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COURTNEY, LE: A., AND JOHN A. COUCH. IN PR5SS. USEFULNESS OF CYPRINOOON
VARIEGATUS AND FUNOULUS GRANDIS IN C ARCINOGENICITY TESTING: ADVANTAGES AND
SPECIAL PROBLEMS. IN: PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON THE USE OF SMALL FISH
SPECIES IN CARCINO&ENCITY TESTING, SETHESDA, MARYLAND, DECEMBER a-io, 1981.
U.S. NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. CERL,G'3 442).
CYPRINOOQN VARIEGATUS AND FUNDULUS GRANDIS, TWO SPECIES OF
CYPRIN300NTIO FISHES EXTENSIVELY STUDIED AND USED IN TOXICOLOGICAL AND
BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS. ARE COMPARED AS LABORATORY TEST ANIMALS.
THcIR ECOLOGY AND GENERAL BIOLOGY, AND SUITABILITY FOR VARIOUS TYPES
3F EXPERIMENTATION ARE EXAMINED. A LABORATORY SYSTEM FOR EXPOSING
CRITICAL LIFE STAGES (E.G., EMBRYOS, FRY, JUVENILES) OF THESE SPECIES
TO SUSPECT CARCINOGENS IS DESCRIBED. A DISCUSSION OF THE USE,
FINDINGS, AND POTENTIAL OF THESc SPECIES IN ONCOLOGICAL STUDIES AND
CARCINOGEN ASSAYS IS PRESENTED. PARTICULARLY IN REGARD TO RESPONSES TO
THSEE KNOWN OR SUSPECT CARCINOGENIC CHEMICALS CE.G., TRIFLURALIN,
tJENZIOINs, AND AFLATQXIN). FINALLY, ADVANTAGES ANO DISADVANTAGES OR
SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN USING THE SPECIES AS CARCINOGEN TEST ANIMALS ARE
REVIEWED.
CRAWFORD, RICHARD 8. 1983. EFFECTS OF DRILLING FLUIDS ON EM3RYO
DEVELOPMENT. EPA-600/3-83-021, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY,
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, GULF BREEZE, FL. 30P.
TOXICITY OF US50 DRILLING FLUIDS TO EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT WAS
INVESTIGATED TO ASCERTAIN THE LIMITS OF SAPg USAGE OF THESE FLUIDS IN
MARINE ENVIRONMENTS. EMBRYOS USED AS TEST SYSTEMS WERE OF THE TELEOST,
FUNOULUS HETERQCLITUS, AND FOUR ECHINOOERMS ECHINARACHNIUS PARMA,
STRQNGYLOCENTROTUS PURPURATUS, LYT5CHINUS PICTUS, LYTECHINUS
VARIEGATUS. THE DRILLING FLUIDS TESTED CAME FROM VARIOUS SOURCES; 2*
DIFFERENT SAMPLES WERE EVALUATED. IN ADDITION, SEVERAL COMMERCIAL
DRILLING FLUID COMPONENTS WERE EXAMINED IN THE TEST SYSTEMS INCLUDING
A SYNTHETIC REFERENCE MUD. STUDIES DEMONSTRATED THAT NO SINGLE
DRILLING FLUID IS "TYPICAL" AND THAT THE QUANTITATIVE EFFECTS OF
EMBRYOS VARY CONSIDERABLY FROM ONE FLUID TO ANOTHER. SOME DRILLING
FLUIDS ARE QUITE TOXIC TO ON£ OR MORE OF THE EMBRYO SYSTEMSt REQUIRING
DILUTIONS OP OVER 10<5> TO &ECOME "SAFE", OTHERS ARE RELATIVELY
INNOCUOUS, REQUIRING VERY LITTLE DILUTION TO ACHIEVE A CONCENTRATION
IN WHICH EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT CAN PROCEED NORMALLY. ALSO, THE EFFECTS ON
DEVELOPMENT SHOW VARIATION FROM ONE FLUID TO ANOTHER, THUS INDICATING
THAT A VARIETY OF COMPONENTS OR COMPOUNDS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR TOXIC
MANIFESTATIONS.
CRAWFORD, RICHARD B« 1983. EFFECTS OF DRILLING FLUIDS ON EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT
(PROJECT SUMMARY). EPA-600/S3-83-021, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY,
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, GULF BREEZE, FL. 5P.
PAGE 10
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CRIPEt G.M., L.S. GOODMAN, AND D.J. H4NSEN. IN PPEP. EFFECT OF CHRONIC
EXPOSURE TO EPN ANO TO GUTHIQN ON THE CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED ANO BRAIN
ACETYLCHQLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OP CYPRINOQON VARIEGATUS. AQUAT. TOXICOL.
22P. CERL,G6 398).
SWIMMING PERFORMANCE OF THE SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW, CYPRINOOON VARIEGATUSt
WAS MEASURED IN A STAMINA TUNNEL AT THE END OF LIFE-CYCLE TOXICITY
TESTS WITH THE QRGANOPHOSPHAT5 PESTICIDES, EPN ANO GUTHIOM. SWIMMING
STAMINA WAS AFFECTED BY 2.2 UG EPN/L, BUT MOT 8Y 0.88 JG EPN/L: THESE
CONCENTRATIONS ARE ABOUT ONE HALF OF THOSE THAT SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT
SURVIVAL, GROWTH OR REPRODUCTION. FISH BRAIN ACETYCH3LINESTEBASE
CACHE) ACTIVITY, ASSAYED BY THE PH-STAT METHOD, WAS INHIBITED 72* 8Y
0.88 UG EPN/L AND 83% BY 2.2 UG EPN/L. SWIMMING PERFORMANCE WAS NOT
AFFECTED BY GUTHIOM CONCENTRATIONS UP TO 0.5 UG/L; THIS CONCENTRATION
SEDUCED SURVIVAL AND INHIBITED ACHE 78?.
DAVIS, WILLIAM P., ANO JAMES A. FAVA. 1983. INTERACTION OF AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM COMPONENTS WITH CHLORINATION: AN OVERVIEW. IN: WATER
CHLORINATION: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANO HEALTH EFFECTS, VOL. 4. ROBERT L.
JOLLEY, £T AL., EDITOR, ANN ARBOR SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, ANN ARBOR, MI. PP.
791-796. <€RL,GB X377>.
THE USE OF TOOLS SUCH AS 01SINFSCTANTSt OXIDANTS, OR 3IOCIDES TO
PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH REMAINS HIGHLY DEBATABLE RELATIVE TO
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, RESEARCH, AND QUALITY OF LIFE. INCREASED PUBLIC
AWARENESS IS EVIDENCED 8Y REGIONAL CONFERENCES
-------
DODGE, RICHARD £., AND JUDITH C. LANG. 1933. ENVIRONMENTAL CORRELATES OF
H£RMATYPIC CORAL (M3NTASTREA ANNULARIS) GROWTH ON THE EAST FLOWER GARDENS
BANK, NORTHWEST GULF OF MEXICO. LIMNOL. OCcANQGR. 28C2): 228-240. (ERL,GB
X378).
TIME SERISS OF ANNUAL LINEAR GROWTH INCREMENTS FROM 12 MQNTASTREA
ANNULARIS C£. AND S.> H5RMATYPIC CORALS COLLECTED AT THE EAST FLOWER
GARDcNS BANK RfEEF IN THE NORTHWESTERN GULF OF MEXICO HAVE A COMMON
PATTERN. THIS IS BEST EXPRESSED IN AN INDEX MASTER CHRONOLOGY CAVERAG6
8Y YEAR OF THE ANNUAL PERCENTAGE DEVIATIONS FRRQM THE MEAN OF EACH
CORAL). COMPARISONS WITH TIME SERIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA INDICATE
THAT CORAL EXTENSION RATcS VARY POSITIVELY WITH SEASONAL (FEBRUARY
THROUGH MAY - 4 MONTHS) SURFACE WATER TEMPERATURE AND NEGATIVELY WITH
ANNUAL DISCHARGE OF THE ATCHAFALAYA
VARIATIONS OF WATER TEMPERATURE AND
LONG-TERM CONTROLS OF CORAL GROWTH
SUPPORT THE VIEW THAT SINKING OF THE
RIVER. WE PROPOSE THE SECULAR
OTHER PARAMETERS ARE THE MAJOR
IN THE AREA. OUR DATA 00 NOT
FLOWER GARDENS REEF, CAUSED SY
CATASTROPHIC
INFLUENCE ON
COLLAPSE OF
THE CORALS.
THE UNDERLYING SUBSTRATA HAS SEEN A PRIME
DODGE, RICHARD £., AND ALINA SZMANT-FROELICH. IN PREP. EFFECTS OF DRILLING
FLUIDS ON REEF CORALS: A REVISW. IN: WASTES IN THE OCEAN, VOLUME iv:
ENERGY WASTES IN THE OCEAN, I.W. OUEOALL, EDITOR, JOHN WILEY £ SONS, INC.,
NEW YORK, NY. SOP. CERL,G3 480).
THIS CHAPTER REVIEWS RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF DRILLING MUD ON CORAL
R££F COMMUNITIES. CONCENTRATION ON THE MAJOR REEF FAUNA: THE
REEF-BUILDING OR HERMATYPIC CORALS. DRILLING MUD IS AN EFFLUENT
INTRODUCED TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN LARGE QUANTITES DURING A
TYPICAL OFFSHORE DRILLING OPERATION. CONCERN OVER ITS POSSIBLE
DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS, WHEN DRILLING ACTIVITIES ARE NEAR CORAL REEFS,
HAS BEEN THE IMPETUS FOR THE WORK TO BE DISCUSSED. THE TOPIC IS OF
RECENT ORIGIN; UNTIL 1977, THERE WERE NO LITERATURE REPORTS OF
DRILLING MUD - CORAL STUDIES.
PAGE 12
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OOUGHTIc, DANIEL G., ANQ K. RANGA RAO. 1983. ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND
HISTQLOGICAL STUDY OF DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE ANTENNAL GLANDS.
H5PATOPANCREAS, ANO MIDGUT OF GRASS SHRIMP EXPOSED TO TWO OITHIOCARBAMATE
BIOCIOES. J. INVERTESR. PATHQL. 41(3):231-299. <=RL,GB X395).
HISTOL3GICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS OBSERVED IN THE ANTENNAL
GLANDS. HEPATOPANCREASt AND MIOGUT OF GRASS SHRIMP EXPOSED TO EITHER A
50* POTASSIUM DIHETHYLOITHIQCARBAMATE 9IOCIDE CBUSAN-85; 5-60 PP3) FOR
14 OAYSt OR TO A DIFFERENT BIOCIDEt COMPOSED OF 15t SOOIUM
DIMETHYLOITHIQCARBAMATc AMD 15* SODIUM =THYLEN£ 8IODITHI3CARBAMATE
(AQUATREAT QNM-30), FOR 3-4 DAYS (60-140 PP3) ANO 28-35 DAYS (40-120
PPS), WERE COMPARED AND CONTRASTED WITH THE NORMAL MORPHOLOGICAL
FEATURES IN CONTROL SHRIMP. ONLY THOSE EXPERIMENTAL SHRIMP THAT
EXHIBITED VARIOUS DEGREES OF BRANCHIAL ABNORMALITY WERE EXAMINED.
ALTHOUGH THE ALTERATIONS IN sJUSANN -EXPOSED SHRIMP WERE GENERALLY MORE
PR3BOUNCED. THE ANTENNAL GLANDS OF 32 OUT 36 EXPERIMENTAL SHRIMP
EXHIBITED ABNORMALITIES THAT WERE MANIFESTED PRIMARILY AS INCREASED
SECRETORY ACTIVITY BY THE LABYRINTH CELLS. IN DITHIOCARBAMATE-EXPOSEO
SHRIMP WITH "BLACK GILLS," THE LABYRINTH EPITHELIUM EXHIBITED MODERATE
NUCLEAR HYPERTROPHY, APPARENT CELL SLOUGHING, INTENSE SECRETORY
ACTIVITY, AND OCCASIONAL MELANlZcD LESIONS; ALTERATIONS IN THE
ANTENNAL GLAND COELOMOSAC INCLUDED NUCLEAR PYKNOSIS, A GENERAL
DETERIORATION OF PODOCYTc ORGANIZATION, AND AN UNUSUAL INCREASE IN
HEMOLYMPH DENSITY ADJACENT TO AFFECTSO TISSUES. ALTHOUGH THERE WAS AN
APPARENT INCREASE IN MITOTIC ACTIVITY IN THE HcPATOPANCRSATIC TUBULES
OF SHRIMP EXPOSED TO AQUATREAT FOR 28-35 DAYS, DEGENERATIVE CHANGES
WERE MOST FREQUENT AND EXTENSIVE IN THE HEPATOPANCREAS ANO MIDGUT OF
DITHIOCARBAMATE-EXPOSEO SHRIMP WITH "BLACK GILLS." THESE OBSERVED
CHANGES INCLUDED THE DIMINUTION OF THE BASAL MIDGUT ANO
H6PATOPANCREATIC FIXED PHAGOCYTES, DEVELOPMENT OF MITOCHONORIAL
INCLUSIONS AND MEGAMITOCHONDRIA, LOSS OF CYTQPLASMIC DENSITY,
HEPATOPANCREATIC f4UCLEAR PYKNDSIS, AND IRREVERSIBLE DEGENERATION OF
HEPATOPANCREATIC TUBLUF APICES. THIS STUDY SUGGESTS THAT SOME OF THE
OBSERVED ABNORMAL/PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES ARE THE INDIRECT CONSEQUENCE OF
BRANCHIAL DEGENERATION. A NUMBER OF POSSIBLE DEFENSIVE REACTIONS TO
DITHIOCARBAMATE POISONING, INCLUDING HETSRQSTASIS, PHAGOCYTOSIS,
ENCAPSULATION, ANO THE POSSIBLE PARTICIPATION OF RESERVE INCLUSION
CELLS ARE PROPOSED.
PAGE 13
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DQUGHTIE, DANIEL G., AND K. RANGA RAC. 1983. ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND
HISTQLQGICAL STUDY 0* DEGENERATIVE CHANGES LEADING TO 3LACK GILLS IN GRASS
SHRIMP £XPOS£0 TO A OITHIOCAR3AMATF. BIOCIDE. J. INVERTEBR. PATHOL.
4l(l>:33-50. CERL.G8 X36O.
I
PATHQL3GIC "MILKY" AND BROWN-BLACK GILLS OF GR4SS SHRIMP, PALAEMONETES
PUGIO, EXPOSED TO LOW LEVELS C5 TO 60 PP8) OF A 50?
PQTASSIUM-DIMETHYL3ITHIOCAR&4MATE 9IOCIOS CBUSAN-85) FOR 14 OAYS WERE
STUDIED USING LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. IN SHRIMP EXPOSED TO 5
PPS 8USAN-85. A GRADATION OF DEGENERATIVE CHANGES COULD BE ASCERTAINED
BOTH HITHIN THE GILLS OF INDIVIDUAL SHRIMP AND AMONG THE GILLS OF
DIFFERENT SHRIMP. PRIMARY DEGENERATIVE CHANGES, FIRST EVIDENT IN THE
APICAL EPITHELIUM OF THE LAMELLAR PLATES* INCLUDED: SWOLLEN
MITOCHONDRIA, DILATED ROUGH SNOOPLASMIC RETICULUM, THE APPEARANCE OF A
DENSE GRAINY MATERIAL WITHIN THE SUBCUTICULAR SPACES AND OF
PARACRYSTALLINg ELcMcNTS WITHIN TM5 EPITHELIAL CYTOPLASM, THE
FORMATION OF AUTOPHAGOSOMES, AND A LOSS OF MEMBRANE CONTINUITY.
GRANULAR HEMOCYTES MIGRATED INTO THE SUflCULTULAR SPACES AND APPEARED
TO PHAGOCYTOSE THE GRAINY MATERIAL, WHILE OTHER HEMOCYTES PHAGOCYTOSEO
AND ENCAPSULATED THE PATHOLOGICAL EPITHELIUM. LATER, THE LAMELLAR TIPS
BECAME CONGESTED WITH NUMEROUS INTERDIGITATING HEMOCYTES WHICH FORMED
A "PLUG". A NEW EPITHELIUM, DERIVED PARTLY FROM MITOSIS OF BASAL
LAMELLAR TISSUES, DEVELOPED SUBJACENT TO THE PLUG AND CONTRIBUTED TO
THE F3RMAION OF AM ABNORMAL AND SOMETIMES PERFORATED CUTICLE DURING
PREMQLT. AT ECDYSIS, THE HEMQCYTE PLUGS IN THE APICAL REGION QF THE
LAMELLA WERE SLOUGHED RESULTING IN MARKEDLY TRUNCATED AND SWOLLEN
LAMELLAE. THIS PROCESS OF PATHOLOGICAL LAMELLAR REDUCTION APPEARS TO
BE AN IMPORTANT DEFENCE MECHANISM IN RESPONSE TO BRANCHIAL TRAUMA
CAUSED BY EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS.
OOUGHTIE, DANIEL G., AND K. RANGA RAO. IN PREP. CUTICULAR LESIONS INDUCED
IN GRASS SHRIMP EXPOSED TO HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM. J. INVERTE8R. PATHOL. 24P.
(cRL.GB X434).
ADULT GRASS SHRIMP WERE EXPOSED TO FOUR CONCENTRATIONS <0.5, 1.0, 2.0,
4.0 PPM> OF HtXAVALSNT CHROMIUM FOR 28 DAYS. AT THE END OF THE
EXPOSURE PERIOD, OVfcR FIFTY PERCENT 'IF THE SURVIVING SHRIMP POSSESSED
CUTICULAR LESIONS THAT HAD MANY QF THE GROSS CHARACTERISTICS OF "SHELL
DISEASE". THESE LESIONS WERE USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH ARTICULATIONS OF
THE APPENDAGES AND ABDOMEN. FURTHERMORE, IT WAS FOUND THAT AT
INCREASING LEVELS OF CHROMIUM EXPOSURE, THERE WAS A PROPORTIONATE
INCREASE IN THE LOSS OF LIMBS SUCH THAT NEARLY 50f OF THE LIMBS WERE
LOST IN GRASS SHRIMP EXPOSED TO THE HIGHEST TEST CONCENTRATION QF
CHROMIUM. HISTOLOSICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL EXAMINATION OF NUMEROUS
LESIONS DEMONSTRATED A RANGE OF DEGENERATIVE FEATURES WITHIN THE
SU8CUTICULAR EPITHELIUM THAT INCLUDED CYTQPLASMIC VACUOLIZATION,
MITOCM3NORIAL SWELLING, CHROMATIN EMARGINATION AND THE PRESENCE OF
UNUSUAL NUCLEAR INCLUSIONS THAT APPEAR TO INDICATE DIRECT CHROMIUM
TOXICITY. ADDITIONALLY A MARKED RETARDATION IN NEW EPICUTICLE AND
EXOCUTICLE FORMATION WAS OBSERVED IN VIABLE TISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH
LESIONS IN LATE PREMOLT SHRIMP. IT IS PROPOSED THAT CHROMIUM
INTERFERES WITH THE NORMAL FUNCTIONS OF SUBCUTICULAR EPITHELIUM,
PARTICULARLY CUTICLE FORMATION, AND SUBSEQUENTLY CAUSES STRUCTURAL
WEAKNESSES OR PERFORATIONS TO DEVELOP IN THE CUTICLE OF NEWLY MOLTED
SHRIMP. BECAUSE OF THESE CHROMIUM-INDUCED EXOSKELETAL DEFICIENCIES, A
VIADUCT FOR PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS (E.G., BACTERIA) AND DIRECT CHROMIUM
INFLUX IS FORMED THAT PERPETUATES LESION DEVELOPMENT.
PAGE 14
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OQUGHTIE, DANIEL G.f AND K. SA^GA RAO. IN PREP. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE ANTtNNAL GLAND, MIDGUT, HEPATQPANCREAS» AND
GILL OF GRASS SHRIMP FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM. J.
