Small Generator Demonstration Project
acoma-Pierce County Health Dept., WA
Prepared for
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA
Feb 85
PB85-242097
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SMALL GENERATOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
TACOMA-PIERCE COUNTY
HEALTH DEPARTMENT
DIRECTOR OF HEALTH
R. M. Nicola. MD, MHSA
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EPA - 910/9-85-124
SMALL GENERATOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Principle Investigator: Russell S. Post, R.S.
Project Administrator: Douglas Pierce, R.S.
Staff: Judith Lorbeir
Project Officer: Martha Burke
Grant Number S811262-01-0
February, 1985
Final Report
Tacotna-Pierce County Health Department
Tacoma, Washington 98408
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
\O
EPA 910/9-85-124
3 RECIPItNT'S ACCESSlOftNO.
P385 2420977/S
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Small Generator Dcronstration Project
S. REPORT DATF
February 1985
6. PfRFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7 AUTHORlS)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME. AND ADDRESS
Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department
Tacoma, WA 98408
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
S811262-01-0
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10
1200 6th Avenue
Seattle, m 98101
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The Small Generator Demonstration Project is an experimental effort to decrease
the amount of hazardous waste being mishandled and improperly disposed by small
businesses in the South Tacoma area of Tacoma, WA. This one year project is centered
around a program of education stressing voluntary compliance to increase recycling and
decrease improper waste disposal.
The project is designed to make the alternative waste handling practices presented
to the business community easy, inexpensive, and permanent by identifying available
disposal resources such as local recyclers.
116 small businesses ranging from the automotive to the wood products industry
were visited and notified of safe methods of handling and disposing of their hazardous
wastes.
This information resulted in 40« of the businesses with waste handling problems
changing to proper waste disposal.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATi Held/Group
Recycling
Haste Disposal
Hazardous H&ste
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Rtport)
21. NO. OF PAGES
38
20. SECURITY CLASS (Tillspage/
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Tacoma-Pierce County
Health Department, EPA, a/id approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial
products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
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NOTICE
This document is a preliminary draft. It has not been
formally released by EPA and should not at this stage
be construed to represent Agency policy. It is being
circulated for comment on its technical accuracy and
policy implications.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project is a culmination of effort from many
entities including the EPA, WDOE, City of Taccrna Sewer
and Refuse Utilities, the Tacora Fire Department, the
Tacona-Pierce County Health Department, and the project
Citizens Advisor/ Committee. Thanks is given to these
and the business people and private citizens who
participated in this project and whose efforts and
dedication made this project a success. Special thanks
is given to the City of Tacoroa Public Works, Water
Division, for their assistance in developing the
educational materials.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Executive Summary 1
Background 3
Methodology 9
Results 20
Conclusions ..... 23
TABLES
I
Results of August, 1984 Survey Data Table I
Results of December, 1984 Survey Data Table II
APPENDICES
Informational Poster Appendix A
Informational Brochure .... Appendix B - E
Initial Survey Form Appendix F
Follow-up Survey Form Appendix G
Introductory Letter Appendix H
Map of South Tacoma with Business Types Appendix I
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SMALL GENERATOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Small Generator Demonstration Project is an experimental effort to
decrease the amount of Kushandled hazardous waste created by srrall
industries. This one year project is centered around a program of education
stressing voluntary conpliance to increase recycling and decrease improper
waste disposal.
This project was conducted in the South Tacctra Channel area of Tacoma,
VIA because this area overlays a shallow unprotected aquifer from which
Tacoma draws 70 million gallons per day. It is hoped that this project will
help maintain the quality of this important water source.
The project is designed to make the alternative waste handling
practices presented to the business connunity easy, inexpensive, and
permanent by identifying available disposal resources such as local
recyclers.
This project was funded as a demonstration grant under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) section 8001, "Research, Development,
Demonstration and Information". It was directed from EPA's Region X Seattle
Headquarters at a cost of $40,000.00 including $5,000.00 in matching funds
from the Tacona-Pierce County Health Department.
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One hundred eighteen businesses were targeted in the channel. Twenty-
six of those were found to be improperly handling and disposing of their
hazardous wastes. Distribution of educational materials to the businesses
was responsible for decreasing the amount of mishandled waste by over 2400
gallons per year and the number of contributing businesses tram 26 to 16.
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B7CKGROUND
The South Tacoraa Channel is a geologic depression located in Tacona,
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Washington. It is approximately five miles long and ranges from one lialf to
one mile in width. This area was created through glacial action during the
Pleistoscene Era (approximately 10,000 years ago) which left a deposit of
glacial outwash two hundred feet deep in the Channel and surrounding area.
The stratigraphy of the area now supports a high yield water aquifor which
supplies one third of the city of Tacoma water supply during periods of peak
demand. This water is delivered through thirteen high volume wells located
in the channel which are capable of producing over sixty million gallons 01
water per day. The wells are located in a material consisting almost
totally of sand and gravel with the average depth to water being forty feet.
Over the past hundred years this area has become industrialized with
numerous small and medium size businesses. The variety of businesses ranges
from food preparation and restaurants to lumber manufacturing and
construction. Many of the businesses are centered around the automotive
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industry including auto repair, retail sales, and service stations. The
Channel also contains many private residences and a public school. A more
complete history of the area can be found in the South Tacoma Industrial
Waste Survey (Pierce/Rogers, TPCHD 1982).
In 1981 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted a priority
pollutant scan (a test for EPA's 129 priority contaminants) of the South
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Taccma water supply. The results of these tests revealed concentrations of
chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents such as 1,1,2,2—tetrachloroethar.<_>,
trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene sufficient enourh to he a concern
to long range public health in seven of the wells.
One of the wells (12-A) had levels of contamination high enough to
warrant immediate removal from* service and implementation of protective
measures. A series of five "stripping towers" was installed to eva-torate
the majority of the volatile solvents before channeling the water into the
city supply.
The source of this contamination was not readily apparent although it
was later fou-id to be a twenty-five year old solvent spill. Seme of the
potential sources considered by governmental agencies were the numerous
small businesses located throughout the channel. In 1982 the Taccroa-Pierce
County Health Department (TPCHD) conducted a survey of approximate]y 150 of
the snail businesses to determine whether they could present a possible
source of contamination. The surveyed businesses were chosen based on their
capacity for generating an unregulated quantity (less than 400 pounds per
month) of a potentially hazardous material. Those businesses that were
regulated as a hazardous waste generator (producing greater tha:i 400 pounds
per month) or were not considered to produce a dangerous waste (banks,
restaurants, etc.), were not included in the survey.
