Region V Public Report
February, 1973
Hetland working towards quality of life in our cities.
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government
POLLUTION - AN
for the nation . . .
Following are excerpts of an address
delivered by Carol M. Thomas, Director of EPA's
Office of Civil Rights and Urban Affairs, on
November 18. 1972.
The selection of this Conference's theme, "Pinpoint
Pollution for Neighborhood Survival," is a reflection of our
common commitment not only to the "survival" of our urban
neighborhoods, but also to substantial improvement in the
general quality of life in those neighborhoods . . .
Let us turn to the specific EPA grants funds that may be
available to organizations for neighborhood programs or
projects.
1. Research and Development (R &D)
R & D grants in the areas of air pollution control,
pesticides, radiation, solid waste, and water pollution
control are available to eligible non-profit institutions such
as universities and colleges, hospitals, laboratories, State
and local government departments, other public or private
non-profit institutions and individuals of unusually high
demonstrated scientific ability.
The objectives of R & D grants vary depending upon the
subject area involved. . . however, the major emphasis
is that of scientific or technological advancement in the
general area of pollution abatement and control.
2. Demonstration Grants
This category of grants is available in the areas of water
and air pollution control, and solid waste management, to
States, municipalities, interstate and intermunicipal
agencies, industry, public and private non-profit agencies
and institutions and individuals. Unlike R&D grants,
demonstration grants would appear to afford the best
avenue to EPA grant funds open to local organizations and
instituitons to support neighborhood programs. However,
that support is limited by the very nature of the grants, i.e.,
they are for demonstration purposes only.
As in the case of R&D grants, the principal objectives of
demonstration grants vary depending upon the subject
area involved. . .
Grant applicants are cautioned, however, that the Agency
only solicits solid waste demonstration grant applications
in priority areas. At this juncture, it appears that the trend
is definitely away from the financial support of neigh-
borhood recycling projects, in favor of municipal or public
utility use of consumable solid waste as a secondary or
auxiliary fuel source. Examples of this approach may be
found in St. Louis, Missouri, New York City, and soon in
Montgomery County, Maryland. One of the apparent
reasons for this trend is the failure of salvage markets to
develop properly.
3. Manpower Development and Training Grants
Such grants are available in the areas of ah* and water
pollution control and quality, radiation control, and solid
waste management. Eligible applicants include public and
private non-profit institutions and air pollution control
agencies; universities, hospitals, and other public and
private non-profit institutions.
These grants are intended to assist public and non-profit
institutions in establishing, expanding, or improving both
professional and technical training opportunities.
4. Fellowships
Fellowships in the areas of air and water pollution control
are available to qualified students or persons accepted for
admission by an appropriate educational institution.
5. State and Local Assistance
I indicated earlier that the overwhelming majority of
EPA's grants funds go to State and local jurisdictions for
Page 2
the construction, expansion, or modification of waste water
treatment facilities. We should add to that list grants to
those jurisdictions in the areas of air pollution control
(planning, program development and maintenance), sob'd
waste planning (alternative systems), and water pollution
control in the areas of comprehensive basin planning and
State and interstate programs.
I have gone through this discussion to point out what is
currently available as well as what is not currently available
at EPA, in the way of funds to support neighborhood
programs. I must say to you in all candor that at this point in
time, the neighborhood programs "pickings" at EPA are
rather slim, at least in the sense that most of us would prefer
to see neighborhoods assisted in their eagerness to join the
urban environmental pollution fight.
This situation is attributable to at least two major factors:
1. EPA, in terms of its organizational form and mission (i.e.,
highly scientifically and technologically oriented
regulatory agency) as well as the laws it is charged with
enforcing, is not, and at this point in time cannot be,
heavily geared toward neighborhood action programs; at
least not in the sense that that concept has come to be
understood by most neighborhood residents; and
2. its major efforts to move in that direction, to the extent
that it can, are rather recent and studied, due to the
reasons I have just stated.
It should be made clear that the Agency has formally
committed itself to assisting State and local jurisdictions in
their efforts to improve the environmental quality of life in
our urban neighborhoods, as required by law. It is currently
meeting that commitment in the specific areas over which it
currently has jurisdiction, ie. air pollution control, water
pollution control, solid waste management, etc., through
grants-in-aid, technical assistance, regulation and en-
forcement.
EPA recognizes, as does the Congress in many instances,
the vital importance of citizen involvement and action in the
current national effort to renew and protect our en-
vironment. However, Congressional recognition of that role
thus far has not extended beyond the right of private citizens
to 1) bring suit against the Government (EPA in this in-
stance) to force it to enforce the law if it fails to do so; 2) to
participate in the public hearings process in establishing
administrative regulations pertaining to the environment;
and 3) to challenge on several grounds any Federal agency's
proposed major action (usually construction-type projects)
threatening substantially adverse impact on the en-
vironment, whether that impact is ecological, economic,
physical or social, or all of the foregoing.
. . . various other federal departments and agencies con-
tinue to have responsibility, along with EPA, in the general
area of environmental renewal and protection. Several of
them also have grant funds that may be available to support
neighborhood programs in this general area.
For example, HEW's Health Services and Mental Health
Administration conducts a Childhood Lead-Based Paint
Poisoning Control Program which is designed to assist local
governments in developing and implementing such
programs. . .
The same office at HEW conducts an Urban Rat Control
Program with grant funds available to public or private non-.
profit agencies, institutions, or organizations. The program's
major objective is to support comprehensive community
programs to reduce rat infestations and related en-
vironmental problems, such as unapproved garbage and
refuse storage, to a level where they no longer exert a public
health and economic effect. . .
You, are of course familiar with the Department of Housing
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INNER CITY CRISIS
and Urban Development's (HUD) Neighborhood Develop-
ment, Community Renewal, Code Enforcement and Urban
Renewal Programs. Grant funds under most of these
programs are directly available to governmental units only,
although they are by their very nature neighborhood and
community programs. Also, HUD's "701(b)" Program,
which is an urban planning research and demonstration
program, is directly available to not for profit organizations,
as well as public agencies, public and private universities
and profit-making organizations.
More detailed information is available on these and many
other Federal programs that may provide grant or contract
funds for neighborhood environmental programs. . . in a
publication entitled Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
which is available from the Public Documents Department,
Government Printing Office, Washongton, D.C. 20402 for
$7.00. It is also available for public use in Federal Depository
Libraries. This catalog also contains outline descriptions of
EPA's grants programs as well as grant application in-
formation.
In closing, I will return to where I believe EPA is heading
with respect to neighborhood programs. As I implied earlier
EPA is not, by law or otherwise, an OEO or a HUD-Model
Cities-type agency in terms of its legal ability to launch and
financially support neighborhood environmental programs
on a nationwide scale. As a regulatory and research-oriented
agency, its prime interest is in gaining the information and
knowledge necessary to enable it to fulfill its major func-
tions. On the neighborhood level, this is most often ac-
complished through research and demonstration projects,
which I previously described.
