legion
ublic Report
October-November
The Notional Environmental Symposium
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Environmental
Citizen representatives to a recent EPA sponsored
symposium agreed almost unanimously that access to
timely, clear environmental information is the single
most important issue facing citizen groups. And, it must
be free, they said.
This position, taken at the First Environmental
Information Symposium, held in Cincinnati during
September of 1972, was taken by representatives of such
diverse groups as the League of Women Voters, Sierra
Club, Environmental Defense Fund, Environmental
Policy Center, National Audubon Society and numerous
local groups from throughtout the country.
One of the key catch phrases discussed was the
"tyranny of information."
Access to information is access to power, one panel
member said. Yes, said another, but you've got to
remember that "Garbage in is garbage out," meaning
that just because you have access to information doesn't
mean the information can necessarily be trusted.
One group representative offered three suggestions as
to why citizen groups have trouble getting information:
1) Local politicians sometimes just don't want to provide
it; 2) Some old-line bureaucrats consider citizens a
nuisance, and 3) There is a shortage of people to do the
work required to make the information available.
Victor Yannacone, a dominant figure in early public
interest litigation, suggested that some kind of open
forum other than the courtroom, is needed to force
consideration of conflicting data.
Citizens' concerns for the availability of information
were echoed by members of a similar panel from the
business and industry sector, although the latter in-
dicated that finances are not normally a limitation in
data acquisition. The major concerns of business are 1)
That Federal and State officials ought to be clear as to
what the rules of the cleanup game are and 2) That in-
formation on government research grants that may have
an impact on business should be available at a stage
early enough to allow business to offer some counter
argument, if needed and 3) That government generated
information is often "catch as catch can."
To observers of the environmental movement for the
last few years it was apparent at the symposium that
citizen activitists have moved beyond the fad stage and
rolled up their sleeves and dug in. Groups like the
Environmental Defense Fund and the Sierra Club are
recognizing the importance of computers and in-
formation systems. The brashness of the movement of a
few years ago has subsided and a new determined group
of professionals has emerged. Barbara Reid, for
example, joined with a half dozen other Washington-
based environmentalists to become a registered lobbyist
in behalf of the environment. Ms. Reid was the Midwest
representative for the first Earth Day. Some of the old
neo-Luddites have left the movement and a new citizen-
technocrat is emerging.
Yet there remained an insistence that information be
free. "We pay taxes for this stuff," said Professor Emily
Alman of Rutgers University, "so there is no reason why
we should have to pay again." Some librarians, who are
obligated to serve their agencies first, and institutions
and the public second, believe these outside groups
should be forced to pay for information. "Information is
just like electricity or water or any other resource," said
one librarian, "you have to pay
Public Right
or Private Resource
law. If a person or group is prohibited from participating
in environmental litigation because he cannot afford to
acquire the information needed, is he being denied due
process? When this question was raised during the
symposium, Victor Yannacone speculated that putting a
price on information would in fact deny equal protection
of the law.
It was noted that politicians are oft times relieved
when a court attempts to resolve conflicting en-
vironmental data. But in the future, many see society
moving more and more towards a technocratic posture,
where decisions will have to be based more and more on
what one scientist and his computer say as opposed to
what another scientist and his computer say is going to
happen. Like the citizen activist, the political decision
maker will have to have access to vast amounts of easily
understandable information.
On the dissemination of newly developed information
from the academic community, it was suggested that
research scientists submit their papers to trade journals
and some of the more popular publications, rather than
only to professional journals, making information more
readily available to the public.
It was also suggested that provisions requiring the
researcher to make dissemination of his research as
wide as possible should be written into research contract
or grant awards.
There was general agreement that there are now a
sufficient number of systems for information storage and
retrieval, that technology is at least ten years ahead of
the people who use it and that emphasis should now be
placed on developing the systems now available so that
they are genuinely informative and useful.
As EPA Administrator William Ruckelshaus told the
Symposium, "the most important objective for the future
of information technology, therefore, is to place this
rapidly evolving discipline in its proper relationship with
man so that it can serve him and not control him."
just like electricity or water or any other resource,'
one librarian, "you have to pay for it."
This brings up the question of equal protection of the
Shirley Temple Black, special assistant to the Chair-
man of the Council on Environmental Quality, speaks at
the Environmental Information Symposium.
PAGE 2
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EPA Information Sources and Services
When the Environmental Protection Agency was
formed it brought together many different components
from over a dozen different parent Federal agencies and
departments. Current information sources were
inherited from a multitude and variety of organizations,
including Federal agencies, private industry, and
universities. No single comprehensive, linked and
coordinated information network existed. The Agency
has therefore moved quickly and deliberately to improve
this interaction of hardware, software, systems, and
facilities.
The key elements of EPA's information network in-
clude the following programs and projects.
First, the Office of Public Affairs provides public in-
formation services and support to Agency programs and
operations, and develops and administers a cohesive
information program for the Agency, including
publications, audiovisual materials, and exhibits. This
office is the principal point of liaison with civic, service
and other groups having an interest in the mission and
activities of EPA.
Second, EPA Libraries in the regions, research cen-
ters, and laboratories have established cooperative
programs to make the collections available to all EPA
staff. Centralized programs have been established to
support a wide range of acquisitions, processing,
literature searching and bibliographic services.
Third, EPA Information Centers have been identified
and steps taken to strengthen the linkages between and
among these facilities, including the creation of "current
awareness" capabilities, establishing user seminars,
reducing search turnaround time and more effectively
interrelating data bases.
Fourth, an EPA-wide Information Systems Committee
was established in 1971 to identify information gaps,
overlaps, systems and standard data elements, as well
as recommend Agency-wide information management
policies and programs.
Fifth, the conduct of a comprehensive inventory of
EPA information systems.
Sixth, the conduct of a comprehensive survey of EPA
computer equipment and facility needs to determine how
best to optimize needed equipment power and physical
location with information system operational needs.
Seventh, the conduct of a survey to identify, define,
validate and establish priorities for all requirements for
the acquisition, processing, and utilization of en-
vironmental pollution monitoring data.
Finally, the National Environmental Information
Symposium, which will result in preparation of a com-
prehensive report to the Administrator identifying
specific follow - on actions and steps that could be taken
by the various governmental and private groups to
strengthen and improve coordination among and bet-
ween these segments as regards the production,
organization, and dissemination of environmental in-
formation. Additional EPA information resources:
PUBLICATION AND INFORMATION SECTION
Division of Pesticide Community Studies
U.S. EPA
Chamblee, GA 30341
404-633-3311
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SERVICES
Office of Solid Waste Management Programs
U.S. EPA
Washington, D.C. 20460
301-443-1824
PLANNING AND TRAINING BRANCH
Office of Solid Waste Management
National Environmental Research Center
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-684-4341
OFFICE OF AIR PROGRAMS
National Environmental Research Center
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
NATIONAL AIR DATA BRANCH
National Environmental Research Center
Durham, NC 27701
919-549-3411
AIR POLLUTION TECHNICAL INFORMATION
CENTER
National Environmental Research Center
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
919-688-8537
STORET
U.S. EPA
Washington, D.C. 20460
703-557-7617
Publishes two periodicals, maintains a collection of
library reference material, maintains a system for or-
dering, distribution and storage of publications
emanating from research, performs literature searches,
prepares bibliographies, provides information.
Collects, stores, and disseminates information relevant
to worldwide technological development of solid waste
management.
Provides technical assistance and direct training ser-
vice.
Collects and processes air pollution data, analyzes for
trend and meaningful results, publishes and
disseminates air pollution information.
Issues AP series of reports and APTD series of reports.
Central computer oriented segment of the National
Water Quality Surveillance and Information System for
storing and retrieving data and information on water
quality, water quality standards, pollution - caused fish
kills, municipal and industrial waste discharges,
continued on next page
PAGE 3
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Sources and Services continued from page 3
manpower and training needs, and waste abatement
needs, costs and implementation schedules.
OFFICE OF RADIATION PROGRAMS
U.S. EPA
Washington, D.C. 20460
301-443-4796
ENVIRON
U.S. EPA
Washington, D.C. 20460
202-755-0811
NOISE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM
Office of Noise Abatement and Control
U.S. EPA
Washington, D.C. 20460
INDUSTRIAL WASTE LITERATURE
Effluent Guidelines Division
Engineerings and Science staff
National Environmental Research Center
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-684-4368
OFFICE OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES
U.S. EPA
Washington, D.C. 20460
202-755-0777
Issues Radiation Data and Reports and publishes and
distributes technical reports.
Environmental Information Retrieval On-Line, an on-
line interactive information retrieval system.
NOISE (Noise Information Service) contains citations
and abstracts of publications accessible from remote
computer terminal.
Maintains record of all Environmental Impact
Statements (EIS), publishes list of most recent EIS's it
has reviewed, provides information on availability of
EIS's.
INFORMATION SOURCES
Survey of Non-Government Publications Containing Environmental Information Of Use
To Managers And Planners.
The following lists are exerpted from a speech -
"Survey of Nongovernment Publications Containing
Environmental Information of Use to Managers and
Planners" presented by Ramune Kubiliunas of
Predicasts, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio at the National
Environmental Information Symposium.
INFORMATION SOURCES
SURVEY OF NONGOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
CONTAINING ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
OF USE TO MANAGERS AND PLANNERS
ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION FROM NON-
ENVIRONMENTALLY CENTERED PUBLICATIONS
General business publications
Feature and news stories in general business
publications provide broad, nontechnical information in
the environmental area.
