xvEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics 7408 EPA 745-K-94-013 May 1994 EPA's 33/50 Program Company Profile Parker Hannifin Corporation Printed on Recycled Paper ------- THE 33ISO PROGRAM This Company Profile is part of a series of reports being developed by EPA to highlight the accomplish- ments of companies participating in the 33/50 Program. The 33/50 Program is an EPA voluntary pollution reduction initiative that promotes reductions in direct environmental releases and off-site transfers of 17 high- priority toxic chemicals. The program derives its name from its overall goals - an interim goal of a 33% reduction by 1992 and an ultimate goal of a 50% reduction by 1995. The program uses 1988 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) reporting as a baseline. In February, 1991, EPA began contacting the parent companies of TRI facilities that reported using 33/50 Program chemicals since 1988 to request their participation in the 33/50 Program. As of April, 1994, a total of 1,216 companies had elected to participate in the Program, pledging to reduce emissions of the 17 target chemicals by more than 355 million pounds by 1995. Companies are encouraged to set their own reduction targets, which may vary from the Program's national 33% and 50% reduction goals. Company commitments and reduction pledges continue to be received by EPA on a daily basis. 17 PRIORITY CHEMICALS TARGETED BY THE 33/50 PROGRAM BENZENE CADMIUM & COMPOUNDS CARBON TETRACHLORIDE CHLOROFORM CHROMIUM & COMPOUNDS CYANIDES DICHLOROMETHANE* LEAD & COMPOUNDS MERCURY & COMPOUNDS METHYL ETHYL KETONE METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE NICKEL & COMPOUNDS TETRACHLOROETHYLENE TOLUENE 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE TRICHLOROETHYLENE XYLENES Also referred to as methylene chloride The 1992 TRI data revealed that releases and transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals de- clined by 40% between 1988 and 1992, surpass- ing the Program's 1992 interim reduction goal by more than 100 million pounds. This accom- plishment, together with evidence from analysis of facilities' projected releases and transfers of .the 17 priority chemicals, reported to TRI under the Pollution Prevention Act, offers strong en- couragement that the 33/50 Program's ultimate goal of a 50% reduction by 1995 will be achieved. EPA is committed to recognizing compa- nies for their participation in the 33/50 Program and for the emissions reductions they achieve. The Program issues periodic Progress Reports, in which participating companies are listed and highlighted. In addition, Company Profiles, such as this one, are being prepared to provide more detailed information about companies that have written to EPA describing significant emissions reduction initiatives. Information presented in these profiles is drawn primarily from the company's written 33/50 Program communications and the annual TRI reports submitted by their facilities (including Pollution Prevention Act data reported to TRI in Section 8 of Form R). All company communications to EPA regarding the 33/50 Program are available to the public upon request. EPA does not endorse the performance, worker safety, or environmental acceptability of any of the technical options discussed in this Profile. Mention of any product or procedure in this document is for informational purposes only, and does not constitute a recommendation of any such product or procedure, either express or implied, by EPA. For information on the 33/50 Program, contact the TSCA Hotline at (202) 554-1404 or contact 33/50 Program staff directly by phone at (202) 260-6907 or by mail at Mail Code 7408, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, U.S. EPA, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, D.C. 20460. 33/50 Program Company Profile ------- Parker Hannifin Corporation Parker Hannifin Corporation reduced its releases and transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals by over 1,350,000 pounds between 1988 to 1992. This 71% reduction far exceeds the company's 33/50 Program goal of a 50% reduction by 1995. I. CORPORATE BACKGROUND Parker Hannifin Corporation manufactures a broad array of motion control products for indus- trial and aerospace applications. The company is headquartered in Cleveland, OH and employs nearly 26,000 individuals worldwide at 143 manu- facturing plants and 87 administrative and sales offices, company stores, and warehouses. Parker's Industrial segment, which accounts for 75% of the company's sales, is comprised of five groups: Fluid Connectors, Motion & Control, Automotive & Refrigeration, Seal, and Filtration. The company's Aerospace segment is a single group with several divisions that account for the remaining 25% of Parker's sales. Parker Hannifin reduced releases and transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals by 71%, or 1,350,000pounds, between 1988 and 1992. The company designs, markets, and manufac- tures products for controlling motion, flow, and pressure with over 800 product lines for hydraulic, pneumatic and electromechanical applications. Some typical products manufactured by Parker include hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders, valves, hydraulic pumps, fuel pumps, quantity gauges, in- flight refueling equipment, flight control systems, air-turbine starters, sealing components and sys- tems, fuel filters, fuel nozzles, rubber hoses, and flexible connectors. Fifty-two of Parker's facilities in the United States reported the use of 14 33/50 Program chemicals during the years 1988-1992. Parker uses these chemicals at various stages of its manufactur- ing processes and operations, including: • Dichloromethane, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1- trichloroethane, and trichlorethylene are used as cleaning agents in degreasing operations; Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals by Parker Hannifin Corporation (1000 Ibs) 33/50 Chemicals Cadmium & Compounds Carbon Tetrachloride Chromium & Compounds Cyanide Dichloromethane Lead & Compounds Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Nickel & Compounds Tetrachloroethylene Toluene 1 , 1 , 1-Trichloroethane Trichloroethylene Xylene 33/50 Subtotal* Other TRI Chemicals Total* * Columns may not sum to totals 1988 1992 32 17 1 NR 31 1 1 9 52 NR 5 10 442 67 16 NR 5 6 266 0 89 11 676 366 189 61 105 13 1,911 561 613 203 2,524 764 due to rounding. NR = Not reported — use below TRI reporting threshold. • Methyl- ethyl ketone and xylene are used as carrier solvents in the manufacture of rubber products; • Carbon tetrachloride, methyl isobutyl ketone, xylene, and toluene are solvents in adhesives and paints used at various stages of manufac- turing processes; • Cadmium, chromium, cyanide, lead, and nickel are used in metal finishing processes such as plating or coloring; and • Chromium, nickel, and lead are used as raw materials in steel and steel alloy that is pro- cessed in metal machining operations. In 1988, Parker's releases and transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals were 1,911,313 pounds. This represented 76% of Parker's total releases and transfers of all TRI chemicals. Table I at the 33/50 Program Company Profile: Parker Hannifin Corporation ------- end of this profile summarizes the company's TRI releases and transfers for the period 1988 - 1992. II. CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY In its 1993 Annual Report, Parker Hannifin stated that "environmental progress is a goal which is beneficial to the company's business interest as well as to the quality of life around the world." As a result, the company is devoting increasing atten- tion to improving its product manufacturing operations with a goal of achieving a cleaner environment. In 1989, Parker aggressively embarked on a proactive approach to address environmental, health and safety concerns. The company drafted a comprehensive environmental and safety corpo- rate policy requiring each facility to have an assigned environmental and safety coordinator. Parker also required increased environmental training for its employees, and expanded its corpo- rate staff of environmental and safety professionals. Parker's environmental policy places great emphasis on eliminating hazardous materials. It encourages resource conservation along with a spectrum of waste minimization projects, including recycling scrap paper, reducing emissions, and eliminating the use of toxic chemicals. Activities Contributing to Reductions at Parker Hannifin Corporation Water-Based Adhesive/Paints 8% Zero-Discharge Metal Finishing 2% Water-Based Rubber Cements 33% Zinc Plating 1% Aqueous Cleaning 56% Also as part of its comprehensive approach, Parker identified growth opportunities and prod- ucts that benefit the environment. Such products include advanced smokestack emission monitoring equipment, emission-free hoses for air condition- ing, leak-free fluid connectors, and improved fuel- conserving nozzles for jet engines. Parker is currently working toward full integration of its global manufacturing operations. The company expects to benefit from this integration through the transfer of leading-edge environmental technolo- gies to and from its operations in North America and overseas. III. 33/50 PROGRAM GOALS AND POLLUTION REDUCTION ACTIVITIES Parker Hannifin joined the 33/50 Program in May of 1991 with a commitment to achieve a 50% reduction in its releases and transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals by 1995, using 1988 TRI data as a baseline. This translates to a pledged re- duction of over 955,000 pounds. The company indicated that its goals would be achieved primarily through source reduction. Parker believes that environmental progress is beneficial to both the busi- ness interests of the company and to the quality of life around the world. Due to the diversity of its manufactured products and product lines, Parker has divided its reduction efforts by chemical use category (e.g., solvent cleaning, adhesives, paints). Where feasi- ble, the reduction activities identified are imple- mented at the company's manufacturing facilities worldwide. To reduce releases and transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals at its facilities in the United States, the company undertook the following activi- ties between 1988 and 1992: • Eliminated 756,000 pounds of releases and transfers of dichloromethane, tetrachloroethyl- ene, 1,1,1 -trichloroethane, and trichlorethylene by switching to aqueous cleaning systems for degreasing operations. Because the aqueous cleaning process requires agitation of the parts, part of the conversion involved redesign- ing the racks used to hold parts during clean- ing to accommodate agitation. 