The Agency's recently created Office of Civil Rights and
Urban Affairs. . . is now charged with at least three major
functions:
1. Coordinating Agency programs and activities that
directly involve or significantly impact urban and inner city
areas;
2. Developing and administering a $10 million EPA
Minority Business Enterprise Program; and
3. Developing and monitoring demonstration projects
applying the Agency's ongoing programs, i.e., air, water,
solid waste, etc. to urban and inner city conditions.
Although presently not fully staffed and currently funded
for administrative costs only, we have initiated a request for
funding during Fiscal Year 1974 (beginning July 1, 1973)
which will allow us to do considerably more in the area of
neighborhood demonstration projects. However, unless and
until existing legislation is changed, we will still be limited
at EPA to dealing with neighborhood environmental
problems that are directly related to the subject areas over
which we now have direct jurisdiction. . .
We are currently designing a system to enable us to more
effectively coordinate Agency programs and activities that
directly involve or heavily impact conditions in our urban
environment.
The major portion of EPA funds and regulatory activities
are necessarily directed to the urban environment.
Necessarily because that is the major source and bearer of
the burdens of environmental pollution, whether from the
dangerously foul air produced in part by automobile and
other motor traffic, or from the industrial and municipal
plants whose discharges into surrounding lakes and rivers
damage our urban water sources, which still provide our
drinking water as well as water for recreational purposes. As
better stated by Mr. William D. Ruckelshaus, Administrator
of EPA in his recent testimony before the U.S. Senate Sub-
committee on the Environment, "the environmental
problems of the Nation's inner city residents are of critical
concern to EPA because pollution levels in the central city
are often at their worse, and because this pollution impacts
on a population already bearing a number of other social,
economic, and environmental burdens."
Thus the $3 + billion that EPA has spent over its short life
span assisting States and cities (mostly cities) in the con-~
struction, modification and expansion of waste water and
drinking water treatment facilities have had a heavy,
although perhaps not an easily discernible impact on the
urban environment, other than perhaps the jobs created by
such activity. Its regulation and enforcement of the amount
of lead permitted in gasoline as well as its requirement of
anti-pollution features in new automobiles and other
motorized transportation, will continue to directly benefit the
urban environment.
EPA's increased authority under the new Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 to regulate in-
dustrial and other discharges into our waterways will
directly benefit our urban environment. Its entirely new
authority to regulate noise under the new Noise Control Act
of 1972 will have a most significant impact on the quality of
the urban environment.
... the larger question across the country, I think, is
whether local initiative and support from concerned citizens
such as yourselves, will fully and creatively assert itself in
this exciting and timely new effort to make peace with our
environment, in such a way that this Administration and
future administrations will be continually assured that it is,
indeed, everbody's fight.
and for
the
region . . .
Francis T. Mayo
In some parts of the city people call it solid waste,
congestion, high decibel readings, participates. In others
they just call it garbage, rats, overcrowding, noise and bad
air. The words are different. The meaning is the same.
The environment of the inner city area has always been the
most polluted, just as it always has had the worst housing,
most poverty and highest crime rate. The inner city always
gets the highest scores in the worst categories.
Many people think the environmental movement is all
about trees, blue skies and birds. It is. But it also is con-
cerned with the troubles of city life, because that seems to be
where pollution problems are the worst.
Problems of noise, sanitation, and congestion affect nearly
all sections of the larger cities. But overcrowding, rats,
flaking leaded paint, deteriorating housing, and ever-present
litter and garbage are more typical of the inner city. This has
been true ever since there were large cities.
And EPA's Midwest Region encompasses some of our
nation's largest and, therefore, most problem-ridden cities --
Chicago, Cleveland, Gary, Detroit. Because these cities are
aware of the seriousness of their problems, they know they
must work hard, and in some cases have already begun
devising sometimes unique solutions to improve less than
perfect living conditions.
And EPA in the Midwest is working in unique and special
ways to try to help. EPA's Region V is involved in
establishing closer working ties with inner-city residents who
(Continued on Back Page)
Page 3
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government
CITIZENS LEARN CLEAN AIR LAWS AS EPA
MOVES INTO ACTION ON ENFORCEMENT
Gary's Mayor Rich-
ard Hafcher at citizen
air pollution brief-
ings.
EPA's air enforcement program - designed to
back up State efforts in getting clean air by 1975 --
has begun in earnest.
A 10-man regional air enforcement team has begun
concentrating its first efforts in the Northwest
Indiana area. Also high on the EPA priority list of
concerns is Cleveland, Ohio.
Under the Clean Air Act the states in Region V
have the primary authority for controlling emissions
and EPA's strategy is to step in only if it feels there's
been slippage and sources will not be cleaned up by
the mid-70's.
Cleveland's sources in the 100-ton category or over
number so many (90). So EPA will first be looking at
the 1000-ton a year sources (28).
EPA is concentrating its resources on the top 300 to
400 of the Region's 13,000 sources at present.
The Ohio EPA was asked to give a rundown on its
1000-ton sources in Cleveland by the end of January,
1973. In the northwest Indiana area EPA is working
with the State to make sure dischargers there get on
a schedule that will insure compliance by 1975.
Because of the need to get these dischargers on a
schedule, EPA has set the Gary, Indiana area as its
number one priority in Region V.
EPA activities in air pollution control have shifted
as source compliance (getting sources onto a
cleanup schedule) has come to the fore. Passage of
the Clean Air Act in December, 1970 set a clock in
motion that in the last two years has meant com-
pletion by each state of an air implementation plan -
a game plan for achieving clean air.
The source compliance schedule is but one part of
the state's control strategy - a main ingredient in the
implementation plan. The schedule consists of
agreements with each discharger for clean-up. The
most serious air pollution problem in the area is not
Cleveland or Gary but the Steubenville (Ohio) -
Wheeling (West Virginia) region where particulate
concentrations at one point in January reached close
to 1000 micrograms per cubic meter (the significant
harm level). The State of Ohio is moving vigorously
in this locality.
In its enforcement activities EPA asks two
questions. The first is, how clean is the air, and
second, what are state and local agencies doing.
Gary's Mayor Richard Hatcher told an EPA
workshop last week that he welcomed EPA's em-
phasis on Northwest Indiana and hoped his area
would soon become the second highest priority in the
region -- we'd at least like to be known as No. 2
because we tried harder.
Page 4
THE SCIENCE OF COMPLIANCE-
But regardless of the seriousness of the air
pollution, each state agency in Region V must submit
schedules for cleanup by class of pollutant emitted
(CO, NO, hydrocarbons, particulates, SO, and
photochemical oxidants) in the very near future.
When approved by EPA cleanup schedules will be
enforceable by both State pollution control agencies
and EPA. Each discharger covered by a schedule
whose plans for cleanup will require longer than 12
months will have certain interim dates to meet as
part of their schedule. These milestones, called
"increments of progress," include: 1) submission of
plans 2) letting of contracts 3) start of construction 4)
completion of construction and 5) final compliance.
