WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES • 12130 EGK 06/71
Biological Treatment of
Chlorophenolic Wastes
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY • WATER QUALITY OFFICE
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Water Pollution Control Research Series
The Water Pollution Control Research Reports describe
the results and prpgress in the control and abatement of
pollution in our Nation's waters. They provide a central
source of information on the research, development, and
demonstration activities in the Water Quality Office, in the
Environmental Protection Agency, through in-house research
and grants and contracts with Federal, State, and local agen-
cies, research institutions, and industrial organizations.
Inquiries pertaining to Water Pollution Control Research
Reports should be directed to the Head, Project Reports System,
Water Quality Office, Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D. C. 20242.
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BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF CHLOROPHENOLIC WASTES
The Demonstration of a Facility for the Biological Treatment
of a
Complex Chlorophenolic Waste.
by
The City of Jacksonville, Arkansas
Jacksonville, Arkansas 72076
for the
WATER QUALITY OFFICE,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
PROJECT NO. 12130 EGK
(formerly No. 11060 EGK)
June, 1971
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.50
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EPA Review Notice
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental
Protection Agency and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents neces-
sarily reflect views and policies of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
11
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ABSTRACT
Installation of a completely stirred aeration lagoon between
an existing conventional sewage treatment plant and existing
stabilization ponds avoided hydraulic overloading of the
former and reduced BOD loading of the latter. Joint treatment
of domestic sewage and an industrial waste having high BOD
and chlorophenols was facilitated. The study confirmed earlier
findings that the organisms present in domestic sewage readily
destroy complex chlorophenols and related materials. Glycolates
and acetates contributing to the high BOD of the industrial
waste were also readily oxidized biologically. High sodium
chloride levels in the treated mixed waste did not adversely
effect biological activity. Joint treatment of the complex
chlorophenolic wastes combined with normal sewage gave rise
to biolgical data which did not differ in any significant
manner from that to be expected in a similar system receiving
only normal sewage.
An historical background of the problem at Jacksonville,
Arkansas; design and construction information, and the
chemical and biological data resulting from the system study
are presented.
This report was submitted in partial fulfillment of Project
No, 12130 EGK between the Water Quality Office, Evnironmental
Protection Agency and the City of Jacksonville, Arkansas.
111
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CONTENTS
Section
I Conclusions
II Recommendations
III Introduction
IV Development of Treatment Process
V Hydrologic and Climatic Data
VI Operational Studies
VII Chemical Studies
VIII Rate Studies
IX Biological Studies
X Cost Analysis
XI Discussion
XII Acknowledgements
XIII References
XIV Appendices: A
B
C
D
1
2
3
9
19
25
37
59
77
87
89
92
93
94
128
157
165
IV
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DRAWINGS
Page
1 General Layout- Sewage Treatment Plant 12
2 Aerated Pond Details 13
3 In-Plant Waste Treatment 17
MAPS
1 Headwaters of Bayou Meto, Arkansas 7
2 Bayou Meto in Relation to the Arkansas River 8
PHOTOGRAPHS
1 Empty Lagoon 14
2 Filled Lagoon 15
FIGURES
1 Chloride Content v£ Time 52
2 Change of BOD,- In A Mixture of Industrial
Plant Effluent Under Constant Aeration 62
3 Change of Mixed Chlorophenol Concentration
With Time 63
4 Log DO Remaining In A 1:100 Dilution Of
Industrial Waste in Aeration Lagoon Effluent 65
5 Removal Of 2,4-DCP and 2,4-D Acid 67
6 Removal of 2,6-DCP and 2,6-D Acid 68
7 Removal of 2,4-DP Acid 69
8 Removal of 2,4,5-TCP and 2,4,5-T Acid 70
9 Removal of 2,4,6-TCP and 2,4,6-T Acid 71
10 Removal of 2,4,5-TP Acid 72
11 Change In Pentachlorophenol Concentration 75
12 Log-.Q Of Pentachlorophenol Concentration
Reacted vs Time 76
v
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FIGURES
(Cont.)
