xvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics
7408
EPA 745-K-94-013
May 1994
EPA's 33/50 Program
Company Profile
Parker Hannifin Corporation
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
THE 33ISO PROGRAM
This Company Profile is part of a series of reports being developed by EPA to highlight the accomplish-
ments of companies participating in the 33/50 Program. The 33/50 Program is an EPA voluntary pollution
reduction initiative that promotes reductions in direct environmental releases and off-site transfers of 17 high-
priority toxic chemicals. The program derives its name from its overall goals - an interim goal of a 33%
reduction by 1992 and an ultimate goal of a 50% reduction by 1995. The program uses 1988 Toxics Release
Inventory (TRI) reporting as a baseline. In February, 1991, EPA began contacting the parent companies of
TRI facilities that reported using 33/50 Program chemicals since 1988 to request their participation in the 33/50
Program. As of April, 1994, a total of 1,216
companies had elected to participate in the
Program, pledging to reduce emissions of the 17
target chemicals by more than 355 million
pounds by 1995. Companies are encouraged to
set their own reduction targets, which may vary
from the Program's national 33% and 50%
reduction goals. Company commitments and
reduction pledges continue to be received by
EPA on a daily basis.
17 PRIORITY CHEMICALS TARGETED
BY THE 33/50 PROGRAM
BENZENE
CADMIUM & COMPOUNDS
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CHLOROFORM
CHROMIUM & COMPOUNDS
CYANIDES
DICHLOROMETHANE*
LEAD & COMPOUNDS
MERCURY & COMPOUNDS
METHYL ETHYL KETONE
METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE
NICKEL & COMPOUNDS
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
TOLUENE
1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
XYLENES
Also referred to as methylene chloride
The 1992 TRI data revealed that releases
and transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals de-
clined by 40% between 1988 and 1992, surpass-
ing the Program's 1992 interim reduction goal
by more than 100 million pounds. This accom-
plishment, together with evidence from analysis
of facilities' projected releases and transfers of
.the 17 priority chemicals, reported to TRI under
the Pollution Prevention Act, offers strong en-
couragement that the 33/50 Program's ultimate
goal of a 50% reduction by 1995 will be
achieved.
EPA is committed to recognizing compa-
nies for their participation in the 33/50 Program
and for the emissions reductions they achieve. The Program issues periodic Progress Reports, in which
participating companies are listed and highlighted. In addition, Company Profiles, such as this one, are being
prepared to provide more detailed information about companies that have written to EPA describing significant
emissions reduction initiatives. Information presented in these profiles is drawn primarily from the company's
written 33/50 Program communications and the annual TRI reports submitted by their facilities (including
Pollution Prevention Act data reported to TRI in Section 8 of Form R). All company communications to EPA
regarding the 33/50 Program are available to the public upon request.
EPA does not endorse the performance, worker safety, or environmental acceptability of any of the
technical options discussed in this Profile. Mention of any product or procedure in this document is for
informational purposes only, and does not constitute a recommendation of any such product or procedure,
either express or implied, by EPA.
For information on the 33/50 Program, contact the TSCA Hotline at (202) 554-1404 or contact 33/50
Program staff directly by phone at (202) 260-6907 or by mail at Mail Code 7408, Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics, U.S. EPA, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, D.C. 20460.
33/50 Program Company Profile
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Parker Hannifin Corporation
Parker Hannifin Corporation reduced its
releases and transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals
by over 1,350,000 pounds between 1988 to 1992.
This 71% reduction far exceeds the company's
33/50 Program goal of a 50% reduction by 1995.
I. CORPORATE BACKGROUND
Parker Hannifin Corporation manufactures a
broad array of motion control products for indus-
trial and aerospace applications. The company is
headquartered in Cleveland, OH and employs
nearly 26,000 individuals worldwide at 143 manu-
facturing plants and 87 administrative and sales
offices, company stores, and warehouses. Parker's
Industrial segment, which accounts for 75% of the
company's sales, is comprised of five groups: Fluid
Connectors, Motion & Control, Automotive &
Refrigeration, Seal, and Filtration. The company's
Aerospace segment is a single group with several
divisions that account for the remaining 25% of
Parker's sales.