The survey consisted of visiting each business and interviewing the
owner, manager, or an employee. The interviewer asked questions to
determine the processes used in the business, the materials used in the
processes, the types and quantitites of wastes generated by the processes,
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and what form of waste disposal was used. Fran this survey it was
determined that potentially dangerous materials were entering the
environment via the storm and sanitary sewer systems, by duzrosters to the
city landfill, and by direct dumping onto the very porous material of the
South Tacoma Channel. All information was gained under an assurance of
strict confidentiality by the interviewer.
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Ihese results have led to a collaborative effort by the EPA and the
TPCHD to introduce a project into the Channel directed toward reducing the
amount of potentially dangerous material entering the environment through a
program of education and voluntary compliance. This one year project, which
began in December, 1983, is known as the Small Generator Demonstration
Project. It used the previously inventoried businesses as a test
population.
The following regulations are the basis on which the methodology for
the project was developed:
-Current Regulations
Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-303 is the Washington State
dangerous waste regulation which is a more strict adaptation of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The quantity exclusion limit set by
WAC 173-303 is 400 pounds. Any hazardous waste generator who produces less
than 400 pounds of dangerous waste per month or per batch is excluded fron
regulation by this code except for section 173-303.050 which states that the
Director of the Washington State Departerant of Ecology (DOE) or his designee
may take any action within his power to avert an imminent danger to human
health or the environment by a dangerous waste, regardless of the amount.
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None of the businesses surveyed produced more than 400 pounds of a
designated dangerous waste per month. Other state regulations include:
WAC 173-303.145—"It is illegal for anyone to discharge a
hazardous waste in a manner which may allow it to endanger human
health or -;he environment," and
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RCW 90.48 — "It is illegal for any person to pollute the waters
of the state."
Local regulations prohibit disposal of hazardous materials into the
sewer system or city landfill in any amount which may allow for a toxic
condition to exist. Up to 400 pounds of hazardous waste per generator per
month may be disposed of legally in a local landfill. Practices at the City
of Ifecona landfill, however, forbid the disposal of any known amount of
hazardous material,
Sewer Utility Ordinances include:
1) 12.08.020 - No person may discharge into the sewer any material
which may cause a fire or explosion or which may damage the
Municipal Sewer system.
2) 12.08.080 - Cnly unpolluted water may enter th^ storm sewer
system.
3) 12.08.140 - No person shall discharge waste water containing
more than: -
a. 1 part per million (ppn) copper
b. Ippm lead
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c. SOppn oil or grease
No discharge may be nude having a terperature higher than 100 ^eg. F.,
or having a pH greater than 9.0 or less than 5.5. Sewer Utilities has
stated, however, that unless the level and quantity of contamination is very
high and constant, many of these regulations are very difficult to enforce.
Local fire regulations regarding small quantity generators are
concerned only with the storage and containment of contiustible liquids at
this time. The rules addressing these containers state that they should;
1) have lids secured i.t all times
2) be located a minimum of ten feet from any source of ignition
3) be prominently labeled, the lettering color contrasting with
the container color
4) be stored clear of any exits
5) if stored outside, a secure ar.J weather protected area should
be considered.
-New Regulations
The Small Generator Demonstration Project was designed to operate with
the voluntary cooperation of businesses and without the use of regulatory
enforcement. Despite this, new regulations being developed in different
sectors may necessitate regulation of at least seme of the small generators.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) reauthorization of
1984 provides for a reduction of the small quantity exclusion limit from
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2200 Ibs to 220 Ibs on a national level. This change will be enacted in mid
1986 and means that any generator who produces more than 220 Ibs of a
regulated waste per month or per batch must comply with the requirements of
KCRA. This could affect many of the small businesses involved in this
project since they often use 55 gallon drums to store waste and this would
put them above this limit.
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A proposed aquifer protection ordinance could affect every business
which handles a hazardous material over the South Tacoma aquifer and could
expand to cover Pierce County. It would provide for proper containment,
storage, use, and disposal of all hazardous materials. It would call for
routine testing of underground storage tanks. Regular inspections would be
performed by the local fire departments with the role of enforcement falling
on the Health Department. The development of this ordinance was influenced
by the Snail Generator Project.
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MFITODOLCGY
The Small Generator Demonstration Project was designed to determine the
types and quantities of wastes generated by the test population, the
appropriate disposal methods for these wastes, and the applicable federal,
state and local laws. This information was distributed to the businesses in
the project area and after a few months the effectiveness of the project was
evaluated.
-Waste Types and Quantities
The wastes determined from the preliminary industrial survey were
quantified under six different types (see Table 1). Oil and grease included
waste crankcase oil and other hydrocarbons such as transmission and brake
fluids. D-solve included decreasing solvents such as mineral spirits but
was meant to exclude halogenated hydrocarbons. P-solv included waste
paints, paint sludges, and paint solvents such as laquer thinner. Toxics
included halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, pesticides, and ether highly
toxic or potentially toxic materials. The caustic materials included
caustic and hot dip tank contents. The materials which failed to fall under
any of the previous lists were grouped under miscellaneous.
All of these types of materials were categorized as being disposed
correctly or incorrectly. Correct disposal denotes that the material was
being handled in a manner which assured that it would not enter the
environment in a detrimental fashion. This may have meant recycling by a
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dependable firm {one who's handling practices won't allow the material to
become a further problem), refining for use as a different product (waste
oil), or disposal in a landfill permitted for that material. Incorrect
disposal meant that the material was being disposed in a manner which
allowed for, or potentially allowed for entry into the environment. All
amounts listed are rough estimates of actual amounts. Some of the reasons
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for inaccuracy included lack of record keeping on waste amounts, lack cf
knowledge due to the fact that the interviewee was not directly involved in
the waste disposal px ~cess, and a reluctance to give correct information on
improper waste disposal because of fear of retribution.
-Advisory Committees
One of the major components of the project was the creation of
committees to assis_ in program development and to aid in determining the
most feasible alternative disposal methods for the wastes. The first was
the Citizen Advisory Committee (CAC). It was comprised primarily of
business persons from some of the involved South Tacoma businesses. The 150
businesses surveyed included eight basic types of industry. These include
auto retail and repair shops, machine shops, cleaners, auto body shops,
printers, paint equipment and supplies, fuel oil, and lumber manufacturers.
One person from each of these categories was included on the comdttee in
order to adequately represent the special needs and problems of each type of
industry. The camittee also included representatives of the League of
Women Voters, EPA, Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department (TPCHD), and other
interested citizens. The purposes of this ccnmittee were to;
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1) provide input frcm the business sector concerning the feasibility of
waste handling alternatives,
2) contribute additional ideas on handling alternatives,
3) act as liason between the Health Department and other South Tacoma
businesses.