33(50 Program Company Profile: Parker Hannifin Corporation ------- Eliminated 453,000 pounds of releases and transfers of methyl ethyl ketone and toluene by substituting water-based solutions for solvent solutions used to carry cements in the manufacture of rubber hoses. This substi- tution required the addition of a drying step because of the relatively slow evaporation rate of water. Eliminated 109,000 pounds of releases and transfers of carbon tetrachloride, methyl isobu- tyl ketone, and xylene by substituting water- based adhesives and paints for solvent-based adhesives and paints. Eliminated 30,000 pounds of releases and transfers of chromium and chromium com- pounds used in coloring processes that are part of the metal finishing operations. This reduction was achieved through waste minimization techniques such as counter- current rinsing, reduced drag-out rates, and improved quality control. Reduced releases and transfers of cadmium and cadmium compounds by 15,000 pounds by substituting zinc plating for all of the cadmium plating process carried out in metal finishing operations. Cyanide releases and transfers associated with the cadmium plating opera- tions have increased. This increase is due to the fact that the company switched approxi- mately 50% of its cyanide treatment from on- site to off-site. (Waste treated on-site is reported to TRI only for quantities not de- stroyed or removed, while the full quantity treated off-site is reported as a transfer). Parker estimates, however, that releases and transfers of cyanide will be eliminated by 1994 when the conversion to zinc plating will be complete at all of its facilities. To minimize emissions of lead during machining operations, Parker is work- ing with steel suppliers to develop low or zero lead content raw material steel. In addition to these activities, Parker is work- ing with steel suppliers to minimize emissions of metals during machining operations by developing Parker Hannifin's Progress Towards Meeting 33/50 Goals 3000 D Non-33/50 Chemicals • 33/50 Chemicals I 33/50 Goal 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 33/50 Goal: 50% reduction In releases and transfers of 33/50 chemicals by 1995 raw material steel with a low or zero lead content. This effort is currently in the development stage, but promising results are expected in the future. In the meantime, Parker achieved reductions in metal emissions through improved scrap recovery and control methods. However, because these reductions are relatively small, they are not mea- sured by the company and therefore cannot be quantitified. IV. PROGRESS TOWARDS 33/50 REDUCTION GOALS As a result of Parker's pollution prevention efforts, releases and transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals decreased by more than 1,350,000 pounds between 1988 and 1992. This reduction of 71 % exceeds the company's Program goal of a 50% reduction more than three years ahead of schedule. Although not part of the company's goals, Parker has also achieved a 67% reduction in releases and transfers for all non-33/50 TRI chemi- cals. Although some of Parker's reductions can be attributed to production decreases associated with 33/50 Program Company Profile: Parker Hannifin Corporation ------- economic conditions, Parker achieved the majority of its reductions through pollution prevention measures, primarily substitution with water-based materials. In its projections for 1994, submitted as part of the 1992 Pollution Prevention Act reporting data (Table II), Parker predicts further reductions in releases and transfers of 33/50 Program chemi- cals. When the emissions reduction projects currently underway are completed, the company expects that reductions of releases and transfers will exceed 90%. V. SUMMARY OF PARKER HANNIFIN'S EXPERIENCE The 33/50 Program played a major role in solidifying Parker Hannifin Corporation's envi- ronmental program goals. When the company's CEO called together its operating Presidents to identify opportunities to eliminate 33/50 Program chemicals within their operations, the group indicated that they could exceed EPA's 50% program goal primarily by targeting solvents for elimination. The momentum created by this initiative carried over to other operations as managers saw benefits such as lower operating expenses, fewer hazards, and less risk. As a result, Parker Hannifin achieved signifi- cant reductions in releases and transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals. Reductions between 1988 and 1992 totalled more than 1,350,000 pounds, for a 71% total reduction. Moreover, the company's projections indicate overall reductions in excess of 90% by 1995 from 1988 levels. 