United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
4607
EPA815-R-99-005
DRAFt-April 1999
xvEPA
Unregulated
Contaminant Monitoring
Regulation J3ufeiance for
Operators/
Water Sysfems sewing
10,000 orFg&er People
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Foreword
This document provides guidance to owners and operators of small public water systems (that is,
those serving 10,000 or fewer people) on the requirements of the revised UCMR Program. The data
collected through this program will be used to support the development of the Contaminant
Candidate List (CCL), to support the Administrator's determination of whether to regulate a
contaminant, and to develop regulations. The revised monitoring program is one of the cornerstones
of the sound science approach to future drinking water regulation that is an aim of the 1996 SDWA
Amendments.
Under §1445(a)(2)(A) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), as amended in 1996, the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is to promulgate regulations for an unregulated
contaminant monitoring program by August 1999. The existing unregulated contaminant monitoring
program has been performed according to the program described in CFR 141.40. The 1996 SDWA
Amendments direct a substantially revised UnregulateS Contaminant Monitoring Regulation
(UCMR). The revised UCMR has a new list of contaminants and changes the number of public
water systems (PWSs) that must conduct monitoring and the frequency and schedule for monitoring.
Additional regulatory actions also include the cancellation of unregulated contaminant monitoring
for small systems serving 10,000 orfewer people that is required under the existing UCMR Program.
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Disclaimers
This is a draft for review purposes only and does not constitute U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does4-not constitute endorsement
or recommendation for use. V l"> ""
This guidance document is designed to implement national policy concerning this U,GMRj)rogram.
The document does not, however, substitute for the SDWA orJEPA's regulations |rior^is this
document itself a regulation. Thus, it cannot impose legally-binding requirements on>EPA, States,
or the regulated community, and may not apply to a particular situation based upon the
circumstances. EPA and State decisions makers retain the discretion;tp adopt approaches on a case-
by-case basis that differs from this guidance where appropriate. EB^.:rhay change this guidance in
the future. ' " ,
ui
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IV
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Acknowledgments
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. V
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.'ft t x *'
VI
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Table of Contents
Foreword i
.'-"*£>
Disclaimers vl; iii
Acknowledgments ; v
Section 1. Introduction 1
What is the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation? 1
What is the general goal of the revised UCMR Program? .'...... 1
How does this monitoring differ from the existing unregulated
contaminant monitoring? 1
Section 2. Guidance and General Responsibilities for Public Water Systems Serving
10,000 or Fewer People 3
What is the purpose of this guidance? 3
Who needs to follow this guidance? 4
What are the responsibilities of a system selected to participate in the
national representative sample? 4
When will sampling at the selected systems begin? 4
Who will pay for the monitoring? 4
Which contaminants must I sample for if my system is selected to
conduct the revised UCMR monitoring? 4
What laboratories can do the UCMR analyses? 5
Do I continue monitoring for the existing list of unregulated contaminants? .... 5
What does it mean to be selected as an Index System? 5
Sampling Instructions 5
How will I obtain the required sampling containers and equipment? 5
How do I conduct the sampling? 6
Where do I collect the required UCMR samples? 6
What quality control requirements must I follow during sample collection? .... 7
What documentation is required by me at the time of sampling? 7
How do I send the samples and sampling forms to the analyzing laboratory? ... 8
When would re-sampling be necessary? 8
Timing Issues 8
How often will I need to collect samples? 8
How much flexibility do I have regarding the timing of sample collection? .... 9
How soon must I return the collected samples to the laboratories? 9
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Table of Contents
(Continued)
Specific Data Reporting Instructions 9
What data do I need to report? 9
What will happen after I send the samples to the laboratory? :...... 12
Will I need to notify the public of contaminant occurrence results? ..".'. ::..... 12
Who can I contact with further questions? 12
Section 3. Sampling Procedures 15
3.1 Sample Collection Procedures for Samples Analyzed with
EPA Method 524.2 or equivalent methods (SM6210D; D5790.95) 15
3.2
Sample Collection Procedures for Samples Analyzed with
EPA Method 525.2
3.3 Sample Collection Procedures for Samples Analyzed with
EPA Method 508 or EPA Method 508.1 or equivalent
methods (D5812.96; 990.06)
3.4 Sample Collection Procedures for Samples Analyzed with
EPA Method 507, EPA Method 515.1, EPA Method 515.2, or
~ equivalent methods (D5475-73; 991.07; and D5317.93; 992.32)
*\3»K 1*
.,, - j; -f ..
* "-t3,»5iftSample Collection Procedures for Samples Analyzed for
I'er.omonas hydrophila
16
17
18
19
Tab
Tables
Contaminants in the UCMR (1999) Program 2
List 1 (1999) Contaminants of the UCMR Program 3
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation Reporting Requirements ... 10
Appendices
Appendix A. Acronyms
Appendix B. Definitions
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Section 1. Introduction
What is the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation?
The Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR) is required by the 1996
Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The UCMR significantly revises the
existing unregulated contaminant monitoring program that began in 1989. In addition, the 1996
Amendments to SDWA established the National Contaminant Occurrence Database (NCOD), which
will be used to store and analyze data collected under the rule. For detailed UCMR Program
information, the reader may refer to the UCMR Preamble and Rule (CITE).
What is the general goal of the revised UCMR Program?
As required by the 1996 SDWA Amendments, the revised UCMR requires monitoring of
public water systems (PWSs) to determine, on a national basis, the location, concentration and
related information regarding the occurrence of a list of unregulated contaminants in public drinking
water. The results provided by the UCMR Program will be used by the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) to determine which unregulated contaminants pose the greatest risks to human health
and, if necessary, to set priorities for the regulation of those contaminants. Conversely, contaminants
that are not detected at significant levels in drinking water supplies may be removed from
consideration for regulation. The revised monitoring program is one of the cornerstones of the sound
science approach to future drinking water regulation that is an aim of the 1996 SDWA Amendments.
How does this monitoring differ from the existing unregulated contaminant monitoring?
The existing unregulated contaminant monitoring program requires PWSs to monitor every
five years for specified unregulated contaminants and to report the monitoring results to the States
or EPA. The existing monitoring program contains 48 chemical contaminants and no
microbiological contaminants. Systems with less than 150 service connections are waived from
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monitoring, provided they make their facilities available for the States to monitor. Repeat
iHtJ
monitoring is required-every five years.
