gravel, petroleum.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, coaL
Stone.
Sand and gravel.
Coal, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Coal, stone.
Cement, sand and gravel, atone, claya.
Stone, cUys.
Coal, petroleum.
Do.
Do.
Coal, stone, petroleum.
Coal, petroleum.
Petroleum, stone, coal.
Coal, petroleum.
Cu:d, atone, petroleum.
Stone, zinc, s:m«l and gravel.
Stone, petroleum.
Sand and gravel.
Coal, petroleum.
Do.
Stone.
d>al, petroleum.
Stone, petroleum.
Stone. Hand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Stone.
Do.
Do.
Petroleum, .itone.
Stone, petroleum.
Stone.
Coal, stone, clays, petroleum.
Coal, petroleum, fttone.
Stone.
Do.
Co.il. stone, petroleum.
Stone.
Coal, petroleum.
Lime, stone.
Coal, petroleum.
Co.il, stnne. petroleum.
Stone, potmleom. clays.
CIM). ttonr. petroleum.
Stone, coal.
Stone, clays.
1'plrolcum.
Stone.
Do.
Stone, petroleum.
Do.
Do.
Stone.
Sand and crave).
Cnul, pctr»li-iim, saml and gravel.
Stone, petroleum.
Stone.
Stone, coul, petroleum.
Coal, petroleum.
t'oul, clays, pi-lroleum.
Stone, petroleum, coal.
nli.il il.it;,; inrlu.lrd wilh "I'ndiKtributed."
KenLoii, l,uruc. l.rwu. l.iin-uln, (>\\m, ll»liiTl<-.tii.Hit nt inilup^ntlfnt ruunUinc.
-------
A-90
Louisiana
The mineral production in Louisiana consists of petroleum, neutral
gas, and other fossil fuels, and minor amounts of clays, sand, gravel, and
other nonmetallic commodities. There are no activities in rocks where
fibrous amphibole minerals might occur. The county by county mineral
production in Louisiana is given in Table A-29.
Source Reference
(88) The Mineral Industry of Louisiana, D. A. Carleton and L. H. Hough, 1971,
U.S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook.
-------
A-91
TABLE A-29.
Value of mineral production in Louisiana, by parish
(Thousands)
Parish
Acadia
Allen
Asrrnslon
Assumption
Avoyellei.. __
Beauregard..
Bienvllle
Boaster
Caddo .
Calcasieu
Caldwell
Cameron
Catahoula
Clalborne
Concordia
DeSoto
East Baton Rouge.:
East Carroll
East Feliciana .
Evangel ine
Franklin
Grant
Iberia
IbervUle
Jackson
Jefferson.
Jefferson Davis
Lafayette
I^fourrho
LaSalle
Lincoln
Livingston
Madison...
Morehouse
Natchitoches
Orleans
Ouaehita .
Plaquemines
Point* Coupee
Rapldes
Red River
Riehland
Sablne
St. Bernard..
St. Charles
St. Helena
St. James
St. John the Baptist
St. Landry
St. Martin
St. Mary
St. Tammany .........
Tanglpahoa
Tensas
Terrebonne
Union
Vermilion
Vernon
Washington
Webster
West Baton Rouge
West Carroll
West Feliciana
Winn
Undistributed
Total"
1970
$106.904
6.764
48.601
29,651
4.420
8,554
12.393
19.602
24,222
66.168
8.088
289.105
10,949
26,011
23,894
8,616
16,074
7
W
9,829
2.108
845
216,385
61,881
1,815
231,773
68,796
20.887
616,299
25.075
19,669
512
1.205
1.907
27.814
18,188
6.461
1,244,997
81.162
7,003
3.498
18,484
1,356
80,270
90.870
W
9,845
6,930
48,283
88,187
473,613
6,468
2,275
8.463
756,968
8.583
$311.444
808
1,865
80.188
2.603
40
W
8,156
«2,949
6,102.321
1971
$117,495
7,207
46,869
29,847
6,810
8,872
W
19,701
W
63,506
8,946
312,357
11.309
83,527
W
9,265
21,616
24
10,340
2,397
2.753
298,230
67,260
1.577
357.755
64,077
19,678
470,507
23,840
W
W
1,142
10,011
35,200
19,440
W
1.268,074
29,427
7,804
456
22,518
1.014
50.692
85,898
W
11.127
7,755
42.582
89,672
536,844
8.192
3.158
4.202
874,853
1,702
$312,090
607
1.540
28,817
W
W
W
8,083
> 106. 044
6,553,009
Minerals produced in 1971 In order of value
Natural gas, natural gas liquids, petroleum.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gaa liquids, sand
and gravel.
Natural gas liquids, petroleum, salt, natural gas.
Natural gas, petroleum, natural gas liquids.
Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas, sand
and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel, natural
gas liquids.
Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel, clays.
Natural gas, petroleum, natural gas liquids, sand
and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gaa, natural gaa liquids, clays.
sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, lime,
salt, sand and gravel.
Natural gas, petroleum.
Natural gaa, petroleum, natural gas liquids, salt.
shell.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand
and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids.
Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Lime, cement, petroleum, sand and gravel.
natural gas, clays.
Natural gas, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand
and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas.
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, salt, natural gas liquids.
Petroleum, salt, natural gas, natural gas liquids.
sand and gravel.
Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, natural gas liquids,
salt, sand and gravel.
Natural gas, petroleum, natural gas liquids, sand
and gravel.
Do.
Petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, natural gas liquids.
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel.
Natural gas liquids, natural gas, petroleum, sand
and gravel, clays.
Sand and gravel.
Natural gaa.
Natural gas, petroleum.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand
and gravel, clays.
Cement, shell, lime, petroleum, natural gas, sand
and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel, natural
gas liquids.
Petroleum, natural gaa, sulfur, natural gas
liquids, salt, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, clays.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas, clays.
Sand and gravel, petroleum.
Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Natural gas liquids, natural gas, petroleum, sand
and gravel, clays.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gaa liquids.
Sand and gravel, clays.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids.
Petroleum, natural gas.
Natural gas, petroleum, natural gas liquids.
Petroleum, natural gas, salt, natural gas liquids.
sand and gravel, clays.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, salt.
shell, lime, sand and gravel.
Shell, sand and gravel, natural gas, petroleum.
clays.
Sand and gravel, petroleum, clays.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sul-
fur, salt.
Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Natural gas, petroleum, natural gas liquids, sand
and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Natural gas, natural gas liquids, petroleum, sand
and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, clays.
Natural gas.
Sand and gravel.
Petroleum, stone, gypsum, natural gas.
W Withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed."
* Includes some natural gas liquids that cannot be assigned to specific parishes and values indicated by
symbol W.
' Includes some petroleum that cannot be assigned to specific parishes and values indicated by symbol W.
• Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-92
Maine
The geologic features of Maine include the extensive rock formations
resulting from plutonic and metamorphic activities. The general areas
distinguishable by rock types are shown in Figure A-23. There are
two notable serpentinite intrustions of uncertain age, and both contain
chrysotile asbestos (neither of the deposits are being exploited). These
are described and located in Table A-30, Talc rocks are found in close
association with one of the chrysotile occurrences also as described in the
tabulation. Elsewhere in the state, fibruous mineral occurrences are not
described. However, it should be understood that complete descriptions
for much of the state are not available.
Metallic mineralization of Maine rocks is prevalent in the southern
counties of Waldo and Hancock and in the surrounding counties of Knox, Lincoln,
Kennebec, Somerset, Pemobscot, and Washington. Elsewhere there are metallic
prospects in York and Aroostook Counties principally. The only current metal
mining in Maine is for zinc - copper ores - in Hancock County. The Callahan
Mining Company (Harborside, Maine 04642) closed out its operation in mid 1972.
Kerr American, Inc., (Blue Hill, Maine) was planning to begin operations in
a close-by area by late 1972. The balance of the Main mineral recovery
operations are principally clay, sand, and gravel, and stone operations as
described in Table .A-31*
-------
A-93
Greenschist and
Calc-alkalic Plutons,
Chorite
Subgreenschist and
Metamorphic Rocks
PENOBSCOT
Bangor
CUMBERLAN
Portland
Granulite, Amphlbolite
and Calc-alkalic
Plutons of Paleozoic
age
20
Miles
=1
40
FIGURE A-23. OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS ROCK IN MAINE
-------
A-94
TABLE A-30. OCCURRENCES OF ASBESTOS AND TALC IN MAINE
Asbestos
Somerset County:
1. Spencer area. Slip- and cross- 45 21' 70 14'
fiber chrysotile in serpentine.
Bowles, 1955; Wing, 1951.
Hancock County:
2. Deer Isle deposits. Chrysotile 44° 16' 68° 40'
asbestos in serpentinite, Maine
Geological Survey, 1957; Wing, 1951
Talc
Somerset County:
1. Spencer area. Talc-carbonate and talc 45 21' 70 14'
rock associated with serpentinite.
Wing, 1951
Franklin County:
2. Kibby township. Talc rock associated 45° 23' 70° 31'
with gold and silver in green and
black slate, metasandstone and
quartzite as well as chloritic
phyllite.
(Localities are given in terms of North Latitude and West Longitude)
-------
A-95
TABLE A-31. MINERAL PRODUCTION IN MAINE, BY COUNTY
Commodity »nd company Address Type of activity County
Cement:
Dragon Cement Co., Division of 6A Joyce Kilmer Ave. PUnt Knoz.
Martin Marietta Corp. i New Brunswick. N.J. 08901
Clays:
DennU Brick Co., Inc R. F.D. No. 1 Pit Androaeoggln.
33 Old Washington Rd.
Auburn, Maine 04210
Lachance Bros. Brick Co R.F.D. No. 2 Pit Cumberland.
Gorham, Maine 04038
Fred S. Liberty & Sons, Inc. .. R.F.D. No. 1, Gray, Maine Pit Do.
04039
Morin Brick Co Danville, Maine 04223 Pit AndroMoggin.
Royal River Brick Co., Inc Box 191, Gray, Maine 04039 Pit Cumberland
Peat:
Acadia Peat Corp Penotarot, Maine 04476 Bog Hancock.
International Peat Moss Co., 430 Trapeio Rd. Bog Washington.
Inc. Belmont, Mass. 02178
Perlite (expanded):
Cherarock Corp End of Osage Street Plant .. . Knox.
Nashville, Tenn. 37208
Sand and gravel: •
Blue Rock Industries 58 Main Street Pit Androscoegin,
Westbrook, Maine 04092 Cumberland.
Harry C. Crooker & Sons, Brunswick, Maine 04011 Pit' Do.
Inc.
Hamlin Sand & Gravel Co., 920 Riverside St. Pit > Cumberland.
Inc. Portland. Maine 04103
Lane Construction Co 965 E. Main St. Pit Penobacot.
Meriden, Conn. 06460
Lewiston Crushed Stone Co., South Ave. Pit* Androscoggin.
Inc. Lewiston, Maine 04240
Harold C. MacQuinn, Inc Bar Harbor, Maine 04609.. Pit Hancock.
C.M, Page Co., Inc 234 Main St. Pit Penobscot.
Orono, Maine 04473
LeroyS. Prout Sand & Gravel. Scarborough, Maine 04074... Pit Cumberland.
Maynard W. Robinson & Sons. R.F.D. No. 2 Pit Do.
Cumberland Center, Maine 04021
Frank Rossi & Sons, Inc National Bank Bldg. Pit Various,
Gardiner, Maine 04346
Warren Bros. Company Fairneld, Maine 04987 Pit Kennebee.
Stone:
Granite, dimension:
Hocking Granite Industries Saint George, Maine 04857 Quarry Knox.
Inc. *
The John Swenson Granite North State St. do York, Knox.
Co. Inc. Concord, N.H. 03301
Granite, crushed: .
Cook and Co.. Inc 160 Causeway St. do Cumberland,
Boston, Mass. 02114
Limestone, crushed:
Blue Rock Industries 68 Main St do Kennebee.
Cumberland Mills. Maine 04092
Dragon Cement Co., 6A Joyce Kilmer Ave do Knox.
Division of Martin New Brunswick, N.J. 08901
Marietta Corp. _
Lime Products Corp P.O. Box 357 do Do.
Union, Maine 04862
Miscellaneous, crushed:
Blue Rock Industries 58 Main St. do Cumberland.
Cumberland Mills, Maine 04092
Slate dimension:
Portland-Monson Slate Middle Granville, N.Y. 12849 Underground.. Piacataqula.
Co.
I Portland and masonry.
• 2 pits.
• 8 pita.
« Abo crushed.
> Also copper and silver.
-------
A-96
Source Reference
(2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
1962, USGS Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and
H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(89) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, USGS Map 1-724.
(90) Preliminary Geologic Map of Maine, A. M. Hussey, II, Chief
Compiler, 1967 Main Geological Survey.
(91) Mineral Resources of Maine (Reference Map Series, Bangor Sheet),
(M.R.R.M.I), J-. R. Rand, Main Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine.
(92) Maine Metal Mines and Prospects (Minerals Resource Index No. 3),
A. M. Hussey, II, 1958, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine.
(93) The Mineral Industry of Maine, F. B. Fulkerson, 1971, U.S. Bureau
of Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-97
Maryland
The Appalachian band of highly metamorphosed rocks is found in
central Maryland as indicated in Figure A->H, The eastern portion of this
region is characterized by extensive intrusives. There are numerous granitic
pultons and gneiss domes, particularly around Baltimore. The metamorphosed
sedimentaries are slates, marbles, and conglomerates as well as undifferential
schists of Precambrian to Ordivician ages. The western Piedmont metasedmentary
rocks include phyllitic slates, metasiltstone, marbles, muscovite-chloride-
allite-quartz schists, interbedded quartzites, and amygdaloidal metabasalt.
These formations are believed to be of late Precambrian age. Formations tend
to be of younger age to the west in Washington County.
In the eastern part of the metamorphic belt there are numerous
ultramatic rock bodies which are chiefly serpentinite with partly to completely
altered dunite, peridotite, pyroxemite, and massive to schistose soapstone;
talc-carbonate rock and altered gabbro are also found. Hypersthene gabbro,
olivine gabbro, amorthositic gabbro, and metagabbros are locally prominent.
Adjacent formations frequently consist of such rocks as epidote amphibolite,
serpentinite, metapyroxenite, and actinolite-chloride-, and epidote-bearing
schists. Mineralization is found throughout the metamorphic zone, but is
especially prominent in the eastern area around the city of Baltimore. This
area also contains deposits of amphibole asbestos, chiefly tremolite and
amthophyllite, as well as soapstone associated with serpentinite. These
sites in Baltimore and Carroll Counties are shown in Figure A-24 and
described in Table A-32, To the north, in Baltimore, Harford, and
Cecil Counties, there are also deposits of tremolite, talc, and soapstone,
as shown on the map and described in the tabulation. Currently, only talc
and sjaps tone are being worked on a commercial scale and from a single
quarry in Harford County (Harford Talc Company, P. 0. Box 527, Bel Air,
Maryland, 21014). Talc was used in manufacturing toilet preparations
and ceramics. Block soapstone was quarried. Nearby in Harford County, the
Maryland Green Marble Corporation produced architectural serpentine and
related products. Crushed serpentine is being produced in Baltimore County.
-------
K X I Metamorphic rocks
Asbestos occurrences
Talc and soapstone occurrences
10 20
Miles
30
FTGURE A.-24.. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORFHIC ROCK TN MARYT.AND
-------
A-99
TABLE A-32. ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE DEPOSITS IN MARYLAND
Asbestos Deposits
Harford County:
Slip-fiber tremolite associated with basic igenous rocks
1. Dublin area 39° 39' 76° 17'
2. Jenkins and Neikirk mines 39° 42' 76° 24'
3. Slade farm . 39° 42' 76° 26'
4. Durham farm 39° 39' 76° 29'
5. Coopstown area 39° 35' 76° 27'
Baltimore County:
6. Parkton area. Low quality amphibole
asbestos 39° 40' 76° 41'
7. Powhatan area. Tremolite asbestos 39 20' 76 44'
8. Bok asbestos mine. Slip-fiber
anthophyllite 39° 19' 76° 47'
9. Alberton mine. Anthophyllite asbestos 39° 20" 76° 49'
Talc and Soapstone Deposits
Cecil County:
1. Rock Springs quarries. Talc rock associated
with serpentinite in contact with pegmatite. 39 43' 76 08'
2. Bald Friar quarry. Talc rock associated
with serpentinite in contact with pegmatite. 39 42' 76 12*
Harford County:
3. Dublin and Scarboro quarries. Talc-carbonate
and talc rock in serpentinite in contact with
pegmatites 39° 39' 76° 17'
4. Rocks (Airs) quarry. Soapstone associated
with serpentinite 39° 38' 76 25'
Carroll County:
5. Oursler and Marriotsville quarries.
Soapstone associated with serpentinite 39 22' 76 55'
(Locations are given in terms of North Latitude and West Longitude)
-------
A-100
The current mining and quarrying activities in the eight-county
area having metamorphic rocks are given in Table A-33. No metallics are
now being produced. The extent to which the fibrous amphiboles are
being encountered in the various quarrying operations is not reported.
TABLE A-33. MINING ACTIVITY IN MARYLAND
County
Baltimore
Carroll
Cecil
Frederick
Harford
Howa rd
Montgomery
Washington
Commodity
Clays, 1imes tone,
crushed serpentine and
crushed marble, sand
and gravel, and quartzite.
Cement, shale, crushed
marble.
Sand and gravel, granite
building stone, crushed
gneiss, crushed granite.
Clay, cement, limestone,
crushed marble, crushed
quartzite
Clay, sand and gravel,
architectural serpentine,
crushed gneiss, crushed
gabbro, talc and soapstone,
Quartzite, crushed gabbro,
crushed marble.
Gneiss building stone,
crushed serpentine.
Cement, clay, crushed
limestone, potash
-------
A-101
Source References
(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, 1972,
U.S.G.S. Map 1-724.
(2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
1962, U.S.G.S. Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and
H. W. Worthington, 1962, U.S.G.S. Map MR-31.
(94) Geologic Map of Maryland, E. G. Cleaves, et al., 1968, Maryland
Geological Survey, Baltimore, Maryland.
(95) Mineral Deposits of Maryland, N.C. Pearre, U.S.G.S. Map MR-12.
(96) The Mineral Industry of Maryland in 1971, C. L. Klingman, Information
Circular 15, Maryland Geological Survey in Cooperation with the U.S.
Bureau of Mines (same as Md. Chapter from Minerals Yearbook).
(97) Directory of Mineral Producers in Maryland - 1971, J. Edwards, Jr.,
Information Circular 11, Maryland Geological Survey, Baltimore,
Maryland.
-------
A-102
Massachusetts
V
Metamorphic rocks are found over most of Massachusetts as shown
in Figure A-25. The exceptional areas include the Connecticut River
Valley in the western part of the state and Cape Cod - Barnstable County,
on the Atlantic Coast. The ultramafic rocks and amphibole mineral occur-
rences are confined to the western counties of Massachusetts. Their areal
locations are shown on the county map (Figure A-26) and are described in Table A-34
Currently, none of these sites are being worked for the exploitation of
fibrous minerals. Mineral production is taking place in the several counties
of interest, but most of the operations are for stone, sand, and gravel.
The 1971 operating companies, their locations, and the material being produced
are listed in Table A-35 (from the U.S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook)
Sources References
(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, 1972, U.S.G.S.
Map 1-724.
(2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
1962, U.S.G.S. Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W.
Worthington, 1962, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook.
(98) Mineral Deposits and Occurrences in Massachusetts and Rhode Island,
Exclusive of Clay, Sand and Gravel, and Peat, N. C. Pearre, 1956,
U.S.G.S. Mineral Resource Map MR-4.
(99) The Mineral Industry of Massachusetts, R. A. Clifton, U. S. Bureau
of Mines' Mineral Yearbook.
-------
A-103
Metamorphic rocks
^KA
FIGURE A-25. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN MASSACHUSETTS
-------
SUFFOLK
Boston
HAMPDEN
\ >
Springfield
Metamorphic rock
Asbestos occurrences
Talc and soapstone occurrences
o
-P-
FTGURE A.-26. DETAXI.ED MAP SHOWXNG OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN MASSACHUSETTS
-------
A-105
TABLE A-34, OCCURRENCES OF ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE IN MASSACHUSETTS
Latitude
Area and Description Longitude
Asbestos:
County
1. North Mountain area. Otirysottle
asbestos veins in large body of
ultramafic rock. Herz, 1958.
2. Hlnsdale mine. Amphibole asbes-
tos. Pearre, 1956.
42*32' 73°10'
42027' 73"09'
Berkshire
Berkshire
3. Pelham quarry. Fibrous antho-
phyllite veins in large block of
saxonite enclosed in granite
gneiss. Emerson, 1898, 1917;
Pearre, 1956.
42°21' 72°27'
Hampshire
Talc and Soapstone:
1. Rowcquarries. Talc-carbonate and talc 42C43' 72°55'
rock derived from ulrramafic igneous
rocks. Pearre, 1956.
2. Cummington quarry. Soapstone prob- 42°29' 73*07'
ably derived from mafic igneous rocks.
Pearrc, 1956.
3. Middlefield prospects. Soapstone p-rob- 42° 22' 72° 59'
ably derived from mafic igneous rocks.
Pearre, 1956.
4. Unnamed quarry. Soapstone probably 42°ll' 72"58'
derived from mafic igneous rocks.
Pearrc, 1956.
5. Blandford quarry. Soapstone probably 42° 10' 72°55'
derived from mafic igneous rocks.
Pearre, 1956.
6. Granvillc quarry. Soapstone probably 42°03 72°55'
derived from mafic igneous rocks.
Pearrc, 1956.
Franklin
Berkshire
Hampshire
Hampden
Hampden
Hampden
7. Tully Mountain quarry. Soapstone 42°39' 72°15'
probably derived from mafic igneous
rocks. Hadley, 1949; Pearre, 1956.
8. Petersham quarries. Soapstone prob- 42° 29' 72° 15'
ably derived from mafic igneous rocks.
Pearre, 1956.
Worcester
Worcester
(Localities by North Latitude and West Longitude)
-------
TABLE 35. MINING ACTIVITY IN MASSACHUSETTS, BY COUNTY
Comnv. Jily and company
Ad, Ire
Claya:
Susquehanna Corp.. K-F
Briek Co.. Inc.
Plalnville Corp. Masslito Div.
The Stiles * Hart Briek Co...
Gypsum, calcined:
United States Gypmira Co
Ume:
Lee Lime Corp
Pfiier. Inc ".
Type of activity
County
Peat:
Sterling Peat Co
Perlite, expanded:
United States Gypsum Co
Whittemore Products, Inc
Roofing granules:
Bird& Son. Inc .
Sand and gravel:
Aahland Sand & Concrete Co
Aasonet Sand &. Gravel Co.. Inc..
Burlington Sand & Gravel Co.,
Inc.
Courtoia Sand & Gravel Co
JJ. Cronin Co
E. L. Dauphinais, Inc
General Sand & Stone Corp
P. J. Keating Co 1..
Merrimack Materials, Inc
Morse Sand & Gravel Co
North Wilbrahara Sand A Gravel
& Concrete Co., Inc.
Northfield Washed Sand &
Gravel Co., Inc.
Pomerleau Bros.. Inc
Thomas Qunn Co.. Inc
L. Romano Const. Co
Rosenfeld Washed Sand &
Stone Co.
San-Vel Contracting Co
River St.
Middleboro. Mass. 02.146
Box 1747, Cross St.
Plainville, Mass. 02762
Box J., Bridgewater, Mass.
02324
101 South Waeker Dr.
Chicago, III. 60606
Marble St. Lee. Mass. 01238..
260 Columbia St.
Adams, Masa. 01220
Sterling Junction, Mass.
01665
101 South Waeker Dr.
Chicago. 111. 60606
35 Harrison St.
Roslindale, Mass. 02131
East Walpole, Mass. 02032
Box 347, Chestnut St.
Ashland. Mass. 01721
South Main St.
Assonet, Mass. 02702
Blanchard Rd., Box 116
Burlington, Mass. 01803
Box 84
Central Falls, R. L 02863
P.O. Box 176
North Reading, Mass. 01864
160 Worcester Rd.
North Grafton, Mass. 01536
444 Merrill Rd.
Pittsfield, Mass. 01201
P.O. Box 345
Fitchburg, Msss. 01420
Yemroa Rd.
Groveland, Mass. 01830
P.O. Box 175
Pawtucket, R. I. 02863
2420 Boston Rd.
North Wilbraham, Mass. 01067
Northfield, Mass. 01360.
P»t Plymouth.
Pit Norfolk.
Pit Plymouth.
Plsnt Suffolk.
-do Berkshire.
-do Do.
Bog Worcester.
Plant Suffolk.
do Do.
----do Norfolk.
Pit Middlesex.
Pit Bristol.
Pit Middle
Stow Sand & Gravel Co
Tresca Bros. Sand & Gravel
Inc.
Varney Bros. Sand & Gravel,
Inc.
Warner Bros., Ine . .
A. A. Will Sand £ Gravel Corp..
P.O. Box 236
North Chelmsford. Mass. 01863
20 Hobbs Ct.
Arlington, Mass. 02174
835 Taunton Ave.
East Providence, R. I. 02914
40 Cedar St.
MiUord, Mass. 01757
Route No. 2, Ayer Rd.
Littleton, Mass. 01460
Box 861, Acton, Mass. 01720
66 Main St.
Millis, Mass. 02054
Hartford Ave.
Bellingham, Mass. 02019
Sutherland, Mass. 01375
Turnpike St.
Canton, Mass. 02021
Pit Bristol.
Pit Middlesex.
Pit Middlesexand
Worcester.
Pit Berkshire.
Pit Worcester.
Pit ,. Essex.
Pit Bristol
Pit Hampden.
Pit Franklin.
Pit Middlesex.
Pit Middlesexand
Worcester.
Pit Norfollk.
Pit.
Pit.
Worcester.
Middlesex.
Pit Do.
Pit Norfolk.
Pit.
Do.
Pit Franklin.
Pit Norfolk.
Commodity and company
Sand and gravel — Continued
Worcester Sand ft Gravel Co
WrsBtham Sand & Gravel Co..
Addri
182 Holden St.
Shrewsbury, Mas
Riverside Rd.
!*»
s.01646
Type of activity
Pit
Pit
County
Worcester.
Norfolk.
Inc.
Stone:
Basalt, crushed and broken:
B. & M. Crushed Stone
Division, Bayer & Mingolla
Industries, Inc.
George Brox, Inc
Essex Bituminous Concrete
— Corp.
Essex Bituminous Concrete
Corp. of Dracut.
Holden Trap Rock Co
P. J. Keating Co
John S. Lane & Son, Inc
Lynn Sand & Stone Co
Massachusetts Broken
Stone Co.
Rowe Contracting Co
Simeone Stone Corp
Trimount Bituminous Prod-
ucts Co.
Warner Bros., Ine
Granite, dimension:
Bates Bros. Seam Face
Granite Co.1
H. E. Fletcher Co.'
Spring St., Ashland.
1471 Methuen St.
Dracut, Mass. 01826
Russell St.
West Peabody, Maaa. 01960
2140 Bridge St.
Dracut, Mass. 01826
N. Main St., Holden, Mass.
01520
P.O. Box 346
Fitchburg, Mass. 01420
P. O. Box 126
Westfield, Mass. 01086
30 Danvers Rd.
Swarapscott, Mass. 01907
Boston Post Rd.
Weston. Mass. 02193
1500 Salem St.
Maiden, Mass. 02148
P.O. Box 218
Wrentham. Mass. 02093
1840 Parkway St.
Everett, Mass. 02149
Sunderlsnd, Mass. 01375
Quarry Middlesex.
-do.
-do.
.do.
Do.
... Esau.
... Middlesex.
.do Worcester.
-do Do,
.do Hampden and
Hampshire.
.do -
aw •*•
Quin
Weal
Forrest Road Granite Co..
Inc.
Guilmette Bros. Corp
Le Masurier GraniU
Quarry, Inc.
Oak Hill Granite Co., Inc.. .
Plymouth Quarries, Inc.'
Granite, crushed and broken:
Old Colony Crushed Stone
Co.
Simeone Stone Corp
West Roxbury Crushed
Stone Co.
Limestone and dolomite, crushed:
John, S. Lane & Son, Inc
Lee Lime Corp
Massachusetts Broken Stone
Co.
Pfizer, Ine
Miscellaneous stone, crushed:
Berlin Stone Co
1372 Hancock St.
luincy. Mass. 02169
treat Chelmslord. .""
01824
20 Adams St.
North Chelmsford, Mass. 01863
57 Ledge Rd.
North Chelmsford, Mass. 01863
P.O. Box 71, Ledge Rd.
North Chelmsford, Mass. 01863
Middlesex St., Lowell. Masa.
01862
East Weymouth, Mass. 01402..
P.O. Box 230
Qulncy, Mass. 02169
P.O. Box 218
Wrentham. Mass. 02093
10 Grove St.
West Roxbury. Mass. 02132
P.O. Bos 126
Westfield, Mass. 01085
Marble St.. Lee. Mass. 01288.
Boston Post Rd.
Weston. Mass. 02193
260 Columbia St.
Adams, Masa. 01220
.do Middlesex.
.do Do.
..do Norfolk.
..do rnaar
_do Franklla.
.do Norfolk.
.do Middlesex.
.do Da.
,.do Do.
.do Do.
.do Do.
.do Plymouth.
.do Norfolk,
.do Do.
.do Suffolk.
O
OV
-do.
,.do.
.*»..
Berkshire.
Do.
Mill ill MSI
Berkshire.
Dedham Sand & Gravel,
Inc.
S. M. Lorusao & Sons. Inc..
Warren Bros. Co., Division
of Ashland Oil & Re-
fining Co.
Sandstone, dimension:
McCorroick Longmeadow
Stone Co_ Inc.
Viraleullta,exfoliated:
•W. R. Grmc. - -
Sawyer Hill Rd.
Berlin, Mass. 01503
Walpole, Mass. 02081..
331 West St.
Walpole, Masa. 02081
430 Howard St.
Brockton, Masa. 02402
East LonKmeadow. Mass.
01028
62 Whitt«mor» Ava-
C«mbritl««, MM*. O214O
..do Worcester,
..do Norfolk.
..do Do.
..do Bristol.
do».
Plut
Hampden.
-------
A-107
Michigan
The bedrock of the western portion of Michigan's upper peninsula
consists almost entirely of Precambrian formations. Locally there are a
few outcrops of Ordivician age sediments. Within the Precambrian formations
there are numerous intrusives, some of middle Precambrian age (Iron County
principally), but mostly of lower Precambrian age (Gogebic, Iron, Marquette,
Dickinson, and Menominee Counties). The major occurrences are shown
in Figure \~?.7. The iron ore deposits of Michigan are sometimes closely
associated with these intrusions, notably in Marquette County. The major
copper occurrences of the Keeweenaw Peninsula are associated with the great
Keeweenaw Fault. The copper deposit in Ontonagon County at White Pine is
a sulfide. Thus, it is clear that the mineralization and metamorphism is
widespread in this part of Michigan's upper peninsula. However, there is
not currently an abundance of quarrying and mining activity.
There are no current mining activities for the native copper deposits
of the Keesweenaw Peninsula. Copper sulfide ore is being mined in Ontonagon
County at White Pine, however (White Pine Copper Company, P.O. Box 427,
White Pine, Michigan 49971). Iron ores are being taken from Iron County
from the Iron River - Crystal Falls District (Inland Steel Company, 30 West
Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603), from the Felch District in Dickinson
Country (The Hanna Mining Company, 100 Erieview Plaza, Cleveland, Ohio 44114)
and from the Marquette Range in Marquette County (Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company,
1460 Union Commerce Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44114). The latter operates at
four sites from the Marquette Range as described below.
Site No. Township & Range Section Town Location Remarks
1 T 47 N, R 26 W 17 1 mile NW of Palmer Open pit,
pellets
2 T 47 N, R 27 W 1 West side of Negaunee Open pit,
pellets
3 T 46 N, R 29 W 7 1 mile S of Republic Open pit,
pellets
4 T 47 N, R 27 W 26 3 miles S of Ishpeming Open pit,
Siliceous
ore
-------
0 20 40
Miles
o
00
Native copper (inactive)
Copper sulfide (active)
Iron mines and pits (active)
Crushed amphibolite and feldspar
Granite,granite gneiss, metamorphosed
gabbro, metamorphosed volcanics and
sediments. Includes the "greenstone"
of Gogebic and Marquette areas.
-Precambrian-
1
>*
/
Lower /
I cninsuia ^*j
.y
w
-------
A-109
The former iron recovery operations at Ironwood in Gogebic County, at
the Atnasa-Oval District in Iron County, at Gwinn in Marquette County,
and in the Iron Mountain Range in Dickinson County, are currently inactive.
Of interest in the same general area of Dickinson County, however, is a
crushed amphibolite operation taking place in Section 26, near Randville
(Aggregate Specialties, Caspian, Michigan 49915). Elsewhere in the ten-
county area of western upper peninsula, Michigan, there are numerous
quarrying operations for such commodities as sand, gravel, sandstone, lime-
stone, marble, dolomite, and felspar. Asbesti form minerals have not been
reported from these operations. Mineral production in Michigan is summarized
in Table A-36.
Source References
(100) Bedrock of Michigan, R. W. Kelley, 1968, Small Scale Map 2, Michigan
Geological Survey, Lansing, Michigan.
(101) Michigan Mineral Producers, 1972, Annual Directory 6, R. T. Segall,
1973, Michigan Geological Survey, Lansing, Michigan.
(102) Check Minerals Yearbook, Michigan, 1971.
-------
TABLE A"36. Value of mineral production in Michigan, by county l
(Thou-samta)
County
1970
1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in unler ol value
Alcona W $334 Stone, sand and gravel.
Alitcr - $39 li'J Sand and gravel.
Allcgnn' . W 924 Sand and gravel, petroleum, peat, atone,
natural gas.
Al|i«na . W W Cement, atone, clays, sand anil gravel.
Antrim W W CluyK, sand and gravel.
Arenac ... 1,048 1,055 Petroleum, atone, sand and gravel.
liaraga 120 81 Sand and gravel.
Harry W W Sand and gravel, petroleum, stone.
Bay K.73H 10.NOS Cement, Hand and gravel, petroleum, lime.
Benzie 3 IK Sand and gravel.
Berrien 2,960 W Sand and gravel, stone.
Branch 356 W Do.
Calhoun* W 5,061 Petroleum, sand and gravel, stone, natural
gas.
Can W W Sand and gravel, stone.
CharlevoU 12,389 W Cement, stone, sand and gravel.
Cheboygan.. 138 W Stone, sand and gravel.
Chippewa 4,471 3,618 Do.
Clare1 W 1,331 Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Clinton W 807 Sand and gravel, clays.
Crawford ' W W Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Delta 270 W Stone, sand and gravel.
Dickinson.. 26,983 26,210 Iron ore, stone, sand and gravel.
Eaton 1,033 729 Sand and gravel, stone, clays, peat.
Emmet 9,342 12,8X2 Cement, stone, sand and graveL
Genesee 633 975 Sand and gravel, petroleum.
Gladwin W 912 Petroleum.
Gogebic 114 W Sand and gravel.
Grand Traverse W W Sand and gravel, petroleum.
Gratiot: W W Magnesium compounds, calcium-magnesium
chloride, salt, bromine, sand and gravel,
petroleum, natural gas.
Hillsdale' — W W Petroleum, sand and gravel, stone, natural
gas.
Houghton 119 W Sand and gravel, stone.
Huron 1,105 1,276 Stone, lime, sand and gravel.
Ingham W 1,917 Petroleum, sund and gravel, peat.
Ionia 562 319 Sand and gravel.
loeco — 4,893 5,306 Gypsum, sand and gravel.
Iron 7,020 6,635 Iron ore, sand and gravel.
Isabella* W W Sand and gravel, petroleum, natural gas.
Jackson1 W 2,921 Petroleum, sand and gravel, stone, natural
gas.
Kalamazoo 1,809 W Sand and gravel, stone.
Kalkaska 521 '1,007 Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Kent1 4,478 5,106 Sand and gravel, gypsum, petroleum, peat,
natural gas.
Keweenaw 21 5 Sand and gravel.
Lake 685 630 Petroleum, sand and gravel.
La peer1 1,340 1,231 Peat, petroleum, sand and gravel, calcium-
magnesium chloride, natural gas.
Leelanau 222 609 Stone, sand and gravel.
Lenawee1 766 1,002 Sand and gravel, clays, petroleum, natural
gas.
Livingston 3,345 2,936 Sund and gravel.
Luce 33 W Do.
Macklnac W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Macomb* 2,284 2.2G7 Sand and gravel, petroleum, natural gas.
Manistee 27,673 26,701 Salt, magnesium compounds, bromine, sand
and gravel.
Marquette 135,806 128,064 Iron ore, sand and gravel, stone.
Mason W 26,747 Magnesium compounds, calcium-magnesium
chloride, lime, bromine, sand and gravel
petroleum.
Mecosta1 W W Petroleum, sand and gravel, peat, natural
gas.
Menomlnee W W Lime, Hand and gravel.
Midland . W W Bromine, salt, calcium-magnesium chloride,
magnesium compounds, iodine, petroleum,
sand and gravel.
Missaukee' 2,008 W Petroleum, Hand and gravel, natural gas.
Monroe W W Cement, stone, clays, peat, petroleum, sand
and gravel.
Montcalm '543 W Petroleum, nand and graveL
Montmorency 64 2 Sand and gravel.
Muskegon 2,260 W Suit, mind and gravel, petroleum.
Newaygo' 493 W Sand and gravel, petroleum, natural gas.
Oakland W 13,543 Sand and gravel, peat, petroleum.
Oeeana $507 $401 Petroleum, sand and gravel.
OgemaW 1,736 1,628 Petroleum, sand and gravel, stone, natural
gas.
Ontonagon.. 79,618 59,282 Copper, silver, sand and gravel.
Osceola" 2,261 W Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gal.
Oscoda 60 40 Sand and gravel, petroleum.
Otaego' — 911 W Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Ottawa' W 3,763 Sand and gravel, clays, petroleum, natural
gas.
Presquelale W W Stone, sand and gravel, petroleum.
RoscommoD* W W Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Saginaw 613 809 Sand and gravel, lime, clays, petroleum.
St. Glair« 19,293 18,923 Salt, petroleum, cement, clays, sand and
gravel, natural gas.
St. Joseph . 266 198 Sand and gravel, peat, stone.
Sanilae 1,158 1,935 Peat, sand and gravel, lime.
Schooleraft W W Stone.
Shiawassee . 682 486 Sand and gravel, peat, clays, petroleum.
Tuscola W W Sand and gravel, petroleum, lime.
Van Buren 174 138 Sand and gravel, petroleum.
Washtenaw 1,364 2,603 Do.
Wayne 67,189 64,028 Cement, lime, salt, land and gravel, stone,
clays, petroleum.
Wexford 121 W Sand and graveL
Undistributed* 288.821 802,467
Total '670,729 640,636
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed."
> Values (or natural gas and natural gaa liquids are not available on a county basis; Included with "Undis-
tributed."
1 Excludes value of natural gas.
* Includes values (or natural gas, natural KM liquids, gem atones, some sand and gravel that cannot b»
assigned to specific counties, and values indicated by symbol W.
• Data, does not add to total shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-lll
Minnesota
The general geology of Minnesota is an extension of the Canadian
Precambrian Shield and has the same general rock sequences. Figure A-28
gives the general geology, with the shaded areas indicating the igneous
and metamorphic horizons which are close to the surface over most of the
state. The primary metamorphism is associated with Duluth Gabbro along
the eastern end of the Mesabi Range. The principal minerals in this
area are quartz, magnetite, amphiboles (commonly cummingtonite, actinolite,
and hornblende) pyroxenes, garnet, fayalite, and biotite. The Duluth
Gabbro Complex is also present in the Gunflint Range and a small section
of the Vermillion Range.
The main mineral production value of Minnesota is the iron
ore. Two counties (St. Louis and Itasca) account for 92 percent of the
states mineral production value with St. Louis counties totaling 81 percent.
The remaining mineral production is accounted for by manganiferous ore,
clays, sand and gravel, stone, lime, and peat. The principal mineral
producers are given in Table A-37. The value of mineral production is
given in Table A-38 by county.
The iron ore coming from the northeastern end of the Mesabi
Range reportedly contains asbestosform minerals as an accessory
component in quantities as high as 30 percent. Currently, there is
court action being taken by the EPA to stop Reserve Mining Company
from dumping tailings into the lake. This action was taken upon find-
ing fibrous amphiboles in the drinking water supply which is taken from
the lake by Duluth and other communities.
-------
A-112
x x * Precombrion
Algomon(gronite)
Precambrian
Melamorphic
and Igneous
Complex
.
l ( (, I I I 1.1 I, \( ( I
I'tt'THE WOODS
m
SAINT LOUIS
Mesabi Range
1IIIIII
Cuyune Range
HUBBARD CASS
Precambr ian
Gabbro
Keeweenowan
Volcanic
Keeweenawan
Sedimentary
Shaded area
represents igneous
and metamcrphic
close to surface
FIGURE A-28. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MINNESOTA
-------
A-113
TABLE A-37, PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN MINNESOTA
County
Company and Address
Rock
St. Louis
Henneoin
Brown,
Redwood
Ramsey
St. Louis
Ramsey
Itasca
Crow Wing
Itasca
Itasca,
St. Louis
Jasper Stone Company
Box 206
Sioux City, Iowa 51102
Universal Atlas Cement Div.
United States Steel Corp.
Chatham Center, Box 2969
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230
North Central Lightweight
Aggregate Company, Inc.
4901 W. Medicine Lake Dr.
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55427
Ochs Brick & Tile Company
Springfield, Minnesota 56087
Twin City Brick Company
790 Joy Avenue
St. Paul, Minnesota 55118
American Steel & Wire Division
United States Steel Corp.
Morgan Park
Duluth, Minnesota 55800
Koppers Company, Inc.
1000 Hamline Avenue, North
St. Paul, Minnesota 55104
Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company
1460 Union Commerce Building
Cleveland, Ohio 44115
Canisteo and Hill Trumbull
The Hanna Mining Company
100 Eireview Plaza
Cleveland, Ohio 44114
Rabbit Lake
Butler Taconite Project
National Steel pellet project
Commodity
Abras ive
Stone
Cement
Clays &
Shale
Clays &
Shale
Clays &
Shale
Coke
Coke
Iron Ore
Iron Ore
Iron Ore
Iron Ore
Iron Ore
Iron Ore
-------
A-114
TABLE A-37 (continued)
County
Company and Address
Commodity
St. Louis
Itasca
St. Louis
it
M
Lake
St. Louis
Hanna Mining Co. (continued)
Pierce Group
South Agnew Group
West Hill
Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation
Minnesota Ore Division
Virginia, Minnesota 55692
Hill Annex and Lind-Greenway
McKinley and Schley Group
Oglebay Norton Company
Hanna Building
Cleveland, Ohio 44115
Thunderbird Mine
Fairland Plant
Pickands Mather & Company
2000 Union Commerce Building
Cleveland, Ohio 44115
Erie Commercial
Mahoning
Pittsburgh Pacific Company
2521 First Avenue
Hibbing, Minnesota 55746
Dunwoody, Gilbert, Lincoln
West, Monroe, and Others
Julia Plant
Reserve Mining Company
Silver Bay, Minnesota 55614
Peter Mitchell
E. W. Davis Works
Rhude & Fryberger, Inc.
