xvEPA
            United States
            Environmental Protection
            Agency
            Office of Pollution
            Prevention and Toxics
            7408
EPA 745-K-94-013
   May 1994
EPA's 33/50 Program
Company Profile
   Parker Hannifin Corporation
                               Printed on Recycled Paper

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                                      THE 33ISO PROGRAM
     This Company Profile is part of a series of reports being developed by EPA to highlight the accomplish-
 ments of companies participating in the 33/50 Program. The 33/50 Program is an EPA voluntary pollution
 reduction initiative that promotes reductions in direct environmental releases and off-site transfers of 17 high-
 priority toxic chemicals.  The program derives its name from its overall goals - an interim goal of a 33%
 reduction by 1992 and an ultimate goal of a 50% reduction by 1995.  The program uses 1988 Toxics Release
 Inventory (TRI) reporting as a baseline.  In February, 1991, EPA began contacting the parent companies of
 TRI facilities that reported using 33/50 Program chemicals since 1988 to request their participation in the 33/50
 Program.  As of April, 1994, a total of 1,216
 companies had elected to participate in the
 Program, pledging to reduce emissions of the 17
 target chemicals by more than 355 million
 pounds by 1995.  Companies are encouraged to
 set their own reduction targets, which may vary
 from the Program's national 33% and 50%
 reduction goals.  Company commitments and
 reduction pledges continue to be received by
 EPA on a daily basis.
17 PRIORITY CHEMICALS TARGETED
      BY THE 33/50 PROGRAM
              BENZENE
      CADMIUM & COMPOUNDS
      CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
           CHLOROFORM
     CHROMIUM & COMPOUNDS
              CYANIDES
        DICHLOROMETHANE*
        LEAD & COMPOUNDS
      MERCURY & COMPOUNDS
      METHYL ETHYL KETONE
     METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
       NICKEL & COMPOUNDS
      TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
              TOLUENE
       1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
       TRICHLOROETHYLENE
              XYLENES

    Also referred to as methylene chloride
     The 1992 TRI data revealed that releases
 and transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals de-
 clined by 40% between 1988 and 1992, surpass-
 ing the Program's 1992 interim reduction goal
 by more than 100 million pounds.  This accom-
 plishment, together with evidence from analysis
 of facilities' projected releases and transfers of
.the 17 priority chemicals, reported to TRI under
 the Pollution Prevention Act, offers strong en-
 couragement that the 33/50 Program's ultimate
 goal of a 50% reduction  by 1995 will be
 achieved.

     EPA is committed to recognizing compa-
 nies for their participation in the 33/50 Program
 and for the emissions reductions they achieve.  The Program issues periodic Progress Reports, in which
 participating companies are listed and highlighted.  In addition, Company Profiles, such as this one, are being
 prepared to provide more detailed information about companies that have written to EPA describing significant
 emissions reduction initiatives.  Information presented in these profiles is drawn primarily from the company's
 written 33/50 Program communications and the annual TRI reports submitted by their facilities (including
 Pollution Prevention Act data reported to TRI in Section 8 of Form R).  All company communications to EPA
 regarding the 33/50 Program are available to the public upon request.

     EPA does not endorse the performance, worker safety, or environmental acceptability of any of the
 technical options discussed in this Profile. Mention of any product or procedure in this document is for
 informational purposes only, and does not constitute a recommendation of any such product or procedure,
 either express or implied, by EPA.
    For information on the 33/50 Program, contact the TSCA Hotline at (202) 554-1404 or contact 33/50
    Program staff directly by phone at (202) 260-6907 or by mail at Mail Code 7408, Office of Pollution
    Prevention and Toxics, U.S. EPA, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, D.C. 20460.
 33/50 Program Company Profile

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                        Parker  Hannifin Corporation
    Parker  Hannifin  Corporation  reduced  its
releases and transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals
by over 1,350,000 pounds between  1988 to 1992.
This 71% reduction far exceeds  the company's
33/50 Program goal of a 50% reduction by 1995.