The source compliance schedule is based on an
inventory that has been made by each state agency
of who is actually polluting the air in each state. If
dischargers who are put on a schedule of compliance
fall behind, the State agency or EPA can go to court
and prove there was a violation of the schedule.
When a discharger is having trouble meeting his
compliance schedule for one or more pollutants the
governor of a State can request up to a year delay for
a category of pollutants.
Here is the current situation in each State in
Region V:
INDIANA - An EPA-funded study has called for
increased manpower and funds for the State air
pollution control agency. In addition, Indiana needs a
permit system (currently being established) and a
simple mechanism for developing legally en-
forceable compliance schedules.
WISCONSIN - Compliance schedules for Wisconsin
emitters who exceed regulations have not yet been
submitted by the State agency but are expected in
the next few months. EPA feels that a series of or-
ders issued by the State in 1972 is not complete
enough and that there is a need for more interim
dates. Orders have been issued by the State for 168
sources so far. Not all are in compliance. The State
budget for air control is currently about $1 million
with 24 people.
MINNESOTA - Most dischargers are already
under cleanup orders which should be submitted to
EPA shortly.
ILLINOIS - The State has an experienced staff and
a permit system for new and existing sources. Some
permit applications have been submitted to the State
EPA by sources but have had to be returned because
of a lack of signature or schedules.
MICHIGAN - The State has schedules on some
sources. Compliance schedules have not yet been
submitted to EPA but are expected soon.
OHIO - The State has not yet officially submitted a
source compliance schedule. EPA expects a large
number of schedules for dischargers in the next few
months. The main problem is that the State has an
exceedingly large number of sources with which to
deal.
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^*'- »
Left: citizens and government officials
examine handouts.
Above: Betty K/aric, C/eve/and Press
environmental reporter, and EPA con-
sultant Marvin Zeldin, conduct pane/
discussion.
l^^^MMMMM^HMMM^H^B^^HHH^HHHH
One of the many speakers
The Citizen's Job In Air Cleanup
During late January, Region V in cooperation with
the state pollution control agencies and local clean air
groups held a series of one-day briefings on what
citizens can do to help in air cleanup. Some of the
major points made during those briefings are sum-
marized here:
First, a citizen or group should understand the
problem. The following publications are suggested:
A Citizen's Guide to Clean Air
Citizen Role In Implementation Of Clean Air
Standards
Citizen Suits Under the Clear Air Act
Don't Leave It To All The Experts
Citizen Action Can Get Results
Second, the citizen should ask questions concerning
compliance schedules:
1) Is best available technology being required?
2) Are these compliance schedules being negotiated
as quickly as possible?
3) Do the schedules meet emission standards?
4) Are there clear deadlines?
5) Is there enough information available from the
discharger (only trade secrets are privileged)?
Third, if you find that a polluter is doing a good job,
tell others; if he is doing a bad job do the same.
Fourth, under the Clean Air Act of 1970 a citizen can
sue any alleged violator of an emission standard or
limitation if a postponement is sought; if there is an
emission violation, the citizen can sue the EPA's
administrator on non-discretionary actions.
Other legal tools available for the citizen's use in-
clude the National Environmental Policy Act, the
Freedom of Information Act, the citizen provisions of
the Clean Air Act and state, local and Federal
nuisance laws.
Some significant points brought out during the
workshops include:
1) Citizens should know whether their state pollution
control agency has enough manpower and money to
do the job required by law;
2) Citizens should not only publicize the short-
comings, but should praise industry when it does a
good job;
3) Citizen efforts should not be spread too thin
among too many issues;
4) Pollution is both a "health" issue and a "law and
order" issue.
Some of the citizen groups felt that in many cases
public hearings are becoming merely a formality and
that it is, therefore, becoming increasingly difficult to
maintain enthusiasm for participation and concern.
State citizen groups which co-sponsored the
meetings with EPA included:
Detroit: T.B. and Health Society in conjunction with
other groups
Cleveland: Cleveland Air Conservation Committee
Milwaukee: Wisconsin T.B. and R.D. Association
Minneapolis: Metro Clean Air Committee
Indianapolis: T.B. and R.D. Association of Central
Indiana
Gary: Northwest Indiana Clean Air Coordinating
Committee
State pollution officials participating in the briefings
included:
Detroit: Robert P. Miller, District Engineer, Division
of Air Pollution Control, Michigan Board of Public
Health
Cleveland: Allan Franks, Assistant Chief, Public
Interest Center, Ohio EPA
Milwaukee: Douglas Evans, Director, Bureau of Air
Pollution Control, Division of Environmental
Protection, Wisconsin Department of Natural
Resources
Minneapolis: Edward Wiik, Director, Division of Air
Quality Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Indianapolis: Harry Williams, Director, Division of
Air Pollution Control, Indiana State Board of Health
Gary: Edward Stresino, Air Pollution Division,
Indiana State Board of Health. Robert Goldberg, Air
Pollution Division, Illinois EPA. Gary Mayor, Richard
Hatcher.
Pages
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business-cover story
Banking On The Quality Of Life
by Frank Cbrrado
In this surprising age it's probably not too sur-
prising to learn that there is a bank in Minneapolis
that has just released a report on the quality of life in
the Twin Cities.
What might be more surprising is that anyone
decided to look at the quality of life in Minneapolis at
all, for too many out-of-town observers Minneapolis is
something like the San Francisco of the Midwest. It is
for the most part a well-planned, good-government,
friendly area with a downtown mall in Minneapolis
second to none in the country. There is a vibrant night-
life, the Guthrie Theatre, proximity to prime un-
spoiled recreation land, and a kind of "Scandanavian
air" to the entire community.
A study made last year by the Urban Institute of
quality of life factors - indicators such as jobs, in-
come, health, pollution, housing, public safety,
education, and transportation-revealed that the Twin
Cities area ranked first nationally among 18 cities
surveyed.
Was all the effort by the First National Bank of
Minneapolis to develop a quality of life index over the
.last two years a waste of time? "Far from it," an-
swers Dr. James L. Hetland, Jr., the bank's Vice
President of Urban Development. Formerly the first
chairman of the Twin Cities Metropolitan Council, and
law professor-turned banker, Hetland says, "Our
purpose is to determine how our bank can keep the
community alive. After all, we just can't pack up and
move. It doesn't pay to have a strong business com-
munity in the midst of a sick center city"'.
But Jim Hetland certainly doesn't believe that the
Twin Cities are sick, not in the least. What he and his
boss, Bank President George H. Dixon, do feel though
is that First Minneapolis' long-run self-interest
depends on the overall health of the region they're
located in.
Out of this long-term self interest has come a unique
attempt to measure the quality of life in the Twin
Cities. Banks like First Minneapolis, says Hetland,
have no problem measuring their own financial health
or the effectiveness of their own business
organization. However, the bank found it was difficult
to measure the effects of its philanthropic con-
tributions and participation in civic affairs. Rather
than look at just their own activities, however, First
Minneapolis in 1971 decided to develop an annual
Social-Environmental Audit - a system to measure
Proposed components and standards for annual social-environmental audit
Components (Accounts) Standards
Components (Accounts) Standards
1. Job Opportunities
Percent of persons unemployed.