Box 66
Hibbing, Minnesota 55746
Gross Nelson and Hull-Rust Group
Iron Ore
-------
A-115
TABLE A-37 (continued)
County
St. Louis
Itasca
St. Louis
Company and Address
Commodity
Snyder Mining Company
Box 1106
Pittsburgh, Pa 15230
Kosmerl Lease Area, Iron Ore
Wanless, Whiteside
United States Steel Corporation
Minnesota Ore Operations
Box 417
Mountain Iron, Minnesota 55768
Plummer Group "
Kosmerl "
Minntac "
Rouchleau Group "
Sherman Group
Stephens Mine
11
it
Dakota
Hennepin
Carvery, Clay,
Polk
St. Louis
American Steel & Wire Division
U.S. Steel Corp
Morgan Park
Duluth, Minn 55800
Gopher Smelting and Refining Company
Hwy. 49 and Hwy. 55
St. Paul, Minn 55111
N. L. Industries, Inc.
3650 Hamshire St
Minneapolia, Minn 55426
American Crystal Sugar Co Lime
Boston Building
Denver, Colorado 80201
Cutler-Magner Company "
12th Avenue & Waterfront
Duluth, Minn 55802
The Hanna Mining Company
100 Eireview Plaza
Cleveland, Ohio 44114
Iron and steel
Secondary
Lead Smelters
Crow Wing
Lauretta
Manganiferous ore
-------
A-116
TABLE A-37 (continued)
County
Company and Address
Commodity
Crow Wing
Aitkin
St. Louis
CarIton
Hennepin
Dakota,
Hannepin,
Washington
Hennepin
Pittsburgh Pacific Company
2521 First Avenue
Hibbing, Minn 55746
Louise and Mangan No. 1
Colby Pioneer Peat Company
Box 8
Haniontown, Iowa 50444
Power-0-Peat Company
Gilbert, Minn 55741
Red Wing Peat Corporation
Box 3006
Houston, Texas 77001
Zonolite Division,
W. R. Grace & Company
62 Whittemore Avenue
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Alexander Construction Company, Inc.
4641 Hiawatha Avenue
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55406
Anderson Aggregates, Inc.
100 North Seventh Street
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55403
Manganiferous ore
Peat
Carlton, Chisago Barton Contracting Company
Dakota, Hennepin 10300 - 89th Avenue, North
Sherburne, Osseo, Minnesota 55369
Washington
Peat
Expanded perlite
Expanded perlite
Sand and Gravel
Sand and Gravel
Sand and Gravel
Bit Stone,
Carlton,
Clearwater,
Kandiyohi,
Kittson,
Marshall,
Polk, Redwood,
Renville, Roseau
Brown, Carlton
Faribault,
Goodhue,
Jackson,
Martin, Polk,
Stevens,
Watonwan, Winona
Duininck Brothers & Gilchrist
Olivia, Minnesota 56277
Sand and Gravel
W. Hodgman & Sons, Inc.
1100 Marcus Street
Fairmont, Minnesota 56031
Sand and Gravel
-------
A-117
TABLE A-37 (continued)
County
Conmany and Address
Commodity
Itasca,
St. Louis
McLean Construction Company
1288 Tower Avenue
Superior, Wisconsin 54880
Clay, Clear- Mark Sand & Gravel Company
water, Douglas, Box 396
Grant, Fergus Falls, Minnesota 56537
Mahnomen, Norman
Otter Tail, Wilkin
Benton,
Blue Earth,
Chippewa
Hennepin, Jackson,
Mille, Lacs, Nicollet,
Nobles, Olmsted,
Pine, Polk, Pope,
Red Lake, Renville,
Rock, Scott, Yellow
Medicine
Minnesota Valley Improvement Co.
Granite Falls, Minnesota 56241
Washington
Freeborn,
Mower,
Olmsted, Steele
Carlton, Cook,
Lake, St. Louis
Big Stone, Lac
qui Parle, Mille
Lacs, Renville
Stearns
J. L. Shiely Company
1101 North Snelling Avenue
St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
Ulland Brothers, Inc.
Box 98
Austin, Minnesota 55912
Do.
Box 340
Cloquet, Minnesota 55720
Cold'Spring Granite Company
Cold Spring, Minnesota 56320
Do.
Lac qui Parle, Delano Granite, Inc.
Stearns Delano, Minnesota 55328
Wright Do.
Yellow Medicine The Green Company
Stearns
Shiely-Petters Crushed Stone
Company, Inc.
Box 69
St. Cloud, Minnesota 56301
Sand and Gravel
Sand and Gravel
Sand and Gravel
Sand and Gravel
Sand and Gravel
Sand and Gravel
Granite
Granite
Granite
Do.
Granite
Granite
-------
A-118
TABLE A-37 (continued)
County
Company and Address
Commodity
Le Sueur
Wlnona
Scott,
Washington
Houston,
Winona
Dakota
Blue Earth
Do.
Mower
Olmsted,
Wabasha
Dodge,
Olmsted,
Wabasha,
Winona
The Babcock Company
Kasota, Minnesota 56050
Biesanz Stone Company, Inc.
116 West 7th Street
Winona, Minnesota 55987
Bryan Rock Products, Inc.
Box 215
Shakopee, Minnesota 55379
Hector Construction Company, Inc,
Box 410
Caledonia, Minnesota 55921
Edward Kraemer & Sons, Inc.
Plain, Wisconsin 53577
Mankato Ag Lime & Rock Company
Route 3
Mankato, Minnesota 56001
Mankato Stone Company
836 North Front Street
Mankato, Minnesota 56001
Osmundson Brothers
Adams, Minnesota 55909
Patterson Quarries, Div. of
Mathy Construction
St. Charles, Minnesota 55972
Quarve & Anderson Company
Route 3, Box 27
Rochester, Minnesota 55901
Limestone &
dolomite
Limestone &
dolomite
Limestone &
dolomite
Limestone &
dolomite
Limestone &
dolomite
Limestone &
dolomite
Limestone &
dolomite
Limestone &
dolomite
Limestone &
dolomite
Limestone &
dolomite
Scott
Scott,
Washington
Blue Earth,
Le Sueur
River Warren Aggregates, Inc,
Lakeville, Minnesota 55074
J. L. Shiely Company
1101 North Snelling Avenue
St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
Vetter Stone Company
Route 4
Mankato, Minnesota 56001
Limestone &
dolomite
Limestone &
dolomite
Limestone &
dolomite
-------
A-119
TABLE A-37 (continued)
County
Company and Address
Commodity
Wadena
Rock
Nicollet
St. Louis
Dakota
Washington
Richard Nanik Marl Pit
Star Route
Staples, Minnesota 56479
Jasper Stone Company
Box 206
Sioux City, Iowa 51102
New Uln Quartzite Quarries, Inc
New Uln, Minnesota 56073
Arrowhead Blacktop Company
14th Avenue, West & Waterfront
Duluth, Minnesota 55802
Great Northern Oil Company
Box 3596
St. Paul, Minnesota 55101
Northwestern Refining Company
P.O. Drawer 9
St. Paul Park, Minnesota 55071
Marl
Quartzite
Quartzite
Traprock
(basalt)
Sulfur
(recovered)
Sulfur
(recovered)
-------
A-120
TABLE A-38. -Value of mineral production in Minnesota, by county
(Thousands)
County
Aitkin
Anoka -
Becker
Beltrami
Btnton
Big Stone
Blue Earth
Brown
Carlton
Carver
Cass
Chippewa
Chisago
Clay -
Clearwater. . ..
Cook
Cotton wood
Crow Wing -
Dakota
Dodge —
Douglas
Karibaiilt _„
Fi 1 Imore
Frreborn
Goodhue
Grant
Hennepin
Houston
Hubbard
Isanti
Itar.ca
Jackson
Kanabec
Kandiyohi
Kittson
Konchiching
Lar qui I'arle
Lake
I.iiki' o( the Woods
!,«• Sueur
Lincoln ..
Lyon
M.-Lf-nd
Malinomcn ......_.. ..
Marsh.il!
M:irtm
Mcnki.-r
Milli- Lacs
Morrison
M uwer
Murray , . .....
Nirollel
Nulilns
Norman .. ..... ......
Olmsted
Otter Tail
Pcnnington
Pine
Pipcstonc -
Polk
Pope
Ramsey
Red Lake
Redwood
Renvillc
Rice
Rock
Roseau
St. Louis
Scott
Sherburne —
Sibley
Stearns _
Stcelc
Stevens
Swift
Todd
Traverse . . . . ._
Wabasha
Wadena -
Waseca . .
Washington.. . ..
Watonwan
Wilkin
Winona
Wright
Yellow Medicine
Undistributed '
Total'
1971
W
W
W
W
W
$1,661
\V
W
W
140
250
193
W
219
W
117
1.706
W
W
W
.. W
772
659
W
W
W
W
W
8
81.585
255
38
W
W
W
-1S1
W
W
W
W
W
W
6
232
211
W
W
38
W
W
W
179
W
W
$521
W
47
220
W
W
W
W
206
W
W
818
W
476,053
W
687
34
W
W
431
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
. .. w
430
W
40.577
603.776
1972 Minerals produced in 1972 in order of value
$109 Sand and gravel.
W Do.
117 Do.
W Do.
114 Do.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
1.397 Do.
W Sand and gravel, clays.
W Sand and gravel, peat, clays.
W Sand and gravel, clays.
190 Sand and gravel.
W Do.
\V Do.
W Sand and gravel, lime.
W Sand and gravel.
W Do.
W Do.
1,494 Manganiferuus ore, iron ore, sand and gravel.
W Sand anil gravel, stone.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
62 Sand and gravel.
120 Do.
606 Stune, sand and gravel.
391 Sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Sand and gravel.
4 ,447 Sand and jjravol, clays, stone.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
29 Sand and gravel.
75,527 Iron ore, sand and gravel, peat.
W Sand and gravel.
75 Do.
274 Do.
W Do.
116 Do.
414 Stone, sand and gravel.
til) Sand and gravel.
W Do.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Sand and gravel.
90 Do.
27 Do.
212 Sand and gravel.
300 Do.
W L>o.
W Stum-, sand and gravel.
W Sand anil gravel.
W Slnne, sand and gravel.
7 Sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Sand and gravel.
$9G Sand and gra\el.
W Stone, .sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravi-l.
122 Do.
17 Do.
W Do.
W Sand and gravel, lime.
W Sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, clays.
W Sand and gravel.
87 Stone, clays, sand and gravel.
W Stone, Band and gravt-l.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
640 Stone, abrasives, sand and gravel.
59 Sand and gravi-l.
534 ,260 Iron ore, cemt-nt, sand and gravel, stone, lime, peat.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
931 Sand and gravel.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Sand and gravel.
W Do.
W Do.
W Do.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Sand and gravel.
W Smi'l and gravel, stone.
8 Sai. and gravel.
W Do.
W Stone.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
424 Stone, fund and gravel.
36 , B32
659.669
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidpnli-il data: included with "Undistributed."
> Includes value of mineral production '.hat cannot lie assigned u> specific counties and values indicated by
symbol W.
1 Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-121
Reference Sources
(2) Asbestos in the U.S., A. H.Chidester, A. F. Shide, 1972,
USGS Map MR-17.
(103) Asbestos in the U.S., A. H. Chidester, A. F. Shide, 1972,
USGS Map MR-17.
(104) Map of Mineral Resources of Minnesota, G. M. Schwartz,
N, Prokopovich, 1966, Minnesota Geological Survey, University
of Minnesota.
(105) Geologic Map of Minnesota Bedrock Geology, P.K. Sims, 1970,
USGS Map M-14.
(106) Ore Deposits in the United States, 1933/1967, John D. Ridge,
editor, 1968, AIME, New York, New York.
(107) The Mesabi Iron-Bearing District of Minnesota, C. K. Leith,
1903, U.S. Geol. Survey Mono, 43, 316 p.
(108) The Geology of the Lake Superior Region, C. R. Van Rise, and
C. K. Leith, 1911, U.S. Geol. Surv. Mono. 52, 641 p.
(109) The Ore Bodies of the Mesabi Range, J. F. Wolff, Eng. and Min.
Jour. v. 100, nos, 3, 4, 5, 6, p 89-94, 135-139, 178-185
219-224.
(110) Mineralogy and Geology of the Mesabi Range, J. W. Gruner, 1946,
Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation, St. Paul, 127 p.
(Ill) Development of Lake Superior Soft Iron Ores from Metamorphosed
Iron Formation, S. A. Tyler, 1949, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.,
v. 60, p 1101-1124.
(112) Sedimentary Iron Deposit, p 506-523, in Applied Sedimentation,
1950, P. D. Trask, editor, Wiley, N.Y., 707 p.
(113) Sedimentary Facies of Iron-Formation, H. L. James, 1954, Econ.
Geol., v. 49, p 235-291.
(114) The Stratigraphy and Structure of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota,
D. A. White, 1954, Minn. Geol. Surv. Bull. 38, 92 p.
(115) The Mesabi Range, J/ W. Gruner, 1956, Geol. Soc. Amer. Guidebook
for Field Trips, Field Trip No. 1, p. 182-215.
(116) The Precambrian Geology and Geochronology of Minnesota, S. S.
Goldich, et al., 1961, Minn. Geol. Surv. Bull. 41, 193 p.
-------
A-122
Source Reference (continued)
(117) The Geology of the Metamorphosed Biwabik Iron-Formation, Eastern
Mesabi District, Minnesota, J. N. Gundersen and G. M. Schwartz,
1962, Minn. Geol. Survey Bull. 43, 139 p.
(118) The Charts of the Lake Superior Iron-Bearing Formations,
J. T. Mengel, 1963, Univ. Wise., unpublished Ph. D. dissertation.
(119) Development of Magnetite in Iron-Formation of the Lake Superior
Region, G. L. LaBerge, 1964, Econ. Geol., v 59, p 1313-1342.
(120) Origin of the Precambrian Iron-Formations, H. Lepp and S. S.
Goldich, 1964, Econ. Geol. v. 59, p. 1025-1060.
(121) American Iron Ore Association, 1965, Iron Ore: Cleveland, Ohio
(122) Mining Directory Issue, Minnesota, 1965, M. R. Aim, 1965,
Univ. Minn. Bull. 68, 268 p.
(123) Chemistry of the Iron-Rich Sedimentary Rocks, H. L. James, 1966,
U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 440-W, 60 p.
-------
A-123
Mississippi
The mineral production in Mississippi consists of fossil fuels,
stone, clays, and sand and gravel principally. The county by county
production is presented in Table A-39. There are no activities in
rocks where fibrous amphibole minerals might occur.
Source Reference
(124) The Mineral Industry of Mississippi, C. L. Radling and A. R. Bicker, Jr.,
1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook.
t.ource Reference:
The Mineral Industry of Mississippi
C. L. Radling and A. R. Bicker, Jr., 1971
U. S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook.
-------
A-124
TABLE A-39.
Value of mineral production in Mississippi, by county
(Thousands)
County
Attala
Carroll -
Clarke
Clay
Covington
De Soto ,
Forrest _
Franklin
Hancock
Hinds
Holmes.
Humphreys
Itawamba
Jackson
Jasper
Jefferson
Jefferson Davis
Jones
Lafayette
Lamar
Lauderdale
Lee
Leflore
Lincoln
Lowndes
Madison
Marion
Marshall
Monroe
Noxubee
Oktibbeha -
Panola
Pearl River
Perry
Pike ---
Pontotoc
Prentiss
Rankin
Scott
Sim pson .
Smith
Stone
Sunflower
Tat«
Tippah
Tishomingo
Union
Walthall
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Wilkinson :
Winston
Yalobusha
Yaioo
Undistributed
1970
$23,053
W
.. . 3,732
W
.. . W
W
40,010
... . 477
W
847
W
3,649
.. .. 12,022
313
.. .. 238
174
1,555
349
W
.. . W
25,880
1,334
5,643
10,870
W
18,530
W
W
W
6,739
W
1,751
W
W
W
W
W
687
W
3,127
W
W
5.074
171
2,048
16.067
W
W
69
W
W
16
5,599
1,865
. . W
17,031
7,541
W
W
8,035
26.686
1971
J22.014
W
5,364
W
W
W
44,119
682
W
920
W
3,460
9,913
234
270
W
2,128
376
49
W
W
26,786
1,220
5,985
11,841
W
28,436
W
W
W
4,777
W
1,559
W
362
3,280
W
W
W
649
W
2.045
W
W
5,344
295
2, OIK
12.09S
W
W
W
1.760
W
W
H.1KO
3.280
W
16.150
6,570
W
W
9,201
21.031
Minerals produced in 1971, In order of value
Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas, natural gas
liquids, clays.
Sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas.
Clays.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, clays.
Petroleum, natural gaa, natural gas liquids, sand and
gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone, natural gaa.
Sand and gravel.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Sand and gravel.
Natural gas, sand and gravel, petroleum, clays.
Petroleum, natural gas.
Do.
Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Petroleum, clays, natural gas, stone, sand and
gravel.
Sand and gravel, petroleum, natural gas.
Petroleum, natural gas.
Clays, natural gaa.
Magnesium compounds, lime, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gaa, natural gas liquids, clays.
sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas.
Natural gas, petroleum, natural gas liquids.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, clays.
Sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel.
Clays, sand and gravel.
Clays, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Natural gas, petroleum.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, clays.
Sand and gravel, clays.
Petroleum, natural gaa.
Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Clays.
Clays, sand and gravel, natural gas, petroleum.
Clays, sand and gravel.
Natural gas.
Clays, sand and gravel.
Natural gas, petroleum, clays.
Sand and gravel, petroleum.
Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gaa.
Sand and gravel.
Clays.
Cement, petroleum, atone, sand and gravel, natural
gas.
Petroleum, natural gas.
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, clays,
sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Clays.
Sand and gravel.
Clays.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Cement, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel.
Do.
Clays.
Sand and gravel.
Petroleum, natural gas.
Total' 249,973 262,393
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed."
•The following counties were not listeil because no production was reported: Benton, Calhuun, Chickasaw,
Choctaw, Claiborne, Coahnma, George. Grenada, Issaquena, Kemper, Lawrence, Leake, Montgomery, Neshoba,
Newton, Quitman, Sharkey, Talluhalrhie, Tunica, and Webster.
1 Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-125
Missouri
The rocks of the Ozark Uplift dominate the geology of southern
Missouri. The extent of these rocks and the three areas of interest
within the uplift are located on Figure A-29. Rocks of Precambrian
and Cambrian age which include igneous and metamorphic rocks outcrop in the
southeast mining district notably in the St. Francois Mountain District.
This area is most noted for its lead-zinc production where the mineralization
is in Cambrian age rocks. The zinc-lead mineralization in the Tri-State
mining district (Jasper, Lawrence, and Newton Counties) is in Mississippian
age cherty limestone variably altered to dolomite. In the Central mining
district (Morgan, Miller, Camden, Moniteau, Cooper, and Cole Counties) the
mineralization is extensive, but not intensive and is found in rocks of late
Cambrian through Pennsylvanian age. These rocks also are principally limestone
or cherty dolomite with local sandstone, shale, and coal members. Lead is
recovered from this area as a by-product of barite recovery operations.
The Precambrian rocks exposed in the St. Francois Mountains and
the outliers are of three types: felsitic volcanic rocks ranging from rhyolite
to andesite, granites and granite porphyries, and basic intrusives of gabboric
composition. The location of these rocks is shown on the state map and the
detail map of a fourteen county area (Figure A-30). Within the general area,
dikes and diatremes ot mafic and ultramatic igenous rock occur in Cambrian
age brecciated sediments. The extent to which this type rock is encountered
during the various mining activities of the area is not reported.
As shown on the detail map of the St. Francois Mountain area, there
are numerous lead-zinc and iron mining operations surrounding the Precambrian
outcrops. The operations are in a mineralized area of roughly annular pattern
aroum. the dome of Precambrian rocks. While most of the sedimentaries in
the area are mineralized, the most intensive mineralization is in the
Cambrian Bonneterre Formation, which is the lowermost carbonate rock of
the region and is principally a dolomite. The lead-zinc ore bodies are
formed by a replacement mechanism. Many of the mining operations are currently
active.
-------
A-126
St. Francois
Mountains
A
B
C
Ozark uplift
Precambrian and cambrian
igneous and metamorphic rocks
Tri-state zinc-lead district
Central mining district
Southeast mining district
FIGURE A-29. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC
ROCK IN MISSOURI
-------
A-127
Miles
20
-N-
FRANKLIN
A* A A.
CRAWFORD
WASHINGTON
t?
JEFFERSON
*-\4
ILLINOIS
A^A
ST. FRANCOIS
"
STE.GENEVIEVE
PERRY
SHANNON
BOLLINGER
CARTER
Precambrian igneous and
metamorphic rocks
Iron mines and prospects ( ® active)
A Lead-zinc mines and prospects
FIGURE A-30. DETAIL MAP OF AR'iA OF MISSOURI WHERE
IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS OCCUR
-------
A-128
The magnetite-hematite iron deposits of the southeast mining
district occur as vein fillings and tabular replacement bodies in Precambrian
felsites, tuffs, and tuff breccias of the St. Francis Mountains and adjacent
areas. The currently active operation in Iron County at Pilot Knob (Pilot
Knob Pellet Company, P.O. Box 26, Ironton, Missouri, 63650) is in a tabular
body at the base of the Paleozoic rocks found locally in this area.
Magnetite is the chief ore mineral. Fine grinding and magnetic separation
permits concentration to about 63 percent iron with about 5 percent silica
content. The trap-rock at Pilot Knob is a felsite porphyry where the
minerology is chiefly quartz and feldspar phenocrysts, flurospar, and
sulfides. Fibrous amphibole minerals have not been reported from this
operation.
The active iron mining operation in Washington County at Pea Ridge
exploits a magnetite deposit in Precambrian volcanic magnetite deposit in
Precambrian volcanir rocks under 1300 feet of lower Palezoic sedimentaries.
The ore body transects the enclosing rhyolite and rhyolite porphyry flows
at a low angle. Specular hematite is present in variable amounts, in places
comprising most of the ore. Pyrite, apatite, and quartz are the chief
impurities. Pellets averaging 6S percent iron and less than 2 percent silica
are produced after concentrating and pelletizing. Fibrous amphibole minerals
have not been reported from this operation.
Apart from the Precambrian iron recovery operations described
above, Missouri does not have a production although there are extensive
"brown ore" deposits throughout the Ozark Uplift area of the state. The
deposits frequently occur in cherty clay residuum derived from weathered
Ordovician dolomites. There are no reports of amphibole mineralization
associated with these limonite ores.
As in numerous other midwestern states, there are numerous quarrying
. >_-ivities in Missouri for the recovery of sand, gravel, clay, and stone for
.arious uses. In addition, coal, asphalt, cement, and barite are recovered
i -om selected sites. Amphibole minerals are not reported from any of these
activities. The mineral production in Missouri is summarized in Table A-40
and A-41.
-------
TABLE A-40.
Value of miner.il production in Missouri, by county
(Thousands)
County
I»70
1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in oriler of value
Aliair W \V Stone.
Atchison.. W W Sum! and gravel.
Auclroin $75l> $1.7til Clays.
Barry .. W Stone.
Itarton W W Coal, native asphalt, stone.
Bates -..-.... 17li 14!) Stone.
Benton .. W Do.
Boone 4,131 5,01.3 dial, stone, saml and gravel, claya.
Buchanan.. 327 W Sand and gravel, stone.
Butler W 2H9 S;un| ami gravel, clays.
Caldwell W W Stone.
Callaway 2.1K1 1.1124 Clays, stone, coal, sand and gravel.
Camden W W Stone.
Cape Girardeau W W Cement, stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Cass W W Stone.
Cedar .. 94 Do.
Chariton -- W Sand and gravel.
Christian 460 W Stone.
Clark - W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Clay W W Do.
Clinton W W Stone.
Cole 605 391 Stone, sand ami gravel, lead.
Cooper W W Stone, sand and gr:ivel.
Crawford G.29G .1,990 Lead, copper, zinc, stone, silver.
Dade 107 W Stone.
Dallas W W Do.
Daviess 5M5 527 Stone, sand and gravel.
De Kalb 107 125 Stone.
Douglas W W Sand and gravel.
Dunklin 90 W Do.
Franklin W W Stone, clays, sand and gravel.
Gasconade 1,982 1, 7f>3 Clays, saml and gravel.
Gentry.. W W Stone, saml and gravel.
Greene W W Stone, lime.
Grundy -- W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Harrison W W Stone.
Henry W W Coal, stone.
Hickory W W Stone.
Holt W W Do.
Howard W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Howell 2,023 W Do.
Iron N4.225 K4.729 - Lead, iron ore, zinc, copper, silver, stone.
Jackson W 12.632 Cement, stone, sand ami gravel, clays.
Jasper W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Jellerson W W Cement, stone, sand and gravel, clays, lead.
Johnson W W Stone.
Knox W W Do.
Laclede W W Do.
Laf'yette W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Lawrence W W Stone.
Lewis -.— W W Sand and gravel, stone.
Lincoln. 4X6 W Sand and gravel, stone, clays.
Linn W W Stone.
Livingston W 1,237 Stone, clays, sand and gravel.
Macon W W Coal.
Madison W 20 Stone.
Marion W W Lime, stone.
Mercer 3K3 W Stone.
Miller W W Sand and gravel, stone.
Moniteau N5 W Stone.
Monroe.- - 329 271 Clays, stone, sand and gravel.
Montgomery 6X7 765 Do.
Newton W 137 Stone.
Nodaway 746 W Stone, sand and gravel.
Oregon W 15 Stone.
Oaage. W W Sand and gravel, clays.
Ozark W
Pemiscot W 350 S*nd and gravel.
Perry W W Stone.
Pettis W W Do.
Phelps W 1")1 Stone, rla>s, sand ami gravel.
Pike W W Cement, stone, clays sand and gravel.
Platte.. 593 1,210 Clays, stone, sand and gravel.
Polk .. W Stone.
Pulaski W 176 Sand and gravel, stone.
Putnam W W Coal.
Rails W W Cement, stone, clays.
Randolph W W Coal, stone, sand and gravel.
Ray 920 1,710 Stone, sand and gravel.
Reynolds.. 5H.540 45,421 Lead, zinc, copper, silver, sand and gravel,
atone.
St. Charles $2,001 $2,3f>x Stone, sand and gravel, clays.
St. trancou 17,337 12,734 I-ead, lime, stone, copper, silver, zinc.
St. Louis 26,213 29.K63 Cement, stone, sand anil gravel, clays,
_ natural gas.
Ste. Genevieve 26.6r,l 33,211 Lime, stone, saml and gravel.
Saline 466 476 Stone.
Scotland W W Do.
Srott W W Clays.
Shannon 64 W Stone.
Shelby . w W Do.
Stoddard W 434 Saml and gravel.
vernon 229 235 Stone, coal, native asphalt.
Warren , 21:4 252 Clays, stone.
Washington 43.337 45,177 Iron ore, lead, barite, zinc, copper, silver,
sand and gravel.
Wayne W 135 Stone.
Webster . W
Wright W W Stone.
Undistributed* 109,64s 111,343
Total' 392.996 400,OS9
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed."
'The following counties werp not listed because no production was reported: Andrew, Bollinger, Carroll,
Carter, Dent, McDonald, Manes, Mississippi, Morgan. New Ma.lrid, Ripley, St. Clair, Schuyler, Stone.
Sullivan, Taney, Texas, and \\orlh.
»Includes value of sand and gravel and stone not assigned to specific counties, and value of petroleum for
which county data was unavailable for 1971.
1 Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-130
TABLE A-41. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN MISSOURI
Commodity and company
Address
Type of activity County
Asphalt, native:
Bar-Co-Roc Asphalt Co P.O. Box 11 Mine _ Barton.
lantlia, Mo. 647S3
Silica Rock Asphalt Corp Sheldon, Mo. 64784.. . do. Vernon.
Barite:
Dresser Minerals Dlv P.O. Box 6504 do Washington.
Houston, Tex. 77005
Milchem, Incorporated P.O. Box 22111 Mine and mill.. Do.
Houston, Tex. 77027
National Lead Co., Baroid Division. I'.O. Box 1675 do Do.
Houston, Tex. 77001
National Lead Co., DeLore P.O. Box 2H08 Mill St. Louis.
Division. Carnndelet Sta.
St. Louis, Mo. 63111
Chas. Pfizer & Co., Inc Box 47 Mine and mill.. Washington.
Mineral Point, Mo. 63H60
Cement:
Alpha Portland Cement Co 15 South Third St. Plant and St. Louis.
Kaston, Pa. 18043 quarry.
Dundee Cement Co P.O. Box 317 do Pike.
Dundee. Mich. 4H131
Marquette Cement Mfg. Co 20 North Wacker Dr. do Cape
Chicago, 111. 60606 Girardeau.
Missouri Portland Cement 7751 Carondelet Ave. do Jackson, St.
St. Louis, Mo. 63105 Louis.
River Cement Co Festus, Mo. 63028 do Jefferson.
Universal Alias Cement Div. of Chatham Center, Box 2969 do. . . Rails.
U.S. Steel Corp. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230
Clay and shale:
Allied Chemical Corp Box 70 Mineand plant. Gasconade.
Morristown, N.J. 07960
Alton Brick Co Box 1025 ...do St. Louis.
Maryland Heights, Mo. 63042
Carter-Waters Corp 2440 Pennway do Plait*.
Kansas City, Mo. 64108
C-E Refractories Div. of Combus- 101 Kerry Si. Mine and plant. Callaway,
tion EngincerinK. St. Louis, Mo. G3147 Monroe,
Montgomery.
Dundee Cement Co Dundee, Mich. 4.S131 do Pike.
U.S. Gypsum: A. I>. Green Refrac- Mexico, Mo. G52I15 do Franklin,
tories Co. Gasconade.
Dressers Industrie* Inc.: Harbison- 2 Gateway Center ... -do Audram,
Walker Refractories On. Pittsburgh, Pa. 1S222 Callaway,
Gasconade,
Lincoln,
Montgomery,
St. Charles,
Warren.
Kaiser Refractories P.O. Box 499 do Audratn.
Mexico, Mo. 652G5 Callaway,
Gasconade,
Montgomery,
Osage,
Warren.
Marquette Cement Mfg. Co 20 North Wacker Dr. do ... Cape
Chicago, 111. 60G06 Girardeau.
Midland Brick & Tile Co... Box 42N ....do Livingston.
Chillirothe, Mo. 64H01
Missouri Portland Cement Co 7751 Carundelel Ave. ...do Jackson, St.
St. Louis, Mo. 63105 . Louis.
H. K. Porter Co., Inc 4705 Ridgewood Ave. do Callaway,
St. Louis, Mo. 631115 Gasconade,
Monroe.
Universal Atlas Cement Div., U.S. P.O. Box 29G9 do Rails.
Steel Corp. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230
Wellsvillc Fire Brick Co West Highway 1H ....do Audrain,
Wellsville, Mo. S33H4 Montgomery.
Coal: ~ ..
Clayton-Hensley Coal Co Route 3 Strip mine Callaway.
Fulton, Mo. (i02&l
Ellis Coal Co Bronaugh, Mo. G472.H do Vernon.
Kirkville Coal Co., Inc Box 332 do Putnam.
Centcrville, Iowa r>25-14
Peabody Coal Co 301 North Memorial Dr. do Boone, Henry,
St. Ixjuis, Mo. 63102 Macon,
Randolph.
Copper: See Lead.
Iodine (consumers):
Holtman-Tall, Inc West Bennett ltd. Plant Greene.
Springfield, Mo. (iSHOO
Interstate Chemical Co., Inc 501 Santa Ke do Jackson.
Kansas Cily, Mo. (54102
M allinckrod t Chemical Works.... 3(iOO North Second St. do . St. Louis.
St. Louis, Mo. 63147
r0nMeramec Mining Co Route 4 Underground Washington.
Sullivan, MM. 630HO mine.
Pilot Knob Pellet Co Box 2t> ...do... iron.
Ironlon, Mo. 631)51)
Cominco American, Inc Box 430 do .. P«
Salem, Mo. '),:)5I>0
Missouri Lead 0|» rating Co. for Boss, Mo. 65440 ...do Do.
Amax Lead Co. and Home>taUe
Lead Co. of M<'. _ ..
Ozark Lead Co.. Sweetwater, Mo. 63680 do Reynolds.
St. Joe Minerals Corp Bonne Terre, Mo. C362K do Crawford, Iron.
neynoius, ot.
" Francois,
Washington.
-------
A-131
TABLE A-41. Continued)
Commodity and company
Address
Type of activity
County
Lime:
Ash Grove Cement Co
Marblehead Lime Co.
Mississippi Lime Co..
Valley Dolomite Corp
Perlite:
J. J. Brouk & Co
KoofinK granules:
GAK Corp .
1000 Ten Main Center
Kans:is City, Mo. 64105
300 West WiLsliinKtiiii
Chicago, III. 6060G
7 Alby Si.
Alton, III. (12002
915 Olive St.
St. Louis. Mo. 63101
1367 South Kiius-'hii'liway lllv.l
SI. Ixiuis, MIL 63110
Box 27H
Annapolis, Mo. 63620
Sand uml gravel:
Kureka Sand & Gravel Co
Holliday Sand & Gravel Co
Mississippi River Sand & Mall. Co.
Missouri Aggregates, Inc
Missouri Gravel Co
Norlinico, Inc
PI'G Industries, Inc
Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corp. - .
Riverside Sand & Dredging ..
St. Charles Sand Co
Stewart Sand & Material Co ...
Taylor Sand &. Gravel Co....
Wellon & Gray Gravel Co
Winter Bros. Material Co....
Silver: Sec Lead.
Stone:
Drown Quarries
Bussen Quarries, In*1
Dundee Cement Co
Gordon Bros. Quarries, Inr.
Mississippi Lime Co—
Missouri Portland Cement Ci.
River (!emcnt Company ...
Vigus Quarries, Inc
West Lake Quarry & Material Co.
Tripoli:
The Carborundum Co., American
Tripoli Div.
Vermiculilc:
W. R. Grace & Co., Zonoliie Div..
Zinc: Scr I .rail.
Rt. 1, Box 77
Kureka. Mo. 63025
6M11 West 63rd St.
Overland P.irk. Kans. 66202
650 Kosedale
St. Louis, Mo. 63112
HOI South Lindberg St.
St. Louis. Mi>. 113100
313 16th St.
Moline, III. 61265
P.O. Box 414
Hazelwood, Mo. 63042
1 Gateway Center
Pittsburgh, 1'a. 15219
Berkeley Springs,
W. Va. 25411
5000 Husscn ltd.
St. Ixjuis, Mo. 63129
Rt. 1, Box 253
Bridgeton. Mo. (13042
4049 Pennsylvania Ave.
Kansas City, Mo. 64111
Caruthersville, Mo. 63X30. .
Rt. 4. Ava, Mo. 6560X . . ...
1309X Gravois Rd.
St. Louis. Mo. 63127
Washington, M.I. 6x090.
5000 Bus:,en Rd.
St. Louis, Mo. 63129
P.O. Box 317
Dundee, Mich. 4X131
Forest City, Mo. 64451 .
7 Alhy St.
Alton, III. G2002
7751 Carondelel Ave.
St. I-ouiN, Mo. 63105
Festus, Mo. 63028
792'J Alabama Ave.
St. Ix>uis, Mo. 63111
Rt. 1, Box 206, Taussig Rd.
Bridgeton, Mo. 63042
Sentca. Mo. 64X65
Plant Greene.
...do Marion.
do Ste. Genevieve.
do St. Francois.
Kxpanding
plant.
Plant.. ..
Stationary-
Dredge
Stationary and
dredge.
Stationary.
Dredge
..do
Stationary
do
Dredge -
Stationary
do
Dredge. ....
Portable
Stationary ...
St. Louis.
Iron.
St. Louis.
. Various.
St. Louis..
Do.
Lewis.
St. Louis.
Jefferson.
St. Louis. St.
Charles.
St. Louis.
Do.
Jackson.
Pemiscot, New
Madrid.
Douglas.
St. Ixjuis.
Quarry Various.
.do. Jefferson,
St. Louis.
. ..do St. Louis.
.do Holt.
.do - Ste. Genevieve.
do Jackson, St.
Ix>uia.
....do Jefferson.
do Jefferson, Si.
Louis
.. .do St. Louis,
Scott.
Mill Newton.
f>2 Whitlemore Ave.
Cambridge. Mass. 01109
Exfoliating
plant.
St. Louis.
-------
A-132
Source References
(125) Geologic Map of Missouri, M. H. McCracke, 1961, Missouri Division of
Geological Survey and Water Resources, Rolla, Missouri.
(126) Mineral and Water Resources of Missouri, Volume XLIII, Second Series,
1967, Senate Document No. 19 (Numerous authors), U. S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
(127) The Mineral Industry of Missouri J. P. Ryan and J. A. Martin, 1971,
U. S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-133
Montana
Montana is divisible physiographically into three roughly
parallel, northwestward-trending regions. Each region comprises about
one-third of the state as shown in Figure A-31. The western third of
Montana forms the eastern part of the Northern Rocky Mountains and is the
district of principal interest to this study. This region is characterized
by deeply dissected mountain uplands separated by intermontane basins.
The mountains have been carved by erosion from rocks that have been uplifted
and in many places intensely folded and faulted. The southern half of the
region has been invaded by granitoid igneous rocks, the two principal bodies
being the Idaho batholith south of Missoula and the Boulder batholith south
of Missoula and the Boulder botholith between Helena and Butte. Volcanic
activity in the region has resulted in lava flows, beds of agglomerate and
tuff, and small intrusive rock bodies. The eastern border of the Northern
Rocky Mountains is marked by a 10- to 30-mile wide strip that is distinguished
by severe deformation in consequence of overthrust faulting (called the
Disturbed Belt).
The region to the east of the Rocky Mountains is known as the Great
Plains Province or Missouri Plateau Region. This area is characterized by a
series of isolated mountain ranges rising abruptly from the extensive plains.
Some of the mountain ranges are formed as a result of block faulting; others
by the intrusion of igneous stocks or laccolithic masses; still others are
the remmants of volcanic piles. The eastern third of Montana is devoid of
mountains and except along the west flank of the Cedar Creek anticline
(Dawson, Prairie, Fallen, and Wibaux Counties along the eastern border of
Montana), the strata are nearly flat-lying. The eastern third of Montana
•id the centrally located Great Plains Region are of less interest to the
current study since the bulk of the mining activity and the chief occurrence
of amphibole minerals are found in the westernmost third of Montana.
The center of the metallic and nonmetallic (exclusive of fossil
fuels) mineral production in Montana is in the Rocky Mountain Region and
specifically in the counties of Deer Lodge, Granite, Ravalli, Beaverhead,
Silver Bow, Madison, Jefferson, Powell, and Lewis and Clark. Important
-------
ROCK'.
MOUNTAIN
REGION
Miles
FLAT
STRATIGRAPHIC
REGION
GREAT PLAINS or
MISSOURI PLATEAU
REGION
FIGURE A-31. MAJOR GEOLOGICAL REGIONS OF MONTANA
-------
A-135
production of selected commodities also is reported from Lincoln, Mineral,
a-.'j Flathead Counties. In these counties of interest there are numerous
favorable geologic formations for the occurrence of the amphibole minerals
and related metamorphosed rocks. For example, the southern counties of
Beaverhead, Madison, and Gallatin, have extensive deposits of talc,
fibrous amphibole minerals, and chrysotile. The occurrence sites are marked
on the detail map of the Rocky Mountain Region (Figures A-32) and described
in Table A-42. Amphibole asbestos was formerly mined in Gallatin County.
However, the current intentional production of the metamorphic minerals
is confined to the talc operations of Madison County. Talc from this area
is in the highly metamorphosed rocks of the Cherry Creek Group, formed from
serpentinized doloimitic marble. Some of the talc occurrences are quite
pure,whereas others contain impurities. Of greater importance to this study
is the reported occurrence of large quantities of amphibole asbestos (tremolite)
associated with the Vermiculite production near Libby, Lincoln County. The
crude ore here which is milled at the open pit mine site, is the principal
source of vermiculite in the United States. Consequently, considerable
tonnages of ore are worked in this operation.
The occurrence of fibrous amphibole minerals in association with
the metallics being produced in the Rocky Mountain mining area is not reported.
The considerable production from the area as described in Table A-43,
combined with the occurrence of faborable geologic conditions, would appear
to make the area worthy of further specific investigation.
-------
A-136
ROCKY
MOUNTAIN
REGION
Glacier National Park
GREAT PLAINS or
MISSOURI PLATEAU
REGION
GLACIER
LINCOLN
LIBERTY
FLATHEAD
PONDERA
CHOUTEAU
SANDERS
Greato
Falls
LEWIS
CLARK V CAS"06
MINERAL
JUDITH
BASIN
MISSOULA
MEAGHER
BROADWATER
WHEATLAND
GOLDEN
VALLEY
GRANITE
SWEET
GRASS
GALLATIN
STILLWATER
BEAVERHEAD
MADISON
^Yellows
t'/// & i — A!—.-
Asbestos occurrence
Talc rock occurrence
FIGURE A-32. ASBESTOS AND TALC ROCK OCCJRRL'.CE IN WESTERN' MONTANA
-------
A-137
TABLE A-42. THE OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS AND TALC IN MONTANA
Asbestos
Lincoln County
1. Ubby (Rainy Creek), Brittle tre- 48*27' 115*25'
molite asbestos associated with
vermlculite In dikelike masses
In pyroxenlte.
GallaUn County
2. Karat Resort. Woodllke fiber an- 45*21' lll'll'
thophyllite In altered perldotite
dikes in Precambrlan schist and
gneiss.
~ Madison County
3. dltt Lake (Montbestos. Little 44*46' 111*25'
Mile Creek). Chrysotile asbes-
tos in limestone similar to
Arizona deposits.
Beaverhead County
4. Anderson deposit. 44° 42' 113° 01
Chrysotile asbestos
In Precambrian
dolomite
Talc
Dilloft-Ennu district. Deposits consist of talc cock associated
with and derived from dolomitic rocks of the Cherry Creek
Series, of Ptecarabrian age. Perry, 1948.
I. UuKhe mine. 43*13' 112*21'
2. Tretsure, Beaverhead, and Brown mines; 45*14' 112*18'
Whitney and Ruby View prospects
$. Keystone and Sweetwater mines. 45*10' 112*23'
4. Smith-Dillon mine. 45*07' 112 *J2'
J. Estelle mine. 45*07* 112*18'
&. Penu* No. 1 and Penus No. 2 prospect. 45*06' ll?*0l'
7. Yellowstone (Johnny Gulch) mine. 45*04' 111*44'
8. Helena occurrence 46° 32' 112° 02'
(Locailities are given in terms of North Latitude and West Longitude'
-------
TABLE A-43. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN MONTANA
Commodity and company
Address
Type of activity County
Commodity and company
Address
METALS
AIUIAnileoiida Aluminum Co Columbia Falls, Montana 59912.. Reduction plant
Great Falls, Montana 59401 Rolling mill
The Anaconda Company ' Anaconda, Montana 59711 Smelter
Butte. Montana 59701 Mine, concen-
trator, pre-
cipitating
plant.
Great Falls. Montana 69401 Refinery, roll-
ing mill.
ore: R & S Iron Co -. Radersburg, Montana 59641 do
Type of activity County
Flathead.
Cascade.
Deer Lodge.
Silver Bow.
Cascade.
Broadwater.
American Smelting & Refining Co. East Helena, Montana 59635 Smelter.
The Anaconda Company.
do Slag fuming
plant.
Great Falls, Montana 59401 Zinc plant..
John Hand' Dillon, Montana 69725 Mine
J. W. Keenan » Helena, Montana 59601 do
William Schneider » ...... . ....... Philipsburg, Montana 59858 ..... do
Taylor-Knapp Co. ' .............. ....do ........................ Mine and mill..
SllV
00
± Coal from Musselsnell , Ricnland, Roseland, and Powder River Counties; peat from Lake County; natural gas
a.Tvd.
£TTOTCI Fa."Ll.or\
GXa.c iex- , ~L~a.lce , Toole, Yel 1 cywstro no , Blaxne,
-------
A-139
Source References
(2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
1962, USGS Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and
H.W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(128) Geologic Map of Montana, C. ?. Ross, et al., prepared in cooperation
with Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, USGS Map MR-2235.
(129) Reported Occurrences of Selected Minerals in Montana, B. B. Bentley
and C. D. Mowatt., 1967, USGS Map MR-50.