INVERTtSR. PATHQL. 32P. ( = Rt,G8 X
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DUKE, THOMAS M. IN PRtP. POTENTIAL IMPACT 3F DRILLING FLUIDS ON ESTUARINE
PRODUCTIVITY. IN: PROCEEDINGS OF TH= INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE
UTILIZATION OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS: PLANNING, POLLUTION, AND PRODUCTIVITY,
NOV. 22-27, 1982, RIO GRANDE, BRAZIL. 35P. CERL.GB 449).
THIS PAPER DISCUSSES THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF DRILLING FLUIDS ON
SEMI-ENCLOSEO BODIES OF WATER SUCH AS ESTUARIES. DRILLING FLUIDS HAVE
3££N DISCHARGED INTO OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF WATERS FOR MANY YEARS BUT
THERE IS SOME CONCERN OF POTENTIAL ECOLOGICAL IMPACT WHEN DRILLING
FLUID ARE DISCHARGED NEAR CORAL REEFS OR IN BAYS AND ESTUARIES. THE
CONCERN IS BASED ON POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THE FLUIDS TO CORALS,
SHELLFISH, FISH, GRASS BEOS AND GENERAL PRODUCTIVITY. POTENTIAL
EFFECTS CAN BE EVALUATED THROUGH A HAZARD ASSESSMENT PROCESS THAT
INVOLVES EFFECTS AND EXPOSURE MEASUREMENTS. A SUGGESTED HAZARD
ASSESSMENT INVOLVING THE ADAPTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT APPROACH
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ERICKSON, S., E. OAVSY, M. MORGAN, AND A. SQPER. IN PRESS. EFFECTS OF LEAD
ON GENERATION TIM5 ANO 14C-UPTAKE IN SSTUARINE PHYTQPLANKTQN. J. PHYCOL.
(£RL,GB 139).
INHIBITION OF CELL DIVISION IN THALASSIQSIRA PSEUOONANA CCLQNE 13-1)
9Y LEAD, AS CONTAINED IN PBCL2, WAS STUDIED IN CULTURES GROWN AT 20
DEGREES C IN PASTEURIZED, MEM8RANE-FILTERED CO.22 MM) SEAWATER OF 28
TO 33 S/L SALINITY TAKEN SEASONALLY FROM CHARLESTON INLET, WASHINGTON
COUNTY, RHODE ISLAND. CONCENTRATIONS OF LEAD WERE FROM 25 TO 100 MG/L.
EFFECTS ON GENERATION TIME ANO 14C-UPTAKE OF NATURAL PHOSPHORUS AND
ADDED MITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, IRON AND MANGANESE WERE TESTED SINGLY ANO
IN COMBINATION. GENERATION TIME IN UNENRICHED SEAWATER RANGED FROM
10.2 TO 37.8 HR. LEAD INCREASED GENERATION TIME ANO DECREASED
14C-UPTAKE. RESPONSES VARIED WITH ORIGIN OF WATER SAMPLES. GENERATION
TIME WAS INCREASED 74? BY 100 MG/L, BUT THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS WERE
ELIMINATED 8Y ADDITION OF 3.09 MG/L. INHIBITION OF CELL DIVISION
APPEARS TO 8£ RELATED TO NUTRIENT LIMITATION CAUSED BY COMPLEXIMG OF
LEAD WITH PHOSPHORUS, MAKING PHOSPHORUS UNAVAILABLE FOR ALGAL GROWTH.
FEOERLE, THOMAS W.« MEREDITH A. HULLAR, ROBERT J. LIVINGSTON, OUANE A.
MEETER, ANO DAVID C. WHITE. 1983. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF BIOCHEMICAL
PARAMETERS INDICATING BIOMASS AND COMMUNITY COMPOSITION OF MICROBIAL
ASSEMBLIES IN ESTUARINE MUD FLAT SEDIMENTS. APPL. ENVIRON. MICROBIOL.
45Cl>:58-63. CERL.GB X371).
THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF COMMUNITIES WAS EXAMINED IN ESTUARINE MUD
FLAT SEDIMENTS BY THE BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LIPIOS AND LIPID
COMPONENTS EXTRACTED FROM THE SEDIMENTS. TOTAL PHOSPHOLIPIO WAS USED
AS A MEASURE OF TOTAL BIOMASS, AND FATTY ACIDS WERE USED AS INDICATORS
OF COMMUNITY COMPOSITION. COMPARISONS WERE MADE AMONG 2- BY 2-M
(LOCATION) ANO 0.2- BY 0.2-1 (CLUSTER) SAMPLING PLOTS 3Y USING A
NESTED ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TO DESIGN AN OPTIMAL SAMPLING STRATEGY TO
DEFINE THE MICROBIAL CONTENT OF A LARGE, RELATIVELY HOMOGENOUS AREA.
AT TWO OF THE THREE STATIONS* A 2- BY 2-M PLOT HAS REPRESENTATIVE OF
THE STATION* BUT 0*2- BY 0.2-M AREAS WERE IN NO CASE REPRESENTATIVE OF
THE STATION. THE BIOMASS MEASURED 3V THE EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHOLIPIO ANO
THE TOTAL LIPID PALMITIC ACID SHOWED EXCELLENT CORRELATION WITH THE
FATTY ACID "SIGNATURES* CHARACTERISTIC OF BACTERIA, BUT SHOWED A LOWER
CORRELATION WITH THE LONG-CHAIN POLYENOIC FATTY ACIDS CHARACTERISTIC
OF THE MICROFAUNA.
FEOERLE* THOMAS w.f ROBERT J. LIVINGSTON, OUANE A. MEETER, AND DAVID c.
WHITE. IN PREP. MODIFICATION OF ESTUARINE SEDIMENTARY HICR08IOTA BY
EXCLUSION OF TOP PREDATORS. SCIENCE. 10P. (ERL.G8 467).
IN AN ESTUARINE MUDFLAT, ANALYSIS OF THE LIPID COMPONENTS OF THE
SEDIMENTARY MICROBIOTA SHOWED REPRODUCIBLE SHIFTS IN THE COMMUNITY
COMPOSITION IN AREAS FROM WHICH TOP PREDATORS (FISH ANO CRABS) ARE
EXCLUDED. AFTER SIX WEEKS, THE MICROEUCARYOTES ANO CIS-VACCENIC ACID
CONTAINING MICROBES EXHIBITED SIGNIFICANT DECREASES IN THE EXCLUSION
ARfAS, MO VARIABLE DISPLAYED A SIGNIFICANT CAGE DIFFERENCE WITHIN THE
TREATMENTS. EXCLUDING LARG€ PREDATORS PROFOUNDLY AFFECTED THE
MICROBIOTA, POSSIBLY AS THE RESULT OF AN OBSERVED INCREASE IN THE
DENSITY OF THE DEPOSIT FEEDING POLYCHAETS, MEOIOMASTUS ANBISETA.
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FINDLAY, R03ERT H., A»«D D^VID C. WHITE. 1983. POLYMERIC
6ETA-HYQROXYALKANOATES FROM FNVIRQNMENTAL SAMPLES AND BACILLUS MEGATERIUM.
APPL. ENVIRON. MICROSIQL. 45Cl):71-73. CERL,G3 X380).
THE PR3CARYOTIC ENDOGENOUS STORAGE POLYMER KNOWN AS
POLY-3ETA-HYDROXYBUTYRAT5 IS ACTUALLY A MIXED POLYMER OF SHORT-CHAIN
8ETA-HYOROXY FATTY ACIDS. A METHOD PQR THE QUANTITATIVE RECOVERY OF
THIS MIXED P3LYMER, CALLED POLY-BETft-HYOROXYALKANQATE (PHA), WITH
ANALYSIS BY CAPILLARY GAS-LIQUID CHRQMATOGKAPHY SHOWED THE PRESENCE OF
AT LEAST 11 SHORT-CHAIN 8ETA-HYDROXY ACIOS IN POLYMERS EXTRACTED FROM
MARINE SEDIMENTS. POLYMERS EXTRACTED FROM BACILLUS MEGATHRIUM
MONOCULTURES WERE ALSO A COMPLEX MIXTURE OF BETA-HYOROXY ACIDS WITH
CHAIN LENGTHS BETWEEN FOUR AND EIGHT CARBONS. LYOPHILIIEO SEDIMENTS
WERE EXTRACTED IN A MODIFIED SOXHLET ESTRACTOR, AND THE POLYMER WAS
PURIFIED WITH ETHANOL AND DIETHYL ETHER WASHES. THE PURIFIED POLYMER
WAS TREATED WITH ETHANOL-CHLQROFORM-HYOROBCHLORIC ACID C8.5:2.5:1) FOR
4 H AT 100 DEGREES CELSIUS, A TREATMENT WHICH RESULTED IN THE
FORMATION OF THE ETHYL EST=RS OF THE TH£ CONSTITUENT 8ETA-HYDROXY
ACIDS, SUBSEQUENT ASSAY OF THE PRODUCTS BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
INDICATED EXCELLENT REPRODUCIBILITY AND SENSITIVITY (DETECTION LIMIT,
100 FMOL). DISTURBING SEDIMENTS MECHANICALLY OR ADDING NATURAL
CHELATQRS INCREASED ALL MAJOR PHA COMPONENTS RELATIVE TO THE BACTERIAL
BIOAMSS. GARDENING OF SEDIMENTARY MICROBES BY CLYMENELLA SP.» AN
ANNELID WORM, INDUCED DECREASES IN PHA, WITH CHANGES IN THE RELATIVE
PROPORTION OF COMPONENT BETA-HYDROXY ACIDS. THE CONCENTRATION OF PHA
RELATIVE TO THE 3ACTERIAL 8IOMASS CAN REFLECT THE RECENT METABOLIC
STATUS OF THE MICROBIQTA.
GAETZ, CHARLES T. , RICHARD MONTGOMERY, AND THOMAS W. DUKE. IN PREP.
TOXICITY OF PHASIC COMPONENTS OF USED DRILLING FLUIDS TO THE MYSIO MYSIOOPSIS
CABSTRACT). ENVIRON. TOXICOL. CHEM. (?RL,GB 483).
TO ASSESS THE TOXICITY OF "USED*1 DRILLING MUDS, STATIC ACUTE BIOASSAYS
WERE CONDUCTED ON THE ESTUARINE MYSID SHRIMP, MYSIOOPSIS BAHIA, USING
80TH WHOLE DRILLING MUD AND THREE PHASES OF EACH MUD: A LIQUID PHASE
WITH ALL PARTICULATE MATERIALS REMOVED, A SUSPENDED PARTICULATE PHASE
COMPOSED OF SOLUBLE AND LIGHTER PARTICULATE FRACTIONS, AND A SOLID
PHASE COMPOSED MAINLY OF DRILL CUTTINGS AND RAPIDLY SETTLING
PARTICULARS. THE 11 DRILLING MUDS TESTED WERE OBTAINED FROM ACTIVE
DRILLING PLATFORMS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO, U.S.A. AND REPRESENT SEVEN
OF THE EIGHT GENERIC MUD TYPES DESCRIBED BY THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY. THE LOWEST 96-HOUR LC50 VALUES FOR M. BAHIA WERE:
WHOLE MUD, 26 UL/LJ LIQUID PHASE, 23,300 JL/LJ SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
PHASE, i«5 UL/L; SOLID PHASE, 1456 MG/L. THESE TOXICITY VALUES ARE
BELIEVED TO BE DUE, TO A GREAT EXTENT, TO DIESEL OIL PRESENT IN THE
MUDS. THE CORRELATION BETWEEN DIESEL CONTENT AND WHOLE MUD TOXICITIES
WAS 0.72, FURTHERMORE, ONE OF THE MUOS SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF
TOXICITY WITH TIME, PRESUMABLE FROM VOLATILIZATION OF THE AROMATIC
FRACTIONS. WE SHOW THE DIFFICULTY IN PREDICTING TOXICITY OF MUDS BASED
ON GENERIC CLASSIFICATION WHEN DIESEL IS PRESENT.
PAGE 18
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GAETZ, CHARLES T., AND COLLARD 8. SNEEO. IN PRESS. LABORATORY CULTURE AND
OBSERVATIONS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE 3IOLOGY 3F THE MARINE PELAGIC ISOPOOt IDOTEA
METALLICA (CRUSTACEA; ISOPQDA). MAR. BIOL. CERLtG8 153).
LABORATORY CULTURE OF THc MARINE P5LAGIC ISOPOO, IOOTEA METALLICA, IS
DESCRIBED. I. METftLLICA WaS REARED THROUGH MULTIPLE GENERATIONS AND
OBSERVATIONS WERE MADE ON ITS REPRODUCTUVE 8IOLOGY. THESE DATA ARE
COMPARED WITH THOSE Q3TAINEO 3Y OTHERS FOR THIS AND RELATED SPECIES.
FEMALE I. METALLICA ARE CAPA8L5 OF PRODUCING SEQUENTIAL 8RQOOS IN THE
LABORATORY WITHOUT PASSING THROUGH INTERVENING NON-REPRODUCTIVE
INTtRMOLT PERIODS. MEAN BROOD SIZE IS 33 AND THE MEAN PERIOD BETWEEN
EGG FERTILIZATION AND JUVENILE RELEASE IS 16 TO 17 DAYS. JUVENILES
EMERGE FROM THE MARSUPIUM 1.5 TO 2.0 MM IN LENGTH AND BEGIN FEEDING
IMMEDIATELY. SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IS EVIDENT IN 25 TO 30 DAYS AT WHICH
TIME ISOPODS ARE 6.0 TO 7.5 MM IN LENGTH. SEXUAL MATURITY is ATTAINED
WHEN ISOPOOS REACH 10 TO 12 MM, RESULTING IN A GENERATION TIME OF 80
TO 85 DAYS.
GILBERT, T.R. 1983. SURVEY OF THE TOXICITISS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF
USED DRILLING MUDS: DATA SUMMARY, JANUARY 1, 1933. 31P. (ERL.GB X465).
THE DATA PRESENTED IN THIS SUMMARY ARE THE RESULTS OF A ONE-YEAR STUDY
OF THE TOXICITIES ANO CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF USED DRILLING FLUIDS. A
MORE COMPLETE FINAL REPORT WILL 8E SUBMITTED IN FEBRUARY 1983. THE
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THIS PROJECT WERE TO DEVELOP A SENSITIVE
SU8LETHAL LARVAL BIOASSAY TO TEST LIQUID PHASE AND SUSPENDED
SOLID-PHASE DRILLING FLUIO-SEAWATER MIXTURES ANO TO DEVELOP A NOVEL
SOLID-PHASE BIOASSAY SASED ON LARVAL SETTLING. MERCENARIA MERCENARIA
LARVAE WAS USED AS THE TEST ORGANISM IN ALL THE EXPERIMENTS. IN
ADDITION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED TO HELP ELUCIDATE THE
COMPOSITION OF USED DRILLING FLUIDS AND HOPEFULLY TO IDENTIFY THE
TOXIC COMPONENTS. THE PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS IS DIVIDED INTO
THREE SECTIONS. FIRST, THE RESULTS OF LIQUID ANO SUSPENDED SOLID-PHASE
8IOASSAYS ARE PRESENTED. SECOND, THE RESULTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSES ARE
GIVEN. IN THE SECTION THE CONCENTRATION ANO CHEMICAL FORMS OF SEVERAL
ELEMENTS IN THE DRILLING FLUID-SEAHATER MIXTURES ARE PRESENTED IN
TA8L6 II THROUGH VI. THIS IS FOLLOWED f«Y SULK CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
WHOLE DRILLING FLUID USED IN THESE STUDIES (TABLE VII). TABLES VIII
ANO IX CONTAIN DATA ON ORGANIC COMPONENTS IN THE WHOLE MUDS INCLUDING
* 2 DIESEL FUEL CONTENT. THE THIRD AND FINAL SECTION OF THIS REPORT
COVERS THE WORK DONE ON THE SOLID-PHASE BIOASSftY, USING LARVAL
SETTLING.
PAGE 19
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GOOOMAN, L.R., O.J. HANSEN, D.P. MIDOAUGH, G.M. CRIPEt AMD J.C. MOORE. IN
PREP. METHOD FOR EARLY LI*E-STAGE TOXICITY TESTS USING THREE ATHSRINID
FISHES A*D RESULTS WITH CHLQRPYRI*0S. IN: AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY AND HAZARD
ASSESSMENT, ASTM SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM ON AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY, AMERICAN SOCIETY
FOR TESTING AND MATIE3IALS, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 20?. (ERL.G8 476).
WE HAVE DSVELOPED METHODS FOR OBTAINING E16RYOS AND CONDUCTING EARLY
LIFE-STAGE TOXICITY TESTS (CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE FROM THE EMBRYONIC
STAGE TO APPROXIMATELY THREE WEEKS OR MORE INTO THE EXOGENOUS FEEDING
STAGE) WITH THREE ESTUARINE SPSCIES Oc ATH5RINID FISHES. EARLY
LIFE-STAGE TESTS WERE CONDUCTED FOR 28-0 WITH MENIDIA 8ERYLLINA, M.
MENIOIA, AND M. PENINSULAE AND THE INSECTICIDE CHLORPYRIFQS. RESPONSES
OF THE THREE SPECIES WERE VERY SIMILAR: UPPER CHRONIC VALUES
("EFFECT" CONCENTRATIONS) RANGED FROM 0.48 TO 1.8 UG CMLQRPYRIFQS/L AD
LOWER CHRONIC VALUES ("NO EFFECT" CONCENTRATIONS) RANGED FROM 0.28 TO
0,75 UG/L. CHLORPYRIFOS EXPOSURE 010 NOT AFFECT SURVIVAL OF EMBRYOS
AND HATCHED FISHES AVERAGED 51% AND FISH WEIGHTS AVERAGED 23 HG; FOR
M. PENINSULAE, 69% AND 13.6 MG: AND FOR M. 8ERYLLINA, 31% AND 8.7 MG.
8IOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (CONCENTRATION IN WHOLE BODY/AVERAGE MEASURED
CONCENTRATION IN WATER) AVSRAGeD 220 FOR M. BERYLLINA, 460 FOR M.
PENINSULAE, AND PROBABLY LESS THAN 420 FOR M. MENIDIA. FROM THESE
THREE SPECIES, TOXICOLOGISTS MAY SELECT AN ATLANTIC OR GULF COAST
SPECIES THAT OCCURS IN EITHER HIGH OR LOW SALINITY.
GOODMAN, LARRY ft., DOUGLAS P. MIDDAUGH, DAVID J. HANSEN, PEGGY K. HIGDON, AND
GERALDINE M. CRIPE. IN PREP. METHOD FOR EARLY LIFE-STAGE TOXICITY TESTS
WITH THE TIDEWATER SILVERSIDE (MENIOIA PENINSULAE) ANO RESULTS OBTAINED WITH
CHLORINE PRODUCED OXIDANTS. AQUAT. TQXICOL. 15P. (€RL,GB 466).
EARLY LIFE-STAGE TOXICITY TESTS (CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE FROM EMBRYONIC
STAGE TO APPROXIMATELY THREE WEEKS OR MORE INTO THg EXOGENOUS FEEDING
STAGE) WITH NORTH AMERICA MARINE FISHES HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED ALMOST
EXCLUSIVELY WITH CYPRINOOONTIDS. IN THIS PAPER, WE PRESENT METHODS FOR
TESTING A REPRESENTATIVE OF AN ADDITIONAL FAMILY, ATHERINIOAE, EMBRYOS
OF THE TIDEWATER SILVERSIOE, MENIOIA PENINSULAE* WERE OBTAINED BY A
LABORATORY SPAWNING PROCEDURE THAT REQUIRED LIGHTING ANO TIDAL
(CURRENT) CUES. THE 28-DAY TOXICITY TEST WITH CHLORINE PRODUCED
OXIDANTS
-------
GOODMAN, L.R. IN PRtSS. CHRONIC TOXICITY OF ORGANOPHOSPHQRUS PESTICIDES TO
ESTUARINE FISH (ABSTRACT). PRESENTED AT THE SYMPOSIUM ON QRGANOPHOSPHORUS
PESTICIDES IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT, JUNE 7-9, 1981, DUKE UNIVERSITY MARINE
LABORA. (ERL,G3 568).