33/50 Program Company Profile: Parker Hannifin Corporation ------- Table I Parker Hannifin Corporation TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988-1992 (All data from TRI unless otherwise noted) Chemical Cadmium & Compounds Carbon Tetrachloride Chromium & Compounds Cyanide Compounds Pichloromethane Lead & Compounds Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl isobutyl ketone Nickel & Compounds letrachloroethylene Transfers Percent Surface Off-site Change Total Air Water Releases Transfers for Treatment/ Total Releases 1988-1992 Emissions Discharges to Land to POTW Disposal/Other and Transfers (1) Total Releases Year (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) and Transfers 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1988 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1988 1989 1990 1991 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1988 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 0 5 5 0 0 1,200 500 10 260 255 5 0 5 15 0 0 51,832 64,541 29,043 18,200 270 765 515 270 250 419,927 292,348 260,812 112,400 67,000 16,000 0 5 5 0 0 185,664 210,000 48,600 47,800 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 20 16 21 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 368 129 55 14 10 0 1,004 286 63 28 25 339 167 188 40 500 0 0 0 0 505 502 264 20 10 21 0 0 0 0 0 268 266 15 80 284 0 0 0 0 0 31,600 35,120 19,254 6,840 17,200 0 29,635 4,922 2,943 770 1,087 806 3,045 1,799 228 8,200 0 0 0 713 4,500 7,625 8,035 1 1 ,349 10,237 21,574 22,578 27,760 0 0 0 4,496 3,384 759 1 1 ,505 5,455 80,378 98,275 51,693 0 0 31,968 35,254 19,314 6,854 • 17,210 1,200 31,139 5,218 3,266 1,053 1,118 1,145 3,217 2,002 273 8,700 51,832 64,541 29,043 19,663 5,309 8,912 8,830 11,660 10,499 441,522 314,926 288,572 112,400 67,000 16,000 4,764 3,655 779 11,585 5,739 266,042 308,275 100,293 47,800 4 -46% -100% -96% 660% -100% 98% -85% -100% 20% -100% ------- Table I t Parker Hannifin Corporation TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988-1992 (All data from TRI unless otherwise noted) Chemical Toluene 1,1,1 -Trichloroethane Trichloroethylene Xylene (mixed isomers) 33/50 Program Chemicals Non-33/50 Program Chemicals All TRI Chemicals Percent Change. 1988-1992 33/50 Program Chemicals Non 33/50 Program chemicals All TRI Chemicals Year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Surface Total Air Water Releases Emissions Discharges to Land (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) 89,418 78,064 89,338 73,018 10,900 631,164 627,978 549,435 402,529 362,350 152,821 132,900 97,124 1 14,557 59,175 105,400 90,500 27,000 25,000 11,800 1,654,196 1,497,121 1,102,152 794,029 511,484 362,899 435,493 360,300 283,860 166,105 2,017,095 1,932,614 1,462,452 1 ,077,889 677,589 -69% -54% -66% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 34 20 16 21 4 0 0 0 0 250 34 20 16 21 254 -88% - 647% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 750 0 0 0 0 755 0 0 0 0 1,505 0 — -- ~ Transfers Percent Off-site Change Transfers for Treatment/ Total Releases 1988-1992 to POTW Disposal/Other and Transfers (1) Total Releases (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) and Transfers 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 13 13 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,506 1,350 598 200 830 101,155 2,758 836 393 606 103,661 4,108 1,434 593 1,436 -67% -99% -99% 0 0 0 0 250 45,107 20,061 6,400 2,150 3,200 36,481 37,140 9,156 2,600 1,500 0 0 0 3,400 1,500 254,577 232,150 127,799 39,555 48,629 148,619 106,272 50,456 50,562 36,429 403,196 338,422 178,255 90,117 85,058 -81% -75% -79% 89,418 78,064 89,338 73,018 11,150 676,272 648,039 555,848 404,692 365,551 189,302 170,040 106,280 117,157 60,676 105,400 90,500 27,000 28,400 13,300 1,911,313 1,730,641 1,230,565 834,555 560,947 612,673 544,523 411,592 335,570 203,390 2,523,986 2,275,164 1,642,157 1,162,998 764,337 .-71% -67% -70% -88% -46% -68% -87% . -71% ,,,,:,,. -67% -70% Nptes: (1) 1991 and 1992 Total Releases and Transfers do not include off-site recycling or energy recovery. ------- Table II Parker Hannifin Corporation Pollution Prevention Act Reporting (1) Chemical 33/50 Program Chemicals Non-33/50 Program Chemicals All TRI Chemicals Percent Changes. 1991-1994 33/50 Program chemicals Non 33/50 Program chemicals All TRI Chemicals Year 1991 1992 1994 1991 1992 1994 1991 1992 1994 Recycled On-Site (pounds) 0 0 0 9,000 6,100 3 9,000 6,100 3 - -100% -100% Recycled Off-Site (pounds) 1,749,620 1,591,755 1,453,200 15,200,050 14,976,649 16,332,949 16,949,670 16,568,404 17,786,149 -17% 7% 5% Energy Recovery On-Site (pounds) 0 0 0 600 476 0 600 476 0 - -100% -100% Energy Recovery Off-Site (pounds) 45,105 29,521 13,005 16,604 57,731 605 61,709 87,252 13,610 -71% -96% -78% Treated On-Site (pounds) 16,600 8,000 0 456,640 527,140 503,810 473,240 535,140 503,810 -100% 10% 6% Treated Off-Site (pounds) 40,036 115,951 9,118 18,476 24,133 16,374 58,512 140,084 25,492 -77% -11% -56% Percent Change Quantity 1991-1994 Released Quantity (pounds) Released 663,274 533,856 45,162 -93% 206,548 172,877 52,395 -75% 869,822 706,733 97,557 -89% -93% -75% -89% Total Production Related Wastes (pounds) 2,514,635 2,279,083 1,520,485 15,907,918 15,765,106 16,906,136 18,422,553 18,044,189 18,426,621 ^0% 6% 0% Percent Change 1991-1994 Production Related Wastes -40% 6% 0% Notes: (1) Actual data for 1991 and 1992, projections for 1994. ------- |