(130) Mineral and Water Resources of Montana, Senate Document No. 98,
A. E. Weissenborn, et al., 1968, USGS in cooperation with
Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C.
(131) Directory of Mining Enterprises for 1972, Bulletin 88, D. C.
Lawson, 1973, Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology,
Butte, Montana 59701.
(132) The Mineral Industry of Montana, J. R. Welch, 1971, U.S. Bureau
of Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-140
Nebraska
There is no mining presently being conducted in Nebraska in the
metamorphic horizon. The general geology of the state is sedimentary
deposits overlapping igneous bedrock as shown in Figure A-33. Much of the
state is covered with unconsolidated sediments of the Pleistocene age.
Most of the mining being done in Nebraska is quarrying for limestone, sand,
and gravel. Some potential metallic mineral occurrence is present in the
eastern part of the state. There are no reported fibrous minerals in the
state.
The principal mining activity is listed in Table A-44.
Source References
(133) Mineral Resources Map, R. R. Burchett, Nebraska Geological
Survey Conservation and Survey Division, University of
Nebraska, Lincoln, 1973.
(134) Directory of Nebraska Quarries, Pits and Mines, R. R. Burchett,
Nebraska Geological Survey Resource Report No. 5, 1971.
(135) The Mineral Industry of Nebraska, R. R. Burchett and T. C. Briggs,
Bureau of Minerals Yearbook, 1972.
-------
Geological period of
igneous bedrock
Tertiary
Cretaceous
Permian
Pennsylvania
Metallic Mineral
FIGURE A-33. GEOLOGIC BEDROCK MAP OF NEBRASKA
-------
A-142
TABLE A-44. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN NEBRASKA
County
Company and Address
Cass
Nuckolls
Cass
Jefferson
Otoe
Lancaster
Morrill and
Scotts Bluff
Lincoln
Ash Grove Cement Company
1000 Tenmain Center
Kansas City, Missouri 64105
Ideal Cement Company
Div. Ideal Basic Industries, Inc»
420 Ideal Cement Building
Denver, Colorado 80202
Ash Grove Cement Company
1000 Tenmain Center
Kansas City, Missouri 64105
Endicott Clay Products Company
Endicott, Nebraska 68350
Western Brick & Aggregate Company
Box 1141
Nebraska City, Nebraska 68410
Yankee Hill Brick Manufacturing Co.
Route 1
Lincoln, Nebraska 68502
Great Western Sugar Company
Subsidiary of Great Western United
Corporation
Box 5308
Denver, Colorado 80217
LaRue Axtell Pumice Company
Callaway, Nebraska 68825
Commodity
Cement
Cement
Clays
Clays
Clays
Clays
Lime
Pumice
Butler, Hall, Central Sand & Gravel Company
Pierce, Madison, Box 626
Platte, and Columbus, Nebraska 68601
Jefferson
Cuming
Cuming
Douglas and
Dodge
Consolidated Sand and Gravel Corp.
712 D Street
Fairbury, Nebraska 68352
Hank Stalp Gravel Company
Box 6
West Point, Nebraska 68788
Hartford Sand & Gravel Company
Box 571
Valley, Nebraska 68064
Sand & Gravel
(commercial)
Sand & Gravel
Sand & Gravel
Sand & Gravel
-------
A-143
TABLE A-44 (continued)
County
Company and Address
Commodity
Cass, Dodge Lyman-Richey Sand & Gravel Corp.
Douglas, 4315 Cuming Street
Morrill, Platte, Omaha, Nebraska 68131
Sarpy, and
Sauriders
Sand & Gravel
Douglas
Herrick
Cass and
Saunders
Buffalo
Saunders
Cass
Gage
Thurston
Washington,
Cass, Nemaha,
Pawnee, and
Saunders
Cass
McCann Sand & Gravel Company
Valley, Nebraska 68064
Overland Sand & Gravel Company
22 Main Street
Stromberg, Nebraska 68666
Western Sand & Gravel Company
Box 268
Lincoln, Nebraska 68501
Carl W. Whitney
1402 Ninth Avenue
Kearney, Nebraska 68847
Wolf Sand and Gravel Company
Morse Bluff, Nebraska 68648
Ash Grove Cement Company
1000 Tenmain Center
Kansas City, Mirrouri 64105
Behrens Construction Company
P.O. Box 188
Beatrice, Nebraska 68310
Fort Calhoun Stone Company
1255 South Street
Blair, Nebraska 68008
Hopper Brothers Quarries
Weeping Water, Nebraska 68483
Kerford Limestone Company
Box 434
Weeping Water, Nebraska 68483
United Rock Construction, Inc.
1117 Woodman of the World Building
Omaha, Nebraska 68102
Sand & Gravel
Sand & Gravel
Sand & Gravel
Sand & Gravel
Sand & Gravel
Stone
Stone
Stone
Stone
Stone
Stone
-------
A-144
Nevada
Almost all of Nevada lies within the Basin and Range Province,
a region characterized by isolated, elongate, subparallel mountain ranges
and broad intervening valleys or basins. Most of the mountain ranges trend
north or northeast and many are rather regularly spaced about 20 miles apart.
They are 40 to 80 miles long and from 5 to 15 miles wide at their bases.
The intervening basins are filled to their flatness level with the mountain
wastes.
The Cordilleran geosyncline formed in Nevada in late Precambrian
time. Deposition started in the central part of the trough and extended
progressively eastward. The deposits tend to be clastic to the west and in
the earlier deposition strata. Later deposits tend to be carbonates and are
transitional to volcanics to the west. In late Devonian time, the Antler
Orogemy (see the map figure for location) signaled a mountain building era
in north central Nevada which culminated in the eastward movement of great
thrust plates. The great Roberts Mountains thrust developed along which
masses of siliceous and volcanic rocks rode eastward over limestones and
dolomites. While the submerged leading edge of the plate was being blanketed
by sediments, higher parts to the west were being eroded. Following the
Antler Orogeny a subdued period of sedimentation followed which in turn was
followed by the Sonoma Orogemy in north-central Nevada during Permian time.
During early and middle Mesozoic time, marine sediments and volcanics
were again deposited to be followed by still another mountain building period
characterized by great thrust faults and intricate folding. The Sierra
Nevada batholith probably came near surface at this time. Cretaceous
sediments indicate deposition above or near sea level. The Laramide Revolution
/
started before the end of the Cretaceous period and this mountain building
period again resulted in thrusting and folding of the Paleozoic strata.
The segmentation of the earth's crust into huge blocks which
characterize the present appearance of the Basin and Range Province began
with the volcanism of late Cenozoic time. Blocks of rock, bounded by normal
faults, and either raised or tilted along these faults, have been sculptured
to form the mountain ranges and sediments accumulated between ranges to form
-------
A-145
the flat-floored basins. In parts of Nevada, the process of block
faulting is still continuing. The movement is principally vertical but
lateral movement of blocks is pronounced in some localities.
The mineral deposits of Nevada are distributed in a major pattern
controlled by stratigraphic and structural relationships. Most of the
mineral deposits are related to intrusive rocks. Many deposits are alined
along belts that trend northwestward, or east-west, or northeastward as
indicated in Figure A-34. In part, ore-forming solutions probably
were directly associated with the intrusive magmas and in part they may
have risen along the same channelways that were earlier followed by magma.
Ore bodies were formed within and around the channelways and the vicinity
rock was highly altered. Sedimentary rocks adjacent to the intrusives usually
show several degrees of transformation due to the various replacement and
thermal efforts and depending on the nature of the intmded and intrusive
rocks. In some mining districts, the fibrous amphibole minerals including
tremolite and actinolite are described in the mineral suites accompanying
ore minerals. However, for the most part, these minerals are not described
in association with the ore minerals which seems peculiar since the conditions
for the genesis of the fibrous amphiboles would appear to be extremely
favorable in many mining areas.
Nevada is one of the big metallic mineral producers. Copper is
the leading value metal recovered, with gold, silver, lead, zinc, iron,
mercury, tungsten, and molybdenum following. Western Nevada contains the
major gold, silver, tungsten, antimony, mercury, and iron deposits. Eastern
Nevada contains the major lead and zinc deposits with associated gold and
silver deposits. Copper deposits and the above metallics are for the most
part concentrated in the central part of Nevada in the trend bands described
as mining districts as illustrated on the map figure. This is not to say
that production is located exclusively in such areas since almost every
county has some metallic mineral production.
A variety of norimetallic minerals also are produced in Nevada as
indicated by the county by county commodity description in table A-45. Asbestos
is not found in Nevada in deposits of economic importance. Talc has been
taken from Esmeralda County, in amounts up to 15,000 tons per year, from
the Palmetto-Oasis area as described in the map figure and in more detail
-------
Antler
Orogenic
Belt X
Palmetto-Oasis
Tale
District
Roberts Mts. Thrust Fault
S
<
Origin
Overriding
Plate
Leading
Edge
I. Mountain City
3. Lynn- Railroad
5. Lovelock-Austin
7. Fallon-Manhatten
9. Pioche Belt
Mineral Belts
2. Iron Belt
4. Cherry Creek Belt
6. Battle Mtn.-Eureka Belt
8. Ely Belt
10. Virginia City-Tonopah Belt
FIGURE A-34. MINERAL DEPOSITS IN NEVADA
-------
A-147
Table A-45.
Value of mineral production in Nevada, by county
(Thousand*)
County
1970
1971
Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value
Canon City >.
Churchill
Clark
Douglas.
Elko....
Esmeralda.
Eureka
W
$113
13,443
W
584
2.982
8,286
W
Humboldt
Lander 25.853
Lincoln 334
Lyon 56,813
Mineral.
Nye
36
2.515
Penning 16,454
Storey W
Washoe 3,193
White Pine 49.283
Undistributed' '6,457
W Pumice, stone, sand and gravel.
1102 Sand and gravel, salt, tungsten.
16,689 Sand and gravel, lime, stone, gypsum, zinc, lead,
silver, tungsten, copper.
W Iron ore, sand ana gravel.
490 Sand and gravel, barite, gold, silver, lead, stone,
tungsten, copper, zinc.
2,503 Lithium, diatomite, clays.
8,866 Gold, iron ore, sand and gravel, stone, mercury,
silver, lead, copper, zinc.
816 Sand and gravel, mercury, silver, gold, tungsten,
copper, lead, zinc.
23,722 Copper, gold, barite, silver, sand and gravel,
antimony.
482 Stone, sand and gravel, pyrites, perlite, fluorspar,
copper, silver, lead, pumice, zinc, gold.
52,407 Copper, cement, stone, petroleum, aand and gravel,
diatomite, clays.
23 Sand and gravel, stone, mercury.
2,034 Magncsite, fluorspar, sand and gravel, brucite,
pumice, mercury, clays, tungsten, stone.
6,991 Diatomite, gypsum, iron ore, perlite, copper, mer-
cury, sand and gravel, antimony, tungsten, clays.
W Diatomite, pumice.
2,911 Sand and gravel, pumice, clays, stone.
43,992 Copper, nold. lime, silver, molybdenum, sand and
gravel, stone, lead, zinc, clays.
3,741
Total' '186.345 164.774
' Revised. W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with
"Undistributed."
1 Independent city; formerly listed as Ormsby County.
»Includes gem stones, gold (1970>, lead (1970). mercury, silver (1970), tungsten, and zinc (1970) that cannot
be assigned to specific counties ana valucH indicated by symbol W.
i Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
TABLE A-46. NEVADA TALC OCCURRENCE
Palmetto-Oasis district. Deposits consist of talc rock associ-
ated with and derived from sedimentary rocks, chiefly
dolomite; in some deposits some of the talc is derived from
quartzite. The deposits arc similar to those of the Inyo
Rangc-Panamint Range district.
1. Nevada Talc and Nevada No. 1 mines 37°3l' 117°46'
2. Mac Talc, High Ridge, Shaw, White 37°29' 117°44'
Eagle Nos. 1 and 2, Emma, Laura Bell,
and Camp View mines.
3. Oasis, Roseamclia, Reed, White Eagle, 37°26' 117e45'
White Swan, and Oversight mines.
4. White Cloud No. 1, Hideout and Cow- 37°25' 117°43'
hide, Mac Boylcs Blue, White King,
Sunny Side, Paramount, Alta, Lone
Springs, Belle, and White Bird mines.
3. Tamarack and Log Spring mines
37°24'
(Location Given in Terms of North Latitude and West Longitude)
-------
A-148
in Table A-46. The high quality talc in the Oasis mine originates as
an alteration of the footwall dolomite in relation to a thrust fault. In
the granitic rock of the hanging wall, are bodies of green chloritic material
which is called "blue talc" by the miners. Tremolite, actinolite, and
anthophylite may be associated with talc deposits. While much talc was
mined from the Oasis District in the past, no production was reported in
1971. The current status of talc production from Nevada is unknown.
As mentioned previously, both metallic and nonmetallic minerals
are produced in abundance from the Nevada strata. The principal producers
of these commodities are described in Table A-47.
Source References
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and
H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(136) Preliminary Geologic Map of Esmeralda County, Nevada, J. P. Albers and
J. H. Stewart, 1965, U.S.G.S, Field Studies Map MF-298.
(137) Geology and Mineral Deposits of Mineral County, Nevada, Bulletin 58,
1970, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Reno, Nevada, 89507.
(138) Geology and Mineral Resources of Clark County, Nevada, Bulletin 62,
1965, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Reno, Nevada, 89507.
(L39) Geology and Mineral Resources of Eureka County, Nevada, Bulletin 64,
1967, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Reno, Nevada 89507.
(140) Geology and Mineral Deposits of Lyon, Douglas, and Ormsby Counties,
Nevada, Bulletin 75, 1969, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Reno,
Nevada 89507.
(1-41) Geology and Mineral Resources of Washoe and Storey Counties, Nevada,
Bulletin 70, 1970, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Reno, Nevada 89507
(142) Oxidized Zinc Districts in California and Nevada, A. V. Heyl and C. N.
Boyion, 1964, U.S.G.S. MapMR-39.
'143) Mineral and Water Resources of Nevada, V. A. Cammarota, Jr., 1971,
U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
TABLE A-47 PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN NEVADA
TABLE A-47^continued)
Commodity and company
Antimony:
DOWCO Mlnta* Co
Addreas
Type at activity County
Barlta:
Barold Division. N L Indostrlee, Inc.
Dreaeer Minerals
FMC Corp
Milchem, Inc.. MliMnd Division....
Biadte:
Bute IBB
Cement:
Nevada. Cement Co..
Battle MounUln. Ner.
89820
P.O. Box 1676
Hmutaa. Tex. 77001
P.O. Box 94
Houston. Tex. 77004
P.O. Box 3808
Modesto, Cmllf. 9636t
P.O. Box 22111
Hou»tod, Tex. 77027
. MS Banna Bide.
Cleveland. Ohio 4411*
Fernler. Ner. 89408....
Ope* pit mine*... Eureka, and
Nevada Cement Co Fernler, Ner. 89408.
Western Talc Co P.O. Box 868
Yermo, Calif. 9*398
The Anaconda Company.
Danl Corp ..... .
Kennecott Copper Corp.. Nevada
Mine* Division.
Ranchers Exploration at Develop-
ment Corp.
DiatomlU:
Katie-richer Industrie*, loe
P.O. Box 1000
Weed Heights. Ner. 89441
P.O. Box 451
Battle Mountain. Ner. 898X0
McGill. Ner. 89318
OREFCO. Inc.
United Slcrrs Division, Cyprus
Mine. Corp.
Fluonpar:
Carp Fluoride Co .
i Irving Crowell, Jr.
OoU:
Carlln Gold Mining Co..
Cortex Gold Mraee
Daral Corp........
Kennecott Copper Corp., Nevada
Minea Division.
Gypsum:
Tbe FllntkoU Co.
P.O. Box 80S
Winnemucca, Ner. 89441
P.O. Box 1869
Reno, Ner. 89506
630 Shatto Place
Loa Angclc*, Calif. 90005
P.O. Box 1201
Trenton. NJ. 08606
P.O. Box 636
Drill. Utah 84624
P.O. Box 96
Ittntty, Ner. 89001
P.O. Box 672
Klko, Nev. 89801
Cortct. Nev. 89821
P.O. Bot 461
Ratll* Mountain, Nev. 8*820
Mi-Ciill, Nev. 89318
do Elko.
do Lander.
do Da
do Do.
do Nye,
Dry-process. Lyoo.
Portland-
cement plant.
Open pit mine.... Waahoe.
— .do Clark,
EsmaraMa.
Nye,
Pennine.
....do—.—... Lyon.
—do Lander.
do White Pino.
do Penlunff.
do... .. Perilling and
Storey.
do Esmeralda.
do Churchin.
.do.
Undercround
mine.
Lincoln,
Nye.
Johna-Manrllle Produeta Corp..
United State* Gypsum Co
Iron ore:
Nevsria-Barth Corp
Standard Slat Co.
Le*d:
Bristol Silver Mine* Co.
HaiJenacn
Urn:
The FllntkoU Co..
Morrison * Weatberiy Chemical
Product*.
LMMou:
Foot* Mineral Co
P.O. Box 2678
Terminal Annex
Lo, Angeles. Calif. 90064
. 4301 Rant Firmton- Dlvd.
South Gato, Calif. 00280
. 101 South Warker Drive
Chicago. III. 60606
P.O. Box 425
Carlin, Ncv. P9R2X
I'.O. Box 4400
Rrno, Ner. S350I
. P.O. Box 276
Pioche. Nov. 89043
. Eaat Ely, Nev. 89815
P.O. Box 67367
Flint Station
Lot AncHea, Calif. 90067
P.O. Box 1105
McGUU Ner. 89918
Root* 100
Exton. Pa. 19S41
Open pit mine Eureka.
....do Lander.
do Do.
do WMU Pino.
-—do Clark.
Open pit mine Clark.
do Penhlnf.
do.. Ewekm.
do Douflaa.
Underfround
mine.
do
Rotary Ulna,
batch and
eonUnuoua
nydnton.
Rotary Ulna..
Lincoln.
WUtaPIn*.
Clark.
WUtoPlneL
DryhbMnea... BmeraMa.
Commodity and company
Uacnealte:
Baak Inc
Mercury:
Ruja Mining Co
»
Molybdenum:
Kennecott Copper Corp., Narad*
Minea Dirblon.
PwUte:
Combined Metala Reduction Co.,
Panacalite Dlrbkm.
Delamar Perlit*
United Statea Gy pram Co -
Petroleum:
North American Reaoureea Corp
Weatern Oil Landa, Ine
Pumice:
• Kaber Induatrlea Corp
Rfllte Anregate Co.
Savage Construction. Inc
Salt:
Band and gravel:
C. M. Brown Construction Co
Frehner Trucking Service, Inc
R. Helms Construction C6
Laa Vegu Building Materials, Inc..
Slmplot Silica Products .
Stock Mill & Supply Co
Wells-Cargo. Inc
Whiting Broe
W. M. K. Transit Mix. Inc . .
Silver:
Brintol Silver Minea Co
Kfnnerott Copper Corp., Nevada
Minea Division.
Stone:
MoninoD & Weatherly Chemical
Produeta.
Nevada Cement Co
U.S. Lime Diviaioo, The FllntkoU
Co.
Tungsten:
Henry C A John Crofoot. .. .
Ekte:
Hal/nnawi
Address
845 Hsnna Bldg.
Cleveland. Ohio 44115
P.O. Box 81
McDermitt, Nev. 89421
4741 E. Sunriw Drive
Tucson, Ariz. 85718
MeGill, Nev. 89318
218 Felt Bldff.
Salt Lake City. Utah 84110
Pioche, Nev. 89043
101 South Wscker Drive
Chicago, III. 60606
21 Boyd Road
PIciLiant Hill, Calif. 9462*
611 Ssn Jacinto Bldg.
Houaton. Tex. 77002
380 Llndrn St.
Reno, Nev. 89502
300 Lakosldc Drive
Oakland. Calif. 94612
P.O. Box 5CC5
Reno. Nev. 89503
P.O. Box 970
Carson City. Nev. 897*1
Hurrigan Road
Fallon, Nev. K9406
1770 North Leonard Lane
La.i Vrgu, Ncv. 69108
Lo-i \YfTai, Ncv. 89101
30UO Mill HI.
Ron". Nrv. 89.102
P.O. Box 530
Las Vepi., Nev. 89101
P.O. II. ix 7-124
Kcn.i. Ncv. 69002
P.O. Dm 308
Overtoil. Nrv. K
-------
A-150
New Hampshire
Metamorphic rocks are found to occur in every county of New
Hampshire. The Devonian and older sedimentary and volcanic rocks in this
site have been regionally metamorphosed. The grade of metamorphism differs
considerably, from the chlorite zone at one extreme to the sillimanite zone
at the other. For descriptive purposes the rocks have been assigned to five
zones: the chlorite, biotite, garnet, staurolite, and sillimanite zones.
These are, respectively, more or less the equivalents of the following
subfacies in the facies classification: chlorite-muscovite, chlorite-biotite,
chloritoid-almandite, staurolite-kyanite, and sillimanite-almandite subfacies.
The regional metamorphism thus greatly complicates the description of the
rocks. Conceivably, each formation might appear in all five of the meta-
morphic zones. For structural reasons this happens in only a few instances,
and most formations appear in only a few of the zones.
The Mississippian (?) volcanic rocks are younger than the regional
metamorphism. They have probably been involved in some contact metamorphism,
but apparently they have not undergone much change in mineralogy.
Vast quantities of plutonic rocks have been emplaced in the sedi-
mentary and volcanic rocks.
The metamorphic rocks typically appear in the form of slates,
phyllites, schists, gneisses, quartzites, marbles, and serpentines. Soap-
stone has been found specifically in Grafton, Merrimack, Hillsborough, and
Cheshire Counties. Refer to Table A-48 and Figure A-35 for geographical
locations and nature of these deposits.
The amphibole minerals, actiholite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and
occasionally crocidolite are found in widely scattered occurrences in New
Hampshire although no commercial exploitation of these asbestiform materials
:s reported. The current quarrying activities in the state are summarized
in Table A-49. There are no production activities for metallics which are found
chiefly in the western counties of Grafton, Sullivan, and Cheshire.
-------
A-151
TABLE A-48 SOAPSTONE DEPOSITS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE
Deposits consist of soapstone probably associated with ultramafic
or mafic igneous rocks.
Grafton County
1. Page quarry 44° 07' 71° 59'
2. Cottons tone Mountain quarry 43° 55' 72° 06'
3. Orfordville prospects 43° 54' 72° 04'
4. Orfordville quarry 43° 52' 72° 06'
Merrimack County
5. Unnamed quarry 43° 19' 71° 35'
6. Hodgdon quarry 43° 15' 71° 45'
Hillsborough County
7. Hodgdon quarry 43° 03' 71° 46'
8. Francestown Soapstone 43° 00' 71° 47'
Company Quarry
Cheshire County
9. Richmond quarry 42° 45' 72° 13'
Source References
(1) Metatnorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, USGS Map 1-724
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the U.S., A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington,
1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(144) Geologic Map of New Hampshire, M. P. Billings, 1955, New Hampshire Mines
and Prospects, T. R. Meyers and G. W. Stewart, 1955, in The Geology
of New Hampshire.
U45) Mineral Deposits and Occurrences in New Hampshire, Exclusive of Clay,
Sand and Grave, and Peat, N.C. Pearre and J. A. Calkins, 1957,
USGS Map MR-6.
(146) The Geology of New Hampshire, Part III, Minerals and Mines, 1956,
T. R. Meyers and G. W. Stewart, Department of Resources and Economic
Development, Concord, New Hampshire.
(147) The Geology of New Hampshire, Part II - Bedrock Geology, M. P. Billings,
Department of Resources and Economic Development, Concord, N.H.
(148) The Mineral Industry of New Hampshire, A. H. Reed, U.S. Bureau of
Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-152
0
1=
25 Miles
Metamorphic
rocks
Soapstone occurrences
Crocidoiite
Concord
\
MERRIMACK
HILLSBOROUGH
FIGURE A-35. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN NEW HAMPSHIRE
-------
A-153
TABLE A-49. CURRENT QUARRYING ACTIVITIES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE
County Commodity
Belknap Sand and gravel
Carroll- Sand and gravel
Cheshire Sand and gravel
Coos Sand and gravel
Grafton Clay, sand and gravel,
crushed stone
Hillsborough Sand and gravel,
dimension granite,
crushed quartz
Merrimack Sand and gravel,
dimension granite
Rockingham Clay, sand and gravel,
crushed stone
Strafford Clay, sand and gravel
Sullivan None
-------
A-154
New Jersey
In New Jersey, metamorphic rocks appear in eight counties as
indicated in Figure A-36. Talc rock derived from Precambrian dolomite
occurs near Phillipsburg in Warren County. Mining for zinc ore has taken
place in Sussex County from the famous Franklin-Sterling Hill deposits.
In this location gneisses of various origins and crystalline limestone,
all of Precambrian age, are cut by minor masses of granite pegmatites and
a few basic dikes. Enclosed in the limestone are the ore bodies generally
ranging from 10 to 100 feet thick. The principal ores, granular franklinite.
willemite, and zincite occur concentrated in bands in a calcite gangue or
matrix. The altered rock is famous for its abundance of mineral species
many of which are unique to the area. However, many common mineral species
also are present including several of the amphiboles in asbestiform and
chrysotile. The asbestiform minerals are not present in abundance in this
area, however, and they have not been reported from elsewhere in the metamorphic
rocks and New Jersey. The current quarrying activities in the eight-county
area of New Jersey where metamorphic rocks occur are summarized in Table A-50.
Source Reference
(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, 1972, USGS Map 1-724.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the U.S.,. A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington,
1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(149) The Minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, N.J., A. S. Wilkerson, 1962,
(includes Geologic Map of New Jersey, 1959) Bulletin 65, New Jersey
Geological Survey, Trenton, New Jersey.
(150) Geologic Map of New Jersey, J. V. Lewis and H. B. Kummel, 1912, Revised
by M. E. Johnson, 1950, Atlas Sheet No. 40, New Jersey Department of
Conservation and Economic Development.
(151) The mineral Industry of New Jersey, D. C. Winiger, 1971, U.S. Bureau
of Mines' Mineral Yearbook.
-------
Metamorphic
rocks
T) Tale occurrence
Area shown in detail map
New York
FIGURE A-36. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN NEW JERSEY
-------
A-156
TABLE A-50. QUARRYING ACTIVITY IN NEW JERSEY
County Quarrying Activity
Bergen None
Hunterdon Crushed and broken granite,
sandstone, crushed and broken
traprock (basalt)
Mercer Crushed and broken traprock
(basalt)
Morris Sand and gravel, crushed and
broken granite
Passaic Crushed and broken granite,
crushed and broken traprock
(basalt)
Somerset Clay, crushed and broken
traprock (basalt)
Sussex Crushed and broken granite,
crushed limestone
Warren Sand and gravel
-------
A-157
New Mexico
The state of New Mexico may be divided somewhat arbitrarily into
four physiographic provinces: Colorado Plateaus in the west, the southern
Rocky Mountains and the Basin and Range Province in central New Mexico, and
the Great Plains Province which comprises the eastern third of the state.
Although not shown on Figure A-37, the provinces are further subdivided
into sections on the basis of the principal land forms.
The southern Rocky Mountains Province includes only a relatively
small part of New Mexico and is generally considered as terminating at the
southern end of the Sangre de Christo Range (east range) and the Nacimiento
Mountains (west range). However, a succession of mountain ranges of not
greatly dissimilar geologic features continues southward from the Rocky
Mountain ranges, in a roughly north-south alignment, to the southern border
of New Mexico. These ranges, though separated by much wider deeply alleviated
valleys, in the aggregate form a belt 50 to 100 miles wide from east to west
that in a borad sense divides the plateau, lava, and canyon lands in the
western part of the state from the plains and areas of generally lower
topographic relief of the eastern part.
The rocks in New Mexico range in age from Precambrian to recent,
but few Precambrian formations are exposed. The Precambrian rocks reveal
that sedimentary processes were dominent in the early history of this area
although there are some volcanic deposits. During Paleozoic times, New
Mexico apparently was in low relief and there was intermittent encroachment
of the sea. Also, there was low-grade regional warping of the strata. The
uplifting during late Paleozoic time resulted in the Ancestral Rocky Mountains
which highland contributed sediments from central New Mexico to adjoining
basins. Another quiet period followed but the uplift was rejuvenated during
tertiery time.
Regional uplift accompanied by folding and local thrust faulting
^as the dominant tectonic activity in late Cretaceous and early Tertiary
time. As early as Oligocene time, tensional stress resulted in normal
faulting and widespread volcanic activity. During late Tertiary time, most
°f the mountains and basins that are part of the present landscape of New
-------
A-158
ROCKY
COLORADO PLATEAUS \ MOUNTAIN
PROVINCE —A PROVINCE
BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE
Asbestos O Talc V Ri col ite occurrences
GREAT PLAINS
PROVINCE —
FIGURE A-37. PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NEW MEXICO
AND ASBESTOS OCCURRENCE
-------
A-159
Mexico were formed. Intrusion of igneous rock from magmas formed many
of the currently well-known mountains. Magmatic differentiation of the
igneous rocks during igneous intrusion resulted in the formation of
pegmatites and other concentrations of minerals. Contact metamorphic
deposits were formed along the margins of intrusions. Faults, fissures,
and folds in the strata resulted in mineral concentration. The general
trend of the mineral concentration in New Mexico is from the north-central
part of the state southwestward to the southwest corner, chiefly within
the Basin and Range Province.
The major metallic deposits in New Mexico, copper, gold, silver,
lead, and zinc, follow this general occurrence pattern as shown for copper
and gold occurrences in Figure A-38. Fibrous amphibole minerals are
not described as being associated with metallic minerals although in many
sites, the conditions are favorable for their genesis. Minor metal production
has come from the contact metasomatic deposits.
The occurrence of asbestos desposits are extremely rare in New
Mexico. Asbestos deposits are reported from an area in Catron County as
shown on Figure A-37. Ricolite, a banded talc serpentinite, is reported
in southwestern Grant County. The Ricolite, which has been mined inter-
mittently for decorative stone, consists of alternating bands of talc and
serpentine, and has flakes of chlorite, fracture fillings of calcite, and
quartz, and cross-fiber veins of chrysotile asbestos. Locally, talc pre-
dominates over serpentine with pure talc pods of several feet in thickness
known. However, these are too small to be of commercial importance. Talc
has been mined in both Sierra and Dona Ana Counties, however. The Hembrillo
and Red Rock Mines have a talc rock derived from dolomite and phyllite at
the site marked on Figure A-37. The site is not currently productive
since it is within the boundaries of the White Sands Missile Range. Elsewhere
in New Mexico, small occurrences of talc have been reported in Taos. Rio
Arriba (talc schist), Santa Fe, Socorro, Grant, Eddy, and Lea Counties
(with sylvite and halite in potash-bearing beds of Eddy and Lea Counties).
The mineral production by county and the mineral producers of
New Mexico are given in Tables A-51 and A-52.
-------
Copper
EXPLANATION
Copper-producing districts or vines, showing relative amount ol production
plus estinttetf potential in tons
More than 1,000.000
•
50,000 - 1.000.000
A
1.000 - 90.000
X
10 - 1,000
a
Area of Central >ining district
Types of deposits
(0) Disseminated (porphyry)
(.1 Vein
(r) Hepl«c«»««t
(&) Ot«.»e»: rated in *Hed V«|
EXPLANATION
•
More than 10,000 ounces total production
X
less than 10,000 ounces total production
FIGURE A-38. OCCURRENCE OF COPPER AND GOLD
IN NEW MEXICO
i
*-"
ON
O
-------
A-161
Table A-51. Value of mineral production in New Mexico, by county
(Thousands)
County
Bernalillo
Catron
Chaves
Colfax
Curry
De Baca
Dona Ana
Eddy
Grant
Guadalupe
Harding
Hidalgo
Lea
Lincoln
Los Alamos •_
Luna
McKinley
Mora
Otero
Quay
Rio Arriba
Roosevelt
Sandoval
San Juan
San Miguel
Santa Fe
Sierra
Socorro
Taos
Torrance
Union
Valencia
Undistributed'
Total'
1970
$8.198
W
16.484
W
W
W
416
168,151
199.169
W
W
2,695
395,329
125
2
578
70,958
W
W
W
16,052
21.961
829
102.934
W
1.584
W
225
21,796
W
W
21.826
11,045
1,060.358
1971
$11,802
W
12,326
W
W
W
699
176,494
168.929
W
W
1.575
394,296
W
204
71,304
W
W
W
36 , 563
18.686
2,836
93,571
W
2,045
W
61
21.105
W
W
22,477
11,309
1,046,284
Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value
Cement, sand and gravel, stone, clay.
Sand and gravel, salt.
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel, stone.
Stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Si»nd and gravel.
Sand and gravel, pumice, clay, stone.
Potassium salts, petroleum, natural gas, natural gas
liquids, salt, stone, sand and gravel.
Copper, zinc, silver, molybdenum, lead, lime, gold.
manganiferous ore, sand and gravel, stone.
fluorspar.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Carbon dioxide, aand and gravel.
Copper, gold, silver, clay, sand and gravel, zinc.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, stone.
sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, clay, stone.
Uranium, natural gas liquids, petroleum, coal, stone,
natural gas, molybdenum, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Natural gas, petroleum, natural gas liquids, aand
and gravel, stone, pumice.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand
and gravel.
Copper, gypsum, petroleum, natural gas, sand and
gravel, silver, peat, pumice, clay, stone, zinc.
Natural gas, coal, petroleum, natural gas liquids,
sand and gravel, helium, stone, pumice, uranium.
clay.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel, copper, pumice, gold, silver, stone.
zinc.
Sand and gravel, copper, silver.
Sand and gravel, iron ore.
Molybdenum, perlite, sand and gravel, mica, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Pumice, sand and gravel.
Uranium, perlite, sand and gravel, stone.
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed."
1 Includes gem stones and vanadium which cannot be assigned to specific counties; and values indicated by
symbol W.
1 Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-162
TABLE A-52. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN NEW MEXICO
Commodity and company
Address
Type of activity
County
Carbon dioxide (natural):
Schwartz Carbonic Co.
S.E.C. Corp
Cement: Ideal Cement Co., a division
of Ideal Basic Industries, Inc.
Clays:
El Paso Brick Co
Box 9737
El Paso. Tex. 79987
....do...
420 Ideal Cement Bldg.
Denver. Colo. 80202
Box 12336
El Paso, Tex. 79912
420 Ideal Cement Bldg.
Denver. Colo. 80202
Box 1804
Albuquerque, N. Mex.
87103
Box 1107
Raton, N. Mex. 87740
The Pittsburg & Midway Coal 10 Main Center
Mining Co. Kansas City, Mo. 64105
Utah Construction & Mining Co.. Box 155
Fruitland, N. Mex. 87416
Ideal Cement Co., a division of
Ideal Basic Industries, Inc.
Kinney Brick Co., Inc
Coal:
Kaiser Steel Corp.
Well and extraction Harding.
plant.
do Do.
Dry process, 2-rotary- Bernalillo.
kiln plant.
Open pit mine Dona Ana.
do Bernalillo.
do Do.
Underground mine, Colfax.
crushing plant,
dense media-froth
flotation cleaning
plant.
Strip mine, crushing McKlnley.
plant, chemical and
water treatment
plant.
Strip mine, crushing San Juan.
plant, dust suppres-
sion detergent
treatment plant.
Copper:
Federal Resources Corp." 1370 South Third West
Salt Lake City, Utah
84115
Kennecott Copper Corp., Chino Hurley. N. Mex. 88043
Mines Division.1
Phelps Dodge Corp., Tyrone
Branrh.*
Unitpil States Smelting Refining
and Mining Co.1
Fluorspar: Southwest Fluorspar Co...
Gypsum: White Mesa Gypsum Co
Iron ore: Dotson Minerals Corp
Lime: Kennecott Copper Corp., Chino
Mines Division.
Manganiferous ore: Luck Mining Co..
Mica: Mineral Industries Commodi-
ties of America, Inc.
Molybdenum:
Kennecott Copper Corp., Chino
Mines Division.
Kerr-McGee Corp
Tyrone, N. Mex. 88065
136 East South Temple St.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
Box 1168
Demmlng, N. Mex. 88001
124 Jackson NE.
Albuquerque, N. Mex.
87108
Box 115
Socorro, N. Mex. 87801
Hurley. N. Mex. 88043...,
3 underground mines
and mill.
Open pit mine, flota-
tion mill, precipita-
tion plant, smelter,
and refinery.
Open pit mine and
mill.
Underground mine,
open pit-under-
ground mine, and
flotation mill.
Open pit mine
.do.
.do.
Molybdenum Corporation of
America, Quests Division.
Natural gas and petroleum: *
Peat: Humus Organic Products...
215 Market St.
San Francisco, Calif. 94105
Box 2408
Santa Fe. N. Mex. 87501
Hurley, N. Mex. 88043
Kerr-McGee Bldg.
Oklahoma City, Okla.
73102
280 Park Ave.
New York, N.Y. 10017
506 Rosemont NE.
Albuquerque, N. Mex.
87107
Rotary-kiln plant
Open pit mine
.do.
Dry grinding plant
See Copper
By product of uran-
ium mining.
Open pit mine and
flotation mill.
Hidalgo.
Grant.
Do.
Do.
Dona Ana.
Sandoval.
Socorro.
Grant.
Do.
Taos.
Santa Fe.
Grant.
McKinley.
Taos.
Humus bog Sandoval.
Perlite:
Grefco, Inc., Diealite Division
Johns-Manville Perlite Corp.
Potash:
AMAX Chemical Corp.
Duval Corp., Potash Division
International Minerals &
Chemical Corp.
Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp
National Potash Co.
Potash Co. of America, a division
of Ideal Basic Industries, Inc.
United States Potash it Chemical
Co.
Pumice:
General Pumice Corp
Twin Mountain Rock Co.
Volcanic Cinder Co
Salt:
New Mexico Salt Co
The Salt Supply Co., Inc.
333 North Michigan Ave.
Chicago, III. 60601
2500 Miguelito Road
Lompoc, Calif. 93436
Box 279
Carlsbad, N. Mex. 88220
Box 611
Carlsbad, N. Mex. 88220
Box 71
Carlsbad, N. Mex. 88220
Kerr-McGee Bldg.
Oklahoma City, Okla.
73102
Box 731
Carlsbad, N. Mex. 88220
Box 31
Carlsbad. N. Mex. 88220
Box 101
Carlsbad, N. Mex. 88220
Box 449
Santa Fe, N. Mex. 87501
Box 1009
Sheridan, Wyo. 82801
Box 9977
El Paso, Tex. 79990
Box 303
Carlsbad, N. Mex. 88220
Drawer SS
Carlsbad, N. Mex. 88220
Open pit mine; crush-
ing, screening, and
air-separation
plant.
do
Underground mine
and refinery.
2 underground mines
and refinery.
Underground mine
and refinery.
do
.do.
.do.
.do.
Open pit mine and
crushing and
screening plant.
do
....do
Potash tailing re-
covery and plant.
do
Taos.
Do.
Eddy.
Do.
Do.
Lea.
Eddy.
Do.
Do.
Rio Arrlba.
Union.
DoDa Ana.
Eddy.
Do.
-------
A-163
TABLE A-52.(Continued)
CommiMlity and company
Sand imil gravel (commercial):
Albuquerque Gravel Products Co.
Springer Corp - ......
Universal Constructors. Inc. . ..
Silver:
American Smelting and Refining
Co.
Thomas Consolidated Mines, Inc.
Stone:
Ideal Cement Co., a division of
Ideal Basic Industries, Inc.
Lea County Highway Depart-
ment.
New Mexico State Highway
Dept., various contractor!).
Uranium:
The Anaconda Company, New
Mexico Operations.
Kerr-McGee Corp
United Nuclear Corp
United Nuclear-Homestake
Partners.
Zinc:
American Smelting and Refining
Co.'
United States Smelting Refining
and Mining Co.*
Addresa
Box 829
Albuquerque, N. Mex. 87103
Box 1873
Roswell. N. Mcx. 8H201
Box 572
Albuquerque, N. Mex.
87103
Box ROOK, Station B
Albuquerque, N. Mex.
87107
120 Broadway
New York. N.Y. 10005
637 Peyton Bldg.
Spokane, Wash. 99201
420 Ideal Cement Bldg.
Denver, Colo. 80202
Lovington, N. Mex. 88260..
P.O. Box 1149
Santa Fe, N. Mex. 87501
Box 638
Grants, N. Mex. 87020
Box 218
Grants, N. Mex. 87020
Box 199
Grants, N. Mex. 87020
Box 98
Grants, N. Mex. 87020
120 Broadway
New York. N.Y. 10005
136 East South Temple St.
Salt Lake City, Utah
84111
Type of activity
Stationary plant.
plant.
Pit and stationary
crushing and
screening plant.
Pits and portable
plants.
See Zinc
Underground mine
.. .do
Quarries. ._ . _
Open pit mine and
acid-leach process
mill.
and acid-leach
process mill.
4 underground mines
Underground mine
6 underground mines
and alkaline-leach
process mill.
Underground mine
and mill.
S« Copper _ _ . _ _
County
Bernalillo.
Chaves,
Bernalillo.
Bernalillo,
Colfax,
Mora,
Rio Arriba.
Grant.
Catron.
Bernalillo.
Lea.
Curry, Eddy,
Guadalupe,
Lea, Lincoln,
McKinley,
Otero, Quay,
Rio Arriba,
Santa Fe.
Valencia,
Valencia.
McKinley.
Do.
Valencia.
McKinley.
Grant.
Do.
i Also gold and silver.
1 Most of the major oil and gas companies and many smaller companies operate in New Mexico and several
commercial directories contain complete lists of them.
> Also lead.
-------
A-164
Source References
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the U.S., A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington,
1962, U.S.G.S. Map MR-31.
(152) Geologic Map of New Mexico, C. H. Dane and G. 0. Bachman, 1965, U.S.G.S.
(153) Mining Districts and Mineral Deposits of New Mexico (exclusive of oil
and gas), C. A. Mardirosian, Consulting Geologist, 1971, Salt Lake City,
Utah.
(154) Reported Occurrence of Selected Minerals in New Mexico, L. B. Haigler
and H. L. Sutherland, 1965, U.S.G.S. Map MR-45.
(155) County, Township, and Range Locations of New Mexico's Mining Districts,
L. File and S. A. Northrop, 1966, Circular 84, New Mexico Institute of
Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico.
(156) Mineral and Water Resources of New Mexico, G. 0. Bachman, 1965, Senate
Document, prepared as Bulletin 87, New Mexico Institute of Mining and
Technology, Socorro, New Mexico.
(157) The Mineral Industry of New Mexico, R. V. Sondermeyer, 1971, U. S.
Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-165
New York
The metamorphic rocks of New York state are confined to the
eastern region as shown in Figure A-39. Metamorphic rock occurrences stretch
along the Hudson River to the southern tip of Lake Chatnplain, and the
Adirondack Mountain Region. The Adirondack regional metamorphism was of
irecambrian age whereas the Hudson River regional metamorphism includes
some of Precambrian age, but mostly of Paleozoic age. The Hudson River
rocks are Greenschist, Subgreenschist, and Amphibolites. There is metallic
mineralization in both rock bodies although there are no current metallic
recovery operations in the Hudson River regional rocks. Iron, Titanium,
Zinc, Lead, and Silver (Associated with zinc) are currently being produced
from the Adirondack region. There are localized occurrences of asbestiform
minerals in both rock bodies.
Chrysotile asbestos is described from four localities (Warren,
Putnam, and Richmond Counties) and talc in association with tremolite and
authophyllite from three localities (Lewis and St. Lawrence Counties) as
shown in the regional county map of New York (Figure A-40) in Table A-53.
There is no active recovery operations for the chrysotile asbestos although
there are four active mines for the talc-amphibole rocks (three in St.