TWO TYPES OF TOXICITY TESTS OF DIFFERING DURATIONS AND DIFFERENT
ENOPOINTS ARE FREQUENTLY USED TO DETERMINE THE CHRONIC EFFECTS OF
PESTICIDES TO FISHES. THE LIFE-CYCLE TOXICITY TEST IS THREE TO NINE
MONTHS LONG AND MEASURES EFFECTS ON SURVIVAL, GROWTH, 8NO REPRODUCTION
TO DETERMINE MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE TOXICANT CONCENTRATIONS (MATC'S; "SAFE
CONCENTRATION"). THE EARLY LIFE STAGE TOXICITY TEST IS FOUR WEEKS
LONGt MEASURES EFFECTS ON SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF EMBRYOS AMD FRY, AND
IS USED TO DERIVE AND ESTIMATE OF THE MATC. FOR THE ESTUARINE
SHcEPSHEAD MINNOW, CYPRINOOON VARISGATUS, ESTIMATED MATC'S FOR
PHORATS, CARBOPMENOTHION, CHLORPYRIFOS» 3R ETHOPROP AND MATC'S FOR
OIAZINDN, EPN, OR MALATHIOM RANGED FROM LESS THAN 0.47 MG/L TO BETWEEN
12 AND 21 MG/L. APPLICATION FACTORS (MATC DIVIDED BY 96-HR LC50)
RANGED FROM LESS THAN 0.0003 TO BETWEEN 0.46 AND 1.0. THE MOST
SENSITIVE RESPONSES NOTEO IN EARLY LIFE STAGE TOXICITY TESTS WITH
THESE PESTICIDES W€R£ EITHER REDUCED SURVIVAL, REDUCED GROWTH, OR
8QTH. THE MOST SENSITIVE RESPONSE IN THE DIAZINON EXPERIMENT WAS
REDUCED FECUNDITY OF FISH WHOSE BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (ACHE)
ACTIVITY WAS 79? OF NORMAL OR LESS. IN THE EPN EXPERIMENT, THE MOST
SENSITIVE CHRONIC RESPONSES WERE REDUCED SURVIVAL, GROWTH, AND
FERTILITY OF EGGS PRODUCED 3Y FISH WHOSE 3RAIN ACHE ACTIVITY WAS 14*
OF NORMAL. RESULTS OF THESE TESTS WITH ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES
DEMONSTRATED THAT (1) THEY CAN 3E CHRONICALLY TOXIC AT LOW MG/L
CONCENTRATIONS* (2) THE MOST SENSITIVE RESPONSE CAN BE REDUCED
SURVIVAL, GROWTH, REPRODUCTION, OR A COMBINATION OF THESE, AND (3)
EFFECTS CAN OCCUR IN FISH THAT EXHIBIT A WIDE RANGE OF BRAIN ACHE
ACTIVITY.
HANSEN, DAVID J., LARRY R. GOODMAN, JAMES C. MOORE, AND PEGGY K. HIGDON.
1983. EFFECTS OF THE SYNTHETIC PYRETHRQIOS AC 222, 705, PERMETHRIN, AND
FSNVALERATE ON SHEEPSHgAD MINNOWS IN EARLY LIFE-STAGE TOXICITY TESTS.
ENVIRON. TOXICOL. AND CHgM. 2(2) :251-258. (ERL,GB 462).
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS (CYPRINOOON VARIEGATUS) WERE EXPOSED TO THE
SYNTHETIC PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES AC 222t 705, FENVALERATE AND
PERMETHRIN FOR 28 DAYS IN EARLY LIFE STAGE TOXICITY TESTS. AC 222, 705
WAS 370 TIMES MORE TOXIC THAN PERMETHRIN AND 30 TIMES MORE TOXIC THAN
FENVALERATE WITH SURVIVAL AND SIZE OF NEWLY HATCHED FISH BEING THE
MOST SENSITIVE MEASURE OF EFFECT. AC 222, 70S REDUCED SURVIVAL OF
HATCHED FISH 0.61 UG/L AND AVERAGE HEIGHT AT 0.06 UG NO EFFECTS WERE
DETECTED AT 0.03 UG/L. TWO OF THE AC 222, 705 CONCENTRATIONS THAT
DIMINISHED WEIGHTS, 0.06 AND 0.12 UG/L, WERE BELOW OUR LIMITS OF
CHEMICAL DETECTION, 0.15 UG/L. PERMETHRIN REDUCED SURVIVAL OF HATCHED
FISH AT 22 US/LJ NO EFFECTS WERE DETECTED AT 10 UG/L. FENVALERATE
REDUCED SURVIVAL OF HATCHED FISH AR 3.9 UG/L AND BOTH WEIGHT AND
LENGTH AT 2.2 UG/L; NO EFFECTS WERE DETECTED AT o.56 UG/L. PERMETHRIN
REDUCED SURVIVAL OF HATCHED FISH AT 22 UG/L AND NO EFFECTS WERE
DETECTED AT 10 UG/L. THE QUOTIENT OF THE 96-HR LC50 DIVIDED BY THE
NO-EFFECT CONCENTRATION WAS 0.8 FOR PERMETHRIN, 9 FOR FENVALERATE AND
37 FOR AC 222, 705. THE MEAN BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS, CONCENTRATIONS
HfASUREO IN WHOLE FISH DIVIDED BY CONCENTRATIONS MEASURED IN EXPOSURE
HATERt WERE 480 FOR PERMETHRIN AND 570 FOR FEVALERATE; AC 222. 705 WAS
NOT DETECTED IN FISH THAT SURVIVED THE EXPOSURE.
PACE 21
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HANSEN, DAVID J. IN PREP. UTILITY OF TOXICITY TESTS TO MEASURE EFFECTS OF
SUBSTANCES ON MARINE ORGANISMS. IN: PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE ON MEANINGFUL
MEASURES OF MARINE POLLUTION EFFECTS, APRIL 23-29, 1982, PENSACOLA BEACH, FL.
U.S. NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION. CERL.GS 456).
DISCUSSIONS IN THIS PAPER WILL EMPHASIZE ACUTE, EARLY LIFE-STAGE, LIFE
CYCLfc ANO COMMUNITY TOXICITY TESTS WITH MARINE CESTUARINE OR OCEANIC)
SPECIES AS CONDUCTED AT THE U.S. EPA ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
AT GULF S3EEZE, FLORIDA. THESE TESTS ARE EMPHASIZED BECAUSE OF THEIR
IMPORTANCE IN THE HAZARD EVALUATION PROCESS, AS DISCUSSED IN WORKSHOP
PROCEEDINGS BY CAIRNS ET AL. C1978) AND DICKSON ET AL. (1979).
INDIVIDUAL PAPERS PUBLISHED IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF THESE TWO WORKSHOPS
DETAIL HAZARD EVALUATION TECHNIQUES USED 8Y THE AMERICAN ISTITUTE OF
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE, AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS,
MONSANTO COMPANY, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGNECY AND BY JAPANESE
ANO FRENCH SCIENTISTS. IN ADDITION, TESTING REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFECTS
ASSESSMENTS HAVE BEEN RECENTLY IDENTIFIED FOR DEVELOPMENTAL OF WATER
QUALITY CRITERIA 8Y THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY C1980A)
ANO THE U.S. ARMY (PEARSON AND GLENNON, 1979).
HAYES, MILES 0., ERICH R. GUNOLACH, GEOFFREY I, SCOTT, R. CRAIG SHIPP,
JACQUELINE MICHEL, KENNETH FINKELSTEIN, AND WILLIAM P. DAVIS. IN PREP. THE
PECK SLIP OIL SPILL: A PRELIMINARY REPORT, j. ROBINSON, EDITOR, u.s.
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, BOULDER, CO. 257P. CERL.G8
X429).
HENDRICKS, J. 0., T. R. MEYERS, AND D. W. SHELTON. IN PRESS. HISTOLOGIC
PROGRESSION DF HEPATIC NEOPLASMS IN RAINBOW TROUT CSALMO GAIRDNERI). IN:
PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON THE USE OF SMALL FISH SPECIES IN CARCINOGENCITY
TESTING. U.S. NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. (ERL.GB X353).
HINTON, DAVID £„, ANO JOHN A. COUCH. IN PREP. PATHQBIOLOGICAL MEASURES OF
MARINE POLLUTION EFFECTS. IN: PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE ON MEANINGFUL
MEASURES OF MARINE POLLUTION EFFECTS, APRIL 26-29, 1982, PENSACQLA BEACH, FL.
U.S. NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION. 25P. CERL.GB 475).
THE INTENT OF THIS REVIEW IS TO DISCUSS THE MAJOR CATEGORIES OF
PATHOBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND TO PRESENT STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF
EACH. WHERE APPROPRIATE, EXAMPLES FROM THE AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
LITERATURE ARE CITED. FIINALLY, THE APPLICATION OF THE PATHOBIOLOGIC
APPROACH TO FIELD STUDIES ANO THE IMPORTANCE OF FINDINGS IN AQUATIC
SPECIES TO OTHER SPECIES INCLUDING MAN IS DISCUSSED.
PAGE 22
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KENDALL, J.J.i E.N. POWELL, S.J. CONNOR, ANO T.J. BRIGHT. 1993. EFFECTS OF
DRILLING FLUIDS
-------
MARTIN, 3.J., R.D. ELL5NOER, S.A. HlLLEBERT, AND M.M. GUESS. IN PREP.
PRIMARY CELL CULTURES -ROM THE TELEOST, CYPRINQDON VARIEGATUS: CULTURE
ESTABLISMENT AND APPLICATION IN CARCINOGEN EXPOSURE STUDIES. IN!
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE USE OF SMALL CISH SPECIES IN
CARCINOGENICITY TESTING, 3ETH5SJA, MARYLAND, DECEMBER 3-10, 1981. U.S.
NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. ZSP. CSRL.GB X260).
METHODS WERE DEVELOPED TO MAINTAIN C. VARIEGATUS FRY ASEPTICALLY FOR
EXTENDED PERIODS. PRELIMINARY STUDIES INDICATED THAT UNOER OPTIMUM
CONDITIONS STrRILE EMBRYOS DEVELOP NORMALLY FOR A SUFFICIENT TIME TO
FUNCTION AS CARCINOGEN/TER4TOGEN ASSAY SYSTEMS. AN EMBRYO-PRIMARY CELL
CULTURE TECHNIQUE WAS DEVELOPED THAT INCORPORATES, IN A SINGLE SYSTEM,
CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF 30TH INTACT EM8RYOS AND PRIMARY CELL
CULTURES, ALLOWING SIMULTANEOUS OBSERVATION OF THE EFFECTS OF
CARCINOGENS ON THE WHOLE ORGANISM ANO PRIMARY CELL MONOLAYERS. THE
EFFECTIVE USE OF THESE SYSTEMS PROVIDES THE OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY THE
EFFECTS OF CARCINOGENS ON TELEOSTS AT THE CELLULAR AND ORGANISMIC
LEVEL.
MCKENNEY, CHARLES L., JR. IN PREP. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PHYSIOLOGICAL
ALTERATIONS AND POPULATION CHANGES IN AN ESTUARINE MYSID DURING CHRONIC
EXPOSURE TO A PESTICIDE. TO BE PRESENTED AT THE 6TH SYMPOSIUM ON POLLUTION
AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MARINE ORGANISMS, NOV. 1-3, 1983, MYSTIC, CT. CERL.GB
495).
A NUMBER OF VITAL LIFE PROCESSES OF AN ESTUARINE MYSIO CMYSIDOPSIS
3AHIA) WERE EXAMINED THROUGHOUT ITS LIFE CYCLE DURING EXPOSURE TO THE
THIOCARBAMATE HERBICIDE, THIOBENCARB. INITIAL EXPOSURE OF JUVENILE
MYSIOS TO THIOBENCARB RESULTED IN ELEVATED RESPIRATION RATES.
CONCENTRATION OF THIOBENCARB THAT PRODUCED SIGNIFICANT REDUCTIONS IN
POPULATION SURVIVAL THROUGH A COMPLETE LIFE CYCLE CIN APPROXIMATELY Z4
DAYS) SIGNIFICANTLY STIMULATED RESPIRATION RATES OF JUVENILES AFTER
ONLY 4 DAYS OF EXPOSURE. INCREASED METABOLIC DEMANDS WITH SUBLETHAL
THIOBENCARB EXPOSURE REDUCED THE AMOUNT OF ASSIMILATED ENERGY
AVAILABLE FOR PRODUCTION OF NEW TISSUE BY JUVENILE MYSIOS, RESULTING
IN RETARDED JUVENILE GROWTH RATES. HIGHER 0:N RATIOS DURING THE
MATURATION OF THI08ENCARB-EXPOSEO MYSIDS SUGGEST A GREATER RELIANCE ON
THE MORE ENERGY-RICH LIPIO SUBSTRATES IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THE ELEVATED
RATES OF QXIOATIVE METABOLISM, RESULTING IN LESS LIPID MATERIAL BEING
AVAILABLE FOR GAMETE PRODUCTION.
PAGE 24
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MCKtNNEY, CH4RLES L. IN PREP. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MYSIDOPSIS BAHIA
EXPOSED THROUGH AN ENTIRE LIFE CYCLE TO AN ORGANIC TOXICANT (ABSTRACT).
CSRL.GB 455).
DISCUSSIONS AND P3ESENT4TIONS IN THE TOXICITY TEST SESSIOM INDICATED
THAT MEASUREMENTS OF T3XICITY AT THE SINGLc AND MULTISPECIES,
COMMUNITY AND SYSTEM LEVELS ARE USEFUL IN RANKING CHEMICALS BY THEIR
TOXICITY AND IN H4ZARO EVALUATIONS. HOWEVER, RELATING THE RESULTS OF
THOSE TESTS DIRECTLY TO TH£ ENVIRONMENT IS ESPECIALLY RISKY WHEN: 1)
THE MANNER IM WHICH LABORATORY ORGANISMS ARE EXPOSED TO POLLUTANTS
DIFFER FROM EXPOSURE IN THE ENVIRONMENT, 2) LABORATORY TESTS DEAL WITH
SINGLE CHEMICALS AND ORGANISMS ARE EXPOSED TO COMPLEX MIXTURES IN THE
ENVIRONMENT, 3) CRITERIA FOR EFFECTS IM THE LABORATORY ARE NOT
IMPORTANT FUNCTIONAL END-POINTS IN POPULATION AND SYSTEM DYNAMICS. THE
DOMINANT THEME OF THIS CHAPTER IS THE NECESSITY FOR AN APPROPRIATE
BALANCE BETWEEN LA30RATORY ANO FIELO STUDIES. THE NEED FOR THIS
BALANCE IS EASILY ARTICULATED 8UT WILL REQUIRE CONCERTED EFFORT TO
IMPLEMENT.
MEADOR, C.3., B.L. MIDOLEBRQOKS, AND B.J. MARTIN. IN PRESS. SEROLOGIC
ALTERATIONS IN CARCINOGEN-EXPOSE!) TELEOSTS: PROCEDURES FOR PREPARATION ANO
ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SMALL FISH. IN: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON
THE USE OF SMALL FISH SPECIES IN CARCINOGENICITY TESTING, BETHESDA, MARYLAND,
DECEMBER 8-10, 1981. U.S. NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. 36P. (ERL,GB X261).
IN ORDER TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS ON THE
IMMUNE SYSTEM OF CYPRINODON VARIEGATUS, IT WAS NECESSARY TO
MINIATURIZE OR MODIFY STANDARD IMMUNOLOGICAL PROCEDURES, DUE TO THE
SMALL SIZE OF THE FISH. MODIFICATIONS IN STANDARD BLEEDING PROCEDURES
ALLOWED COLLECTION OF SUFFICIENT SERUM TO PERFORM MOST SEROLOGICAL
PROCEDURES. SERUM ELECTROPHORESIS SHOWED CONSIDERABLE VARIATON BETWEEN
EXPOSED AND UNEXPQSED FISH AS DID QUALITATIVE IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
TECHNIQUES. A BACTERIOPHAGE NEUTRALIZATION PROCEDURE WAS SUCCESSFULLY
ADAPTED FOR USE WITH THE C. VARI5GATUS SYSTEM TO MEASURE ANTIVIRAL
ANTIBODIES. THE PRESENCE OF ANTIBODY-FORMING CELLS IN SPLEEN
SUSPENSIONS FROM FISH IMMUNIZED WITH HUMAN TYPE 0 ERYTHROCYTES WAS
DEMONSTRATED BY A MODIFIED IMMUNE ROSETTE PROCEDURE. A CAPILLARY TUBE
PROCEDURE WAS DEVELOPED FOR SEPARATION OF LEUCOCYTES FOM ERYTHROCYTES
IN BLOOD DEVELOPED FOR SEPARATION OF LEUCOCYTES FROM ERYTHROCYTES IN
BLOOD FROM C. VARIEGATUS.
PAGE 25
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MEHUSt PAUL. IN PRESS. COMPARATIVE BENZQCA>PYR£NE METABOLITE PATTERNS IN
FISH AND 300ENTS. IN: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE USE OF SMALL FISH
SPECIES IN CARCINOGENICITf TESTING, B^THESDA, MARYLAND, DECEMBER 9-10, 1981.
U.S. NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. PYREN£ IS CONVERTED TO 3-HYOROXY8ENZCK A)-PYRENE,
9-HYOROXY8ENZOCA)PYR£N?, 4,5-8SNZQCd)PYRENe-QIHYDROOIOL,
7,8-8£NZaCA)PYRENEOIHYaRaoiOL, 9,lO-BENZOCA)-PYREN£OIHVDRODIOL AND
3ENZOCA)PYRENE QUINONES 3Y POST MITOCHONDRIAL SUPERNATANT OR
MICROSOM5S IN SUCH FISH AS THE RAINBOW TROUT FLOUNDER, SALMON, MULLET,
LITTLE SKATE, PUNDULUS GRANDIS AND SEA CATFISH. IT IS ALSO NOW
WELL-ESTABLISHED THAT MANY *ISH CONVERT 3ENZOCA)PYR£NE TO POTENT
MUTAGEMIC MTE30LIT£S AS HAS SEEN DEMONSTATSD USING THE AMES TEST,
ESPECIALLY WHEN THE FISH ARE INDUCED WITH ARQCLOR OR
3-METHYLCHOLANTHREME, THE METUBOLITE PATTERNS OBTAINED AT DIFFERENT
SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION LEVELS INDICATE THAT THE METABOLISM IS MORE
COMPLEX AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS WHERE RECYCLING OF METABOLITES IS
PRODUCED IN THE IN VITRO SYSTEM.
MEYERS, T.R.f AND J.D. HENDRICKS. IN PRESS. HISTOPATHOLOGY OF FOUR
SPONTANEOUS NEOPLASMS IN THREE SPECIES OF SALMONID FISHES. J. FISH DIS.
CERLtGB X358).
MEYERS, T.R., AND J.O. HENORICKS. IN PRESS. LIMITED EPIZOOTIC OF
GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA IN COHO SALMON REARED IN CHLORINATED-DECMLORINATSO
WATER. J. NATL. CANCER INST. CERL,G3 X401).