Percent of persons who have changed
jobs in the last five years.
Percent of population employed.
Percent of skilled jobs without people
to fill them.
6. Quality Education
Pleasing and Healthy
Physical Environment
Amount of pollution in the air
measured against established stan-
dards.
Amount of pollution in the water
measured against established stan-
dards.
Visual appearance of the area as
judged by an urban environment
committee on the basis of their own
criteria.
Percent of land dedicated to highway
use.
Percent of land preserved for parks
and open space use.
Percent of high school graduates.
Percent of high school dropouts.
Percent of high school graduates
going to college.
Percent of high school students taking
national comparative tests who score
better than national averages.
7. A Safe Society
Number of violent crimes per 10,000.
Number of misdemeanors per 10,000.
Number of felonies per 10,000.
Percent of core city and suburban
persons who feel safe walking the
streets at night in their neighborhood.
A High Level of
Citizen Participation
3. Suitable Housing
Percent of substandard dwelling
units.
Number of communities with zoning
ordinances permitting low and
moderate Income housing.
Number of new housing starts in past
year.
Average number of persons per
dwelling unit.
Percent of eligible persons voting in
city elections.
Number of persons in city-wide civic
groups or numbers of persons in
neighborhood associations.
Percent of persons over 21 donating to
the United Fund.
9. Widespread Cultural
Activity
4. Good Health
Percent of infant mortalities.
Life expectancy.
Per capita incidence of heart disease.
Venereal disease rate.
5. Adequate Income Levels
Percent of households earning less
than S5,000 a year.
Percent of households earning less
than $10,000 a year.
Number of people on various forms of
public assistance and annual net gains
or losses for public assistance case
loads.
Number of persons visiting:
a) Guthrie Theatre
b) Walker Art Center
c) Minneapolis Institute of Arts
d) Minnesota Orchestra
e) St. Paul Arts and Sciences Center
f) Civic and semi-professional
theatres.
Number of community art exhibitions
and concerts.
10. Adequate Transportation
Number of automobiles registered in
metropolitan area.
Percent of persons using public buses
for daily transportation to work.
Percent of one-passenger cars driving
into downtown area in rush hours.
Page*
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the health of the community and the results of what
individual businesses are doing to improve com-
munity well-being.
Nationally only the GNP - Gross National Product -
measures the economic well-being of our nation.
However, over a period of time there has been much
talk of developing a national quality of life index to
reflect the total national well-being. Says Hetland, "A
local disaster could greatly impare the GNP of. this
area. It certainly is not an accurate indicator of well-
being."
Picking up on some of the research already being
used by the Urban Institute and others, First Min-
neapolis came up with a series of indicators from
which they proposed to develop their audit. Among
those factors are job opportunities, income, health,
public safety, housing, education, environment, public
participation, transportation, and culture. Base line
data for these categories collected throughout the
year has been evaluated and weighted, and is now
providing a base-line for comparing what happens in
each of these areas between now and when next year's
report is issued.
Hetland is reluctant to reveal just what the index
number is, mainly, he says, because in some cases
where polling statistics were used, not enough persons
were sampled and percentage differences would
appear too exaggerated.
Nevertheless, Hetland does hint that the quality of
life appears to be pretty good in the Twin Cities. "We
tried to emphasize measuring the disparity between
the core area and the suburbs," he says. "The polling
information we used came from the annual
metropolitan poll - an attitudinal survey - conducted
by the local newspaper." What resulted was a social
disparity index which showed divergence between city
and suburbs. "One thing we definitely learned from
the survey," says Hetland, "is that we have a raging
VD epidemic going on in the Twin Cities."
Another major problem, says Hetland, has been
gathering statistics in a way that will work out with
the quality of life index. "The search for precise in-
dicators of quality of life components has proved
difficult because the existing data is often insufficient,
inaccurate, or accumulated too infrequently or on too
broad a geographical basis. Most statistics reveal the
quantity of effort expended rather than the results or
achievements attained."
For example, says Hetland, much information is
available about the amount of state aid for public
education, but there is no comparable information
about the educational results achieved.
In the environmental area, two parameters were
considered: air and water. An air pollution index
based on the daily average over a 6 week period
beginning in early October, 1972 yielded a 34.1 on a
scale from 0 (good) to 150 (unhealthy). The water
pollution index was based on fecal coliform counts at
four locations on the Mississippi River. Apparently
pollution conditions in the city's lakes were not con-
sidered. Readings given for the Mississippi were
generally unsatisfactory. A third element was also
considered under the environmental section, that is,
park acres per thousand persons.
The transportation index was based on average
number of occupants per car and the kinds of modes of
travel used - auto, transit and walking.
Hetland feels that there has been an impressive
amount of community acceptance of the audit idea as
developed by First Minneapolis and he senses a
community readiness to continue the audit on a
regular basis now that the base data has been ac-
cumulated, although hopefully under the auspices of a
governmental agency.
"Our next step is to use the audit to determine which
community problems are priority needs that the Bank
should be addressing," he says.
Some people close to the banking community in the
Twin Cities feel that the efforts for a quality of life
index by First Minneapolis are intended to encourage
the banking community to begin putting money into
housing for the core city areas. Insiders say First
Minneapolis is willing to take the step but wants the
competition to take similar risks. This in part may
explain why the quality of life index was divided
between core area and suburbs when possible.
In a time when corporate social responsibility is
becoming a more and more prominent issue, First
Minneapolis has taken a very dramatic step in this
direction, recognizing its future success is tied to the
community. The difficult questions, says Hetland,
have been asked: "How can a company know that it is
engaged in really necessary social-environmental
activity? Who determines the value system and the
criteria? If a business uses up part of the natural
environment, does our present accounting system
reflect that company's true cost of business? What
accounting system would properly reflect this cost, or
measure a company's real contribution towards
solution of major problems in our urban society?"
This new accounting process for social audit will
hopefully help First Minneapolis and other com-
munity enterprises to find out if they are getting their
money's worth in their public-spirited work. Also, it
will give them an idea of what really has to be done to
make their community a success - for everyone. The
reaction of the Twin Cities community to this audit
may well determine the direction of the quality of life
index in the years to come.
Page?
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EPA
DDT BANNED IN U.S.
Effective January 1, 1973 general use of the
pesticide DDT became illegal in the United States.
Although the end to the continued domestic usage of
the pesticide was decreed on June 14, 1972 by EPA
Administrator William D. Ruckelshaus, the effective
date was delayed until January 1st to permit an or-
derly transition to substitute pesticides.
The cancellation decision culminated three years of
intensive governmental inquiries into the uses of DDT.
As a result of this examination, it was felt that con-
tinued massive use of DDT posed unacceptable health
risks to the environment and potential harm of human
health.