Lawrence County and one in Lewis County) as shown in Figure A-40. The
four zinc mines shown on Figure A-41 are in close proximity to the talc
**
operations--all within a highly mineralized area. Dr. James F. Davis
(New York State Geologist) describes the talc-amphibole ore as follows:
"The ore is a mixture of the talc, tremolite, anthophyllite,
and serpentine. The ore in the Natural Bridge location includes
about 30 percent calcium carbonate in addition to the minerals
mentioned above. The proportion of fiberous minerals to
flaky mineral varies even within a deposit. Thus, production
from different portions of a mine may be milled in different
Company names for these operations are given in a separate tabulation.
-------
A-166
75
Metamorphic
Rocks
New York State
FIGURE A-39. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN HEW YORK
-------
A-167
Area of detail map
FRANKLIN
SAINT
LAWRENCE
XAblRONDACl!; MTC
JEFFERSON
HAMILTON
^
HERKIMER
ASHINGTON
43
ONONOAGA
MONTGOMERY
SCHENECTAO
OTSEGO JSCHOHARIE
RENSSELAER
COLUMBIA
Metamorphic Rocks
DUTCHESS
Asbestos Occurrence
Talc Occurrence
Metal lies
ROCKLAND
RICHMOND
WESTCHESTER
FIGURE A-40. DETAILED MAP OF METAMORPHIC ROCK OCCl/RPEWCE I» HEW YORK
-------
A-168
TABLE A-53. OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS AND TALC IN NEW YORK
Asbestos
Warren County
Chrysotile asbestos veins in serpentinized zones
in dolomite. General reference: Bowles, 1955.
1. Brant Lake prospect.
2. Thurman prospect.
43°45'
43*31'
73*39'
73*55'
. Putnam County
3. Cold Spring area. Chrysotile as- 41*26' 73*55'
bestos veins in serpentinized
zones in dolomite.
Richmond County
4. Staten Island. Slip- and cross- 40*35' 74*09'
fiber Chrysotile in serpentinite.
Talc
Balmat-Edwards (Gouvcrncur) district. Deposits consist of
talc rock, trcmolitc, and anthophyllitc derived from dolo-
mites of the Prccambrian Grenvillc Series. Engcl, 1949;
Gilluly, 1945; Luedke and others, 1959.
1. Talcvillc area. 44 ° 19' 75*18'
2. American,Woodcock (Loomis),Wright, 44° 16' 75*24'
and Arnold mines and nearby deposits.
3. Natural Bridge area. Tremolite, talc 44*05' 75*28'
rock, and anthophyllitc, derived from
dolomite and granitic rocks. Newland,
1921.
Saint Lawrence County
Saint Lawrence County
Lewis County (the deposit
extends into Jefferson Count;
(Localities by North Latitude and West Longitude)
-------
A-169
Internoticmol
Tg'fc Plants-
To-l
To-2
Ta-3
To-4
Z-1a
Z-1b
2-2
Gouverneur Talc Mine.
(underground)
International Talc Mine.
"Arnold Pit", (open pit).
International Talc Mine 3.
(underground)
International Talc Mine
at Natural Bridge.
St. Joseph Lead Corp.
*2 shaft at Balmot.
St. Joseph Lead Corp.
*3 shaft at Bolmat.
St. Joseph Lead Corp.
* 4 shaft at Balmat.
St Joseph Lead Corp.
at Edwards.
U.S.G.S. prospect.
Talcose ore rock
Gneisses
Use • crushed stone
Potential' dimension stone
Mefasedimentory
I I Use : lolc, lead zinc,wollostonile
' I crushed marble, garnet, silver
Potential' dimension stone
MILES
0 5
KILOMETERS
10
10
M
I
Paleozoic
State pork boundary
:FIGURE A-41. DETAILED MAP OF AREA AROUND GOUVERNEUR, NEW YORK
SHOWING TALC AND ZINC MINING ACTIVITY
-------
A-170
users. The comparatively hard tremolite and anthophyllite
make New York talc unsuitable for cosmetic purposes. Antho-
i phyllite-rich ore is used to dust molds to prevent sticking.
Smaller volumes of New York talc are used as a filler in rubber
-•'•*«
products and insecticides and to polish rice and peanuts.
Ceramic and paint uses are high in the fibrous minerals."
The gaugne minerals from the zinc mining operations are not
completely described. It is mentioned, however, that the zinc deposits
are associated with metamorphosed marbles and are in close proximity to
talcose rocks.
Elsewhere in the Adirondacks there are stone quarries (crushed
and dimension stone in both granitic and marble formations), the world's
3rtdc
largest garnet mine (Warren County) , a mine which supplies mot of the
^^^^
U.S. demand for Wollastonite (garnet byproduct), Magnetite mines in Essex
•JL»JU*JU*JU*JL
TfTCTCrtTC
and St. Lawrence Counties, and the largest ilmenite mine in the world
A •!• A * !• • V mlm
TCTCTCTPTCTf
(magnetite byproduct) in Essex County. The magnetite-ilmenite
operations are in the High Peaks-anorthosite area of the Adirondacks.
Quarrying operations for the recovery of crushed and dimension
stone, cement, sand and gravel, clays, and slate, predominate in the meta-
morphic rocks of the Hudson River area. The operations are enumerated by
county in Table A-54.
Company Names
* Gouverneur Talc Company
Gouverneur, New York 13642
International Talc Company
420 Lexington Avenue
New York, New York 10006
** St. Joseph Lead Corporation
250 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10017
*** Barton Mines Corporation
North Creek, New York 12853
**** Interpace Corporation
Willsboro, New York 12996
***** Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation
Star Lake, New York 13690
Republic Steel Corporation
1629 Republic Building
Cleveland, Ohio 44101
****** National Lead Company
100 Chevalier Avenue
South Amboy, New Jersey 08879
-------
A-171
TABLE A-54. QUARRYING ACTIVITY IN NEW YORK
County
Columbia
Dutchess
Orange
Putnam
Rensselaer
Richmond
Ulster
Washington
Westchester
Commodity
Cement, stone, sand and gravel, clays
Stone, sand and gravel
Sand and gravel, stone, peat
Sand and gravel
Stone, sand and gravel
Sand and gravel
Cement, stone, clays, sand and gravel
Stone, sand and gravel
Stone, emery, sand and gravel, peat
Source References
1. Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, Benjamin A. Morgan, 1972,
USGS Map 1-724.
2. Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
1962, USGS Map MR-17.
3. Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W.
Worthington, 1962, USGS Map 1-31.
158. Mineral Resources of New York State, John A. Graham, 1952,
New York State Science Service.
159. The Future of the Adirondacks, Vol. II, The Technical Report,
"Mineral Resources", J. F. Davis, pp 37-58, The Reports of the
Temporary Study Commission, The Adirondack Museum, 1971.
160. The Mineral Industry.of New York, R. G. Clarke, 1969, U.S. Bureau
of Mines' Mineral Yearbook.
-------
A-172
North Carolina
While the eastern half of North Carolina consists of unconsolidated
sedimentary deposits of fairly recent origin (Upper Cretaceous to Recent) the
western half of the state may be characterized as composed of much older
rocks most of which have been metamorphosed. The extent of the metamorphic
rock occurrence in North Carolina is shown in Figure A-42. Within the meta-
morphosed rocks of western North Carolina there is a southwest-northeast
trending belt of ultramafic igneous rocks that contain numerous peridotite
bodies which vary greatly in size. Most of these have been extensively
altered. The peridotite belt lies chiefly west of the Blue Ridge in the
mountainous section of the state although a few isolated bodies occur in
the Piemont section of Burke, Caldwell, Polk, Wilkes and (as far east as)
Wake Counties. The map of western North Carolina (Figure A-43) shows the
extent of the ultramafic rock areas.
Many of the intrusive rock bodies consist almost entirely of
forsterite olivine -- thus the deposits have been described in the literature
as the Forsterite-Olivine belt. However, most of these rock bodies have
been greatly altered by metamorphism and hydration to result in the widespread
occurrence of talc, soapstone, serpentine, amphiboles, chlorite, vermiculite,
and varying amounts of carbonate. The amphibole minerals, such as tremolite
and actinolite, often form bunches and radiating clusters as soapstone.
Anthophyllite asbestos is the most abundant assestiform amphibole occurring
chiefly in Jackson, Transylvania, Yancey, and Avery Counties, although also
widespread in other counties of the peridotite belt.
Based on fiber arrangement relative to the rock wall and to each
other, three types of anthophyllite asbestos ore are recognized. These types
are: cross-fiber veins, slip-fiber veins, and mass-fiber deposits. Cross-fiber
and slip-fiber asbestos are common, but the mass-fiber deposits have been the
most worked in North Carolina. The past production areas and prospects for
both the amphibole and chrysotile types of asbestos are shown in Figure A-44
which also locates the talc and soapstone operations and prospects. The
location of these deposits by latitude and longitude are given in Tables A-55
and A-56. The -principal producers of these commodities are listed in
Table A-57, which also summarizes the other rock-mineral operations in
the counties of prime interest.
-------
84
Area shown on map of Western Counties, North Carolina
Metamorphic Rocks
0 40
Miles
Paleozoic Regional Metamorphism
Precambrian and Paleozoic Regional Metamorphism
FIGURE A-42. METAMORPHIC ROCK OCCURRENCE IN NORTH CAROLINA
-------
State and County
boundaries
Cities
Ultramaf ic rock areas
MITCHELL
i/CALDWELL
I
SBURKEiiHl
o
Morgantown
MCDOWELL
BUNCOMBE
RUTHERFORD
HENDERSON
i
Brevard i / POLK
GRAHAM
[JACKSON!*!!
CHEROKEE
11MACON
LA?
TRANSYLVANIA
84
82
FIGURE A-43. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF ULTRAMAFIC ROCK BODIES IN NORTH CAROLINA
-------
WATAUGA
~ _
CALDWELL ^lALDC ANDER
MADISON
lYANCEY
Ashville ' McDowell
Morganton
BURKE
CATAWBA
HAYWOOD
LINCOLN
RUTHERFORD
HENDERSON
GRAHAM
ACKSON
A
TRANSYLVAN
CLEVELAND
HEROKEE
Chrysotile
Amphibole
<£> Soapstone
Talc
See number key in text for
rock descriptiption and
location by latitude and
longitude
84
t
i—1
--o
Ul
84
83
ei
FIGURE A-44. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION BY COUNTIES OF ASBESTOS, TALC, AND
SOAPSTONE IN WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
-------
A-176
TABLE A-55. THE OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS BY COUNTY IN WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA
Ashe County
1. Todd area. Chrysotllc asbestos 36*20' 81*35'
associated with ultramafic igneous
rocks, Bowles. 1955; Pratt and
Lewis, 1905.
Watauga County
2. Rich Mountain deposit, Chryso- 36*14' 81*44'
tile asbestos associated with ul-
tramafic igneous rocks. Pratt
and Lewis. 1905.
Wllkes County
3. North Wilkesboro area. Chryso- 36*11' 81*09'
tile asbestos associated with ul-
tramafic igneous rocks. Pratt
and Lewis. 1905.
Avery County
4. Frank area (Squirrel Creek). 36*04' 82*00'
Slip-fiber amhophyllite asbestos
In serpentinized dunite. Bowles,
1955; Hunter. 1941; Murdock,
1950; Pratt and Lewis, 1905.
Mitchell County
5. Bakersville. Seams of chrysoti'le 36*00' 82*08'
asbestos- in dunite. Bowles, 1955;
Hunter, 1941.
Yancey County
6. Green Mountain. Amhophyllite 35*59' 82*15'
asbestos. Murdock, 1950.
7. Cane River deposit. Mass-fiber 35*54' 82*24'
amhophyllite asbestos. Bowles,
1955.
8. Blucrock-New Dale mines. An- 35*53' 82*11'
thophyllite asbestos probably de-
rived from altered dunite. Bowles.
1955; Hunder. 1941; Murdock, 1950;
Norton, 1943.
Transylvania County
9. Brevard area.-Anthophyllite as- 35*16' 82*45'
bcstos. Bowles, 1955.
Jackson County
10. Sapphire ("Asbcstus mine"). 35*07' 83*00*
Chrysotilc asbestos In n large
mass of cnstatite. Pratt and
Lewis. 1905.
11. Clenville area. Chrysotilo as- 35*11' 83*09'
bcstos in peridoiicc. Prntt and
Lewis, '1905.
Macon County
12. Nantahala area. Amhophyllite 35*14' 83*38'
asbestos. Bowles, 1935. •
13. Norton dunite. Amhophyllite as- 35*00' 83*22'
bcstos associated with chlorite
In on amphibolltc. Hopkins, 1914;
Hunter, 1941.
-------
A-177
TABLE A-56.
THE OCCURRENCE OF TALC AND SOAPS TONE BY
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE IN WESTERN
NORTH CAROLINA
36*33' 81*00'
36°30' 81 "09'
36° 27' 81° 26'
V>*24' 81*28'
36*20' 81° 32'
36° 19' 81° 35'
36" 17' 81*40'
36° 12' 81*36'
Northwestern North Carolina. Deposits consist of soapstonc
jml talc rock principally derived from and associated with
ultritnafic igneous rocks, pcridotitc and serpcntinitc; some
arc derived from gabbro and other mafic igneous rocks.
Pratt and Lewis, 1905..
t. Crab Creek near Edmonds.
2. Sparta.
3. Phoenix Gap
4. Jcttcrson area.
5. Bee Ridge.
6. Black Mountain.
7. Green Knob area.
8. Rocky Mountain-Cook Gap area.
9. Oak Grove Church, near Rcddies River. 36° 15* 81 * 14'
nuiiici ai.u Cilclcrslccve, 1946.
10. Bayleaf area. Conley, 1958; Stuckey 35°58' 78°38'
and George, 1940.
11. Frank deposit. ,Hunter, 1941; Hunter 36°02' 81°59'
and Gildcrslecvc, 1946.
12. Bcllvue. 36*01' 82802r
13. Cane Creek Church. 36°0l' 82*04'
14. Micaville area. Hunter, 1941. 35*56' 82° 12'
15. Gillcspic Gap area. Hunter and 35*50' 82°0l'
Gildcrslecvc, 1946.
16. Day Book deposit. Hunter, 1941. 35*59' 82°16'
17. Caney River. 35° 56' 82° 24'
»7a.BurnsviIIe deposit. 35*55' 82*19'
18. Possumtrot Creek. 35*53* 82*25'
19. Holcombc Branch deposit, Carter 3^°50' 82° 27
mine. Hunter, 1941.
20. Dcmcxrac deposit. Hunter. 1941. 35
-------
A-178
TABLE A-57. MINING ACTIVITY IN NORTH CAROLINA, BY COUNTY
County
Alleghany
Ashe
Avery
Buncombe
Burke
Caldwell
Cherokee
Clay
G raham
Haywood
Henderson
Jackson
McDowell
Macon
Madison
Mitchell
Polk
Rutherford
Swain
Transylvania
Watanga
Wilkes
Yancey
.(a)
Commodity
Granite
Granite, sand and gravel
Mica, sand and gravel, kaolin,
iron ore, granite
Granite, sand and gravel
Granite, sand and gravel
Granite, sand and gravel
Marble, sand and gravel, talc
Granite, sand and gravel
Sand and gravel
Granite, sand and gravel
Limestone, granite, clay
Asbestos, granite, sand and gravel
Sand and gravel
Granite
Granite, Feldspar
Felspar, mica, sandstone, granite
Granite, sand and gravel
Sand and gravel, clay
Limestone
Granite, sand and gravel
Sand and gravel
Granite, sand and gravel
Asbestos, olivine, mica, sand and gravel
(b) (c)
(b)
(c)
\,a) Hitchock Corporation.
b) In 1970, 6 quarries in these 5 counties produced more than 500,000 short
tons of crushed granite.
(c) Powhatan Mining Company, Woodlawn, Baltimore, Maryland.
-------
A-179
Source References
(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, 1972, USGS Map 1-724.
(2) Asbestos in the.United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962,
USGS Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W.
Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(161) Geologic Map of North Carolina, Compiled by Division of Mineral
Resources, Department of Conservation and Development, Raleigh,
North Carolina, 1958.
(162) Explanatory Text for Geologic Map of North Carolina, J. L. Stuckey
and Stephen G. Comad, 1958, North Carolina Division of Mineral
Resources, Department of Conservation and Development Raleigh,
North Carolina.
(163) Geology and Mineral Resources of North Carolina, J. L. Stuckey and
W. G. Steel, Education Series No. 3, 1953, North Carolina Division
of Mineral Resources.
(164) Anthophyllite Asbestos in North Carolina, S. G. Conrad, W. F. Wilson,
Eldon P. Allen, and T. J. Wright, North Carolina Division of Mineral
Resources.
(165) An Introduction to the Topography, Geology and Mineral Resources of
North Carolina, S D. Broadhurst, 1952, Revised by Eldon P. Allen,
1973, Educational Series No. 2, North Carolina Division of Mineral
Resources.
(166) Mineral Industries of North Carolina from 1946 through 1953, S. D.
Broadhvirst, 1955, Economic Paper No. 66, North Carolina Division of
Mineral Resources.
(167) Mineral Industries of North Carolina from 1954 through 1959, J. L.
Stuckey and S. G. Conrad, 1961, Economic Paper No. 67, North Carolina
Division of Mineral Resources.
(168) Mineral Industries of North Carolina from 1960 through 1967, J. L.
Stuckey, 1970, Economic Paper No. 68, North Carolina Division of
Mineral Resources.
(169) Forsterite Olivine Deposits of North Carolina and Georgia, C. E. Hunter,
1941, Bulletin No. 41, North Carolina Division of Mineral Resources.
(170) The Mineral Industry of North Carolina, R. W. Merwin and S. G. Conrad,
1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook.
-------
A-180
North Dakota
Precambrian metamorphosed bedrock is found along the eastern
border of North Dakota as shown in Figure A-45. To a very large extent
the Precambrian bedrock is covered with glacial debris as is the major
area of North Dakota as illustrated in the map figure. The unglaciated
portion of the state is roughly the area to the southwest of the Missouri
River.
The mineral industry of North Dakota is largely confined to the
production of fossil fuels and the quarrying of stone, sand and gravel. Salt
production from brine wells is reported in Williams County. There are no deep
mines in North Dakota and no metallic mineral recovery operations. The
mineral production of the state is summarized in Table .A-58.
Source References
(171) Bedrock Geologic Map of North Dakota, C. G. Carlson, North Dakota
Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Map No. 10, North Dakota Geological
Survey, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202.
(172) The Mineral Industry of North Dakota, J. B, Huvos, United States
Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook.
-------
-N-
Glccial debris
Precambrk n age
metamorphosed
bedrock
Unglaciated
terrain
o 10 20 30
Miles
FIGURE A-45. GEOLOGICAL MAP OF NORTH DAKOTA
-------
A-182
Table A~58. Value of mineral production in North Dakota, by county
(Thousands)
County
Adams
Barnes
Benson .
Billings
Bottineau -.
Bowman
Burke
Burleigh
Caas
Cavalier
Dickey
Divide
Dunn
Eddy
Emmona ,
Foster
Golden Valley
Grand Forks.
Grant .
Hetttnger
Kidder
LaMoure
Logan
McHenry
Mclntosh
McKenzie
McLean
Mercer
Morton
M oun trail
Nelson .
Oliver
Pemblna .
Pierce
Ramsey
Ransom .
Renville
Rlchland
Rolette
Sargent
Sheridan
Sioux
Slope
Stark
Steele
Stutaman
Towner
Traill
Walsh
Ward
Wells
Williams
Undistributed '..
Total'
1970
J18
227
59
W
8,730
2,729
W
439
146
87
W
W
37
W
W
W
W
668
W
93
W
W
W
83
224
27
12,402
273
6,286
132
2,113
W
1,468
W
W
61
196
6,189
W
W
W
W
W
W
6,666
W
W
168
242
$307
2,761
W
18.264
26,134
96,047
1971
$61
42
66
6,477
9,337
3,494
7,021
W
W
W
43
879
49
W
27
66
220
334
33
7
W
W
W
W
W
14,136
W
6,616
348
W
W
W
W
80
W
136
6,681
871
W
W
W
6.346
W
W
W
133
»183
8.537
W
17,266
19,184
99,901
Minerals produced in 1971 in order of Value
Sand and gravel, coal.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Petroleum.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, peat.
Petroleum, coal, sand and gravel.
Do.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, clays.
Petroleum.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Coal, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Sand and gravel.
Petroleum, aand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Petroleum, sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel, coal.
Coal, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Coal, sana and gravel.
Lime, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Petroleum, aand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Sand and gravel.
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, coal, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Sand and gravel.
Petroleum, coal, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Petroleum, salt, sand and gravel, coal.
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed."
1 Includes gem stones, some aand and gravel, natural gas, and natural gas liquids that cannot be assigned to
specific counties and values indicated by symbol W.
1 Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-183
Ohio
The mineral production in Ohio consists of fossil fuels, stone,
clay, sand and gravel, principally as described in the county by county
production tabulation (Table A-59). There are no activities in rocks
where fibrous amphibole minerals might occur.
Source Reference
(173) The Mineral Industry of Ohio, J. A. Sutton, 1971, U.S. Bureau of
Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-184
Table A-59.
County
Adams
Allen
Ashland
Aah tabula
Athena
Auglaize
Belraont -;
Brown
Butler
Carroll
Champaign
Clark
Clermont
Clinton
Columbians
Coshoclon
Crawford
Cuyahoga
Darke
Defiance
Delaware
Erie
Fairfield
Fayette
Franklin
Gallia
Geauga
Greene
Guernsey
Hamilton
Hancock —
Uardin
Harrison
Henry
Highland
Hocking
Holmes — ,
Huron
Jackson
Jefferson
KDOX .
Lake
Lawrence
Licking
Logan
Lorain
Lucas
Madison
Mahoning
Marion
Medina
Meigs
Mercer
Miami
Monroe.
Montgomery
Morgan
M orrow
Muskingum
Noble
Ottawa
Paulding
Perry
Pickaway
Pike
Portage
Preble
Putnam
Richland
Ross
Sandusky
Scioto
Seneca
Shelby
Stark
Summit
Trumbull
Tuscarawos
Union
VanWert
Vinton
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Williams
Wood
Wyandot
Undistributed*
Total
Value of mineral production in Ohio, by county '
(Thousands)
1970 1971
$1.671 W
: W $1,627
W W
W 3.172
W W
W W
69.900 72.142
W W
3.281 3,467
2.960 2,215
W W
W W
- W W
W W
6.404 6,838
W 14.119
W W
W 13.381
W W
W W
W W
W W
458 495
592 W
W 10,198
W 2,068
2,469 2.933
W 21.473
365 W
4.975 W
1,134 W
W W
W 51.391
80 W
W W
W W
W 4,587
210 249
6.382 7.527
24,131 27.986
W W
W 30,104
7,724 7,051
W 1,287
W W
W W
W W
705 775
W 8.2K4
W W
W W
W 1,604
W W
W W
W W
W W
W 8,642
W 73
W 44.885
11,824 W
W W
W 12.174
W W
W W
1.207 1.103
4,416 4.127
W W
W W
W W
W W
W 25.119
2,429 1,962
W W
W W
W 14,657
, W 27,862
W W
14,239 15.393
3G9 W
W W
W W
$1,657 $2,064
W W
W 13.164
W W
2.169 2,074
W W
441,517 189.600
612,166 '652,151
Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value
Stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, clays.
Lime, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel, coal.
Stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Coal, stone.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Coal, clays, sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel, peat.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Do.
Coal, clays, sand and gravel.
Coal, stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Salt, lime, sand and gravel, clays, peat.
Sand and gravel, clays.
Sand and gravel.
Stone, lime, clays.
Lime, stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Stone.
Sand and gravel, stone, lime, clays, peat.
Coal, stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Cement, stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Coal, stone.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Stone, lime.
Stone.
Coal, stone, clays.
Sand and gravel, clays.
Stone.
Coal, clays, sand and gravel.
Coal, clays, stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Coal, clays, stone.
Coal, clays.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Salt, lime, sand and gravel, stone.
Cement, coal, clays, sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel, clays, stone.
Stone, sand and gravel, peat.
Lime, stone, sand and gravel, abrasives.
Cement, stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Stone, coal, clays, sand and gravel, peat.
Stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Sand and gravel, clays.
Sand and gravel, salt, coal.
Stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Coal, stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Coal, sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Coal, cement, stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Coal, stone.
Stone, lime, gypsum.
Cement, stone, clays.
Coal, stone, clays.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Sand and gravel, clays, peat.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Lime, stone.
Stone, clays, sand and gravel, coal.
Lime, stone, clays.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Cement, coal, sand and gravel, stone, clays,
Salt, lime, stone, cement, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Coal, clays, sand and gravel, stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Stone, clays.
Coal, stone, clays.
Sand and gravel.
Coal, sand and gravel, stone.
Salt, sand and gravel, stone, coal, clays.
Sand and gravel, peat.
Stone.
Stone, lime, sand and gravel, clays, peat.
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed."
1 Fulton County is not listed because no production was reported. Natural gas ami petroleum values are not
listed by counties as data are not available; included with "Undistributed."
> Includes natural gas, petroleum, and gem stones that cannot be assigned to specific counties and values
indicated by symbol W.
' Data may not add to total shown because of Independent rounding.
-------
A-185
Oklahoma
There are four major regions in Oklahoma where igneous rock
intrusion, metamorphism, mineralization of economic importance, or
Combinations of these events can be found. The Ozark Mountain uplift
extends into the northeastern part of Oklahoma, for example. In the
southern counties, the Wichita Mountain uplift, the Arbuckle Mountain
uplift, and the Ouachita Mountain uplift resulted in the geologic regions
bearing these names. Their locations are shown in Figure A-46* The de-
tail map (Figure A-47) shows the geographic extent and the general lithology
oi the WicliiLa 1'IounLo.iu and Arbuckle Mountain regions as well as their
relationship to other geological regions of southern Oklahoma.
There are numerous and prominent outcrops of igneous rocks in
the Wichita and Arbuckle Mountain regions. There are a few quartz-orthoclase
pegmatite bodies exposed in the Ouachita Mountain region (McCurtain County
in the southeasternmost part of the state) and no igneous rock exposures
in the Ozark uplift region. In the extreme western county of the panhandle
(Cimarron County) there is a remnant of a Tertiary age basaltic lava flow.
The igneous rocks of the Arbuckle Mountain region are believed to
be Precambrian in age and principally coarse-grained biotite-plagioclase-
tnicrocline granites. The Wichita Mountain granites and other intrusive
rocks of this province are believed to be Middle and Late Cambrian age. The
other major intrusive rock of the Wichitas is a biottie-olivine-gabbro,
actually composed of a layered rock series in part, wherein rhythmic layering
is conspicuous due to abrupt changes in proportions of feldspar and ferro-
magnesian minerals. Layers or bands of anorthosite, gabbro, olivine gabbro,
and troctolite can be observed in some outcrops. Minerals of the layered
series are plagioclase, monoclinic, pyroxene, orthorhombic pyroxene, olivine,
titaniferous magnetite, hornblende, and locally apatite.
Mineralization of the uplift provinces is extensive although the
current production of metallic and nonmetallic (exclusive of stone, clay,
sand and gravel) commodities is quite limited. For example, there is no
longer any lead and zinc production from Ottawa County (extreme northeastern
Oklahoma) which is the Oklahoma part of the famour Tri-State Lead-Zinc
Mining District in the Ozark uplift region. Similarly, there is no production
-------
A-186
-N-
Area of
detail map
Oklahoma City
Wichita and Arbuckle Mountains
Ouochito Mountain Uplift
Ozark Mountain Uplift
50
Miles
100
FIGURE A-46. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS ROCK IN OKLAHOMA
-------
Sedimentary Rocks «
Cretaceous, Gulf Coastal Plain
Pennsylvanian - Permian
Upper Cambrian-Mississippian
10 20 30 40 SO
Miles
Basement Rocks [,:^^|j Pre- Upper Cambrian granite, rhyolite, and gabbro
--- Beds that delineate major structural features
Strike and dip
Arbucki
i—1
00
FIGURE A-47. DETAILED MAP SHOWING GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SOUTH CENTRAL OKLAHOMA
-------
A-188
Table A-60.
Value of mineral production in Oklahoma, by county 1
(Thousands)
County
1!»70
1971
Mini-rain produce*! in 1971 in order of value
Alfalfa ........ ________ $(1,903 J7.033 Petroleum, natural gax, natural gas liquids, sand and
gravel.
At ok a __________ ..... . W W Stone, natural j;as, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Beaver ................ 57,440 5:),9()ii Natural KAS. jietroleum, natural gas liquids, pumice.
Beckham .............. °. \42Ji 9.4i>7 Natural gai, natural gas liquids, petroleum.
Dlaine ................ 20,745 IS, 903 Natural ga.s, petroleum, Kypsum, natural gas liquids.
Brymn _________ ....... 2,370 3,010 Petroleum, stone, natural can, sand and gravel.
Caddo ..... ______ ..... 22,116 22,131! Petroleum, natural gas, stone, gypsum, natural gas
liquids.
Canadian .............. 5,435 7,017 Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel, clays, gypsum.
Carter ________________ 74,577 81,588 Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas, stone, sand
and gravel.
Cherokee .............. W W Stone.
Choctaw _______ ....... W W Sand and gravel, stone.
Cimarron _____________ '18,039 10,994 Helium, petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids,
stone.
Cleveland ............. 16,378 15,42ft Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids.
Coal ........ ____ ...... 2,790 2,021 Petroleum, natural gas, stone, sand and gravel.
Comanche _____ ........ W 3,800 Stone, gypsum, petroleum, natural gas.
Cotton ________________ W W Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Craig ____ ...... -- ..... w W Coal, stone, natural gas, petroleum.
Creek ................. 35,550 34,731 Petroleum, natural gas liquids, Btone, natural gas, sand
and gravel, clays.
Custer __________ ...... 5,744 5,636 Natural gas, petroleum, clays, volcanic ash.
Dewey ................ 24,429 28,818 Natural gas, petroleum, natural gas liquids, clays.
Ellis .................. 9,390 9,435 Natural gas, petroleum.
Garfield ............... 32,935 30,373 Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and
gravel.
Garvin ................ 71.187 77,748 Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas, stone, sand
anil gravel.
Grady ................ 22,512 36,211 Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids.
Grant ................. 5,723 4,941 Do.
Greer ............ ----- 486 252 Stone, petroleum, clays, natural gas liquids.
Harmon ............... W W Salt.
Harper ............. ___ 23,608 23,968 Natural gas, natural gas liquids, petroleum, sand and
gravel.
Haskell ............... W 11,290 Natural gas, coal, stone.
Hughes... ____________ 6,395 15,791 Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel.
Jackson .......... ----- 3,566 4,372 Copper, sand and gravel, petroleum, gypsum, silver,
natural gas, zinc.
Jefferson ......... ----- 2,426 2,270 Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel.
Johnston __________ . ___ W W Sand and gravel, stone.
Kay .................. 15,921 15,383 Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas, sand and
gravel.
Kingfisher ............. 62,205 70.873 Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and
gravel.
Kiowa ............... . 1,910 1,709 Stone, petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Latimer ............... 24,660 W Natural gas, petroleum.
LeFtore .............. 10,591 8.058 Natural gas. coal, clays.
Lincoln _______________ 10,110 10,028 Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids.
Logan ................ 7,401 7,749 Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and
gravel.
Love ......... . ..... — 8,027 6,029 Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas.
McClain ____ ..... _____ 23,761 25,477 Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and
gravel.
McCurtaln ..... . ...... W W Stone, sand and gravel.
Mclntosh ......... ---- W W Natural gas, stone, petroleum.
Major ____ .......... .. 28,432 41,206 Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, land and
gravel, stone.
Marshall ____ ..... _____ 6,808 6,543 Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas, sand and
gravel.
Mayea __________ ..... . W W Cement, stone, clays. Hand and gravel, petroleum.
Murray ............... 6,982 6,939 'etroleum, stone, natural gas.
Muskogec ............. 1.828 1,575 'etroleum, sand and gravel, stone, coal.
Noble ................. 6,083 6,089 'etroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids.
Nowata., ....... ______ 2,238 1-.625 'etroleum, stone, natural gas liquids.
Okfuskee .............. 4,558 4,227 'etroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids.
Oklahoma ............. 20,462 20,912 'etroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas, sand and
gravel, clays, atone.
Okmulgee ___ .......... 3,831 3, HIS Petroleum, natural gas.
Osage ................. 45 , 766 43 , 58 1 Petroleum, natural gas, stone, sand and gravel.
Ottawa ............... 2.321 W Stone, tripoli.
Pawnee _______________ 5,149 5,910 Petroleum, stone, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Payne ................ 7,781 10,010 Petroleum, stone, natural gas, sand and gravel.
Pittaburg _____________ 8.UR4 8,315 Natural gas, stone, clays, sand and gravel.
Pontotoe .............. 21,198 23,29(1 Petroleum, cement, stone, sand and gravel, natural gas,
clays, natural gas liquids.
Pottawatomle .......... 9,905 8,692 Petroleum, natural gas.
Pushmataha ........... .. 1 'Sand and gravel.
Roger Mills ........... 3,089 W Natural gas, petroleum.
Rogers ................ $16,521 $14,431 Cement, coal, stone, petroleum, clays.
Seminole .............. 31,214 32,714 Petroleum, natural gas liquids, stone, natural gas,
sand and gravel, clays.
Scquoyah . . ........... W 5, 267 Lime, natural gas, Rtone, sand and gravel.
Stephens .............. 98,630 100,440 Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas. sand and
gravel.
Texas ................. 89,064 90,657 Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and
_ gravel, stone.
Tillman ............... 918 2 , 178 Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Tulsa ................. 8,620 7,562 Petroleum, stone, clays, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Wagoner -------------- 347 392 Petroleum, sand and gravel, stone, natural gas.
Washington ........... 4,149 3,769 Petroleum, stone, natural gas.
Washita ............... 630 W Natural gas, petroleum, gypsum.
Woods ................ 12,301 11,702 Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel, stone, salt.
Woodward ............ 10,837 11,931 Natural gas, natural gas liquids, petroleum, sand and
„ gravel, stone.
Undistributed' ......... 36,294 43,494
Total .......... » r 1,138, 272 1,189,616
' Revised. W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Un-
distributed."
' Adair and Delaware Counties are not listed because no production was reported.
' Includes some stone, sand and gravel, and petroleum that cannot be assigned to specific counties and values
Indicated by symbol W.
> Data does not add to total shown because ol independent rounding.
-------
A-189
TABLE A-61. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN OKLAHOMA
Commodity and company
Carbon Black: Continental Carbon Co.
Cement:
Dewey Rocky Mountain Cement
Co.1
Ideal Cement Co., Div. Ideal Basic
Industries, Inc.1
Oklahoma Cement Co. Dtv. OKC
Clays:
Filtrol Corp
Coal:
Copper and silver: KaRlc-Picher Indus-
trios Inc.
Gypsum:
Universal Alias Cement, Div. of
United Slates Steel Corp.
6au:
Blackmon Salt Co
Western Salt Co
Sand and gravel:
Joe Brown Sand it Gravel C.n
The Dolese (Jo..
Midcontinent Glass Sand Co
Mohawk Rock & Sand Co
Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corp. of
Okla.
Sand Products, Inc - -
Stone:
Snoni" R"<-V ai-l S*nd Co
Trinity Concrete Products Co
Tripoli: The Carborundum Co.,
American Tripoli Div.
Volcanic ash: Axtell Mining Corp ...
Address
P.O. Box 22085
Houston, Texas 77027
1210 Fourth Nat'l. Bank
Tulsa, Okla. 74119
420 Ideal Cement Bldg.
Denver, Colo. 80202
P.O. Box 68
Pryor, Okla. 74361
P.O. Box 425
Fort Worth, Tex. 76101
Box 627
Tulsa, Okla. 74101
3250 East Washington
Los Angeles, Calif. 90023
Box 296
Mangum. Okla. 73554
Box 87
Union City, Okla. 73090
Sapulpa, Okla. 74066
Box 1501
Ada. Okla. 74H20
Box 552
.Seminole, Okla. 74868
•115 West 10th Street
WCwoki, Okla. 74884
Route 1
Welch, Okla. 74369
Jox 126
McCurtain, Okla. 74944
Box 186
Fort Smith, Ark. 72901
Box 99
Heavencr, Okla. 74937
Kcrr-McGee Bldg.
Oklahoma City, Okla. 73102
Box C
Caiixisu, Okla. 7-1105
:<'! North Mrr.mri:«l Drive
St. Louis, Mo. 03102
P.O. llox 910
Miami, Okla. 74354
111)1) Mercantile Bank Bldg.
Dallas, Tex. 75201
•/>: v.utV. "'--i-r- Drive
Chirac", 111. OOhOb
lillll Grant St. Box '2969
rilUlmruh, 1'a. 15230.
llox X94
Oklahoma Cily. Okla. 73101
Freedom, Okla. 711X42
Krirk, Okla. 73G45
P.O. R'>* 926
Jenks, Okla. 74037
Box 102
Sulphur, Okla. 730HC,
13 Northwe*t 13th St.
Oklahoma Cily, Okla. 7- East Reno
Oklahoma Cily. Okla. 7:1117
Box 1954
Tulsa, Okla. 74101
:)23 Merchant* Bank Ltldg.
Ft. Smith, Ark. 72901
Box 1630
Tulsa. Okla. 74106
323 Merchants Bunk Bldg.
Ft. Smith, Ark. 72901
Oklahoma Cily, Okla.. 73103
. P.O. Box 910
Miami. Okla. 74354
. Box 72
Drumright, Okla. 74030
2S35 Northeast 23rd
Oklahoma City, Okla. iV.ll
Tulsa, Okla. 74115
. Box 1290
Dallas, Tex. 75221
Box 15H91 Admiral Station
Tulsa. Okla. 74115
Type of activity
Quarry and plant.
.. do . . .
do .. ..
Mine and plant. .
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
St.';' ^n'J pugor
mine.
Underground
mine.
do
Strip mine
do
do
Quarry and plant.
do
Plant and quarry.
"do
Dredge
tin
Dredge
Stationary
Stationary and
dredge.
do
Quarry
....do
. . do
do
....do
....do
....do
do
....do
do
County
Kay.
Rogers.
Pontotoc.
Maye*.
Cuater,
Oklahoma,
Tulsa.
Rogers,
Oklahoma.
Dewey.
Greer.
Canadian,
Creek.
Pontotoc.
Seminole.
Do.
Craig.
Ht-.kell.
Do.
Le Flore.
Haskell.
Rogers.
D«
Jackson.
Do.
Blaine.
Do.
Sequoyah.
W«wwi«.
Harmon.
Tulsa.
Murray.
Canadian,
MrC.lam.
KinKUMiti,
I/ogan,
,-• r, -M
Tulsa.
Pontotoc.
Tulsa.
Johnston.
Oklahoma.
. Pawnee,
Tulsa.
. Muskogee.
Tulsa.
. Cherokee.
. Caddo, C»r-
Cornanche,
Kiowa.
Murray,
Pittsburg,
Seminole.
. Ottawa.
. Creek,
Okmulgee.
. Murray.
. Osage.
Tutoa,.
. Aloka.
.. Tulaa.
.. Ottawa.
. . Beaver.
i Also crushed and broken limestone, and clays.
-------
A-190
from the southeastern counties (Atoka, Pushmataha, McCurtain, LeFlore, and
Latimer) in the Ouachita region, although there is widespread lead-zinc-
manganese mineralization in the rocks of the state boundary counties. A
limited amount of germanium is being produced in Ottawa County.
The production of commodities from the counties containing the
Arbuckle Mountain region consists chiefly of the fossil fuels, stone, sand
and gravel. There is no available report containing information on the
mineralization of the rocks being worked in this area. Similarly, there
are no descriptions of the rock minerals being worked in the counties
containing the Wichita Mountain region where the fibrous amphibole minerals
are most likely to be found. In Jackson County of the Wichita Mountain
region there is an extensive production of copper-silver-zinc bearing shale
(Permian) via a strip mining operation (Eagle-Picher Industires, Incorporated,
P.O. Box 910, Miami, Oklahoma 74354). A similar copper production from
Greer County was not reported in the latest communique. A summary of the
mineral production for all counties of Oklahoma is given in Tables A-60
and A-61.
Source References
(174) Geologic Map of Oklahoma, H. D. Miser, 1954, Oklahoma Geological
Survey, Norman, Oklahoma, 73069.
(175) Mineral Map of Oklahoma (exclusive of oil and gas fields), K. S. Johnson,
1969, Map GM-15, Oklahoma Geological Survey, Norman, Oklahoma 73069
(176) Geology and Earth Resources of Oklahoma, (an Atlas of Maps and Cross
Sections) K. S. Johnson, et. al., Educational Publication No. 1, 1972,
Oklahoma Geological Survey.
177) The structure and Igneous Rocks of the Wichita Mountains, Oklahoma
(Field Trip Guidebook), edited by G. T. Stone, 1967, The University of
Oklahoma (Norman, Oklahoma); First Annual Meeting of the South-Central
Section of G.S.A.
1-78) Sixty-fourth Annual Report, Oklahoma Department of Mines, W. Padgett,
Chief Mine Inspector, 1972, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105.
(.179) Directory of Mineral Producers in Oklahoma, J. F. Roberts, 1970, Oklahoma
Geological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73069.
(160) The Mineral Industry of Oklahoma, L. G. Southard, et. al., United States
Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook,
-------
A-191
Oregon
Oregon can be divided into twelve geomorphic regions of which
four are of interest to this study. The four units, the Coast Range, the
Cascade Range, the Klamath Mountains, and the Blue Mountains are approximately
located on Figure A-4iT. Of principal interest to this investigation are
the Klamath and Blue Mountain Regions since in these areas there are consider-
able occurrences of the amphibole minerals and the regions are the centers
of the Oregon mining activities. Mineralization and metamorphism of the rock
bodies are, of course, also present in the Coast Range and the Cascades.
Also, the Basin and Range Province lying between the Klamath-Cascade and Blue
Mountains is of some interest. The Basin and Range Province is an arid region
characterized by fault block mountains and broad graben valleys. Somewhat
localized areas of miueralization are found in this region. Elsewhere in
Oregon there are high lava plains, plateaus, and uplands, which feature
distinct geological characteristics leading to some favorable sites for
mineral production although these areas are not of prime interest in this
study.
The Klamath Mountains in southwest Oregon and the Blue Mountains
in eastern Oregon contain formations which are extensively mineralized.
Although currently there is little or no production from many of the known
deposits, the Klamath and Blue Mountain Regions are the locations for most
of the Oregon metallics. The counties of Curry, Josephine, Douglas, and
Jackson in the Klamath Mountains, and Baker, Grant, Union, and WaiIowa in
the Blue Mountains are noted for their metallic occurrences. Table A-62
gives a partial list of the metallic occurrences by counties as reported in
Bulletin No. 64 of the Oregon Survey. Only the counties having the principal
deposits are listed.
-------
UMATILLA
WALLOWA
MORROW
UNION
UUiLJ
All5gny
llNN
JEFFERSON
LINCOLN
Eugene
"NX
LANE
MALHEUR
DESCHUTES
Basin and Range
Province
DOUGLAS
A u
Roseburg
KLAMATH
JOSEPHINE
JACKSO
'Medford
Klamath
Falls
Blue Mountain Range
H I I I j (Strongly metamorphosed)
Coast Range
Cascade Range
Klamath Mountains
Asbestos occurrences
FIGURE A-48. GEOMORPHIC REGIONS OF OREGON
-------
A-193
Coincidental with the metallic occurrences are the asbestiform mineral
occurrences. These occurrences are located on the state map figure which marks
the major geological regions of interests and are located more precisely by
means of Figure A-49 and Table A-63. It is readily apparent from the
detail maps presented that the asbestiform minerals are frequently present in
the mineralized rocks that are worked for their metallic content. It should
be noted that neither of the major occurrence areas are highly populated areas.
None of the asbestos deposits are currently being worked for production of fibrous
minerals. A single mine in Josephine County is producing talc and soaps tone;
however, (Operator: J. H. Pugh, 2891 Elk Lane, Grants Pass, Oregon 97526).