NIDOAUGH, DOUGLAS P., H.W. KOHL, AND L.E. BURNETT. 1983. CONCURRENT
MEASUREMENT OF INTERTIDAL ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND EMBRYO SURVIVAL FOR THE
CALIFORNIA GRUNION, LEURESTHES TENUIS AND ATLANTIC SILVERSIDE, MENIDIA
MENIDIA (PISCES: ARTHERINIDAE). CALIF. FISH GAME. 69(2):89-96. DETRITAL MATS, AND 3) THE STEMS ANO PRIMARY
LEAVES OF CORDGRASS, SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA. THESE SUBSTRATES PROVIDED
EMBRYOS WITH VARYIMG DEGREES OF PROTECTION FROM THERMAL AND
DESICCATION STRESSES. DAILY SURVIVAL Of EMBRYOS LOCATED 15 CM DEEP IN
ABANDONED CRAB BURROWS AVERAGED 88%. SURVIVAL WAS LESS, 76% AT THE
ENTRANCE. DAILY SURVIVAL AVERAGED 9*% AT THE SURFACE OF OETRITAL MATS
AND AT tHf AXIS OF STENS AND PRIMARY LEAVES OF CORDGRASS. SURVIVAL WAS
LOWER AT OTHER LOCATIONS ON THESE SUBSTRATES.
PAGE 2*
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MIDDAUGH, DOUGLAS P., AND TORU TAKITA. 1983. TIDAL AND DIURNAL SPAWNING
CUES IN THE ATLANTIC SILVERSIO-, MsNIDIA MENIQIA. ENVIRON. 3IOL. FISH,
8(25:97-104. CERLtGB 150).
FIELD AND LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS REVEALED TIDAL AND DIURNAL CUES FOR
SPAWNING IN THE ATLANTIC SILVERSIQE, MENIDIA MENIOIA. IN THE FIELD,
SPAWNING RUNS 3EGA>I NE4R THE TIME OF DAYTIME HIGH TIDES AT FLOOD TIDE
VELOCITIES RANGING FROM 3 TO 16, X 11 CM SEC -1. SPAWNING RUNS ENDED
AT E83 TIDE VELOCITIES RANGING FROM 5 TO 22. X 17 CM SEC -1. IN THE
LABORATORY M. MENIDIA WERE REARED FROM EMBRYOS TO SEXUAL MATURITY IN
10 MONTHS (APRIL 1979 TO JANUARY 1980). DURING THIS TIME,
APPROXIMATELY 50 FISH WERE HELD IN EACH OF TWO, 1 M DIAMETER TANKS. A
PUMP WAS USED TO MAINTAIN A CONSTANT CURRENT VELOCITY OF 8 CM SEC -1
IN THE HOLDING TANKS. WATER TEMPERATURE RANGED FROM 16 TO 25 DEGREES C
t THE SALINITY WAS 30 PLUS OR MINUS 2 PPT. FISH WERE FED TETRA-MIN
FLAKe FOOD AND ART5MIA NAUPLII EACH DAY. DURING JANUARY 1980, THE
SEAWATER CIRCULATION PUMP WAS TURNED OFF TWICE DAILY FOR ONE HOUR,
1200 TO 1300 AND 2400 TO 0100. CURRENT VEL3CITIES DECREASED FROM 8 CM
SEC -1 TO 0.0 CM SEC -1 DURING THESE P5RI03S. M. MiENIOIA HELD UNDER A
24 H LIGHT: o H DARL (24L:oo) PHOTOPERIOO SPAWNED FROM 1200 TO 1300
AND 2400 TO 0100 IN RESPONSE TO DECREASED CURRENT VELOCITIES.
MODIFICATION OF THE PHOTOPSRIOO TO 14L:iOD (WITH THE CIRCULATING PUMP
TURNED OFF FROM 1200 TO 1300 AND 2400 AND 0100) RESULTED IN SPAWNING
BETWEEN 0500 AND 0600 IN RESPONSE TO "LIGHTS-ON" AND AT 1200 TO 1300
IN RESPONSE TO DECREASED CURRENT VELOCITIES. NO SPAWNING OCCURRED WHEN
CURRENT VELOCITIES DECREASED TO 0.0 CM SEC -1 BETWEEN 0400 AND 0100
DURING DARKNESS.
MIDOAUGH, DOUGLAS P., R.G. DOMEY, AND G.I. SCOTT. IN PREP. REPRODUCTIVE
RHYTHMICITY IN THE ATLANTIC SILVERSIDE, MENIOIA MSNIDIAt (PISCES:
ATMERINIDAE). TRANS. AM. FISH. SQC. 31P. (ERL.GB 491).
THE REPRODUCTIVE PERIODICITY OF THE ATLANTIC SILVERSIDE, MENIOIA
MENIOIA, WAS STUDIED AT TWO LOCATIONS ON THE NORTH EDISTO RIVER
ESTUARY IN SOUTH CAROLINA DURING MARCH - JULY OF 1976-1978. SPAWNING
RUNS OCCURRED IN THE UPPER INTERTIOAL ZONE AND COINCIDED PRECISELY
WITH DAYTIME HIGH TIDES. TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF DAILY CHANCES IN THE
INTENSITY OF SPAWNING RUNS REVEALED A FORTNIGHTLY REPRODUCTIVE
PERIODICITY. ADDITIONAL ANALYSES INDICATE THAT THE OBSERVED
REPRODUCTIVE RHYTHMICITY IN M. MENIOIA HAY BE MEDIATED BY A HIGH
TIOE-SUNRISE CUE THAT ALSO OCCURS AT FORTNIGHTLY INTERVALS.
CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS BETWEEN EMPIRICAL FIELD DATA AND A
THEORETICAL FOURIER HARMONIC SERIES INCREASED AS THE NUMBER OF
HARMONICS INCREASED FROM 35 (R * 0.66, P IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO
0.001) TO 140 CR = 0.86, P IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.001).
iXANXNATION OF THE OVARIES AND TESTES OF SEXUALLY MATURE INDIVIDUALS
COLLECTED N f8 DAYS DURING THE 1976-1977 REPRODUCTIVE SEASON INDICATED
HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS (P IS LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.01)
AMONG THE MALE GONADAL INDEX, FEMALE GQNAOAL INDEX, AND THE OCCURRENCE
OF INTERMEDIATE, MATURING AND HYORATED EGG STAGES IN FEMALES.
PAGE 2?
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MIDOAUGH, DOUGLAS P., R. G. OOMEY, AND G. I. SCOTT. IN PREP. REPRODUCTIVE
RHYTHMICITY IN TH£ ATLANTIC SILVERSID5, M5NIOIA MENIDIA, (PISCES:
ATHcRINIDAt). TRANS. AM. FISH. $3C. (ERL»GB 435).
IN THIS PAPER, WS REVIEW ASP5CTS OF REPRODUCTIVE RHYTHMICITY IN M.
MENIOIA FROM THE NORTH EDISTO RIVER ESTUARY IN SOUTH CAROLINA. DAILY
OBSERVATIONS FOR SPAWNING WERE MADE FROM MARCH THROUGH JULY OF
1976-1978 AT TWO ESTUARINE SITES. AOULTS WERE ALSO COLLECTED DURING
THE 1976 AND 1977 REPRODUCTIVE SEASONS TO DOCUMENT CHANGES IN THE
GONAOOSOMATIC INDICES OF EACH SEX AND THE OCCURRENCE OF SEVERAL EGG
STAGES IN SEXUALLY MATURE FEMALES.
MIDOAUGH, DOUGLAS P., AND MICHAEL J. HSMMER. IN PRESS. SPAWNING OF THE
TIDEWATER SILVSRSIOE, MtNIOIA PENINSULAS CGOODE AND BEAN) IN RESPONSE TO
TIDAL AND LIGHTING SCHEDULES IN THE LABORATORY. ESTUARIES. 30P. C£RL,G8
).
TIDEWATER SILVEPSI3E, MENIDIA PENINSULAS CGOODE AND BEAN) WERE
MAINTAINED IN 1.3 M DIAMETER HOLDING TANKS IN IDENTICAL LABORATORY
RECIRCULATING SYSTEMS. DURING TWO WEEKS UNDER CONSTANT CONDITIONS (A
CURRENT VELOCITY OF 8 CM S -l/l ftNO CONTINOUS ILLUNINATIONt 24 L:0 0)
THERE WAS A LOW RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF ARRHYTHMIC SPAWNING. IN THE
SUBSEQUENT TWO-WEEK PERIOD. FISH IN ONE PAIR OF TANKS WERE MAINTAINED
UNDER THE SINGULAR INFLUENCE OF TWICE DAILY DECREASES IN CURRENT
VELOCITY FROM 8 TO 0 CM S -1/1 AT 0600-0700 AND 1800-1900f UNDER
CONTINOUS ILLUMINATION. THE RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF SPAWNING REMAINED
LOW ANO THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE OF A DAILY SPAWNING RHYTHM. HOWEVER, THE
MEAN NUMBER OF OF EGGS PER SPAWN INCREASED SUBSTANTIALLY. FISH IN THE
SECOND HOLDING SYSTEM WERE SUBJECTED TO DIEL LIGHT CYCLE OF 13 L:ll D
WITH A CONSTANT CURRENT VELOCITY OF 8 CM S -1/1 FOR TWO WEEKS. THE
RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF SPAWNING REMAINED LOW AND THERE WAS NO
INDICATION OF SPAWNING RHYTHMICITY; MOREOVER, THERE WAS ONLY A SLIGHT
INCREASE IN THE MEAN NUMBER OF EGGS PER SPAWN. DURING THE THIRD
TWO-WEEK PERIODf FISH IN THE FIRST PAIR OF TANKS WERE PROVIDED A 13
LSI! 0 OIEL LIGHT CYCLE, IN CONJUNCTION WITH PREEXISTING TWICE DAILY
DECREASES IN CURRENT VELOCITY; THOSE IN THE SECOND PAIR OF TANKS WERE
PROVIDED TWICE DAILY DECREASES IN CURRENT VELOCITY IN CONJUNCTION WITH
THE PREEXISTING 13 L:ll 0 LIGHT CYCLE. UNDER THE COMBINED INFLUENCE OF
DECREASES IN CURRENT VELOCITY ANO A OIEL LIGHT CYCLE, THERE WAS A
MARKED INCREASE IN THE RELATIVE FREQUENCY OF SPAWNING IN BOTH PAIRS OF
TANKS. FISH MANIFESTED A DISCERNIBLE SPAWNING PERIODICITY, SPAWNS
TYPICALLY OCCURRED BETWEEN 1800 ANO 2400; THE MEAN NUMBER OF EGGS PER
SPAWN ALSO INCREASED. WHEN FISH WERE RETURNED TO CONSTANT CONDITIONS,
CURREN VELOCITY 8 CM S -1/1 AND 24 L:0 D FOR TWO WEEKS, THE FREQUENCY
OF SPAWNING DECREASED AND THERE WAS HO INDICATION OF A SPAWNING
PERIODICITY. RESULTS OF ANOTHER EXPERIMENT COECREASEO CURRENT
VELOCITIES AT 1200-1300 AND 2400-0100 WITH 13 Ltll 0 LIGHT CYCLE)
INDICATED GRADUAL EXPRESSION OF A TIDAL SPAWNING RHYTHM DURING
NIGHTTIME, 2000-0359. OUR LABORATORY RESULTS INDICATE THAT M.
PENINSULAE IS PREDOMINANTLY A NOCTURNAL SPAWNER AND THAT SPAWNING
COINCIDES WITH DECREASED CURRENT VELOCITIES.
ftA6E 28
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MIX, MICHAEL C. 1983. CARCINOGENS AND NEOPLASIA IN INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS
OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS: PROJECT SUMMARY (UNPUBLISHED). 3p. CERL.GB X389).
SEVERAL SEPARATE STUDIES WERE CONDUCTED TO EXTEND RESULTS OBTAINED
FROM PREVIOUS EPA-SP9NSOREQ RESEARCH. INDIGENOUS BIVALVE-MOLLUSCS,
80TH FRESHWATER AND MARINE SPcCIES, WERE EMPLOYED AS BIOMONITORS TO
MEASURE BASELINE LEVELS OF ARSENIC, CADMIUM ANO NICKEL IN AQUATIC
SYSTEMS. RESULTS OF PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT CLAMS, MUSSELS
AND OYSTERS CONCENTRATE PQLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH) IN
THEIR TISSUES. THEREFORE, EFFORTS WERE MADE TO DEVELOP SIMPLE METHODS
THAT COULD BE USED TO ROUTINELY MEASURE PAH IN SEAWATER. FUTURE
STUDIES WILL BE DIRECTED TOWARDS DETERMINING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN
AMBIENT SEAWATER UNO SHELLFISH TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS OF PAH. A MAJOR
EFFORT WAS MADE TO ASSESS THE IMPORTANCE OF FOREST FIRES ANO SLASH
BURNING AS SOURCES OF PAH IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS. MOST BAYS ANO ESTUARIES
ALONG THE OREGON CDAST HAVE WATERSHEDS IN WHICH SUCH FIRES ARE COMMON
AND TRANSPORT OF PAH AWAY FROM 3URNEO SITES VIA WATER RUNOFF OR
ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE PAH LOAD IN ADJACENT
AQUATIC SYSTEMS. TWO SYSTEMS WERE DEVELOPED FOR TESTING POSSIBLE
MUTAGENIC AND/OR TERATCGENIC EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS OF PAH IN
THE LABORATORY. THE FIRST IS A BIOASSAY SYSTEM IN WHICH CULTURED EGGS
ANO EMBRYOS OF THE GOOSENECK 3ARNACLE, POLLICIPES PQLYM5RUS, CAN BE
EXPOSED TO NG QUANTITIES OF CONTAMINANTS OF INTEREST. SEVERAL
PARAMETERS, INCLUDING ABNORMAL LARVAL DEVELOPMENT, CAN BE USED TO
EVALUATE EXPOSURE EFFECTS. THE SECOND SYSTEM, EMPLOYING MAMMALIAN CELL
CULTURES, WAS DESIGNED TO MEASURE THE INFLUENCE OF SIMULATED SUNLIGHT
(290 NN)—IRRADIATED PAH ON CELL SURVIVAL AND THE REDUCTION OF SISTER
CHROMATID EXCHANGES. STUDIES ARE ALSO MADE TO DETERMINE WHETHER OR
NOT VIRUSES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS 3F MUSSELS,
MYTILUS EDULIS. FROM YAQUINA BAY, OREGON. POSITIVE ANO CONTROL MUSSELS
WERE SUBJECTED TO NUMEROUS METHODS: NONE REVEALED THE PRESENCE OF AN
RNA TUMOR VIRUS. DATA ON THE PREVALENCE OF NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS IN M.
EOULIS WERE SUBJECTED TO EXTENSIVE STATISTICAL ANALYSES IN ORDER TO
FORMULATE CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE OCCURRENCE, PREVALENCE AND SSASONALITY
Of THESE DISORDERS.
MIX, MICHAEL C., AND RANDY L. SCHAFFER. 1933. CONCENTRATIONS OF
UNSUBSTITUTED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SOFTSHELL CLAMS FROM COOS
BAY, OREGON, USA. MAR. POLLUT. BULL. 14(3>:94-97. (ERL»GB X388).
CONCENTRATIONS OF 8EN20CA)PYRENE (BAP) WERE MEASURED IN SU3PQPULATIONS
OF SOFTSHELL CLAMS, MYA ARENARIA, FROM FOUR XNTERTIDAL SITES IN COOS
SAY FROM JUNE 19T6 TO JUNE 1978. SUBSEQUENTLY, CONCENTRATIONS OF 15
UNSUBSTITUTED POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PNAH) WERE DETERMINED
IN TWO SU8POPULATIONS FROM SEPTEMBER 1978 TO AUGUST 1979. THERE WERE
SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BAP CONCENTRATIONS IN CLAMS FROM THE
FOUR SITES. FOR THE TWO-YEAR PERIOD, THEY WERE HIGHEST IN CLAMS
INHABITING AREAS ADJACENT TO THE INDUSTRIALIZED BAYFRONT AND LOWEST IN
CLAMS INHABITING MORE REMOTE AREAS. THERE WERE NO SIGNIFICANT
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN SAP CONCENTRATIONS DURING THIS PERIOD. DURING
THE 1978*79 STUDY, THE AVERAGE TOTAL PNAH CONCENTRATION IN CLAMS FROM
THE »A¥F*ONT AREA HAS 555.1 UG KGC-1) COMPARED TO 76.3 UG KG<-U FOR
CLAMS FROM A MORE REMOTE ENVIRONMENT. IN GENERAL. PNAH CONCENTRATIONS
tftff LOWEST IN THE FALL-WINTER ANO HIGHEST DURING THE SPRING-SUMMER.
2*
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MIX, MICHAEL C., 4N9 3ANDY L. SCM4FPER. 1933. CONCENTRATIONS OF
UNSUBSTITUTEO =»QLYNUCL = AR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN BAY MUSSELS (MYTILUS
EOULIS) FROM OREGON, USA. MAR. ENVIRON. RES. 9(4) :193-209. CERL.GB X397).
CONCENTRATION OF FIFTEEN UNSUBSTITUTED POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS CPNAH) WERE MEASURED IN MYTILUS EOULIS FROM TWO SITES IN
YAQUINA BAY, OREGON, USA, DURING 1979-1980. THERE WERE SIGNI*ICANT
DIFFERENCES IN PNAH LEVELS BETWEEN THE TWO POPULATIONS. THE AVERAGE
TOTAL CONCENTRATION IN MUSSELS INHABITING THE MORE INDUSTRIALIZED
SAYFRONT WAS 986 X 2 UG/KG COMPARED WITH 273 X 9 UG/KG IN MUSSELS FROM
A MORE REMOTE SITE ACROSS THE 3AY. SUBSTANTIAL DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND
IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF DIFFERENT PNAH IN M. EOULIS EXAMINED DURING
THIS STUDY. THE SMALLER, MORE WATER SOLUBLE, COMPOUNDS WERE
CONCENTRATED TO ONE OR TWO ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE ABOVE THE LARGER, LESS
SOLUBLE PNAH.
MIX, M.C. 1983. HAEMIC NEOPLASMS OF BAY MUSSELS, MYTILUS EOULIS, FROM
OREGON; OCCURRENCE, PREVALENCE, SEASQNALITY, AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL
PROGRESSION. J. FISH DIS. 6C3):239-248.
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MIX, MICHAcL C. 1933. STUDIES ON PCLYNUCL=AR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND
METALS IN MOLLUSCS (A3STRACT). 1^: WORKSHOP ON SU8LETHAL EFFECTS OF STRESS
ON MARINE ORGANISMS, MARCH 30-31, 1932, ASILQMAR, PACIFIC GROVE, CALIFORNIA.
MICHAEL MARTIN AND FLORENCE HA3RIS3N, EDITORS, NTIS, SPRINGFIELD, VA. PP.
55. (ERL.G3 X233).
DURING THE PAST 5 YEARS, OUR RESEARCH HAS ACCUSED ON MEASURING LEVELS
OF 15 UNSU3STITUTEO POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS CPNAH) AND
CERTAIN METALS IN BIVALVE MOLLUSCS FROM INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS THAT
INHABIT OREGON ESTUARIES. THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVES OF SOME OF THE MAJOR
STUDIES WERE TO: CD MEASUR6 CONCENTRATIONS OF PNAH AND METALS IN
SHELL FISH FROM DIFFERENT LOCATIONS FOR AN EXTENOEO PERIOD OF TIME IN
ORDER TO ESTABLISH A DEPENDABLE 8ASELINE, (2) DETERMINE WHETHER OR NOT
PNAH CONCENTRATIONS IN MOLLUSCS REFLECT THE DEGREE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTAMINATION, C3> EVALUATE SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN PNAH AND METAL
CONCENTRATIONS IN MOLLUSCS, (4) DETERMINE WHETHER OR NOT THERE WERE
STATISTICAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE PRESENCE OF CELLULAR
PROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS IN SUBPQPULATIQNS 3F MUSSELS CMYTILUS EOULIS)
AND PNAH CONCENTRATIONS IN THEIR TISSUES, AND C5) DETERMINE WHETHER OR
NOT CERTAIN STATISTICAL RELATIONSHIPS COULD 3E USED FOR PREDICTIVE
PURPOSES IN DETERMINING AND EVALUATING PNAH CONCENTRATIONS IN
INDIGENOUS SHELLFISH. OUR DATA SUGGEST THAT A TWO OR THREE YEAR PERIOD
IS REQUIRED TO ESTABLISH BASELINE LEVELS 3F PNAH IN SHELLFISH. THERE
WERE SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PNAH CONCENTRATIONS IN MUSSELS,
THE OCCURRENCE OF CELLULAR DISORDERS AND THE QUALITY OF THE
ENVIRONMENT THEY INHABIT. THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT SEASONAL VARIATIONS
IN BOTH PNAH AND METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN M. EOULIS. FINALLY, THE DATA
FROM OUR STUDIES INDICATE THAT IT MAY BE POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY
SITE-SPECIFIC VARIABLES (INDIVIDUAL PNAH OR METALS) THAT CAN 3E USED
FOR ASSESSING PNAH CONCENTRATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT.