Barrens
Business Week
Commercial and Financial Chronicle
Financial World
Fortune
Industry Week
Journal of Commerce
New York Times
U.S. News and World Report
Wall Street Journal
Industry and Trade Association publications
Industry and trade associations are a primary source
for environmental information through their reports on
the activities, problems, expenditures and results of
their industry's pollution control efforts. Such in-
formation is found in the news releases, bulletins,
PAGE 4
publications or special reports produced by the
associations many on a more or less regular basis.
American Chemical Society
American Iron and Steel Institute
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
American Paper Institute
American Petroleum Institute
Chemical Marketing Research Association
Industrial Gas Cleaning Institute
Institute of Scrap Iron and Steel
National Coal Association
Society of the Plastics Industry
Technical Assn. of the Pulp & Paper Inds (TAPPI)
Trade Magazines
The trade magazines of specific industries are key
sources for technical as well as nontechnical en-
vironmental information. They report what is being
done, where and how it is being done, who is doing it, and
how much it is costing.
Agriculture:
Agricultural Chemicals
Farm Chemicals and Croplife
Feeds tuffs
Mining & Minerals:
Coal Age
Engineering & Mining Journal
Oil & Gas Journal
Rock Products
Paper:
Boxboard Container
Paperboard Packaging
Paper Trade Journal
Pulp and Paper
continued on next page
-------
continued from page 4
Chemicals:
Chemical & Engineering News
Chemical Marketing Reporter
Chemical Week
Modern Plastics
Plastics World
Rubber World
Metals & Metalworking:
American Machinist
American Metal Market
Automotive News
Electronic News
Iron Age
Direct Information from Companies
Some companies can directly provide information on
their environmental activites in three particular ways.
ANNUAL REPORTS define expenditures and plans for
pollution control as well as long term environmental
objectives. SPEECHES made by company represen-
tatives - and often reported in the Wall Street Transcript
- may center on environmental problems. And some
companies produce BROCHURES on environmental
problems and solutions.
ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION FROM EN-
VIRONMENTAL SOURCES
Environmental Association
Non-government environmental associations can also
be key sources for environmental information, much of a
highly technical nature. Associations that publish
bulletins or reports useful to managers and planners
include:
Air Pollution Control Association
American Academy of Environmental Engineers
American Water Resources Association
American Water Works Association
Environmental Engineering Intersociety Board
Environmental Equipment Institute
Institute of Environmental Science
National Water Purification Foundation
National Center for Solid Waste Management
National Council for Air and Stream Improvement
National Pollution Control Foundation
Water Conditioning Association International
Water Conditioning Research Council
Water Conditioning Foundation
Water Equipment Wholesalers & Suppliers Assn.
Water & Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers Assn.
Water Pollution Control Federation
Environmental Journals
Environmental journals, many of which are published
by the associations listed above, provide a wealth of
information for managers and planners. While much of
the information is technical, there is also invaluable
economic and marketing information.
Air-Water Pollution Report
Air & Water News Weekly
Air Engineering
All Clear
American Water Works Association Journal
Atmospheric Report
Clean Water Report
Compost Science
Contamination Control
Environment
Environmental Science & Technology
Environmental Research
Environmental Technology & Economics
Ground Water
Ground Water Age
Industrial Water Engineering
Industrial Wastes
Natural Resources Journal
Oceanology
Pipe Progress
Pollution Equipment News
Pure Water
Reclamation Era
Scrap Age
Secondary Raw Materials
Sierra Club Bulletin
Solid Wastes Management
Waste Age
Waste Trade Journal
Water Conditioning
Water & Sewage Works
Water Research
Water Pollution
Water & Wastes Digest
Water & Pollution Control
Water & Wastes Engineering
Water Works & Waste Engineering
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
The total output of material on the environment is
staggering and overwhelming, necessitating utilization
of services that help discriminate and locate the specific
information needed.
Indexing and Abstracting Services
These services provide compiled information arranged
in a logical sequence from numerous identified sources.
Accession Bulletin of Solid Waste Information
Acoustics Abstracts
Air Pollution Abstracts
Applied Science & Technology Index
Biological & Agricultural Index
Business Periodicals Index
Chemical Abstracts
Chemical Market Abstracts
Conservation Directory
Engineering Index
F&S Index of Corporations & Industries
Output Systems
Pollution Abstracts
Waste Trade Directory
Water Resources Abstracts
Water Pollution Abstracts
Market Research Services
Some of the best handlers of environmental in-
formation are professional market research companies
and divisions which compile and analyze hundreds of
bits of information, and produce concise, comprehensive
reports on specific topics. For example, McGraw-Hill's
Research Division publishes annually a Pollution Control
Expenditures Survey by industry. Battelle has com-
pleted an EPA sponsored study for the National
Association of Secondary Material Industries. And
Predicasts, Inc. has recently published studies on Solid
Waste Disposal, Water Treatment Chemicals, and Water
Pollution Control Equipment. These reports are valuable
to any user who does not have access to sophisticated
market research techniques or information retrieval
systems, or who does not have the time necessary to
compile such information. Other companies producing
market research reports include A.D. Little, Stanford
Research, C.H. Kline, Spear & Staff, and Noyes Data.
PAGE 5
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Excerpts From
THE CONQUEST OF THE OVERLOAD
A speech by William D. Ruckelshaus presented at the National Environmental In-
formation Symposium on September 25. 1972.
After some digging I found out a few weeks
ago that environmental information is
generated by some 75 different sources in the
Federal Government alone. More than a dozen
Federal agencies play some role in collecting
and disseminating this information. Within
EPA we have identified a number of separate
information systems.
Many of you have had frustrating first-hand
experience with this problem in industry, in
academic life, in the media, and in govern-
ment, and the present conference should
provide ample opportunity to wrestle with it. I
look forward to the day, hopefully not too far
distant, when all the research on any subject -
and all relevant administrative information -
is instantly available to those who need it. Our
present repositories are hopelessly obsolete
for the job they have to do.
The time and effort which must be expended
to get out the necessary data are often so
great, I'm told, that scientists must proceed
without them. Occasionally, valid ex-
periments are needlessly repeated because
investigators had no knowledge of prior work.
For management, the lack of data can retard
project timetables, render economic
forecasting hazardous, mislead us on labor
market conditions and present obstacles to
timely investment. Not having information on
hand about the social impact of government or
private programs can seriously disrupt
communities. We simply can't afford this kind
of waste and confusion. Not when life itself
may depend upon the progress and swift
dissemination of the findings of science.
In the course of your deliberations you must
lay the foundations for a continuous dialog
between the producers and managers of en-
vironmental data and their fast growing
clienteles. You must make it easy for activists,
trade associations, professional societies and
government agencies to analyze the common
PAGE 6
denominators of their needs as they relate to
the user complex as a whole. You must help
reporters get their stories so they can build
public consciousness of costs and benefits.
The benefits of a broader base of usable
information would be dramatic. We would
gain a much sharper picture of the impact of
pollutants on biosystems. We could monitor
both short and long-term trends and take
remedial action before a problem became too
intractable. We could develop a more
sophisticated index of the true costs and
benefits of pollution control. And we might
even speed the evolution of a new philosophy of
environmental stewardship if we could show
the connection between our ideology and
rampant pollution, congestion, ugliness, and
decay.
If we were better able to predict the con-
sequences of our actions, many actions might
never be undertaken at all. We could abandon
technological determinism - the doctrine that
we must do whatever we can do - in favor of
consciously deciding our own fate and the
structure of society.
When that happens, the undercurrent of
hostility to impersonal science will fade away.
Scientific knowledge, now suspect, can
become a resource which undergirds and thus
controls all other resources. Such knowledge is
undoubtedly the most concentrated form of
wealth, the most enduring, the most
marketable. It may in time completely
transform our conventional choices - limiting
some, vastly expanding others, and making
mere things obsolete as indices of personal
and social well-being.
At the same time, there are dangers. In-
formation with a high operational payoff will
reinforce the power of managerial elites. It
will tend to broaden the gulf between those
who command the new technology and those
-------
who cannot. So information technology is
potentially anti-democratic.
Moreover, it is in the nature of vested in-
terests -- government, business, labor,
education ~ to try to control access to in-
formation that might thwart their purposes.
Without careful safeguards, data retrieval
could become a force for monopoly or special
privilege and in the hands of a tyrant, a
weapon to control and coerce. The information
in scientific data banks should therefore be
open to all.
It is equally vital that government decision-
making processes be open to the people. I am
convinced that if an environmental decision is
to be credible with the public it must be made
in the full glare of the limelight. It won't work
for me to call a conference, announce a
complicated and far-reaching decision, and let
the public figure out later what has happened.
We must lay our evidence on the table where it
may be cross-examined by the technically
informed and the public alike.
I fully understand the specialist's desire to
seek a quiet spot to contemplate and carefully
work out rational solutions. I sympathize with
his distaste of the hysteria that sometimes
accompanies public discussion of en-
vironmental issues. However, the demands of
an open society will not permit the luxury of
withdrawal. Our obligation is to make a public
accounting - to explain why we have taken or
refused to take certain actions. You must
participate in this process of public education
if it is to succeed.
This means that scientists, computer men
and information managers will have to be
more active in the public forum, laying out the
facts and helping to formulate and clarify
issues. When complex questions confound the
layman there is no substitute for reliable
evidence and sound advice. No one opinion can
expect to dominate the formation of policy, but
sound policy-making is impossible without a
thorough exposition of all relevant facts and
views.
The image of the disinterested professional
breaking down the barriers of ignorance,
wiping out misconceptions, discovering new
facts, laying the foundations for knowledge,
prosperity, progress and peace - this image
has been enormously influential and per-
suasive as a model of stewardship.
It will continue to be if we treat technology
as a means, and never as a goal in itself.