       I.  CORPORATE BACKGROUND

    Parker Hannifin Corporation manufactures a
broad array of motion control products for indus-
trial and aerospace applications.  The company is
headquartered in  Cleveland, OH  and employs
nearly 26,000  individuals worldwide at 143 manu-
facturing  plants and 87 administrative and  sales
offices, company stores, and warehouses. Parker's
Industrial segment, which accounts for 75% of the
company's sales, is comprised of five groups: Fluid
Connectors, Motion & Control, Automotive &
Refrigeration, Seal, and Filtration. The company's
Aerospace segment is a single group with several
divisions  that  account  for the remaining 25% of
Parker's sales.
Parker  Hannifin  reduced  releases  and
transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals by
71%, or 1,350,000pounds, between 1988
and  1992.
    The company designs, markets, and manufac-
tures products for  controlling motion, flow, and
pressure with over 800 product lines for hydraulic,
pneumatic  and  electromechanical  applications.
Some typical products manufactured by Parker
include hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders, valves,
hydraulic pumps, fuel pumps, quantity gauges, in-
flight refueling equipment, flight control systems,
air-turbine  starters, sealing components and sys-
tems, fuel filters, fuel nozzles, rubber hoses, and
flexible connectors.

    Fifty-two of Parker's facilities in  the United
States reported  the use  of 14  33/50  Program
chemicals during the years 1988-1992.  Parker uses
these chemicals at various stages of its manufactur-
ing processes and operations, including:

•   Dichloromethane, tetrachloroethylene,  1,1,1-
    trichloroethane, and trichlorethylene are used
    as cleaning agents in degreasing operations;
Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals
by Parker Hannifin Corporation
(1000 Ibs)

33/50 Chemicals
Cadmium & Compounds
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chromium & Compounds
Cyanide
Dichloromethane
Lead & Compounds
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Nickel & Compounds
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
1 , 1 , 1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Xylene
33/50 Subtotal*
Other TRI Chemicals
Total*
* Columns may not sum to totals

1988 1992

32 17
1 NR
31 1
1 9
52 NR
5 10
442 67
16 NR
5 6
266 0
89 11
676 366
189 61
105 13
1,911 561
613 203
2,524 764
due to rounding.
NR = Not reported — use below TRI reporting
threshold.

•   Methyl- ethyl ketone and xylene are used as
    carrier solvents in the manufacture of rubber
    products;

•   Carbon tetrachloride, methyl isobutyl ketone,
    xylene, and toluene are solvents in adhesives
    and paints used at various stages of manufac-
    turing processes;

•   Cadmium, chromium, cyanide, lead, and nickel
    are used in metal finishing processes such as
    plating or coloring;  and

•   Chromium, nickel, and lead  are used as raw
    materials in steel and steel alloy that is pro-
    cessed in metal machining operations.

    In 1988, Parker's  releases  and transfers of
33/50 Program chemicals were 1,911,313 pounds.
This represented 76% of Parker's total releases
and transfers of all TRI chemicals.  Table I at the
 33/50 Program Company Profile: Parker Hannifin Corporation

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end of this profile summarizes the company's TRI
releases and transfers for the period 1988 - 1992.

    II.  CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL
                 STRATEGY

    In its 1993 Annual  Report,  Parker Hannifin
stated that "environmental progress is a goal which
is beneficial to the company's business interest as
well as to the quality of life around the world." As
a result, the company is devoting increasing atten-
tion to  improving  its   product  manufacturing
operations  with a  goal  of achieving a  cleaner
environment.

    In 1989, Parker aggressively embarked on a
proactive  approach  to   address  environmental,
health and safety concerns.  The company drafted
a comprehensive environmental and safety corpo-
rate policy  requiring each  facility to  have an
assigned  environmental   and  safety coordinator.
Parker  also  required  increased  environmental
training for its employees, and expanded its corpo-
rate staff of environmental and safety professionals.

    Parker's environmental policy places  great
emphasis on eliminating hazardous materials.  It
encourages resource conservation along with a
spectrum of waste minimization projects, including
recycling scrap paper,  reducing  emissions, and
eliminating the use of toxic chemicals.
    Activities Contributing to Reductions at
         Parker Hannifin Corporation
                    Water-Based
                   Adhesive/Paints
                       8%   Zero-Discharge
                            Metal Finishing
                                2%
 Water-Based
Rubber Cements
    33%
                               Zinc Plating
                                  1%
                            Aqueous Cleaning
                                56%
    Also as part of its comprehensive approach,
Parker identified growth opportunities and prod-
ucts that benefit the environment.  Such products
                                               include advanced smokestack emission monitoring
                                               equipment, emission-free hoses for air condition-
                                               ing, leak-free fluid connectors, and improved fuel-
                                               conserving nozzles  for  jet engines.   Parker  is
                                               currently  working toward full integration of its
                                               global manufacturing operations.   The company
                                               expects to benefit from this integration through the
                                               transfer of leading-edge environmental technolo-
                                               gies to and from its operations in North America
                                               and overseas.