EPA ORDERS "DEFEAT DEVICES" REMOVED
Six auto manufacturers - General Motors, Ford,
Chrysler, American Motors, Nissan and Toyota -
have been ordered to eliminate certain emission
control system disabling devices from 1973
automobiles produced after specified dates.
All of the devices serve to automatically disable at
least part of the emission control system under
commonly encountered conditions of urban driving,
but they do so at the cost of increasing emissions of air
pollutants. Approximately 2 million of the cars and
trucks yet to be produced by the six manufacturers
will be affected by the order.
REGULATIONS PROPOSED FOR NATIONAL
WASTEWATER
Regulations for issuing permits for the discharge of
wastewater into navigable waters have been proposed
by EPA. The proposed regulations set the policy and
procedures for a nationwide system of issuing permits
to cities, industry and agriculture as established by
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972.
Under the regulations, applicants for permits,
except municipalities, would be required to provide
the best practicable water pollution control
technology currently available by July 1, 1977. Cities
would be required to achieve secondary treatment by
the same date. All applicants also must comply with
the water quality standards which are continued
under the new law.
INDIANA IS GRANTED INTERIM AUTHORITY
Interim authority has been granted to the states of
Indiana, Massachusetts and Virginia and the territory
of American Samoa for issuing permits for the
discharge of wastewater into navigable waters.
Previously, EPA had granted interim authority to
California, Georgia, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota,
Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Oregon and Washington.
The interim authority expires on March 18 and the
EPA will assume authority for issuing permits at the
end of this period unless state programs to issue
permits on a permanent basis have been approved by
then. Although a State receives interim authority, this
does not mean that it presently meets the
requirements to receive permanent authority to issue
permits.
MPCA AND EPA ANNOUNCE JOINT PERMIT
APPLICATION HEARING
The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have issued
joint notice that the applications of six companies
located in Minnesota for permits to discharge
wastewater into navigable waters have been accepted
for joint public hearing.
The names and locations of the companies are: Iowa
Beef Processors, Lucerne; Blandin Paper Co., Grand
Rapids; Northwest Paper Co., Brainard; Hennepin
Paper Co., Little Falls; Chicago and Northwestern
Railroad, Cedar lake Yards, Minneapolis; and
Ottertail Power Co., Bemidji.
EPA FUNDS TRAINING PROGRAM IN GARY,
INDIANA
An environmental program to develop job skills of
Spanish-speaking workers has been launched in Gary,
Indiana. Under the program, the first of its kind in the
Midwest, 18 Spanish-speaking students are being
trained to become skilled employees in wastewater
treatment plants.
EPA awarded the program a $50,000 contract and
another sponsor, Service Employment Redevelop-
ment, a Spanish-oriented group, will provide $21,780 in
stipends for the trainees in the first 22-week session.
Representatives of major steel firms and the Gary
Sanitary District, potential employers of the Spanish-
speaking students, are serving on an advisory board
created for the program by Northwest Technical
Institute which is administering the program.
TRANSPORTATION CONTROL STRATEGY
GUIDELINES PROPOSED
Guidelines for the States to follow in developing
transportation control strategies necessary for
meeting the national ambient air quality standards
have been proposed by the EPA. Transportation
control measures are required for any air quality
control region where such measures are needed to
ensure attainment of the ambient air standards -
including Minneapolis, Chicago, and Dayton, Ohio.
The proposed guidelines define requirements for
information that must be included in the tran-
sportation plans. The guidelines also include
estimates of emissions reductions that could result
from State inspection-maintenance programs and
from retrofitting emission control devices on in-use
vehicles.
The control strategies under consideration by the
States include such alternatives as vehicle inspection
systems, parking bans, gasoline rationing, staggered
working hours, car pools, mass transit, and retrofit
pollution control equipment for in-use vehicles.
Pages
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ACTION
STUDY ON IN-USE VEHICLE EMISSION CON-
TROLS
According to an EPA study entitled "Control
Strategies for In-Use Vehicles," annual vehicle in-
spections for air pollution control could reduce total
automobile exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide by
up to 10 per cent and hydrocarbons by up to 12 per
cent.
The study evaluates four approaches to inspection
programs that could be carried out by the States.
Among the approaches are measuring tail pipe
emissions while idling; measuring tail pipe emissions
at various speeds; "engine parameter diagnosis" -
determining the mechanical condition of emission-
related components to identify worn-out parts or
improper adjustments; and, mandatory maintenance
of specific emission-related components.
INTERIM POLICY ANNOUNCED ON SERVICING
AUTO EMISSION CONTROLS
An interim policy regarding maintenance and parts
replacement for auto emission control systems has
been announced by the EPA. The interim policy would
permit auto dealers to repair emission control
systems-with replacement parts, whether or not the
parts have been produced by the original auto
manufacturer. The same policy would apply to parts
or systems added on to existing emissions control
systems.
The interim policy is intended to clear up un-
certainties about the use of automotive "aftermarket"
equipment in repairing or servicing emission control
systems. (The automotive aftermarket is defined as
manufacturers other than those which produce the
original vehicle.)
EPA TO DEVELOP STANDARDS FOR NEW
PLANTS
The Environmental Protection Agency has
published a list of 27 industries for which it will
develop water pollution control standards for new
plants. Under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972, EPA is required to establish
standards of performance for these new sources of
pollution which require application of the "best
available demonstrated control technology,
processes, operating methods or other alternatives
including, where practicable, a standard permitting
no discharge of pollutants."
The standards must be issued within one year from
publication of the list of industries and they will be
applicable only to new sources or plants for which
construction commences after the date of publication
of proposed regulations.
FIVE WATER SUPPLIES APPROVED IN REGION
V
Five water supplies in Region V have recently been
classified as having met established Federal stan-
dards for use by interstate carriers. They are: the
cities of Chicago, 111.; Carbondale, HI.; Port Huron,
Mich.; and Dayton, Ohio; and East China Township in
St. Clair County, Mich.
The EPA classifications are part of an ongoing
inspection program by the Agency designed to assist
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration with its
responsibility for certifying water used by interstate
carriers. At present, 85 water supplies in Region V are
approved under the program.
PAINT FIRM GUILTY OF VIOLATING FEDERAL
ACT
The Hooker Glass and Paint Company of Chicago,
Illinois has been found guilty of four counts of
violating the provisions of the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA,) The firm
was fined $3,000 of which $2,500 was suspended. The
firm has been placed on three years' probation with
the provision that if the firm should be found guilty of
violating the Act during this probationary period, the
ruling would be vacated and the balance of the fine
would be payable.
The counts charged non-registration and
misbranding of two products in the firm's line. The
products are: "Empire Non-Staining Penta Wood
Preservative" and "Dura Shield Latex Redwood Stain
No. 837-08."
Under FIFRA, any pesticide product moving in
interstate commerce must first be registered with
EPA on the basis of proven effectiveness against a
particular pest or pests and have demonstrated safety
to humans, crops, livestock, wildlife and the en-
vironment when used as directed.
EPA GRANTS APPROVAL TO FORD
EPA has granted approval to the Ford Motor
Company to sell more than 9,000 Mavericks and
Comets in storage since last May.