PAGE 31
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MONTI, C., E. O'NEILL, 0. AHrARN, ». PRITCMAROi AND A. 30URQUIN. IN PREP.
MODELING TH5 MOVEMENT CF KEPONE ACROSS AND DISTURBED SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE
IN LABORATORY SYSTEMS (A8STSACT). ENVIRON. TOXICOL. CHEM. CERL.G3 482).
THc PRESENCE OF SEDIMENTS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS HAS AN IMPORTANT
EFFECT ON THE FATE OF MANY POLLUTING CHEMICALS. SIMPLE LABORATORY TEST
SYSTEMS, SUCH AS SHAKE FLASKSt FREQUENTLY USED TO EXAMINE THE
INTERACTION BETWEEN POLLUTANTS ANQ SEDIMENT. BECAUSE SHAKE FLASKS 00
NOT INCORPORATE THE INHERENT COMPLEXITIES OF THE INTACT SEDIMENT-WATER
INTERFACE, W6 ALSO USED MICROCOSM SYSTEMS HAVING WATER OVERLYING
SEDIMENT TO STUDY THE TRANSPORT OF TOXIC CHEMICALS. RAOIOLABELEO
KEPCNE WAS CHOSEN AS THE TEST COMPOUND BECAUSE OF ITS RESISTANCE TO
DEGRADATION, LOW VOLATILITY AND EASS OF ANALYSIS. SHAKEN FLASKS
CONTAINING FORMALIN STERILIZED SEDIMENT AND WATER WERE USED TO OBTAIN
PARTITION VALUES FOR KEPONE. IN ADDITION, KEPONE WAS ADDED IN
CONTINUOUSLY FLOWING SEAWATER TO FOUR IDENTICAL MICROCOSMS, EACH
CONTAINING FORMALIN STERILIZED SEDIMENT AND WATER. EACH MICROCOSM
RECEIVED KEPONE FOR DIFFERENT PERIODS OF TIMS, RANGING FOR 100 TO 1200
HOURS. AT THE END OF EACH EXPOSURE PERIOD, THE MICROCOSM WAS
DISASSEMBLED AND THE SEDIMENT WAS ^PACTIONATED INTO LAYERS. THE SORBED
KEPONE CONCENTRATION, ORGANIC CONTENT AND POROSITY WERE DETERMINED IN
EACH LAYER. A MATHEMATICAL MODEL, UTILIZING A PARTITION COEFFICIENT
DERIVED FROM THE FLASK STUDY, WAS USED TO SIMULATE KgPONE DISTRIBUTION
OBSERVED IN TH£ MICROCOSMS. THE MODELS WAS CALIBRATED TO THE TOTAL
SORBED KEPONE OF EACH MICROCOSMS TO QUANTIFY THE TTRANSPORT RATE OF
KEPONE ACROSS THE SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE. SIMULATION OF THE
MICROCOSM RESULTS COULD NOT BE OBTAINED USING A CONSTANT TRANSPORT
RATE. SIMULATION WAS OBTAINED USING A CALCULATED RANSPORT RATE WHICH
DECREASED WITH EXPOSURE IME. USING THIS ECREASING TRANSPORT RATE THE
MODEL PREDICTED THE SORBEO TOXICANT DISTRIBUTION WITH DEPTH. THE
DECREASE IN TRANSPORT RATE COULD HAVE BEEN CAUSED BY SEDIMENT
COMPACTION, HOWEVER, NO MEASURABLE CHANGES OCCURRED IN POROSITY. THE
RESULTS SHOW THAT PARTITION COEFFICIENT AND TANSPORT RATES WERE
SUFFICIENT TO DESCRIBE THE DISTRIBUTION OF KEPONE IN THE MICROCOSM
SEDIMENT. SHAKE FLASK TESTS ARE ADEQUATE TO QUANTIFY SOME FATE
PROCESSES SUCH AS PARTITION COEFFICIENT BUT ARE NOT SUFFICIENT TO
ESCRIBE POLLUTANT MOMEENT AND DISTRIBUTION. THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES
THE IMPORTANCE OF MEASURING THE TRANSPORT ACROSS THE SEDIMENT-WATER
INTERFACE IF THE POLLUTANT FATE IS TO BE ADEQUATELY MODELED.
PAGE 32
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MOORE, janes c.f DAVID j. HANSSN, RICHARD L. GARNAS, AND LARRY R. GOODMAN.
IN P*£P. SAND FILTRATION/ACTIVATED CAR3QN TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR REMOVING
P6STICIOE RESIDUES FR3M A MARINE TOXICOLOGY LABORATORY SFFLUEMT. WATER RES.
30P. (ERL.GB 431).
PLOW-THROUGH TQXICITY TESTS USING MARINE ORGANISMS CAN GENERATE LARGE
VOLUMES OF CONTAMINATED SEA WATER EFFLUENT WHICH SHOULD BE TREATED TO
REMOVE THE CONTAMINANTS BEFORE DISCHARGE INTO THE ENVIRONMENT. WE HAVE
DEVELOPED A SAND FILTRATION/ACTIVATED CARBON TREATMENT SYSTEM THAT
REMOVES A DIVERSITY OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE, QRGANOCHLORINE AND PYRETHROID
PESTICIDE RESIDUES FROM THESE cFFLUENTS. THE SAND FILTER REMOVES FROM
60 TO 97? OF THE CHEMICALS 9Y CONTINUOUSLY FILTERING SUSPENDED
PARTICULATES AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICALS AS WELL AS 8Y FACILITATING
PARTITIONING OF CHEMICALS FROM WATER TO ORGANIC MATERIAL IN THE SAND
FILTER. FOLLOWING SANO FILTRATION, EFFLUENT WATER SLOWLY PERCOLATES
THROUGH GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON. OVERALL, REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES
EXCEED 90?. THE ORGANIC MATERIAL AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICALS ARE
BACRWASHED FROM THE SAND WEEKLY, SEPARATED AND CONCENTRATED 8Y
GRAVITY, AND PACKAGED FOR DISPOSAL. THIS SYSTEM HAS SEEM OPERATING
EFFICIENTLY FOR OVER TWO YEARS, PROCESSING A MONTHLY AVERAGE OF
200,000 LITERS OF SEA WATER CONTAMINATED WITH 0.10 TO 100 UG OF
PESTICIDES LITERC-U. INITIAL CONSTRUCTION COST WAS $16,300.00.
O'NEILL, E., C. MONTI, P. PRITCHARO, AND A. 80URQUIN. IN PREP. EFFECTS OF
LUGWORMS AND SEAGRASS ON KEPONE DISTRIBUTION IN COMPLEX LABORATORY SYSTEMS
(ABSTRACT). TO BE PRESENTED AT THE S5TAC MEETING, NOV. 6, 1983, WASHINGTON,
DC. CERL,GB 484).
THE FATE OF MANY TOXIC CHEMICALS IN A3UATIC ENVIRONMENTS IS AFFECTED
8Y THEIR INTERACTION WITH SEDIMENT. TWO 3IOTIC FACTORS WHICH COULD
AFFECT THE DEGREE OF SEDIMENT INTERACTION ARE BIOTURBATIONG BENTHIC
INVERTEBRATES AND THE PRESENCE OF VASCULAR AQUATIC PLANTS. THE EFFECTS
OF THESE FACTORS OM FATE PROCESSES CAN BEST BE OBSERVED IN LABORATORY
SYSTEMS WHICH SIMULATE THE COMPLEXITY OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS.
EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF STUDYING THE INFLUENCE
OF LUGWORMS CARENICOLA CRISTATA) AND SEAGRASSES (TMALASSIA TESTUDINUM)
ON POLLUTANT DISTRIBUTION IN ESTUARINE SEDIMENT-WATER SYSTEMS. KEPONE
WAS CHOSEN AS THE TEST CHEMICAL BECAUSE ITS RESISTANCE TO DEGRADATION
AND OF ITS TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION. RA3IOLABELED CC1O KEPONE WAS
INTRODUCED CONTINUOUSLY INTO DUPLICATE GLASS VESSELS CONSISTING OF
WATiR OVERLYING A SEDIMENT BSD CONTAINING LUGWORMS OR PLANTS. CHANGES
IN THE DISSOLVED KEPONE CONCENTRATIONS WERE MONITORED DAILY FOR 16
DAYS. AT THE TERMINATION OF THE EXPERIMENTS, THE SEDIMENT WAS
FRACTIONATED INTO LAYERS, AND RADIOACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH
INTERSTITIAL HATER, SEDIMENT, LUGWORMS, AND SEAGRASSES CLEAVES,
RHlZQMESf AND ROOTS) WAS MEASURED TO DETERMINE KEPONE DISTIBUTION.
LUGHORH ACTIVITY SIGNIFICANTLY DECREASED THE KEPONE CONCENTRATION IN
THE WATER AND INCREASED THE CONCENTRAION AND DEPTH OF KEPONE IN
SEDIMENT. KEPONE 8IQACCUMULATION IN THE WORMS WAS A MINOR FACTOR IN
THE FINAL DISTRIBUTION. PLANT LEAF SURFACES SORBED KEPONE, BUT ONLY
SLIGHTLY AFFECTED OVERALL TOXICANT DISTRIBUTION IN THE SYSTEMS. OUR
RESULTS SUGGEST THAT BIOTURBATION MAY BE AN IMPORTANT PROCESS
AFFECTING THE FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN SEDIMENT-HATER SYSTMES. FURTHER
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF BIOTURABTION MUST BE UNDERTAKEN
TO ADEQUATELY PREDICT TOXICANT DISTRIBUTION IN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS.
33
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PARKER, JEFFREY H., JANET S. NICKELS, ROBERT F. MARTZ, MICHAEL J. GEHRON,
NORMAN L. RICHARDS, AND DAVCD C. WHITE. IN PRESS. EFFECT OF OIL AND GAS
WcLL-QRILLING FLUIDS ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS AND MICROBIAL INFECTION OF
THE REEF JJUILOING CORAL MONASTReA ANNULARUS. ARCH. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL.
21P. CERL.GB X382).
THE REEF BUILDING CORAL MONTftSTREA ANNULARUS WAS EXPOSED CONTINUOUSLY
TO SUSPENSIONS OF OIL AND GAS-WELL DRILLING FLUIDS AT CONCENTRATIONS
OF 0.1 ML LITER(-l), 0.01 ML LITERC-1), AND 0.0001 ML LITERC-1) IN
FLOWING SEAWATER AT THE U.S. NAVAL STAGE I PLATFORM C30 DEGREES 7.5*
N, 85 DEGREES *6.3" W). AFTER 6 WEEKS EXPOSURE, CORAL FRAGMENTS OF 12
TO 65 CMC2) SURFACE AREA WERE 3ROKEN OFF, RINSED IN SEAWATER, AND
EXTRACTED IN A ONE-PHASE CHLOROFORM-METHANOL-BUFFER AND RETURNED TO
THE LABORATORY. IN THE LABORATORY, THE EXTRACTION WAS COMPLETED AND
THc PHASES SEPARATED. THE LIPIOS WERS FRACTIONATED USING SILICIC ACID
AND THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY. TOTAL PHOSPHOLIPIO, TRIGLYCERIDE
GLYC6RJL, TOTAL EXTRACTABLE FATTY ACIDS, TRIGLYCERIDE FATTY ACIDS AS
WELL AS THE ESTER FATTY ALCOHOLS SHOWED NO CONSISTENT CHANGES WITH
EXPOSURE TO THE DRILLING FLUIDS. CHANGES IN FREE AMINO ACID
CONCENTRATIONS WERE EXTRACTED AS WELL AS SIGNIFICANT DECREASES IN THE
RECOVERABLE DIACYL PHOSPHOLIPID. SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN PLASMALOGEN
PHOSPHOLIPIDS APPEARED WITH EXPOSURE. INCREASES IN PLASMALOGEN
PHOSPHOLIPIDS ARE CONSISTENT WITH INFECTION BY ANAEROBIC FERMENTING
SACTeRIA WHICH CAN INDICATE DISEASE. THIS EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT
BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF INFECTION WITH ANAEROBIC BACTERIA MAY BE
USEFUL AS SENSITIVE MARKERS FOR POLLUTION-INDUCED CHANGES IN REEF
BUILDING CORALS AND THUS FOR MONITORING THE HEALTH OF CORAL REEFS.
PASE 34
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pATTQN, JOHN $., AND JOHN A, COUCH. IN PRESS, CAN TISSUE ANOMALIES THAT
OCCUR IN MARINE FISH IMPLICATE SPECIFIC POLLUTANT CHEMICALS?. IN:
PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE ON MEANINGFUL MEASURES OF MARINE POLLUTION EFFECTS,
APRIL 26-29, 1932, PENSACQLA BEACH, FL. U.S. NATIONAL OCEANIC AMD
ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION. 26P. (£RL»GB 474).
THE ADVANTAGE OF USING TISSUE ABNORMALITIES IN WILD FISH AS A MEASURE
OF FISH HEALTH IS THAT THc ABNORMHLITY, UNLIKE SENSITIVE BIOCHEMICAL
ANOMALIES, CANNOT 8E .SAID TO HAVE OCCURRED DURING CAPTURE OR TRANSPORT
TO THE LAB. IT USUALLY TAKES HOURS, DAYS, WEEKS, AND SOMETIMES EVEN
MONTHS FOR ABNORMAL TISSUE PATHOLOGIES TO DEVELOP. THE RESEARCHER CAN
BE CONFIDENT THAT SOME FACTOR IN THE FIELD CAUSED THE ABORMALITY. WHEN
AN ABNORMAL FISH IS CAPTURED, LOGICAL QUESTIONS APPEAR AT POUR
DIFFERENT LEVELS: 1) WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF MQRPHQL3GY OF THE
ABNORMALITY? MANY SCHOLARLY ARTICLES BY HISTOPATHOLOGISTS DESCRIBE IN
DETAIL TISSUE ANOMALIES OBSERVED IN FIELD SPECIMENS. AT THIS LEVEL THE
FOCUS IS ON THE PATHOLOGY ITSELF. 2) WHAT IS THE INCIDENCE OF THE
PATHOLOGY IN THE POPULftTION? HOW MANY ARE AFFLICTED, OLD OR YOUNG,
MALE OR FEMALE? HERE THE FOCUS IS ON THE SPECIES POPULATION. 3> CAN
THE INCIDENCE OF A FISH DISEASE 8E LINKED TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION?
HERE THE FOCUS IS ON CORRELATING PATHOLOGY WITH POLLUTION. 4) WHAT
FACTOR OR FACTORS (CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND/OR BIOLOGICAL) CAUSED THE
PATHOLOGY IN THE POLLUTED WATERS? THIS IS PROBABLY THE MOST DIFFICULT
QUESTION TO ANSWER AND THE SUBJECT OF THIS PAPER. ANSWERS TO THE FIRST
THREE QUESTIONS MUST BE FOUND 3EFORE ATTEMPTS CAN BE MADE AT ANSWERING
THE FOURTH. IF A SPECIFIC FISH DISEASE CAN BE LINKED TO A SPECIFIC
XEN08IQTIC, THEN A ANOTHER TIER OF QUESTIONS ARISES. 5) WHAT IS THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS TO HUMAN HE4LTH AMD WELL 3EING? IS A FOOD SOURCE
DIMINISHED, ARE HUMANS INGESTING FISH CONTAINING TOXIC CHEMICALS? WHAT
IS THE AESTHETIC/ECONOMIC COST VERSUS THE INDUSTRIAL/ECONOMIC GAIN OF
HAVING CONTINUED POLLUTION? ANSWERS TO THESE QUESTIONS ARE BEYOND THE
SCOPE OF THIS PAPER, THIS PAPER WILL FOCUS ON THE QUESTION - ARE THERE
POLLUTANT SPECIFIC PATHOLOGIES IN MARINE FISH?
PORTIER, R.J,, AND S.P. MEYERS. IN PRESS, USE OF MICROCOSMS FOR ANALYSES OF
STRESS-RELATED FACTORS IN ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS. IN: INTERNATIONAL WETLANDS
CONFERENCE, SEPTEMBER, 1930, NEW DELHI, INDIA.
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paiTCHARDi P., J. CONNOLLY, T. MAZI4RZ, £. CLEVELAND, R. CRIPE, AND A.W.
8QURQUIN. IN PREP. APPLICATION OF MICROCOSM STUDIES TO VERIFY CHEMICAL FATE
ASSESSMENTS; COMPARISONS OF THE FATE OF METHYL PARATHION IN SEDIMENT-WATER
SYSTEMS, WATER RES, (ERL»GB 453),
THIS PAPER REPORTS ON THE FATE OF AN QRGAN3PHDSPHATE PESTICIDE, METHYL
PARATHION, IN A SALT HARSH MICROCOSM AS A REPRESENTATION OF THE
'STATE-OF-THE-WKOLE* AND ATTEMPTS TO DEMONSTRATE THE EFFICACY OF DATA
FROM SIMPLE LABORATORY TESTS, USING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO DESCRIBE
THIS FATE. TESTING THE AOEQUACY OF THIS DESCRIPTION WILL REPRESENT AN
INITIAL EXERCIS'E IN- DETERMING IF A S YS TEN-CENTERED APPROACH TO
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT IS REALLY NECESSARY.
PRITCHftRD, P.H., AND A.M. BOUROUIN. IN PR€P. AQUATIC MICR08IAL TQXICITY
STUDIES. IN: CONCEPTS IN AQUATIC BIOLOGY. PERGAMON PRESS, INC., ELMSFORO,
NY. 10QP, .
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PRITCHARD, P.H., P.4. VAN VELD, AND W.P. COOPER. IN PRESS. BIOOEGRAOATION OF
P-CRESOL IN ARTIFICIAL STREAM CHANNELS (ABSTRACT). IN: ABSTRACTS OF THE
ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOSY. C6RL,G8 X246).
THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF P-CR5S3L WERE STUDIES IN AN ARTIFICIAL STREAM
CHANNEL IN MONTICELLO, MM. THE OUTDOOR CHANNEL, WHICH IS 2/3 MILE
NARROW OVAL WITH MECHANICAL RE CIRCULATION OF THE WATER, IS
REPRESENTATIVE OF A FIELD STREAM ECOSYSTEM. IT WAS OOSEO WITH 8 PPM
P-CRES3L FOR 48 HOURS. CIRCULATION TIME OF THE STREAM WAS 6 HOURS.
TOTAL PHENOL CONCENTRATION DROPPED FRO* 3.0 TO 7.5 PPM OVER THE LENGTH
OF THE STREAM. AFTER D3SIN3, THE CONCENTRATION DECREASED CONSIDERABLY
FASTER THAN EXPECTED, B4SED ON A RATE CALCULATED DURING DOSING.
ATTEMPTS TO PREDICT THE FftTE OF P-CRESOL IN THE CHANNEL BY USING
LA30RATORY 8I3DEGRADATION STUDIES WERE 3NLY PARTIALLY SUCCESSFUL.