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4) Act as a media contact for the project in the event that reactions of
affected business were required by the media.
The second commttee was the Technical Advisoiv Com ttee (TAG). This
team consisted of representatives of agencies which have an interest in the
project. These included EPA, DOE, City of Tacoma Refuse and Sewer
Utilities, Tacoma Fire Department, a recycling firm, .._ .T'->J:;;> -<3 of the CAC
and the TPCHD. The function of this ccmnittee was :-.o ; rovide technical
input concerning environmentally safe and legal waste disposal options. It
also made recoimendations or. program development and the content of the
educational pamphlet. Any reconnendations were sent to the CAC for a
feasibility review from the businessperson's viewpoint. All information and
recatmendations, once accepted by both conuittees, were polished in the
pamphlet.
Two ccrmittees were formed instead of one because it was felt the
presence of regulatory personnel would inhibit the response to the project
by involved business people.
-Reconrnended Disposal Methods
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The recorrrnended disposal method for most of the wastes is centered
around recycling. There is a ready market available in the private sector
for materials in the oil and grease, degreasing solvents, and paint solvents
categories.
Almost all disposal options required contacting some firm in order to
properly dispose of a material. • A list of approved resources for recycling
and disposal was available at the back of the pamphlet. Those resources are
also listed on a durable poster that could be hung on a wall in each
business for convenience.
-Oils and Greases: Oils, grease, transnission and brake fluids can be
stored together and are easily recycled as long as more flarmabie materials
are not included. Most recyclers will pick up 55 gallons or more. Smaller
amounts may be taken to gas stations or all service recycling centers.
-Degreasing Solvents; Employment of solvent services such as Safety
Kleen and Rapid Clean is recommended because they beneficially recover the
solvents and dispose of the residues in an environmentally safe manner.
Businesses which service their own solvent tanks are urged to re-use their
solvents and dispose of their waste sludges at a chemical disposal company.
-Paint Solvents; Dirty paint solvents are recyclable and should be
stored for pickup by or delivery to a paint solvent recycler. Old useable
paints can be used by local acting companies and service organizations such
as the Salvation Army.
-Caustic and Hot Dip Tanks; Bnployment of a service is recommended for
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these materials also. Self service tank contents and sludges should be
taken to a chemical disposal company.
-Acids/Toxic Materials; These materials and their specific disposal
rtconmendations are too numerous to describe here or in the parrphlet.
Businesses with these materials should call the Health Department or a
chemical disposal company. Disposal options may include neutralization,
transfer of material to another business which can use the material,
treatment of material to reduce volume, and disposal at a chemical disposal
company.
-Bnulsified Oils; Soapy water and emulsified oils from car and truck
washing operations should be going into the sanitary sewer rather than a
storm drain. Any business which has an oil and grease concentration greater
than 50 ppm. should contact the Tacoma Sewer Utilities or W.D.O.E. for
pre-treatment requirements.
Not all materials encountered were dealt with on this type of general
basis. Those buisnesses which had a material or situation for which the
disposal option was not readily apparent were encouraged to call the Health
Department or other qualified entity for assistance.
-Pamphlst Development
An educational pamphlet was developed for the project through the
assistance of the advisory ccmnittees (see Appendices B through E). The
pamphlet contains information on the problems with hazardous materials, hew
they are currently being handled, which disposal method should be used,
current and future regulations, general housekeeping, and where to go for
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help. Several drafts of the panphlet were developed. These were then
reviewed by the two committees in order to insure technical accuracy ar.d
practical feasibility. The draft was then taken to a public relations firm
who rewrote the draft for public understanding, added graphics for omphasis,
and packaged everything in an attractive panphlet. They also produced a
matching 11 inch by 14 inch durable poster with all the contacts listed for
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disposal of wastes and assistance (see Appendix A). This poster was
intended to be posted in a conspicuous place in the work area.
-Public Relations
It was felt that the success of the project would greatly benefit if a
large number of people were made aware of its aims and goals. This could
best be accomplished through the use of local television, radio, and
newspaper media. A public relations firm was hired for this purpose that
was also capable of assisting in development and printing of the pamphlet.
After the panphlet was printed, they prepared press releases and
notified local media about the project and the distribution of material that
would soon occur. This resulted in several television and radio interviews
that were successful in reaching and raising concern in the public.
-Information Dissemination
The phase of the project involving the distribution of the educational
materials to the businesses was considered to be one of the most important
aspects of the project. The method of distribution and the attitude of the
businesses would have a major bearing on the success of the program.
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Several methods of distribution were considered ranging from postal
delivery to individual visits from project personnel to each business. The
latter method was chosen because it was felt that this method would allow a
much better opportunity to impress upon each business the severity of the
problem of small quantities of hazardous waste and also the importance of
this project. It also provided for an up to date assessment of waste
types, quantities, and handling practices.
The actual distribution was preceded by a letter to each business
stating that a representative of the TPCHD would be visiting their
establishment to provide information on hazardous waste (see Appendix H).
This was coupled with a large scale media push which included radio,
television, and daily and weekly newspapers in order to bring more interest
and attention to the project. Even though there was widespread coverage in
the media, few of the businesses appeared to have much previous knowledge of
the project. One possible approach which may provide more results would be
inserting articles in specific trade journals or club publications which
would be more specific to the target businesses.
A total of 118 businesses were visited during the three week period
between August 20, and September 7, 1984. These were the same businesses
that were inventoried in the Spring/Summer 1982 Study. The number was
decreased from 149 for several reasons. Ten went out of business, three
changed their business (auto dealership changes to sales only - no service
or waste),three moved out of the area, two were currently being investigated
by DOE, and twelve were ruled out when it was determined that they didn't
handle or produce a hazardous waste.
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Several businesses had changed hands and were unable to be contacted.
were contacted and introduced to the project.
Project staff contacted each business by phone to set up a meeting time
with either the owner, supervisor, or foreman rather than an employee. This
was a very time consuming process because many of the contact persons were
difficult to reach. It was felt that this approach was more efficient than
spontaneous visits and it assured that the contact would have adequate tine
to discuss the project once the meeting had been set.
The visit itself consisted of meeting with the contact person,
explaining the aim of the project, how this project affected them, and how
stricter regulations were forthcoming. The staff person presented the
contact with the educational pamphlet and poster along with a brief
explanation of the information included in the pamphlet, how it was designed
to work, and how the information could be used to help the small business
person ijrprove his waste handling practices and comply with current
regulations. The contact was then urged to display the poster in a visible
area to provide easy access and to promote interest and concern.