Final pollution tests on these cars' engines show
they meet 1973 standards. The company was forced to
retest the engines because employes had performed
unauthorized tests on them.
MICHIGAN AND ILLINOIS RECEIVE GRANTS
The States of Michigan and Illinois have received
grants from EPA to support water pollution control
programs in their respective States during the 1973
fiscal year.
Michigan was granted $555,700 . An ad-
ditional sum of $142,600 is available to Michigan for
program expansion during the balance of this fiscal
year. Guidelines are in the process of being developed
by EPA for the application of the funds.
Illinois' $660,900 grant was approved along with the
Illinois Water Pollution Control Program Plan for
fiscal year 1973. Also reserved for Illinois for the
remainder of the 1973 fiscal year was an added
$165,900 to assist in the implementation of the new
Federal legislation.
Page 9
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Taking o water sample.
An Akron newspaper headline declared "Students
Get Feet Wet for Ecology" - and that's exactly what
high school students throughout the Cleveland area
have been doing now since that article appeared last
summer.
One group of 25 of the Akron Kenmore High School's
Ciean Water Club went on an overnight field trip one
damp day last summer to learn water sampling and
testing techniques. With summer spent mastering
these techniques, fall brought selection of monitoring
sites on northeast Ohio streams that flow into Lake
Erie.
Perhaps the most unique aspect of this student
activity lies in the use that will be made of their test
results. The data collected will not simply be filed
away to gather dust, but will be reported to various
governmental agencies for actual use in en-
vironmental protection activities.
These students are participating in a pilot
educational program that focuses on involving
students in community environmental problems -- a
project initiated by Cleveland's Institute for
Environmental Education, already a Presidential
Page 10
environmental education
Student Project Will
Support Government
Pollution Control Efforts
environmental merit award winner.
According to Thomas N. Offutt, Vice President of
the Institute, "Environmental problems will be the
focus for this relevant educational experience and an
opportunity for students to perform useful community
service."
Information and data will be gathered and studied
by the students and then used by governmental
agencies including the Three Rivers Watershed
District, Department of the Army, Buffalo District
Corps of Engineers, the Cuyahoga Valley Association
and the Federal Trade Commission. Specific data
dealing with water quality indices, community health
factors and consumer product testing has been
requested by these organizations.
Joseph H. Chadbourne, Institute President, ex-
plains, "The project will bring together the interests
of students and agencies concerned with en-
vironmental problems in Cleveland. The student will
consider the community as an extension of the
classroom." Lab and field experiences are being
designed by project participants to integrate science
-------
Student discussion and planning at the In-
stitute for Environmental Education.
and the social studies and to relate them to existing
community problems.
The program, designed to develop a curriculum
using "problem solving" as an educational technique,
has received the largest project grant made from
Federal funds distributed under the Environmental
Education Act. The $80,000 award made by HEW's
Office of Environmental Education was one of 160
grants selected from 1600 applicants. The program is
designated as one of two National Demonstration
Projects in Environmental Education, and is being co-
sponsored by the Cleveland Health Museum and
Education Center and Cleveland State University.
Cleveland Institute is a national nonprofit
organization for training teachers and developing
curriculums in environmental education.
It is expected that this pilot project will serve as a
model for similar programs nationwide. In addition,
reports developed by the student researchers will be
made available to EPA, the Three Rivers Watershed
District and the Corps of Engineers.
Lob analysis of samples gathered leads to
discussion
Student enthusiasm for the project has been
tremendous. In fact as Kenmore High's activities
developed last summer, club advisor Robert Bresky
was having a hard time keeping up with the club,
particularly rounding up enough equipment for the
young environmentalists.
While the specific techniques being taught are
necessary, the most important training is in problem-
solving as an educational technique -- "the process,"
Bresky calls it.
"You get the kids involved in the community. They
see the problems and want to become part of the
solution rather than the problem. They know that
before we can clean up Lake Erie we have to clean up
the streams and rivers that flow into it.
"They see how they could help industry or business
in at least providing pollution data so that if there is a
problem, the cause and extent will be made known."
With his enthusiasm, Bresky sums up, "They really
want to help. They're great."
Page 11
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government
Zero-Phosphate
Detergent 'Gap1
Fills Up Slowly
by Dennis Hoffman
Reprinted with the permission of the Indianapolis
Star.
1 Important Notice
BY HOUSE BMU9MIIM.
J-TE!
•r
***
Grocers in Central Indiana celebrated the New Year
by restocking their shelves with nonphosphate
laundry detergents.
A controversial state law forbidding the sale and use
of laundry products containing phosphorus went into
effect while most of the stores were closed.
Housewives found empty shelves where their favorite
detergent used to be stacked.
The gaps were due to two reasons: Procter and
Gamble Company, maker of Tide and other big
sellers, is not selling its zero-phosphate products in
Indiana; and some wholesalers are having trouble
meeting retailers' demands.
"So many people just did not know about it (the no-
phosphate law)," said Tony Evans, manager of a G
and W Food Giant. "I guess they just haven't been
reading the paper or listening to the radio."
Evans and most other grocery store executives said
that customers seem willing to try the substitutes,
although some customers bought as much as a case of
their favorite product prior to the Jan. 1 deadline.
They either were unaware that the law also prohibits
use of these detergents, or they don't care.
Procter and Gamble, manufacturer of Bold, Cheer,
Dash, Gain, Oxydol, and Tide, is producing no-
phosphate versions of these detergents on a very
limited scale for sale at Chicago, Miami, and Buffalo
as a market test.
A spokesman for the Cincinnati-based firm said
these will not be sold in Indiana until the company is
satisfied the substitutes are safe, effective and
marketable. Buffalo, Chicago and Miami have city
ordinances banning phosphate detergents, but Indiana
has the only state-wide prohibition of such products.
The other two major detergent manufacturers -
Lever Brothers Company and Colgate-Palmolive
Company - also have developed phosphate-free
detergents. Theirs are being shipped to wholesalers
and retailers in the state.
Much time was spent putting in extra heavy supplies
of Drive, Fab and Cold Power to fill the holes in the
shelves left by the Procter and Gamble products.
Corine Manning, owner of Enix's Market said the
only detergent she has in supply is 12 boxes of Breeze.
A supervisor for an A&P grocery in eastern Marion
County reported that his inventory is very low, but he
expects large quantities of Colgate-Palmolive and
Lever Brothers detergents.
Until these products come in, shoppers may have to
rely on Miracle White, Arm and Hammer or one of the
other small manufacturers for no-phosphate
detergent.
While the ban is causing some minor problems now,
David Hewson, manager of the Clermont IGA
Foodliner, said he does not expect trouble over the
long haul.
"I'm taking the viewpoint that people are wearing
the same amount of clothing, and will need the same
amount of detergent to get them clean," he said.. "We
will probably have the same here that they had in
Chicago - people will buy more bleach and fabric
softener."