Parker Hannifin reduced releases and
transfers of 33/50 Program chemicals by
71%, or 1,350,000pounds, between 1988
and 1992.
The company designs, markets, and manufac-
tures products for controlling motion, flow, and
pressure with over 800 product lines for hydraulic,
pneumatic and electromechanical applications.
Some typical products manufactured by Parker
include hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders, valves,
hydraulic pumps, fuel pumps, quantity gauges, in-
flight refueling equipment, flight control systems,
air-turbine starters, sealing components and sys-
tems, fuel filters, fuel nozzles, rubber hoses, and
flexible connectors.
Fifty-two of Parker's facilities in the United
States reported the use of 14 33/50 Program
chemicals during the years 1988-1992. Parker uses
these chemicals at various stages of its manufactur-
ing processes and operations, including:
• Dichloromethane, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-
trichloroethane, and trichlorethylene are used
as cleaning agents in degreasing operations;
Releases and Transfers of TRI Chemicals
by Parker Hannifin Corporation
(1000 Ibs)
33/50 Chemicals
Cadmium & Compounds
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chromium & Compounds
Cyanide
Dichloromethane
Lead & Compounds
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
Nickel & Compounds
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
1 , 1 , 1-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Xylene
33/50 Subtotal*
Other TRI Chemicals
Total*
* Columns may not sum to totals
1988 1992
32 17
1 NR
31 1
1 9
52 NR
5 10
442 67
16 NR
5 6
266 0
89 11
676 366
189 61
105 13
1,911 561
613 203
2,524 764
due to rounding.
NR = Not reported — use below TRI reporting
threshold.
• Methyl- ethyl ketone and xylene are used as
carrier solvents in the manufacture of rubber
products;
• Carbon tetrachloride, methyl isobutyl ketone,
xylene, and toluene are solvents in adhesives
and paints used at various stages of manufac-
turing processes;
• Cadmium, chromium, cyanide, lead, and nickel
are used in metal finishing processes such as
plating or coloring; and
• Chromium, nickel, and lead are used as raw
materials in steel and steel alloy that is pro-
cessed in metal machining operations.
In 1988, Parker's releases and transfers of
33/50 Program chemicals were 1,911,313 pounds.
This represented 76% of Parker's total releases
and transfers of all TRI chemicals. Table I at the
33/50 Program Company Profile: Parker Hannifin Corporation
-------
end of this profile summarizes the company's TRI
releases and transfers for the period 1988 - 1992.
II. CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL
STRATEGY
In its 1993 Annual Report, Parker Hannifin
stated that "environmental progress is a goal which
is beneficial to the company's business interest as
well as to the quality of life around the world." As
a result, the company is devoting increasing atten-
tion to improving its product manufacturing
operations with a goal of achieving a cleaner
environment.
In 1989, Parker aggressively embarked on a
proactive approach to address environmental,
health and safety concerns. The company drafted
a comprehensive environmental and safety corpo-
rate policy requiring each facility to have an
assigned environmental and safety coordinator.
Parker also required increased environmental
training for its employees, and expanded its corpo-
rate staff of environmental and safety professionals.
Parker's environmental policy places great
emphasis on eliminating hazardous materials. It
encourages resource conservation along with a
spectrum of waste minimization projects, including
recycling scrap paper, reducing emissions, and
eliminating the use of toxic chemicals.
Activities Contributing to Reductions at
Parker Hannifin Corporation
Water-Based
Adhesive/Paints
8% Zero-Discharge
Metal Finishing
2%
Water-Based
Rubber Cements
33%
Zinc Plating
1%
Aqueous Cleaning
56%
Also as part of its comprehensive approach,
Parker identified growth opportunities and prod-
ucts that benefit the environment. Such products
include advanced smokestack emission monitoring
equipment, emission-free hoses for air condition-
ing, leak-free fluid connectors, and improved fuel-
conserving nozzles for jet engines. Parker is
currently working toward full integration of its
global manufacturing operations. The company
expects to benefit from this integration through the
transfer of leading-edge environmental technolo-
gies to and from its operations in North America
and overseas.