Today, information technology provides us
with a potential for formulating and ordering
our priorities from the small community to the
world as a whole. It can greatly augment
managerial decision-making. It can liberate
us from ignorance and enable us to develop
more depth as individuals. It can narrow the
gap between the haves and have-nots. It can
facilitate cooperation for peace.
But unless our information technology, from
common language down to the newest com-
puter, is used wisely we will not be able to
make policy effectively anywhere else, and we
will surely lose public support for science.
For a long time the benefits of science were
accepted more or less without question. But in
recent years there has been a change in our
thinking. People no longer want benefits
without being informed of the dangers.
They realize that inherent in the use of
nuclear electricity to provide air conditioning
is an implicit acceptance of the hazards of
radiation and thermal discharge. They realize
that having cheap and plentiful food means
putting up with some crop chemicals whose
safety can never be proven absolutely. They
know that having a car means tolerating the
problems that go with the convenience.
Until recently, it seemed there was nothing
we could not do. Now we are repeatedly and
most congently reminded that we depend on
living processes for survival - processes we
only dimly understand and cannot control or
supplant.
The most important objective for the future
of information technology, therefore, is to
place this rapidly evolving discipline in its
proper relationship with man so that it can
serve him and not control him. It could bring
us to the threshold of a new kind of civilization.
Whether we cross it and take the next step in
the endless evolution of mankind toward
reason and serenity remains to be seen. The
choice, however, is with us - not with our
machines.
PAGE?
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GOOD NEWS
Chicago syndicated columnist Paul Harvey said
recently that businesses are finding that depollution is
good business because the byproducts of pollution control
are profitable. "The papermaker who has done most to
reduce pollution from his pulp mill also leads all other
papermakers in earnings - per - share growth," said
Harvey. He said it means a big capital investment to
install the equipment necessary to recycle waste, but
there are long-term profits to be harvested. "Again -- you
start out to do the right thing for the right reason, almost
inevitably you end up profiting in the process," he noted.
The Wabash River has been cleared of logjams which
caused flooding and thereby seriously threatened the
health of citizens living on the river, according to an
editorial in the Portland, Inc., Commercial Review by
Gary Hengstler. Adams County Sanitarian Dennis
Bollenbacher and Jay County Sanitarian Robert Jack
were responsible for the logjam clearing, Hengstler said.
"Hopefully, the problem has been solved. But wouldn't it
be a safer and perhaps more economical solution to
perform periodic maintenance on the river to prevent
such jams from forming again?" the editorial asked.
The fight to save Illinois waterways from the blight of
pollution showed marked success during the year ending
June 30, according to new water quality data released by
the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. Dramatic
increases in helpful dissolved oxygen and comparable
decreases in harmful fecal coliform occurred in fiscal
year 1972, the report indicated. The state-wide im-
provement in water quality was announced in a speech
by William L. Blaser, Director of the Illinois Environ-
mental Protection Agency, to the Illinois Wildlife
Federation in Springfield.
Pollution of Ohio's waterways by pesticides is at a
near-zero level, according to the Ohio Department of
Health. The Health Department reported that test
results, based on its 1972 monitoring program at 10 sites,
indicated pesticide levels were well within the recom-
mended standards of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
In a recently released publication entitled "Ecology
and You," put out by the University of Wisconsin -
Extension, there are over a hundred practical everyday
suggestions about how to do one's part for ecology. The
publication recommends that newspapers be saved for
recycling, that flies be killed with a swatter or sticky fly
PAGES
tape rather than aerosol pesticides, and that the use of
electricity be minimized, among other things.
A contract to monitor air at selected locations in the
State of Illinois for the presence of mercury and lead has
been awarded to Commercial Testing and Engineering
Company of Chicago by the State of Illinois Institute for
Environmental Quality. The purpose of the work is to
measure the concentration of these harmful substances
in both residential and industrial areas. Areas to be
monitored include Chicago, East St. Louis, Evanston,
Freeport, South Holland and Wood River.
This high-volume air sampler, located next to the
Kennedy Expressway in Chicago, is being operated
continuously. The Illinois air sampling project will
determine the amount of lead produced by automotive
and truck emissions and from other industrial sources.
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SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR PROVISIONS
OF THE CONFERENCE "WATER BILL"
TITLE I - RESEARCH AND
RELATED PROGRAMS
1. Goals and Policy - A national goal to eliminate the
discharge of pollutants by 1985 is announced. An interim
goal - the attainment of water quality or quality to
support fish and wildlife by 1983 is also provided.
2. The law would be changed to provide that EPA
determine the need for and the value of water storage in
Federal water resource projects.
3. No hydroelectro projects can include storage for the
purpose of water quality control unless the
Administrator certifies the need. (This is a new
provision.)
4. The old section 3 (c), Basin Planning Projects, and
Federal support, are retained.
5. There is a requirement that a national water quality
surveillance system monitoring the quality of navigable
water, the contiguous zone and ocean be established.
EPA is to utilize the research of NASA, NOAA, USGS,
and the Coast Guard in designing such a system.
6. A cost benefit research study on tools and techniques
for such activity shall be conducted and reported to the
Congress.
7. The Conference Bill requires that EPA construct the
National Marine Water Quality Laboratory.
8. Research and demonstration on vessel waste
systems have been transferred from EPA to the Coast
Guard.
9. A waste oil disposal and utilization study is required
with a report to the Congress within 18 months,
10. Annual reports will be required on research ac-
tivities devoted toward developing methods and systems
for reducing the total flow of sewage.
Section 105 - Grant and Research Development
1. Grants are provided for demonstration river
programs.
2. Grants are authorized to assist in the development of
waste management methods directed toward no
discharge of pollutants and toward new and improved
testing methods.
State Program Grants
State program grants authority under existing law is
substantially revised.
1. Authorizations are_ increased to $60 million in FY
1973 and $75 million in FY 1974.
2. Allocations of grant monies are to be made in ac-
cordance with the extent of the pollution problem of the
various States.
3. States must not reduce expenditures below those for
FY 1971.
4. Beginning with FY 1974, State grants will be con-
tingent upon State monitoring programs complying with
Section 305 and State authority to act in emergency
situations as provided in Section 304.
Great Lakes Corps Participation
The legislation directs the Corps to design a waste
water management program to rehabilitate Lake Erie.
EPA will co-operate with the Corps in such a design.
Detailed engineering design of such program is con-
tingent upon further legislative approval of the Congress.
TITLE II - GRANTS FOR
CONSTRUCTION AND TREATMENT
WORKS
Lake Tahoe Study
EPA in conjunction with other governmental agencies
is to conduct a study of appropriate Federal and State
interest in the Lake Tahoe region and to provide to the
Congress within 1 year a legislative program in that
regard.
In-Place Toxic Pollutants
EPA in conjunction with the Corps is authorized to
remove and dispose in-place plllutants in harbors and the
navigable waters. $15 million is authorized for such
activity.
1. $18 billion of contract grant authority is provided for
Fiscal Years 1973,1974, and 1975 for new projects.
2. $350 million is authorized to be appropriated for
Fiscal Year 1972 (authority appropriated but heretofore
unauthorized) for grants to be made in accordance with
Section 8 of the Act as it existed prior to the enactment of
the 1972 Amendments.
3. $2 billion is authorized to be appropriated for the
purpose of reimbursements at 50 percent or 55 percent
level for projects constructed during the period 1966 to
1972.
4. $750 million is authorized to be appropriated for
reimbursement at the 30 percent level for projects
constructed during the period 1956 to 1966.
5. The Federal share for new projects constructed with
Fiscal Year 1972 funds (grant authority) and Fiscal Year
continued on next page
PAGE 9
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1973, FY 1974, and FY 1975 (contract-grant authority)
shall be 75 percent. There is no percentage requirement
for State or community match.
6. A minimum of secondary treatment would be
required for all new projects the construction of which is
commenced after enactment but prior to June, 1974.
Thereafter, best practicable control technology must be
employed.
7. Allocation shall be made in accordance with the Cost
of Clean Water survey of needs (incorporated by
reference as a published House document). For Fiscal
Years 1973 and 1974 the Federal share to be allocated in
accordance with reference document totals $11 billion.
Allocation for Fiscal Year 1975 shall be in accordance
with a new needs survey and a subsequent legislative
enactment.
8. User charges will be applied to all users of the
facility for operation and maintenance. An additional
charge will be applied to industrial users for the capital
cost. The community may retain an amount equal to the
non-Federal share of the cost of construction and an
additional amount determined in accordance with
regulations for the expansion and reconstruction of the
project. Any remainder is to be returned to the Treasury.
9. Before approving projects, other requirements to be
met include: certification against excessive infiltration
of the sewer system, pre-treatment, compliance with
regional plans to areawide plans under Section 208.
10. Eligibility as far as the type of construction works
for which funds may be provided now include storm and
combined sewers, collection sewers, and recycled water
supply facilities. Storm combined sewer projects shall be
the subject of guidelines promulgated by the
Administrator with respect to eligibility.
11. Areawide waste treatment management plans
must be developed for designated areas, taking into
account all municipal and industrial point and non-point
sources, background deposits, potential future pollution
sources, so as to devise a phased comprehensive address
to water pollution control in such areas. A State-wide
plan embracing all of the States not designated for
areawide planning shall be the subject of a State-wide
plan. Approximately three years after enactment, plans
must be submitted for Federal approval along with a
designation of the management agency to carry out the
plan. After such plan and management agency have been
approved, all grants for such area must be in accordance
with the approved plan and payable to the management
agency.