For the revised*tUCMR; Program, all PWSs serving greater than 10,000 people will be
*" *1at &, *^^& "^t
required to monitor, but onlyllwi'atlonally representative sample of systems serving 10,000 or fewer
peoplFwill be required to monitor. Therefore, fewer systems will monitor under the revised UCMR
Projgram than under thejexisting program. The quality of the monitoring data collected are very
important for the success of the revised program; therefore, no system selected to participate in the
national representative sample will be eligible for a waiver. EPA will place all data collected in the
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IfCOLXto enab.le.inbre easy use, analysis, and public access of the monitoring data.
t .i^The revised UCMR Program also incorporates a new list of contaminants (shown in Table
1) an'cfis comprised of three monitoring components: Assessment Monitoring (which will monitor
for the List 1 contaminants), Screening Survey (which will monitor for the List 2 contaminants), and
Pre-Screen Testing (which will monitor for the List 3 contaminants). Many of the these
contaminants are new and emerging. Although there are 32 contaminants on these three lists, no
more than 30 contaminants will be monitored at any one time.
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Table 1. Contaminants in the UCMR (1999) Program
List
Contaminant Name
Chemical Contaminants : 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT),
dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA) di-acid degradate, dimethyl
tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA) mono-acid degradate, dichloro chlorophenyl ethylene
(DDE), s-ethyl-dipropylthio-carbamate (EPTC), Molinate, methyl-tert-butyl-ether
(MTBE), Nitrobenzene, Terbacil 7
Microbiological Contaminant: Aeromonas hydrophila
Chemical Contaminants : 1,2-diphenylhydrazine, 2-methyl-phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol,
2,4-dinitrophenoi, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, Acetochlor, AlachlorESA, Diazinon,
Disulfoton, Diuron, Fonofos, Linuron, Prometon, Terbufos
Microbiological Contaminants : Adenoviruses, Gyanobacteria (fresh water algae & their
toxins), Caliciviruses, Coxsackieviruses, Echoviruses, Helicobacter pylori,
Microsporidia
Contaminants on List 1 (1999) will be monitored under.the Assessment Monitoring component of the revised UCMR
Program, contaminants on List 2 (1999) will be monitored under;the Screening Survey component of the revised UCMR
Program, and List 3 (1999) contaminants will be monitored under the Pre-Screen Testing component of the revised
UCMR Program. t
*'
In a separatejbut related action, existing unregulated contaminant monitoring requirements
have been canceledtfor systems serving 10,000 or fewer persons beginning in March 1999. EPA
published a Direct Final-Rule irtthe January 8,1999 Federal Register (64 FR 1493), separate from
the UCMR revisions, that^anceMhe third round of unregulated contaminant monitoring for small
systems under the existir^tfiriregulated contaminant monitoring program. This third round of
monitoring was canceledfto save the cost of the final round of monitoring that would otherwise
"Mftwr*111 $&''$
overlap with monitoring1 that is planned under the revised UCMR Program.
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Section 2. Guidance and General Responsibilities for Public Water Systems
Serving 10,000 or Fewer People
What is the purpose of this guidance?
This guidance identifies the sampling and reporting responsibilities of small PWSs (those
serving 10,000 or fewer people) selected to participate in the Assessment Monitoring component of
the revised UCMR Program. Only Assessment Monitoring islcurrently'required under the revised
UCMR Program. Table 2 shows the List 1 (1999) contaminants, along with their potential
environmental sources, that are currently required for monitoring under-the Assessment Monitoring
component of the UCMR Program. The List 1 (1999) contaminants include ten chemical and one
microbiological contaminants for which suitable analytical methods are currently available. The
reader may refer to the UCMR Preamble and Rule (CITE) for more information.
Table 2. List 1 (1999) Contaminants of the UCMR Program *.,,<.-
Chemical Contaminants
Contaminant Name
2,4-DNT
2,6-DNT
DCPA di-acid degradate
DCPA mono-acid
degradate
DDE
EPTC , .
..: ' '4
Molinate i -|
MTBE - *
Nitrobenzene
Terbacil
Environmental Source
Used in the production of isocyanate, dyes, and explosives
Used as mixture with 2,4-DNT (similar uses)
Degradation product of DCPAj'an herbicide used on grasses and weeds
with fruit and vegetable crops
" Degradation product of DCPA; an herbicide used on grasses and weeds
' with fruit and vegetable crops
Degradation product of DDT; a general insecticide
Herbicide used on grasses and weeds, with potatoes and corn
|SeIective herbicide used with rice; controls watergrass
; .Octane booster in unleaded gasoline
Used in the production of aniline, which is used to make dyes, herbicides,
and drugs
Herbicide used with sugarcane, alfalfa, fruit, etc.
Microbiological Contaminant
Aeromonas hydrophila
Present in all freshwater and brackish water
Refer to Table 1 for definitions of chemical abbreviations.
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Who needs to follow this guidance?
This guidance applies only to small PWSs that are selected as part of the national
representative sample under the Assessment Monitoring component of the revised UCMR Program.
Only selected community water systems and non-transient non-community water sv|tems that are
notified by their States and/or EPA will be included in this representative gjgup andjwll be required
to participate in this Assessment Monitoring sampling. Transient non-commurn'ty%ater systems will
not be included in this monitoring, unless required to do soj%*their^|^^fe\pj)roximately 800
systems will be randomly selected out of the roughly 65,000'systems of|msfsi2
What are the responsibilities of a system selected to participate in the national|]^res1ppfative
sample? -*<"' "
If your system is selected to participate in the national representative sample, you must
collect samples at the times and locations specified by the revised UCMR. These sampling
specifications are outlined in this guidance and in further documentation to be provided to you by
the States and/or EPA at the time you are notified of your selection.rS;Ypu«rnust send these samples
to a laboratory designated by EPA to be analyzed for the contaminants*of interest. You must also
report the data collected to the State (or to EPA if the State does not have primacy) and include the
data in your system's required public notification to its consumers, such as its annual Consumer
Confidence Report.
When will sampling at the selected systems begin?
Systems selected for inclusion in the national representative sample will be notified by the
State or EPA no later than October 2000. Sample collection will begin in 2001. Each system
selected will monitor for one year during the three year Assessment Monitoring period which begins
in 2001. The year in which you must monitor, if your system is selected, will be included in the
notification from the State or EPA.
Who will pay for the monitoring?
EPA will pay for the costs associated with obtaining the necessary sampling bottles and
containers, transporting the samples, and analyzing the samples at EPA-designated laboratories.
EPA will not reimburse systems for labor hours used to collect these samples.
Which contaminants must I sample for if my system is selected to conduct the revised UCMR
monitoring?