After explaining the goals of the project, the staff person filled out
a sinple survey form (see Appendix F) to update records on waste types,
quantities, handling practices, and general business information. The form
included an area for comment on how each business or person received the
project information and how much they were willing to cooperate with the
interviewer.
The interviewer then requested a tour of the facilities and an
explanation of the process used in the business. The general areas
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enphasized during the tour included oil and grease recovery, degr^asing
solvent systems, sludge disposal, storage of waste, presence of pesticides
or other toxic materials, methods for storing and transporting wastes,
drainage systems, signs of indiscriminate dumping, and general housekeeping
procedures. The contact was then informed of any of these areas which
needed improvement and given some suggestions about how to accomplish the
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improvements. They were also shown how the pamphlet could help them to
solve any of their problems. They were then encouraged to call the listed
agencies for any questions they might have. As a parting note they were
informed of the follow-up survey to be conducted in three months to
determine the effectiveness of this approach to hazardous waste management
and its effect on their individual business.
The response to the distribution of businesspersons was very favorable.
Approximately 90% of the contacted persons received the distributors with
interest and genuine concern for the environment. Many asked about
questionable practices they performed but were unaware of a better method or
informed the interviewer of another business which had questionable
practices. Most of the remainder of the businesses were cooperative but
appeared to lack any interest and tolerated the survey as more government
control. Only one business was totally uncooperative and refused to allow
an interviewer on site.
Each visit lasted 30-45 minutes and depended on the size of the
business and the interest of the contacted person.
-Follow-Up Survey
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A lag period of three months was allowed for businesses to begin using
the information contained in the pamphlet and poster. During this time a
few more media interviews were conducted to increase awareness.
Three months was chosen as the lag period in order to allow the
businesses to generate enough waste to require disposal. Even so, many
businesses produce waste at "such a slow rate that they may net require
disposal for a year or more. Those businesses may not indicate a char.ge in
waste handling practices until a much later date.
The follow up survey was conducted to determine the effect the program
had on the test population and to assess the ability of this ncn enforcement
approach to decrease the amount of hazardous waste being improperly handled
by small quantity generators.
The follow up survey was conducted in two phases. The first phase
involved contacting by phone those businesses who, during the initial
distribution, were determined not to have a significant problem with
handling or disposing of waste. The intent of the phone interview was to
determine if the business had made any use of the information, if any other
persons had made use of the information, and to determine the response of
those businesses to the project. This phase involved about 92 businesses.
See Appendix G for a copy of the form used in this survey.
The second piase involved the rest of the businesses tJiat were
determined to have a problem in handling or disposing of wastes or had a
problem with housekeeping. Project officials decided that visiting each of
these industries once again would add emphasis to the recommendations
already suggested by the inspectors and also allow them to determine -just
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what, if any, changes were made. The same person was contacted as in the
distribution phase to set up a meeting. The questions asked were the sarce
as in the phone interviews, concentrating on the questions on changes in
handling practices. Any changes were verified along with the amount of
waste. If the business had failed to make the changes recommended in the
first visit, these points were re-emphasized along with the reasons for
making the cahnges. It will be difficult to determine if the follow-up
survey had any further effect on reducing the .amount of hazardous waste
entering the environment since additional follow up surveys ha^e not been
planned. Ihe TPCHD may elect to continue monitoring in crder to increase
compliance with proper waste management practice.
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RESULTS
Data Table I describes the results of the distribution and preliminary
survey done during August and September, 1984. This data includes the
waste by type and amount and whether the type of disposal was correct cr
incorrect. It also includes the number of businesses which contributed to
each specific waste and the percentage of businesses which were disposing of
waste incorrectly.
Data Table II describes the results of the follow-up survey done during
Deceiriber, 1984. These figures reflect the changes in handling and disposal
practices in the businesses brought about by the distribution of tlie
educational materials and inspections by project personnel. It reflects the
amount of waste that changed from incorrect to correct disposal. Two new
categories are added to this table as compared to Data Table I. The first
is the percentage of change of business switching from incorrect disposal to
disposal methods which protect the erridronment. The second new category-
reflects the changes, if any, that the program caused in actual waste
amounts.
This data is to be used for basic comparisons only. There are several
reasons why any direct comparisons of this material should be considered
inaccurate. The major reason is due to the inaccuracy of "the ariounts
reported by businesses. Since small generators are not required to keep
records on waste amounts, the amounts reported to investigators were only
rough estimates. Also, in many cases, the contact person was different with
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each survey which led to additional inconsistency. In several cases the
contact was unable to even estimate an amount of waste. One example of this
was the person who reported that he used about 150 pounds of caustic flakes
each year but had no idea licw many gallons of solution went down the drain.
One additional cause for inconsistency between reports is brought about
by changes in handling practices. If a business changed fror, servicing
their own solvent tank to employing a solvent service, the waste amounts
would change from about 5 gallons per year in the incorrect disposal column
to around 240 gallons per year in the correct disposal column.
One final reason is caused by one time events. Several businesses
were listed as having a problem with waste because they had a material
stored on site which they no longer used but were unsure how to correctly
dispose of it. Examples of these materials include exotic paints, snail
batteries, pentachlorophenol, and some toxic solvents. Ihese wastes were
not produced on an ongoing basis and once the business was assisted in
properly disposing of the material, would no longer produce it in an ongoing
or measurable basis.
A more concrete basis for determining the effect of the project may be
to determine the number and percentage of businesses which enacted a change
in waste handling or disposal practice. Of the 118 businesses visited in
the distribution phase, 26 were determined to have a problem with waste
disposal, 72 were currently disposing of their waste in an acceptable
manner, and 20 were not currently producing a waste.
The follow-up determined that of the 26 problem businesses, 10 had
changed their waste handling practices to an acceptable manner.
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Even among the 72 correctly disposing of waste, 14 made favorable
changes due to the distributed materials ranging from labeling barrels to
the installation of an oil and water separator. Many of those that made
changes originally had problems with waste disposal but were exposed to
project recommendations through participation in the advisory committee.
•
The response the businesses made to the ideas, recarmendations, and
personnel of the project was extremely favorable. Most understood the
reasons for the project and were environmentally conscious. Several,
including one all service recycler, offered their services for handling or
disposing of small quantities and in so doing became a part of the solution.
Only one business was uncooperative and refused to allow inspectors en the
premises.