Elsewhere in the county, gold, sand and gravel, and stone are being produced
in relatively small quantities. Oregon's mineral recovery operations are chiefly
limited to the production of stone, sand and gravel, with metallics in a
secondary position as indicated by the county by county mineral production
tabulation from the 1971 Minerals Yearbook } as listed in Table A-64.
Source References
(2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962,
USGS Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W.
Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(181) Geologic Map of Oregon, G. W. Walker and P. B. King. 1969, USGS Map 1-595.
(182) Geologic Map of Oregon West of the 121st Meridian, F. G. Wells and
D. L. Peck, 1961, USGS Map 1-325.
(183) Preliminary Geologic and Tectonic Maps of Oregon East of the 121st
Meridian, G. W. Walker, 1973, USGS Map MF-495, Sheets 1 and 2.
(184) Mineral and Water Resources of Oregon, P. L. Weis, et al., 1969, Bull.
No. 64 (Senate Document) issued by the Oregon Department of Geology
and Mineral Industries, Portland, Oregon, 97201.
(185) The Mineral Industry of Oregon, J. D. Gorrick, 1971, U.S. Bureau
of Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-194
TABLE A-62. METALLIC OCCURRENCES IN OREGON, BY COUNTIES
Metals Counties
Antimony Baker, Grant, Jackson, Lane, Umatilla
Chromium Baker, Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Curry,
Goos, Douglas
Cobalt and Nickel Baker, Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Curry,
Goos, Douglas
Copper, Lead, Zinc Baker, Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Jefferson,
Douglas, Lane, Marion, Linn, Wallowa
Gold and Silver Baker, Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Curry, Goos,
Douglas, Jefferson, Marion, Lime, Crook, Lane,
Wheeler
Iron Baker, Jackson, Curry, Cook
Mercury Baker, Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Crook, Douglas
Molybdenum Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Curry, Douglas,
Wallowa
Platinum Baker, Grant, Josephine, Curry, Coos
Tungsten Baker, Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Curry,
Douglas, Union, Wallowa
-------
A-195
TABLE A-63. ASBESTOS, OLIVINE, SERPENTINE, AND DIOPSIDE OCCURRENCES IN OREGON
CHiifSOriLE AJBtSTOS
C-l Forster Asbestos
C-2 Mount Vernan
C-3 Spare Time claims .
C-4 Big Butte Creek
C-S Rock Creek Butte
C-7 Bear Valley
AMPHIBOLE ASBESTOS
A-l L.EJ. Asbestos
A-2 Liberty Asbestos
A-3 Raspberry Creek ...
A-4 Pine Creek Asbestos
Location
Sec. T.
33,36 38 S.
12, 13, 14 13 S.
7,18 MS.
17,18,19,20 US.
22 13 S.
7 US.
1.2.3,11 16 S.
9 37 S.
Ju tit. tj.
15 34 S.
34,35 IIS.
R.
9 W.
30 E.
32 t
34 E.
38 E.
43 t
31 E,
6W.
4 W.
3 W.
39 E.
- County
Josephine.
Grant
do...
do. .
Baker....
Malheur..
Grant
Josephine.
.'a'Nson.
....do.. .
Baker .
Grant County
1. Oregon asbeston mine. Chryso- 44°27' 119*03'
tile asbestos veins in serpentine.
Oregon Department of Geology
and Mineral Industries, 1941.
2. Stithem. Short cross -fiber chryso- 44°36' HS^'
tile asbestos in serpentinite.
B"owles, 1955.
Baker County
2. Pine Creek prospects. Harsh 44°33' 117°55'
weak slip- and cross-fiber antho-
phvllfte a.sb^stos along shear
zones in schists and greenstones.
Moore, 1937.
4. Bald Mountain. Anthophyllite as- 44°31' 117°48'
bestos. Gilluly, 1937.
5. West Fork. Chrysotile asbestos. 44°40' 117°44'
Gilluly, 1937.
Josephine County
6. L. E. J. Slip-fiber tremohie as-
bestos in dunice.
42"22' 123*25'
Jackson County
General reference: Staples, 1942.
7. Graves Creek. 42*39' 123°12'
8. Liberty. Iron-free tremolite as- 42°38' 122*59'
bestos.
06 18 SO
FIGURE A-49. ASBESTIFORM MINERAL
OCCURRENCES IN OREGON
EXPLANATION
v Area* of ptrldotlte and serpentinlt*
'f (Boundaries approximate for scac areas)
^~. Fault along vhlch serpentlnite is found
••• \ in bodies too small to shov
i, - Chryso tile asbestos deposit D - Dun It* or ollrlne-rich
peridot!te
A - Aaphibolc asbestos deposit Py - Pyroxenit* with high
content of dlopside
-------
A-196
TABLE A-64.
VALUE OF MINERAL PRODUCTION IN
OREGON, BY COUNTY (thousands)
County
1970
1971
Minerals produced in 1971, in nrdi-r of value
Baker ' $6,211
Bcnton. 1.030
Clark ama.1 11.433
Clatsop 505
Columbia. W
Coos -- HI4
Crook 196
Curry .' 58:2
Devhuter. ' 772
Douglas --- W
Gilli.iin W
Grant 538
Haniey W
l|o,.,| ilivi-r W
Jarkson 975
JeHferson. W
Josephine --- 799
Klamatli ' 2,K5r>
Lake 23ft
Lane 8.046
Lincoln 701
Linn 1,238
Mallicur W
Marion 550
Morrow W
Muliniimuli - 7.402
I'.ilk 709
Sherman 612
Tillaimmk 409
Umatilla 598
Union 632
Wnllowa... - 613
Wjisro... 869
Waxhiiii'lon 2,276
Wheeler W
Yarnl.ill 580
Undistributed ' ' 21,002
Total' -_. '68.081
$8,249
434
12,4yf>
W
W
634
3.r,3
W
852
10,294
W
1,011
W
W
1,700
W
2,070
2.22K
656
5,288
1.03U
833
1,360
1,120
W
7,940
422
46
308
2,008
1,G7«
474
W
2,131
60
456
11,746
Ci-inent, stone, sand and gravel, pumice, claya, gold,
silver, copj>cr, tungsten.
Sand and gravel, stone, clays.
(Vment. rand :md gravel, stone-, clay*.
Stone, sand anil gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Stone, sand »nd gravel.
Pumice, stone, sand and (travel.
Nickel, Rtuiif, sand and Kfavol, nu-rcury.
Stonr, sand and gravi'l.
Stone, »an
-------
A-197
Pennsylvania
The areal extent of the metamorphic rocks in Pennsylvania is
depicted in Figure A-50 where it can be seen that these rock belts
trend southwest-northeast in the same general direction as the metaraorphic
belts in surrounding and nearby states. The metamorphic rocks are confined
to the southeastern quadrant of the state being found in Adams, Berks,
Bucks, Chester, Cumberland, Dauphin, Delaware, Franklin, Lancaster, Lebanon,
Lehigh, Montgomery, Northampton, Perry, Philadelphia, Schuylkill, and York
Counties as shown in Figure A-51. There are Greenschists, Subgreenschiests,
Amphibolites, and relict Granulite facies as well as Calc-alkalic plutons in
the metamorphosed region. Asbestiform mineral occurences have been reported
from several localities within the region but the chief belt appears to be
in the southeastern most counties of Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery.
One major occurrence of asbestos and four occurrences of talc-soapstone are
located on Figure A-51 and Table A-65. One of the talc occurrences
is the northern part of the metamorphic belt -- Northampton
County. Dr. A. A. Socolow, Director of the Pennsylvania Geological Survey,
suggests that there may be considerable asbestiform amphibolite worked in
the Cedar Hill Quarry located in Lancaster County on the Maryland border.
The D. M. Stolzfus and Son, Inc., company (of Talmage, Pennsylvania 17580)
is quarrying and crushing Serpentinite in the Cedar Hill operation for use as
concrete aggregate and road ballast.
The metallic prospects and proven occurrences of southeastern
Pennsylvania are shown on Figure A-51 to be largely within the principal
metamorphosed formations. Currently, there are only two mines operating:
the Friedensville zinc mine in southeastern Lehigh County (the New Jersey
Zinc Company, 160 Front Street, New York, New York 10038, or Friedensville,
Pennsylvania 18103) and the Grace magnetite mine near Morgantown in the
southern tip of Berks County (Morgantown Division, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
18016). There is no record of amphibole minerals at the Friedensville zinc
mine where the host rock is limy dolomite of Ordovician age. The gangne
minerals at the Grace magnetite mine near Morgantown are mainly actinolite,
chlorite, serpentine, and various other calc-silicates as well as ferromagnesian
-------
A-198
Metomorphic rocks
FIGURE A-50. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN PENNSYLVANIA
-------
k XI Metamorphic rocks
Metallics
Asbestos occurrence
Talc and soapstone
SCHUYLKILL/^LEHIGH
BUCKSxU&H
PERRY Cf
HtO vHarrisburg
LANCASTER. fCHESTER
ElSADAMS
Philacielpnia
DELAWARE
VO
Cedar Hill Quarry
FIGURE A-51. DETAIL MAP SHOWING OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA
-------
A-200
TABLE A-65. OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE IN PENNSYLVANIA
Latitude (a)
Location and Description Longitude County
1. Media area (Villa
Asbestos
.ge Green, Rockdale, 39° 53' 75° 23' Delaware
and Smedley) mines. Unknown variety
of asbestos associated with untramafic
igneous rocks.
Talc and Soapstone
Easton area. Talc rock derived from
and associated with Precambrian dolomite
similar to the Grenville Formation
Ladoo, 1923.
Gladwyne and Princess quarries.
Soapstone associated with serpen-
tinite. Pearre and Heyl, 1960
West Goshen prospect. Soapstone and
talc rock associated with serpenti-
nite. Pearre and Heyl, 1960.
Indian Soapstone prospect. Soapstone
associated with serpentinite. Pearre
and Heyl, 1960.
40° 42'
40° 03'
39° 59'
39° 56'
75° 12'
75° 16'
75° 36'
75° 43'
Northampton
Montgomery
Chester
Chester
(a) Localities by North Latitude and West Longitude.
-------
A-201
silicates. Elsewhere in the magnetite prospects or prior mining sites of
Berks, Chester, and Lebanon Counties, the asbestiform amphiboles are
commonly cited. Actinolite is the most common. Amphibole minerals are not
reported from similar prospects in York County, but frequently all of the
gangue materials are not described from the sites.
The nonmetallic mineral recovery operations in the counties
traversed by the metamorphic belt are chiefly quarrying operations for
stone, sand and gravel, and clays. The commodities produced in the various
counties of interest are given in Table A-66. There is no readily
available description of any asbestiform minerals that might be associated
with the nonmetallic mineral recovery operations.
Source References
(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, 1:2,500,000, B. A. Morgan,
Map 1-724, US Geological Survey, 1972.
(2) Asbestos in the United States,.A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
Resource Map MR-17, 1:3,168,000, U.S. Geological Survey, 1962.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and
H. W. Worthington, Resource Map MR-31, 1: 3,168,000, U.S. Geological
Survey, 1962.
(186) Geologic Map of Pennsylvania, 1:250,000, Carlyle Gray (ed.)
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, 1960.
(187) Atlans of Pennsylvania Mineral Resources, Part 3, Metal Mines and
Occurrences in Pennsylvania, A. W. Rose, Bulletin No. M50,
Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, 1970.
(188) Directory of the Mineral Industry in Pennsylvania, K. V. Hoover,
Information Circular 54, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Geologic
Survey, Second Edition, 1973.
(189) The Mineral Industry of Pennsylvania, F. D. Cooper, U.S. Bureau of
Mines' Minerals Yearbook, Preprint from 1971.
-------
A-202
TABLE A-66.
PRINCIPAL MINERALS PRODUCED IN
PENNSYLVANIA, BY COUNTIES
County
Adams
Berks
Bucks
Chester
Cumberland
Dauphin
Delaware
Franklin
Lancaster
Lebanon
Lehigh
Montgomery
Northhampton
Perry
Schuylkill
York
Commodities Produced
Stone, lime, clays
Magnetite, cement, stone, clays, sand and
gravel, pyrites
Stone, sand and gravel, clays
Stone, lime, clays
Stone, sand and gravel, clays
Stone, coal
Stone
Stone, sand and gravel
Stone, sand and gravel, clays
Stone, lime, pyrites (metallies prior to
1973)
Zinc, stone, cement
Stone, lime, cement, clays
Stone, cement, sand and gravel
Stone, sand and gravel
Stone, coal, clays
Stone, lime, cement, mica, sand and gravel,
clays
-------
A-203
Rhode Island
All of the bedrock in Rhode Island has been metamorphosed, as
indicated in Figures A-52. There are numerous plutonic rocks as well
as metamorphosed, sedimentaries. Most of the formations are of
Paleozoic age - Pennsylvanian or older - although at least some of the
plutonics are younger - possibly Cretaceous in age. Typically, there are
gneisses, schists, quartzites, gabbros, granites, and metamorphosed
conglomerates. Both fibrous and massive amphibole alteration minerals
a^-e fwund in many formations in several parts of the state. The occurrences
of the fibrous amphiboles, actnolite and tremolite (some crocidolite has
been reported also), are shown to be in each of the five counties of Rhode
Island on Figure A-53 with most occurrences in the northern part of the
state (Providence County). Chrysotile asbestos (very rare) has been
reported from both Providence and Newport Counties and talcose rock in north-
eastern Providence County (Table A-67)« Currently, there are no recovery
operations for metallics or for the talc or the asbestiform minerals.
However, these mineral forms are undoubtedly present in the stone, sand
and gravel recovery operations that constitute the mineral industry of
Rhode Island. The operators and the commodities being worked are given
in Table A-68.
-------
A-204
Metamorphic rocks
FIGURE A-52. METAMORPHIC ROCK OCCURRENCE IN RHODE ISLAND
-------
A-205
Metamorphic rocks
Asbestos occurrence
Talc occurrence
Actinolite, tremolite
occurrence
\ \ \ \
PROVIDENCE
FIGURE A-53. DETAILED MAP OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN RHODE ISLAND
-------
A-206
TABLE A-67. OCCURRENCES OF ASBESTOS AND TALC IN RHODE ISLAND
Area and Description
Latitude,
Longitude
County
Asbestos
1. Beacon Pole Hill deposit,
Crocidolite asbestos.
Bowles, 1955; Quinn and
others, 1949.
41° 58' 71° 28'
Providence
Talc
1. Litnerock area. Talc-
carbonate and talc rock
associated with serpenti-
nite. Quinn and others,
1949.
41° 56' 71° 28' Providence
TABLE A-68. MINING OPERATIONS IN RHODE ISLAND
Commodity and company
Address
Type of activity
County
Sand and gravel:
A. Cardl Construction Co.,
Inc.
Coventry Sand & Gravel Co—
Del Bonls Sand & Gravel Co...
Forte Brothers, Ine
Lapham Sand & Gravel Co
Mack Construction Co..
Peck-ham Bros. Co., Ine
Rhode Island Sand ft Gravel
Co., Inc.
J. Romanella ft Sons Ine
J. Santoro, Ine
South County Sand ft Gravel
Co., Ine.
Tasca Sand ft Gravel Co
Town Line Sand & Gravel
Ine.
Whitohead Brae. Co
Stone:
Granite, dimension:
Providence Granite Co
Limestone, crushed:
The Conklln Limestone
Co., Inc.
Other stone, crushed and
broken:
M.A. Gammino Con-
struction Co.
Peckham Brothers Co.,
Inc.
461 Arnold Road
Coventry, R.I. 02816
Reservoir Road
Coventry. R.I. 02816
950 Phenix Ave.
Cranston, R.I. 02920
14 Whlpple St.
Berkeley, R.I. 02900
R.F.D. 2, Greenville Rd.
Woonsocket, R.I. 02895
Pawtucket, R.I. 02860
Paradise Ave.
Middletown, R.I. 02840
Kilvert St.
HiHsftTove, R.I. 02886
Box 646, Westerly. R.I. 02891.
11 Herbert Street
Providence, R.I. 02909
North Rd.
Peace Dale, R.I. 02883
Box 113. R.F.D. 4
Esmond. R.I. 02917
Victory Highway
Slatersville, R.I. 02876
60 Hanover Road
Florham Park, N J. 07932
Pit Kent.
Pit Do.
Pit Providence.
Pit Do.
Pit Do.
Pit.
Pit.
Pit.
Do.
Newport.
Kent.
Pit Washington.
Pit Providence.
210 Klngsley Ave.
Providence, R.I. 02903
R.F.D. 1
Lincoln, R.I. 02866
876 Phenix Ave.
Cranston, R.I. 02920
Paradise Ave.
Newport, R.I. 02840
Pit Washington.
Pit Providence.
Pit Do.
Pit Kent.
Quarry Washington.
do Providence.
....do
do Newport.
-------
A-207
Source References
'(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, USGS Map 1-724.
(2) Asbestos in the US., A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the U.S., A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington,
1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(190) Bedrock Geologic Map of Rhode Island, A. W. Quinn, 1965, USGS
Bulletin No. 1295, Plate 1.
(191) Mineral Deposits and Occurrences in Massachusetts and Rhode Island,
Exclusive of Clay, Sand and Gravel, and Peet, N.C. Pearre, 1956,
USGS Mineral Resource Map MR-4.
(192) Minerals of Rhode Island, G. E. Miller and 0. D. Hermes, 1972,
Department of Geology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston.
(193) The Mineral Industry of Rhode Island, F. B. Fulkerson, 1972, U.S.
Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-208
South Carolina
The northern half of South Carolina is composed of metamorphic
rocks as indicated in Figures A-54 and A-55. The Carolina Slate Belt
and The Charlotte Belt of highly metamorphosed rocks extend across the
state in a northeast-southwest trend line as shown in the map of the
northern counties encompassing part or all of 16 counties. Within the
Carolina Slate Belt, Amphibolite zones have been identified in York,
Union, Chester, Newberry, Fairfield, and Richland counties, also as
depicted in the figure. The description of this formation from the
Geologic Map by Overstreet and Bell is as follows:
Amphibolite
"Dark green, gray, and black, fine to coarse-grained
amphibolite, hornblende schist, hornblende gneiss,
actinolite schist, and chlorite schist; includes some
diorite, metagabbro, biotite gneiss, and numerous basic
dikes of several ages and relations."
The mineral industry of the counties in which the amphibolite
formation occurs is confined to the extraction of clays, sand and gravel,
and granite (both crushed and dimension stone) as shown in Table A-69.
TABLE A-69. MINERAL PRODUCING ACTIVITIES IN AMPHIBOLITE
FORMATIONS IN SOUTH CAROLINA
Oounty
Fairfield
Commodity
Clays
Crushed granite
Company and Address
Richtex Corporation
P.O. Box 3307
Columbia, South Carolina 29203
Martin-Marietta Corporation
P.O. Box 2568
Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
-------
A-209
MAP OF SOUTH CAROLINA
Shaded Northern Part of South Carolina State
Consists Entirely of Metamorphic Rocks
FIGURE A-54. METAMORPHIC ROCK OCCURRENCE IN SOUTH CAROLINA
-------
A-210
Amphibolite formation in
Carolina slate belt
Asbestos occurrences
Talc and soapstone occurrences
Approximate boundaries
of the Carolina slate belt
and the Charlotte belt
A
^GREENVILLE
i CHEROKEE/
PICKENS
OCONEE
SPARJANBURG>
YORK
'CHESTER!^ < \CHESTERFIELCT
;2» UNION I \ ^if \LANCASTEtf
P(7.
LAURENS
KERSHAW
ABBEVILLE
:ENWOOD'
NEWBERRY
v7,
SALUDA
> Columbia
LEXINGTON
[DGEFIELD
fi"
AIKEN
-N-
C 10 20 30 40
Miles
FIGURE A-55. OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS, TALC, AND
SOAPSTONE IN SOUTH CAROLINA
-------
A-211
The total extent of the mining and quarrying industry in these
counties is unknown since, except for Richland County, the value of the
mineral production has not been published. The mineral production value
for Richland County was $2.629 million in 1970 and $2.843 million in
1971. The exact quarrying and mining locations are not given and neither
are the details of the operations.
Elsewhere throughout the metamorphosed zone of South Carolina
asbestiform minerals occur at several localities in the northermost
counties including Oconee, Pickens, Anderson, Greenville, Spartanburg,
Cherokee, Abbeville, and Laurens Counties. There are numerous mining and
quarrying operations in these areas as summarized in Table A-70.
The asbestiform minerals of the areas are associated with
chlorite schists, talc schists, steatite, and serpentine, all of which
represent alteration products of the peridotites, pyroxenite, and other
magnesian silicates, both foliated and undeformed. The asbestos, fre-
quently with the composition of crysotile, extends its bunches of crystal
fibers from wall to wall of the numerous small fissures (rarely exceeding
8 inches in diameter) in the compact magnesian rocks, the separation of
which in mining imposes burdensome cost. Intense metamorphism in some
instances has resolved the original magnesian rock to chlorite schist,
magnetite, and large clustered masses of true asbestos, with lustrous
long white fibers. In some cases asbestos appears to have resulted from
metasomatic action, in others from aqueo-igneous segregation. The meta-
somatic asbestos veins do not appear to extend to great depths and are
generally too localized for economical asbestos mining activities.
Oconee and Pickens Counties in the western tip of the state,
are notable for amphibole occurrences although in scattered and localized
sites. A single quarry in Pickens County is worked for a crushed granite
product by the Vulcan Materials Company (P.O. Drawer 8834, Greenville,
South Carolina 29604) and the W. F. Thomas Sand Company (Route 1, Old
Farrs Bridge Road, Greenville, South Carolina 29611) recovers sand.
The Caldwell Engineering Company (P.O. Box 159, Walhallo, South Carolina
29691) crushes stone from two mines in Oconee County. A recent South
\
-------
A-212
Carolina State Development Board publication describes numerous chlorite-
actinolite schist occurrences in Oconee County drill-hole logs and an
asbestos prospect along the Seneca River seven miles northeast of Seneca.
It is believed that other asbestos occurrences might be found elsewhere
within the hornblende gneiss injection zone and the Brevard belt where
amphibolitic gneisses occur in Oconee County. Mr. Norman K. Olson,
State Geologist, provided the following description of one of the most
recent asbestos prospects - "An asbestos prospect about 2 miles northeast
of the fish hatchery along Route 197 in Oconee County was found to be a
weathered dunite with an outcrop area of slightly less than 1/4 mile by
1/8 mile, containing an upper weathered zone of anthophyllite
[Mg, Fe)? (SiQ022) (OH)21 of at least 4 feet in depth. The entire dunite
was found to contain chromite (FeCr 0,) in unknown quantities. Olivine
[MgFe) SiO.] was found in an outcrop along the southern end of the in-
trusion's outcrop area. Anthophyllite occurs in layers up to 12 inches
wide and in massive areas as short (1/2 cm) fibers, constituting probably
as much as 90 percent of much of the rock. The other common mineral is
talc ]Mg (Si4^io) (°H^2^ and t*1*s occurs widely disseminated throughout
the body. The total amount of anthophyllite was not estimated."
The occurrences of asbestos, talc, and soapstone, as described
in the USGS Mineral Resources Maps (MR-17 and MR-31) are given in Table
A-71 and are marked in Figure A-55.
A county-by-county summary of the mineral production in South
Carolina is given in Tables A-72 and A-73.
-------
A-213
TABLE A-70. MINERAL PRODUCING ACTIVITIES IN METAMORPHOSED
ZONES OF SOUTH CAROLINA
County
Commodity
Company and Address
Cherokee
Greenville
Clay
Clay, Sericite, and
Manganese
Sand
Sericite and
Colemanite
Sand
Limestone and
Crushed stone
Sand
Bennett Brick & Tile Company
P.O. Box 29
Kings Mt., North Carolina 28086
Broad River Brick Company
P.O. Box 550
Gaffney, South Carolina 29340
L. G. Chapman Sand Pit, Inc.
Route 1
Spartanburg, South Carolina 29302
Industrial Minerals, Inc.
P.O. Box 454
York, South Carolina 29745
or
Kings Creek, South Carolina 29719
Jobe Sand Company, Inc.
No. Magnolia Street
Forest City, North Carolina 28043
Vulcan Materials Company
P.O. Box 188
Blacksburg, South Carolina 29702
E. C. Cooper Sand Company
Route 7
Easley, South Carolina 29640
Greenville
Vermiculite
Crushed stone
Sand
W. R. Grace & Company
Route 1
Enoree, South Carolina 29335
Vulcan Materials Company
P.O. Box 188
Blacksburg, South Carolina 29702
Zupan Sand Company
Route 3
Greenville, South Carolina 29609
-------
A-214
TABLE A-70 (continued)
County
Commodity
Company and Address
Laurens
Oconee
Pickens
S partanburg
Vermiculite
Vermiculite
Crushed stone
Crushed stone
Crushed stone
Sand
Crushed stone
Sand
Vermiculite
W. R. Grace & Company
Route 1
Enoree, South Carolina 29335
Patterson Vermiculite Company
Route 1
Enoree, South Carolina 29335
Lone Star Industries, Inc.
P.O. Box 5185
Columbia, South Carolina 29205
Vulcan Materials Company
P.O. Box 188
Blacksburg, South Carolina 29702
Caldwell Engineering Company
P.O. Box 159
Walhalla, South Carolina 29691
W. F. Thomas Sand Company
Route 1
Old Farrs Bridge Road
Greenville, South Carolina 29611
Vulcan Materials Company
P.O. Box 188
Blacksburg, South Carolina 29702
L. G. Chapman Sand Pit, Inc.
Route 1
Spartanburg, South Carolina 29302
W. R. Grace & Company
Route 1
Enoree, South Carolina 29335
^partanburg
Feldspar
Crushed stone
Spartan Minerals Company
Pacolet, South Carolina 29372
Vulcan Materials Company
P.O. Box 188
Blacksburg, South Carolina 29702
-------
A-215
TABLE A-70 (continued)
County
Commodity
Company and Address
Fairfield
Newberry
Richland
Crushed granite
Dimension granite
Clays
Dimension granite
Clays
Sand and Gravel
Crushed granite
York
Crushed granite
Lone Star Industries
P.O. Box 5185
Columbia, South Carolina 29205
Winnsboro Granite Co., Inc.
Rion, South Carolina 29132
Southern Brick Company
P.O. Box 208
Ninety Six, South Carolina 29666
Kershaw Granite Co., Inc.
P.O. Box 250
Elberton, Georgia 30635
Coggins Granite Industries, Inc.
P.O. Box 250
Elberton, Georgia 30635
Richtex Corporation
P.O. Box 3307
Columbia, South Carolina 29203
Caroline Ceramics, Inc.
RFD 3, Box 266
Columbia, South Carolina 29206
Duncon Kaolin Mine
3515 Devereaux Road
Columbia, South Carolina 29205
Palmetto Quarries Company
P.O. Drawer 5185
Columbia, South Carolina 29205
Lone Star Industries, Inc.
P.O. Box 5185
Columbia, South Carolina 29205
Martin-Marietta Corporation
P.O. Box 2568
Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
Lone Star Industries
P.O. Box 5185
Columbia, South Carolina 29205
Martin-Marietta Corporation
P.O. Box 2568
Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
-------
A-216
TABLE A-71. OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS, TALC, AND
SOAPSTONE IN SOUTH CAROLINA
Asbestos
Spartanburg County
1. Land rum area. Unknown variety 34*54' 81°54'
of asbestos in dikes of pyroxen-
ite altered to amphibolite.
2. Enoree area. Unknown variety of 34°39r 81*55'
asbestos in magnesian rocks.
Pickens County
3. Pickens area. Asbestos of un- 34°54' 82*43'
known variety formed by alter-
ation of magnesian rock in
aphanitic hornblende slates.
4. Woodall Mountain (Hagood prop- 34*53' 82°49'
erty). Asbestos of unknown
variety in narrow belt of partly
metamorphosed rock in aphani-
tic hornblende slate.
Oconee County
5. Ramsay place. Asbestos of un- 34*46' 82*52'
known variety in partly meta-
morphosed amphibolite.
Anderson County
6. Anderson area. Asbestos of un- 34*26' 82*45'
known variety in amphibolite.
Newberry County
7. Saluda Old Town. Asbestos of un- 34*13' 81*52'
known variety in basic igneous
rock.
Talc and Soapstone
1. Soapstonc Hill. 34*55' 83*06'
2. Fair View Church. 34*46' 82*56'
3. Central. 34-44' 82*49'
4. Cedar Springs. 34°56' 81*52'
5. Catawba River, near Nation Ford 34*58' 81"(»'
6. Catawba Junction. 34*55' 80*58'
7. Halsclville. 34° 34' 81*15'
8. Edgcficld. 33»4i' 81*55'
(Localities by North Latitude and West Longitude)
-------
A-217
Table A-72.
Value of mineral production in South Carolina, by county >
(Thousands)
County
1970
1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value
Aiken
Anderson
Berkeley
Cherokee
Chesterfield.
Colleton
Dorchester .'.
Kdgefield
Kairfield
Florence
Greenville
Greenwood .
Horry
Jasper
Kershaw
I
-------
A-218
TAP.LE A-73. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN SOUTH CAROLINA
Commodity and company Address Type o( activity County
Cement:
Giant Portland Cement Co 150 Strafford Ave. Plant Dorchester.
Wayne. Pa. 19087
Santee Portland Cement Co Box 698 .. .do Orangeburg.
Holly Hill. S.C. 29059
Claya:
Kaolin:
Cyprus Mines Corp Box 1201 Mine Alken.
Trenton, N.J. 08606
Dixie Clay Co 230 Park Ave. 2 mines Do.
New York. N.Y. 10017
J. M. Huber Corp 630 Third Ave. 4 mines Do.
New York. N.Y. 10017
National Kaolin Products Co Box 431 Mine Do.
Aiken. S.C. 29801
Southeastern Clay Co Box 1022 6 mines Do.
Aiken. S.C. 29801
Common clay and shale:
Ashe Brirk Co Van Wyck. S.C. 29744 Mine Ijincaster.
Broad River Brick Co Box 550 do Cherokee.
GafTney. S.C. 29340
Giant Portland Cement Co. . 150 SlrafTord Ave. do Dorchester
Wayne. Pa. 19087
Guignard Brick Co Box 568 3 mines .. Lexington.
Cayce. S.C. 29033
Palmetto Brick Co Box 430 Mine Marlboro.
Cheraw, S.C. 29520
Richtex Corp Box 3307 6 mines Fairfield.
Columbia. S.C. 29203 Lexington.
Richland.
Santee Portland Cement Co.. Box 698 Mine Orangeburg.
Holly Hill, S.C. 29059
Southern Brick Co Box 208 2 mines Greenwood and
Ninety Six, S.C. 29666 Newberry.
Feldspar, crude:
bpartan Minerals Co Route 1, Box 14A Plant ... Spartanburg.
Pacolet, S.C. 29372
Mica, flake and scrap:
The Mineral Mining Corp Kershaw, S.C. 29067 Mine .. Lancaster.
Peat:
United States Peat Corp Box 568 Bog .. Colleton.
Walterboro. S.C. 29488
Sand and gravel:
Becker Sand & Gravel Co Box 848 5 mines Chesterfield,
Cheraw, S.C. 29520 Dorchester.
Marlboro,
Sumter.
Columbia Silica Sand Co Box 1519 2 mines Lexington.
Columbia. S.C. 29202
Palmetto Quarries Co Drawer 5185 Mine Richland.
Columbia, S.C. 29205
Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corp Gen. Operations Dept. do Lexington.
Berkeley Springs, W. Va. 25411
Wilson Bros. Sand Co., Inc Box 945 do Do.
Greenwood, S.C. 29646
Stone:
Granite, crushed:
Martin-Marietta Corp Box 2568 4 quarries Fairfield,
Raleigh, N.C. 27602 Lexington.
Richland,
York.
Lone Star Industries, Inc Drawer 5185 3 quarries Fairfield,
Columbia, S.C. 29205 Greenwood,
Richland.
Vulcan Materials Co Drawer 8834 4 quarries Greenville,
Greenville, S.C. 29604 Laurens,
Pickens,
Spartanburg.
Granite, dimension:
Comolli Granite Co Box 898 Quarry Kershaw.
Elberton, Ga. 30635
Kershaw Granite Co., Inc.. Box 250 3 quarries Kershaw and
Klberton, Ga. 30635 Newberry.
Winnsboro Granite Co Rion, S.C. 29182 Quarry Fairfield. •
Limestone, crushed:
Martin-Marietta Corp Box 2568 do Berkeley.
Raleigh, N.C. 27602
Vulcan Materials Co Drawer 8834 do Cherokee.
Greenville, S.C. 29604
Marl, crushed:
Giant Portland Cement Co.. 150 Stratford Ave. do Dorchester.
Wayne. Pa. 19087
Santee Portland Cement Co. Box 698 do Orangeburg.
Holly Hill, S.C. 29059
Vermiculite:
Crude:
W. R. Grace & Co 62 Whittemore Ave. Several mines.. Lauren*.
Cambridge, Mass. 02140
Patterson Vermiculite Co Route 1 Mine Do.
Enoree, S.C. 29335
Exfoliated:
W. R. Grace & Co 62 Whittemore Ave. 2 plants Greenville and
Cambridge. Mass. 02140 Laurens.
Patterson Vermiculite Co Route 1 Plant Laurens.
Enoree, S.C. 29335
-------
A-219
Source References
(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, Benjamin A. Morgan, 1972,
USGS Map 1-724.
(2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
1962, USGS Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and
H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(194) Geologic Map of the Crystalline Rocks of South Carolina,
W. C. Overstreet and Henry Bell, III, 1965, USGS Map 1-413.
(195) Catalogue of the Mineral Localities of South Carolina, Earle
Sloan, 1958, South Carolina Division of Geology.
(196) Geology and Mineral Resources of Oconee County, South Carolina,
Charles J. Cayeau, 1967, Bulletin No. 34, South Carolina
Division of Geology.
(197) South Carolina Mineral Producers Directory, 1972, South
Carolina Division of Geology (Circular 2).
(198) The Mineral Industry of South Carolina, R. G. Clarke, and
A. J. Lehocky, 1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines Mineral Yearbook.
-------
A-220
South Dakota
The igneous and metamorphic rocks of South Dakota are found in both
the eastern and western parts of the state as shown in Figure A-56.
As illustrated, only a very small area of the state has the Milbank Granite
exposure (Grant County) which is of Precambrian age. This granite is noted
for its value as monument stone and is currently quarried for that purpose.
To the south in eastern South Dakota, a younger Precambrian rock, Sioux
Quartzite, is exposed in several counties. This formation was deposited on
an extremely irregular surface of older plutonic and other rocks. The
quartzite is locally interbedded with pipestone. While the Sioux Quartzite
was at one time quarried for building stone, it is very little used for this
purpose now. Quarrying in the counties where the Sioux Quartzite is exposed
is chiefly confined to the recovery of sand and gravel, with limited stone
production.
County Commodity
Hanson Stone, sand and gravel
Hutchinson Sand and gravel
McCook Sand and gravel
Minnehaha Sand and gravel, stone
Moody Sand and gravel
Turner Sand and gravel
There are no reports of amphibole minerals in association with either the Milbanfc
Granit or the Sioux Quartzite quarrying operations.
The Black Hills uplift in the western part of South Dakota is a complex
c: igneous and metamorphic rocks which include abundant amphibole minerals.
The rocks are predominantly of Precambrian age. In the northern
part of the uplift,there are extensive tertiary igneous intrusive rocks.
"igure A-57 shows the position of these intrusives and gives a generalized
description of the rock types found in the Black Hills area. The current
mining activities in the counties encompassing the Black Hills formations are
as follows:
-------
10 20 30 40
Miles
Black Hills igneous
and metamorphic
rocks
>
N3
FIGURE A-56. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK IN SOUTH DAKOTA
-------
A-222
"•. 'y°°'
—— Cheyenne jn
Crossing =
EXPLANATION
Igneous intrusive rocks
Sedimentary rocks including all o
Formation, the lower part of w
uppermost Paleozoic
Sedimen
ary rocks
|4
4
h
V
f Spearfish
hich is
u
o
H
0
U
o!
Harnc
u
'o
M
• « Schist
4)
Gr
i <•**'*
,. r « i. r
•>' ' '.Ur
y Peak Granite
and amphibolite
<£&)
anite gne
ss
Precambrian
FIGURE .A-57. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE BLACK HILLS
AREA OF SOUTH DAKOTA
-------
A-223
County Commodities
Custer Feldspar, sand and gravel, lime, stone
Lawrence Grj.fi, sand and gravel, silver, stone
Meade Sand' and gravel, gypsum
Pennington Cement, stone, sand and gravel, lime,
clays, mica (scrap), beryllium, and
feldspar
The feldspar mica, and beryllium concentrates are chiefly hand cobbled
from numerous pegmatites. Of principal interest to this study is the gold
mining operation of Lawrence County where silver is recovered in the
refining activities. This operation is being conducted by the Homestake
Mining Company (Lead, South Dakota 57754). Rocks in the Lead district are
Precambrian in age and consist of six forma Lions with a total thickness
of about 20,000 feet. The Homestake Mining Company recently has sunk new
shafts to the 7189 level to develop ore in the "Nineteen" and "Twenty-one"
Ledges of the formatione
Igneous rocks in the Lead area are of two ages: amphibolite bodies
derived from Precambrian abbroic rocks, and small stocks, plugs, and dikes
•••I Tertiary porphyries that range in composition from granite to syenite.
The Precambrian rocks are dominantly iron-magnesium schistose rocks in the
lower part of the sequence and argillaceous phyllites and schists in the
upper part. They were isoclinally folded in Precambrian time and deformed
further during the Teriary uplift and igneous intrusive activity. All of the
major ore bodies occur in the Homestake Formation, which is a sideroplesite
schist containing many bands of recrystallized chert. Where the metamorphism
reached the garnet grade of progressive metamorphism, the schist of "he
Homestake Formation is a cummingtonite schist. The ore bodies are chloritized
portions of the formation with the following suits of minerals: quartz,
pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, ankerite, cummingtonite, biotite, garnet,
albite, calcite, sericite, fluorite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite,
specularite, magnetite, gypsum, and gold. Mineralization of the deposists
being worked has been postulated as both Precambrian and Tertiary. Almost
2 million tons of ore were mined in 1971 (down a bit from previous years
bicause of the effort expended in sinking the new shafts) from which 513,400
\
ounces of gold and 107,000 ounces of silver were recovered. With approximately
-------
A-224
11 million tons of ore in reserve, mining could continue at the 1971 rate
until about 1976. Information on the disposition of the gangne rock was
not reported.
A summary of the principal mineral production of South Dakota
is given in Tables of A-74 and A-75.
Sources of References
(199) Geologic Map of South Dakota, N. H. Darton, 1951, U.S.G.S.
(200) Mineral and Water Resources of South Dakota, N. M. Denson and W. J.
Mapel et. al., 1964, Bulletin No. 16, (Senate Resource Report),
South Dakota State Geological Survey, Science Center, University of
South Dakota, Vermillion South Dakota.
(201) The Mineral Industry of South Dakota, J. M. West, 1971, U. S. Bureau
of Mines1 Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-225
Table A-74,
Value of mineral production in South Dakota, by county
(Thousands)
County
1970 1971
Minerals produced in 1971 in order o( value
Aurora
Beadle ,
Bon Homme
Brookings
Brown
Brule
Buffalo
Butte
Campbell
Charles Mix
Clark
Clay
Codington
Corson . .
Custer
Oa vison
Day ,
Deuel
Dewey
Douglas
Edmunds
Fall River
Faulk
Grant
Gregory
Hamlin
Hand
Hanson
Harding.
Hughes
Hutchinson ....
Hyde
Jerauld
Jonea
Kingsbury
Lake
Lawrence
Lincoln
Lyman .
McCook
McPherson
Marshall
Meade
Melletta
Miner .'
M innehaha
Moody
Pennington
Perkins
Potter ,
Roberts
Sanborn
Shannon
Spink
Stanley
Sully
Todd
Tripp
Turner
Union .
Walworth
Wuhabaugh
Yankton
Ziebach...
Undistributed'
W
J317
85
321
302
106
W
W
188
125
W
W
681
W
200
130
223
123
W
95
W
W
W
. ... W
W
107
385
W
W
94
W
W
29
W
108
120
21,499
237
. ... W
W
234
189
W
154
W
W
166
8,503
155
W
91
4
34
W
W
60
14
W
W
W
145
W
176
26,173
W
W
$42
779
181
W
W
W
303
140
155
W
840
VI
685
W
W
W
W
W
318
W
140
W
154
260
624
W
605
W
W
(')
48
22
W
21,558
W
W
W
W
433
363
W
7
W
157
12,313
294
W
257
4
35
W
W
W
69
138
W
134
W
W
W
65
21,982
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Clays, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Feldspar, sand and gravel, lime, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Sand and gravel, petroleum.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Uranium, sand and gravel, petroleum.
Sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Gold, sand and gravel, silver, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Sand and gravel, gypsum.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Cement, stone, sand and gravel, lime, clays, mica
(scrap), beryllium concentrate, (eldapar.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Snnd and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Total* 61,576 62,988
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed."
1 Haakon, Bennett, and Jackson Counties not listed because no production was reported.
> Less than H unit.
1 Includes sand and gravel, and stone that cannot be assigned to specific counties, gem stones, and value*
Indicated by symbol W.
4 Data may not add to totals shown because of Independent rounding.
-------
A-226
TABLE A-75.
PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS
OF SOUTH DAKOTA
Commodity and company
Address
Type of activity
County
Beryllium:
Jack Pendleton Ouster, S. Dak. 57730 Open pit Pennington.
John Carter 608 St. Cloud do Do.
Rapid City. S. Dak. 57701
L. W. Judson Hermosa, S. Dak. 67744 S« Mica Do.
Merle Chase do . Open pit Do.
Cement:
South Dakota Cement
Commission.
Drawer 361
Rapid City. S. Dak. 67701
Wet-process, 3-roUry-kiln
plant.
Do.
Open pit mine and plant. . Butte.
do Pennlngton.
Openpitmine Do.
Clays:
American Colloid Co 5100 Suffield Ct.
Skokie, 111. 60076
Light Aggregates, Inc Box 1922
Rapid City, S. Dak. 67701
South Dakota Cement Drawer 361
Commission. Rapid City. S. Dak. 57701
Feldspar:
George Bland Custer. S. Dak. 57730 2 open pit mines Custer.
International Minerals & Administration Center 4 open pit mines and dry- Do.
Chemical Corp.. Indus- Old Orchard Rd. grinding plant.
trial Mineral* Division. Skokie, 111. 60079
Gold:
Homestake Mining Co Lead, S. Dak. 57764 Underground mine, Lawrence.
cyanidation
mill, and refinery.
Gypsum:
South Dakota Cement Drawer 351 Openpitmine Meade.
Commission. Rapid City, S. Dak. 57701
Lime:
Pete Lien & Sons
Box 3124, P.O. Annex
Rapid City. S. Dak. 57703
1-rotary-kiln, 1-vertical- Pennington.
kiln, continuous-hydrator
plant.
Mica (fterap):
L. W. Judson Hermosa, S. Dak. 67744 Openpitmine.
Northwest Beryllium Corp. 218-219 American National Stockpile
Bank Bldg.
Rapid City, S. Dak. 57701
Do.
Do.
Petroleum:
The Ozark Corp.
Pennzoil United, Inc
Phillips Petroleum Co
Sand and gravel (commerical):
Aggregates, Inc
Concrete Materials Co
P. J. McLaughlln Co
Floyd Oberg & Sons
Construction Co.
Hallett Construction Co...
L. G. Everi", I"C
Box 2491
Casper, Wyo. 82601
900 Southwest Tower
Houston, Tex. 77002
Frank Phillips Bldg.
Bartlesville, Okla. 74003
Selby, S. Dak. 57472
3000 West Madison St.
Sioux Falls, S. Dak. 67104
Watertown, S. Dak. 57201.
Colton, S. Dak. 57018
Pickus Construction Co..
Tom Luke Construction...