                                                   III.   33/50  PROGRAM GOALS AND
                                                  POLLUTION  REDUCTION ACTIVITIES

                                                   Parker Hannifin joined the 33/50 Program  in
                                               May of 1991 with  a commitment to achieve a 50%
                                               reduction in its releases and transfers of 33/50
                                               Program chemicals by 1995, using 1988 TRI data
                                               as a  baseline.  This translates  to  a pledged re-
                                               duction of over 955,000 pounds.   The company
                                               indicated that its goals would be achieved primarily
                                               through source reduction.
                                               Parker believes that environmental
                                               progress is beneficial to both the busi-
                                               ness interests of the company and to
                                               the quality of life around the world.
    Due to the  diversity  of its  manufactured
products and product lines, Parker has divided its
reduction  efforts by chemical use category (e.g.,
solvent cleaning, adhesives, paints). Where feasi-
ble, the reduction activities identified are  imple-
mented  at the  company's manufacturing facilities
worldwide.
    To  reduce releases and  transfers of 33/50
Program chemicals at its facilities in  the United
States, the company undertook the following activi-
ties between 1988 and 1992:

•   Eliminated 756,000 pounds of releases  and
    transfers of dichloromethane, tetrachloroethyl-
    ene, 1,1,1 -trichloroethane, and trichlorethylene
    by switching to aqueous cleaning systems for
    degreasing operations.  Because the aqueous
    cleaning process  requires agitation  of the
    parts, part of the conversion involved redesign-
    ing  the racks used to hold parts during clean-
    ing  to accommodate agitation.
33(50 Program Company Profile: Parker Hannifin Corporation

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   Eliminated 453,000  pounds of releases  and
   transfers of methyl ethyl ketone and toluene
   by  substituting  water-based  solutions  for
   solvent solutions  used to carry cements in the
   manufacture  of rubber hoses.  This substi-
   tution required the addition of a drying step
   because of the relatively slow evaporation rate
   of water.

   Eliminated 109,000  pounds of releases  and
   transfers of carbon tetrachloride, methyl isobu-
   tyl  ketone, and xylene by substituting water-
   based  adhesives and paints for solvent-based
   adhesives and paints.

   Eliminated  30,000 pounds  of releases  and
   transfers  of chromium and chromium  com-
   pounds used  in  coloring processes  that are
   part of the metal finishing operations.  This
   reduction  was   achieved  through  waste
   minimization  techniques such  as  counter-
   current rinsing, reduced drag-out rates, and
   improved quality control.

   Reduced  releases and transfers of cadmium
   and cadmium compounds by 15,000 pounds by
   substituting zinc plating for all  of the cadmium
   plating process carried out in  metal  finishing
   operations.   Cyanide  releases and  transfers
   associated with the cadmium plating opera-
   tions have increased. This increase is due to
   the fact that the company switched  approxi-
   mately 50% of its cyanide treatment from on-
   site to off-site.   (Waste treated on-site  is
   reported  to TRI only for quantities not de-
   stroyed or removed, while  the full  quantity
   treated  off-site  is reported  as  a transfer).
   Parker estimates, however, that releases and
   transfers of cyanide will be eliminated by 1994
   when  the conversion to zinc  plating will be
   complete at all of its facilities.
To minimize emissions of lead during
machining operations, Parker is  work-
ing with steel suppliers to develop low
or zero lead content raw material steel.
    In addition to these activities, Parker is work-
ing with steel  suppliers to minimize emissions of
metals during machining operations by developing
         Parker Hannifin's Progress
        Towards Meeting 33/50 Goals
    3000
                      D Non-33/50
                       Chemicals
                      • 33/50 Chemicals I
                                       33/50
                                       Goal
          1988   1989   1990   1991    1992
         33/50 Goal: 50% reduction In releases and
         transfers of 33/50 chemicals by 1995
raw material steel with a low or zero lead content.
This effort is currently in the development stage,
but promising results are expected in  the future.
In the meantime, Parker achieved reductions in
metal emissions through improved scrap recovery
and  control methods.   However, because  these
reductions are relatively small, they are not mea-
sured by  the company and  therefore cannot be
quantitified.