22
-------
CONCLUSIONS
This project was responsible for reducing the number of businesses
having problems in disposing of hazardous waste by almost 40% and for
drastically increasing the amount of environmental awareness and concern
through the distribution of educational materials. The amount of hazardous
waste being detrimentally disposed in the environment was decreased by at
least 2400 gallons per year and the amount being properly disposed cf was
increased by over 2800 gallons per year. This is extremely significant when
i
it is realized that only a few gallons of certain materials can seriously
damage the environment and drinking water supplies.
i
Success for the project was realized in several different ways. Cue
business had held onto 400 gallons of paint for years because they were
unsure of proper disposal. Staff persons had them contact the Salvation
Army which was very pleased to receive the paints. Another company had a
partial barrel of toxic pentachlorophenol which was given to a firm to use
as a wood preservative. Both businesses benefited and it cost them nothing.
Several businesses made use of the information even though they didn't
have a waste handling problem. One changed the firm which handled his
degreasing solvent. He found the new service to be much more convenient.
Another business person used the information to find a new paint thinner
recycler. Ihey picked his old thinner up for free and in return sold him a
powerful, low cost, wash grade thinner.
23
-------
The increased exposure due to the posters was also responsible for
several inquiries about proper disposal of wastes froti businesses who
weren't even in the survey.
Many other examples of success like these were encountered by staff
persons throughout the project.
#
During the planning stages of this project, it was hoped that 20% of
the businesses with waste handling problems could be changed. This figure
was practically doubled and in the process several other approaches were
conceived which may further increase success in future projects. These
include increased publicity, especially in local newspapers and trade
journals in order to make people more aware of disposal options and to
increase public pressure and awareness. Additional assistance may be gained
through stricter regulations which allow for periodic inspections and
elementary waste record keeping and a clearer interpretation and explanation
of current regulations. Financial subsidy for waste disposal and
transportation operations would decrease the cost of waste disposal and
increase the cooperation of businesses in correctly disposing of their
wastes.
The success of this project depended on the presence of local agencies
or businesses which were capable of transporting, treating, disposing, or
recycling each of the waste types present. My approach at controlling
wastes through voluntary measures will be feasible only if the methods exist
locally to deal with those wastes in an economical fashion. The biggest
detriment to waste control appears to be cost.
24
-------
A local resource is also necessary to coordinate the efforts of
businesses who are attempting to dispose of their wastes correctly. The
TPCHD maintains an ongoing policy of assisting businesses and homeowners in
finding adequate and proper disposal for their small quantities of
hazardous wastes. This is normally accomplished by either contacting
someone who can use the material to be disposed or by contacting the proper
disposal resource.
Recommendations for future studies to better determine the success rate
include having project personnel continue from the planning stages through
the end of the project and to set up methods from the outset that will
insure accurate quantitative assessment of hazardous waste amounts and
handling practices.
This project was conducted in two major steps with each being conducted
by different personnel. The first was the waste inventory conducted in 1982
and the second was the educational mode conducted during 1934. The
different methods employed in these steps resulted in the majority of the
data being incomparable.
An increase in the amount of lag time between distribution of
educational materials and a follow-up survey may also increase the success
rate. It is expected that additional businesses will begin compliance after
they have generated enough waste to warrant disposal but may only require
additional time to do so.
The success rate of this project ./as great enough that plans are being
made to expand the distribution of educational materials to all small
.generators in Pierce County. Compliance of businesses with proper waste
25
-------
disposal methods is expected to be increased through the development of an
aquifer protection ordinance which is currently being proposed.
26
-------
SHALL GENERATOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Generated Waste Types and Quantities
AUGUST 1984 SURVEY
118 Total Businesses
Totals
Correct Disposal
Incorrect Disposal
1
Waste Types
Oil and Grease
Degreasing Solvents
Paint Solvents
Caustic
Toxic1
2
Miscellaneous
Quantity , Number of
Gallons/Year ' Businesses
1 ' ' !
95612 i 55
7819 ; 35
1
4001 ! 17
j
2030 ,' 4
i
! 165 1
i
4042 i 7
•
i
Quantity
Gallons/Year %
95458 99
6269 .75
3068 ;77
Businesses
1 '.
51
19
11
I
1820 -90 2
•
165 100
1
, i
i' 2065
;
51
2
93
1
54 j
65
50
f
100 i
29 j
1
1
i
i
Quantity
Gallons/Year
154
1550
933
210
0
1977
; I
Businesses
* »
! i
<1 4
25
23
16
6
'10 2
0
7
46
35
50
o ; o
49 i 5
71
i i
i
i
1 Includes pesticides
2 Includes unclassified sludges, paint skins, print shop developers
DATA TABLE I
-------
SMALL GENERATOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Generated Waste Types and Quantities
DECEMBER 1984 SURVEY
118 Total Businesses
Totals
Correct Disposal
Incorrect Disposal
Amount of Change to Correct
Disposal
.
Waste Types
Oil and Grease
Oegreasing Solvent;
! Paint Solvents
< ' Caustic
i
Toxic'
.' ' Miscellaneous
( '
; i
1
Quantity
Number of
Gallons/Year Businesses
i
95612
7819
55
35
4001 | 17
2430
1 165
i
4042
5
1
Quantity
Gallons/Year £
95458
7340
3058
2220
165
7 ! 3445
i
i
i
i i :
•
j i
! • i
i
99
93
77
91
100
85
!
• i i
Businesses
t :; j
t
51
25
11
3
1
93
71
65
60
100
Quantity ,' Businesses
Gallons/Year '•'• j » V.
;
(
: • Quantity
i Gallons/Year
t
Businesses | !
3 •
1 ; |
r - - T i 1 :
154 < l| 4 j 7 j ; 0
i ;
479 j 7' 10 j 29
933
210
0
5 71 i
)
;
i
23 6 j 35
i !
Si 2 I 40
0: 0 ; 0
597 is) 2 j 29
1
i
i
i
i
1
1
ii i 1
i
0 0
i i ;
! , 1071 ! 6 i 17
i 0
400
0
i
1 1380
1
0 ! 0 i i
1 ; ;
1 10 i 1
0 0
3 42
:
1
1
j
i
;
1
i
i
1 Includes pesticides
2 Includes unclassified sludges, paint skins, print shop developers
DATA TABLE 11
-------
-f
A list of agencies
is provided for your
convenience.
AGENCIES:
lacoma-l'ierce County
Health Department
591-6450
Uasliin;_i|on Department
i ii l-.ci il< i«,'y
459-6000
I'.S. Knvironmcnlal
I'roiection Agency \\aste
Management I'.ranch
442-1253
Ci'y ol lamma
N-\\vr Itilities
591-5588
liicoma l-'ire Department
591-5740
!l von have (jiiestions
reijardiiiij health asixi'ls
ol handling haxardotis
materials, call the Health
Department Nursing.
591-6480.
Waste oils
I'elroleum Kcclaimiiiij
SeA'ice. Inc.