III. 33/50 PROGRAM GOALS AND
POLLUTION REDUCTION ACTIVITIES
Parker Hannifin joined the 33/50 Program in
May of 1991 with a commitment to achieve a 50%
reduction in its releases and transfers of 33/50
Program chemicals by 1995, using 1988 TRI data
as a baseline. This translates to a pledged re-
duction of over 955,000 pounds. The company
indicated that its goals would be achieved primarily
through source reduction.
Parker believes that environmental
progress is beneficial to both the busi-
ness interests of the company and to
the quality of life around the world.
Due to the diversity of its manufactured
products and product lines, Parker has divided its
reduction efforts by chemical use category (e.g.,
solvent cleaning, adhesives, paints). Where feasi-
ble, the reduction activities identified are imple-
mented at the company's manufacturing facilities
worldwide.
To reduce releases and transfers of 33/50
Program chemicals at its facilities in the United
States, the company undertook the following activi-
ties between 1988 and 1992:
• Eliminated 756,000 pounds of releases and
transfers of dichloromethane, tetrachloroethyl-
ene, 1,1,1 -trichloroethane, and trichlorethylene
by switching to aqueous cleaning systems for
degreasing operations. Because the aqueous
cleaning process requires agitation of the
parts, part of the conversion involved redesign-
ing the racks used to hold parts during clean-
ing to accommodate agitation.
33(50 Program Company Profile: Parker Hannifin Corporation
-------
Eliminated 453,000 pounds of releases and
transfers of methyl ethyl ketone and toluene
by substituting water-based solutions for
solvent solutions used to carry cements in the
manufacture of rubber hoses. This substi-
tution required the addition of a drying step
because of the relatively slow evaporation rate
of water.
Eliminated 109,000 pounds of releases and
transfers of carbon tetrachloride, methyl isobu-
tyl ketone, and xylene by substituting water-
based adhesives and paints for solvent-based
adhesives and paints.
Eliminated 30,000 pounds of releases and
transfers of chromium and chromium com-
pounds used in coloring processes that are
part of the metal finishing operations. This
reduction was achieved through waste
minimization techniques such as counter-
current rinsing, reduced drag-out rates, and
improved quality control.
Reduced releases and transfers of cadmium
and cadmium compounds by 15,000 pounds by
substituting zinc plating for all of the cadmium
plating process carried out in metal finishing
operations. Cyanide releases and transfers
associated with the cadmium plating opera-
tions have increased. This increase is due to
the fact that the company switched approxi-
mately 50% of its cyanide treatment from on-
site to off-site. (Waste treated on-site is
reported to TRI only for quantities not de-
stroyed or removed, while the full quantity
treated off-site is reported as a transfer).
Parker estimates, however, that releases and
transfers of cyanide will be eliminated by 1994
when the conversion to zinc plating will be
complete at all of its facilities.
To minimize emissions of lead during
machining operations, Parker is work-
ing with steel suppliers to develop low
or zero lead content raw material steel.
In addition to these activities, Parker is work-
ing with steel suppliers to minimize emissions of
metals during machining operations by developing
Parker Hannifin's Progress
Towards Meeting 33/50 Goals
3000
D Non-33/50
Chemicals
• 33/50 Chemicals I
33/50
Goal
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
33/50 Goal: 50% reduction In releases and
transfers of 33/50 chemicals by 1995
raw material steel with a low or zero lead content.
This effort is currently in the development stage,
but promising results are expected in the future.
In the meantime, Parker achieved reductions in
metal emissions through improved scrap recovery
and control methods. However, because these
reductions are relatively small, they are not mea-
sured by the company and therefore cannot be
quantitified.
IV. PROGRESS TOWARDS 33/50
REDUCTION GOALS
As a result of Parker's pollution prevention
efforts, releases and transfers of 33/50 Program
chemicals decreased by more than 1,350,000
pounds between 1988 and 1992. This reduction of
71 % exceeds the company's Program goal of a 50%
reduction more than three years ahead of schedule.