TITLE III - STANDARDS
AND ENFORCEMENT
1. Effluent Limitations
The Administrator would be directed, within one year
after the date of enactment, to identify in guidelines the
PAGE 10
best practicable control technology for industrial
categories, taking into account processes involved, age
of equipment, and cost, considered on a national in-
dustry-wide basis. In addition, the Administrator would
be obliged to identify best available control technology
and technology which would achieve the elimination of
the discharge of pollutants. Again, the Administrator
would be directed to take into account differing in-
dustrial processes, age of the equipment, and cost,
considered on a national basis. Industrial dischargers
would be obliged to achieve as a minimum best prac-
ticable control technology in accordance with the
guidelines. During the second phase, all industrial
dischargers would be obliged to achieve best available
control technology not later than July 1, 1983. The 1985
goal of no discharge of pollutants is not legally required
under this legislation.
Existing water quality standards for interstate waters
are preserved and extended to intra-State waters during
the first year after enactment. The existing mechanism
for State establishment, Federal review and
promulgation, and review of water quality standards, is
continued, provided that the periodic revision of such
standards necessary to meet the requirements of this Act
shall be limited to use designations and criteria. Insofar
as the application of best practicable control technology
or best available control technology can be determined to
be insufficient to meet water quality standards targets,
additional controls sufficient to meet such targets must
be employed.
Each State, for all the waters within that State, shall
establish the maximum daily load of pollutants per-
mitted for those waters so as not to impair propagation of
fish and wildlife. A similar analysis and assessment for
thermal discharges are also required.
In addition to technology control guidelines, in-
formation with respect to water quality criteria, in-
tegrity factors and methods and procedures for control of
non-point source pollution will be required.
2. On January 1,1974, EPA will provide to the Congress
an inventory of all point sources of discharge (including
a quantitative and qualitative analysis of such) and will
also identify existing water quality, and provide an
assessment of that water quality which presently
satisfies the 1983 water quality goals, which will satisfy
those goals in 1977 or 1983 or which will not meet such
goals by 1983.
3. The States, beginning in 1975, will submit annual
reports to the Congress and EPA, similar in content to
those which EPA is obliged to submit in 1974, with the
additional requirement that the States propose and
identify costs for programs for non-point source control.
4. New source performance standards
Within one year after the date of enactment, EPA is
required to promulgate effluent standards for new
sources, including, but not limited to, 28 identified
categories. These effluent limitations guidelines must
identify best available control technology which would be
continued on page J5
-------
Michigan
State's
Waste
Control
Authority IN
PAGE 11
-------
sfory and phofos fay Helen Starr
Michigan State University can make a number of claims to
uniqueness - it was the first land grant college in the United States, it
has the country's largest residence hall system on one campus and the
largest married housing complex in the world, and now it is the first
university in the country to establish a comprehensive Waste Control
Authority.
On the five square mile developed area of the MSU campus, a student
and staff population of 65,000 generating between 200 and 250 tons of
solid waste a week could become a nightmarish problem. Back in 1970
the faculty and Board of Trustees were able to agree that the problem
was getting out of hand and that a comprehensive review of the waste
situation on the campus was needed, particularly to outline needs of a
planned school of medicine. A St. Louis consulting engineering firm
identified the qualitative nature of waste problems on the campus and
recommended the establishment of a university-wide agency to deal
with those problems. It came about, then, that the MSU Waste Control
Authority was established in 1971 - the first and still the only such
comprehensive control authority on any campus in the U.S.
"Our approach to the solutions is unique here," says Mark
Rosenhaft, Director of the Authority since January of this year.
Rosenhaft explains that the Authority is not interested in simply ap-
plying existing solutions to the problems confronting the campus. "We
look comprehensively at a problem and hope to be able to develop
alternatives to current practices."
At the present time this approach is only being developed. With a
budget of only $41,000 for its first year (about $1 for each student), the
Authority has little university money available for research. So while
grant money is being sought for pilot research into unique solutions, the
Authority has actively worked to apply current technology and
methods to begin to clean up some of the pollution problems on the
campus. The WCA acts in this manner as the environmental action arm
of the university and Sue Carter, WCA staff member and a recent MSU
graduate, spends her time organizing recycling and cleanup programs.
She also has been assigned to spread the word on pollution control
through a developing education program, which includes slides talks in
the dorms.
While microbiologist Rosenhaft works to develop comprehensive
approaches to pollution control and Sue Carter gets to work on
problems with available methods, four WCA Subcommittees consider
current university practices and develop proposals in the fields of
animal waste, chemical waste, recycling, and solid waste. The sub-
committees are the point at which university staff members, faculty
and students cooperate formally. This cooperation makes solutions
develop with greater ease in the university community. Carter has
found high student involvement in environmental protection and so
much enthusiasm that "there is no problem getting volunteer help."
And Rosenhaft points out that the expertise of the faculty can be used
on a consulting basis with success. In addition the administration and
PAGE 12
-------
operationally-involved people have been cooperative and willing to try
nearly any control project, at least on a pilot basis.
While the cooperation of segments of the university community is
necessary, Rosenhaft stresses that much of the effectiveness of the
Director of the Waste Control Authority at MSU can be attributed to the
fact that he has a position of access to the higher university authorities
- that is, Rosenhaft reports directly to the Executive Vice President,
facilitating communication and decision-making.
Already this school year the university has been put to work on a
number of WCA projects. October marked the beginning of a paper
recycling project aimed at giving a second life to some of the 20 tons of
newsprint generated by the university each week, mostly from the
daily paper the State News. And one dorm is serving as the pilot for a
glass recycling program. By mid-December, says Sue Carter, all 26
residence halls should be part of the effort.
MSU students joined with the Lansing community to do a cleanup of
the Red Cedar River. The WCA is currently seeking funding to
establish a continuing cleanup program for the River. Dormitory in-
cinerators are being phased out and the university has acquired three
new paper compacters and a shredder for confidential documents to
reduce the volume of waste.
At the same time Rosenhaft continues the broad approach to campus
pollution problems. Computer analysis has been done relating trash
removal to the density of trash and truck routing to develop the
greatest possible efficiency. EPA (Cincinnati) is providing assistance.
A pneumatic vacuum system is being considered to handle waste in the
new medical school building. The WCA has developed a joint proposal
with Dow Chemical to apply for financing of a chemical disposal plan.
Yet Rosenhaft remains concerned that the university, like the rest of
society is continuing to use solid waste control technology from the
early 1900's. He sees the need to update technology, to consider
alternative methods, and to consider the economics of waste
management. His plea is that we come "to deal with wastes as a
resource." A university community is a good place to develop the new
priorities and test the alternative methods, he claims, and "if the
concept proves valid, why can't the City of Chicago do the same
thing?"
PAGE 11 PHOTOS
From fop left (clockwise): Mark E. Rosenhaft, Director of the Waste Control
Authority; map of waste removal truck routes for analysis; a MSU power plant
that is being phased out (coal pile at the left); Lo Dal truck arriving at the Sfof-A-
Pack paper compressor; the Lo Dal compressor being demonstrated by Sue
Carter; Sue Carter displays the product of a paper shredder used for confidential
document destruction.
PAGE 13
-------
WCA Making News.
Recycling drive nets
2 tons first day
Returnable bottles being picked up on
MSU campus.
By DEBBIE CALKINS
State New Staff Writer
This copy of the State News can be
reused again and again if you recycle
it.
Four thousand pounds of
newspaper, including many of the
4 0,300 copies of the State News
distributed daily, were picked up
Sunday to launch the Waste Control
Authority's recycling drive for this
school year.
Hut the two tons of paper, 99 per
cent of it copies of the State News, are
"not nearly all that is being distributed
on campus," Sue Carter, coordinator
for the authority, said.
"Our disposable society needs to
shift gears," Carter said. She
explained that the State News should
be recycled because "then it's that
much less material that has to be put
into landfills. We're going to find a lot
more things being reused."
To make recycling facilities
available to students, the authority has
set up centers in 1 5 residence halls. In
most of the halls, the recycling bins
are near the reception desks.
After newspapers have been
deposited in the bins during the week,
student volunteers drive a truck to the
collection points on Sundays to pick
them up.
Then on Mondays the newspapers
are Uken to the Friedland Iron and
Metal Co. in Lansing where they are
pur chased and later recycled into
other paper products for further use.
Residence halls with collection bins
include Akers, Bryan, Butterfield,
Case, Gilchhst. Holden, Hubbard,
Landon, Mason, Owen,
Snyder-Phillips, Rather. Wilson and
Yakeley halls.
The authority is hoping to place
collection bins in the cl assroom
buildings in the future. Carter said.
Fred Moore, Buchanan sunior and
student member of the authority,
noted that the amount of paper
collected at the Sunday pickup was
equal to the amount usually collected
during the drive last spring.
"I think we should use all resources
wisely," he said. "1 think we are using
the State News wisely" by recycling it,
he added.
State News General Manager Art
Levin and Editor-in Chief John Borger
agreed last summer to purchase
recycled newsprint for the newspaper
if it can be obtained at a reasonable
price.
Carter is trying to locate mills that
sell recycled newsprint She said there
are only about four or five In the
country that sell recycled newsprint.
"I think their prices are about
comparable" to the cost of regular
newsprint, she said.
ASMSU Monday donated $150 to
the authority toward costs of the
recycling project. If ASMSU members
are happy with results of the drive In a
few weeks, they may appoint a cabinet
member to concentrate on
environmental projects, Moore said.
Mike Paul son, MSU student,
participates m the Red Cedar
River cleanup with more than
500 other MSU and high school
students, scouts, national
guardsmen, /am/lies and ham
radio operators, removing over
55 fruckloads of trash from the
river banks. The trucks that
rumbled fo fhe city landfill
contained boft/es, railroad ties,
car seafs, tires and broken
gloss. (MSU photo)
Waste Control Authority
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan 48823
PAGE 14
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continued from page 10
required of all new sources, including no discharge of
pollutants where practicable.