383-4474 (Tacoma)
I.'nited Drain Oil S
759-3537 (Tacoma)
Small Onanlilies
1-800-RECYCLE
Caustic and
hot dip tanks
K,i|)id Clean
778-8161 (Monroe)
Degreasing
solvents
Safety Kleeil
939-2022 (Auburn)
Rapid Clean
778-8161 (Monroe)
All toxic w;ivir ;iinl
Chemical disposal
Chemical Processors
1-800-228-7872
Paint solvent
recycling
l.aci|iier Distributors
383-5747 (Tacoma)
Safco Inc.
824-4973 (Seattle)
As of UK-dale 11( this
printing, this list is approved
i)v the \Vashini;toii,l)cpart-
in'-nl ol Ki'oloLjv. This list
may ;i:>l i)e ro.npk-tr ami
diK's not conslituli' a
rivonundulation. Chcrk
with your ivcyclcrs to set-
il llu-y aiv !).().!•'.. approvi'd.
//it* im\ ih-n-lttfttil in 4 f'fiMiftt'fi'wt
ii ilh r/rt I N tut nimmtiiKil /'n.h-f httH
lO'"> * " /MI* intt Im-ti \nhii-t toil lit tin-
U.i no '* /MI r tintt titiiiiiiiittnilit r nt titi:
i,/7(i i*>ltmlt,r\t limit */KMI/I/ /*• Mi/i-rriY/
KVsouru- Kttovcrv Corn
l-SMii.y;>><.7s*;.'
IN AN EMERGENCY:
III case of ;«.:i emerijeiiev
involviiiLj ha/ardous mater-
ials, you should rail one i>!
the follouin^ agencies.
liu'oma hire Department
627-0151
Dicoma I'oison Center
272-1281
S|)ill Hotline
Washington Deparltiien,
of I'.colo^y
1-753-2353
I .S. Coast (iuard
1-858-9998
DISPOSAL
Anormntv
-------
-o
-o
o
I—»
X
03
EVERYBODY'S HEALTH,
EVERYBODY!* PROBLEM
A fresh, clean and iincontaminalcd supply
of drinkint! water is essential for smuxl public
health. Hut in recent years, a serious <|neslion
has IKVM raised about the safely of our mnn.ci-
p,il water supply Hie fjiyironnieiil.il Protection
Agency has discovered that some ol out diink-
ini> water sources contain chlorinated hydio-
carlHMi solvents — substances whi<-|i. if
consiiined in sufficiently hii;li concentrations.
can cause cancer in humans and animals.
Some of the ha/ardons substances fouiul in
the city's iv.ifri supply may In1 Iliete ln-cause
many small businesses im omvlK dispose of
waste materials such as oils, acids, grease, p.mil
thinner and solvents I'oiiicd onto the i*iound.
down sewers, or placed into land tills, these
chemicals work their way through the soil and
sewer system and cuter our environment and
often our water supply There, they cicalea health
lia/ard that !M-< nines everybody's piohlcm.
l-ocal. slate and (•.•deral laws piohibil dis-
posal of lia/aidous wastes in ways that allow
them lo endanger the environment — regardless
of concentration or amount.
MUCH SUBSTANCES
ARE HAZARDOUS?
There are many substances which can be
loxic to the eiiviionnu'iil utitl the |*o>j*!e \\lio
occnp*. it. ildis|H>sed of iiicorrivily Amonjj iliese
are
Oils and greases.
Parts cleaners and solve;. is.
Paints and Ihinners.
Acids.
Mot dip tank solutions and caustic soda.
Pesticides and other toxic materials.
Ifyiiiir business is currently ttispo.vitii! of
these or .similar ninteriuls in a tray trhich
tilloirfs them to enter the ground, si'irer
system or iitmosnltere, you tire contrihntiitii
to a health hazard.
A WIDESPREAD
THREAT
'lacoma is not the onK CI>MIIIIUIII!\ ih.i! i--
li.niiiL; a problem uith ciiiil.iniMi.ileil diuikiiic
u.ilci Soil aiul \\.ilet coill.iiilinatii MI In , lil.'ii-
ualed hvdhic.ubons is v\ idespiiM.j Hie p. n'lntii >n
is not tin- fault ol small IHIMIIC.-S .»-• ra •>.-
alone. Thete file manvolheis \\\v .>hai
lil.ime — .ind the lespoiisibilii*. i '*.i i i.'i
countless numbers ol indiudiials li.iw-
It itl;i>nyH'fl\'i!i\f»m'tl it/. t»\n mt\tt'\ ^i'l t'tllt'l ///«'
it'ltt iriih'i '.(y/i/>/i utiiJ i'intiiin;i-i tin- lit-fillh >>f t/n-
tii:nntttitt\
i iled tu the pioblem b\ diimpn;^ h. :.'.>'.- •
chemicals diiccllv mli> the enMioiimen
businesses c. in bnlh peiloiman impioian! -ei-
'•ice loi the < oinuinnilv . ni.l srl .1 i;i « H| f\.iin| •!•.
by |II||OIMIII< pioper ilispusai picceduro.
Theii* .lie slate l.u\> ie<;nl.iliilv: ll!«' dispf. "..i!
ol h.iAirdoiis iiialenals Al Ihe pu'senl nnu*.
most ol ihese l.ius app|\ >>ul\ to MIUM- biisi
nesses \\llii 1 1 pmdiice ninn- Ih.in |nii p, ui:i«K
ha/ardous \\aslcs in a in<>!;lli 'I'tie !urn ni.r.
soon be ii-'lm ed to |i)|l |'i'iin.!~.
-------
Kven if Ilic amount ol ha/ardous waste you
disjH.se of monthly dix-s not i»oover these liinils,
it is required thai you wifely and pro|>crlv dispose
oj irfiimlially ha/ardou.s substances. 'Ihis bro-
chure provides guidelines (or correct wasl'j
dis|WIS,ll
NO EASY ANSWERS
Ik-cause hazardous materials have serious
health consequences for both present and future
ly.-neratioiis. it is ini|x>rtant that aclio:i Ixj taken
quickly to assure the public has a sale supply ol
drinking water
I 'nforiiiiialely, appropriate dis|x>sal may
st-rm difficult for a small business to arrange.
Sanitary landfill ojieraiors cannot accept hazar-
dous substances. And cc.mmcrcial recyclers set
iniiiinium amounts wind may in.ike it ini|x>s-
siblc for you to dis|x>se ol 'our company's
^ hazardous wastes through tl'eir senices.
J^ Tin-re an- alternatives. It is relatively
g inexpensive and fairlv easy to dis|H>se of most
~ hazardous wastes — if you knsal.