Crooby, Minn. 86441
302 Paulton Bldg.
Sioux Falls, S. Dak. 57102
Box 1414
Aberdeen, S. Dak. 57401
Kimball. S. Dak. 57336
Crude oil wells Custer (Barker
Dome field).
do Harding (Buffalo
field).
do Do.
Pit and plant Lawrence.
Pit and 2 plants Minnehaha.
do Codlngton.
Pit Minnehaha.
Pit. Spink.
2 pits and plants Codlngton.
Pit and plant Brookfnga.
do Pennington.
do Brown.
Silver:
HomesUke Mining Co Lead, S. Dak. 67764
Stone:
Cold Spring Granite Co... Cold Spring, Minn. 66320..
Concrete Materials Co 3000 West Madison Street
Sioux Falls, S. Dak. 67104
Dakota Granite Co Box 269
Milbank, S. Dak. 67262
Delano Granite Works, Inc. Delano, Minn. 65328
Hills Materials Co Box 1392
Rapid City. S. Dak. 57701
L. Gt Everist, Inc.
Pete Lien 4 Sons..
Robert Hunter Granite
Co., Inc.
South Dakota Cement
Commission.
Spencer Quarries, Inc
Steiner-Rauaeh Granite
Co., Inc.
Uranium:
Susquehanna-Western, Inc.
Mines Development, Inc..
302 Paulton Bldg.
Sioux Falls, S. Dak. 67102
Box 3124, P.O. Annex
Rapid City, S. Dak. 67703
Milbank, S. Dak. 67252..
Drawer 351
Rapid City, S. Dak. 57701
Spencer, S. Dak. 57374
Ortonville, Minn. 56278...
Spits Brut*.
3 pits and plant Davlson.
2 pits . Douglas.
3 pita— Lyman.
See Gold Lawrence.
2 quarries Grant.
Quarry and plant Minnehaha.
2 quarries Grant.
Quarry Do.
Quarry and plant.. Pennington.
Quarry and plant.. Mtnnehaha.
do Pennington.
do Do.
Quarry Grant.
Quarry and plant Pennington.
. Quarry Hanson.
do Grant.
Edgemont, S. Dak. 57785..
do
Underground mine Fall River.
Acid-leach mill Do.
-------
A-227
Tennessee
The Unaka Mountains on the eastern border of Tennessee and the
Vailey and Ridge province immediately to the west of the Unakas contain
abundant metamorphosed formations. These metamorphosed sedimentaries are
of Cambrian and Precambrian age and originally were conglomerates, sand-
stones, shales, and occasional limestone or dolomite formations. Locally,
there are intrusive igneous rock bodies which are metadiorite and metagabbro
in the Polk County area. The intrusives are possibly Paleozoic. Considerable
mineralization is apparent in the metamorphic rock zone of eastern Tennessee
in the counties ad identified on Figures A-58and A-59. The important metal
mines in the area are located in Polk (principally copper, with zinc, silver,
and gold associated recovery - also, sulfur recovery from the smelter off gas
and from pyrite), and Hancock, Knox, and Jefferson Counties (principally zinc
with associated sulfur recovry operations). Mineralization has occurred also
to the west of the metamorphosed region. For example, an important new zinc
prospect is being developed in Smith county. Fluorite prospects also are
associated with the zinc prospects of Smith County, as well as in localized
sites to the east - into the metamorphic zone. Fibrous amphiboles are not
reported from the mineralized sitesin Tennessee. The commodities being
recovered in the numerous counties of Tennessee are summarized in Table A-76-
Source References
(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, 1972, U.S.G.S. Map
1-724.
(202) Geologic Map of Tennessee, East-Central Sheet, G. D. Swingle, et. al,
1966.
(203) Mineral Resources and Mineral Industries of Tennessee, W. D. Hardetnan
and R. A. Miller, 1959, Tennessee Department of Conservation and Commerce,
Division of Geology.
(204) Tennessee Mineral Producers Directory, S. J. Hunter, 1973, Tennessee
Division of Geology, Nashville, Tennessee 37219.
(205) The Mineral Industry of Tennessee, H. R. Babitzke et. al., U. S. Bureau
of Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-228
Metamorphic rocks
FIGURE A-58. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN TENNESSEE
-------
DAVIDSbN
/ • I
'Nashville'
Dale Hollow
. ^ ^ L q' \S
SULLIVAN .^JOHNSON
V^VV\Y
JT x y\ ous_i_i vr-ii* x
iAWKINSX^X^-^A/
\)<*\/WA3HINGTON
>c \ X \ x ^
r10^^^^
\ } S \SlHAMBLLN
\-^ / ^^ . A \ -/"v S
r /T\ \ v: \ >
imEN^LOUNTVjW
Mountains
National Park
HAM,LTON/BRA^;
k/l44j^lr
-------
A-230
Table A-76.
Value of mineral production in Tennessee, by county
(Thousands)
County
Anderson ..,..
HiMlford
Hen ton
HleHsoe..
ltlount
Bradley
Cnmpbcll
Cannon
Carter .
Claiborne .
Clay
CcK-ke
Colfee
Cumberland
Davidson .
Decatur
Do Kalb
Dickson
Fayctto ...
Kentress . .
Franklin
Gibson •
Giles ,. :
Grainger. _ . : . .
Greene
G rundy . ,
Hamblen ,
Hamilton .
Hancock.. .,
Hardeman..
Hardin
Hawkins
Haywood
Henderson
Henry
Hickman
Humphreys
Jefferson ..
Knox ... .
Lauderdale
Loudon _ -
McMinn. .
McNairy
Macon....... ...... , .
Marion ,
Marshall
Maury
Monroe . ....
Montgomery .
Morgan
Obion ,_
O verton
Perry
Pickett..r
Polk
Putnam
Rhea
Robertson ,
Rutherford
Scott
Sequatchie
Sfivier ... .
Shelby
Smith
Stewart..
Sullivan
Tipton ...
Unicoi
Van Buren ... ..
Washington...... .
Wayne ,
Woaklcy
White , ,
Williamson
Wilson
Undistributed
Total'
1970
W
W
W
W
W
$1.697
H.9H1
W
W
W
W
W
...• W
1,716
9.5KO
W
136
461
65
418
4.720
W
1.619
146
W
W
W
18,745
W
W
W
W
-
W
3,664
W
W
25.040
W
23.966
W
W
, 421
726
W
W
W
W
6.679
W
W
W
W
2.312
W
78
W
24
W
1,720
W
W
W
,.... 1.097
3,473
W
606
810
W
W
W
W
W
.-. W
135
• 1,868
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
J104.793
220,465
1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value
W Coal, stone.
$420 Stone.
W Sand and gruvcl, atone.
216 Coal.
W Stone.
W Do.
15,437 Coal, stone. Rand and gravel.
W Stone.
W Do.
12,826 Coal, stone, petroleum.
W Stone, petroleum.
W Stone.
1 ,942 Stone, sand and gravel, coal.
11 , 195 Cement, Htone, clay.
W Stone, sand and travel.
224 Stone.
W Do.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
1 ,032 Coal, stone, petroleum.
4 ,466 Cement, stone, sand and gravel, clay.
W Sand and ({ravel.
1 ,224 Phosphate rock, stone, sand and gravel.
143 Stone.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
W CoM, sand and gravel, stone.
W Stone.
16,087 Cement, stone, sand and gravel, coal, clay.
W Zinc, stone.
W Sana and gravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Stone.
7 Sand and gravel.
W Do.
W Clay.
W Phosphate rock.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
26,911 Zinc, stone.
W Stone.
20,132 Cement, zinc, stone, lime, sand and gravel.
clay.
74 Sand and gravel.
W Stone.
408 Burlte, clay, stone, sand and gravel.
444 Sand and gravel, stone, barite.
W Sand and gravel.
W Stone.
W Coal, cement, stone.
W Stone.
W Phosphate rock, stone.
W Stone.
W Stone, barite, sand and gravel.
W Stone.
W Do.
2,820 Coal, petroleum, natural gas.
W Sand and gravel.
W Stone, petroleum.
W Sand and gravel.
71 Stone, petroleum.
23 ,782 Copper, pyrites, zinc, silver, sand and gravel,
gold.
2,097 Stone, coal, sand and gravel.
W Stone, clay.
W Stone, coal.
W Stone, petroleum.
940 Stone.
4 ,610 Coal, petroleum, natural gas.
W Coal, stone.
W Stone, sand and gravel.
2 , 178 Sand and gravel.
81 Stone.
W Do.
W Cement, stone, clay.
W Stone.
W Sand und gravel.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
1,140 Stone.
1.095 Coal.
W Stone, natural gas.
W Stone, sand and gravel, clay.
W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Clay.
W Stone, coal.
W Stone, phosphate rock.
W Stone.
$87.723
•239,662
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed."
1 The following counties arc not listed because no production was reported: Carroll, Chea-tham, Chester,
Crockett, Dyer, Houston, Jackson, Lake, Lawrence, Lewis, Madison, and Trousdale.
* Includes values indicated by symbol W.
' Data does not add to total shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-231
Texas
There are two areas in Texas wherein igneous and tnetamorphic rocks
may be found: west Texas and central Texas as shown in Figure A-60.
Precambrian igneous rocks and metamorphosed rock of several ages are locally
exposed. There is considerable mineral wealth in both the West Texas and
the Central Mining Districts, although exploitation of the wealth is at a
moderately slow pace. The commodities being produced in the two districts
are eiven in Table A-77. Talc is the principal value mineral in Hudspeth
County of the West Texas Mining District.
Talc, soapstaone, and asbestos are found in both the West and Central
Texas Mining DisLiricL.;;. The principal localities for the occurrences are
marked on the map figure and are described in Table A-78.
TABLE A-77. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCTION IN
ASBESTIFORM AREAS OF TEXAS
County
Culberson
Hudspeth
Jeff Davis
Presidio
Brewster
West Texas Mining District
Commodities
Blanco
Burnet
Gillespie
Lampasas
Llano
Mason
Sam Sabamn
Fossil fuels, sulfur, stone, talc
Talc, gypsum, stone, fossil fuels
None produced
Mercury (inactive mine)/gold
Clays, fluorspar, mercury (inactive mine)
Central Mining District
Sand and gravel
Stone, graphite, sand and gravel
Gypsum, soaps tone, stone, sand and
gravel
Sand and gravel
Stone, sand and gravel
Sand and gravel
Stone
-------
A-232
West Texas
Mining
District 3.
Central Mining District
Igneous and metamorphic rock
<0> Asbestos occurrences
O Talc and soapstone occurrences
FIGURE A-60. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK IN TEXAS
-------
A-233
TABLE A-78. ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE OCCURRENCES IN TEXAS
Asbestos
Llano County
1. Rode. Long brittle fibers of trem- 30°30' 98°56'
olite asbestos in vein in shear zone
between hornblendite and mica-
quartz schist.
2. Crab Apple Creek. Small de- 30'30' 98e46'
posit of tremolite (?) asbestos.
3. Oxford. Small deposit of amphi- 30°37' 98°42'
bole asbestos.
Blanco County
4. Coal Creek. Several small de- 30e29' 98*33'
posits of tremolite asbestos in
serpentine.
Talc and Soapstone
Allamofc district. Deposits consist of talc rock in intcr-
bcddcd phyllitcs, volcanic rocks, and carbonate rocks of
Prccambrian age. The deposits were probably derived
from dolomitic beds or magnesium-rich volcanic rocks.
Flawn, 1958; King and Flawn, 1953.
1. Southwestern No. 4 and Rossman mines. 31 °09' 105 " 10'
2. Glen Ray prospect. 31°10' 103 °07'
3. Milwhite mine and Escondido prospects. 31C09' 103 °05'
4. Section 18 prospect. 31°08' 105 °0l'
5. Lone Star, Texas Talc, and Southern 31°07' 105 °00'
Clay mines.
6. Buck Spring prospect. 31°06' 104c57f
Llano district. Deposits consist of soapstone associated
with scrpcntinitc derived from ultramafic igneous rocks,
but many small bodies are isolated in schist or gneiss near
scrpentinite bodies. Barnes, 1952; Barnes and others, 1950;
Dietrich and Lonsdalc, 1958.
7. Bratton Ranch area. 30° 56' 99°20f
8. Esbon School and Rough Mountain 30°50' 98°54'
areas.
9. Llano area. 30° 46' 98 "42*
10. Graphite area 30°45' 98°32'
11. Oxford area. 30°3
-------
A-234
The Allamore District, chiefly in Hudspeth County, but extending eastward
into Culberson County (west Texas) is worked for the recovery of talc rock
by several companies as described below.
Texas Talc Company, Allamoore, Texas 79829
Pioneer Talc Company, Chatsworth, Georgia 30705
Southern Clay Products, Inc., P.O. Box 44, Gonzales,
Texas 78629
The United Sierra Division, Cyprus Mines Corporation,
P. 0. Box 1201, Trenton, New Jersey 08606
Westex Talc Company, P. 0. Box 15038, Houston, Texas 77020
Milwhite Company, Inc., Houston, Texas 77020
Collectively, the talc producers of this area had an annual production of over
160,000 tons in 1968 (increasing annually) and tens of millions of tons are
in near-surface reserves. The talc rock is locally ground and shipped for
use in products such as roofing material and fillers for insecticides, paint,
rubber, and plastics.
Fibrous amphibole asbestos (variety called richterite which may
be considered the alkali-rich [3.54 percent K90] analog of tremolite) is found
in the same area and is locally present with talc. Some crocidolite also is
found. Mafic igneous rocks which are probably diabase sills are plentiful
in the area. The main richterite deposit is in a low hill of dolomite.
Asbestos content ranges from a trace to up to about 75 percent. Slip-fiber
asbestiforms generally predominate, but cross-fiber and bent-fiber forms are
also common. Variable amounts of other minerals are closely associated with
the richterite deposits. These include talc, tremolite, mica, actinolite,
quartz dolomite, and a poorly crystallized layer of silicate. A company was
formed in early 1971 by Albert Gregory (Van Horn Soapstone and Talc Corpora-
tion, Van Horn, Texas) to exploit the asbestos deposites of west Texas.
Asbestos, talc, and soapstone also are found in metamorphosed rock
of the Central Mining District, chiefly in Gillespie, Blanco, and Llano
Counties. The asbestos is principally tremolite and other asbestiform
amphiboles although some chrysotile asbestos occurs locally. Soapstone is
much more abundant than talc but most of the soapstone deposits contain
intermixed talc and amphibole minerals among other diluents. Currently, the
only production of any of these minerals appears to be minor amounts of a
serpentine-soapstone type rock crushed for use as terrazzo chips.
-------
A-235
The asbestiform minerals, talc and soapstone of the Central Mining
District are closely related to the numerous serpentine rock bodies of the
area. Originally, the serpentine bodies were mostly olivine. The serpentine
masses lie within the Valley Spring gneiss and Packsaddle schist. It has
been suggested that the olivine masses were emplaced after the Valley Spring
and Packsaddle formations (middle Precambrian) but before the Big Branch
gneiss (also Precambrian). There is a wide variation in mineral suites from
location to location within the known occurrences of the serpentine masses.
Elsewhere in Texas, no occurrences of the fibrous amphibole minerals
in association with any of the mining or quarrying activities of the state, are
reported.
Source References
(2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
1962, USGS Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and
A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(206) Geological Highway Map of Texas, H. B. Renfro, 1962, Map. No. 7
The American Association of Petroleum Geologists and USGS, AAPG,
P.O. Box 979, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74101.
(207) Asbestos in the Allamoore Talc District, Hudspeth and Culbertson
Counties, Texas, R. G. Rohrbacher, 1973, Geological Circular 73-1,
Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas, Austin,
Texas 78712.
(208) Utilization of Texas Sperpentine, V. E. Barnes, et. al., 1950,
Publication No. 5020, Bureau of Economic Geology, University of
Texas, Austin, Texas 78712.
(209) Building Stones of Central Texas, V. E. Barnes, et al., Publication
No. 4246, Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas, Austin,
Texas 78712.
(210) The Mineral Industry of Texas, S. 0. Wood, Jr., and R. Girard,
1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-236
Utah
Numerous counties in the state of Utah are marked by the geologic
occurrence of intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. The major rock bodies
of this type are located on Figure A-61. The occurrence of the Precambrian
formations also are shown in the map figure. As shown in the figure, several
of the igneous rock bodies occur within or adjacent to these rocks that have
been metamorphosed to various degrees. Thus, most of the counties in Utah
have extensive areas characterized by the presence of ancient metamorphic
rocks or by younger metamorphism resulting from the igneous rock invasions.
Further, there is not a single couny in Utah that does not have widespread
mineralization of their rock formations. Somewhat surprisingly, however,
mineralization is often found to be marginally concentrated so that economical
mining activity is not as profuse in Utah as might be surmized from a general
geologic assessment.
The center of the mining activity in Utah is in Salt Lake County.
Production is chiefly of the metallics, copper, molybdenum, gold, silver,
lead, and zinc. Nonmetallic operations are extensive also, chiefly cement,
sand and gravel, lime, and stone, since, these domestic industrial minerals
are required by the large number of people in this county. A detail map of
Salt Lake County (Figure A-62 is presented which shows the areal extent of the
operations. This map is keyed to the tabulation of commodities and operations of
Salt Lake County, as listed in Table A-79.
The counties adjacent to Salt Lake County, Tooele, Utah, Wasatch,
Summit, Morgan, and Davis are mineral producers also. The small production
from Davis and Morgan Counties is limited to the recovery of stone, sand
and gravel. A large production of the metallic minerals occurs in the other
adjacent counties of Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, and Summit. However, the associate
minerals from these operations are not reported. Elsewhere, there is consider-
able mineral production from the counties of Juab, Iron, Garfield, Emery,
Uintah (principally fossil fuels), Grand, and San Juan. A summary of the
principal producers in Utah except for the fossil fuel processes, is given
in Table A-80.
-------
^:;:v:S:;| Ingepus extrusive
J and intrusive rocks
Precambrian rocks
WEBER
MORGA
FIGURE A-61. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS AND MCTAMORPHIC ROCK IN UTAH
-------
A-238
Holliday
P Knudtenj CorJ5Jrs
QtF^
Bin.gham
Can^pn;
Bingham
•L.d'pperfieL
/ o O VLork^
\Highland Hornmon
) Boy BluffdalS
Salt Lake County
10
20 Miles
Scale
Location and Operators
Big Cottonwood Mining District
International Pipe & Ceramics
Big Cottonwood Sand & Gravel Co.
A. J. Dean & Sons
Dan R. Fogle
Harris Bethers Constr. Co.
Walker Sand & Gravel Co.
Bingham Mining District
U-V Industries Co.
Kcnnecott Copper Corp.
Draper
Draper Sand & Gravel
Holladay
A & L Concrete
Harper-Jackson Sand & Gravel
South East Sand & Gravel
Hot Springs Mining District
Portland Cement Co.
Merrico Inc.
Kearns
Breitling Bros. Constr. Co.
D. W. Brimhall Co.
Location and Operators
Pioneer Sand & Gravel
Sorensen Sand & Gravel
Utah Sand & Gravel Products
Snider Rock Products
Little Cottonwood Mining District
J. J. Beeson
Midvale
Armin A. Rosenhan
Murray
White Concrete Products, Inc.
Beehive Sand & Gravel
North Salt Lake City
Chapman & Chapman
Gibbons & Reed Co.
P. C. Kimball
Utah Sand & Gravel Products
Salt Lake City
Filtrol Corporation
Acme Lite Wate Products. Inc.
Morton Salt Company
W. W. Clyde
Location and Operators
Cox Bros. Constr. Co.
Gardner. Inc.
Geneva Rock Products
Prince Block Co.
Utah Sand & Gravel Products
Vermiculite-lntermountain Inc.
Sandy
Wilford H. Hansen
R. Whitmore
Asphalt Products, Inc.
Smelter Mining District
International Smelting & Refining
Kennecott Copper Corp.
England Constr. Co.
M & M Constr. Co.
South Salt Lake City
Geneva Rock Products
West Jordan
Salt Lake Valley Sand & Gravel
FIGURE A-62. MINERAL OPERATIONS IN SALT LAKE COUNTY, UTAH.
-------
A-239
TABLE A-79. Mineral Cotnmcxiities and Operators, Salt Lake County, Utah
(From: Utah Mineral Industry Operator Directory)
Commodity
Name of property
Location
Production
Cement rock
Parley's Canyon quarry Sec. 24, T1S-R1 E
Hot Springs mining district
Parley's Canyon limestone
quarry and cement plant
Portland Cement Co.
615 W. 8th S.
Salt Lake City, Utah 34104
NC
Cement rock
. fireclay,
White Concrete products Murray
Cottonwood Clay pits Sec. 24, T2S—R1 E
Circle "M" Nos. 1 and 2 Big Cottonwood mining
district
Copper, gold, lead,
silver
Copper, lead, silver
Wasatch mine
Cleanup
SW Sec. 6, T3S-R3E
Little Cottonwood
mining district
Midvale
White Concrete Products, Inc.
219 W. Central Ave.
Murray, Utah 84107
International Pipe and Ceramics
Corp.
c/o InterpaceCorp.
260 Cherry Hill Road
Parsippany, New Jersey 07054
Beeson Exploration
Joseph J. Beeson, Pres.
875 Donner Way
Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
Armin A. Rosenhan
750 E. 6400 S.
Midvale, Utah 84047
NW
NW
Copper,
zinc
, ;iiv/ti
Murrrw j dump
SESec. 12, T2S-R1W
SWSec. 7. T2S R1W
Smelter mining district
International Smelting and Refining NW
Co., L. J. Eliason.Pres.
R. F. D. No. 1
Tooele, Utah 84074
Copper, lead, silver,
zinc
Gold, silver, copper,
lead, zinc
Butterfield mine
Cardiff mine
Gold, silver, copper, Utah Copper mine
molybdenite, molybdic
oxide, ammonium per-
rhenate, inlf uric acid,
platinum, palladium,
bismuth, selenium,
lead, nickel
Gold, silver, copper, lead, U. S. and Lark mine
zinc, pyrites
Granite (dimension)
Granite
Halloysite
Peoa Stone quarry
SW Sec. 29, T3S-R2W
West Mountain (Bingham)
mining district
T3S-R3E
Little Cottonwood
mining district
SWSec. 26, T3S-R3W
Bingham district
West Mountain (Bingham)
SW Sec. 29, T3S-R2W
West Mountain (Bingham)
T3S-R1W
8809 S 600 W
Sandy
Temple granite quarry SE NE Sec. 12, T3S-R1E
and plant Wasatch Resort
Sandy
Halloysite Process plant Salt Lake City
U-V Industries Co. C
(U. S. Smelting, Refining and
Mining Co.)
University Club Bldg.,
Salt Lake City, Utah 84110
Beeson Exploration W
Joseph J. B1 oson, Pres.
875 Donner Way
Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
Kennecott Copper Corp. C
Utah Copper Division
P. O. Box 11299
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
U-V Industries Co. O
(U. S. Smelting, Refining and
Mining Co.), University Club
Bldg.,
Salt Lake City, Utah 841 11
Wilford H. Hansen NO
Stone Quarries, Inc.
P. O. Box 86
Sandy, Utah 84070
R. Whitmore NW
430 E. South Temple
Salt Lake City, Utah 841 10
Filtrol Corp. NW
2580 Andrew Ave.
Limestone
Chapman pits
SWSWSec.13,T1S-R1E
North Salt Lake
Chapman and Chapnv i
535 S. 2ndE. No. 51 5
Salt Lake City, Utah 841 11
NO
* See footnote key to production symbols.
-------
A-240
TABLE A-79. (continued)
Commodity
Name of property
Location
Opoi a tor /uddress
Productii
Limestone, lime,
stone (dimension)
Perlite
Salt
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Salt Lake City
limekiln
UTCO
Saltair plant
A and L gravel pits
Asphalt Products pits
Beehive sand and
gravel pits
Big Cottonwood
gravel pits
Kearns gravel pits
Brimhall gravel pits
Clyde pits
CPC Valley pits
SWSec 17.T1S-R3W
Smelter mininij district
Salt Lake City
Sees. 5 and 6, T1S-R2W
Saltair
Salt Lake City
Sec. 23.T2S-R1E
6400 S. 3010 E.
Holladay
Sec. 1,T3S-R1E
Sandy
Sec. 28.T2S-R1E
15th E. 70th S.
Murray
SESec. 14, T2S-R1E
Cottonwood
Big Cottonwood mining
district
SWSec. 4.T2S-R1W
4537 S. 3200 W.
Kearns
NESec. 17.T2S-R1W
3200 W. 5600 S.
Kearns
• Salt Lake City
2200 N. 1200W-,
Salt Lake City
9400S. 1125E.,
Salt Lake City
3200 W. 5400 S..
Salt Lake City
8000 S. 700 W.,
Bountiful
6901 Wasatch Blvd.
Salt Lake City
Konnecott Copper Corp. NB
Utah Copper Division
P. O. Box 11299
Salt Lake City, Utah 84110
Acme Lite Wdte Products, Inc. NW
330 Hartwell Ave.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
Morton Salt Company NC
110N. Wacker Dr.
Chicago, III. 60606
Also: 1545S. 1100E.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84105
A and L Concrete Co. NW
67 E. 8000 S.
Sandy, Utah 84047
Asphalt Products, Inc. NO
1820 Beck St.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84116
Beehive Sand and Gravel NC
P. O. Box 7253
Murray, Utah 84117
Big Cottonwood Sand and NC
Gravel Co.
6695 S. Wasatch Blvd.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84121
Breitling Bros. Constr. Co. NC
3645 S. Wasatch Blvd.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84104
D. W. Brimhall Co. NO
17 E. 6150 S.
Murray. Utah 84107
W. W. Clyde NW
North Main
P. O. Box 350
Springville, Utah 84663
Concrete Products Co. NW
Divison of G and R Co.,
Hobusch Walker Whitehill and
Tehem
41 West Central Ave.
P. O. Box 7356
Murray, Utah 84107
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Cox Bros, pits
Dean and Sons pits
Salt Lake City
Big Cottonwood
mining district
Cox Bros. Constr. Co.
50 E. 1 N.
Manti, Utah 84642
A. J. Dean and Sons
6695 S. Wasatch Blvd.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84121
NW
NW
-------
A-241
Commodity
Table A-79. (continued)
I Name of
Name of property
I
Location
Operator/address
Production
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, giavel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, Qia
Druper pit-.
England Constr., sand
and gravel pits
Foglc (jiiivel pit
Gardner pits
Draper
Smelter mining district
Sec. 14,T2S-R1E
665 Big Cottonwood
Canyon Road
Big Cottonwood
mining district
Salt Lake City
Geneva rock products South Salt Lake City
North Salt Lake
gravel pits
Hai|)er—Jackson
gravel pits
Bethers Constr.
Kimbad gravel pit
M and M pit
SESec. 23, T1N-R1W
North Salt Lake City
SW SESec. 14.T2S-R1E
Yi mile east
5800 Holluday Blvd.
Holladay
Big Cottonwood
mining district
N Salt Lake City
Smeller mining
district
Draper Sand and Gravel NW
11900S. 1000 E.
Draper, Utah 84020
England Construction Co. NB
P. O. Box 488
Tooele, Utah 84074
Dan R. Fogle Sand and Gravel NW
Products
781 7 S. 2000 E.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84115
W. W. and W. B. Gardner, Inc. NW
1399 S. 7th E.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84110
Geneva Rock Products Co. NC
350 W. 3900 S.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84115
Gibbons and Reed Co. ND
Concrete Products Division
P. O. Box 2429
Salt Lake City, Utah 84110
Harper—Jackson Sand and Gravel NW
5909 Tolcate Lane
Salt Lake City, Utah 84121
Harris Bethers Constr. Co. NW
P. 0. Box 26
Heber, Utah 84032
P. C. Kimball NW
22 E. 400 S.
North Salt Lake, Utah 84054
M and M Construction Co. NW
P. O. Box 981
Tooele, Utah 84074
Sand, gravel
Sand,
Sand, gravel
Pioneer sand and gravel 3200 W. 5600 S.
pits Kearns
PrincH gravel pit
and plant
Wulby pit
Salt Lake City
Salt Uikc County
gravel pit
165 Sugar St.
Midvnlc
9000 S. 5600 W.
West Joidari
Pioneer Sand and Gravel NC
Richard M. Savage, Prus.
P.O. Box 18457
Salt Lake City, Utah 84118
Prince Block Co. NW
170 W. 17thS.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84115
Salt Lake County NW
Dept. of Roads ond Bridges
Rm. 205, City and Co. Bldg.
Salt LakftCity, Utah 84101
&md. rjravel
J-..-VI ptf
Jordan Narrows
Blufklaie
Salt Lake Valley Sand and Gravel NW
Bo* T
Sdiidy, Utah 84070
-------
A-242
TABLE A-79.(continued)
Commodity
Name of property
Location
Operator /address
pi eduction
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Snnd, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Sand, gravel
Stone (crushed)
Vermiculite
Kcnms grovel pits
Key Industries. Inc.
pits
Kearns pit
Stauffer pit
Cottonwood Heights
pit
Walker gravel pits
Kearns pit
Ute White quartzite
quarry
Regional
SESWSoc. 8, T2S-R1W
3616 W. 5400 S.
Kearns
NWSec. 23, T2S-R1E
G500 Holladoy Blvd.
Holladay
6000 S. 5400 W.
Kearns
NESec. 23, T1N-
N Salt Lake
•R1W
NWSec. 23, T2S-R1E
6687 S. 2300 E.
Salt Lake City
SESec. 23. T2S-R1E
6950 S. Wasatch Blvd.
Big Cottonwood mining
district
Kearns
Parleys Bluff
Hot Springs mining district
Salt Lake City
Sorensen S.inrt and Gravel Co. NC
Loon G. Sorensen. Pres.
Box 18G45
Kcarns, Utah 81118
South Eost Sand and Gravel Co. NW
Box 17345
&ilt Lake City, Utah 84117
Utah Sond and Gravel Products NB
1730 Beck Street
P. O. Box 537
Salt Lake City, Utah 84116
Utah Sjnd and Gravel Products NC
1730 Beck Street
P. O. Box 537
Salt Lake City, Utah 84116
Utah Sand and Gravel Products NC
1730 Ceck Street
P. O. Box 537
Salt Lake City, Utah 84116
Walker Sand and Gravel Co. NC
Walker, J. B., Inc.
21 S. 10th W.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84121
George A. Wood NW
Snider Rock Products
393 W. 48th S.
Kearns, Utah 84118
Merrico, Inc. NW
5200 S. Main St.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84107
Vermiculite—Interrnountain Inc. NW
333 W. 1 S.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84101
Key to production symbols:
A 1-5000 tons
B 5000-50,000 tons
C 50,000-500,000 tons
D 500,000 tons or more
0 No production
W Data withheld
N Prefixed to distinguish nonmetallic mineral data.
-------
A-243
TABLE A-80.
UTAH MINERAL COMMODITIES AND PRODUCERS
(EXCEPT FOSSIL FUELS AND RELATED PRODUCTS)
Commodity and company
Address
Typ« of activity
County
Beryllium: Brush Wellman, IncTTtt W. 2950 S
Carbon dioxide (natural): Salt ^ CHy' Utah 84U6
Equity Oil Co ............ 80G American Oil Bldg.
Cement- Salt Lmk* City' Utah 84101
Ideal Cement Co., Div. of 420 Ideal Cement Bide.
Ideal Basic Industries, Inc.i Denver, Colo. 80202
Portland Cement Co. of Box 1469
Cl»ye- UU1'' Salt Uke CitVl Utah 84UO
Filtrol Corp ............. 3250 K. Washington Blvd
Interstate Rrick Co
Utelite Corp
Clty' UUh 84l°6
«r . ~, . ., CoMvillc, Utah 84017
Western Clay & Metals Co. 1200 S. Atlantic Blvd.
Alhamhra, Calif. 91803
Cop]>er:
Hecla Mining Co ......... Box 320
•Wallace, Idaho H3873
Kennecott Copper Corp., Box 11299
Utah Copper Division. Salt Lake City, UUh
Open pit mine Juab.
Chemical processing plant.. MUlard.
Well and plant, Farnham Carbon.
Dome Held.
Wet process, 2-rotary-kiln Morgan.
plant.
Wet process Salt Lake.
Open pit-underground mine. Juab.
Open pit mines Sevier, Summit,
Tooele, Utah.
Open pit mine and expand- Summit.
ing plant.
2 open pit mines Sevi«r.
S««Gold Waa»teh.
United States Smelting
Refining and Mining Co.
Fluorspar:
Centennial Development
Co.
Chesley & Black, Inc
Spor Bros
Willden Fluorspar Co
Gold:
Hecla Mining Co
Kennecott Copper Corp.,
Utah Copper Division.
United Park City Mines
Co.
United States Smelting
Refining and Mining Co.
Gypsum:
Georgia Pacific Corp.,
Gypsum Division.
United Suites Gyp-sum Co.
Iron ore:
CF&I Steel Corp
United States Steel Corp.,
Western Ore Operations.
Utah Construction &
Mining Co.
Lead:
Deer Trail Mines tt
Arundei Mining Co.
Hecla Mining Co
136 E. South Temple St.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
Eureka, Uuh 84628
Delta, Utah 84624.
Box 276
Delta, Utah 84G24
Box 036
Delta, UUh 84624
Box 320
Wallace, Idaho 83873
Box 11299
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
Star Route 1, Box 40
Heber City, Utah 84032
136 E. South Temple St.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
P.O. Box 311
Portland, Oreg. 97207
101 S. Wacker Drive
Chicago, III. 60606
Box 1920
Pueblo, Colo. 80201
Lander. Wyo. 82520
Box 649
Cedar City. Utah 84720
Open pit mine, crusher, 2
flotation mills, precipita-
tion plant, smelter, and
electrolytic refinery.
See Lead
Salt Lake.
Do.
Open pit and underground Juab.
mines.
Open pit mine ... ......... \>°-
Open pit and underground Bo.
mines.
Underground mine --------- Uo.
Underground mine and Wasatch.
flotation mill.
See Copper ............... Salt Lake.
See Zinc .................. Summit.
See Lead ................. Salt Lake.
Open pit mine and calcining Sevier.
plant. _
....do ................... Do-
3 open pit mines .......... Iron.
Open pit mine
Do.
Do.
Kennecott Copper Corp.,
Tintic Division.
United Park City Mines
Co.
United States Smelting
Refining and Mining Co.
United States Smelting
Refining and Mining Co.
(McFarland & Hullinger,
lessee).
Lime:
The FHntkote Co., U.S.
Lime Division.1
Kennecott Copper Corp
Utah Marblehead Lime
Co.'
Magnesium chloride: Kaiser
Aluminum & Chemical Corp.,
Bonneville, Ltd., Division.
Molybdenum: Kennecott
Copper Corp., Utah Copper
Division.
1834 S. Woodaide Dr.
Salt Lake City. Utah 84172
Box 820
Wallace. Idaho R3873
Box 250
Eureka, Utah 84628
Star Route 1. Box 40
Heber City, Utah 84032
136 E South Temple St.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
do
2244 Beverly Blvd.
Los Angeles. Calif. 90057
Box 11299
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
300 W. Washington St.
Chicago, 111. 60606
300 Lakeside Drive
Oakland, Calif. 94612
Box 11299
Salt Lake City. Utah 84111
2 open pit mines, mobile
crushing and screening
plant, and beneficiation
plant.
S«Zinc
See Gold ................. Wasatch.
S«« Zinc .................. Utah.
____ do ................... Summit.
Underground mine and Salt Lake.
custom flotation mill.
Underground mine ......... Tooele.
2-shaft-kiln plant Do.
Limekiln Salt Lake.
Rotary-kiln plant Do.
Solar evaporation Do.
See Copper.
Do.
-------
A-244
TABLE A-80.(continued)
Commodity and company
Address
Type of activity
County
Phosphate rock:
StaufTer Chemical Co 636 California St.
San Francisco, Calif. 94119
Potassium salts:
Great Salt Lake Minerals Box 1190
& Chemicals Corp. Ogden, Utah
Kaiser Aluminum & 800 Lakeside Drive
Chemical Corp. Oakland Calif. 94604
Texas Gulf Sulphur Co 200 Park Ave.
New York, N.Y. 10017
Pumice: Thompson Block Co.. 620 N. 400 W.
Cedar City, Utah 84720
Salt:
Great Salt Lake Minerals
& Chemicals Corp.
Hardy Salt Co
Morton Salt Co. a division
of Morton International,
Inc.
Solar Salt Co
Sand nnd (travel:
BrcillinR Bros. Construc-
tion, Inc.
Construction Materials
Corp., Savage Bros., Inc.,
Division.
Dan K. Fogle Sand &
Gravel Products.
Gibbons & Heed Co., Con-
crete Products Co.
Division.
Box 1190
Ogden. Utah
P.O. Drawer 449
St. Louis, Mo. 63166
110 N. Wacker Drive
Chicago, III. 60606
270 Crossroad Square
Salt Lake City, Utah 84115
3645 S. 500 W.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84104
R.F.D. 4, Box 611
American Fork, Utah 84003
350 Hartwell Ave.
Salt Laku City, Utah 84115
41 W. Central Ave.
Murray, Utah 84107
Pioneer Sand & Gravel....
Sorenscn Sand & Gravel..
Utnh Rand & Gravel
Products Corp.
Selenium: KonnecoU Copper
Curp., Utah Copper
Division.
Silver:
Deer Trail Mines &
Arunilel Mining Co.
Hecla Mining Co —
3200 W. MOO S. Granger Dr.
Salt Lake City, Utah H4118
Box 1K;.45
Kerns, Utah 84118
Box 537
Salt Lake City, Utah H4110
Box 11299
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
Open pit-underground mine. Rich.
Open pit mine and bene- Uintah.
ficiation plant.
Brine processing plant Weber.
do Tooele.
Underground mine and Grand.
flotation refinery.
Open pit mine and crushing Beaver.
and screening plant.
do. Iron.
Solar evaporation — Weber.
do Salt Lake.
Lake brine processing plant. Do.
do - Tooele.
Pit and plant Salt Lake.
do Davis.
Pit and 3 plants Salt Lake.
Pit and plant Davis.
do Salt Lake.
"'.'.do'.'.'.'. Weber.
Pit and plant Salt Lake.
....do Do-
Spits and plants Do.
See Copper Do.
Kennerott Copper Corp.,
1834 S. Woodside Dr.
Salt Lake City, Utah 84172
DOX320
Wallace, Idaho H3873
Box 250
ox
See Zinc .................. Piute.
w...*,!,
See Gold ................. Wasatcn.
„. .
S« Zinc .................. Utah.
Stopper ............... Sa.t Lake.
Underground mine ........ Do.
(Ben Dixon & Christie,
; City Mines Star Route 1, Box 40 See Zinc Summit.
Co ^nyml Heber City. Utah 84032 .
United States Smelting Re- 136 K. South Te.nple St S« Lead Salt Lake.
fining and Mining Co. Salt Lake City. Utah 84111
United States Smelting Re- ....do do Tooele.
fining and Mining Co.
(McFarland & Hullinger,
lessee).
St°nLe Grand Johnson Corp... Box 248 Quarry and plant Cache.
Logan, Utah 84321 _ , . .
Portland Cement Company Box 1469 -—do Salt L.Ke.
of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah 84110 ..
Southern Pacific Railroad 65 Market St. Quarry Box Elder.
Co San Francisco, Calif. 94105 .
United States Steel Corp., lender, Wyo. 82520 Quarry and plant Utah.
300 W. Washington St. do Tooela.
Chicago, III. 60606
Uranium: Box 1207 Underground mine Emery.
Minerals Division. Moab, Utah 84532 Moab custom mill. 9™j'n
jnmerdia I^IYIOIU". j^ underground mines Ban Juan.
Homestake Mining Co.... gj^M",^ 84532 Underground mine Do.
Lake Washburn Mining 720^26 R^ad 2 underground mines Do.
Grand Junction, Colo. 81501
ZinCDeer Trail Mines & 1834 S. Woodside Dr. Underground mine Flute.
H£laUMin "gCo* C°' - Box sfu" ™V' "**" "^ See Gold Wasalch.
flCVltl A11IIIHK v/w-- —------ " TJ , OQOTO
Wallace. Idaho 83o/<5 ¥T»-u
Kennecott Copper Corp.. Box 250 2 underground mines Utah.
Tintic Division. Eureka, Utah 84628 Summit
United Park City Mines Star Route 1, Box 40 ....do bumrnit.
Co Heber City, Utah 84032 , . ,
United States Smelting 136 E. South Temple St See Lead Salt Lake.
Refining ami Mining Co. Salt Lake City, Utah 84111 Tooele.
United States Smelting Re- ..-do do '<*»n«
fining and Mining Co.
(McKarland & Hullinger,
lessee).
-------
A-245
The occurrence of asbestiform minerals in Utah is not well docu-
mented. Certainly there are a number of localities where the regional or
contact metamorphism of a preferred country rock would favor the transforma-
tion to asbestiforms although not much is reported on such occurrences. One
occurrence of asbestos is reported from a Mineral Resources document as
being located in Millard County in the Autelope Mountain district (no current
exploittation), but nnt even the type asbestos is described. Elsewhere, talc
rock is mined at Ogden in Weber County (believed to be a minor recovery
operation), and amphibole minerals are reported in association with a copper
deposit in eastern Daggett County (not currently exploited). In view of
the relative lack of information or lack of asbestiform mineral reporting
and widely dispersed nature of the mining operations in sparsely populated
localities, it would appear that the state of Utah is not of prime considera-
tion in a further investigation of the present type. An area of possible
exception is Salt Lake County.
Source Reference
(211) Geologic Map of Utah, Map No. 23, W. L. Stokes, et. al. (1961-1964),
D. A. Andres and C. B. Hunt, (1948), Utah Geological and Mineralogical
Survey, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112.
(212) Mining Districts and Mineral Deposits of Utah, C. A. Mardirosian, 1966,
Consulting Geologist, 521 Fifth Avenue, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(213) Industrial Minerals of Utah, H. H. Doelling, 1969, Utah Geological and
Mineralogical Survey, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112.
(214) Utah Mineral Industry Operator Directory, C. H. Stowe, 1973, Bulletin
No. 101, Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey, Salt Lake City,
Utah 84112
(215) The Mineral Industry of Utah, F. C. Mitko, 1971, U. S. Bureau of Mines'
Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-246
Vermont
Metamorphism of the rocks found in Vermont is found in several
stages of development. The metamorphic map (Figure A-63) shows the general
zones of development. The local intensity of metamorphism, for example,
in localities affected by localized plutonic activity, is not shown.
Formations and zones generally trend north-south as indicated on the map.
The rocks range in age from Precambrian to possibly middle triassic (some
of the plutonic rocks). -The rock types found include granites, gneisses,
schists, slates, and marbles with a large assemblage of minerals characteristic
of all stages of metamorphism.
Figure A-64, identifying counties, shows the approximate locations
of the chrysotile asbestos, talc, and soapstone occurrences in Vermont.
Table A-81 gives the locations of the talc and chrysotile asbestos
occurrences by latitude and longitude. The occurrence pattern is seen to lie
in a north-south trend line, generally aligned with the principal fold axes
in formations of moderate degree of metamorphism. The mafic rocks in these
areas are mainly greenstone schists with an actinolite amphibole constituent
while the carbonate rocks contain talc, phlogppite, and tremolite amphibole.
The fibrous amphibole minerals are commonly found in many of the Vermont
rock formations.
Vermont is not known as a major mining state although some important
production of talc and asbestos takes place there. Asbestos is produced from
Orleans County (northern Vermont) and talc is produced in Lamoille (northern
Vermont), Windham, and Windsor (southern Vermont) Counties. The balance of
the mineral production is chiefly confined to recovery of stone, sand and
gravel. These operations take place from all the counties of Vermont except
Grand Isle County (Lake Champlain district). The principal producers of
mineral commodities in Vermont are given in Table A-82, which also gives
company addresses, descriptions of activity, and counties of operation. The
extent to which the fibrous amphibole minerals are encountered in these
various operations is not reported.