Toxic and pre-treatment effluent standards
The Administrator would be directed to publish a list of
toxic pollutants and effluent limitations for such
pollutants, including, where appropriate, absolute
prohibition of the discharge of such toxic pollutants.
Additionally, pre-treatment standards will be published
requiring any industry discharging into a municipal
plant to pre-treat its effluent so that it does not interfere
with the operation of the plant or pass through the plant
without adequate treatment.
5. EPA has an unrestricted right of entry as well as
authority to inspect records and data, monitoring
equipment, and sample effluents. Upon approval by the
Administrator, the States may assume EPA's authority
in this area.
6. Federal enforcement is provided whereby the
Administrator may enforce permit conditions and other
requirements of the Act through the issuance of ad-
ministrative" orders, which are judicially enforceable, or,
in the alternative, to proceed directly through judicial
enforcement. Civil and criminal penalties are provided,
with a maximum or $50,000 and two years' imprisonment
for reported violators.
7. Oil and hazardous substances liability
The existing law with respect to pollution from oil
discharges is generally continued. Similar provisions of
regulation and enforcement and the imposition of
financial liability are extended to hazardous substances
as well.
8. Marine sanitation devices
The provisions with respect to marine sanitation
devices in existing law are generally continued, except
that States may impose absolute prohibition of discharge
from vessels hi the event States determine that greater
environmental protection is needed and that adequate
facilities exist to receive these wastes.
9. Federal facilities
The law would be changed to require Federal facilities
to comply with all Federal, State, interstate, and local
requirements respecting water pollution control. The
President may exempt facilities where he determines it
is in the paramount interest of the United States. No
exemptions are permitted with respect to toxic sub-
stances, pretreatment requirements, and new source
performance requirements.
10. Clean lakes
A clean lakes program, whereby eutrophic condition of
lakes, processes to combat or retard such
eutrophiontion, and methods to restore the quality of
such lakes, is provided. $300 million is provided over a
three-year period for such purposes.
11. National Study Commission
A National Study Commission composed of 15 mem-
bers (5 appointed by the President, 5 appointed by the
Senate, and 5 appointed by the House) shall be required
to investigate the technological, economic, social, and
environmental effects of achieving or not achieving the
1983 goal. The report of such study together with
recommendations shall be submitted to the Congress
three years after enactment.
12. Thermal discharges
Thermal discharges shall be subject to the same
requirements of best practicable control technology and
best available control technology, except where the
discharger can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the
Administrator that a proposed effluent limitation based
upon best practicable control technology and best
available control technology is more stringent than
necessary to protect fish and shellfish, etc., in which
event a less stringent effluent limitation may apply.
Cooling water intake structures will require best
available control technology.
TITLE IV - PERMITS AND LICENSES
1. A State certification mechanism such as is now
provided by Section 21 of the Federal Act is also in the
Conference bill, provided that in place of water quality
standards as the determinative criteria, the effluent
limitations, guidelines and other requirements of the new
law are substituted.
2. No discharge of any pollutant will be permitted,
except as authorized by a permit issued under this Act.
No Refuse Act permit may be issued after enactment of
the legislation. However, Refuse Act permits heretofore
issued shall continue in force and effect as though issued
under authority of this Act.
3. States may be authorized to continue existing permit
programs for the purpose of issuing permits under this
bill from the date of enactment until 150 days after
enactment. Such State-issued permits are subject to
Federal veto.
4. EPA will issue guidelines identifying an adequate
State program. EPA in its permit program must con-
form to these guidelines. After State assumption of a
permit-issuing authority, EPA will retain the right,
unless waived, to review and approve any permit which
affects another State or any proposed permit, to deter-
mine adherence to requirements under the Act. EPA,
after notice and public hearing, may withdraw State
permit-issuing authority in the event it determines State
failure to adequately implement the requirements of the
Act.
5. When application for a permit has been made, but no
final disposition with respect to such application is made
continued on next page
PAGE 15
-------
continued from page 15
prior to December 31,1974, prosecutions with respect to
the discharge which is the subject of such permit ap-
plication may not be commenced.
6. The Administrator is required to promulgate within
180 days after enactment criteria with respect to ocean
waters. These criteria addressing the effect of pollutants
on marine eco-systerns, etc., parallel the criteria in the
ocean dumping legislation now pending. Permits for
discharge into the territorial sea, the contiguous zone or
ocean waters must be in accord with these criteria.
7. The Corps shall continue to issue dredge and fill
permits in accordance with criteria comparable to the
EPA ocean discharge criteria. EPA may restrict the
discharge of dredge material in specified sites if the
Administrator determines that such discharge will have
an unacceptable adverse effect on municipal water
supplies, fishery resources or recreational areas.
8. Additional criteria and a potential additional permit
would be required for the disposal of sewage sludge into
the navigable waters, notwithstanding the fact that a
permit for such dumping may have been obtained pur-
suant to the ocean dumping Act.
TITLE V - GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. The bill provides that the Administrator may seek
injunctive relief to restrain any discharge that presents
an imminent and substantial danger to public health and
welfare (limited to effects on livelihoods).
2. Standing to sue is provided citizens or groups to
enforce non-discretionary actions of the Administrator
or to enforce effluent standards or limitations or orders
of the Administrator. Such standing is limited to persons
having an interest which is or may be adversely affected.
Such suits may not be maintained prior to the rendering
of 60-day notice to the alleged violator, the
Administrator, and the State concerned or in the event
that the Administrator or a State is diligently
prosecuting such violation.
3. The Attorney General shall represent the
Administrator in all litigation unless the Attorney
General fails to take appropriate action within a
reasonable time, in which event the Administrator may
be represented by his own attorneys.
4. Provisions are made in the law to protect employees,
who have cooperated in the enforcement and im-
plementation of the Act.
5. Judicial review of Administrator's action in
promulgating standards determining new source per-
formance standards, effluent limitations prohibitions,
etc., or in issuing or denying any permit may be obtained
by interested persons in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
appropriate Circuit.
6. Nothing in the bill shall preclude (except with
PAGE 16
respect to the regulation of sewage from vessels) States
from adopting and enforcing more stringent
requirements.
7. Other affected authority:
(a) The authority under Section 10 o£ the River and
Harbor Act of 1899 with respect to* navigation is
preserved. The consultative requirements of the Fish
and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1934 appear to be
preserved (this Act is not mentioned).
(b) Except with respect to permits for new sources and
grants for municipal waste treatment construction, no
action under the bill will be deemed a major Federal
action for the purposes of NEPA (Environmental Impact
Statements).
(c) Calvert Cliffs. A State certification under Section
401 or a permit under Section 402 shall be determinative
of water quality considerations for purposes of Federal
licenses, except that licenses or permits other than those
issued under this Act nevertheless may require an
Environmental Impact Statement.
8. An Effluent Standards and Water Quality Infor-
mation Advisory Committee must review proposed ef-
fluent limitations, new source performance standards,
and toxic standards, and make recommendations to the
Agency on such proposed standards and limitations.
9. Annual reports to the Congress with respect to every
major component of the program are required within
ninety days of the convening of each session. A detailed
estimate of costs must be submitted to the Congress
every second year.
10. No suit or other litigation or other proceeding shall
be affected by the enactment of this bill. All rules,
regulations, orders, determinations, etc., or other ac-
tions pertaining to any functions, powers, requirements,
duties in effect prior to the date of enactment of the bill
continue in effect until modified or repealed in ac-
cordance with the new Act.
11. The Act prior to its Amendments in 1972 shall
govern grants authorized for Fiscal Year 1972, except as
otherwise specifically provided, i.e., 75 percent Federal
share.
12. GAO is to report to the Congress by October 1,1973,
on the efficacy of the R & D programs relating to control
technology and water pollution.
13. Congress urges that the United States enter into
international agreements to apply uniform standards
and limitations regarding water pollution. Commerce, in
conjunction with EPA, will conduct studies on the effects
on trade of differing effluent limitations as imposed by
the U.S. and by other countries.
14. $800 million in authorizations is provided to assist
small business concerns to meet the water pollution
control requirements established under the Act. This
would be accomplished by an amendment to the Small
Business Act and administered by die Small Business
Administration.
15. The Administration's proposed Environmental
Financing Authority, as initially proposed by the
Administration, is included in the bill.
16. Sex discrimination is prohibited.
-------
EPA PROGRAM NOTES
Major environmental legislation was passed by the
92nd Congress in the fields of water pollution, pesticides,
and noise pollution control. The legislation includes 1972
amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act of 1972,
and the Noise Control Act of 1972.
A major provision of the 1972 amendments to the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act authorizes the EPA
to issue and enforce guidelines identifying adequate state
permit and licensing programs for both municipal and
industrial wastewater dischargers.
The Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act of
1972 completely revises the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) which has been
the basic authority for Federal pesticide regulation since
1947.
The new Act regulates the use of pesticides and ex-
tends Federal pesticide regulation to all pesticides in-
cluding those distributed or used within a single State.
The law prior to the new legislation prohibited in-
terstate commerce of unregistered pesticides, and
permitted registration only when if used as directed or in
accordance with commonly recognized practice the
pesticide would not be injurious to man, vertebrate
animals, or desirable vegetation. It did not prohibit the
misuse of any registered pesticide, nor did it regulate
pesticides that moved only in intrastate commerce.
Major areas covered by the Noise Control Act are
aircraft noise, interstate train, truck, and bus tran-
sportation noise, Federal noise control programs, and
product noise.
EPA has referred the Peabody Coal Co. of Vigo
County, Ind., to U.S. Attorney Stanley B. Miller of the
Southern district of Indiana, Indianapolis, for civil
action on pollution charges.