WHERE DO I START?
A list of recycli rs and disjxjs.il contacts is
providi-d in this brochure. Some of them may
juv money for your haxardous wastes. Most
importantly, however, bv usinij their services.
MHI .in- ensuiiiiL! that toxic materials will not
i niil.iiuiiiaie our community and be injurious
lo the public.
ll is impossible lo set general disjxisal
L>uidi-lim-s lor .Kids anil pesticides, because
i!i> si-11.|ic-, of to.xir niali-rials iiu hide a wide
•..If I' I1. Ill <||<-INK ills .11 id prO|M'l dlS|«>S.ll III! till H Is
-.or. with each \Mial \oii as a busincss|«-isoii
should tx- aware of is lh.it iiiipro|MT dis|Misal
.ii iii-iili.ill/alioii o| ,H ids may c.iusr Ihe release
nl di-.idlv i|.iscs or si,nl a fire, lui s.il uiloim.ilioii .iboiil .H uls. |M-.sliridrs .mil
other |M)isoiions wastes, coiil.u I the .ippiopn.ili-
.ii'ency from lists which follow.
All of Ihe ha/ardons subsl.mces in the
remaininii categories can Ix* siimmaii/ed in the
foll(Avini< dis|M>sal options.
RECOMMENDED
DISPOSAL
OPTIONS:
%Toils, greases, transmission and
brake fluids, and most other oil-
based lubricating fluids.
Most oil-based lubricating fluids may
be combined for storage and are easily
recycled. Miny service stations and all
service recycling centers will accept small
amounts of oils uncontaminated by gaso-
line, solvents or other flammable materials.
Most recycling services will pay for lubri-
cants in quantities of 55 gallons or more,
and will even make collection calls.
%T Parts cleaners and decreasing
solvents.
'Ihere are several recyclers in the
'liicoma area which offer solvent services.
It is safer and more convenient for you
to have your solvents handled by one <>f
these services, because you will not need to
maintain your own solvent Link If you do
choose to service your own tank, the sludge
should be collected and taken lo a chemical
disposal com|>any. Do not put it in tin-
garbage or />oi/r // onto the ground.
C
Paint solvents.
F.ven in small quantities, paint solvents
are easily recycled by contacting a paint
solvent recycler. Paints which are still
usable can probably be put to good use by
a charitable organization, or a local theater
which may need it for painting sets.
Caustic and hot dip tanks.
'Hie contents of caustic baths - d hot
dip tanks should not be poured d the
drain since they usually contain gi
and oil, metals, and caustic sodas. If you
perform your own service on your tank, be
sure to take-the waste solution to a chemical
disposal company. We do. however, recom-
mend that you use a tank service. Tank
services pump and dispose of the sludge
safely for you, and renew the strength of
your tank solution. They can provide you
with a tank 01 service your existing tank.
TV ' Emulsified Oils.
Emulsified oils are oils and greases
that are suspended in solution by cleaning
agents. Alter passing through an oil-water
separator, these materials may go into the
sanitary sewer. The oil-water separator
should be pumped and serviced regularly.
-------
O
X
a
STORING
HAZARDOUS
WASTES SAFELY
Whichever chemical waste your company
prixluccs. you will need to store the materials
until pick-up can hi! made Storage areas should
IK* protected from Ihr weather ,uul located on a
surface which dues not readily absorb nioisture
so that spills can he easily contained. The best
surfaces (or this purpose arc concrete lloors and
l>ads. This ly|K' of aililicial surface will minimi/c
the absorption of most ha/aidous materials, with
the exceplioii of acids.
Most wastes can be stored in several dif-
ferent lyjx's of sealed containers — either large
storage tanks, Sf> gallon drums, or five gallon
buckets. lnex|H'iisive plastic lids arc available
for f>r> gallon drums.
Not all materials can lie stored in metal
drums. Acids will dissolve metals as well as
concrete. Contact your supplier lor projior
storage methods
If a funnel is used for adding material to a
stciage drum, it should be removed immediately
after use. I llherwi.se, water may enter the con-
tainer and displace the waste maleiials. resulting
in overflow.
Tin: 'lacoma Fire Department requires that
combustible materials IK: placed in approved
containers with secured lids. I'lace the container
at least ten feet from ignition sources, and away
from building exits. Libel the containers
prominently, in a
contrasting color.
As little as .r>f> gallons can calegoii/e yon as
a ha/aidoits waste gcncialor under Slate law.
\inii ha/aidous waste should IK* disfHised of or
lecvcled regularly If you have questions about
llu- safe storage of a vva.sle material, call one
i >f the agencies <<; recyclers listed in this hr< x-luire.
LITTLE THINGS
CAN MEAN A LOT
Sound health and environmental practices
start with little things II a .spill does occur, il
should be contained iinmedialcK with an ineit
absolvent maleiials Mich as i lav cat lillei Ponol
clean up with a solvcnl solution if the misc will
find Us way into the sloim diani in samlaix sewer.
A material that doesii I gel spilled won I need
lo be cleaned up. And it wont be hosed out into
Ihi1 environment. So. general good housekeeping
piaclices and caie in inalciuls handling goes .1
long '.vay — both in keeping a clean shop.
and in protecting the public health
WHAT'S IN IT
FOR YOU & ME?
In the future, (emulations m.iv require the
rcgistiation and strict monitoring of all wasie and
handling practices. Mishandling of hazardous
wastes can hi' extremely costly lo businesses
and lo the public. Hu; at the present time, vol-
untary compliance is being strongly stiesscd.
Voluntary compliance now with (In- suggestions
contained in this biochine is likelv In be woith
millions of dollars ol clean-up in the Inline
I'ropci handling ol toxic wastes is advan-
tageous to you as a hiisincssperson and as a
private citi/en because il oilers
Money for some recycled materials.
A cleaner, healthier work environment.
Increased employee efficiency.
F ;ier and fuller compliance wii!i
' iirrcnt |;o\cninicnlal ix-gnlalions.
A safer enviroiiiiient for yon and your
family.
-------
O
X
IF YOU NEED
MORE INFORMATION
II you need inure information, jusl call the
appropriate lisliin; Yuiill liml lirlp w.iilini! I IHp
thai will riiahli' yon In maintain the qualify til
'lacoma's environment — lor yourself and fur
future i>cncralion.s.
AGENCIES:
lacoma-Pierce County Health
Department ................ 591 -MM
Washington Department
of Ecology ................. 459-ttXX)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Waste Management Hranch ..... 442-125,'J
City of 'lacoma Sewer Utilities . . . 5«)l-5!iHH
lacoma Fire Department ....... 5!) I -.WO
If you have questions regarding health
aspects of handling ha/ardotis materials,
call the lleallh Department Nursing.