You must collect samples for the 11 List 1 (1999) contaminants that are listed in Table 2
under the Assessment Monitoring component of the revised UCMR Program. List 2 and List 3
contaminants (see Table 1) will be monitored under the Screening Survey and Pre-Screen Testing
components of the revised UCMR program, respectively. However, monitoring is not, at this time,
required for the List 2 and 3 contaminants since suitable analytical methods are not available for
these compounds. Refer to the UCMR Preamble and Rule (GIJTEJ for more information.
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What laboratories can do the UCMR analyses?
For systems serving 10,000 or fewer people, only laboratories that are designated by EPA
may analyze the UCMR samples.
fris.
Do I continue monitoring for the existing list of unregulated contaminants?^
No. As of January 8, 1999, EPA has canceled monitoring forjthe existing list of 48
unregulated contaminants for PWSs serving 10,000 or fewer people. *^F-"« *'- -
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What does it mean to be selected as an Index System? " - >
An Index system is a small PWS (serving 10,000 or fewer people) that willmonitor over an
. ; * $ * **& *w
extended period of time to establish general information on small PWS operating conditions. This
information, such as water source, pumping rates, and analytical results, will then be related to other
systems of similar size and characteristics, and will enable EPA to develop standards more suitable
for small systems. Monitoring data collected from Index systems will also provide insight into the
temporal variability of contaminant occurrence. Approximately 20-30 small systems will be chosen
as Index systems. EPA will pay for the full cost of sample collection and analysis for the chosen
Index systems. Systems selected as Index systems will receive further guidance from EPA at the
time of notification.
Sampling Instructions "$
How will I obtain the required sampling containers and equipment?
A laboratory hired by EPA to analyze UCMR samples will send a sample collection kit to
each system selected to participate in the national representative sample. The laboratory will ship
the sample collection kits to the system shortly before the specified sampling time. The sample
collection kit will include:
1) an insulated sample shipping container or containers;
2) all required sampling bottles;
3) cold packs to cool samples in transit back to the laboratory;
4) a test kit to determine levels of residual chlorine;
5) a thermometer;
6) any chemicals needed to dechlorinate and/or preserve samples;
7) a pre-paid return shipping docket;
8) sample collection data forms; and
9) any additional instructions or materials from the laboratory that will be required for
sample collection, dechlorination, and preservation.
The laboratory will provide a telephone number for you to call should any of the
sample collection kit components arrive damaged or if any other problems or questions arise during
sample collection. It is important to note that you will need to freeze the cold packs (that come in
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the sampling kits) prior to sample collection. The cold packs must be frozen prior to placement in
the shipping containers when returning the collected samples to the laboratories.
How do I conduct the sampling?
In general, the methods used for sample collection and preservation will be very similar to
the methods used for compliance sampling. Although the laboratories will provide specific sample
collection instructions, the general sample collection procedurestfor each grpuppf contaminants are
found in Section 3 of this document. The list of analytical methods and contaminants are briefly
listed below: -?* 7'
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1. Sample Collection Procedures for EPA Method 524.2 or equivalent methods
(SM6210D; D5790.95)
May be used for two volatile organic compounds (VOCs): MTBE and nitrobenzene.
See Section 3.1.
2. Sample Collection Procedures for EPA Method 525.2
May be used for six semi-volatile and other organic compounds: 4,4'-DDE, EPTC, Molinate,
Terbacil, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 2,6-dinitrotoluene.
See Section 3.2.
3. Sample Collection Procedures for EPA Methods 508 and 508.1 or equivalent methods
(D5812.96; 990.06)
May be used for one organic compound: 4,4'-DDE.
See Section 3.3.
4. Sample Collection Procedures for EPA Methods 507, 515.1, and 515.2 or equivalent
methods (D5475-73; 991.07; and D5317.93; 992.32)
May be used for five compounds (primarily pesticides): EPTC, Molinate, Terbacil, DCPA
mono-acid degradate, and DCPA di-acid degradate.
See Section 3.4.
5. Sample Collection Procedures forAeromonas hydrophila
May be used for Aeromonas hydrophila
See Section 3.5
Where do I collect the required UCMR samples?
You must collect UCMR samples at the locations specified in this guidance. Sampling
locations are contaminant specific, and the State or EPA will include detailed sample location
instructions in their notification to the system. Laboratories will also include these sampling
instructions in each sample collection kit sent to you. There are two general categories of sampling
locations:
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(1) At all entry points to the distribution system. These are points after treatment where the
treated water enters the distribution system for delivery to consumers. These points are
where the system must monitor for most chemicals. This sample location strategy follows
the existing regulatory approach, so you will collect most UCMR monitoring samples at the
entry points used for existing compliance sampling. ^ >
(2) At points/service connections within the distribution system. Sampling from within the
distribution system is particularly important for microbiological contaminants. F6r
Aeromonas hydrophila sampling, two sampling locations are specified: the portion ofrthe
distribution system with the longest residence time (where residual chlorine levels'instreated
systems are likely to be low) and a site representative of the distribution system, such as a
site also used for sampling representative total coliforms or disinfection by-products. For
small systems without disinfection, you should collect samples from service connections
near the entry point and from the most distant connection.
What quality control requirements must I follow during sample collection?
There are two general types of quality control requirements that will apply to sample
collection:
(1) Collect all samples using the sampling procedures presented in this guidance. For all
contaminants, it is extremely important that you dechlorinate all samples at the time of
collection. For detailed descriptions of these sampling procedures, please see Section 3 of
this guidance.
(2) Conduct duplicate sampling at 10 percent of all participating systems. Duplicate
sampling helps to ensure that data collected under this program are of sufficient quality.
Because of this requirement, some systems will occasionally receive two sample collection
kits for a single sampling period. If you receive two sample kits for a duplicate sample, you
must collect the samples for each kit simultaneously, and you must return each kit to the
analytical laboratory specified on the pre-paid return shipping docket contained in each kit.
What documentation is required by me at the time of sampling?
You must complete and then submit all sampling forms in the shipping container when you
ship the container and samples back to the designated laboratory. For the first sampling kit you
receive from the laboratory, you will be required to fill out nine "Data Elements" on the sampling
form provided by the laboratory. These Data Elements are discussed in the Specific Data
Reporting Instructions section of this guidance. For all sampling kits received from the laboratory
thereafter, most of the Data Element information will be pre-printed by the laboratory on the
sampling forms, but you must still check and confirm that all information on the sampling forms is
correct. It is particularly important for you to check that all numbers on the sampling forms match
the numbers on the sample bottles. You should also note any problems or unusual circumstances
related to sampling in the area specified on the forms.
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How do I send the samples and sampling forms to the analyzing laboratory?