The announcement was made by Region V
Administrator Francis T. Mayo who said EPA is seeking
a mandatory injunction to force the Peabody Company to
abate pollution of North Coal Creek caused by discharges
from two large refuse piles on either side of the creek
during rainfall.
EPA contends that the discharges constitute a
violation of the Federal River and Harbor Act of 1899.
The Agency says the polluting runoff can be controlled or
eliminated by the use of proper land management
techniques.
Mayo said the Region V Enforcement Division has
conducted negotiations with the Peabody Coal Co. in an
attempt to obtain a commitment to a satisfactory
pollution abatement program, but the firm has failed to
make such a commitment.
An Indiana firm referred to the U.S. Justice Depart-
ment by EPA for civil action for dumping untreated toxic
wastes into the tributary of a navigable stream has been
ordered by a Federal District Judge to clean up its
wastewater discharges.
Region V Administrator Francis T. Mayo said Judge
Jesse E. Esbach of the U.S. District Court for the Nor-
thern District of Indiana at Fort Wayne signed a consent
decree Oct. 18,1972, which directs Kitchen-Quip, Inc., of
Waterloo, Ind., to reduce the nature of its wastewater
effluent to the standards prescribed by the State of
Indiana and EPA.
"The company is obliged to meet these standards not
later than one year from the date the decree was
signed," said Mayo. Failure of the company to meet the
deadline could result in the assessment of monetary
damages or such other penalties as the judge might
deem appropriate.
A voluntary public session to develop policy positions
on the issues which comprised the fourth session of the
Lake Michigan Enfocement Conference held in Sep-
tember has been announced by Francis T. Mayo, EPA
Region V Administrator.
The session, scheduled for 9:30 a.m. Thursday and
Friday, Nov. 9-10, in the Gold Room of the Pick-Congress
Hotel, 520 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111., will be held
despite salient changes in the Federal Water Pollution
Control Enforcement Program.
"Although the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972 do not provide for the continuation
of the conference mechanism as a method of water
pollution abatement, it is our thought to hold the session
as planned," Mayo said.
The Regional Administrator said: "Although there can
be no further legal action or legal effect to the session
recommendations such as the empaneling of a hearing
board, there can be no doubt of the value of crystalizing
the improtant conference discussions."
Community water supply surveillance in Ohio is
inadequate, according to a U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency evaluation of the Ohio water supply
program administered by the Ohio Department of
Health.
The EPA study, which was requested by Dr. John W.
Cashman, Director of the Ohio Department of Health,
was done in cooperation with that department.
According to the study, 67 percent of the Ohio com-
munity water supplies failed to meet bacterial sampling
standards two or more months in 1971; further, it said,
data was unavailable in Department of Health District
Offices for 19 percent of the supplies.
In regard to bacterial quality, the report noted that 24
percent of the water supplies failed to meet Public
Health Service drinking water standards. "Failure to
meet the bacterial standards indicates the drinking
water is a potential carrier of infectious disease," the
report said. "Such a situation is a serious, potential
health hazard and calls for prompt corrective action."
The EPA evaluators pointed out that funds expended
for community water supply protection in Ohio are
inadequate to accomplish effective surveillance.
The study recommended that in order for Ohio to have
adequate community water supply protection a
minimum annual budget of $600,000 should be provided.
During the 1971 fiscal year, Ohio spent $210,000 for its
community water supply protection program.
Dr. Ira L. Whitman, Director of the newly formed Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency, said: "We are
grateful to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
for evaluating the Ohio Water Supply Program. The
protection of our potable water supply will be of prime
continued on next page
PAGE 17
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EPA PROGRAM NOTES
continued from page 17
importance to the new Ohio EPA. With the planned staff
expansion, we will be able to take necessary actions to
better assure the safety of our water supply."
Similar evaluations of water supply surveillance in
Kentucky, Tennessee and Vermont already completed
by EPA reveal serious deficiencies in the state
programs. Other states in which EPA is now conducting
evaluations of water supply programs include Con-
necticut, New Jersey, Maryland, New Mexico, Kansas,
Idaho and Wyoming.
Ely, Minnesota is the site of a unique EPA project to
demonstrate the feasibility of restoring dying lakes by
removing nutrients from incoming municipal
wastewater, thus retarding the growth of algae and
eutrophication.
It is expected that a $2.3 million advanced waste
treatment facility, designed to remove more than 99
percent of the phosphorus in wastewater from Ely's
secondary sewage treatment plant, will work to restore
Shagawa Lake in Northern Minnesota.
The advanced tertiary treatment plant has been built
by the City of Ely with 95 percent financing by EPA. EPA
will also manage and operate the facility for the first
three years under the direction of the National
Environmental Research Center (NERO at Corvallis,
Oregon.
Dr. A.F. Bartsch, Director of NERC-Coryallis, said,
"The Ely project is the only lake restoration demon-
stration of its kind anywhere in the world. Although there
are several other tertiary plants currently in operation,
this is the first attempt to restore a lake while continuing
to discharge highly-treated wastewater into it.
A few eutrophic (permaturely aged) lakes have been
restored in the past. . . but those successes have been
achieved by diverting the flow of waste effluent away
from the lakes rather than initiating further treatment
methods."
Elkhart Products of Elkhart, Indiana is one of six
major industrial plants in the nation using or in the
process of installing a new metallic waste treatment
process developed under an EPA Research and
Monitoring Demonstration Grant.
The $124,000 EPA Demonstration Project, conducted in
cooperation with the Volvo Brass and Copper Company
of Kenilworth, N.J., showed that a combination of
changes in the manufacturing process alone can
drastically reduce water usage, practically eliminate
water pollution, and cut operating costs.
The recovery of copper and the simplification of
operation incorporated into the new system have
resulted in reduced operating costs, even when amor-
tization of the new equipment required for process
changes is included.
EPA has issued a 180-day notice to the Cuyahoga
County Sewer District at Rocky River, Ohio for violation
of established State and Federal water quality stan-
dards. A hearing has been scheduled at which Federal-
PAGE 18
State action will seek effective and timely abatement
schedules to bring the discharger inUTtompliance with
water standards.
Ohio's implementation plan is being violated because
secondary treatment was not installed to meet a Sep-
tember 15, 1969 deadline. In addition, the operations
result in violations of the water quality criteria known as
the "Four Freedoms" adopted by the Board of County
Commissioners of Cuyahoga County in 1967 for Lake Erie
and the interstate waters of the Lake.
Regional Administratior Francis T. Mayo said the
plant currently discharges approximately 7 million
gallons per day of principally domestic wastes after
primary treatment through a submerged outfall into
Lake Erie.
"Due to inadequate treatment," said Mayo, "the
discharge contributes to the degradation of the water
quality and to the eutrophication of the lake, resulting in
a depletion of dissolved oxygen in the Central Basin to
levels below those adequate to support aquatic life."
The informal hearing has been scheduled for Tuesday,
October 31 at 9:30 a.m. at the Sheraton Motor Inn, 20375
Center Ridge, Rocky River. Robert D. Luss, Enfor-
cement Attorney for Region V, will preside at the
hearing.
The City of Joliet, Illinois was classified in August as
having met established Federal standards for use by
interstate carriers. Water supplies for the cities of
Harrisburg, and Hartford, Illinois were "provisionally"
approved. Provisional approval means that a water
supply has been judged capable of serving water of safe
quality to the public, but that the water quality is con-
sidered to be deficient, that the water quality records are
inadequate, or that the operation of facilities are such
that the consistent provision of water of safe quality has
been compromised.
The Harrisburg, Illinois water supply was
provisionally approved because its laboratory facilities
did not meet the standards for State certification. In the
case of Hartford, Illinois, the facility is newly con-
structed and recently began operation. It is without a
history of successful operation and has no records of
bacteriological and chemical analyses for a period of
time.
A variety of pesticides weighing over three tons was
seized by Federal Marshall in Lovingtpn, Illinois,
following charges by EPA that the pesticides were
misbranded and mislabeled and, therefore, were in
violation of Federal law.
EPA officials said the misbranding charge arose
because the pesticides were damaged by water when
warehouse facilities in which they were stored in York,
Pennsylvania, were flooded by Hurricane Agnes causing
in change in the chemical composition of the seized
products. These changes could possibly result in damage
to the environment.
The seizure action was filed on September 18 by
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LOCAL AND NATIONAL
Assistant U.S. Attorney Michael Levinson of the Eastern
District of Illinois at Danville to impound the pesticides
owned or possessed by the Trowbridge Farm Supply
Company, Inc. of Lovington. The seizure occurred on
September 21.
Claimants of the products seized will be given the
opportunity in the pending court actions to defend
against the charges which are being brought under the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA) administered by EPA.
Twenty-four Cleveland teachers received EPA awards
for their involvement in an inner-city summer en-
vironmental program. At the September 25 award
ceremony Barry Bergh, Special Assistant to the
Administrator of EPA, said that Cleveland had produced
"one of the best SPARE programs in the country."
SPARE - the Summer Program of Action to Renew the
Environment - is a joint EPA-Department of Labor
program that seeks to provide environmental education
and involvement for Neighborhood Youth Corps high
school students.
Brian W. Powers, director of the SPARE program, was
singled out for a special Environmental Flag Award.
Other educators honored included: Nicholas Herbka;
Charles Lyons; Thomas Perrotti; Edgar Martin;
Clarissa Sherard; John Moore; Eugene Gibbons; Boris
Kljun; Floyd Andrews; John Somerville; Frank
Carrelli; Ronald Norris; Henry Bradley; Peter Homik;
James Porter; John Hummer; Edris Holmes; Rodney
Dominick; Laddie Duchon; Steven Gotch; Warren
Obert; Mary Junglas; and Raymond Forrest.