-------
A-247
20 Miles
I I
-N-
Metamorphic Rocks
Chlorite Zone
Biotite Zone-Mafic rocks,
mainly are greenstone schists
withactinolite amphibole. Talc,
phlogopite.and tremolite in
carbonate rocks.
Garnet Zone^Mafic rocks
contain amphibole
Staurolite-Kyanite-Andalusite
Zone
Sillimanite Zone
FIGURE A-63. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN VERMONT
-------
A-248
-N-
Chrysotile occurrences
Talc occurrences
Soapstone occurrences
0 5 10 15 20 25
Miles
FIGURE A-64. OCCURRENCE OF CHRYSOTILE, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE IN VERMONT
-------
A-249
TABLE A-81. ASBESTOS AND TALC DEPOSITS IN VERMONT
Asbestos
Talc
1
1951;
72*23'
44*53' 72*25'
44*49' 72*27'
Orleans County
General references: Chidester and others
Pearre. and Calkins, 1957.
East Hill prospect. Cross- and 44*56'
slip-fiber chrysotile asbestos
In serpentinite.
2. Westfield prospects. Slip- and
cross-fiber chrysotile in ser-
pentinite.
3. Lowell prospects. Slip- and
cross-fiber chrysotile in ser-
pentinite and relatively unser-
pentinized dunite and peridotite.
Lamoille and Orleans Counties
4. Ruberoid-Belvidere Mountain 44*46' 72e32'
area. Slip- and cross-fiber
chrysotile in serpentinite and
relatively unserpentinized dunite
and peridotite. Bain, 1942;
Chidester and others, 1951;
Marsters, 1904, 1905; Pearre
and Calkins. 1957.
Washington County
5. Barnes Hill locality. Slip- and
cross-fiber chrysotile in ser-
pentinite. Chidester and others,
1952.
6. Mad River locality. Slip- and
cross-fiber chrysotile in serpen-
tinite. Chidester and others, 1951.
Windsor County
7. Ludlow area. Slip- and cross-
fiber chrysotile in serpentinite
and relatively unserpentinized
dunite and peridotite. Chidester
and others, 1951.
Windham County
8. Dover area. Slip- and cross- 42058' 72°46'
fiber chrysotile in serpentinite
and relatively unserpentinized
dunite and peridotite. Chidester
and others, 1951.
44*24' 72*41'
44°14' 72*48'
43*23' 72*39'
44*54' 72°23'
44*53' 72*38'
44*46'
44 "40'
44'40'
44*33'
44*25'
All deposits arc associated with and chiefly derived from
scrpcntinitc. The deposits consist principally of talc-
carbonate rock bordered by thin shells of talc rock.
Bain, 1942; Chidester and others, 1951, 1952; Pearre and
Calkins, 1957a.
1. Troy-East Hill deposits.
2. Montgomery Center prospect.
3. Bclvidcre Mountain area.
4. Johnson mines and nearby deposits.
5. Rousseau prospect.
6. Sterling Pond deposits.
7. Barnes Hill prospect.
8. Waterbury mine.
9. Mad River mine.
10. Roxbury deposits.
11. East Granvillc mine.
12. Williams and McPhcrson mines and 43° 52' 72*46'
nearby deposits.
13. Grcclcy mine. 43*48' 72*46'
14. Hammondsville quarry. 43° 29' 72*33
15. Proctorsville deposits. 43°23' 72*39'
16. Pcrkinsvillc quarry. 43°22' 72*32'
17. Carlcton quarry and Chester Reservoir 43° 16' 72° 38
72*32'
72*38'
72'47'
72*46'
72*43'
44*19' 72*44'
72*48'
72*44'
44*14'
44*05'
44*01'
72*45'
mine.
18. Davis (Holdcn) and Barton quarries 43° 14' 72 "38'
19. Windham quarry and nearby deposit 43° 12' 72 43
20. South Windham deposits. 43*08' 72*42'
21. Grafton prospects. 43° 08 72*36
22. Dovcr-Newfane deposits. 43*00' 72 45
23. Marlboro deposits. 42° 52' 72*46'
24. Watervillc quarry. 44*44' 72*45*
25. Valentine mine. 43°24' 72°4l'
(Localities are given by North Latitude and West Longitude)
-------
A-250
TABLE A-82. VERMONT MINERAL PRODUCERS
Commodity and company Address Type of activity County
Asbestos:
GAF Corporation, BUlg. & In- 140 West 51st St. Pit Orleans.
dustrial Floor Products New York, N.Y. 10020
Division.1
Peat:
Kirks Green Mountain Peat P.O. Box 456 Bog Windsor.
Woodstock, Vt. 05091
Sand and gravel:
Brattleboro Sand & Gravel, Inc.. P.O. Box 358 Pit Windham.
Brattleboro, Vt. 05301
Caledonia Sand & Gravel Co. Box 428 Pit Washington.
Inc. St. Johnsbury, Vt. 05819
Calkin* Construction, Inc Danville, Vt. 05828 Pit Orleans.
J. P. Carrara & Son», Inc N. Clarendon. Vt. 05759 Pit Rutland.
William K. Dallcy, Jr N. Bcnnington, Vt. 05257 Pit Bennington.
S. T. Griswold, Inc P.O. Box 8 Pit Chittenden.
Williston, Vt. 05495
Albert S. Nadeau Johnson, Vt. 05656 Pit Lamoille.
Lawrence Sangravco, Inc 138 Portland St. Pit . Essex.
Johnsbury, Vt. 05819
Vermont Sand & Gravel Corp Box 429 Pit Rutland.
Bellows Falls, Vt. 05101
Stone:
Granite (dimension):
Rock of Ages Corp Barre, Vt. 05641 Quarry Orange,
Washington,
Windsor.
Wclls-Lamson Quarry Co., 102 N. Main St. do Washington.
Inc. Barre, Vt. 05641
Granite (crushed):
Wells-Lamson Quarry Co., Framingham, Mass. 01701 do Washington.
Inc.
Limestone (crushed and broken):
LJV.. Demers Crushed Rock Upper Main St. do Chittenden.
Co. Winooski. Vt. 05404
Perini Corp Framingham, Mass. 01701 Crushing plant, Windsor.
quarry.
Swanton Lime Works, Inc... Swanton, Vt. 05488 Quarry Franklin.
Vermarco Ground Products W. Rutland, Vt. 05777 do. Rutland.
Division of Vermont
Marble Co.
Marble (dimension):
Vermont Marble Co.» Proctor, Vt. 05765 do Rutland,
Windsor.
Marble (crushed):
F. W. Whitcomb Const. Box 429 do Rutland.
Corp. Bellows Falls, Vt. 05101
Slate (dimension):
Green Mountain Slate Granville, N.Y. 12832 do... Do.
Corp.
John G. Hadeka 25 College St. do Do.
Poultney, Vt. 05764
Hilltop Slate Co Middle Granville. N.Y. 12849.. do Do.
Rising & Nelson Slate Co., West Pawlet, Vt. 05775 do Do.
Inc.
Somich Brothers Granville, N.Y. 12832 do Do.
Taran Brothers, Inc No. Poultney, Vt. 05764 do Do.
Tatko Brothers Slate Co Middle Granville, N.Y. 12849 do Do.
Vermont Structural Slate Co., Prospect St. do Do.
Inc. Fair Haven, Vt. 05743 do Do.
Talc:
Eastern Magnesia Talc Co Johnston, Vt. 05656 Underground.. Lamoille.
Vermont Talc Co Chester, Vt. 05143 do Windham.
Windsor Minerals, Inc P.O. Box 680 do Windsor.
Windsor, Vt. 05089
1 Also miscellaneous stone.
' Also crushed marble.
-------
A-251
Source References
(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, USGS Map 1-724.
(2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
1962, USGS Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W.
Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(216) Geologic Map of Vermont, C. G. Doll, et al., 1961, Vermont
Geological Survey, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401.
(217) Mineral Deposits and Occurrences in Vermont Exclusive of Clay,
Sand and Gravel, and Peat, N.C. Pearre and J. A. Calkins, 1957,
USGS Map MR-5.
(218) The Mineral Industry of Vermont, F. B. Fulkerson, 1971, U. S.
Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-252
Virginia
The state of Virginia has approximately three-fourths metamorphic
rock, as shown in Figure A-65. As in the other eastern states of the
Appalachian and Piedmont Regions, the general trend of formations is southwest-
northeast. The occurrence of the ultramafic rocks in Virginia not surprisingly
follows the same trend-line as shown in the county map of the metamorphosed
areas. The features of this ultramafic rock belt include the occurrence of
amphibole asbestiform minerals, chiefly anthophyllite, and extensive soapstone
formations sometimes of talcy type alteration products. Figure A-66 and
Table A-83 pinpoint the principal occurrences of these alteration minerals.
Currently, there are no commercial operations for the recovery of
the amphibole asbestiform minerals although amphibolite rocks are produced
in Floyd and Patrick Counties. The Pine Creek Stone Corporation (Route 4,
P. 0. Box 778, Floyd, Virginia) produces crushed stone from Floyd County and
the operation of Wade and Griffith (Route 1, Floyd, Virginia, produces
dimension stone from Patrick county. Similarly, there are very limited
operations for the recovery of the related minerals, talc, and soapstone.
It is reported that the Blue Ridge Talc Company, Inc., operates a soapstone
quarry in Franklin County and a crushing and grinding mill in Henry County.
Dimension soapstone was produced by Alberene Stone, a division of Georgia
Marble Company, in Albermarle and Nelson Counties. Most of the rock
recovery operations in the ultramafic telt consist of quarrying for the
production of stone, sand and gravel as shown in Table A-84, a listing
of mineral production by the counties of primary interest.
-------
A-253
Metdmorphic rocks
FIGURE A-65. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN VIRGINIA
-------
FREDERICK
CLARKE
Metamorphic Rocks
Asbestos Occurrence
Principally Anthophyllite
Soapstone Occurrence
***^ Talc- Soapstone Belt
AMHEARST//fBUCKINGHAM/CUMBERLANO
POWHATAN
20 40
Miles
18) RAYSON
N)
Ul
-P-
FIGURE A-66. THE OCCURRENCE OF AMPHIBOLC ASBESTIFORM MINERALS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE
WITHIN THE METAMORPHIC ROCK BODIES OF VIRGINIA
-------
A-255
TABLE A-83. OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE IN VIRGINIA
Asbestos
Clarke County
1. Boyce deposits. Asbestos of un- 39°03' 78e04'
known variety associated with
ultramafic rocks. Bowie:'. 1955.
Fairfax County
2. Centerville area. Asbestiform 38°50' 77*24'
anthophyllite occurring with
tremolite. Dietrich, 1955.
Amelia County
3. Chula-Mattox Station area. Am- 37°24' 77*57'
phibole asbestos. Dietrich, 1953.
Bedford County
4. Bedford area. Slip-fiber antho- 37810' 79°30'
phyllite asbestos in veinlike
masses associated with horn-
blende and ojivine. Bowles,
1955; Dietrich, 1953, 1955.
Franklin County
5. Rockymount mine. Slip-fiber am- 36*58' 79e50'
phibole asbestos. Bowles, 1955;
Dietrich, 1953.
Floyd County
6. Floyd area. Asbestiform antho- 36*53' 80*17'
phyllite. Dietrich, 1955.
Henry County
General reterpnce: Dietrich, 1955.
7. Axton. Asbestiform anthophyllite. 36*39' 79*42'
8. Ridgeway. Fine white asbestiform 36*36' 79*50'
anthophyllite.
Talc and Soapstone
All deposits arc associated with ultramafic and mafic igneous
rocks. They arc mostly of the soapstone variety. The
Schuyler deposits, which are soapstone chiefly suitable for
dimension stone, are derived from mctagabbros and meta-
pyroxenitcs.
1. Falls Church 38*53' 77°ll'
2. Annandale 38°50' 77°12'
Dietrich, 1953-
3. Clifton 38*48' 77 "25
Dietrich, 1953.
4. Rhoadesvillc 38*17' 77*55'
Dietrich, 1953.
5. Louisa 38°0l' 77*59'
Burfoot, 1930.
6. Ferncliff 37*56' 78*03'
Burfoot, 1930.
7. Albeicnc area quarries. 37*52' 78*35'
Burfoot, 1930; Hess, 1933; Hopkins, 1957.
8. Schuyler area quarries. 37°47' 78*42'
Burfoot, 1930; Hess, 1933 ; Hopkins, 1957. "
9. Walnut Creek 37*18' 78*10'
Dietrich, 1953.
10. Cullen 37 '07' 78*40*
Dietrich, 1953.
11. Otter River 37el4' 79*07'
Dietrich, 1953.
12. Rocky Mount 36° 39' 79° 54'
Dietrich, 1953.
13. Henry 36°53' 79°58'
Dietrich, 1953.
14. Axton 36*40' 79°43'
Burfoot, 1930.
15. Floyd 36°53' 80*22'
Dietrich, 1953.
16. Blue Ridge Mill 36*37' 80*52'
Dietrich, 1955; Stose and Stose, 1957.
17. The Glades 36*37* 80*55'
Dietrich, 1955; Stose and Stose, 1957.
18. Troutdale 36*42' 81*25'
Dietrich, 1953.
-------
A-256
TABLE A-84. MINERAL PRODUCTION BY COUNTIES IN VIRGINIA
County
Albermarle
Amherst
Amelia
Bedford
Campbell
Carroll
Charlotte
Clarke
Fairfax
Floyd
Franklin
Henry
Louisa
Nelson
Orange
Patrick
Ranson
Commodity
Soapstone, stone, sand and gravel
Sand and gravel, titanium concentrate
No current production
Feldspar
Stone
Stone
No current production
Stone
Stone, sand and gravel
Stone (Amphidolite)
Soaps tone
Stone
Stone
Stone, Aplite
Clays
Stone (Amphibolite)
No current production
-------
A-257
Source References
(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, 1972, USGS
Map 1-724.
(2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
1962, USGS Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and
H. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(219) Geologic Map of Virginia, 1963, R. C. Milici, et al., J. L. Calver
and C.R.B. Hobbs, Jr. Eds., Virginia Division of Mineral Resources,
Charlottesville, Virginia.
(220) Mineral Resources of Virginia, D. C. LeVan and W. B. Harris, 1971,
Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, Charlottesville, Virginia.
(221) Directory of the Mineral Industry in Virginia, D. C. LeVan, 1973,
Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, Charlottesville, Virginia.
(222) The Mineral Industry of Virginia, F. D. Cooper, 1970, U.S. Bureau
of Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-258
Washington
The state of Washington may be discussed in terms of geological
areas which are distinct from one another in geological characteristics.
For example, the northeastern part of Washington is known as the Okanogan
Highlands, eastern and western sections. Another area which has been
described is the Columbia Basin. It has distinct physiography as does the
Blue Mountain region in the southeastern corner of Washington. The rugged
Cascade Mountains form a north-south spine separating eastern from western
Washington not only in geological characteristics but also in climate.
Western Washington is strongly influenced by the Coast Range, known as the
Willapa Hills to the south and climaxing in the Olympic Mountains along the
northwest coast. The Puget Sound Lowlands separate the coast mountains from
the extensive Cascade Mountain system. These provinces and sections are
delineated on the map figure and are important to this study as a means of
identifying areas where mineral production occurs or might occur and where
fibrous amphibole minerals might be found in association with such activity.
Perhaps the most interesting area of Washington is the Cascade
Mountain Range. In the mountains of this provice there is a grand assortment
of rocks and the geologic history includes marine sedimentary periods as well
as several stages of mountain building with its accompanying igneous and meta-
morphic activity. In Washington, the Cascades consist of two geologically
contrasting areas: the southern part dominated by Tertiary volcanic rocks
with relatively simple structures and the northern part where most of the
exposed rocks are structurally complex pre-Tertiary igneous and metamorphic
rock types. The Okanogon Highlands to the east of the northern part of the
Cascade Range is in some respects much like the Cascades, although the
aasten mountains are lower and less rugged than those found in the Cascade
spine. The two areas, the northern Cascades and the Okanogan Highlands,
may be considered together for purposes of describing certain aspects
f the mineral industry of Washington. Within these rocks which occupy
the northeast quadrant of the state, mineralization is far greater than
in other sectors. Northeastern Washington, including only the counties of
Pena Oreille, Stevens, Ferry, eastern Okanogan, and northern Spokane,
comprises less than 15 percent of the state's area, but accounts for over
-------
A-259
90 percent of the metallic mineral production. The counties of Pend,
Oreille, Stevens, and Ferry, are particularly noteworthy for their
metal production. This is readily apparent from the following county by
county tabulation of Washington State's mineral production. The tabulation
also shows that except within these counties and King County (Cascade mines
east of Seattle) there is currently no metal mining activity in Washington.
There are metallic mineral prospects elsewhere (eg. manganese and mercury
occurrences in the Olympich Mountains) which have not been and are currently
not being exploited.
The nonmetailic mineral extraction in Washington is from every
county and as shown in Table A-85, is principally stone, sand and gravel.
Of greatest interest to this study, however, is the olivine and talc
production from Skagit County. As shown on Figure A-67, the northeast
quadrant of Washington has many occurrences of the metamorphosed minerals --
the several asbestiform minerals, talc, soapstone, etc. -- and those in
Skagit County are commercially exploited. The tabulations of Table A-86, which
are number keyed to Figure A-67, describe the locations and the mineral
occurrence for selected sites. In Skagit County, the olivine production is from
relatively fresh and massive dunite, alteration to serpentine being observed
only at the edges of the deposit. A very little chrysotile asbestos is
known from this area although it is believed to not be much encountered in
the production of the olivine rock. The talc and soapstone production is
from deposits in a complex of greenschist derived from mafic volcanic rocks,
and of serpentine. Both the schist and the serpentine have been metamorphosed
by intrusive granodiorite of pre-Carboniferous age. Undoubtedly, some of
the talc produced is intermixed with amphibole minerals (e.g. tremolite)
from this site which is mineralogically favorable for its occurrence.
Areas which are favorable for the genesis and occurrence of the
asbestiform minerals are widely found in the northeast quadrant of Washington.
As previously mentioned, they occur in association with the olivine (some
extent) and talc (to a greater extent) production in Skagit County. Else-
where in the metallic mineral-producing counties, they are likely to be
encountered in association with the mineralized rock bodies wherever contact
.netamorphosed rock is being worked, commonly in King, Ferry, Stevens, and
Pend Oreille Counties.
-------
A-260
The principal mineral producers in the state of Washington are
listed in Table A-87.
Source References
(2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
1962, USGS Map MR-17.
(3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W.
Washington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(223) Geologic Map of Washington, M. T. Hunting, et al., 1961, Washington
Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Olympia.
Washington 98501.
(224) Geologic Map of Washington, A. E. Weissenborn, 1969, USGS Map 1-583.
(225) Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part I, Nonmetallic Minerals,
Vol. 1 Text, Vol. 2 maps, G. M. Valentine and M. T. Hunting, 1960;
Part II, Metallic Minerals, Vol. 1 text, Vol. 2 Maps, M. T. Hunting,
1956, Washington Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and
' Geology, Olympia, Washington 98501,
(226) Mineral and Water Resources of Washington, A. E. Weissenborn, et al.,
1966, Senate Document, Washington Division of Mines and Geology
Reprint No. 9, Olympia, Washington 98501.
(227) The Mineral Industry of Washington, R. A. Whitman, 1971, U.S.
Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-261
Table A-85.
Value of mineral production in Washington, by county
(Thousands)
County
1970 1971
Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value
Adams W W
Asotin J13 $2
Benton W W
Chelan W 340
Clallam 659 1,360
Clark W W
Columbia W W
Cowlitz 883 449
Douglas W W
Ferry W W
Franklin W W
Garfield 630 W
Grant 2.702 2,789
Grays Harbor 1,308 1,049
Island W W
Jefferson W W
King 24,363 21,729
Kitsap W W
Kittitas W 226
Klickitat 483 W
Lewis W W
Lincoln 148 W
Mason 826 217
Okanogan 489 W
Pacific 321 766
Pend Oreille W 9,090
Pierce W 6,265
San Juan W W
Skagit 1.432 1,913
Skamania W W
Snohomiah 5,375 3,299
Spokane W 2,965
Stevens W 6,619
Thurston W W
Wahkiakum W 1
Walla Walla 453 407
Whatcom W W
Whitman 1.375 1.458
Yakima W 2.257
Undistributed" 49,964 32,421
Sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Stone, clays, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Stone.
Stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Sand and gravel, clays.
Gold, silver, stone, copper, lead.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Stone.
DiatomiU, lime, stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Do.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Cement, sand and gravel, stone, coal, clays, peat, copper, silver, gold.
Sand and gravel, stone, peat.
Stone, clays, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Coal, sand and gravel, stone, clays.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone, peat.
Stone, sand and gravel, gypsum.
Stone.
Cement, zinc, lead, atone, sand and gravel, silver, copper, gold.
Sand and gravel, lime, stone, clays, peat.
Sand and gravel.
Olivine, sand and gravel, stone, talc.
Stone, sand and gravel, pumice.
Sand and gravel, stone, peat, clays.
Sand and gravel, stone, clays, peat.
Uranium, stone, sand and gravel, clays, lead, gold, silver, copper,
zinc, abrasives.
Sand and gravel, stone, peat.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Cement, sand and gravel, stone, clays.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel, lime.
Total' 90,922 94,601
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed."
' Includes value of mineral production that cannot be assigned to specific counties and values indicated by
symbol W.
t Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
OLYMPIC
MOUNTAINS
SAN JUAN
LOWLANDS/CASCADE MOUNTAINS
Eastern
5
PEND
By xiOREILLE
EVEN
3)iX5>v:S:;:;:;:;
OKANOGANHIGLANDS
CLALLAM
JEFFERSON
X
Spokane
SPOKANE
GRAYS\
HARBOR^
\ \
V
ADAMS
COLUMBIA BASIN
WHITMAN
Olympia
THURSTON
5 PI ERCE aES^^ifftiHiJfe
FRANKLIN
mmmm^^ Y A K i M A
WAKKIAKUM
WALLA
WALLA /:*£:::
COWLITE;:;
COAST
RANGE
SKAMANIA
0 20 40
Miles
BLUE
MOUNTAINS
Asbestos occurrences
Talc and soapstone occurrences
FIGURE A-67. METAMORPHIC ROCK OCCURRENCE IN WASHINGTON
-------
A-2 63
TABLE A-86. METAMORPHIC ROCK OCCURRENCE IN WASHINGTON
Asbestiform Materials
WIIATCOM COUNTY
]. N:une: Skyline Rid«e. Loc: Asbestos is reported
on Skyline Ridge between Mount Shuksan and
Twin Lakes. Details unknown.
2. Name: Twin Sisters. Loc: NE'/iSW'A sec. 36, (37-
GE). Dcscr: Vcinluts of cross-fiber serpentine as-
b'-iEtos less llian v'i in. thick. Value: Commercial
quantity not obvious.
SKAGIT COUNTY
3. Name: Oyster Creek. Loc: Irregular zone extends
from near mouth of Oyster Creek to vicinity of
Samish Laki.:. Dcscr: Schists lying just S. of bound-
ary of Chuckanut formation arc reported to con-
tain amphibolc asbestos. Value: Not known.
4. Name: Burlington. Loc: Hill just N. of Burlington
in N'/2 sec. 32, (35-4E). Dcscr: Somewhat fibrous
sonpslone-actinolitc mixture developed in shear
zones cutting greenstone. Value: Asbestos-Talc
Products Co. mined this material. It was ground,
mixed with imported asbestos, and used in special
cements.
5. Name: Scott. Loc: WVzEVfe sec. 27, (36-5E). Dcscr:
.Awpltibole asbestos having fine white silky fibers
up to 3 in. long, which are particularly flexible and
strong for this kind of asbestos. Value: Possibly
commercial; occurrence small.
6. Name: Lyman. Loc: Near Hamilton, across Skagit
River from Lyman. Dcscr: Said to be long fibered
and of good quality. Value: A small amount has
been shipped.
SNOIIOMISII COUNTY
7. Name: Clear Creek. Loc: Near headwaters of
Clear Creek in sec. 3, (30-9E). Dcscr: Serpentine
dike, 30 to 150 ft. wide, exposed to depth of 75 ft.,
contains talcose asbestos. Value: Further investi-
gations warranted.
8. Name: Bedal Creek. Loc: On Bcdal Creek in sec.
35, (30-1 IE). Dcscr: Slip-fiber asbestos of low grade
icportedly occurs as stringers and lenses, 1 in. or
loss in thickness, cutting quartz dioritc, gneiss, and
schist. Value: Not known
9. Nnmc: Florence Rne prospect. Loc: On Florence
Rae property in sec. 27, (29-10E). Ucr.cr: Veins of
cross-fiber asbestos, 1A in. or lets thick, cutting
through a body of pcridotitc. Value: Observed
quantity be-low commercial grade. '
10. Name: Mackinaw pn,r.pr.'ct.- Loc: At Mackinaw
pror.pect in sec. 19, (29-11E). Dcscr: Small amount
of slip-fiber asbestos in serpentine of nickel pros-
pect. Value: Quantity small.
C1IELAN COUNTY
11. Name: Stehekin River. Loc: In bed of a tributary
to the Stehekin River, 6 mi. upstream from Lake
Chelan. Dcscr: Reportedly a "ledge" of blue-white,
long-fiber asbestos 5 to 25 ft. wide. Value: Un-
known.
12. Name: Williams Creek. Loc: On Williams (Rag-
ing) Creek, 9 mi. by trail from Chiwawa River
road, a showing of asbestos is reported high on the
mountain. Another report states that asbestos is
exposed in two tunnels, one at an altitude of 3,400
ft. and the other at 4,200 ft. Dcscr: Said to occur
along hanging walls of veins of siliceous asbesti-
form material. Probably amphibole ua'ucstos.
Value: Unknown.
13. Name: Goose Creek. Loc: NWVi sec. 18, (27-17E),
at Goose Creek camp ground. Descr: Antho-
phyllite in felty masses and veins in a ledge 50
ft. square on N. bank of Goose Creek. Value: Un-
known.
13A. Name: Deep Creek. Loc: Sec. 19, (27-18E), be-
tween Deep Creek and Goose Creek. Descr:
Chrysotile asbestos reported. Value: Unknown.
13B. Name: Nason Ridge. Loc: In road cut in SVfeNVfe
sec. 32, (27-17E), on SE. slope of Nason Ridge.
Dcscr: Anthophyllite in boulders as large as 10 ft.
by 20 ft., not in place but probably have not trav-
eled far. Value: Unknown.
13C. Name: Trout Creek. Loc: Near center sec. 6, (24-
16E), at intersection of Trout Creek and Jack Creek
trails. Descr: Chrysotile reported. Value: Un-
known. >
13D. Name: Trout Lake. Loc: Sec. 19, (24-16E), near
Trout Lake. Dcscr: Anthophyllite in serpentine.
Chrysotile reported nearby. Value: Unknown.
13E. Name: Mill Creek. Loc: SEV4 sec. 30, (24-18E).
Dcscr: Anthophyllite in serpentine. Value: Un-
known.
14. Name: Chumstick Mountain. Loc: On drumstick
Mountain in sec. 27, (15-19E). Dcscr: Antho-
phyllite occurs as a vein less than 1 ft. wide in
biotite gneiss. Value: Exposed by shallow pit.
Insufficient quantity for commercial development.
15. Name: Swakane Canyon (may be same as Chum-
stick Mountain occurrence). Loc: In Swakane
Canyon on property of Rafter and Bousquct Log-
ging Co. IJcii-r: Short-fiber anthophyllite. Value:
Quantity and quality not known.
-------
A-264
TABLE A-86 (continued)
16. Name: Burch Mountain. Loc: Reported on W.
slope Burch Mountain. Dcscr: Said to be in three
"ledges" from 1 to 11 in. wide and of good fiber.
Value: Unknown.
17. Name: Icicle Creek. Loc: Said to occur on Icicle
Creek near Lcavc-nworth. Dcscr: Unknown. Value:
No production reported, but some development
work done.
18. Name: Ingalls Creek. Loc: Reported on high ridge
N. of Ingalls Creek a few miles from its mouth.
Dcscr: Said to be of long fiber. Value: Unknown.
19. Name: Pcshastin Creek. Loc: Sec. 14, (22-17E).
Dcscr: Networks of tiny vcinlcts of cross-fiber as-
bestos in serpentine. Value: Low grade and short
fibcrcd.
OKANOGAN COUNTY
20. Name: Alta Lake. Loc: 6 mi. SW. of Pateros and
1 mi. from Alta Lake. Dcscr: Large lenses of
short-fiber amphibcle asbestos. Valun: Was for-
merly mined and shipped to Asbeslomine Co. in
Wenatchee, where it was used in the manufacture
of cold-water paint.
21. Name: Twisp. Loc: Old report mentions asbestos
14 mi. SW. of Twisp. Dcscr: Said to bo large de-
posit of .silky while long-fiber asbestos 400 ft. wide
and traceable for 2,500 ft. Value: Unknown.
22. Name: Ivanhoe prospect. Loc: Reported at Ivan-
hoe prospect in SWJ/4 sec. 16, (39-26E). Dcscr: Said
to be "20 ft. down on 60-ft. ledge." Value: Un-
known.
FERRY COUNTY
23. Name: Hardscrabble Mountain. Loc: Reported on
Hardscrabblc Mountain in NW3/4 T. 38 N., R. 32 E
Descr: Said to be a 4-ft. vein of radiating tremolitei
Value: Unknown.
24. Name: California prospect. Loc: Reported at Ca
ifornia prospect in SWttSWVi sec. 20, (36-34E
Dcscr: Serpentine asbestos. Value: Unknow;
STEVEN'S COUNTY
25. Name: Laurier. Loc: E. of Laurier in sees. 1 ai
12, (40-36E) and sees. 6 and 7, (40-37E). Dcscr: Th
masses of white asbestos along fractures in serpe
tine. Value: Low grade and of short fiber.
26. Name: Stranger Creek. Loc: NWViNE^ sec. i
(34-38E). Descr: Fibrous radiating tremolite i
terbedded with dolomite throughout a thickm
of 1,000 ft. Value: Warrants investigation.
27. Name: Chewelah. Loc: 8 mi. E. of Chewelah,
Descr: Said to be a 5-ft. vein. Value: Unknown,
28. Name: Boundary Butte. Loc: Prospect hole
SWJ/4NWy4 sec. 21, (29-37E). Descr: Fibrous r»
ating Iremolite occurs in a bed of altered dolom
4 ft. thick. Value: Warrants investigation.
FEND ORK1LLE COUNTY
29. Name: Mctalinc area. Loc: Mines in Metali
district. Descr: Paligorskite occurs as shec
along joints associated with the lead and zinc on
Value: Quantity small.
30. Name: Coffin prospect. Loc: Sec. 16, (38-42S),
Descr: Small veinlets of serpentine asbestos less
than Yi in. thick cut across diopside and serpentine
Value: Fibers too short to be of value.
-------
A-2 65
TABLE .A-86 (continued)
Talc and Soapstone
EKAOIT COUNTY
*1. Name: Skagil. Talc Products. Loc: NWVoNWtt
sec. 14, (36-11E). Dcscr: Lar^p tonnage of ex-
cellent soapstono. containing sonic- high-grade talc.
Value: Formerly used extensively fur f in n act-
blocks. Currently ground for insecticide ba.se
and cut into dimension blocks for carving, ttc.
Steel-marking pencils are nirde on demand. Cer-
tain portions of the deposit have been found to
be usable as steatite or lava laic.
2. Name: Alvard. Loc: Near SW. cor. sec. 15, (36-
11E). Dcscr: Large quantity of soapstone and re-
portedly a larjje quantity of talc. Quality low-
ered somewhat by ankerile. inclusions. Value:
Recently operated by Skagit Alineral Products
Co., Inc. Later leased by William Soren, owner
of Skagit Talc Products. "
*2A. Name: Rainbow. Loc: Sec. 15, (36-11E). Dcscr:
Soapstone. Value: Current limited production by
Scheel Olivine, Inc., Mount Vernon.
*3. Name: McMyrl-Wilson. Loc: NE»/4 sec. 21, (36-
11E). Descr: Pale green soapstone and talc in
bodies as much as 10 ft. wide. Value: Dimension
soapstone cut for refractory use at one time. Re-
cently quarried by Northwest Talc & Magne-
sium Co., Clearlakc, Wash.
*3A. Name: Dad's Girl claim. Loc: NJ/2 sec. 21, (36-
11E), on hill above McMyrl-Wilson adit. Descr:
Soapstone body 20 ft. wide exposed for 75 ft.
Talc itself is good grade but contains ankcrite
inclusions. Value: Currently operated by Skanit
Talc Products, Scdro Woolley, Wash.
4. Name: Scott. Loc: SW|/4SEJ/4 sec. 27, (36-5E).
Descr: Largely serpenlinizcd schists, but some arc
talcose. One lens of soapstone 3 to 4 in. thick.
Value: Exposed quantity too small for commer-
cial use.
5. Name: Alger. Loc: Reported in SEViNE'/i sec. 15,
(3C-4E). Dcscr: Unknown. Value: Unknown.
i
6. Name: Lyman. Loc: S% sec. 30, (35-6E). Dcscr:
Rubbery bluish-white talcose clay. Value: Talc
content and peculiar physical properties might
prove to be of value.
•7. Name: Londonderry. Loc: SW'/iSE'/iSE'/i sec.
1C, (35-1 IE). Dcscr: Soapslone deposit, in part
nearly pure talc, exposed in body 70 to 100 ft.
wide for a length of 200 ft. Enclosed in schist.
Value: Recently operated by National Talc Co.,
Seattle, and currently operated by Herman Smith,
Marblemount, Wash.
*8. Nnnic: Sadie Cudworth. Loc: Near SE. cor. sec.
21, (35-12E). Dcscr: Soapstone crops out for 1,000
ft. along the road, thickness unknown. Value:
Quarried in 1953-1954 by J. L. Pape, Rockport,
Wash.
*9. Name: Clear Lake. Loc: Sees. 16 and 17, (34-5E).
Descr: Serpentine and schist in which are lenses
of high-quality talc. Value: Currently quarried
by Northwest Talc & Magnesium Co., ground in
its plant at Clearlake, and sold for agricultural
use and as a diluent in insecticides.
YAKIMA COUNTY
10. Name: Miller. Loc: Unknown. Descr: Sample of
good talc sent to the Division of Mines and Ge-
ology by George Miller, Granger, Wash. Value:
Unknown. *
CHELAN COUNTY
11. Name: White River. Loc: Soapstone reported on
White River NW. of Wenatchee Lake. Descr:
Sample from there of fair quality. Value: Un-
known.
12. Name: Williams Creek. Loc: On Williams (Rag-
ing) Creek, 9 mi. by trail from the Chiwawa River
road. Descr: Soapstone associated with asbestos.
Value: Warrants investigation.
13. Name: Ruth. Loc: Sec. 2, (26-15E). Dcscr: A 5-
to 8-ft. ledge of soapstone in biotite gneiss. Value:
Not promising.
14. Name: Entiat. Loc: Sec. 32, (26-20E). Descr:
Talc zone in gneiss 20 to 30 ft. wide, 2,000 ft. long,
and 500 ft. high. Value: Warrants investigation.
15. Name: Tumwater Canyon. Loc: On a hillside
close to the highway about 5 mi. NW. of Leaven-
worth, probably in sec. 21, (25-17E). Descr:
Steeply dipping thick tabular body of soapstone
in contact with biotite schist. Value: Warrants
investigation.
16. Name: Roaring Creek. Loc: Sec. 8, (25-20E).
Dcscr: Soapstone 50 ft. wide, 500 ft. long, and 500
ft. high. Value: Warrants investigation.
17. Name: Lockwood & Cole. Loc: Sec. 24, (25-20E)
and sec. 18, (25-21E). Dcscr: Soapstone 30 to 50 ft.
wide, 1,000 ft. long, and 500 ft. high. Value: War-
rants investigation.
-------
A-266
TABLE A-86 (continued)
OKANOGAN COUNTY
18. Name: Kaaba-Texas mine. Loc: Sees. 15 and 23,
(40-25E). Dcscr: Reportedly crystalline talc as
much as 18 in. thick on the hanging wall of the
vein. Value: Unknown, but should be investi-
gated.
19. Name: Johnson Creek. Loc: S. center sec. 32, (35-
26E). Descr: Basic igneous rock has altered to ser-
pentine, talc, and associate minerals. A 1-in. vein
of high-grade talc exposed in an old open cut.
Value: Exposed quantity not commercial.
*
FERRY COUNTY
20. Name: Republic. Loc: Road cut in sec. 20, (36-
34E). Descr: Shear zone in schist carries consid-
erable talc. In the same cut talc is 3 to 4 ft. thick
along a felsite-serpentine contact. Value: War-
rants investigation.
STEVENS COUNTY
21. Name: Firmenhac. Loc: Wy2SWV4 sec. 15, (30-
38E). Dcscr: Slate, quartzite, and dolomite cut
by basic dikes. Dolomite has altered to good-
quality talc, which forms a 3-ft. vein exposed for
50 ft. Value: Several tons mined, but none known
to have been shipped.
22. Name: C. F. Allen. Loc: NWV4 sec. 21, (30-38E).
Descr: Talcose serpentinized schist. Value: War-
rants investigation.
LINCOLN COUNTY
23. Name: C. W. Capps (Mondovi). Loc: W%NWV4
sec. 34, (27-38E). Dcscr: Talc of fair grade occurs
in calcareous schist. It averages 5 ft. in width
over a distance of several hundred feet. Value:
Talc formerly ground and shipped to paper mills.
24. Name: Travis farm. L.OC: MEy4 sec. 6, (24-39E).
Descr: Argillaceous quartzite and talc schist near
granite intrusives. Value: Warrants investigation.
PEND OREILLE COUNTY
25. Name: Totem Gulch. Loc: Sec. 23 or 26, (39-44E),
in Totem Gulch on Sullivan Mountain. Descr:
Deposit of exceptionally pure talc reported in
road cut. Value: Unknown.
-------
A-267
TABLE A-87 PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN WASHINGTON
Commodity and company
Address
Type of activity
County
NONMETALS
Cement:
Columbia Cement Co.
Ideal Cement Co., Div. of Ideal
Basic Industries, Inc
Lehigh Portland Cement Co.'
Lone Star Cement Corp.
Clays:
Chehalia Brick & Tile Co.
Cl« Elum Cement Products, Inc..
R. L. Fleshman
Hidden Brick Co
Jim Hoy Co
Ideal Cement Co., Div. of Ideal
Basic Industries, Inc
Interpace Corp
Lind Gravel Co
Lowell Brick Co
Mutual Materials Co..
Wenatchee Silica Sand.
Dtatomite:
Kenite Corp
Gypsum:
Kaiser Gypsum Co., Inc.
Lime:
Domtar Chemicals Ltd..
Ollvine:
Northwest International.
Marietta Road, P.O. Box 37
Bellingham, Wash. 98225
420 Ideal Cement Bldg.
Denver, Colo. 80202
718 Hamilton St.
Allentown, Pa. 18105
P.O. Box 2047
Seattle, Wash. 98111
P.O. Box 868
Chehalis, Wash. 98532
P.O. Box 336
Cle Elum, Wash. 98922
2804 Spirit Lake Highway
Castle Rock, Wash. 98611
2610 Kauffman Ave.
Vancouver, Wash. 98660
1757 W. Bakervlew Road
Bellingham, Wash. 98225
420 Ideal Cement Bldg.
Denver, Colo. 80202
2901 Los Feliz Blvd.
Loa Angeles, Calif. 90039
1530 State St.
Bellingham, Wash. 98225
Box 3005
Everett, Wash. 98201
P.O. Box 3547
Seattle, Wash. 98124
Box 1668
Wenatchee, Wash. 98801
2 Overhlll Road,
Overhill Building
Scaredale, N.Y. 10583
300 Lakeside Drive
Oakland, Calif. 94612
Tacoma, Wash. 98421
Plant..
do.
....do.
....do.
Pit and plant
do
Pit
Pit and plant
Pit
Pit and plant
8 pita and plants.
2 pita and plants.
Pit and plant
Pit
Pit and plant
do
Pit
Whatcom.
King.
Pend Oreille..
King.
Lewis.
Klttitas.
Cowlitr.
Clark.
Whatcom.
Clallam.
King.
Spokane.
Stevens.
Whatcom.
Snohomish.
King, Pierce.
Douglas.
Mine and plant. . Grant.
Plant King.
Olivine Corp.
Pumice and pumldte:
W. L. Marenakoa Co.
Weyerhaeuser Co..
Roofing granules:
Northwest Talc & Magnesium Co..
Sand and gravel:
Ace Concrete Co
329 Kincaid
Mount Vernon, Wash. 98273
1016 Hilton
Bellingham, Wash. 98225
Rt. 1, Box 921
Issaquah, Wash. 98027
Longview, Wash. 98632.
Associated Sand & Gravel Co. Inc.
Cadman Gravel Co
Central Pre-Mix Concrete
P.O. Box 824
Clear Lake, Wash. 98235
N. 302 Park Road
Dishman, Wash. 99206
6300 Glenwood Ave.
Everett, Wash. 98202
Redmond, Wash. 98052.
805 N. Division St.
Spokane, Wash. 99202
do
Mine and plant..
do
Plant
do
do
Pit and plant
do
-do.
-do.
DeAtley Corp.*
Friday Harbor Sand & Gravel
Glacier Sand & Gravel Co
I
Klineline Sand & Gravel Co
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
Lakeside Gravel Co., Inc
Miles Sand & Gravel
North Kitsap Gravel Asphalt Co.'.
North Star Sand & Gravel Corp...
Olympia Oil & Wood
Pacific Sand & Gravel Co
Quigg Bros. McDonald, Ine
Reid Sand & Gravel Co
Stoneway Concrete, Inc.
D. A. Sullivan Co.«
S & S Sand & Gravel Co.1.
Ray Weist Construction Co.'.
Woodworth & Co., Inc
Yakima Cement Products Co.
Silicon carbide:
The Carborundum Co
Box 648
Lewiston, Idaho 83501
Box 8
Bellingham, Wash. 98226
5975 E. Marginal Way
Seattle, Wash. 98134
1112 N.E. Hazel Dell St.
Vancouver, Wash. 98665
Box 7. Bellevue, Wash. 98004 do.
Box 130, Auburn, Wash. 98002 do.
Rt. 2, Box 305 do.
Poulsbo, Wash. 98370
Box 398, Everett, Wash. 98036. do..
State and Washington Sts. do.
Olympia, Wash. 98501
Box 699, Centralia, Wash. 98581 do.
1500 Riverside Ave. do.
Hoquiara. Wash. 98550
Box 922 do.
Bellevue, Wash. 98004
Box 509, Renton, Wash. 98005 do.
Park-water Station, Box 37 do.
Spokane, Wash. 99211
Box 938 do.
Ephrata, Wash. 98828
Box 191, Yakima, Wash. 98901 do.
1200 East D St. do.
Tacoma, Wash. 98421
1202 S. First St. do.
Yakima, Wash. 98901
Pierce.
Skagit.
Do.
Kittltas.
Skamanls,
Skagit.
Spokane.
Snohomish.
King.
Spokane,
Adams,
Franklin.
Various.
San Juan.
King, Pierce.
Clark.
King.
Do.
Kitaap.
Snohomish.
Thurston.
Lewis.
Grays Harbor.
King.
Do.
Various.
Do.
Yakima.
Pierce.
Yakima.
P.O. Box 423
Niagara Falls, N.Y. 14302
Plant Clark.
-------
A-268
TABLE A-87 (continued)
Commodity mnd company Address Type ot activity County
Stone:
Associated Sand & Gravel Co., Inc. 6300 Glen wood Ave. Quarry and plant. Skagit.
Everett. Waah. 98202 Snohomish.
Carl Carbon, Inc Box 5153 N. Central Station do.. Spokane.
Spokane, Wash. 99205 Whitman.
Cascade Asphalt Paving Co.* 6328 S. Tacoma Way do Pierce.
Tacoma, Wash. 98409
Columbia Cement Co Marietta Road do Whateom.