You must send the UCMR samples, along with the sampling forms, to the laboratory for
analysis immediately following collection and preservation. Place the collected samples (and
completed sampling forms), along with the frozen cold packs, into the insulated shipping container
that is included in the sample collection kit. The frozen cold packs will keep samples chilled at
approximately 4° C during shipment. However, as with all samples, samples collected for
Aeromonas hydrophila analysis must not be allowed to freeze during transport: use only the number
of cold packs provided by the laboratory. Follow the specific sample packing instructions that will
be provided by the laboratory in the sample collection kit.
After the samples are packed, immediately ship the samples and accompanying
documentation to the designated laboratory via overnight delivery. Pre-paid shipping forms for the
overnight delivery will be provided by the laboratory in the sample collection kits. You must
schedule sample container pick-up or drop-off with the designated shipper to ensure that samples
are shipped on the same day of collection. This is very important for ensuring the quality of the
microbiological data, as the processing of the microbiological samples must begin within 30 hours
of sample collection.
When would re-sampling be necessary?
Sample containers may occasionally break during shipment to the laboratory. If breakage
occurs, it will be necessary to re-collect samples. You may also need to re-sample if, at the
determination of the laboratory, samples previously collected and shipped to the laboratory were
improperly collected. Re-sampling will also be necessary if you do not ship the Aeromonas
hydrophila samples to the laboratory the same day they are collected; the laboratory must be given
adequate time to prepare and analyze the Aeromonas hydrophila samples within 30 hours of
collection/*5The laboratory will send to you additional sample collection kits and instructions for
sample re-collection when necessary.
Timinghfss
*&
?*»
ssues
iSSm
Ho^pften will I need to collect samples?
Each system in the national representative sample will collect samples for one year during
ree year Assessment Monitoring period. Systems using surface water, or ground water under
icnce of surface water, must sample four times per year during their one year of Assessment
jjfsamplihg. Ground water systems must sample two times per year during their one year
ih|!PFor all systems, one of the sampling times must fall between May 1 and July 31 (or
an alternative period of greatest vulnerability specified by the State or EPA), and the other sampling
time must be either six months before or after the May 1 - July 31 or other "vulnerable" sampling
period. Approximately one-third of systems will monitor each year of the three year period.
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How much flexibility do I have regarding the timing of sample collection?
The State or EPA will specify the time periods during which the participating systems must
sample. When the sample collection kits arrive, additional instructions for the system will be
included describing when the samples must be collected and returned.
How soon must I return the collected samples to the laboratories?
You must collect, pack, and ship samples in the same day since some of the samples must
be processed at the laboratory within 30 hours of sample collection. Therefore, you must collect
samples early enough in the day to ensure same-day shipment. Furthermore, you must collect and
ship samples early enough in the week (i.e., not on Friday, Saturday, or Sunday) so that samples can
be received and processed by the laboratory within 30 hours of sample collection. Within these
limits, you may collect samples at any time that you deem appropriate. (If convenient, you may plan
to collect standard compliance samples at the same time as samples for the UCMR program.)
Specific Data Reporting Instructions
What data do I need to report?
Although there are 20 Data Elements required for each sampling period, you are responsible
for reporting nine of the Data Elements (while the laboratory will report the remaining 11 elements).
The data are reported to the State and ultimately are transmitted to the EPA. Table 3 lists all the
required Data Elements, and identifies and describes the nine Data Elements for which you are
responsible for reporting. ?In addition, you must report the residual chlorine level you determined
at the sampling site to allow for laboratory interpretation of microbiological data.
At the time you collect £he first samples for the revised UCMR Program, you must fill out
'*** ^""iSfe*1" <*"\
Data Elements ^through 5 and 11, through 14. After this initial sample collection, Data Elements
^f^V^I^! . ' . . .
1 through 4 and,M^thfdugh|14 will appear pre-printed on the sampling forms you receive from the
laboratory,for subsequ^teampling. These Data Elements should be the same for all subsequent
samples-^You must fill quTOi^^rnple collection date (Data Element 5) at the time of each sample
collection. For each sampledround, you are responsible for checking all Data Elements before the
dataM submitted to the Slate"or EPA.
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Table 3. Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation Reporting Requirements - '
Data Element
Number
1
2
3
" "%
4
J$"
»*?
/
iSL' *
9
10
Data Element
Public Water
System (PWS)
Identification
Number
Sampling Station
Type
Water Source
Type
* i,
y ,
SamP1(Q *.
Identification
NumberJ%_,,
Sample ^fer4l
CollectionfDate *
.*?
Contaminant
«!»
"V
Analytical Results
-Sign
Analytical Result
- Value
Analytical Result
- Unit of Measure
Analytical
Method Number
Definition
The code used to identify each PWS. The code begins with the standard
two-character postal State abbreviation; the remaining seven characters
are unique to each PWS.
The sampling station type from which the sample came. The valid choices
are:
(a) Finished water from treatment system
(b) Finished/treated water from Entry Point to the distribution system
after treatment
(c) Finished/treated water from Within the Distribution System
(d) Finished/treated water from End of the Distribution line with longest
residence time
(e) Finished/treated water from household/drinking water tap
(f) Finished/treated water from unknown location
(g) Other finished/treated water
(h) Raw/untreated water
The source type represented by the sample. The valid choices are:
(a) Surface water from a stream or purchased surface water from a
(Stream.
(b) Surface water from a lake or reservoir, or purchased surface water
from a lake or reservoir.
(c) Ground water under the direct influence of surface water or purchased
Ground water under the direct influence of surface water.
(d) Ground water or purchased ground water.
A unique identifier assigned by the PWS for each sample. Note: The
designated laboratory may specify these numbers in advance of sample
collection.
The date the sample is collected.
LAB*
LAB*
LAB*
LAB*
LAB*
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Table 3. Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation Reporting Requirements
11
Public Water
System Facility
Identification
Number - Source
Intake/Well,
Treatment Plant
and Sampling
Station
An identification number established by the State, or, at the State's
discretion, the PWS, and unique to the system for an intake for each
source of water, a treatment plant and a sampling station. .Within each
PWS, each intake, treatment plant and sampling point must receive a
unique identification number, including, for intake, surface water intake,
ground water well or well field'cehtroid, and including, for sampling
station, entry points to the distribution system, wellhead, intake, or
locations within the distribution system. The same identification number
must be used consistently through the history of unregulated contaminant
monitoring to represent the facility.