      IV. PROGRESS TOWARDS 33/50
            REDUCTION GOALS

    As a  result of Parker's  pollution  prevention
efforts, releases  and transfers of 33/50  Program
chemicals  decreased  by  more  than  1,350,000
pounds between 1988 and 1992.  This reduction of
71 % exceeds the company's Program goal of a 50%
reduction more than three years ahead of schedule.

    Although not part of the  company's  goals,
Parker has also  achieved  a 67%  reduction in
releases and transfers for all non-33/50 TRI chemi-
cals.  Although some of Parker's reductions can be
attributed to production decreases associated with
33/50 Program Company Profile: Parker Hannifin Corporation

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economic conditions, Parker achieved the majority
of its  reductions  through  pollution  prevention
measures, primarily substitution with water-based
materials.

    In its projections for 1994, submitted as part
of the 1992 Pollution  Prevention  Act reporting
data (Table II), Parker predicts further reductions
in releases and transfers of  33/50 Program chemi-
cals.   When  the emissions reduction projects
currently underway are  completed,  the company
expects that reductions  of  releases  and transfers
will exceed 90%.

  V. SUMMARY OF PARKER HANNIFIN'S
                EXPERIENCE

    The  33/50 Program played a major role in
solidifying Parker Hannifin  Corporation's envi-
ronmental program goals.   When the company's
CEO  called  together its operating Presidents to
identify opportunities to eliminate 33/50 Program
chemicals  within  their operations,  the  group
indicated  that  they could exceed  EPA's  50%
program goal primarily by  targeting solvents for
elimination.   The  momentum created  by  this
initiative carried over  to  other operations  as
managers  saw benefits such as lower operating
expenses, fewer  hazards, and less risk.

    As a result, Parker Hannifin achieved signifi-
cant reductions  in releases and transfers of 33/50
Program chemicals.  Reductions between 1988 and
1992 totalled more  than 1,350,000 pounds, for a
71% total reduction.  Moreover, the company's
projections indicate overall reductions in excess of
90% by 1995 from  1988 levels.
33/50 Program Company Profile:  Parker Hannifin Corporation

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                Table I
      Parker Hannifin Corporation
 TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988-1992
(All data from TRI unless otherwise noted)
Chemical
Cadmium & Compounds




Carbon Tetrachloride
Chromium & Compounds




Cyanide Compounds




Pichloromethane



Lead & Compounds




Methyl ethyl ketone




Methyl isobutyl ketone
Nickel & Compounds




letrachloroethylene




Transfers Percent
Surface Off-site Change
Total Air Water Releases Transfers for Treatment/ Total Releases 1988-1992
Emissions Discharges to Land to POTW Disposal/Other and Transfers (1) Total Releases
Year (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) and Transfers
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
0
5
5
0
0
1,200
500
10
260
255
5
0
5
15
0
0
51,832
64,541
29,043
18,200
270
765
515
270
250
419,927
292,348
260,812
112,400
67,000
16,000
0
5
5
0
0
185,664
210,000
48,600
47,800
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
34
20
16
21
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
368
129
55
14
10
0
1,004
286
63
28
25
339
167
188
40
500
0
0
0
0
505
502
264
20
10
21
0
0
0
0
0
268
266
15
80
284
0
0
0
0
0
31,600
35,120
19,254
6,840
17,200
0
29,635
4,922
2,943
770
1,087
806
3,045
1,799
228
8,200
0
0
0
713
4,500
7,625
8,035
1 1 ,349
10,237
21,574
22,578
27,760
0
0
0
4,496
3,384
759
1 1 ,505
5,455
80,378
98,275
51,693
0
0
31,968
35,254
19,314
6,854
• 17,210
1,200
31,139
5,218
3,266
1,053
1,118
1,145
3,217
2,002
273
8,700
51,832
64,541
29,043
19,663
5,309
8,912
8,830
11,660
10,499
441,522
314,926
288,572
112,400
67,000
16,000
4,764
3,655
779
11,585
5,739
266,042
308,275
100,293
47,800
4




-46%
-100%




-96%




660%



-100%




98%




-85%
-100%




20%




-100%

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                                                                 Table I
                                                              t