Page 12
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NiW ITEMS
collectanea
NEW GENERAL PUBLICATIONS
"The Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (Ocean Dumping).
Highlights."
"Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. Public Law 92-500."
"EPA Citizens' Bulletin. January 1973." A monthly newsletter of important develop-
ments at EPA.
"A prototype of environmental civilization." An address by William D. Ruckelshaus to
the Comstock Club, Sacramento, California, October 17, 1972.
"Common Environmental Terms. A Glossary." A booklet of words and terms used in
discussing and writing about the environment.
"The Search." Presentation of EPA's National Water Quality Laboratory's search for
ways to protect our water supply.
"Indian Creek Reservoir: a new fishing and recreational lake from reclaimed
wastewater." A Technology Transfer publication.
"Research and Monitoring. Cornerstone for Environmental Action." Booklet on the
scientific research and monitoring program conducted by EPA.
"Reducing Auto Emissions: Some Relevant Facts." An address by Robert L. Sansom,
Assistant Administrator for Air and Water Programs to the North American Conference
on Motor Vehicle Emission Control, Albuquerque, New Mexico, November 13, 1972.
"Don't Leave It All To The Experts." A 20-
page illustrated booklet designed to stimulate
environmental action by citizen groups.
Describes the fundamentals, tools and
techniques of organized citizen action and how
concerned persons working in concert can
contribute to environmental quality.
Single copies of the above publications are available from the Office of Public Affairs,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, One North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606
or the Public Inquiries Branch, Office of Public Affairs, U.S. EPA, Washington, D. C.
20460.
NEW EPA LIBRARY OPENS
The new EPA library located at the headquarters building in Washington is now
available by appointment to researchers, scientists, and other professional personnel
outside of EPA.
Located at Waterside Mall, 4th and M Streets S.W., the library is open 8 a.m. to 4:30
p.m. Monday through Friday, and is designed primarily for use of EPA personnel.
The library collection now totals approximately 45,000 books, journals and reports
dealing mainly with water quality problems. Eventually it will be expanded to include all
aspects of environmental pollution and control.
CAPSULE REPORTS WILL SPREAD KNOWLEDGE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY
EPA has published the first of a series of technical Capsule Reports on successful
pollution control techniques.
The series, being prepared by the Office of Research and Monitoring's Technology
Transfer program, is designed to speed application of new pollution control methods. The
first issue deals with the recycling of zinc in viscose rayon plants. pa e)3
Don't
Leave It All
To The Experts
-------
IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REVIEW DESCRIBED
IN NEW PUBLICATION
EPA has announced several improvements in its system for reviewing the en-
vironmentally significant actions of other Federal agencies.
The improvements are described in an EPA publication titled "Procedures Manual for
the Review of Federal Actions Impacting the Environment."
The new procedures incorporate both a revised review system and a new set of symbols
for commenting on the adequacy of the statement. The full texts of EPA's comments on
both draft and final statement of other Federal agencies will continue to be made
available to the public either at Waterside Mall in Washington or from the regional office
that originated the comments.
Individual copies of the "Procedures Manual" are available free of charge from the
Public Inquiries Branch, Office of Public Affairs, Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D. C. 20460.
RECENT FEDERAL REGISTERS
As a matter of public record, notices of EPA hearings,
proposed rule makings, promulgations of regulations,
and other regulatory actions are published in the daily
Federal Register, available at most libraries (including
the Region V library) or by annual subscription of $25
from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C. 20402.
December 29 POLLUTION CONTROL. National
pollutant discharge elimination system; forms and
guidelines for acquisition of information from owners
and operators of point sources; extension of comment
period to 1-20-73.
WATER QUALITY. EPA announces interstate and
intrastate water quality standards subject to Agency
review.
January 3. Regulations established on chlordimeform;
tolerances for pesticide chemicals in or on raw
agricultural commodities.
Januarys. PESTICIDE CONTROL PROGRAM. EPA
notice of implementation plant for Pesticide Control Act
and solicitation of views.
January 10. FUEL-FUEL ADDITIVES. EPA
regulations providing for general availability of lead-
free gasolines. EPA proposed regulations providing for
reduction of lead in all grades of leaded gasoline.
NEGOTIATED CONTRACTS. EPA proposes general
provisions for use in cost reimbursement contracts with
educational and other non-profit institutions.
January 11. PESTICIDES. EPA exempts from
requirement of a tolerance the use of xylene as an inert
ingredient in pesticide formulations applicable to stored
grain.
ENVIRONMENT. EPA proposals describing policy
and procedures for issuing or denying permits under the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.
January 12. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL. EPA
proposal on State plans for transportation control
measures; comments by 2-12-73.
January 16. WATER POLLUTION. EPA lists new
pollution source categories subject to Federal per-
formance standards.
January 17. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
STATEMENTS. EPA interim regulations set procedures
for preparation of EPA environmental impact
statement; effective 2-16-73.
January 18. PESTICIDE RESIDUES. EPA issues
tolerances and exemptions for chemicals used on corn
and olives.
EPA notice of petitions to establish tolerances for
chemicals to be used on various raw agricultural com-
modities (from AmChem Products, Chevron Chemical
Co., Ciba-Geigy Corp., W. R. Grace & Co., Monsanto Co.,
Rhodia, Inc., and Union Carbide Corp.)
January 26. PESTICIDES. EPA establishes tolerance
for an insecticide residues on fresh prunes.
January 29. ENVIRONMENTAL RESPON-
SIBILITIES. AEC and EPA issue memorandum of un-
derstanding with respect to responsibilities under the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1972.
PESTICIDES. EPA establishes tolerances for captan
and other chemicals.
EPA proposes tolerances for sodium and potassium
arsenite; comments by 2-28-73.
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
The Region V Office of Personnel is accepting ap-
plications for current and anticipated vacancies in
engineering and the physical sciences. Opportunities
exist in a number of EPA programs in the Chicago office
dealing with environmental problems of air, water,
pesticides and solid waste management. Salaries range
from $7,696 to $19,700 per year depending upon
qualifications. Persons with education or professional
experience in the field of pollution abatement and control
are invited to send a Personal Qualification Statement,
SF171, (obtainable from any U.S. Post Office) or resume
to EPA Region V, One North Wacker Drive, Chicago,
Illinois 60606 Attn: Personnel Branch.
All qualified applicants will receive consideration for
appointment without regard to race, religion, color,
national origin, sex, political affiliations, or any other
non-merit factor.
Page 14
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NEWS:
An international program to monitor and safeguard
the global environment has been established by the
U.N. General Assembly. At the Stockholm Conference
held last June, it approved the creation of "Ear-
thwateh", a complex, worldwide network of 110
monitoring stations which will collect and quantify
important information on the quality of the oceans,
soil, and atmosphere. Financed by the newly
established U.N. environmental fund, the target for
the first five years is $100,000,000 of which the U.S. has
pledged $40,000,000 if other countries provide the
balance.