12
Public Water
System Facility
Type
The facility type represented by the water system facility identification
number:
(a) Intake (for surface water sources)
(b) Well or well field (for ground water sources)
(c) Treatment Plant
(d) Sampling Station
(e) Entry Point to Distribution System
(f) Reservoir
(g) Booster Station , *
(h) Unknown
13
Latitude of the
Public Water
System Facility
for Source
Intake/Well and
Treatment Plant
The east-west coordinate of each source intake, well or well field centroid,
and treatment plant-associated with a sample expressed as decimal degrees
14
Longitude of the
Public Water
System Facility. v
c,^L\ v * ,|*?i
for Source - £
Intake/Well ancf
TreatmentPlant
The north-south coordinate of each source intake, well or well field
centroid, and treatment plant associated with a sample expressed as
decimal degrees
Sample Type
LAB*
f 16
Detection Level
LAB*
^Detection Level
Unit of Measure
LAB*
18
Analytical
Precision
LAB*
19
Analytical
Accuracy
LAB*
20
Presence/Absence
LAB*
LAB indicates that this data element will be recorded by the designated laboratory.
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What will happen after I send the samples to the laboratory? " - ~ ^- -=
..The designated laboratory will process and analyze all samples submitted and will report the
results to you. These results will include all of the Data Elements discussed above, and will be sent
to you both electronically and in paper copy. Once you review and confirm the data^ou will have
ten days to forward the data to the State, which in turn will forward the dataato EPAppThe States will
provide you with additional guidance as to how this data will be ryj|i||f|p^ y°u prefer, the
laboratories providing analyses for small systems can also provide eleqrting directly to
Will I need to notify the public of contaminant occurrence results
Yes. All results on contaminant occurrence for a^PWS undSfthe revise
must be included in the system's public notification, such as the annual Consumer'Confidence
Report required of the system for other monitoring results.
Who can I contact with further questions?
For questions pertaining to this guidance, please contact your drinking dater program contact
as identified by the State or EPA Region. ' ^ '
EPA Headquarters:
Charles Job, Standards and Risk Management Division, Office of Ground Water and
Drinking Water (MC-4607), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW,
Washington D.C. 20460, (202) 260-7084.
Regional Contacts:
I. Anthony De Palma, JFK Federal Bldg., Room 2203, Boston MA 02203.
Phone:(617)565-3610
II. Walter Andrews, 290 Broadway, Room 2432, New York, NY 10007-1866.
Phone:(212)637-3880
III. Jeff Mass, 1650 Arch Street, Philadelphia PA 19103-2029.
Phone: (215) 814-5775
IV. Janine Morris, "345 Courtland Street, NE, Atlanta, GA 30365.
Phone: (404) 562-9480
V. Kim Harris, 77 West Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604-3507.
Phone:(312)886-4239
VI. Larry Wright, 1445 Ross Avenue, Dallas, TX 75202.
Phone:(214)665-7150
VII. Stan Calow, 726 Minnesota Ave., Kansas City, KS 66101.
Phone:(913)551-7410
VIII. Rod Glebe, One Denver Place, 999 18th Street, Suite 500, Denver, CO 80202.
Phone:(303)312-6627
IX. Bruce Macler, 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA 94105.
Phone:(415)744-1884
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X. Larry Worley, 1200 Sixth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101.
Phone:(206)553-1893
General information may also be obtained from the EPA Safe DririkingJMater Hotline.
Callers within the United States may reach the Hotline at (800) 426-47SJL ThelHMine is open
Monday through Friday, excluding federal holidays, from 9:00 a.m. to 5:30jfp.mrEastern Standard
T- "i "
Time. "V. -
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Section 3. Sampling Procedures
3.1 Sample Collection Procedures for Samples Analyzed with EPA Method 524.2 or
equivalent methods (SM6210D; D5790.95)
Two volatile organic compounds (VOCs) monitored under the revised UCMR Program,
methyl-tertiary-butyl-ether (MTBE) and nitrobenzene, may be analyzed with EPA Method 524.2.
Samples for this method are collected in 40 milliliter to 120 milliliter screwicap bottles equipped
with Teflon faced silicon septa. It is important to keep the sample bottles in an area known to be free
of VOCs prior to sample collection. Use the following procedures for determining residual chlorine
levels, collecting the samples, dechlorinating and preserving the samples, and finauVpreparing the
samples for shipment:
Step 1. Test and record residual chlorine levels. If water to be sampled is known or
suspected to contain residual chlorine, you must determine the level of residual chlorine.
Use the chlorine test-kits and instructions supplied by the designated laboratory to test the
water source from which the UCMR samples will be collected. Be sure to record the residual
chlorine level on the sampling form after conducting the chlorine test.
Step 2. Collect the sample. Prior to filling the sample bottle, open the water tap and allow
the system to flush until the water temperature has stabilized, usually about two minutes.
Decrease the flow to a steady but small stream. Do not pre-rinse the sample bottle before
sample collection. Do not use or sample from any hoses or tubing, or use other sampling
equipment that contains rubber, gaskets, or other similar materials: these materials may
contain chemicals that could leach back into the sample.
Fill the sample bottle from the small flowing stream directly from a metal tap or faucet. Fill
the sample bottle until it almost overflows while ensuring that the dechlorination chemicals
are not flushed out. The laboratory will provide sample bottles already containing
dechlorination compounds (either ascorbic acid or sodium thiosulfate). The samples
collected for UCMR analyses will therefore be dechlorinated simply by filling the sample
bottles provided by the laboratory (since the bottles already contain the dechlorination
compounds).
No air bubbles should pass through the sample while filling the bottle. No bubbles should
be trapped in the sample when the bottle is sealed. After the sample bottle has been filled,
close the bottle and invert three or four times, and then wait one minute before preserving
the sample with acid.
Step 3. Preserve the sample with acid. The sample is next preserved with hydrochloric
acid to reduce sample pH to retard microbiological degradation of the contaminants being
analyzed. To preserve the sample, open the sample bottle (after waiting one minute after
Step 2) and carefully add the contents of a pre-measured vial containing 1:1 hydrochloric
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DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
acid to the sample. The pre-measured vial is part of the sample collection kit supplied by the
designated laboratory. A pH <2 is required for laboratory analysis.
Step 4. Seal the sample bottle and prepare it for shipping. Close the sample bottle,
Teflon face down, and invert three or four times. Again, it is very important in VOC
sampling that no air bubbles are trapped in the sample when the bottle is sealed. To cool the
sample to 4°C, immediately place the sample bottle and the frozen cold packs into the
provided insulated shipping container for return shipment to the designated laboratory. Store
the samples and container away from light and excess heat, and record all relevant
information on the sampling form provided.