Although not part of the company's goals,
Parker has also achieved a 67% reduction in
releases and transfers for all non-33/50 TRI chemi-
cals. Although some of Parker's reductions can be
attributed to production decreases associated with
33/50 Program Company Profile: Parker Hannifin Corporation
-------
economic conditions, Parker achieved the majority
of its reductions through pollution prevention
measures, primarily substitution with water-based
materials.
In its projections for 1994, submitted as part
of the 1992 Pollution Prevention Act reporting
data (Table II), Parker predicts further reductions
in releases and transfers of 33/50 Program chemi-
cals. When the emissions reduction projects
currently underway are completed, the company
expects that reductions of releases and transfers
will exceed 90%.
V. SUMMARY OF PARKER HANNIFIN'S
EXPERIENCE
The 33/50 Program played a major role in
solidifying Parker Hannifin Corporation's envi-
ronmental program goals. When the company's
CEO called together its operating Presidents to
identify opportunities to eliminate 33/50 Program
chemicals within their operations, the group
indicated that they could exceed EPA's 50%
program goal primarily by targeting solvents for
elimination. The momentum created by this
initiative carried over to other operations as
managers saw benefits such as lower operating
expenses, fewer hazards, and less risk.
As a result, Parker Hannifin achieved signifi-
cant reductions in releases and transfers of 33/50
Program chemicals. Reductions between 1988 and
1992 totalled more than 1,350,000 pounds, for a
71% total reduction. Moreover, the company's
projections indicate overall reductions in excess of
90% by 1995 from 1988 levels.
33/50 Program Company Profile: Parker Hannifin Corporation
-------
Table I
Parker Hannifin Corporation
TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988-1992
(All data from TRI unless otherwise noted)
Chemical
Cadmium & Compounds
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chromium & Compounds
Cyanide Compounds
Pichloromethane
Lead & Compounds
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Nickel & Compounds
letrachloroethylene
Transfers Percent
Surface Off-site Change
Total Air Water Releases Transfers for Treatment/ Total Releases 1988-1992
Emissions Discharges to Land to POTW Disposal/Other and Transfers (1) Total Releases
Year (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) and Transfers
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
0
5
5
0
0
1,200
500
10
260
255
5
0
5
15
0
0
51,832
64,541
29,043
18,200
270
765
515
270
250
419,927
292,348
260,812
112,400
67,000
16,000
0
5
5
0
0
185,664
210,000
48,600
47,800
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
34
20
16
21
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
368
129
55
14
10
0
1,004
286
63
28
25
339
167
188
40
500
0
0
0
0
505
502
264
20
10
21
0
0
0
0
0
268
266
15
80
284
0
0
0
0
0
31,600
35,120
19,254
6,840
17,200
0
29,635
4,922
2,943
770
1,087
806
3,045
1,799
228
8,200
0
0
0
713
4,500
7,625
8,035
1 1 ,349
10,237
21,574
22,578
27,760
0
0
0
4,496
3,384
759
1 1 ,505
5,455
80,378
98,275
51,693
0
0
31,968
35,254
19,314
6,854
• 17,210
1,200
31,139
5,218
3,266
1,053
1,118
1,145
3,217
2,002
273
8,700
51,832
64,541
29,043
19,663
5,309
8,912
8,830
11,660
10,499
441,522
314,926
288,572
112,400
67,000
16,000
4,764
3,655
779
11,585
5,739
266,042
308,275
100,293
47,800
4
-46%
-100%
-96%
660%
-100%
98%
-85%
-100%
20%
-100%
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Table I