Bergh said the 24 educators honored are "in the
forefront of the new environmentalists - those concerned
with the important relationship between social and en-
vironmental conditions." He said that his presence at the
Cleveland ceremony indicated the pride felt by the entire
EPA in Cleveland's accomplishment.
EPA referred the American Cyanimid Company and
the City of Marietta, Ohio to the U.S. Attorney of the
Southern District of Ohio for civil action for discharging
untreated industrial wastes into the Ohio River.
EPA is seeking a permanent injunction under the
Federal River and Harbors Act of 1899 against both the
city and the company to stop the discharge of untreated
industrial wastes into the river.
According to Regional Administrator Francis Mayo,
"The industrial wastes discharged by the American
Cyanimid Company into the Marietta Sewage Treatment
plant reduce the efficiency of the plant to treat municipal
wastes." Consequently the municipal wastes go into the
river with inadequate treatment, and the industrial
wastes are discharged untreated in violation of the
Refuse Act.
EPA has approved the State of Ohio Water Quality
Standards for the Mahoning River and its tributaries in
Ohio. These standards which include designated uses,
water quality criteria and a plan of implementation and
enforcement were adopted by the Ohio Water Pollution
Control Board in July, and are consistent with the pur-
poses of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
With approval of these standards, the distinction of
being the last river basin in the nation without water
quality standards no longer applies to the Mahoning
River.
EPA has awarded a grant of $38,000 to the Northwest
Community Organization of Chicago for a three-part
community environmental action program. According to
Regional Administrator Mayo, "The grant is intended to
give the Northwest Community Organization an op-
portunity to expand its concerns into improving the
urban environment."
The three phase community environmental awareness
program includes:
(1) A lot cleaning project, tentatively titled A SPOT OF
GREEN. Under the EPA grant 110 vacant lots, now used
as dumping grounds, will be cleaned, graded, seeded and
planted by residents of the community.
(2) A contest will be conducted in the community in-
volving inspection of alleys, cleanup and painting of
garbage cans, and rodent control. Costs involved in the
support of these projects include purchase of supplies,
rental of equipment, rental of space, publicity, mass
mailings to community residents and salaries for part-
time staff and student workers.
(3) The control will also provide for support of a poster
contest involving students in 22 Public and 22 Catholic
schools who will be involved in making and displaying in
each school and throughout the community posters that
deal with environmental pollution control.
The Lake Michigan Enforcement Conference will meet
in a single executive session to consider both thermal and
non-thermal issues on November 9 and 10 in the Plaza
Room of the Pick-Congress Hotel in Chicago. By mutual
agreement the October session scheduled to consider
only non-thermal issues was cancelled.
An informal hearing on 180-day notices issued by EPA
against Wayne County and Riverview, Michigan for
violation of Federal-State water quality standards was
held October 17.
In the case of Wayne County, EPA and the Michigan
Water Resources Commission have charged that its
Wyandotte Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant has
failed to meet the implementation schedule and effluent
loading requirements contained in the state adopted and
Federally approved Interstate Water Quality Standards
which called for completion of construction of secondary
treatment facilities by November 1, 1970.
The City of Riverview is charged with dumping 2.9
million gallons per day of inadequately treated effluent
from its sewage treatment plant into the Trenton
Channel of the Detroit River.
If satisfactory resolution of these problems are not
reached within the 180-day period, the matter can be
referred by EPA to the U.S. Dept. of Justice for legal
action or the State may pursue enforcement of its
requirement through the State Attorney General.
PAGE 19
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EPA BEGINS WISCONSIN CLEANUP
In a total of 26 actions against pulp and paper mills and
communities in Wisconsin, EPA expressed its intent to
cleanup Wisconsin's Wisconsin River and Fox River, the
major tributary to polluted Green Bay.
In an unprecedented move on October 6 Francis T.
Mayo, Midwest Regional Administrator, announced the
issuance of 180-day notices to 14 communities and pulp
and paper mills on the Fox River. Mayo said the actions
are the largest number ever to be taken against a single
industry at one time.
In addition 12 cases against six companies were
referred to the U.S. Attorney for civil action on charges
of pollution of the Wisconsin River. The U.S. Attorney
has also been asked to include a count for action under
the Federal common law of nuisance.
In the 180-day notice action EPA names the com-
munities of Appleton, Neenah and Menasha. In addition,
the Neenah - Menasha Sewage Commission of Menasha
received a notice. The pulp and paper mills receiving
notices are:
Appleton - Riverside Paper Company, Consolidated
Paper's, Inc.
Neenah - Kimberly Clark Corp. - Lakeview Mill,
Neenah Paper Mill Division, Badger Globe Mill,
Bergstrom Paper Company.
Menasha - The George A. Whiting Paper Co., Menasha
Corp. John Strange Paper Co.
Wisconsin Tissue Mills
Mead Corp. Gilbert Paper Co.
Mayo said the discharges to the Fox River do not
receive adequate treatment and contain large quantities
of oxygen demanding substances and suspended solids
which contribute to gross pollution and oxygen depletion
in the Fox River and Lower Green Bay. "This condition
endangers aquatic life, accelerates eutrophication, and
prevents use of portions of the Bay as public water
supply," he added.
Joint EPA-Wisconsin Department of Natural
Resources informal hearings to outline the pollution
problems have been scheduled as follows for the 14 Fox
River communities and pulp and paper mills: Neenah-
Menasha communities and industries, November 28 at
the Holiday Inn on U.S. Highway 41 in Appleton;
Appleton community and industries, November 29 at the
Auditorium of the Fox Valley Technical Institute in
Appleton.
Under provisions of the Federal Water Polltuion
Control Act, 180-day notices are issued directly to waste
dischargers that cause or contribute to violations of
water quality standards. If satisfactory resolution of the
problem is not reached within the 180-day period the
matter can be referred by EPA to the U.S. Justice
Department for legal action.
On September 27, Region V referred five Consolidated
Paper Corp. pulp and paper mills to the U.S. Attorney
seeking a mandatory injunction to order the company to
PAGE 20
take necessary remedial action to abate the pollution of
the Wisconsin River. The Agency contends that the
discharges constitute a violation of the Federal River
and Harbor Act of 1899. The five plants cited include two
groundwood and paper mill operations of Biron and
Whiting, a paper and paperboard mill operation at
Wisconsin Rapids, a paper mill operation at Stevens
Point, and a draft pulping operation at Wisconsin Rapids.
The five operations discharge inadequately treated
wastes containing high loadings of biochemical oxygen
demanding substances, suspended solids, lead, zinc,
iron, phenols, oil and grease.
On September 29, the Region referred five more pulp
and paper mills on the Wisconsin River to the U.S.
Attorney for civil action on the same charges. Actions
were taken against the following firms: Georgia Pacific
Corp. of Portland, Oregon, for its paper mill operation
along the upper portion of the Wisconsin River at
Tomahawk; American Can Co. of Greenwich, Con-
necticut, for its sulfite pulp and paper mill operation on
the Wisconsin River at its Rothschild, Wisconsin mill;
and Nekposa-Edwards Paper Company of Port Edwards,
Wisconsin which has divisions at Port Edwards, Nekoosa
and Whiting-Plover.
EPA charges that these plants discharge inadequately
treated wastes containing high oxygen demanding
wastes, suspended solids, iron, manganese, lead, oil and
grease directly into the River. Mayo said the companies
do not possess permits from the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers for any of these discharges.
On October 4, the Region again referred two pulp and
paper mills to the U.S. Attorney for civil action on
charges of pollution of the Wisconsin River. They are
Mosinee Paper Corporation of Mosinee and the St. Regis
Paper Company of Rhinelander, Wisconsin.
EPA has also announced its approval of wastewater
treatment program schedules for two industries in Green
Bay, the American Can Company and Charmin Paper
Company and for Green Bay Metropolitan Sanitary
District, which were each issued 180-day notices last May
9 for violation of Lake Michigan water quality standards.
New Publications available from the Office of Public Af-
fairs
IN PRODUCTIVE HARMONY Environmental Impact
Statements Broaden the Nation's Perspectives.
ACTION (citizen action can get results)
NOISE POLLUTION Now Hear this
MISSION 5000 A Citizen's Solid Waste Management
Project
Excess Publications: we are overstocked with the following
publications
apex-Air Pollution Stimulation Exercises
WATER QUALITY IN THE CALUMET AREA
EFFECTS OF REDUCED USE OF LEAD IN GASOLINE
ON VEHICLE EMMISIONS AND PHOTOCHEMICAL
REACTIVITY
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE EPA TO THE CONGRESS
OF THE UNITED STATES (The Clean Air Act As
Amended) July 1, 1971
THE NIAGARA RIVER Pollution Abatement Progress
1971
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news briefs. . .news briefs. . . news
Eleven environmental groups have announced they
are forming a coalition to advise electric utilities on how
to meet Wisconsin's future energy demands. The
Wisconsin State Journal of Madison said the new
coalition, the Wisconsin Utilities Advisory Coalition,
made it clear it would rather see future energy demands
met by keeping down the use of electricity rather than
building more large power plants. The group includes:
Businessmen for the Public Interest, Chicago; Capital
Community Citizens, Madison; the Columbia County
Environmental Protection League; Ecology Students
Association; the Northern Environmental Council; the
Sierra Club; the Southern Wisconsin Wetland Assn.; the
Wisconsin Ecological Society; Wisconsin's Environ-
mental Decade, and the Wisconsin Resource Con-
servation Council.
American Oil Company's "Whiting Refinery News"
said the Whiting (Indiana) Refinery's concentrated
program to make still further improvements in air and
water conservation took three more big steps within a
month. The Sulfur Recovery Unit's second 150-tons-per-
day train went on stream July 26, and the new Sour
Water Stripper began feeding all sour water streams in
the refinery on July 25. Also, a new Liquid Waste
Incinerator should have begun operation in August.