3.2 Sample Collection Procedures for Samples Analyzed with EPA Method 525.2
Six organic compounds monitored under the revised UCMR program may be analyzed with
EPA Method 525.2. These compounds included 4,4'-DDE, EPTC, Molinate, Terbacil, 2,4-
dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene. Samples for this method are collected in a 1 liter or 1 quart
amber glass bottle fitted with a Teflon-lined screw cap. It is important to keep the sample bottle in
an area known to be free of organic chemicals prior to sample collection. Use the following
procedures for testing residual chlorine, collecting the samples, then dechlorinating and preserving
the samples, and finally preparing the samples for shipment:
Step 1. Determine and record residual chlorine levels. If water to be sampled is known
or suspected to contain residual chlorine, you must test for the level of residual chlorine. Use
the chlorine test-kits and instructions supplied by the designated laboratory to test the water
source from which the UCMR samples will be collected. Be sure to record the residual
chlorine level on the sampling form after conducting the chlorine test.
Step 2. Collect the sample. Prior to filling the sample bottle, open the water tap and allow
the system to flush until the water temperature has stabilized, usually about two minutes.
Decrease the flow to a steady but small stream. Do not pre-rinse the sample bottle before
.jjjpsample collection. Do not use or sample from any hoses or tubing, or use other sampling
equipment that contains rubber, gaskets, or other similar materials; these materials may
contain chemicals that could leach back into the sample.
ill the sample bottle from the small flowing stream directly from a metal tap or faucet. Fill
|he sample bottle until it almost overflows while ensuring that the dechlorination chemicals
Iptfe not flushed out. The laboratory will provide sample bottles already containing
dechlorination compounds (either ascorbic acid or sodium thiosulfate). The samples
collected for UCMR analyses will therefore be dechlorinated simply by filling the sample
bottles provided by the laboratory (since the bottles already contain the dechlorination
compounds). After the sample bottle has been filled, close the bottle, invert three or four
times and then wait one minute before preserving the sample with acid.
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Step 3. Preserve the sample. The sample is next preserved with hydrochloric acid to
reduce sample pH in order to retard microbiological degradation of the contaminants being
analyzed. To preserve the sample, open the sample bottle (after waiting 1 minute after Step
2) and carefully add the contents of a pre-measured vial containing 1:1 hydrochloric acid to
the sample. The pre-measured vial is part of the sample collection kit supplied by the
designated laboratory. A pH <2 is required for laboratory analysis.
Step 4. Seal the sample bottle and prepare it for shipping. Close the sample bottle and
invert three or four times. To cool the sample to 4°C, immediately place the sample and the
frozen cold packs into the provided insulated shipping container for return shipment to the
designated laboratory. Store samples and container away from light and excess heat, and
record all relevant information on the sampling form provided.
3.3 Sample Collection Procedures for Samples Analyzed with EPA Method 508 or EPA
Method 508.1 or equivalent methods (D5812.96; 990.06)
One compound monitored under the revised UCMR Program, 4,4'-DDE, may be analyzed
using EPA Methods 508 or 508.1. Samples for these methods are collected in either a 1 liter special
glass bottle fitted with a Teflon-lined screw cap or a one quart amber glass bottle fitted with a
Teflon-lined screw cap. It is important to keep the sample bottle in an area known to be free of
organic chemicals prior to sample collection. Use the following procedures for determining residual
chlorine level, collecting the sample, dechlorinating and preserving the sample, and preparing the
sample for shipment:
»* *
«H" **
Step'A.'-Determine'and record residual chlorine levels. If water to be sampled is known
or suspectedUo contain residual chlorine levels, you must test for the level of residual
chlorine. Wse^the chlorine test-kits and instructions supplied by the designated laboratory
to test Ae^vpel^ource from which the UCMR samples will be collected. Be sure to record
the resiHuafcnlorirBflevel on the sampling form after conducting the chlorine test.
r tep 2. Collect thl^lffiple. Prior to filling the sample bottle, open the water tap and allow
the system to flush until the water temperature has stabilized, usually about two minutes.
Decrease the flow'to a steady but small stream. Do not pre-rinse the sample bottle before
sample collection. Do not use or sample from any hoses or tubing, or use other sampling
contains rubber, gaskets, or other similar materials; these materials may
that could leach back into the sample.
Fill the sample bottle from the small flowing stream directly from a metal tap or faucet. Fill
the sample bottle until it almost overflows while ensuring that the dechlorination chemicals
are not flushed out. The laboratory will provide sample bottles already containing
dechlorination compounds (either ascorbic acid or sodium thiosulfate). The samples
collected for UCMR analyses will therefore be dechlorinated simply by filling the sample
bottles provided by the laboratory (since the bottles already contain the dechlorination
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compounds). After the sample bottle has been filled, close the bottle, invert three or four
times, and then wait one minute before preserving the sample with acid.
Step 3. Preserve the sample. Sample preservation with hydrochloric acid is only required
for Method 508.1 to reduce sample pH to retard microbiological degradation of the
contaminants being analyzed. To preserve the sample, open the sample bottle (after waiting
one minute after Step 2) and carefully add the contents of a pre-measured vial containing 1:1
hydrochloric acid to the sample. The pre-measured vial is part of the sample collection kit
supplied by the designated laboratory. A pH <2 is required for laboratory analysis.
Step 4. Seal the sample bottle and prepare it for shipping. Close the sample bottle and
invert three or four times. To cool the sample to 4°C, immediately place the sample and the
frozen cold packs into the provided insulated shipping container for return shipment to the
designated laboratory. Store samples and container away from light and excess heat and
record all relevant information on the sampling form provided.
3.4 Sample Collection Procedures for Samples Analyzed with EPA Method 507, EPA
Method 515.1, EPA Method 515.2, or equivalent methods (D5475-73; 991.07; and
D5317.93; 992.32)
Five contaminants monitored under the revised UCMR program may be analyzed with either
EPA Method 507, EPA Method 5154, or EPA Method 515.2. These contaminants include EPTC,
Molinate, Terbacil, DCPA mono-acid degradate, and DCPA di-acid degradate. Samples for this
method will-be collected in a one liter or one quart special glass bottle fitted with a Teflon-lined
screw cap. -Itisamportant to keep the sample bottle in an area known to be free of organic chemicals
prior to sample collection. Use.the following procedures for testing residual chlorine, collecting the
sample, dechlorinating the sample, and preparing the sample for shipment:
\
-^ **T* .. -^
Step lv"Determine|ind record residual chlorine levels. If water to be sampled is known
tf" "" '-*!&*<>- r
pfsuspected to containlresidual chlorine, you must test for the level of residual chlorine. Use
e chlorine test-kife^fd instructions supplied by the designated laboratory to test the water
source from which the UCMR samples will be collected. Be sure to record the residual
chlorine level on the sampling form after conducting the chlorine test.
|ep 2. jCollect the sample. Prior to filling the sample bottle, open the water tap and allow
lejsystem to flush until the water temperature has stabilized, usually about two minutes.