RATES OF DEGRADATION OF RAOIQLABELED P-CRESOL WERE DETERMINED IN SHAKE
FLASKS CONTAINING WATER, SEDIMENT, ALGAE, PLANT AND ROCK COMPONENTS
FROM THE STREAM. DISAPPEARANCE OF P-CRESOL WAS FOLLOWED AND
RADIOLABLEO C02 RELEASE WAS MEASURED. ALL STREAM COMPONENTS CAUSED
SIGNIFICANT SIOOEGRAOATION QP P-CRESOL. ROCKS ANO WATER WERE THE MOST
ACTIVE PER UNIT BIOMASS. PREDICTION OF THE FATE QF INTERGRAOATION OF
BIODEGRADATION RATE INFORMATION FROM LABORATORY STUDIES ON EACH
COMPONENT FROM THE STRtAM.
PRITCMARD, P.H., ANO A.W. BQURQUIN. IN PRESS. USE OF MICROCOSMS FOR
EVALUATION OF IIMTERACTONS BETWEEN POLLUTANTS ANO MICROORGANISMS. IN:
ADVANCES IN MICROBIAL ECOLOGY. PLENUM PRESS, NEW YORK, NY. 124P.
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RAO, K. RANGA/D3UGHTIS, DANIEL G. IN P
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RAOf K. RANG*. IN PREP. TOXICt SU8LETHAL AND LATENT EFFECTS OF 3ARIUM
SULFATE AND SELECTED PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON MARINE ORGANISMS—FINAL
REPORT—SUMMARY DF RESEARCH MAY 17, 1976 - MARCH 16, 1980. (ERL.GB X163),
THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THIS RESEARCH PROGRAM WAS TO STUDY THE TOXIC,
SU8LETHAL AND LATENT EFFECTS OP SELECTED XENOBIOTICS ON MARINE
ORGANISMS. 3ECAUSE OF INCREASING ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE MARINE
ENVIRONMENT, SPECIAL RESEARCH EMPHASIS WAS DIRECTED TOWARDS CERTAIN
CHEMICALS RELATED TO OIL WELL DRILLING OPERATIONS. ONE OF THE
COMPOUNDS STUDIED* PENTACHLQRCJPHENOL CPCP), IS KNOWN TO BE USED AS A
8ACTERICIDS IN WELL DRILLING FLUIDS ("MUDS") IN ADDITION TO NUMEROUS
OTHER 8IOCIOAL USES. AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL, PCP SIGNIFICANTLY
AFFECTED THE ESTABLISHMENT OF MEIOFAUNft IN EXPERIMENTAL AQUARIA. THERE
WERE SIGNIFICANT DECREASES IN NEMATOOE DENSITY AND BIOMASS AS WELL AS
A MARKED CHANGE IN SPECIES COMPOSITION AND SHIFTS IN NEMATOOE FEEDING
TYPES. IN TOXICITIY TESTS GRASS SHRIMP (PALAEMONETES PUGIO) EXHIBITED
THE GREATEST SENSITIVITY T3 PCP ANO ITS SODIUM SALT, SODIUM
PENTACHLOROPHENATE (NA-PCP), IMMEDIATELY AFTER MOLTING. THE INCREASED
TOXICITY IN RELATION TO MOLTING WAS ALSO OBSERVED FOR THE TETRA- ANO
TRICHLOROPHENOLS TESTED ALTHOUGH NOT FOP 2,4-DICHLQROPHENOL.
RADIOTRACER STUDIES INDICATE THAT THE INCREASE IN CHLQROPHENOL
TOXICITY IS CORRELATED WITH INCREASED CHLOROPHENOL UPTAKE IN NEWLY
MOLTED SHRIMP. IN METABOLISM STUDIES WITH SRASS SHRIMP, C(14)-PCP WAS
RAPIDLY META30LIZED WITH THE RESULTANT METABOLITES TENTATIVELY
IDENTIFIED AS PENTACHLOROANISOLE* TETRACHL3ROHYDROQUINONE, A POSSIBLE
GLUCURONIDE CONJUGATE OF PCP AND LESSER CHLORINATED PHENOLS.
PHYSIOLOGICALLY, PCP AFFECTED GRASS SHRIMP RESPIRATION RATES IN VIVO,
ANO CAUSED IN VITRO INHIBITION OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN ISOLATED
TISSUES OF THE BLUE CRAB, CALLINECTSD SAPIOUS. THE RESULTS OF
BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS SUGGEST THAT PCP IS AN EVEN MORE POTENT
INHIBITOR OF HEPATOPANCREATIC ENZYMES IN THE BLUE CRAB THAN
2,4-DINITROPHENOL. PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES WERE OBSERVED AT THE
ULTRASTRUCTURAL LEVEL IN GRASS SHRIMP TISSUES FROM ANIMALS EXPOSED TO
NA-PCP FOR COMPLETE MOLT CYCLE. THE FEASIBLITY OF UTILIZING CRUSTACEAN
LIMB REGENERATION AS A SUBLETHAL BIOASSAY WAS INVESTIGATED USING GRASS
SHRIMP, PENTACrlLOROPHENOL, 2 *3 ,4,5-TSTRACHLOROPHENQL »
2,3,4,i-TETRACNLQRaPH£NOL, OI8UTYL PHTHALATE ANO THE WELL DRILLING
8ACTERICIDE 8-33 SURFLO (MAIN ACTIVE INGREDIENT A BIS-CHLQROPHENQL)
INHIBITED GRASS SHRIMP LIMB REGENERATION IN A DQSE-OEPENOENT MANNER.
THE MOST CRITICAL PERIOD FOR INHIBITION OF REGENERATION APPEARS TO BE
DURING THE INITIAL PROCESSES OF WOUND HEALING ANO LIMB BUD FORMATION.
THE UPTAKE* DISTRIBUTION ANO DEPURATION OF T€ POLYCYLCI AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS, BENZO(A)PYREN£ AND 3ENZ(A)ANTHRACEN£, WERE STUDIED IN
GRASS SHRIMP. BOTH COMPOUNOSt WHICH MAY OCCUR AS PETROLEUM
CONTAMINANTS, WERE RAPIDLY ACCUMULATED FROM SEAWATER MEDIUM BY GRASS
SHRIMP, WITH THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATION IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT AND
HEPATOPANCREAS. BENZOPYRENE WAS DEPURATED VERY SLOWLY FROM THE SHRIMP
TISSUES.
REISH, DONALD J.t GILL G. GEESEY, FRANK G. WILKES, PHILLIP S. OSHIDA, ALAN J.
MSARNS, STEVEN S. ROSSI* AND THOMAS C. GINN. 1983. MARINE AND ESTUARINE
POLLUTION. J. WATER POLLUT. CONTROL FED. 55C6>:767«787. CERL.G8 464).
PAGF !Q
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RICHARDSON, L63NARD E., OENNIS T. BURTON, RONALD M. 3L3CK, AND ANN M.
STAVOLA. 1983. LETHAL ANO SUBLETHAL EXPOSURE ANQ RECOVERY EFFECTS OF
OZONE-PROOUCEO OXIOAMTS ON ADULT WHITE *>ERCH (MORONE GMELIN). WATER RES.
17<2):205-213. <6RL,G8 X370).
ADULT WHITE PERCH (MOROSE AMERICANA), ACCLIMATED TO 15 DEGREES
CELSIUS, WERE EXPOSED TO A SERIES OF OZDNc-PRODUCcO QXIOANT . RESULTS FROM BOTH THS ACUTE TOXICITY AND THE EXPOSURE
AND RECOVERY STUDY WERE COMPARED WITH THE EFFECTS OF CHLORINE-PRODUCED
OXIDANTS CCPO) OBTAINED FROM THE LITERATURE. BOTH OPO AND CPO APPEAR
TO HAVE SIMILAR EFFECTS ON AOULT WHITE PERCH.
RICHARDS, NORMAN L. IN PRESS. AQUATIC TOXICITY OF DRILLING FLUIDS: RECENT
FINDINGS (ABSTRACT). (ERL,GB X328).
THIS PAPER SUMMARIZES PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF BOTH LABORATORY AND FIELD
RESEARCH INTO THE FATE AND EFFECTS OF DRILLING FLUIDS. DIFFERENCES IN
SPECIES-TO-SPECIES TOXICITY IN ESTUARINE VS OFFSHORE AND COLD-WATER VS
WARM-WATER LOCALITIES ARE REVIEWED. A SCHEME IS DESCRIBED FOR TOXICITY
TESTING THAT USES LABORATORY ANO FIELD EXPERIMENTS TO INVESTIGATE
MORTALITY, ACCUMULATION OF SELECTED DRILLING FLUID COMPONENTS,
BEHAVIORAL ANO OTHER FUNCTIONAL EFFECTS, INCLUDING REPRODUCTION ANO
PATH06IOLO&Y.
4Q
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RUBINSTEIN, N.I., 5. LORES, ANO N.«. GREGORY. 1983. ACCUMULATION OF PCS,
MERCURY AND CADMIUM 6Y NEREIS VIRENS, MERCENARY MERCENARIA AND PALAEMONETES
PUGIO FROM CONTAMINATED HAR803 SE3IMENTS. AOUAT. TOXICOL. (AMST.).
3(3)i249-260. (ERL,GB 452).
ACCUMULATION OF POLYCHLORINATEO 8IPHENYLS CPC8S), MERCURY, AND CADMIUM
8Y SANDWORMS (NEREIS VIRENS), HARD CLAMS (MERCENARIA HERCENARIA) AND
GRASS SHRIMP (PALAEMONETES PU5IO) EXPOSED TO CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS
FROM FOUR SITES IN NEW YORK HARSOR WAS STUDIED FOR A 100-DAY PERIOD.
OF THE THREE CONTAMINANTS MONITORED, ONLY PC3S WERE FOUND TO
8IOACCUMULATE ABOVE BACKGROUND CCONTROL) CONCENTRATIONS. SMALL
INCREASES IN PCB BODY BURDEN WERS DETECTED IN M. MERCENARIA ANO P.
PUGIO, WHEREAS HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS WERE MEASURED IN N. VIRENS.
UPTAKE WAS AFFECTED ttY THE ORGANIC CONTENT OF THE SEDIMENT.
8IOACCUMULATION FACTORS (CONCENTRATION IN TISSUE/CONCENTRATION IN
SEDIMENT) FOR N. VIRENS RANGED FROM 1.59 IN A LOW ORGANIC SEDIMENT TO
0,15 IN A HIGH ORGANIC SEDIMENT. RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY SUPPORT THE
CONTENTION THAT SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION ALONE DOES NOT REFLECT
8IQAVAILA8ILITY ANO THAT TOXICITY TESTS (8IQASSAYS) ANO FIELD
MONITORING REMAIN THE MOST DIRECT METHOD FOR ESTIMATING
8IOACCUMULATION POTENTIAL OF SEDIMENT-BOUND CONTAMINANTS.
RUBINSTEIN, N.I., W.T. GILLIAM, ANO N.R. GREGORY. 1933, EVALUATION OF THREE
FISH SPECIES AS BIQASSAY ORGANISMS FOR OREOGEO MATERIAL TESTING.
EPA-600/X-83-062, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH LABORATORY, SULF BREEZE, FL. 22P.
THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE SEVERAL MARINE FISH
species INTCRMS OF THEIR ACTUE SENSITIVITY TO MODERATELY CONTAMINATED
SEDIMENTS AND THEIR POTENTIAL FOR BIOACCUMULATION OF POLYCHLORINATED
81PHENYL
THE ORGANISM IS ECONOMICALLY OR ECOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT OR BOTH.
ADDITIONAL FACTORS THAT APPLY TO SPECIES SELECTED FOR BIOACCUMULATION
STUDIES ARE: THE ORGANISM SHOULD ACCUMULATE THE POLLUTANT WITHOUT
EXCESSIVE MORTALITY AT CONCENTRATIONS FOUND IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE
ORGANISM SHOULD BE OF ADEQUATE SIZE FOR TISSUE ANALYSIS (O.J.H.
PHILLIPS* 1980). THREE SPECIES THAT MEET THE SELECTION CRITERIA ARE
THE SHEEPSHEAD MINMOW CCYPRINQDON VARIEGATUS), THE KILLIFISH (FUNDULUS
SIMILIS) AND THE ATLANTIC SILVERSIDE CMENIDIA MENIOIA). THESE SPECIES
WIRE SELECTED FOR STUDY AND TESTED WITH DREDGED MATERIAL TAKEN FROM
NEW YORK HARBOR. IT WAS OUR INTENTION TO EVALUATE THESE ORGANISMS FROM
THE PERSPECTIVE OF A CONTRACTING LABORATORY REQUIRED TO USE STANDARD
METHODS AMD TO APPLY RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR DREDGED MATERIAL
EVALUATION (EPA/CE, 1977>.
PAGE 41
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SCHATTEN, GERALD, CALVIN SIMtRLY, AND HEID: SCHATTEN. IN PRESS. EFFECTS OF
8ARIUM SULFATE ON SEA URCHIN FERTILIZATION AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT. IN:
WASTES IN THE S£A, VOLUME 3. JOHN WILEY, N^W YORK. 35P. CERL.GB X427).
FERTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT QF SEA URCHINS OFFER AN UNRIVALED SYSTEM
TO STUDY THE C5LLULAR CONSEQUENCES OF EXOGENOUS IONS, AT
FERTILIZATION, A VARIETY OF EVENTS OCCUR, INCLUDING THE ACROSOME
REACTION OF THE SPERM, THE CORTICAL REACTION OF THE EGG, SPERM
INCORPaRATION, THE UNION OF THE SPERM AND EGG NUCLEI WITHIN THE EGG
CYTOPLASM, 3IOELECTRIC CHANGES, THE ESTABLISHMENT QF THE BLOCK TO
POLYSPERMY AND THE ACTIVATION OF THE META83LISM QF THE FERTILIZED EGG.
THESE EVENTS REQUIRE A COMPLEX REPERTOIRE OF ENZYMATIC AND STRUCTURAL
CHANGES IN CELLULAR BEHAVIOR AND ARE REGULATED 3Y IONIC FLUXES,
PARTICULARLY BY CHANGES IN INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM CONCENTRATION.
BARIUM, A DIVALENT CATION, MIGHT BE EXPECTED TO MIMIC CALCIUM IN THIS
MARINE SYSTEM AND TO INTERFERE WITH THE CELLULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL
EVENTS NORMALLY REGULATED BY CALCIUM FLUKES. GAMETES FROM THE GULF
COAST SEA URCHINS LYTECHINUS VARIEGATUS AND ARBACIA PUNCTULATA MERE
STUDIED BY LIGHT, ELECTRON AND TIME-LASPE VIDEO MICROSCOPY TO EVALUATE
THE INTERFERENCE BY BARIUM SULF4TE WITH NORMAL FERTILIZATION AND
DEVELOPMENT. IN 6ARIUM SULFATE CONCENTRATIONS ABOVE I MILLIMOLAR, ALL
THE NORMAL EVENTS AT FERTILIZATION WERE DRASTICALLY REDUCED: AT 10
MILLIMOLAR BARIUM SULFATE, ZERO PERCENT FERTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT
WERE NOTED. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT HIGH CONCENTRATIONS CLESS THAN
1 MM) OF BARIUM SULFATE CAN INTERFERE WITH NORMAL P£RTILIZATION AND
DEVELOPMENT OF SEA URCHINS AT SITES THAT ARE USUALLY REGULATED 3Y
CALCIUM IONS.
SCHIMMEL, STEVEN C., RICHARD L. GARNAS, JAMES M. PATRICK, JR., AND JAMES C.
MOORE. 1983. ACUTE TOXICITY, BIOCONCENTR4TION, AND PERSISTENCE OF AC 222,
705, BENTHIQCARB, CHLORPYRIFOS, FrNVALERATE, METHYL PARATHION, AND PERMETHRIN
IN THE ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT. J. AGRIC. FOOD CHEM. 31(1):104-113. (ERL,GB
186).
SIX PESTICIDES WERE EVALUATED IN LABORATORY STUDIES TO DETERMINE:
ACUTE (96-H) TOXICITY, OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENTS CLOG P),
SOLUBILITY, ANO PERSISTENCE IN SEAWATER. IN ADDITION, THREE OF THE SIX
PESTICIDES (SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS) WERE TESTED USING THE EASTERN
OYSTER CCRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) IN LONG-TERM (28 DAYS> TESTS TO
DETERMINE THEIR RESPECTIVE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (8CF). ACUTE
TOMICITY TESTS PROVIDED THE FOLLOWING DECREASING ORDER OF TOXICITY TO
fiSTUARINE CRUSTACEANS AND FISHES: AC 222, 705? FSNVALERATE,
PERMETHRIN, CHLORPYRIFOS, METHYL PARATHION, ANO BENTHIOCARB. THE
fSTUARINE MYSID (MYSIDOPSIS BAHIA> WAS CONSISTENTLY THE MOST SENSITIVE
SPECIES, KITH LC50 VALUES AS LOW AS 0.008 MG/L. THE SHEEPSHEAO MINNOW
CCYPRIMOOON VARIEGATUS) WAS GENERALLY THE LEAST SENSITIVE (RANGE OF
LC50 VALUES * 1.1 TO 1.370 MG/L). LOG P VALUES ANO PESTICIDE
HALF-LIVES IN SEDIMENT-WATER SYSTEMS WERE INVERSELY RELATED TO
SOLUBILITY IN SEAWATER. THE FOLLOWING ARE THE INCREASING ORDER OF LOG
P VALUES (RANSE, 1.8 TO 6.5) ANO PESTICIDE HALF-LIVES (RANGE, 1.2 TO
34 OAYS) AND DECREASING ORDER OF SOLUBILITY (RANGE, 1000 TO 24 MG/L):
METHYL PARATHION, BENTHIOCARB, CHLORPYRIFOS, AC222. 705, FENVALERATE,
ANO PgRMETHRIN. THE STEADY-STATE 8CFS OF THE THREE SYNTHETIC
PYRETHROIOS WERE: 1,900 FOR PERMETHRIN: 2,300 FOR AC 222, 705: 4,700
FOR FENVALERATE. AFTER TERMINATION OF THE EXPOSURE, EACH INSECTICIDE
MAS DEPURATED BY 3YSTERS TO NON-DETECTABLE CONCENTRATIONS WITHIN ONE
WEEK.
PASf 42
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SCHOORt W. PETER, AND CHARLES L, MCKENN5Y. 1983. DETERMINATION OF
FENVALERATE IN FLOWING-SEAWATER EXPOSURE STUDIES. 3ULL. ENVIRON. CONTAM.
TOXIC3L. 30(l):8*-92. CERL,G6 434).
FENVALERATE (PYDRIN)2 IS A PYRETHROID WHICH WHEN PRESENT IN THE WATER
AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS APPEARS TO 3E HIGHLY TOXIC TO CRUSTACEANSt
REPORTED 96-H LC-5Q VALUES ARE 0.14 UG/L FOR L3BSTER (HOMARUS
AMERICANUS) AND 0.04 UG/L FOR SHRIMP (CALllNECTES SEPTSMSPINOSA) IN
STATIC TESTS (MCLEESE ET AL. 1980) AND 0.002 UG/L FOR GRASS SHRIMP
LARVAE CPALAEMONETES PUGIQ) IN FLOW-THROUGH TESTS (TYLER MCKENNEY,
PERS. COMM.). SINCE THE 0.002 UG/L VALUc WAS 8ASED ON NOMINAL RATHER
THAN MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS, AND ESTABLISHED METHODS WERE NOT
SENSITIVE ENOUGH, (BUCK £T AL. 1980: CHAPMANN HARRIS 1978? HILL
1981; LSE ET AL. 1978; PAPADQPOULOU-MOUR
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SCHGORt W. PETER, AND MfcRfl S&IVASTAV4. IN PREP. POSITION-SPECIFIC
INDUCTION OF SE.NZOC A)PYRENE METABOLISM 3Y 3-M=T*LCHOL ANTHR ENE AND
PHEN08ARBITAL IN MULLET CMUGIL CEPHALUS), A MARINE FISH. (ERL.G8 166).