Bellingham, Wash. 98225
Crow Rock Products 1384 Walenla Drive do Whitman.
Moscow, Idaho 83843
General Construction Co Box 3845 do Jefferson.
Seattle, Wash. 98124
Roy L. Houck Sons 1158 Chemeketa N.E. do . Lewis, Various.
Salem, Oreg. 97301
Lehigh Portland Cement Co 718 Hamilton St. do Pend Oreille.
Allentown. Pa. 18105
Lockheed Shipbuilding & 12020 E. Marshall Way do King.
Construction. Seattle. Wash. 98168
MaterneBros Box 0—Rosewood Station do Various.
Spokane, Wash. 99208
Stoen Construction Co 2210 E. 95th St. do Snohomlsh.
Seattle. Wash. 98116
Umpqua River Navigation Co 2280 Oakmont Way do Clark.
Eugene, Oreg. 97401
Vinnell-Mannix-Fuller-Dillingham- Star Route do. Whitman.
Pomeroy, Wash. 99347
R. Wamberg Construction Co 7404 S. Tacoma Way do Grays Harbor.
Tacoma, Wash. 98408
Weyerhaeuser Co Longview, Wash. 98682 do CowllU, Lewis.
Pacific.
Sulfuric acid:
American Smelting and Refining Co Box 1605 Smelter Pierce.
Tacoma. Wash. 98401
Talc and soapstone:
Northwest Tale A Magnesium Co. Clearlake, Wash 98235 Quarry Skagit.
Herman Smith Marblemount, Wash. 9H267 do Do.
Venniculite (exfoliated):
Vermiculite-Northwest, Inc P.O. Box A Plant... Spokane.
Auburn, Waah. 98002
METALS
Aluminum:
Aluminum Company of America.. Vancouver, Wash. 98600 do Clark.
Wenatchee, Wash. 98801 do Chelan.
Intalco Aluminum Corp Bellingham, Wash. 98225 do Whatcom.
Kaiser Aluminum £ Chemical Corp Spokane, Wash. 99200 do Spokane.
Tacoma, Wash. 98400 do Pierce.
Reynolds Metals Co Longview, Wash. 98632 do Cowlitx.
Copper:
American Smelting and Refining Co Box 1605 Smelter Pierce.
Tacoma, Wash. 98401
Pend Oreille Mines & Metals Co.. 923 Old National Bank Bldg. Mine and mill Pend Oreille.
Spokane, Wash. 99201
Ferroalloys:
Foot* Mineral Co Wenatehee. Wash. 98801 Plant Douglas.
Ohio Ferro-Alloys Corp Tacoma, Wash. 98400 do Pierce.
Gold:
Knob Hill Mines, Inc 160 Sansome St. Mine and mill Ferry.
San Francisco. Calif. 94104
Lead-zinc:
Pend Oreille Mines & Metals Co.. 923 Old National Bank Bldg do Pend Oreflle.
Spokane, Wash. 99201
Steel:
Bethlehem Steel Co., Pacific Coast Seattle, Wash. 98134 Plant King.
Division.
Northwest Steel Rolling Mills, Inc do ..do Do.
Zinc:
American Smelting and Refining Co Wallace. Idaho 83873 Mine and mill Stevens.
MINERAL FUELS
Coal:
Black Prince Coal Co Rt. 2, Box 59 Mine Lewis.
Centralia, Wash. 98531
Palmer Coking Coal Co., Inc P.O. Box 8 do King.
Black Diamond, Wash. 98010
Peat:
Cunningham Sand & Gravel Co., N. 6315 Cedar St. Bog Spokane.
Inc. Spokane, Wash. 99208
Harbor Heights Humus Co Gig Harbor, Wash. 98335 Bog Pierce.
Maple Valley Humus Renton, Wash. 98055 Bog King.
Plant Food Co Bothell, Wash. 98011 Bog Snohomish.
Petroleum refining:
Mobil Oil Corp Ferndale. Wash. 98248.. Refinery Whatcom.
Shell Oil Co Anacortes, Wash. 98221 do Skagit.
Sound Refining, Inc Tacoma, Wash. 98400 do Pierce.
Texaco. Inc Anacortes. Wash. 9H221 do Skagit.
Union Oil Co. of California Edmonds, Wash. 98020 do Snohombh.
U.S. Oil & Refining Co Tacoma. Wash. 98400 do Pierce.
> Also clay.
1 Also traprock.
1 Also sand and gravel.
-------
A-269
West Virginia
Cambrian, Ordovician, and a few Silurian age formations are
regionally metamorphosed in the far eastern counties of West Virginia
as shown in Figure A-68. The two counties where the metamorphic rocks
are exposed are Berkeley and Jefferson Counties. The mineral extraction
activities of these counties are confined to the quarrying of clays and
limestone - limestone only in Jefferson County. Sandstone, sand and gravel
are recovered in adjacent Morgan County.
Dolomites, limestones, shales, and sandstones predominate in the
Siburian Ordovician, and upper Cambrian formations of Berkeley and Jefferson
Countieso Along the Maryland border, the Cambrian Catoctin Formation is
predominantly a greenstone. Basic lava flows, schist and gneiss, containing
chlorite, plagioclose, amphibolite, and epidote are found as well as minor
quantities of arkose and thin calstics. Fibrous amphibole minerals are not
reported. Precambrian crystalline rocks form the basement beneath the Paleozoic
sedimentary section in this area. The mineral production of West Virginia
is summarized in Table A-88.
Reference Sources
(1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, USGS Map 1-724.
(228) Mineral Industry of West Virginia, R. E. Harris, 1971, Preprint Minerals
Yearbook.•
(229) West Virginia Mineral Producer's Directory, 1973.
(230) Geologic Map of West Virginia, D. G. Cardwell, et al., 1968.
-------
BERKELEY
JEFFERSON
>
I
N>
^J
O
rXX/1 Metamorphic rocks
0 10 20 30 40
Miles
-------
A-271
Table A -88. Value of mineral production in
West Virginia, by county 1
(Thousands)
County
Harbour
Ii(-rkcley
Hoone
Braxton
Brooke
Cabell
Clay
Fayette
Gilmcr ;..
Grant
Groenbrier
Hancock
Hardy
Harrison
Jackson
Jefferson
Kanawha
Lewis
Lincoln
Logan
McDowell
Marion
Marshall
Mason
Mercer
Mineral
Mingo _ _
Monongalia
Monroe
Morgan
Nicholas
Ohio
Pcndleton
Pleasanto
Pocahontas
Preston
Raleigh
Randolph
Roane...
Summers
Taylor
Tucker —
Tyler
Upshur
Wayne
Webster
Wetzel
Wirt
Wood
Wyoming
Undistributed'
1970
$27,839
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
498
W
5,244
5.173
43
W
W
W
W
2.272
W
118,303
191,149
61,428
W
W
W
W
16,823
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
209
1.329
W
W
4,884
W
2,448
W
W
110,569
737,150
1971
$25,171
W
85,972
W
W
W
883
46,790
620
14,523
7.360
W
43
W
W
W
W
W
W
113,177
192,372
54,983
W
W
11,052
W
28,514
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
7,845
W
1,622
W
W
2,525
W
680,505
Minerals produred in 1971 in ordrr of value
Coal.
Cement, stone, lime, clays.
Coal.
Stone, coal.
Coal, sand and gravel.
Clays.
Coal.
Do.
Do.
Coal, stone.
Do.
Sand and gravel, clays.
Stone.
Coal, stone.
Stone.
Stone, lime.
Coal, atone.
Do.
Stone, clays.
Coal.
Do.
Do.
Coal, salt.
Coal, sand and gravel.
Coal.
Coal, stone.
Coal.
Coal, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Coal, aand and gravel.
Coal.
Stone, lime.
Sand and gravel.
Stone, coal.
Coal, stone.
bo.
Do.
Stone.
Coal, clays.
Coal, stone.
Sand and gravel, salt.
Coal.
Coal, stone.
Coal.
Sand and gravel.
Stone.
Sand and gravel.
Coal, sand and gravel.
Total1 1.285.364 1.273.960
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; Included with "Undistributed."
1 Calhoun, Doddridge, Hampshire, Putnam, and Ritchie Counties are not listed because no production was
reported.
* includes gem stones, natural gas, natural gas liquids, and petroleum that cannot be assigned to specific
counties, and values indicated by symbol W.
1 Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-272
Wisconsin
The northern counties of Wisconsin have extensive Precambrian
rock exposures as shown in Figure A-69. The map also shows the location
of the more intense metamorphism within the Precambrian age formations.
In the northern counties of Douglas, Bayfield, Ashland, and Iron, Keeweenawan
rocks of middle to late Precambrian age are mainly sedimentary and volcanics
in contact with intrusive and extrusive rocks. The Gogelic Iron Range is
the southern extent of this rock division. Further to the south, the rock
districts are named Barren, Butternut-Conover, Rhinelander, Florence, and
Mountain-Amberg areas. These contain metasedimentary rocks and granite of
early to maybe late Precambrian age. The most southern rocks of Precambrian
age (Black River Falls - Neillsville, Wausau-Wisconsin Rapids, and Tigerton
districts) are mainly a complex of extrusive and intrusive rocks with metasedi-
mentary rocks present locally. These rocks also are believed to be of middle
Precambrian age.
The Keeweenawan rocks are notabale for their copper prospects, chiefly
in Polk, Burnett, Douglas, and Bayfield Counties. The Keeweenawan rocks contain
both native copper and copper sulphides at many places but their economic
potential is not known. Elsewhere in the Precambrian districts, copper prospects
occur in Rusk, Marathon, and Marinette Counties -- Kennecott Copper Corporation
is actively evaluating their prospect in Rusk County.
Currently, there are no iron recovery operations from the Gogebic Range.
Extensive iron formations occur in these rocks and to the south in the Butternut-
Conover district, (southern Ashland and Iron Counties as well as northern Price
County). However, the only iron now being worked in Wisconsin is from the Black
P-'.ver Falls-Neillsville district in Jackson County. Here the Jackson County Iron
Compan> (30 West Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603), a subsidiary of
..nland Steel Company, is outputting considerable tonnages of taconite pellets.
The mine, about 6 miles east of Black River Falls, is in a quartz-hematite-
magnetite formation associated with a quartz-biotite-chlorite-garnet schist.
Nearby, there are outcrops of Precambrian granite, granite gneiss, gabbro,
and other rocks. The fibrous amphibole minerals are not reported from this
operation but it is a likely site for their occurrence.
-------
A-273
40 Miles
Exposed
Precambrian
Zones of Increasing
Metamorphism
FIGURE A-69. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN WISCONSIN
-------
A-274
The ShulLsberg mine in Lafayette County is the single remaining
zinc-lead producer in Wisconsin. This mine is owned and operated by Eagle-
Picher Industries, Incorporated (P.O. Box 406, Galena, Illinois 61036).
The zinc mineralization in Lafayette, Grant, and Iowa Counties is of course,
a part of the same mineralization occurring in the Ordovician rock of Jo
Davies County, northern Illinois. The rock formations in these southern
Wisconsin counties are limestones and dolomites which were probably mineralized
at the time of the Wisconsin Arch uplift.
The nonmetallics being produced in Wisconsin are principally stone,
sand and gravel. Production of these commodities is virtually from every
county. Details of the rock types being worked are not available. Presumably
there may well be operations from the metamorphic rock areas, since these are
so widespread. There are no reports of production from rock containing the
fibrous amphibole minerals although it is believed that these minerals could
be encountered since ultramafic rocks are prevalent in several areas. In
Marinette County (in the Mountain-Amberg rock district), there is a local
occurrence of short fiber crysotile asbestos (along fractures in small knobs
of serpentine) which is not being worked commercially. The location is known
as the Herriman Prospect at 45° 35' North Latitude and 87° 50' West Longitude.
A summary of the mineral production in Wisconsin is given in
Tables A-89 and A-90.
Source References
(231) "Lithologic, Geophysical, and Mineral Commodity Maps of Precambrian Rocks
in Wisconsin", C. E. Button and R. E. Bradley, 1970, U.S.G.S. Map 1-631.
"32) The Mineral Industry of Wisconsin,G. N. Broderick, U.S. Bureau of Mines'
Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-275
Table A-89,
Value of mineral production in Wisconsin, by county
(Thousands)
County
Adams
Ashland .
Barren
Bayfield
Brown
Buffalo
Burnett
Calumet .-
Chippewa
Clark
Columbia
Crawlord
Dane -
Dodge
Door
Douglas
Dunn 1
Eau Claire
Florence ,
Fond du Lac „
Forest
Grant ..
Green
Green Lake
Iowa
Iron
Jackson
Jefferson
Juneau
Kenosha
Kewaunee
La Crosse .
Lafayette
Langlade —
Lincoln .
Manitowoc —
Marathon
Marlnette
Marquetta ....
Milwaukee
Monroe .
Oconto
Oneida
Outagamie
Ozaukee
Pepin
Pierce
Polk
Portage
Price
Racine
Richland
Rock
Rusk
St. CroU
Sauk
Sawyer
Shawano
Sheboygan .
Taylor
Trempealeau
Vernon
Vilas
Walworto
Washburn . .
Washington
Waukesha
Waupaca
Waushara .
Winnebago .
Wood
Undistributed «
Total •
1970
W
$292
485
257
W
W
W
W
545
757
2,226
W
3,974
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
209
3,169
W
554
W
W
W
W
W
388
637
197
4,556
W
W
2,295
2,407
1,194
W
W
304
W
255
1,243
578
W
W
W
W
148
W
443
2,039
W
W
W
149
W
626
595
W
W
228
W
W
1,766
W
W
128
W
454
54.672
87,670
1971
W
$220
4HO
W
W
W
W
W
316
W
2,132
W
3,065
W
W
W
175
W
52
W
W
2,019
W
W
332
W
W
W
W
503
G23
W
3,309
467
468
2,445
3,066
1,696
W
5,560
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
447
W
W
215
1,105
W
W
1.419
W
W
W
243
W
481
W
W
W
1,130
7,468
W
86
2,481
187
41,841
84,036
Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Stone, lime, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Do.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel, lime, stone.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Lime, sand and gravel, stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Stone, aand and gravel, lime, clays.
Sand and gravel.
Zinc, stone, sand and gravel, lead.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Stone.
Sand and gravel.
Iron ore, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Do.
Zinc, stone, lead, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Cement, stone, lime, sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Do.
Do.
Cement, stone, sand and grave).
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Do.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Do.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Stone, sand and gravel, clays.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Do.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and g-avel, stone.
Do.
Sand and gravel.
Stone, sand and gravel.
Do.
Sand and gravel.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel.
Do.
Sand and gravel, stone, peat.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Do.
Stone, aand and gravel.
Do.
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed."
1 No production reported for Menominee County.
* Includes gem stones, quantities of sand and gravel, and stone that cannot be assigned to specific countle
and values indicated by symbol W.
' Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-276
TABLE A-90. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN WISCONSIN
Commodity and company
Cement:
Marquette Cement Mfg.
Co.
' Addrna
20 N. Wicker Dr.
Chicago. I1L 60606
Type of activity
Portland and
masonry, dry
County
Milwaukee.
Medusa Portland Cement
Co.
Clays and shale:
Oakfleld Shale Brick &
Tile Co.
Union Grove Drai^ Tile
Co.
Coke:
Milwaukee Solvay Coke
Div., Plckands Mather
4 Co.
Iron ore:
Jackson County Iron Co. .
Inland Steel Co.:
Black River Falls.
Lead and sine:'
Eagle-Picher Industries,
Inc.:
Shultoburg
Lime:
Cutler-LaLlberU-
McDougall Corp.
Mayville White Lime
Works,
Rockwell Lime Co
Box 5668
Cleveland, Ohio 44101
Oakfleld. Wto. 68066...
The Western Lime ft
Cement Co.:
Green Bay plant.
Box 848
Union Grove, Wis S8182
811 E. Greenfield Are.
Milwaukee, Wis. 63204
30 W. Monroe St.
Chicago, 111. 60608
Box 406
Galena, 111. 61086
12th Ave. & Waterfront
Dulutb. Minn. 66802
Box 26
Mayville, Wis. 68060
228 N. LaSalle St.
Chicago, III. 60601
Box 2076
Milwaukee, Wis. 68201
pro
White, dry process. . Monitowoe.
Pit and plant Fond du Lac.
.. do Racine.
Coke ovens Milwaukee.
Mine, concentrator,
agglomerator.
Jackson.
Mine and mill Lafayette.
Knowlea plant.
Eden plant.
Peat:
Demllco, Inc.
Expanded perlite:
Midwest Perlite Co.
ZonoliU Division, W. R.
Grace & Co.
Sand and Gravel:
Eau Claire Sand &
Gravel Co.
Genwsee Sand & Gravel
Co. Inc., Jaeger Sand
& Gravel Co., Inc.
Janeaville Sand & Gravel
Co.
Johnson Sand & Gravel
Inc.
Edward Kraemer & Sons,
Inc.
3101 W. Custer Ave.
Milwaukee. Wi*. 63209
912 College Ave.
Appleton. Wia. 64911
62 Whlttemore Ave.
Cambridge, Mass. 02140
104 Gibson St.
Eau Claire, Wis. 54701
8532 W. Schlinger Ave.
Milwaukee, Wis. 63214
1110 Harding St.
Jancsville. Wis. 63545
22760 W. Bluemound Rd.
Waukesha, Wis. 53186
Plain. Wis. 53577
Quick and hydrated,
two rotary kilns,
one continuous
hydra tor.
Quicklime, one shaft
Idln.
Quick and hydrated,
one rotary Idln,
one^conttnuous
hydrator.
Quick and hydrated,
five shaft kilns,
one batch
hydrator.
Hydrated, five
shaft kilns, one
continuous hy-
drator.
Quick and hydrated,
five shaft kilns.
one batch
hydrator.
Bog, processing
plant.
Processing plant
do
Douglas.
Dodge.
Manltowoe.
Brown.
Dodge.
Pond du Lac.
Waukesha.
OuUgamie.
Milwaukee.
Pits; portable and Chlppewa, Dunn,
stationary plants. Eau Claire.
Pit; portable and Waukesha.
stationary plant*.
Pit; stationary
plant.
Pits; portable
plants.
do
C. C. Linek. Inc 1226 N. Center St.
Beaver Dam, Wis. 53916
.do.
Manley Sand Division,
Martin Marietta Corp.
Plautz Brothers, Ine
Rein, Schultz & Dahl,
Inc.
Rockton, III. 61072.
State Sand & Gravel Co...
Wissota Sand & Gravel Co.
Route 1
Willard, Wis. 54493
6217 Neabitt Rd.
Madison. Wis. 63711
10833 W. Watertown
Plank Rd.
Milwaukee. Wis. 38326
313 One Half Eau Claire
Eau Claire, Wis. 54701
Pit; stationary
plant; industrial
sand.
Pit; portable
plants.
do
Pits; stationary
plants.
do
Rock.
Waukesha.
Brown, Barron,
Chippewa, Eau
Claire, Forest,
Oounto, Ozaukee,
Polk, Portage,
Racine, Saute,
Sawyer, Sheboy-
gan, Walworth,
Washington,
Waukesha.
Calumet, Columbia,
Dane, Dodge,
Fond du Lac,
Green Lake,
Racine, Waushara.
Columbia.
Chlppewa, Clark.
Dane, Jackson,
Jefferson, Wauke-
sha,
Waukesha.
Barron, Bayfleld,
Eau Claire,
Washington.
-------
A-277
TABLE A-90.(continued)
Commodity :mil company
Stone:
Granite:
Anderson Broa. &
Johnson Co.
Lawrence Ladick. Inc.
Lake Wauaau Granite
Co.
Limestone and dolomite:
Courtney & Plummer,
Inc.
Daanen & Janssen
Franklin Stone Prod-
ucts, Ine.
Halquist Lannon
Stone Co.
Edward Kraemer &
Song, Inc.
Arthur Overgaard,
Inc.
Vulcan Materials Co..
Midwest Division.
Waukesha Lime &
Stone Co.
Wingra Stone Co.,
Inc., Stewart
Watson Construc-
tion Co.
QuarUite:
Koley Bros., Inc .
Minnesota Mining &
Mfg. Co.
Sandstone:
Ellis Quarries, Inc
Traprock (basalt) :
Bryan Rock Product*.
Inc.
OAF Pnrn
McLean Construction
Co.
Vermlculite, exfoliated
Zonolite Div., W.R.
Grace & Co.
AildrcsM
Box 26
E. Manson St.
Wausau, Wis. 64401
Route 1
Vesper, Wis. 54489
Box 397
Wausau, Wis. 64401
Box 351
Neenah, Wis. 5495G
124 S. Huron St.
De Pere. Wis. 64116
7220 S. 68th St.
Hales Corners, Wis. 63130
Sussex, Wis. 63089
Plain, Wis. 53577
Box 87
Elroy, Wfs. 53929
29 N. Wacker Dr.
Chicago, III. 60606
Box 708
Waukesha, Wis. 53186
Route 2, Box 4284
Madison, Wis. 53711
150 Endicott Bldg. on 4th
St. Paul, Minn. 55101
2501 Hudson Rd.
St. Paul, Minn. 55119
Stevens Point, Wis. 55481..
Box 216
Shakopee, Minn. 55379
Pembine, Wis. 64166
314 Ogden Ave.
Superior, Wis. 64880
62 Whittemora Ave.
Cambridge, Mass. 02140
Type of
Quarries; stationary
plant.
Quarry
Quarry; stationary
plant.
Quarries; stationary
and portable
plants.
Quarries; portable
plants.
Quacry; stationary
plant.
Quarries* stationary
plant.
Quarries; portable
plants.
Quarries; stationary
and portable
plants.
Quarries; stationary
plants.
Quarry; stationary
and portable
plants.
Portable plants..
Quarry; stationary
plant.
Quarries; stationary
plant.
Quarries; stationary
plant.
Quarry; stationary
and portable
plants.
Quarry; stationary
plant.
Quarry; portable
plant.
Processing plant
activity County
Marathon.
Do.
Do.
Calumet, Waupaca,
Winnebago.
Brown.
Milwaukee.
Waukesha.
Buffalo, Columbia.
Crawford, Douglas,
Dunn, Green.
Juneau, La Crease,
Marquette, Monroe.
Pierce, Richland,
St. Croix, Sauk,
Trempealeau,
Vernon.
Juneau, Various
counties.
Milwaukee, Racine,
Waukesha,
Winnebago.
Waukesha,
Dane.
Sauk.
Marathon.
Marathon, Wood.
Polk.
Marlnette.
Douglas.
Milwaukee.
« All lead-zinc mining was by underground methods.
-------
A-278
Wyoming
The Division of Wyoming into regular physiographic units is difficult
due to the diversity of the rock structures and to their irregularity of
occurrence in geographic pattern. Nevertheless, the vast area of Wyoming is
essentially basin and range and a conventional division into provinces has been
suggested as follows:
Mountain cores of Precambrian crystalline rock,
Basin areas of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary
sedimentaries,
Absaroka Mountain volcanic area and the
Yellowstone Plateau of the northwest corner of Wyoming,
Belts of folded and thrust faulted Paleozoic and Mesozoic
sediments in the West and Southwest,
Areas of scattered volcanic stocks and necks.
Figure A-70 shows the various mountain ranges and basins and particularly
mark the Precambrian mountain cores which consist of igneous and metamorphosed
complex rock systems.
Not surprisingly, the occurrence of the asbestiform minerals, both
chrysotile and amphibole types, and the genetically related minerals, talc and
soapstone, is closely associated with the igneous and metamorphic formations
of the Precambrian mountain cores. This relationship is apparent in the map
figure which illustrates the locations of specific mineral occurrences. The
nature of the specific occurrences is described in Tables A-91 and A-92
which are number keyed to the locations identified on Figure A-71.
Generally, the metallic mineralization of Wyoming also is located in
or adjacent to the mountain ranges as might be expected. However, many of
W^omings metallic mineral deposits are undeveloped. Except for uranium, there
i: little metal mining in Wyoming. Many valuable deposits remain to be
cor-nercially exploited. Similarly, the nonmetallic minerals are not a large
pa. of the Wyoming production either, compared to the fossil fuel mineral
-------
A-279
production. The fossil fuels account for most of the Wyoming mineral values
produced. Stone, sand and gravel are abundantly worked to rank second to
fossil fuels in degree of mineral recovery activity. Other nonmetallies and
metallics, notably uranium, make up the bulk of the production. The county
by county production and the principal mineral producers of Wyoming are given
in Tables A-93 and A-94. There are no reports of the fibrous amphibole minerals
being encountered in the Wyoming production.
NOTE: The jade deposits in the Red Desert/South Pass area are known to
contain fibrous material (which could conceivably be asbestiform).
There is some hard-rock mining for jade going on in addition to
exploitation of surface material. Also the western flank of the
Tetons contain considerable (variety Bowenite).
LDH^in
)
._. •.„• o"Bfr«»»*
-------
SHERIDAN
Sheridan
BIG HORN
CAMPBELL
JOHNSON
WASHAKIE
WESTON
TETON
=
Jackson
HOT SPRINGS
NIOBRARA
CONVERSE
NATRON A
Casper
FREMONT
SUBLETTE
LINCOLN
SWEETWATER
Green River
La ramie
LARAM1E
Cheyenne
Precambrian rocks
Asbestos
Isi
CO
O
Talc and sdapstone occurrences
FIGURE A-71. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK IN WYOMING
-------
A-281
TABLE A-91. ASBESTOS OCCURRENCES IN WYOMING
Teton County
1 Berry Creek Deposit; at head of Berry Creek approximately 2 mi. east of the
Teton range watershed and 6 mi. south of Yellowstone National Park. A
tabular, vertical body of altered peridotite strike* east, has a maximum width
of 50 ft., and can be traced for 400 ft. along the strike. The peridotite is sur-
rounded by granite gneiss, "Several fractures in altered peridotite contains
slip-fiber chrysolite and amphibole less than 1 in. long. Much of the fiber
has been destroyed by later replacement."
Brown Bear Deposit; sees. 19 or 20, T. 47 N., R. 116 W., has a 400 ft serpentine
dike or sill with stringers of slip-fiber chrysolite and amphibole which strikes
north-south, and stands vertically. Some fibers are more than 1 in. long but
many fibers have'been destroyed by later quartz replacement. A mill was built,
but there has been no production
Washakie County
2 Canyon Creek Claim; sec. 25, T. 48 N., R. 86 W. A series of metamorphics
(greenstone, hornblende schist, metadiabase) strike N. 15* E. and disappear
under Cdiin...... _diments about 1 n' --v-fh of the claim. These pre-
Cambrian metamorphics contain a very small amount ot Druuc. ^..r^ '..
asbestos and talc. No chrysotile has been found
Fremont County
3 Firt King Deposit; SEy$ sec 26, T. SO N., R. 100 W., about 4 mi. due nonh
of Atlantic City.' A pre-Cambrian serpentine body strikes northeast and stands
vertical; k is associated with chlorite and magnetite schist, quaitzite, and gneiss.
Later granites cut and invade the metamorphics. Aihestos is found in small
lenses in one zone 150 ft. wide and 900 ft. long Cross-fiber
chrysotile (average i/fc-in. long) for spinning; was produced pnoi to 1921. A
mill was built in 1919
4 Beaver Creek Deposit; sec. 19, T. SO N.. R. 96 W., 5 mi. south of Beaver Hill.
Five lenticular serpentine masses, surrounded by granite are well exposed. The
western lens is 600 ft. long and 250 ft. wide, the central lens is 800 ft. long
and ISO ft. wide. The other lenses are much smaller. Small amounts of cross-
fiber chrysotile veinlets ('/i to i/£-in. long) in the serpentine strike parallel
to the serpentine mass. Vermiculite, talc and anthophyllite also are associated
with the serpentine
Abernathy Deposit; sec. 5, T. 7 N., R. 5 W., sec 52, T. 8 N., R. 5 W.. (Wind
River Meridian) and sec 7. T. 42 N., R. 104 W. at the west end of the Owl
Creek mountains. Amphibole asbestos follows cleavage planes and fractures in
a thick diabase dike. The fibers are weedy and brittle, but are longer than
the Casper Mountain fibers
County
Casper Mountain Asbestos Deposits; sec. 16, 17. T. 59 N.. R. 79 W.. 8 mi. from
Casper. A mill was built in 1910, but there has been little production since
that time. A serpentine body, several thousand feet wide trends east-west
through the north-central half of sees. 16 and 17. The serpentine is surrounded
and cut by granite gneiss, hornblende schist, and metadiabase. Small, parallel
cross-fiber chrysotile veins about i/,- to V4-in. wide are separated by layers of
serpentine. Locally many fractures are filled with cross-fiber chrysotile. Some
fibers up to 4 in. long have been reported
Smith Creek Deposit; SEyi sec 19, SW cor. sec. 20, NW cor. sec 29. NE cor.
SfC. 50, T. 51 N., R. 78 W. Three pre-Cambrian serpentine lenses, one barren
of asbestos, contain vertical veins of yellowish-green cross fiber chrysotile. mostly
i/j in. in length. The central lens is 650 ft. by 500 ft. The western lens shows
fiber i/4 in. long in a zone 75 ft. to 150 ft. in length
Green Hill Deposit; sec 25. T. 51 N., R. 78 W., 5 mi. east of the Smith Creek
asbestos mill. One serpentine lens 1,700 ft. long and 500 ft. wide surrounded
by granite has a 1 in. veinlet of harsh, coarse chrysotile. A small amount of
harsh, slip-fiber chrysotile was found on the dump
-------
A-282
TABLE A-91 (continued)
Convene County
8 Koch Deposit; tec. 15, T. 31 N.. R. 77 W., on the north side of the West Fork
of Deer Creek. A serpentine lens 1,500 ft. by 500 ft. trends northeast. There
are several smaller lenses; all are surrounded by granite. A small amount of
amphibole asbestos, one chrysotile veinlet. Yfin. wide, and two venuicuiite
lenses have been reported
£ Stardust Claim; sec. 20, T. 32 N., R. 75 W. A small amount of chrysotile is
associated with a vcrmiculite deposit
Albany County
9 Halleck Canyon area; approx. sec. 18, T. 22 N.. R. 71 W. Chrysotile cross-fiber
veinlets up to 2 inches in width occur in two small areas of serpentine. The
eras-fibers are up to one inch in length and are not excessively brittle. Minor
amounts of slip-fibers are developed in other fracture systems which are flat
dipping and trend obliquely to the regional foliation
Carbon County
10 A deposit of amphibole asbestos is reported to be located about lyfc mi. south-
west of Encampment
11 Seminoe Mountains area; sees. 21, 22. T. 26 N., R. 85 W. Two narrow antho-
phyllite asbestos veins occur in amphibole schist. The veins vary from 2 inches
to 1.6 feet in width and are intermittently exposed in several prospect pits
along an east-west strike parallel to a regional foliation of vertical dip. The
asbestos occurs mainly as mass fibers and some soft and brittle cross fibers up
to 214 inches long
Sheridan County
12 Asbestos is reported in the mountains west of Sheridan
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A-283
TABLE A-95. TALC AND SOAPSTONE OCCURRENCES IN WYOMING
Tetoo County
1 Badger Creek Deposit; sec. 5, T. 6 N., R. 117 W. Massive soapstone and fibrous
talc are found in an olivine diabase chat has been intruded by granite and
quartz (32. p. 816).
Washakie County
? Canyon Creek Talc Deposit; tec. 25, T. 48 N., R. 86 W. Talc schist and fibrous
talc are associated with folded hornblende schist, olivine raetadiabase. and a
small amount of brittle amphibole asbestos. The rocks strike N. 15* £. (32, p.
837).
Fremont County
3 Abernathy Deposit; (See VERMICULITE).
Soapstone was found by Aughey on "north side of Rattlesnake Mountains, on
headwaters of S. Powder" (16, p. 61).
Albany County
4 Halleck Canyon Area; approx. sec 13, T. 22 N., R. 72 W. Talc, approxi-
mately 100 feet long by 5 to 7 feet wide, occurs in a steatized serpentine zone.
The deposit is well foliated, steeply dipping unit that strikes approximately
due north. The deposit grades into a steatized chlorite-rich rock to the
north. The talc-rich layer contains numerous zones of tremolite which make*
it brittle and of poor quality (635).
5 Nipper No. 1 Claim; SEV4 sec 32. T. 25 N., R. 73 W. Talc schist strikes N.
55* W. and dips 65* N. Apparently a hornblende schist altered along a zone
of weakness to talc. Sericite and quartz are associated with the talc schist (344).
5 Nipper No. 2 Claim; WV4 NEW and EVi NWVi tec 32. T. 25 N., R. 73 W. A
contorted talc schist body trends N. 25* to 45* W. and stands vertically (344).
5 Nipper No. ) Claim; NEK sec 32, T. 25 N., R. 73 W. A talc schist, actinolite
schist and anthophyllite schist strike N. 45« E. and dip 65- S. The talc schist is
about 20 ft. wide at the prospect pit, but narrows to several inches (344).
5 Nipper No. 4 Claim; S& SE^ sec. 29, and NI/I NE>4 sec. 32, T. 25 N R 75 W
A talc schist contacts hornblende schist along the northeast slope 'of a hill
The schists strike N. 25' E. and dip 65° E. (344).
6 Palmer Canyon; sec I. T. 24 N., R. 71 W. A talc lens has formed between
hornblende schist and granite. The lens of good quality talc is 6 ft. thick at
the surface, but narrows with depth; it is a very small deposit. Anthophvllite
has altered to vermiculite (296).
7 In sec 3, T. 25 N., R. 71 W. a lens of talc-like mineral. "Mg-amphibole schist"
is about l"/2 mi. long and 1/3 mi. wide. The foliated type of schist is a mass
o* interwoven acicular pseudomorphs of Mg-amphibole after hornblende (468);
rSee GARNET. MICA).
Flatte County
8 Collins Deposit; 500 ft. from south quarter corner, sec. 15, T. 27 N., R. 70 W.
Country rock* at this prospect are hornblende schist, granite, and quartz veins.
Good grade crumpled and metamorphosed talc is found in the main pit but the
quantity is small as the talc pinches and swells (297).
Convene County
9 Badger Prospect; (See VERMICULITE).
IQ Smith Prospect; (See VERMICULITE).
Carbon County
11 A deposit 1 mi. south of Encampment consists of high-grade chlorite mica
that grades into talc (217).
Carbon County
12 Foliated talc was reported from the Deserted Treasure Mine in the Seminoe
Mountains (16, p. 61).
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A-284
TABLE A-93. MINERAL PRODUCTION IN WYOMING, BY COUNTY
County
Albany
Big Horn
Campbell
Carbon
Convene
Crook
Fremont
Goahea...
Hot Spring*
Johnaon .
Laramie .
Lincoln
N*tr«na
Nlobrara
Park
Platte
Sheridan
SubletU.
Sweetwater
Teton
Uinta
Waahalde
Weston
Yellowstone National Park
Undistributed »
Total'
1970
.. »7.317
.. 23.346
.. 142.193
26.397
20,704
.. 22.954
.. 82.688
588
.. 86,932
.. 17.804
8.104
.. 12,122
.. 61,222
W
.. 112.090
4,820
6,685
... 22,047
... 86,457
W
2,436
10.046
... 11,834
W
2.250
... 705.633
1971
$6,877
27,790
128,441
35,601
22,293
21,693
83,175
458
33,811
16,870
2,739
14,135
51,014
1,916
109.934
4.727
8,026
24.5X1
97.076
209
1.674
11,020
12,462
1.424
717.937
Minerals produced in 1971, in order of value
Cement, stone, petroleum, sand and gravel, gyp-
sum, iron ore.
Petroleum, clays, sand and gravel, gypsum, natural
gas, lime, stone.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, eoal,
sand and gravel.
Uranium, coal, petroleum, natural gas, natural fas
liquids, sand and gravel, natural gas.
Petroleum, coal, natural gas liquids, sand and
gravel, natural gas.
Petroleum, clays, natural gas, sand and travel.
Petroleum, uranium, iron ore, natural gas, natural
gas liquids, sand and gravel, feldspar.
Sand and gravel, lime, petroleum.
Petroleum, coal, natural gas, sand and gravel.
Petroleum, clays, natural gas. natural gas liquids.
sand anil gravel.
Petroleum, stone, sand and gravel.
Coal, natural gas liquids, phosphate rock, natural
gas, petroleum, sand and gravel, stone.
Petroleum, uranium, natural gas, natural gas
liquids, clays, sand and gravel, stone.
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and grave), natural
gas liquids.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand
and gravel, gypsum, atone.
Iron ore, stone, sand and gravel.
Coal, petroleum, sand and gravel, (ton*.
Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel, natural gas
liquids.
Sodium carbonate, petroleum, natural gas, eoal
natural gas liquids, sand and gravel, stone.
Sand and gravel, stone.
Natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and gravel,
clays, stone.
Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand
and gravel, lime.
Petroleum, clays, sand and gravel, natural fas
stone.
Value in $ thousands
W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed."
1 Includes gem stones, some stone, and sand and gravel that cannot be assigned to specific counties and values
indicated by symbol W.
1 Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
-------
A-285
TABLE A-94. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN WYOMING
Commodity and company
Cement:
Monolith Portland Midwest Co.
Clay*:
Air*rir«n Coll"M C". ...
Black Hill* Bentonite Co
Dresser Industries, Inc., Greybull
Dresser Mineral* Diviilon.
International Mineral* &
Chemical Corp., Eastern
Clay Product* Dept.
NL Industrie* Inc., Baroid
Division.
Wyo-Ben Products, Inc. .
Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal Co..
Federal Bentonite Co.
Address
8326 San Fernando Road
Los Angeles, Calif. 90066
6100 Suffield Court
Skokie. I1L 60076
Box 1, Mills, Wyo. 82944
Box 882
Greybull, Wyo. 82426
Administration Center
Old Orchard Road
Skokie, IIU 60079
Box 1676
Houston, Tex. 77001
Box 1979
Billings, Mont. 69108
4614 Prospect Ave.
Cleveland. Ohio 44109
Type of activity
Plant
plant.
Open pit mine _
Open pit mine and
plant.
do
do
Open pit mines and
plant.
do
Open pit mine*. ...
plant.
do
do
County
. Albany.
Big Horn.
. Crook.
Wetton.
Johnson.
. Bit-Horn.
Do.
Do.
. Westoa.
Big Horn.
. Crook.
. Weston.
Division.
Coal:
The Kemmerer Coal Co
Frontier, Wyo. 83121.
Pacific Power & Light Co.
Gypsum:
Big Horn Gypsum Co
Iron Or*:
CF A I Steel Corp.
United States Steel Corp.,
Western Ore Operation*.
Lime:
The Great Western Sugar Co..
920 S.W. 6th Avenue
Portland, Oreg. 97204
Box 690
Cody, Wyo. 82414
Box S16
Pueblo, Colo. 81002
Lander, Wyo. 82620..
Holly Sugar Corp.
Natural fa* and petroleum: >
Phosphate rock:
Stauffer Chemical Company ot
Wyoming.
Box 6308
Denver, Colo. 80217
Holly Sugar Bldg.
Colorado Springs, Colo.
80902
686 California Street
San Francisco, Calif. 94108
Sand and gravel (commercial):
BoatnghUSmith Box 1129
Casper, Wyo. 82602
Gllpatrick Construction Co., Box 978
Inc. Riverton, Wyo. 82601
Teton Construction Co Box 3248
Cheyenne, Wyo. 82001
Union Pacific Railroad Co 1416 Dodge Street
Omaha, Nebr. 68102
Sodium Carbonate:
Allied Chemical Corp., Industrial Box 70
Chemicals Div.
FMC Corp., Inorganic
Chemicals Division.
Stauffer Chemical Company
of Wyoming.
Stone:
The Great Western Sugar Co...
Morristown, N.J. 07960
Box 872
Green River, Wyo. 829S6
Box 613
Green River, Wyo. 82986
Box 6308
Denver, Colo. 80217
Guernsey Stone Co Box 387
Guernsey, Wyo. 82214
Monolith Portland Midwest Co. Box 40
Laramie, Wyo. 82070
Union Pacific Railroad Co 1416 Dodge Street
Omaha, Nebr. 68102
Uranium:
Federal American Partner* Box 991
Riverton, Wyo. 82601
Petrotomlcs Co Drawer 2460
Casper, Wyo. 82601
Utah Construction & Mining Box 911
Co. Riverton, Wyo. 82601
Western Nuclear, Ine :... 1700 Broadway, Suite 1900
Denver, Colo. 80202
2 strip mines, crushing
ana oil treatment
plant.
Strip mine
Open pit mine and
wallboard plant.
Underground mine and
benefleiation mill.
Open pit mine and
agglomerator.
Pot kiln at beet-sugar
plant.
Shaft kiln at beet-
sugar plane
Open pit mine and
benenclation plant.
Lincoln.
Convi
Park.
Platte.
Fremont.
Big Horn.
Gosh eo.
Lincoln.
Pita and plant* Natrona.
Pit Sublette.
Pit Sweetwater.
Pit Washakte.
Pit Carbon.
Pit Johnson.
Pit. Laramle.
Pit Albany.
Underground mine and
refinery.
do
do
Quarry and plant
do
2 quarries *nd plant*. .
Sweetwater.
Do.
Do.
Laramle.
Platte.
Albany.
Quarry and plant Laramie.
8 open pit mine* and Fremont.
mill.
Open pit mine and Carbon.
rallL
2 open pit mines, Do.
leaching operation.
2 open pit mine*, 2 Fremont.
under-ground
mine*, and mill.
6 underground mine*. Do.
1 open pit mine,
leaching operation.
leaching o
and mill
1 Moat of the major oil and gas companies and many smaller companies operate in Wyoming, and seven!
commercial directories contain complete list* of them.
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A-286
Source References
(2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride,
1962, USGS Map MR-17.
(2) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W.
Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31.
(233) Geologic Map of Wyoming, J. D. Love, et al., 1972, USGS and
Wyoming Geological Survey.
(234) Mines and Minerals Map of Wyoming, and Energy Resources Map of
Wyoming, D. W. Lane, et al., 1970-1972, The Geological Survey
of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.
(235) Reported Occurrences of Selected Minerals in Wyoming, Mineral
Classification Branch Staff Compilation, 1964, USGS Map MR-42.
(236) Mineral Resources of Wyoming, F. W. Osterwald, et al., 1966^
The Geological Survey of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82070.
(237) The Mineral Industry of Wyoming, E. R. Slatick, 1971, U.S.
Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook.
-------
A-287
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inxwctions on the reverse before completing)
1 REPORT NO.
EPA-6 50/2-74-087
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Identification and Assessment of Asbestos Emissions
from Incidental Sources of Asbestos
5. REPORT DATE
September 1974
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
R.J. Kuryvial, R. A. Wood, and R. E. Barrett
9. PERFORMING ORG \NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Battelle, Columbus Laboratories
505 King Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43201
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AB015: ROAP 21AFA-004
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-0230, Task 24
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
EPA, Office of Research and Development
NERC-RTP, Control Systems Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Final: 12/73-5/74
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The report describes work directed at defining the potential seriousness of
asbestos emissions that result from man's disturbing geological formations in which
asbestos occurs as an accessory mineral. An extensive literature search yielded a
catalog of all known and probable occurrences of asbestos in the United States. These
locations were screened to identify large mining activities which could cause release
of asbestos to the atmosphere. Sixteen such sites were identified. Emissions were
estimated for these sites, based on production figures and the nature of the opera<-
tions. Two sites were selected from this group for further characterization based
on probable emissions and population density considerations. Ambient air samples
were taken at the two sites, using high volume samplers; the samples were analy-
zed, using electron microscope techniques. The analysis of these samples did not
support the hypothesis that a public health hazard exists because of asbestos emis-
sions from the two sources tested; however, because of the limited sampling and
analysis, it would not be valid to apply these findings to all possible sources.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. cos AT I Field/Group
\ir Pollution
\sbestos
Mining
Gangue
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
13B
08G, HE
081
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
342
SECURITY.QLASS (Thispage)
nclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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