'ecriase the flow to a steady but small stream. Do not pre-rinse the sample bottle before
sample collection. Do not use or sample from any hoses or tubing, or use other sampling
equipment that contains rubber, gaskets, or other similar materials; these materials may
contain chemicals that could leach back into the sample.
Fill the sample bottle from the small flowing stream directly from a metal tap or faucet. Fill
the sample bottle until it almost overflows while ensuring that the dechlorination chemicals
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are not flushed out. The laboratory will provide sample bottles already containing
dechlorination compounds (either ascorbic acid or sodium thiosulfate). The samples
collected for UCMR analyses will therefore be dechlorinated simply by filling the sample
bottles provided by the laboratory (since the bottles already contain the dechlorination
compounds). After the sample bottle has been filled, close the bottle and invert three or four
»t »""
times. 4^ _.
4 Ji* i * f
Wttv.. jf|s""4*' MBit-vSr * a
-fy% ^"ff?S~" \
Step 3. Seal the sample bottle and prepare it forishipping. Closelffieisample bottle and
invert three or four times. To cool the sample to 4?
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DRAFT-DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Containers must not be completely filled so there is sufficient space at the top of the sealed
sample bottle to shake and mix the sample. However, a minimum sample volume of 100
milliliters is required for analysis.
Step 3. Seal the sample bottle and prepare it for shipping. Close rnej&nple bottle and
mix the sample by inverting the bottle three or four times. Txjl|e|rt Jre sample to 4°C,
immediately place the sample and the frozen cold packspn the'p^^^^tosulated shipping
S&containerav
f if**'' " -IT
from light and excess heat, and record all relevant information, ihcl
sampling, on the form provided.
£-
" HI : > .0
. «'«'?
20
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2,4-DNT
2,6-DNT
4,4'-DDE
Alachlor ESA
AOAC
APHA
ASDWA
ASTM
BGM
CAS
CASRN
CCL
CCR
CERCLA
CFR
CPU
CFU/mL *
CWS ' ' ;;"
IBN*.
DCPA
DCPA di- and
JUT
mono-acid
degracFates
DDE"7'*
DDT
EPTC
EPTDS
ESA
FACA
FTE
DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Appendix A
Acronym List
2,4-dinitrotoluene
2,6-dinitrotoluene
fly
- 4,4'-dichloro dichlorophenyl ethylene, adegradatiori-'prl
- alachlor ethanesulfonic acid, a degradation produxJbf alac
- Association of Official Analytical Chemists j&
- American Public Health Association 'r ;/"*,;
kM^sT *
- Association of State Drinking Water Administrators
- American Society for Testing and Materials ,
?.-_ < .'I* >
- Buffalo Green Monkey cells, a specific cell line used tofgfow viruses
- -vV^ - «, tffk.
> ' ,*
- Chemical Abstract Service , ^. ,
- Chemical Abstract Service Registry Numbed
- Contaminant Candidate List
- Consumer Confidence Reports
fa"*^ r j$f ^ >;
- Comprehensive^Ehvironmehfal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
- Code of FederaBRegulatioris'4 -df"
,ji(K .A-J. ^ ,-^frM-!jiij»«; "<*y>
- colony forming unit **
- colony forming units per milliliter
-community'water system
< K. fif -*?'\>- ! ,
-dimethyl tetrachlbrpterephthalate, chemical name of the herbicide dacthal
O vaKjffijife.gjjjg-
- degradatioraproducts of DCPA
- dichlorO dichlorophenyl ethylene, a degradation product of DDT
- dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane, a general insecticide
-.estimated detection limit
"-"Environmental Protection Agency
- s-ethyl-dipropylthiocarbamate, an herbicide
- Entry Point to the Distribution System
- ethanesulfonic acid, a degradation product of alachlor
- Federal Advisory Committee Act
- full-time-equivalent
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GC - gas chromatography, a laboratory method
GLI method - Great Lakes Instruments method
GW - ground water
GWUIS W - ground water under the influence of surface water
HLPC - high performance liquid chromatography, a laborato
ICR - Information Collection Request / Rule .*//**
IRFA - initial regulatory flexibility analysis i,~:
IMS - immunomagnetic separation y
IRIS - Integrated Risk Information System ' ' **-
IS - internal standard
LLE - liquid/liquid extraction, a laboratory method
MAC - mycobacterium avium complex
MCL - maximum contaminant level
MDL - method detection limit
MRL - minimum reporting level
MS - mass spectrometry, a laboratory method
MS - sample matrix spike " f
MSD - matrix spike duplicate " ^
MTBE - methyl-tert-butyl-ether, a gasoline additive
NAWQA - National Water Quality Assessment Program
NCOD , K. 'i - National Drinking Water Contaminant Occurrence Data Base
NDWAC - National Drinking Water Advisory Council
NERL x- - National Environmental Research Laboratory
NPS ,,; - - National,Pesticide Survey
NTIS x?" - NationaUTechnical Information Service
NTNGWS - non-transient non-community water system
NTTAA - National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
OGWDW - Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
n, ' I % s> , " W
OMB'K- , -Office of Management and Budget
PAH - Poly-aromatic hydrocarbon
PBMS - Performance-Based Measurement System
pCi/L - picocuries per liter
PCR - polymerase chain reaction
Pb-210 - Lead-210, a naturally occurring, alpha-emitting radionuclide
Po-210 - Polonium-210, a naturally occurring, alpha-emitting radionuclide
A-2
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PWS
PWSF
QA
QC
RDX
RFA
RPD
RSD
SBREFA
SD
SDWA
SDWIS
SDWIS FED
SM
SMF
soc
SPE
SRF
STORET
sw
TBD
TNCWS -
UCMR
Mg/L
UMRA/
USEPA
UV
DRAFT- DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE
Public Water System
Public Water System Facility
quality assurance
quality control
hexahydro-l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine ^
Regulatory Flexibility Act *"'
relative percent difference
relative standard deviation ***
- Small Business Regulatory Enforcement F,airness Act
- standard deviation
- Safe Drinking Water Act
- Safe Drinking Water Information System -^ & ',
- the Federal Safe Drinking Water Information System -**
- Standard Methods " ^
- Standard Compliance Monitoring Eramewprk £$$1
- synthetic organic compound $' jS-'V"
- solid phase extraction, a laboratory method
- State Revolving F.und ,,,/
- Storage and Retrieval System ,/*
- surface water
- to be determined
;r - transient non-community water system
i 7-Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulations/Rule
- micrbgramsvper liter
- UnfundedMafidates Reform Act of 1995
- United States Environmental Protection Agency
- ultraviolet
- volatile organic compound
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Appendix B
Definitions
All monitored systems means the representative sample ,jDf community" and non-transient
^sP^ ^BWiSSWraSK
non-community water systems serving 10,000 or fewer peorjipuiat arelSISjsfgiTObe part of a State,
Plan of such systems and community water systems servirig'more than TO^OOpSbple.