                                                       Parker Hannifin Corporation

                                                  TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988-1992


                                                 (All data from TRI unless otherwise noted)
Chemical
Toluene




1,1,1 -Trichloroethane




Trichloroethylene




Xylene (mixed isomers)




33/50 Program Chemicals




Non-33/50 Program Chemicals




All TRI Chemicals




Percent Change. 1988-1992
33/50 Program Chemicals
Non 33/50 Program chemicals
All TRI Chemicals
Year
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992




Surface
Total Air Water Releases
Emissions Discharges to Land
(pounds) (pounds) (pounds)
89,418
78,064
89,338
73,018
10,900
631,164
627,978
549,435
402,529
362,350
152,821
132,900
97,124
1 14,557
59,175
105,400
90,500
27,000
25,000
11,800
1,654,196
1,497,121
1,102,152
794,029
511,484
362,899
435,493
360,300
283,860
166,105
2,017,095
1,932,614
1,462,452
1 ,077,889
677,589

-69%
-54%
-66%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
34
20
16
21
4
0
0
0
0
250
34
20
16
21
254

-88%
-
647%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
755
0
0
0
0
1,505
0

—
--
~
Transfers Percent
Off-site Change
Transfers for Treatment/ Total Releases 1988-1992
to POTW Disposal/Other and Transfers (1) Total Releases
(pounds) (pounds) (pounds) and Transfers
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
13
13
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,506
1,350
598
200
830
101,155
2,758
836
393
606
103,661
4,108
1,434
593
1,436

-67%
-99%
-99%
0
0
0
0
250
45,107
20,061
6,400
2,150
3,200
36,481
37,140
9,156
2,600
1,500
0
0
0
3,400
1,500
254,577
232,150
127,799
39,555
48,629
148,619
106,272
50,456
50,562
36,429
403,196
338,422
178,255
90,117
85,058

-81%
-75%
-79%
89,418
78,064
89,338
73,018
11,150
676,272
648,039
555,848
404,692
365,551
189,302
170,040
106,280
117,157
60,676
105,400
90,500
27,000
28,400
13,300
1,911,313
1,730,641
1,230,565
834,555
560,947
612,673
544,523
411,592
335,570
203,390
2,523,986
2,275,164
1,642,157
1,162,998
764,337

.-71%
-67%
-70%




-88%




-46%




-68%




-87%




. -71%

,,,,:,,.


-67%




-70%




Nptes: (1) 1991 and  1992 Total Releases and Transfers do not include off-site recycling or energy recovery.

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                                                                                            Table II
                                                                                  Parker Hannifin Corporation
                                                                              Pollution Prevention Act Reporting (1)




Chemical
33/50 Program Chemicals


Non-33/50 Program Chemicals


All TRI Chemicals


Percent Changes. 1991-1994
33/50 Program chemicals
Non 33/50 Program chemicals
All TRI Chemicals




Year
1991
1992
1994
1991
1992
1994
1991
1992
1994






Recycled
On-Site
(pounds)
0
0
0
9,000
6,100
3
9,000
6,100
3

-
-100%
-100%


Recycled
Off-Site
(pounds)
1,749,620
1,591,755
1,453,200
15,200,050
14,976,649
16,332,949
16,949,670
16,568,404
17,786,149

-17%
7%
5%

Energy
Recovery
On-Site
(pounds)
0
0
0
600
476
0
600
476
0

-
-100%
-100%

Energy
Recovery
Off-Site
(pounds)
45,105
29,521
13,005
16,604
57,731
605
61,709
87,252
13,610

-71%
-96%
-78%


Treated
On-Site
(pounds)
16,600
8,000
0
456,640
527,140
503,810
473,240
535,140
503,810

-100%
10%
6%


Treated
Off-Site
(pounds)
40,036
115,951
9,118
18,476
24,133
16,374
58,512
140,084
25,492

-77%
-11%
-56%
Percent
Change
Quantity 1991-1994
Released Quantity
(pounds) Released
663,274
533,856
45,162 -93%
206,548
172,877
52,395 -75%
869,822
706,733
97,557 -89%

-93%
-75%
-89%
Total
Production
Related
Wastes
(pounds)
2,514,635
2,279,083
1,520,485
15,907,918
15,765,106
16,906,136
18,422,553
18,044,189
18,426,621

^0%
6%
0%
Percent
Change
1991-1994
Production
Related
Wastes


-40%


6%


0%




Notes: (1) Actual data for 1991 and 1992, projections for 1994.

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