MIXED-FUNCTION QXYG5NASE ACTIVITIES IN MULLET CMUGIL CePHALUS) WERE
INDUCED WITH 3-METHYLCHOLANT4RSNE ANO PHENOBARBITAL (P8) ADMINISTERED
INTRAPERITONSALLY TWICE OVER A THIRTY-OAY PERIOD. CONTROL AND INDUCED
MFO ACTIVITIES WERE STUDIED AT 25 DEGREES AND 37 DEGREES CELSIUS USING
0.1 - -t.O MM NAOPH. INCREASES IN NADPH CONCENTRATIONS IN ACTIVITY
DETERMINATIONS OF CONTROL MULLET MFQ AT 30TH TEMPERATURES SHOWED
CORRESPONDING ACTIVITY INCREASES AND RATHER SROAD ACTIVITY OPTIMA. NO
SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE METABOLITE COMPOSITION WERE OBSERVED. MFO
ACTIVITIES INDUCED BY 3-MC AND CONDUCTED AT 37 DEGREES CELSIUS SHOWED
INCREASES OF ALL METABOLITES EXCEPT THE 4,5-EPOXIDE AND 5-PHENQL WITH
INCREASING NAOPH CONCENTRATIONS. NO SUCH INCREASES WERE FOUND AT 15
DEGREES CELSIUS. INCREASES IN THE INDIVIOUAL METABOLITES WERE
DISPROPORTIONATELY HIGHER AT 37 DEGREES CELSIUS ANO HIGH NADPH
CONCENTRATIONS WHEN COMPARED AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS. SIMILAR TRENDS
WERE FOUND WITH THE PB INDUCED MFO ACTIVITIES. THE DATA INDICATE THAT
WITH REGARD TO COMPARATIVE INDUCTION, PHYSIOLOGICAL TEMPERATURE
RANGES MAY MAKE COMPARISON OF ACTIVITIES DIFFICULT BETWEEN WARM- AND
COLO-BLOODED SPECIES, PRELIMINARY QATA AT LOWER TEMPERATURES INDICATE
THAT THE ANOMALIES OF MFO ACTIVITY IN THE MULLET OCCUR AT 37 DEGREES C
RATHER THAN AT THE LOWER TEMPERATURES.
SCHOOR, W. PETER. IN PRESS. EXPOSURE OF FISHES TO B5NZOCA)PYR£NE ANO SOME
ASPECTS OF ANALYSIS OF METABOLITES. J, NAT. CANCER INST. 22P. (ERL,GB
).
THE DISPOSTION OF BENZOCA)PYRENc CBCA)PJ IN MOST ANIMAL SPECIES
DEPENDS LARGLEY ON THE EFFECT THAT THE MIXED FUNCTION QXYGENASE (MFO)
ANO TRANSFERASE SYSTEMS EXERT ON IT. SINCE THESE ENZYMES ARE INOUCIBLE
BY COMPOUNDS SUCH AS PHENOBARBITAL (PB) AND 3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE
<3-MC>, MUCH EFFORT WAS SPENT TO DETERMINE THEIR EFFECTS ON THE ENZYME
SYSTEMS PRESENT IN SOME AQUATIC SPECIES. IN THE SPSCIES TESTED SO FAR
(MULLET, SEA CATFISH, AND KILLIFISH), IN3UCTION WAS FOUND WHEN THE
INOUCER WAS ADMINISTERED INTRAPSRITONEALLY. FLOW-THROUGH EXPOSURE TO
PB ALSO INDUCED HFO ACTIVITY IN MULLET ANO KILLIFISH. MFO ACTIVITY WAS
DETERMINED USING B(A)P AS SUBSTRATE AND THE RESULTING METABOLITES HAVE
SEEN SEPARATED. TH5 PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THESE DETERMINATIONS ARE
DISCUSSED IN LIGHT OF USING DATA ON AN INTER-LABORATORY BASIS.
SCMOORt K. PETER, ANO ELSAYEO ELNENAEY. IN PRESS. META30LITES OF
8ENZOCA)PYRENE FROM MULLET CMUGIL CEPHALUS): PROPERTIES ANO DETECTION
(ABSTRACT). (ERL.G3 403).
INDIVIDUAL METABOLITES OF BEN20(A)PYRENE WERE SEPARATED BY HIGH
PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH METHANOL/WATER GRADIENTS.
EXCITATION ANO EMISSION SPECTRA WERE OBTAINED FOR EACH PEAK AFTER
STOPPING THE HPLC FLOW AND COMPARED TO THOSE OF PURE STANDARDS. ALL
TWELVE PHENOLS OF 3ENZO(A)PYRENE SHOWED DISTINCTLY DIFFERENT
EXCITATION SPECTRA WHILE SHIFTS IN THE EMMISSION SPECTRA WERE NOT
UNIQUELY DIFFERENT. THE PHENOXIDES DID NOT YIELD DISTINCT SPECTRA. THE
QUINONES AS WELL AS THE OIOLS SHOWED DIFFERING SENSITIVITIES TOWARDS
LIGHT, CERTAIN REVERSE PHASE COLUMNS APPEAR TO HAVE THE TENDENCY TO
REACT WITH PHENOLS CAUSING EITHER BINDING OR OTHER CATALYZED
REACTIONS.
PAGE
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SCHULTZ, MARY E., AND R. JACK SCHULTZ. IN PRESS. 01ETHYLNITROSAMINE-INDUCED
HEPATIC TUMORS IN WILD VS. IN3R5D STRAINS OF A VIVIPAROUS ^ISH. INt
SYMPOSIUM ON THE USE 0~ SMALL FISH SPECIES IN CARCINOGENCITY TESTING. U.S.
NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE. (5RL,GB X311).
THE PRESENT STUDY FOCUS'S ON TH5 QUESTI3N OF THE ROLE OF GENETIC
DIVERSITY IN CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY IN POECILIOPSIS LUCIOA MILLER, A
SMALL LIVE-SEARING FISH FROM NORTHWESTERN MEXICO, BELONGING TO THE
SAME FAMILY AS GUPPIES, MOLLIES, AND PLATYFISHES.
SCOTT, GEOFFREY I., DOUGLAS P. MIDDAUGH, AND SCOTT KLINGENSMITH. 1983.
BIOCONCENTRATION 3F BROMOFORM BY AMERICAN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA (G.)
EXPOSED TO CHLORINATED AND DECHLQRINATEO SEAWATSR, WITH NOTES ON SURVIVAL AND
FEEDING. IN: WATER CHLORINATION: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND HEALTH EFFECTS,
VOL. *. ROBERT L. JOLLEY, ET AL., EDITOR, ANM ARBOR SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, ANN
ARBOR, MI. PP. 1029-1037. C=RL,G8 429).
CHLORINE ADDED TO SEAWATER REACTS WITH ORGANIC PRECURSORS TO FORM
NUMEROUS OXIDATION PRODUCTS INCLUDING 3ROM3FQRM. WHILE SEVERAL STUDIES
HAVE EXAMINED THE TOXICOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSES OF BIVALVE MOLLUSCS TO CONTINIOUS CHLORINATION, IN MOST
INSTANCESt ONLY ACTIVE OXIDANTS WERE MEASURED; THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS
OF EXPOSURE TO, OR BIOCONCENTRATION OF, 8ROMOFORM HERE NOT CONSIDERED.
NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS INCLUDE STUDIES BY GIBSON ET AL. <7>, IN WHICH
aiOCONCENTRATION OF 3ROMOFORM BY SEVERAL MARINE ORGANISMS WAS
EXAMINED, AND SCOTT ET AL. C8>, IN WHICH 3ROMOFORM, GENERATED DURING
CHLORINATION OF SEAWAT£Rf WAS 8IOCONCENTRATED BY AMERICAN OYSTER,
CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA. RECENTLY, ROBERTS DETERMINED THE RESPONSE OF
AMERICAN OYSTERS TO CHLORINATED SEAWATER AND SEAWATER OECHLORINATEO
WITH S3DIUM THIOSULFATE. DETOXIFICATION OF CHLORINE-PRODUCED OXIDANTS
(CPQ) WAS APPARENTLY ACHIEVED 3Y OECHLORINATION, HOWEVER, THE
POTENTIAL FOR BIOCONCENTRATION OF BROMQFORM WAS NOT DETERMINED. THE
QBjeCTives OF OUR STUDY WERE: CD TO DETERMINE THE RATE OF BROMOFQRM
PRODUCTION IN CHLORINATED SEAWATER: (2) TO ASSESS THE SURVIVAL AND
F€60ING RESPONSE OF OYSTERS EXPOSED TO CHLORINATED SEAWATER CONTAINING
ACTIVE OXIDANTS BROMOFORM, AND OTHER CHLORINATED ORGANICS, AND TO
OECHLORINATEO SEAWATER CONTAINING BROMOFORM PLUS OTHER CHLORINATED
ORGANIC*? AND C3> TO DETERMINE THE POTENTIAL FOR BIOCCONCENTRATIQN OF
BROMOFORM IN OYSTERS EXPOSED TO CHLORINATED AND OECHLORINATEO
SEAWATER.
SHIREHAN, JEROME V., WILLIAM T. HALLER, DOUGLAS E. COLLE, CURTIS E. WATKINS,
OOUfiiAS F, OURANT, AND DANIEL E. CANFIELO. 1983. ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF
INTE6RATeO CHEMICAL AMD BIOLOICAL AQUATIC WEED CONTROL. PP. 1-333. CERL.GB
PAGE 45
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SOMERVILLE, C.C., L.C. 3UTLER, T.J. LEE, A. W. 30URQUIN, AND J.C. SPAIN. IN
PREP. DEGRADATION! OF JET FUcL HYDROCARBONS BY AQUATIC MICR06IAL COMMUNITIES
(ABSTRACT). IN: PROCEEDINGS OF TH£ AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY
CONFERENCE, MARCH 6-11, 1983, NEW ORLEANS, LA, (ERL.GB 458).
A MIXTURE OF FIFTEEN HYDROCARBONS REPRESENTATIVE OF THOSE IN
DISTILLATE JET FUELS WAS USED TO DETERMINE WHETHER DEGRADATION 3Y
NATURAL MICR03IAL COMMUNITIES COULO AFFECT THE PERSISTENCE OF SUCH
FUELS RELEASED INTO AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS. THE MIXTURE INCLUDED HEXANE,
CYCLOHEXANE, N-HEPTANE, METHYLCYCLOH5XANE, TOLUENE, N-OCTANE,
STHYLCYCLOHEXANE, P-XYLEN=, CUMENE, 1,3,5-TRIMETHYL3ENZENS, INOAN,
NAPHTHALENE, 2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE, N-TETRAOECANE, AND
2f3-DIMETHYLNAPTHTHAL£NE. THE MIXTURE WAS INCU3ATEO WITH WATER OR
WATER AND SEDIMENT SUSPENSIONS COLLECTED AT ESTUARINE AND FRESHWATER
SITES. DISAPPEARANCE OF HYDR80CARBONS WAS MEASURED BY CAPILLARY COLUMN
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. CONTROL FLASKS WERE STERILIZED WITH HGCLC2) TO
ESTIMATE LOSSES DUE TO VOLATILIZATION. C(6)-CC9) COMPOUNDS VOLATILIZED
QUICKLY. INDAN, NAPTHTHALENE, AND 2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE WERE MUCH LESS
VOLATILE AND WERE BIDDEGRAOED RAPIDLY AFTER AND INITIAL 24H LAG
PERIOD. THE PRESENCE OF SEDIMENT AND ITS ASSOCIATED MICROFLORA
STIMULATED BIODEGRAOATION. ASSAYS OF TOTAL HETEROTROPHS AND
HYORQCAR8QNOCL4STIC BACTERIA INDICATED AND INITIAL TOXICITY OF THE
FUEL MIXTURE FOLLOWED BY A STIMULATION OF HYDROCARBON-DEGRADING
BACTERIA.
SPAIN, JIM C., AND P.A. VAN VELD. 1983. ADAPTATION OF NATURAL MICROBIAL
COMMUNITIES TO DEGRADATION OF XEN08IOTIC COMPOUNDS: EFFECTS OF
CONCENTRATION, ENOCULUM, AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURE. APPL. ENVIRON. MICR08IOL.
45(2):428-435. CERL.GB 440>,
ADAPTION OF MICROBIAL POPULATIONS TO DEGRADE XENOBIOTIC COMPOUNDS
FASTER AFTER EXPOSURE TO THE COMPOUND WAS STUDIED IN ECO-CORES.
RAOIOLABELED TEST COMPOUNDS WERE ADDED TO CORES THAT CONTAINED NATURAL
WATER AND SEDIMENT. ADAPTATION WAS DETECTED BY COMPARING
MINERALIZATION RATES OR DISAPPEARANCE OF PARENT COMPOUND IN
PRE-EXPOSED AND UNEXPOSED CORES. MICR03IAL POPULATIONS IN PRE-EXPOSEO
CORES FROM A NUMBER OF FRESHWATER SAMPLING SITES ADAPTED TO DEGRADE
P-NITR3PHENOL FASTER; POPULATIONS FROM ESTUARINE OR MARINE SITES DID
NOT SHOW ANY INCREASE IN RATES OF DEGRADATION AS A RESULT OF
PRE-EXPOSURE. ADAPTATION WAS MAXIMAL AFTER TWO WEEKS AND NOT
DETECTABLE AFTER SIX WEEKS. A THRESHOLD CONCENTRATION OF 10 PPB WAS
NOTED, BELOW WHICH NO ADAPTATION WAS DETECTED. WITH CONCENTRATIONS OF
20 TO 100 PPB, THE BIOOEGRAOATION RATES IN PRE-EXPOSED CORES WERE MUCH
HIGHER THAN IN CONTROL CORES AND WERE PROPORTIONAL TO RESPIKE
COHC6HTRATIOH. IN ADDITION, TRIFLURALIN, 2,4-OICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC
ACID <2t*-D> AND P-CRESOL WERE TeSTEO TO DETERMINE WHETHER
PRE-EXPOSURE AFFECTED SUBSEQUENT BIOOEGRAD4TION. MICRQBIAL POPULATIONS
DID NOT ADAPT TO TRIFLURALIN. ADAPTATION TO 2,4-0 WAS SIMILAR TO THAT
WITH «ITOf»HENOL. P-CRESOL WAS MINERALIZED RAPIDLY IN BOTH PRE-EXPOSURE
AND UMEXPOSED POPULATIONS.
PACE 46
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SPAIN, J.C., C.C. SOMERVILLE, T.J. L5E, L.C. BUTLES, AND A.W. BOURQUIN.
1983, DEGRADATION OF JST FUEL HYDROCARBONS BY AQUATIC MICRQBIAL COMMUNITIES:
AN INTERIM REPORT 23 OCTOBER 1981 TO 30 SEPTEMBER 1932. EPA-600/X-83-059,
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, GULF
BREEZc, FL. 205P.
A MODEL FUEL MIXTURE OF FIFTEEN HYDROCARBONS REPRESENTATIVE OF THOSE
DISTILLATE JET FUELS WAS USEO TO DETEMINr WHETHER OEGRANOATION 3Y
NATURAL MICS03IAL COMMUNITIES COULO AFFECT THE PERSISTENCE OF SUCH
FUELS RELEASED IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS. THE MIXTURE INCLUDED HEXANE,
CYCLOHEXANS, N-HEPTANE, METHYLCYCLOHSXANE, TOLUENE, N-OCTANE,
ETHYLCYCLOriEXAME, P-XYLENE, CUMENE, TRIMETHYL6ENZSNE, INOAN
NAPHTHALENEt N-TETRAOECAME, 2,3-OIMETHYLNAPHTHALENE. THE WATER SOLUBLE
FRACTION OF THE WODEL FUEL WAS INCUBAT5D IN SHAKE FLASKS WITH WATER OR
WATER AND SEDIMENT SUSPENSIONS COLLECTED AT ESTUARINE AND FRESHWATER
SITES, SURFACES FILMS OF THE MODEL MIXTURE WERE STUDIED UNDER QUIESENT
INCU8ATION. THE DISAPPEARANCE OF HYDROCARBONS WAS MEASURED BY CAPILARY
COLUMN GAS CHROMATQGRAPHY. CONTROL FLASKS WERE STERILIZED WITH HGCLC2)
TO ESTIMATE LOSSES DUE TO A3IOTIC PROCESSES. CC65-CC9) COMPOUNDS
VOLATILIZED QUICKLY. INDAN, NAPHTHALENE, AMD 2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE WERE
MUCH LESS VOLATILE AND WERE 8IQEGRADSD FROM SOLUTION AFTER AND INTIAL
24H LAG PERIOD, THE PRESENCE OF SEDIMENT ASSOCIATED MICROFLORA
STMULATEO DEGRADATION. BIOQEGRADATION W4S NOT AN IMPORTANT FATE
PROCESS OF THE MODEL FUEL COMPONENTS IN THE QUIESCENT TEST. ASSAYS OF
TOTAL HETERTROPHS AD HYOROCARONOCLASTIC BACTERIA INDICATED AN INITIAL
TOXICITY OF THE FUEL MIXTURE FOLLOWED 8Y A STIMULATION OF
HYDROCARBON-DEGRADING BACTERIA. FATE TESTS WERE REPEATED WITH
PETROLEUM-DERIVED JP-4. TH£ SOLUBLE COMPONENTS OF JP-4 VOLATILIZED TOO
RAPIDLY FOR 3I3DEGRADATION TO OCCUR. SEDIMENTATION DRAMATICALLY
AFFECTED THE FATE OF FUEL COMPONENTS WHEN MIXING OF THE HYDROCARBON
AND SEDIMENT LAYERS STUDIED. SEDIMENT ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS WERE MORE
RESISTANT TO VOLATILIZATION ANO MICR08IAL ATTACK. SUBSTITUTED BENZENES
AND N-ALKANES WERE RADILY SIODEGRAOED WHEN NOT LIMITED BY EVAPORATION
AND SEDIMENTATION. JP-4 DID NOT PROVE TOXIC TO THE MICROBIftL
COMMUNITIES OF THE TEST SYSTEMS, BUT DID STIMULATE THE REPLICATON OF
HYDRCARBQNOCLASTIC BACTERIA.
SULLIVAN, TIMOTHY J,t ANO MICHAEL C, MIX. 1983. PYROLYTIC DEPOSITION OF
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS DUE TO SLASH BURNING ON CLEAR-CUT SITES.
BULL. ENVIRON. CONTAM. TOXICOL. 3l<2):208-215.
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SULLIVAN, TIMOTHY J.f AMD MICHAEL C. MIX. 1983. SIMPLE ftNO INEXPENSIVE
M6THOO FOR MEASURING INTEGRATED LIGHT ENERGY. ENVIRON. SCI. TECHNOL.
17(2):i27-128. CERL,G8 X461).
THE OZALIO TECHNIQUE IS A SIMPLE AND INEXPENSIVE METHOD FOR MEASURING
INTEGRATED SUNLIGHT ENERGY IN THE FIEL3 FOR PERIODS UP T3 A MAXIMUM OF
1 DAY. THIS PAPER DISCRIBES A MODIFICATION OF THE OZALID TECHNIQUE
THAT MAKES IT SUITABLE FOR LONG-TERM LIGHT MEASUREMENTS. DATA FROM THE
MODIFIED OZALID METER WERE CALIBRATED AGAINST AN EPLEY PRECISION
SPcCTRQ PYRANOMETER, YIELDING A STRONG POSITIVE CORRELATION
CRCSQUARED) * 0.97).
SZMANT-FR3ELICH, ALINA. 1983. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DRILLING MUOS ON
REEF CORALS. EPA-600/3-83-013, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY,
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, GULF BREEZE, FL. 54P.