t
Parker Hannifin Corporation
TRI Releases and Transfers, 1988-1992
(All data from TRI unless otherwise noted)
Chemical
Toluene
1,1,1 -Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Xylene (mixed isomers)
33/50 Program Chemicals
Non-33/50 Program Chemicals
All TRI Chemicals
Percent Change. 1988-1992
33/50 Program Chemicals
Non 33/50 Program chemicals
All TRI Chemicals
Year
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
Surface
Total Air Water Releases
Emissions Discharges to Land
(pounds) (pounds) (pounds)
89,418
78,064
89,338
73,018
10,900
631,164
627,978
549,435
402,529
362,350
152,821
132,900
97,124
1 14,557
59,175
105,400
90,500
27,000
25,000
11,800
1,654,196
1,497,121
1,102,152
794,029
511,484
362,899
435,493
360,300
283,860
166,105
2,017,095
1,932,614
1,462,452
1 ,077,889
677,589
-69%
-54%
-66%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
34
20
16
21
4
0
0
0
0
250
34
20
16
21
254
-88%
-
647%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
750
0
0
0
0
755
0
0
0
0
1,505
0
—
--
~
Transfers Percent
Off-site Change
Transfers for Treatment/ Total Releases 1988-1992
to POTW Disposal/Other and Transfers (1) Total Releases
(pounds) (pounds) (pounds) and Transfers
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
13
13
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,506
1,350
598
200
830
101,155
2,758
836
393
606
103,661
4,108
1,434
593
1,436
-67%
-99%
-99%
0
0
0
0
250
45,107
20,061
6,400
2,150
3,200
36,481
37,140
9,156
2,600
1,500
0
0
0
3,400
1,500
254,577
232,150
127,799
39,555
48,629
148,619
106,272
50,456
50,562
36,429
403,196
338,422
178,255
90,117
85,058
-81%
-75%
-79%
89,418
78,064
89,338
73,018
11,150
676,272
648,039
555,848
404,692
365,551
189,302
170,040
106,280
117,157
60,676
105,400
90,500
27,000
28,400
13,300
1,911,313
1,730,641
1,230,565
834,555
560,947
612,673
544,523
411,592
335,570
203,390
2,523,986
2,275,164
1,642,157
1,162,998
764,337
.-71%
-67%
-70%
-88%
-46%
-68%
-87%
. -71%
,,,,:,,.
-67%
-70%
Nptes: (1) 1991 and 1992 Total Releases and Transfers do not include off-site recycling or energy recovery.
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Table II
Parker Hannifin Corporation
Pollution Prevention Act Reporting (1)
Chemical
33/50 Program Chemicals
Non-33/50 Program Chemicals
All TRI Chemicals
Percent Changes. 1991-1994
33/50 Program chemicals
Non 33/50 Program chemicals
All TRI Chemicals
Year
1991
1992
1994
1991
1992
1994
1991
1992
1994
Recycled
On-Site
(pounds)
0
0
0
9,000
6,100
3
9,000
6,100
3
-
-100%
-100%
Recycled
Off-Site
(pounds)
1,749,620
1,591,755
1,453,200
15,200,050
14,976,649
16,332,949
16,949,670
16,568,404
17,786,149
-17%
7%
5%
Energy
Recovery
On-Site
(pounds)
0
0
0
600
476
0
600
476
0
-
-100%
-100%
Energy
Recovery
Off-Site
(pounds)
45,105
29,521
13,005
16,604
57,731
605
61,709
87,252
13,610
-71%
-96%
-78%
Treated
On-Site
(pounds)
16,600
8,000
0
456,640
527,140
503,810
473,240
535,140
503,810
-100%
10%
6%
Treated
Off-Site
(pounds)
40,036
115,951
9,118
18,476
24,133
16,374
58,512
140,084
25,492
-77%
-11%
-56%
Percent
Change
Quantity 1991-1994
Released Quantity
(pounds) Released
663,274
533,856
45,162 -93%
206,548
172,877
52,395 -75%
869,822
706,733
97,557 -89%
-93%
-75%
-89%
Total
Production
Related
Wastes
(pounds)
2,514,635
2,279,083
1,520,485
15,907,918
15,765,106
16,906,136
18,422,553
18,044,189
18,426,621
^0%
6%
0%
Percent
Change
1991-1994
Production
Related
Wastes
-40%
6%
0%
Notes: (1) Actual data for 1991 and 1992, projections for 1994.
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