Concerned citizens in the Jo Daviess, Stephenson
and Ogle Counties area of Illinois have formed The
Committee To Preserve the Great Western Illinois
Trail. In the wake of the Northwestern Railroad
abandoning its right-of-way in this three-county area,
the committee has organized to urge the Illinois
lawmakers to purchase the trail area which runs from
Galena to Byron for use as a recreational trail, mainly
.for hiking and biking. Petitions have been sent to
'Governor Walker with the intent of urging him to
make this trail and maintain it under the State of
Illinois Conservation Department.
Rather than disposing of their waste paper, the Ohio
General Assembly has begun to recycle it. Two
truckloads of papers from last year's sessions of the
Assembly were presented for recycling to Ohio Waste
Watchers, Inc., a volunteer organization.
The Ohio EPA is advocating similar recycling
programs throughout state government. Profits from
these two truckloads will help finance other projects
by Waste Watchers.
The Commonwealth Edison Co., has been given
permission by the Illinois Commerce Commission to
charge its customers for pollution control costs. Also
charged will be some taxes previously absorbed by the
company.
The commission permitted the raise by adding to an
automatic fuel-cost adjustment arrangement the cost
of removing sulfur dioxide from flue gases. The rate
increases will allow the burning of low-cost high-
sulfur coal mines in Illinois, instead of the low-sulphur
coal now being brought in from other states to meet
state anti-pollution standards.
A regulation which would require any business or
organization in Indiana to obtain a permit from the
Indiana Air Pollution Control Board to construct or
operate any potential air pollution source has been
approved by the Indiana State Environmental
Management Board.
Any facility which can or does emit any air con-
taminant must apply for a permit. The applicant must
then prove that the facility meets all state and Federal
air quality regulations, or will meet them by 1975,
before a permit will be issued.
The City of Columbus, Ohio, and Waste-Watchers,
Inc., combined to collect and mulch Christmas trees
for recycling. The original estimate of 20,000 trees
manned by volunteers fell far below the expected
near-30,000 figures. Three sites manned by volun-
teers were set aside where citizens could bring a
container to pick up their mulch.
Prior to the Columbus effort, Ohio EPA Director Dr.
Ira L. Whitman urged all Mayors in Ohio to start a
Christmas tree recycling program in order to
eliminate the problems of regular solid waste
disposal.
In a recent decision by the Ohio Attorney General all
local prosecutors now have the ability to prosecute
violators of the state's air pollution control
regulations. This provides the citizens of Ohio with
increased enforcement of Ohio's air pollution control
regulations as stated in Section 3704.05 of the Ohio
Revised Code,
Enforcement action can now be initiated by anyone
by filing an affidavit with local officials as in reporting
any other civil or criminal violation. The Ohio EPA
will still be able to enforce its regulations, if en-
forcement or prosecution cannot be obtained at the
local level.
The Minnesota Environmental Planning Division
plans to put a mobile air pollution monitoring van in
operation this summer. The van is capable of
measuring the amount of pollution from single in-
dustrial sources or in restricted areas. The van also
would pinpoint levels of pollution that would be
generally monitored by two existing air pollution
monitoring stations in Milwaukee. Four more stations
have been planned in other locations in Milwaukee
County within the next three months. A fifth station
will be in Racine County.
Ohio EPA is beefing up its staff with the addition of
seven new members. U.S. EPA's Alan Levin has been
appointed to head the Intergovernmental
Administration Division, and will act as liaison bet-
ween the Ohio EPA and federal, state and local
governments. He previously worked for the Federal
Water Quality Administration where he administered
a multi-million dollar grant program to assist state
and interstate agencies' water pollution control
programs.
William Sellers of the Mid-Ohio Planning
Federation has been named chief of the Planning
Division. As chief of this division he will coordinate the
state-wide review of environmental impact
statements on federal projects.
A former Peace Corps Director and three state
employees have also been named division chiefs in the
agency. Appointed were Jack Allen Wilson as chief of
Authorization and Compliance, Ernest Neal as chief of
the Division of Surveillance, Paul Flannigan, Chief of
Division of Waste Management and Engineering, and
Kuhnert to the Division of Finance and
Administration.
Page 15
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POLUTION-AN INNER CITY CRISIS
(Continued from Page 3) '
are trying to battle the pollution problem - with the people
who live and work in the city.
Some of the EPA Midwest inner-city activities include:
+ Y.E.A. West Garfield A group of inner-city Neigh-
borhood Youth Corps summer workers told their supervisor
they wanted to do something to improve their neighborhood,
but they didn't want any "push-broom" project. EPA.
working with City officials, came up with a neighborhood
environmental survey sheet that the youth could use to check
on abandoned cars and buildings, smashed litter containers,
garbage-filled lots and the like on a block-by-block basis. In
addition, noise and air tests were established for the young
people to conduct as well. The data sheets were turned in to
the city's sanitation department and extra cleanup was
initiated in the worst areas. The city has plans presently to
extend the program throughout the city.
+Summer Program of Action to Renew the Environment
(SPARE) - In two cities in the Midwest last summer - Gary
and Cleveland - the Environmental Protection Agency
awarded $12,000 grants for involving Summer Neighborhood
Youth Corps workers in environmentally - related programs.
In Cleveland, over 1200 young people received exposure to
environmental education through the project. In Gary,
hundreds more were involved. The program, run annually,
began in the summer of 1971.
-(-Cleveland Awareness Program - The Region V Office of
Public Affairs has been involved in a production of two local
television shows in Cleveland on the issue of inner-city en-
vironmental problems. The first program, aired
during August of 1972 dealt with the SPARE program. A
second show, produced for prime time airing during
December of 1972, dealt with urban ecology. It was produced
by a coalition of community organizations, the Area
Councils Association, and attempted to show the in-
terrelatedness of various aspects of the urban environment.
•fNorthwest Community Organization Environmental
Action Program During October of 1972, the EPA awarded
$38,000 grant to a community group in Chicago to expand
community renewal services in Spanish speaking neigh-
borhoods on Chicago's Northwest side. The program is
geared towards helping the people improve their own neigh-
borhood. A three-phase environmental awareness program
was instituted and included: (1) a vacant lot cleaning project
to cleanup 110 of 500 lots, mostly created as a result of
demolition (2) a contest involving inspection of alleys,
cleanup and painting and institution of rodent control
procedures and (3) an environmental poster contest in-
volving students in 44 schools in the community.
Editor's Note
Our cover features James Hetland of First
National Bank of Minneapolis, one business that has
made an effort to understand, with hopes of im-
proving, the quality of life in one Midwest city.
"Citizens Learn Air Laws As EPA Moves Into
Action on Enforcement" discusses a series of
citizens' briefings on air pollution control com-
pliance schedules held recently throughout the
Midwest.
The government section includes excerpts of a
speech on EPA involvement in improvement of the
urban environment, given by the director of EPA's
Office of Civil Rights and Urban Affairs. It is
followed by Regional Administrator Francis Mayo's
column, which describes Region V participation in
city and neighborhood improvement efforts.
FROM:
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United States Environmental Protection Agency
One North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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