PIECES OF CORAL FROM TWO SPECIES, MONTASTHEA ANNULARIS AND ACROPORA
CERVICORNIS, WERE EXPOSED IN THE LABORATORY TO CONCENTRATIONS OF 0, 1,
10, AND 100 PPM DRILLING MUD FOR PERIODS TWO DAYS TO SEVEN WEEKS.
SEVERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE CORAL ANIMAL CCALCIFICATION
RATE, RESPIRATION RATE) AND OF THEIR Z03XANTHELLAE (PHOTOSYNTHESIS
RATE, NUTRIENT UPTAKE RATE) WERE MONITORED AT REGULAR INTERVALS DURING
THE EXPOSURE PERIODS. IN ADDITION, BIOMASS PARAMETERS (TISSUE
NITROGEN, ZOOXANTHELLAE CELL DENSITY, CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT) WERE
MEASURED AT TWO-WEEK INTERVALS FOR THE LONGER EXPOSURE EXPERIMENT, AND
AT THE END OF EACH EXPERIMENT FOR THE SHORTER EXPOSURES. INITIAL
LONG-TERM EXPOSURES OF PIECES OF MONTASTREA ANNULARIS TO A SERIES OF
DRILL MUOS (DESIGNATED JX-2 THROUGH JX-7) COLLECTED FROM A JAY
OIL-FIELO WELL SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT DETRIMENTAL EFFECT ON
CALCIFICATION, RESPIRATION, AND N0(3) UPTAKE RATES DURING THE FOURTH
WEEK OF EXPOSURE TO 100 PPM DRILL MUD. PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND NH(«) UPTAKE
RATES W6R6 AFFECTED ALSO DURING THE FIFTH WEEK OF EXPOSURE. NORMAL
FEEDING BEHAVIOR WAS ABSENT FROM THESE CORALS WHEN TESTED DURING THE
SIXTH AND SEVENTH WEEKS OF EXPOSURE. SEVERAL 100 PPM CORALS DIED
DURING THE FIFtH AMD SIXTH WEEKS.
SZMAKT-FROELICH, ALINA. 1983. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DRILLING MUDS ON
REEF CORALS (PROJECT SUMMARY). EPA-600/S3-83-013, U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY, GU»F BREEZE, PL. 19P,
TAGATZ, M.6., C,H. OEANS, J-C. MOORE, AND G.R. PLAIA. 1983. ALTERATIONS IN
COMPOSITION OF FIELD- AND LABORATORY-DEVELOPED 6STUARINE 3ENTHIC COMMUNITIES
EXPOSED TO OI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE. AQUAT. TOXICOL. (AMST.). 3(3):239-2«8.
(ERL.G8 451).
PHfHLATE ESTERS ARE A LARGE CLASS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
CESTERS OF ORTHO BENZNE DICAR30XYL ACID) WIDELY USED AS PLATICIZERS
CAODED TO PLASTIC RESINS SUCH AS POLYVINYL CHLORIDE). ALONG WITH A
HIGH RATE OF PRODUCTION, ABOUT 5 X 10(8) KG ANNUALLY IN THE UNITED
STATESt SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF PHTHALATES ARE ENTERING THE MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
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TAGATZ, MARLIN £., AND CHRISTINE H. OEANS. 1933. COMPARISON OF FIELD- AND
LABORATORY-DEVELOPED ESTUARINE 3ENTHIC COMMUNITIES FOR TOXICANT-EXPOSURE
STUDIES. WAT = R AIR SOIL POLLUT. 20C2):199-209. CERL,G8 439).
THE STRUCTURES OF MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES THAT COLONIZED SAND-FILLED
BOXES WERE COMPARED TO LEARN IF LABORATQRY-OEVELOPEO ASSEMBLAGES OF
ANIMALS USED IN TOXICITY STUDIES REALISTICALLY SIMULATE THOSE IN
NATURE. LABORATORY BOXES WERE COLONIZED FOR SIGHT WEEKS IN SPRING AND
FALL BY PLANKTONIC LARVAE FROM CONTINUOUSLY-SUPPLIED UNFILTEREO
SEAWATER; FIELD SOXES, BY NATURALLY-OCCURRING ESTUARINE ANIMALS.
LABORATORY COMMUNITITIES HAD LARGER NUMBERS, 8UT FEWER SPECIES THAN
FIELD COMMUNITIES. ONE-FOURTH OF THE SPECIES FOUND IN FIELD BOXES ALSO
OCCURRED IN LABORATORY BOXES. SPECIES DENSITY, DIVERSITY, AND
DOMINANCE WERE SIMILAR IN BOTH ENVIRONMENTS IN FALL, 8UT DIFFERED IN
SPRING. THE DEGREE OF SIMILARITY OF LABORATORY ASSEMBLAGES OF BENTHIC
ANIMALS TO THE HIGHLY VARIABLE ASSEMBLAGES IN THE FIELD INDICATES
APPLICABILITY OF LABORATORY TOXICITY STUDIES TO NATURE.
TAGATZ, MARLIN E. IN PREP. TOXICITY OF CREOSOTE TO BENTHIC COMMUNITIES.
ENVIRON. TOXICOL. CHE*. 26P. CERL,G3 486).
MACROBENTHIC ANIMAL COMMUNITIES THAT COLONIZED UNCONTAMINATED AND
CREOSOTE-CONTAMINATES SAND C177, 844, AND 4420 UG/G, NOMINAL) DURING 8
WEEKS WERE COMPARED TO ASSESS EFFECTS OF MARINE-GRADE CREOSOTE ON
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE. AQUARIA WERE COLONIZED IN THE LABORATORY BY
PLANKTONIC LARVAE ENTRAINED IN CONTINUOUSLY SUPPLIED UNFILTEREO
SEAWATER ANO IN THE FI5LO BY ANIMALS THAT OCCURRED NATURALLY.
INDIVIDUALS AND SPECIES IN AQUARIA THAT CONTAINED 844 AND 4420 UG
CREOSOTE/G WERE SIGNIFICANTLY FEWER CALPHA=0.05) THAN THOSE IN THE
CONTROL. ABUNDANCE OF ANIMALS IN FIELD-COLONIZED COMMUNITIES
CONTAMINATED WITH 177 UG/G, BUT NOT IN LABORATORY-COLONIZED
COMMUNITIES. ALSO WAS LESS THAN THAT IN THE CONTROL. THE LOWEST
CONCENTRATION AT EITHER SITE THAT AFFECTED NUMBERS OF INDIVIDUALS OR
SPECIES WAS 844 UG/G FOR MOLLUSKS AND 177 UG/G FOR ECHlNOOERMSt
ANNELlOSt AND ARTHROPODS. THE SHANNON-WEAVER INDEX OF DIVERSITY,
SIMPSON'S INOEX OF DOMINANCE, ANO THE BRAY-CURTIS DISSIMILARITY INDEX
DIFFERENCES WERE GREATER WITH EACH INCREASE IN CREOSOTE CONCENTRATION.
RAREFACTION INDICES OF DIVERSITY INDICATES THAT THE DISTRIBUTION OF
INDIVIDUALS WITHIN SPECIES WAS ABOUT THE SAME FOR LABORATORY ANO FIELD
ASSEMBLAGES OF ANIMALS. INITIAL MEASURED CONCENTRATIONS OF CREOSOTE IN
SAND (MID-RANGE CONCENTRATION) DECREASED BY 30? IN THE LABORATORY ANO
BY 42* IN THE FIELD AT THE END OF THE EIGHT-WEEK TEST.
PACE 49
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TAGATZt M.E., C.H. DEANS, G.R. PLAI4, AND J.D. POOL, IN PRESS. IMPACT ON AND
RECOVERY OF EXPERIMENTAL MACROBSNTHIC COMMUNITIES EXPOSED TO
PENTACHLOROPH5NOL. NORTHEAST GULP SCI. CERL»G3 443).
RECOVERY OF MACROB5NTHIC ANIMAL COMMUNITIES WAS DETERMINED 7 WEEKS
AFTER A 5-WEEK EXPOSURE TO 55 UG/L PENTACHLOROPHENOL, THE COMMUNITIES
DEVELOPED FROM PLANKTONIC LARVAE IN AQUARIA CONTAINING CLEAN SAND AND
CONTINUOUSLY FLOWING ESTUARINE WATER. SIGNIFICANTLY FEWER (ALPHA=0.05)
INDIVIDUALS AND SPECIES OCCURRED IN CONTAMINATED AQUARIA THAN IN
CONTROL AQUARIA IMMEDIATELY AFTER EXPOSURE TO PENTACHLORQPHENQL.
NUMBERS OF ARTHROPODS, CHOROATES, ECHINQDERMS, AND MOLLUSKS WERE
DECREASED; ANNELIDS AND CQELENTSRATES WERE NOT AFFECTED. SEVEN WEEKS
AFTER EXPOSURE WAS DISCONTINUED, AND WITH CONTINUED INPUT OF ESTUARINE
WATER, THE COMMUNITIES SHOWED VARIOUS DEGREES OF RECOVERY, CARRY-OVER
EFFECTS, AND CHANGES UNRELATED TO EXPOSURE. EXCEPT FOR ANNELIDS THAT
WERE MORE ABUNDANT IN THE CONTROL, AVERAGE DENSITY OF ANIMALS AND
NUMBERS OF SPECIES PER PHYLUM IN PREVIOUSLY CONTAMINATED AQUARIA DID
NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFER FROM THOSE IN CONTROL AQUARIA. HOWEVER, THE
MQLLUSK THAT WAS DOMINANT AT 5 WEEKS ANO REDUCED IN CONTAMINATED
AQUARIA 010 NOT RECOVER AT 12 WEEKS. IN ADDITION, CHANGES IN RELATIVE
ABUNDANCE OF SPECIES AND PHYLA BETWEEN THE TWO PERIODS OCCURRED IN
BOTH CONTROL AND CONTAMINATED AQUARIA.
TAKITA, TORU, DOUGLAS P. MIQOAUGH, -AND JOHN M, DEAN. IN PREP. PREOATION OF
SPAWNING ATLANTIC SILVERSIOES, M6NIDIA MENIDIA, 8Y WADING 8IRDS AND AQUATIC
PREDATORS. ENVIRON. 3IQL. FISH. 20P.
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VAN V=LJ, P. A., AND J.C. SPAIN. IN PREP. 8I30EGR ADATIQN OF METHYLPARATHION,
P-NITROPHSNOL, AND P-CRESQL IN TH3£ = TYPES OF LABORATORY TEST SYSTEMS
(ABSTRACT). CERL,G3
THREc TYPES 3F LABORATORY TEST SYSTEM WERE USED TO MEASURE THE
8IQEGRAOATION OF METHYL PAR1THION CMP), P-NITRQPHENOL S209-214. CERLfGS 430).
THE MARINE OIATOMt SKELETQNEMA COSTATUM, WAS EXPOSED TO THE PESTICIDES
HEXACLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE, EPN, CHLORPYRIPOS, CARBONPHcNOTHIQN, AND
ATBAZXME AND EXAMINED FOR DEATH OF CELLS WITH EVANS BLUEi A MORTAL
STAIN. ALL PESTICIDES CAUSED DEATH OF CELLS, BUT SIGNIFICANTLY
MORTALITY OCCURRED AT CONCENTRATIONS GREATER THAN THE EC50. THE
INSECTICIDE, AMORQ, DID NOT KILL THE MARINE ALGAE S. CQSTATUM,
THALASSIOSIRA PSEUDONANA, ISOCHRYSIS GALBANA, CHLORELLA SP.t OR
DUNALIELLA TERTIOLECTA. HOWEVERt AMDRO WAS VERY INHIBITORY TO ALGAL
POPULATION 6ROWTH AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS! I.E.f ECSO'S AT 43 HOURS WERE
BETWEEN 0,14 PP8 FOR T. PSEUDQNANA AND 10.3 PPB FOR 0. TERTIOLECTA.
ECSO'S KfRE LOWEST AFTER 48 H3URS OF EXPOSURE IN TESTS CONDUCTED FOR
id HOURS. BY 95 HOURS AFTER EXPOSURE, MAXIMUM GROWTH RATES RECOMMENDED
TMATt BECAUSE OF PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FATE OF TOXICANTS, ALGAL
LABORATORY TOXICITY TESTS BE CONDUCTED FOR 48 TO T2 HOURS INSTEAD OF
THE USUAL 96 HOURS LONGER.
HH
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WALSH, GERALD E.f AND RICHARD L. GARN3S. 1983. DETERMINATION OF BIO&CTIVITY
OF CHEMICAL FACTIONS OF LIQUID WASTES USING FRESHWATER ANO SALTWATER ALGAE
AND CRUSTACEANS. ENVIRON. SCI. T5CHNQL. 17C3):180-182. , AND OIL (HURGHADA). ALTHOUGH THE STUDIES ARE DONE
TO EVALUATE POLLUTION EFFECTS IN 6GYPT, DATA AND DESCRIPTIVE AND
PREDICTIVE MODELS DERIVED FROM THEM SHOULD BE OF VALUE IN OTHER
SIMILAR GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS.
52
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WALSH, GERALD E. IN P*£SS. CHEMICAL FRACTIONATIQN AND BIOASSAY OF COMPLEX
WASTES CA3STRACT). PRESENTED AT THe MEETING 3F THE DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
CHEMISTRY, AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, MARCH-APRIL, 1982, LAS VEGAS, NEVA.
CeRL.GB 435).
A METHOD IS DESCRIBED FOR ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL
WASTES. THE METHOD US=S CHEMICAL FRACTIQNATION AND SU8FRACTIONATION
COMBINED WITH LABORATORY TQXICITY TESTS ON MARINE AND FRESHWATER ALGAE
AND CRUSTACEANS TO DETERMINE TOXICITY OF WHOLE WASTE AND TO IDENTIFY
ITS TOXIC COMPONETS. ENDPOINTS ARE STIMULATION OR INHIBITION OF ALGAL
POPULATION GROWTH AND DEATH OF CRUSTACEANS. ALGAE ARE PARTICULARLY
GOOD INDICATORS OF BIOACTIVITY, OFTEN REACTING TO GROWTH STIMULANTS AT
LOW CONCENTRATIONS CLESS THAN 0.1?) AND TO TOXICANTS AT HIGHER
CONCENTRATIONS IN A SINGLE WASTE. EFFECTS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES MAY
B£ SUPPRESSED BY OTHER 8IOACTIVE SUBSTANCES, ANO FRACTIONATION OFTEN
REVEALS EFFECTS NOT FOUND IN TESTS WITH RAH WASTE. AFTER
IDENTIFICATION OF TOXIC FRACTIONS ANO SU8FRACTIONS, PRODUCTION ANO
TREATMENT SYSTEMS CAN 3E MODIFIED TO ELIMINATE SPECIFIC TOXICANTS,
THUS SAVING THE CONSIDERABLE COST OF WHOLE WASTE TREATMENT.
WALSH, GERALD E. IN PRESS. EGYPTIAN-UNITED STATES PROJECT FOR STUOY OF
POLLUTION IN SALINE WATERS OF EGYPT (ABSTRACT). CERL.G8 414).
THE INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY AND FISHERIES OF THE EGYPTIAN ACADEMY OF
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE U.S.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA), CONDUCTS STUDIES ON POLLUTION
OF THE SALINE WATERS OF EGYPT. FUNDED UNDER THE PL480 PROGRAM, THE
RESEARCH PROJECT ENTITLED "INVESTIGATION OF LEVEL AND EFFECTS OF
POLLUTANTS IN SALINH LAKES AND LITTORAL MARINE ENVIRONMENTS"
IDENTIFIES EFFECTS OF POLLUTION AT LABORATORIES ON THE MEDITERRANEAN
SEA, RED SEA, AND LAKE QARUN. BASIC STUDIES ON THE 3IOLOGY AND
CHEMISTRY OF EACH AREA ARE CONDUCTED ANO LABORATORY TESTS DONE ON
SPECIFIC POLLUTANTS. POPULATION PROBLEMS ARE DIFFERENT AT EACH
LABORATORY SITS, AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES HAVE SEEN PLANNED WITH REGARD
FOR LOCAL CONDITIONS AND INTERESTS OF STAFF RESEARCHERS. AT THE
LABORATORY IN ALEXANDRIA, EFFECTS OF POLLUTION BY INDUSTRIAL ANO
MUNICIPAL WASTES IN COASTAL LAKES AND THE COASTAL MEDITERRANEAN ARE
STUDIED IN THE FIELD AND BY LABORATORY 8I3ASSAYS. EXTENSIVE CHEMICAL
ANALYSES ANO A STRONG COMPUTER PROGRAM COMPLETE THE OVERALL PROJECT.
AT THE RED SEA, THE LABORATORY AT AL GH4RDAQA CONDUCTS FIELD ANO
LABORATORY STUDIES ON EFFECTS OF OIL ON 8ENTHIC AND PELAGIC ORGANISMS
ANO CONDUCTS CHEMICAL ANALYSES FOR POLLUTANTS BY PLANTS ANO ANIMALS
ARE STUDIED IN THE FIELD AND LABORATORY AT LAKE QARUN, A SALINE INLAND
LAKE.
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WHITE, DAVID C., JANET S. NICKELS, MICHAEL J. GEHRON, JEFFREY H./MARTZ
PARKER, ROBERT F., ANO NORMAN L. RICHARDS. IN PREP. BIOCHEMICAL MEASURES OF
CORAL METABOLIC ACTIVITY, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND MICROBIAL INFECTION WITH
EXPOSURE TO OIL AND GAS WELL DRILLING FLUIDS. PP. 1-24. CERL,GB X394).
THE «EEF BUILDING CORAL MCNTASTREA ANNULARUS WAS EXPOSED CONTINUOUSLY
TO SUSPENSIONS OF OIL AND GAS-WELL DRILLING FLUIDS AT CONCENTRATIONS
OF 0.1 ML LITSR C-U, 0.01 ML LITER (-1), AND 0.001 ML LITER C-l> IN
FLOWING SEAWATER AT THE U.S. NAVAL STAGE I PLATFORM (30 DEGREES 7.5 *
N, 85 DEGREES 46.3' W). AFTER 6 WEEKS EXPOSURE, CORAL FRAGMENTS OF 30
TO 60 CM SQUARED SURFACE AREA WERE BROKEN OFF, RINSED IN SEAWATER, AND
EXTRACTED IN A ONE-PHASE CHLOROFORM-HETHfiNOL SEAWATER EXTRACT AND
RETURNED TO THE LABORATORY. IN THE LABORATORY, THE EXTRACTION MAS
COMPLETED AND THE LIPIOS WERE ANALYZED FOR THEIR PHOSPHOLIPIO CONTENT,
ALKYL FATTY ACID COMPOSITION, iNO NEUTRAL LIPIO TRIGLYCERIOE GLYCEROL.
THt AQUEOUS PHASE WAS ANALYZED P08 FRE: AMINO ACID COMPOSITION.
BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE OF STRESS WAS REFLECTED IN THE CESSATION OF
GROWTH AS MEASURED IN DEPRESSED OIACYL PHOSPHOLIPIO. DETAILED ANALYSIS
OF THE ACYL FATTY ACID COMPOSITION BY CAPILLARY GAS CHROHATOGRAPHY
SHOWED CHANGES IN POLYcNOIC FATTY ACIDS SUGGESTING POSSIBLE CHANGES IM
THE METABOLISM OF THE FATTY AGIOS INDUCED BY THE EXPOSURE TO THE
DRILLING FLUIDS. THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON THE LEVEL OF
TRIGLYCERIOE GLYCEROL. THE CQ3AL ALSO SHOWED INCREASED LEVELS OF THE
FREE ASPARTIC ACID AND A DOSE-R5SPONSE RELATED DECREASE IN THE FRfE
GLUTAMIC ACID WITH EXPOSURE. THIS EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT BIOCHEMICAL
ANALYSIS OF METABOLIC ACTIVITY AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS MAY B£ USEFUL AS
MARKERS FQR POLLUTION INDUCED CHANGES IN REEF SUILOING CORALS AND THUS
FOR MONITORING CORAL REEFS.
PAGE 54
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