5'Jl-MKO.
IN AN EMERGENCY:
In case of an emergency involving ha/ard-
DI is materials, you should call OIK- ol the
following agencies.
Tacoma Fire Department ....... (i27-0lf>l
'lacoma Poison Center ....... 272-I2H1
Spill Hotline
Washington Department of
Ecology .................. l-75:{-2.'ra
U.S. Coast Guard ...........
s W;islc Tnuis|x>rlint'
l<< -source keruvrf v Corp.
I HOD ^
RECYCLERS& DISPOSAL
RESOURCES
Waste oils
Petroleum Reclaiming
Service, Inc ' . MM 171 ('lacoma)
United Drain Oil
Service 7f>!)-!{.r).'<7 I'liicoma)
Small (Juanlilies I-HOO-KFCYCLK
Caustic and hot dip tanks
Rapid Clean 77H-Hlnl (Monroe)
Decreasing solvents
SafetyKleen JKW-L't)1L'(Auburn)
Rapid Clean 778-HKil (Monroe)
All foxir w;ts|r ;tnd
Chemical disposal
Chemical Processors (i27-7.%N (lacoma)
l-,SIHi-22S-7S7L'
Paint solvent recycling
I raider Distributors . . '.W.\-57-\7 ('lacoma)
Sifco Inc HL'H!)7.'MSe;Ulle)
/Vs of the dale ol this printini;. this list is
approved liy the Washini;loii Hepi'i'lim-nt ol
|-!col(igv 'Iliis list may not In- complete and floes
not constitute a recommendation. Check with
your rccyclers to see il they an-1'.O.K. ai
S|N-I i.il III.inks is i;i\rn In thus*1 IIIIMIH-^^IN-I^IMK .11 id
|>m,ilr i ill/ens ului |i.iiln i|i.ilcil in UK- Nn.ill I H-ix-i.ilnr
ili-iiii Hish. iln HI l'ni|<-i I .mil uh.isc (Mull .mil i It-ilii.il inn
ni.iilf this Mi.iiin.il (HissiMc
Hiin iliiriimrnt irnx ilm III/H il in rnnjitnition irilh
Ilir I'..V l.'ni-lnHiini'iiliil I'rnh-rlliin Afii-nn: II lia* not
hi'rn xnhjrcti'il lit tlir Ani-nry'n /nrr nnil nilmini.ihn-
tin- iTi'lrn; .111 ni> o/fjiltil fiiiliinn-inrtil stniiilil A>r
ittfi'rrt'tt.
TOXIC
WASTE
r'.llri I
Ciililirl'lililH-s
PROGRAM
-------
NAME OF FIRM_
ADDRESS
PHONE
Surveyed
BY
GENERAL INFORMATION:
1. Type of Facility
2. Number of Employees
4. Satellite operations
PERSON CONTACTED
Years in Operation
5. Sewage disposal ( ) sewer, ( ) on site, ( ) unknown
6. Storm drain on property ( ) yes ( ) no
7. Treatment system ( ) yes
( ) no
8. Waste disposal ( ) satisfactory
areas for improvement
( ) fair ( ) unsatisfactory
9. Waste storage ( } satisfactory ( ) unsatisfactory
Waste
( ) Oils & Greases
( ) Degreesing solvents
( ) Paint solvents
( ) Toxics
( ) Caustics
( ) Miscellaneous
GENERAL OVERALL IMPRESSION:
COMMENTS
Recycled
Quantity
Comments
( ) Cooperative
( ) Uncooperative
APPENDIX F
-------
SNAIL GENERATOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
FOLLOW-UP SURVEY
NAME OF
FIRM
PHQNE #
SIC #
DATE
CONTACTED
CONTACTED
BY
PERSON
CONTACTED
DATE PREVIOUSLY
CONTACTED
WASTE STATUS: No Waste / / Waste OK / / Problem v.'ith waste / /
TYPE OF WASTE PROBLEM:
ARE THE PAMPHLET AND POSTER STILL AVAILABLE: YES / / NO / /
HAVE OTHER PEOPLE MADE USE OF OR HAD QUESTIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTED MATERIALS?
YES / / .NO /~/
WHAT RESPONSE HAVE EMPLOYEES MADE TO THIS INFORMATION? A LOT / / SOi-iE / / NONE /"
WHAT QUESTIONS DO YOU HAVE ABOUT YOUR CURRENT WASTE OR WASTE HANDLING OR DISPOSAL
METHODS?
HAS THIS PROJECT CAUSED YOU TO CHANGE YOUR WASTE HANDLING PRACTICES? YES / _ / NO /
IF YES, HOW
HOW MUCH WASTE? __ type)
DO YOU HAVE STORAGE TANKS? NO / / ABOVE GROUND / / BELOW GROUND /~/
TYPE AND QUANTITY __
COMMENTS•
APPENDIX G
-------
R M. NICOLA M.D.. M.H.S.A. • DIRECTOR OF HEALTH
health
August 8. 1984
Dear Owner/Manager:
During the month of August, a representative of the Tacoma-Pierce County Health
Department will be visiting your business to distribute an informational pamphlet
covering potential problems and proper solutions for disposal of hazardous wastes.
This visit is targeted toward assisting all small businesses in the South Tacoma
area in developing a safe and economical hazardous waste management program.
Individually, the problem may seem small, but collectively, the improper disposal
of these waste materials could have quite an environmental impact.
We are also aware that the financial impact on a small business can be substantial
in a proper waste management program.
f •
It is our intention to work together with you to minimize the effect on the
environment and your budget.
While we are at your establishment, we would like to spend some additional time
reviewing your present operation and procedures for disposal of waste products and
assist you with any questions.
We realize that your company may not have a hazardous waste disposal problem; however
we would appreciate the opportunity to spend time with you discussing the pamphlet
and any potential problems you may be aware of.
As has been our policy in the past, any information obtained by us is held in
confidence. If you have any questions, please feel free to call me at 591-6573.
Sincerely,
Russell Post
Environmental Health Specialist "
Environmental Health Division
RP/cnh
TACOMA-PIERCE COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT
3629 SOUTH D ST. TACOMA, WASHINGTON 98408
APPENDIX H
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ENGINE AND VEHICLE BE"*!" SHOPS
*UTO 800Y SMOPS
CLEANERS
FUEL OIL
LUMBER MANUFACTURERS
MACHINE SHOPS
PA IN I EOUIPUCNT AND SUFOUCS
PRINTERS
RADIATOR SERVICE
TRANSMISSION SHOPS
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