With three winning entries out of a total of 12
categories of competition, American Oil Co., the U.S.
refining transportation, marketing arm of Standard Oil
Co. (Indiana), dominated Petroleum Engineer
Publishing Co.'s first Meritorious Awards Program for
Engineering Innovation in the field of Environmental
Control. American Oil developed a skimmer that
recovers all types of spilled oil at high rates in both calm
and rough waters. The company also developed a
fluidized bed incinerator for safe disposal of oily sludges
and spent caustic solutions without polluting the air.
American received a third award for its aerated lagoons
for treatment of industrial wastes and sewage.
The Milwaukee Journal reports that organizations
concerned with the environment have withered on the
University of Wisconsin - Madison campus. When almost
200 student organizations registered for fall semester, no
environmental, conservation, or antipollution group was
among them, according to the Journal. "The demise of
ecology awareness groups seemed to echo Sen. Gaylord
Nelson's Earth Day warning that the environmental
movement had reached its pinnacle as a fad, and was
about to begin dying out," the Milwaukee newspaper
said. Dean of Students Paul Ginsberg was more op-
timistic. The Journal said he attributed the decline of the
half dozen or more student environmental groups that
operated on campus last fall to new organization such as
WISPIRG and Common Cause. These groups have in-
corporated concern for the environment into their
programs.
Biologist Donald Murray lowers the suction bell of the
River Sweeper which Rex Chainbelt's Ecology Division
designed and built for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Rex wos under contract with E.P.A. to develop
equipment and a system for removing settled heavier-
than-water pollutants from waterway bottoms. The
settled hydro-corbons in the Little Menominee River,
Milwaukee County, Wisconsin were drawn up and piped
by suction to a clarification system on the river bank.
Clean water was returned to the river.
Alan L. Farkas, former Executive Director of the
Governor's Task Force on Environmental Protection
(Ohio) has been named to a Deputy Director's position in
the new Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. Ohio
EPA Director Ira L. Whitman appointed Farkas Deputy
Director for Policy Development. As one of two deputy
directors for the Ohio EPA, the Cleveland native will be
responsible for studying policy questions of the Agency
and planning its objectives. The Office of Policy
Development will help to establish an index to evaluate
the environmental quality of Ohio and use it to measure
the Agency's performance.
The South Bend, Ind., Tribune reports that a new waste
water treatment system that would cost less to build and
less to operate than traditional plants was demonstrated
at the pilot plant on the campus of the University of Notre
Dame recently. Notre Dame's College of Engineering is
assisting the Ecology Division of Telecommunications
Industries, Inc. of Long Island, N.Y. , in the develop-
ment of the system.
PAGE 21
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SOLID WASTE LITERATURE
A set of materials on recycling is available from The
Can People, GPO Box 2682, New York, N.Y. 10001. Two
publications available free of charge include:
"Recycling and the Can in the Seventies" and "The
Recyclers Handbook." Also supplied at cost are bus
<*• ds at lOc each, posters at 5c each, and bumper
jkers at lOc each. Send name, address, quantity
asired, and a check for items supplied at cost.
Association, Inc., 1750K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.
20006.
"Think Recycling: Facts and Figures About the
Elmhurst Recycling Center" available from the
Elmhurst Environmental Committee, Inc., 129 South
West Ave., Elmhurst, 111. 60126.
"New World Coming," a visual presentation on our
environment as seen by the teenagers of Omaha,
Nebraska, has been produced by the Northern Natural
Gas Co. of Omaha.
"A National Survey of Litter Law Enforcement," a
summary prepared for Keep America Beautiful, Inc. by
the International Association of Chiefs of Police, Inc., 11
Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Md. 20760.
"Guidelines for Control of Littering and Recycling of
Resources" by Donald M. Boyd, Ph D., published by the
Seven-Up Company, 121 S.Meramec, St. Louis, Mo. 63105.
"Youth for Natural Beauty," Extension Service,
Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kan. Adapted for
Kansas through the courtesy of the Agricultural
Extension Service, Washington State University,
Pullman, Wash.
"Litter, Solid Waste and Aluminum Recycling:
Questions and Answers" Environmental Services
Department of The Aluminum Association, 750 Third
Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017.
"Environment Action Bulletin," a weekly publication
available at a special introductory rate of $4 for 26 issues.
Address: Emmaus, Pa., 18049.
"Facts about Aluminum and Electrical Power,"
"Reynolds Aluminum Recycling Program Fact Sheet,"
and "Don't Throw Money Away, Join Reynolds
Reclamation Program" are available from Public
Relations Manager, Metal Recycling, Reynolds Metals
Co., P.O. Box 27003, Richmond, Va. 23261.
"Questions and Answers on Open Burning with
Smokey the Barrel," a folder published by the Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency, 717 Delaware Ave. S.E.,
Minneapolis, Minn. 55440.
"In Search of New Policies for Resource Recovery:
Recycle," Available from the League of Women Voters
of the United States, 1730 M Street, N.W., Washington,
D.C. 20036. Publication Number 132, 75c a copy, quantity
rates on request.
"School Ecology Program: An Educational Manual for
Teachers" and "Beautification Guide for Community
Betterment" have been published by the St. Louis
Beautification Commission, 115 Union Blvd., St. Louis,
Mo. 63108.
"Disposable Packaging: Indisputably Indispensable,"
a statement before the Sub-Committee on Environment
of the U.S. Senate Commerce Committee by Norman L.
Dobyns, Vice President, American Can Co. Also, "Plain
Talk About PVC" by Dr. Elgin D. Sallee, Director of
Environmental Science, American Can Co. Both
publications are available from the Environmental
Affairs Department, American Can Co., American Lane,
Greenwich, Conn. 06830.
"The North Dakota Story" published by Keep North
Dakota Clean, Inc., P.O. Box 1138, Bismarck, N.D. 58501.
"How We Cleaned Up Greers Ferry Lake," a brochure
sponsored by The Greers Ferry Lake Association and
prepared by The White River Planning and Develop-
ment District, The Greers Ferry Resident Office, U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers and Morgan-Woods Publishing
Co. Available from U.S. Army Engineer Office, Greers
Ferry, P.O. Box 310, Heber Springs, Ark.
"Littergram," Keep Michigan Beautiful, Inc., 28165
Greenfield Rd., Southfield, Mich. 48075.
"Pitch In!" materials from United States Brewers
PAGE 22
"The Solid Waste Crisis: One Answer" and
"Aluminum Can Recycling Centers," an unofficial
compilation of can recycling points. Both available from
The Aluminum Association, 750 Third Ave., New York,
N.Y. 10017.
"A Pledge & a Promise: An Anheuser - Busch Systems
Approach to the Problem of Solid Waste Disposal,"
"Litter and Solid Waste: Solvable Problems," and
"Litter and Solid Waste; an Objective View," a 20-
minute, 16mm film. Available from Ecology Depart-
ment, Anheuser Busch, Inc., 721 Pestalozzi St., St.
Louis, Mo. 63118.
"A National Study of Roadside Litter," "Pick Up the
Pieces... Litter Prevention and Other Pollution Control
-------
Projects for High School Students," and "Guide to
Mechanical Litter Removal Equipment." Available
from Keep America Beautiful, Inc., 99 Park Ave., New
York, N.Y. 10016.
"State Solid Waste Management and Resource
Recovery Incentives Act," reprinted from 1973
Suggested State Legislation, Volume XXXII, and "State
Abandoned Vehicle Act." Developed by the Committee
on Suggested State Legislation, The Council of State
Governments, Iron Works Pike; Lexington, Ky. 40505,
price $1 each.
The following solid waste publications are available
from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govern-
ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402: "Aerobic
Treatment of Livestock Waste," 1972 0-473-232, 35c, Stock
Number 5502-00089; "A Study of Solid Waste Collection
Systems Comparing One-Man With Multi-Man Crews: A
Condensation," 30c, Stock Number 5502-0079; "The
Processing and Recovery of Jon Thomas - Cool Cat!,"
55c, Stock Number 5502-0084; "Accession Bulletin: Solid
Waste Information Retrieval System" (a monthly
publication) 60c; "Solid Waste Management in High-
Rise Dwellings. A Condensation," 30c, Stock Number
5502-0054.
"Directory of Markets For Recyclable Materials," by
Illinois Institute for Environmental Quality, 309 West
Washington, Chicago, Illinois 60606.
During early October, over 120 high school en-
vironmental activists and their teachers from northern
Illinois and southern Wisconsin gathered at Lake Geneva
Wisconsin to discuss outside-the-classroom approaches
to environmental education and to report on their ac-
tivities. From that meeting a number o' coalitions in the
Chicago area hove been formed of interested students
who want to get involved in community activities. Also
High
School
Environmental
Conference
participating in the conference were the U.S. Office of
Education. UNESCO. Cleveland Institute for En-
vironmental Education and Region V of the EPA, which
co-sponsored the event with Chicago s Open Lands
Project. For more in/oi mof/on on the conference and
what it produced contact Wayne Schimpf at the Open
Londs Project. 53 West Jackson, Chicago, III.
PAGE 23
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REGION V PUBLIC REPORT is published monthly by the
Office of Public Affairs, Region V Environmental Protection
Agency at One North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Dlinois 60606
for distribution in the states of the Region (Illinois, Indiana,
Ohio, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan.)
Regional Administrator Francis T. Mayo
Director of Public Affairs Frank M. Corrado
Editor Helen P. Stan-
Art Director Ann N. Hooe
FROM:
Office of Public Affairs
United States Environmental Protection Agency
One North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
EPA-335
PAGE 24
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