**,' **. ' "?*.-- *
Assessment Monitoring means sampling, testing, and repjbrting .of listed contalninahts "that'have
available analytical methods and for which preliminary data indicate their possible occurrence in
drinking water; all monitored systems must conduct assessmentmonitoring. Assessment Monitoring
will be conducted for the List 1 (1999) Contaminants.
Index systems means a limited number of public water systems that are randomly selected from
systems in State Plans, were selected through the process of operating a random number generator
for public water system identification numbers, and must monitor and report quarterly over the
five-year unregulated contaminant monitoring and listing cycle fo'establish conditions under which
they operate that can be related to other systems of similar size and characteristics, such as water
source, pumping rates and environmental setting.
Listed contaminant means a contaminant identified as* an analyte in Table 1, 141.40(b)(5), the
UnregulatedjContaminant Monitoring Regulation.15 To distinguish the current (i.e., the 1999) UCMR
listed contaminants from potential future UCMR listed contaminants, all references to UCMR
contaminant lists will identify the appropriate year in parenthesis immediately following the
referenced list ,F,or,example, the contaminants included in the UCMR (1999) List include the
component listsldentified as List 1 (1999)^ List 2 (1999) and List 3 (1999) contaminants.
, it
Listing cyoemeans the five-year period for which each revised unregulated contaminant monitoring
regulation list is effective arid'during which no more than 30 unregulated contaminants from the list
mav|be required to be monitored. EPA is mandated to develop and promulgate a new UCMR List
ey,enw five years. ,:
means, for the purposes of this section and distinct from Assessment Monitoring, all
|determining the quality of drinking water relative to the listed contaminants, including the
sampling;^testing; review and reporting of analytical results; and submission of the analytical results
to the"ljCMR database.
Most vulnerable systems for Systems most vulnerable) means a subset of 5 to not more than 25
systems of all monitored systems in a State that are determined by that State in consultation with the
EPA Regional Office to be most likely to have the listed contaminants occur in their drinking waters,
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considering the characteristics of the listed contaminants, precipitation, system operation, and
environmental conditions (soils, geology and land use).
Pre-Screen Testing means sampling, testing, and reporting of the listed contaminantsjthat may have
newly emerged as drinking water concerns and, in most cases, for which methods'are in an early
stage of development; Pre-Screen Testing on the listed contaminants after ^public notice and
comment must be conducted by a limited number of systems (up to 200) througbMie use of a random
generator selected from up to 25 most vulnerable systems:; ?Pre-Screen Testin^will be performed
to determine whether a listed contaminant occurs in sufficient frequency imthe^mo'st vulnerable
systems or sampling locations to warrant its being included in future Assessrrienfc^toriitoririg or
Screening Surveys. Pre-Screen Testing will be conducted;for the List 3 (1999) Contaminants.
Representative Sample means a subset of community and non-transient non-community water
systems serving 10,000 or fewer people which EPA selects using a random number generator to
obtain public water system identification numbers to place them on the first representative sample
list. The selection is weighted by population served within a State, water source and then by size
categories of 10,000 to 3,301 people, 3,300 to^Ol people, and 500 or fewer people; a State may
substitute systems from a replacement list of such systems derived through the same method for
systems in the first list because a system on the first list is closed, merged or purchases water from
another system.
Sampling means the act of collecting water from the appropriate location in a public water system
(from the applicable point from ah intake or wellitothe end of a distribution line, or in some limited
cases, a residential tap) following proper methods for the particular contaminant or group of
contaminants. *
Sampling Station(s) means a unique location(s) where UCMR samples are to be collected.
< if." '- Sta,
y,r "rife
Screening Survey rneans^mpling, testing, and reporting of the listed contaminants for which
analytical methods are recen&y&ieveloped and have uncertain potential for occurrence in drinking
watejfli subset of approximately 300 systems from all monitored systems selected through use of
a random number generator for public water system identification numbers. These systems must
cqjnouct the Screening ISurvey for the listed contaminants after public notice and comment to
determine whether a listed contaminant occurs at a sufficient frequency and concentration (or
""'*l- <"
g included in future Assessment Monitoring. Screening Surveys will be
2 (1999) Contaminants.
State means, for the purposes of this section, each of the fifty States, the District of Columbia, Guam,
the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, American
Samoa, the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, and any Indian Tribe which has status as a State
under Section 1451 of the Safe Drinking Water Act for this program.
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State Monitoring Plan (or State Plan) means a State's portion of the national representative sample
of community and non-tranisent non-community water systems serving 10,000 or fewer people and
not purchasing their entire water supply from another public water system which must monitor for
unregulated contaminants. A State Plan may be developed by a State's acceptance of EPA's
representative sample for that State, or by a State's selection of systems from a replacement list for
systems specified in the first list that are closed, merged or purchase water from another system. A
State Plan also includes a process by which the State will inform each public-water system of its
selection for the plan and of its responsibilities to monitor. ',..<.
Testing means, for the purposes of this section and distinct from PrejScreen Testing, the submission
and/or shipment of samples following appropriate preservation practices to protect the integrity of
the sample; the chemical, radiological, physical and/or microbiological analysis of samples; and the
reporting of the sample's analytical results for evaluation. Testing is a subset of activities defined
as monitoring.
Unregulated contaminants means chemical, microbiological, radiological and other substances that
occur in drinking water or sources of drinking water thatare not currently regulated under the federal
drinking water program. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has not issued standards for
these substances in drinking water (i.e., maximum contaminant levels or treatment technology
requirements). EPA is required by Congress to establish a program to monitor for selected
unregulated contaminants in public water systems to determine whether they should be considered
for future regulation to protect public health.lFhe selected contaminants are listed in 141.40(b)(5),
Table 1, the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation List.
Vulnerable-time means the quarter of the year that the primary enforcement authority (usually a
State) determines a system, subset of systems, or all systems in a State, to be most likely to have the
listed contaminants, as a group, in the highest concentrations or densities in its drinking water. This
determination does not indicate that the listed contaminants will be in the drinking water with
certainty, but only that, after considering the listed contaminants, precipitation, system operation and
environmental conditions (soils,-*geology, land use), that the quarter has the best probability of
capturing in time those contaminants in higher concentrations relative to other quarters of the year,
if thetcontaminants were to occur.
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