Paqe
B-l Sampling Point Locations - Bacteriological 78
B-2 Coliform Organisms - Seasonal Intensives 82
B-3 Seasonal Variation in Plankton 84
B-4 Period of Plant Operation - Relationship to
Seasonal Intensive Biological Studies 85
VI
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TABLES
Page
I Averaged Flow Data 20
II Climatological Summary 22
III Rainfall 23
IV Wet-Well Contents 28
V Aeration Lagoon Influent 29
VI Filter Effluent 30
VII Terminal Manhole - Air Base Sewer Line 32
VIII Terminal Manhole - City Sewer Line 33
IX Data Obtained 5/27-9/30 1969 42
X Loading and Disposition 5/27-9/30 1969 43
XI Average Unit Efficiencies 5/27-9/30 1969 43
XII Data Obtained while Aerator No. 1 Not
In Service 44
XIII Averaged Loading of Industrial Waste and
Disposition 46
XIV Unit Efficiencies 1/17-4/17 1970 47
XV Data Obtained 4/20-5/11 1970 48
XVI Data Obtained 5/11-6/12 1970 48
XVII Averaged Loading of Industrial Waste and
Disposition 4/20-5/11 1970 49
XVIII Averaged Loading of Industrial Waste and
Disposition 5/11-6/12 1970 49
XIX Unit Efficiencies 4/20-5/11 1970 50
XX Unit Efficiencies 5/11-6/12 1970 50
XXI Analysis of Industrial Waste 51
XXI-A Chlorophenol Content of Industrial Waste 51
VII
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TABLES
(Cont'd)
Paqe
XXII Averaged Data Obtained 7/13/70 - 9/11/70
During Operation as Indicated 53
XXIII Apparent Efficiency of Aeration Lagoon
With Low Industrial Waste 55
XXIV Data From East Jacksonville Sewage
Treatment Plant 55
XXV Bayou Meto at Arkansas Highway 161 56
XXVI BOD - COD Relationship 57
XXVII Data for Rate Constant 60
XXVIII Aerated Mixture of Plant Effluent and
Aeration Lagoon Effluent 61
XXIX Change in DO Content of 1:100 Dilution of
Industrial Plant Effluent in Aeration
Lagoon Effluent
XXX Change in Pentachlorophenol Concentration 74
Appendix-A Survey Summary of Plankton Organisms 94
Appendix-B Bacteria and Plankton -
Fall Intensive 128
Winter Intensive 135
Spring Intensive 141
Summer Intensive 147
Appendix-C Biological Survey - Upper Bayou Meto
Dec. 1969 157
Appendix-D Biological Survey - Upper Bayou Meto
Dec. 1970 165
Vlll
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SECTION I
CONCLUSIONS
Biological degradation of the complex waste associated with
the manufacture of herbicides, specifically 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T
and 2,4,5-TP acids, may be accomplished under actual field
conditions of operation of a sewage treatment plant with the
proper dilution obtained by joint treatment. This project
demonstrated that the pilot plant studies related to such
wastes reported in other literature are valid.
Following new construction and operation of the joint treat-
ment system, complaints regarding taste and odor in fish and
of the receiving stream have not occurred, although analyt-
ical data indicated a level of phenolics somewhat above the
threshold values reported in the literature.
The biological information gathered in this study indicates
that conditions prevailing in the joint treatment system do
not differ in any significant way from those to be expected
in a similar system that does not receive complex chloro-
phenolic wastes combined with the normal sewage.
Iii vitro experiments with individual chlorophenols and the
related chlorophenoxy acids diluted with aeration lagoon
effluent indicated that these substances are rapidly
decomposed when sufficient biological population has been
developed. Obviously the nutrient requirements for good
bacterial growth must have been met by the aeration lagoon
mixture.
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SECTION II
RECOMMENDATIONS
Although the industrial plant manufacturing phenoxyalkanoic
herbicides did not operate continuously during the period of
this study, for reasons beyond our control, the information
and data provided is valid, if somewhat incomplete in some
respects. It would have been more satisfactory to have had
all operating conditions nearly constant throughout the
study period.
Further research into the biological and chemical character-
istics of the system would be desirable. Neither time nor
personnel permitted isolation of the bacterial strains
responsible for the apparent ring-opening of the chlorinated
phenolics and derivatives or chemical determination of the
specific breakdown products.
It is suggested that in future studies of chemicals which
show refractory or poor biological degradation when mixed
with biota of normal sewage, that they be carefully exam-
ined by means of prolonged in vitro methods to permit
development of bacterial strains capable of their rapid
destruction by metabolic or enzymatic destruction.
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SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
The City of Jacksonville, Arkansas, typical of many rapidly
developing communities in the southern United States, faced
a serious problem at one of its two sewage disposal plants.
This situation resulted in part because of population
growth and in part because an industry discharged a waste
having a high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), including a
portion of chlorophenolics related to herbicidal manufacture.
The results of a special survey in the upper Bayou Meto
basin, conducted by the Arkansas Pollution Control Commis-
sion in 1967 led to the conclusion that the West Sewage
Treatment system of Jacksonville was both hydraulically and
organically overloaded. It therefore was stipulated that
there should be no new industrial waste, or industrial
expansion with accompanying increase in organic waste
material or other toxic substances which could further
upset the system.
The industry involved was requested to take further
measures to reduce to a minimum the output of chlorophenolic
materials in their process waste water, thereby reducing the
possibility of toxic materials being discharged to Bayou
Meto from the sewage treatment system.
Accordingly, a proposal designed to relieve the organic
overloading of Bayou Meto and to improve the removal of
chlorophenolics prior to discharge to the receiving stream
was developed by consulting engineers retained by the City
of Jacksonville. This proposal consisted essentially in
providing an aeration basin in addition to the existing
West Treatment Plant facilities. It was proposed that the
aeration basin be located so as to permit aeration of the
total flow in the system following treatment of a part
of the total flow through the existing conventional treat-
ment plant. Thereby hydraulic overloading of the existing
plant could be avoided, but the combined treated and
untreated portions could then be aerated before discharge
to the existing stabilization ponds which discharge to
Bayou Meto the receiving stream. The aeration step was
predicated on the assumption that it would promote the
bacterial degradation of the chlorophenolic industrial
waste, based on published articles (1/2,3,6) and private
communications (4,5).
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Purpose and Scope:
The purpose of this project was to finalize the design,
construction, and operation for joint treatment of an
industrial waste together with a municipal waste; to study
the biological and chemical effects of the treatment, and
to provide hydraulic data which would permit evaluation of
the joint treatment.
The scope of the design, construction, and operation work
was intended to permit the demonstration of the process
of joint treatment of an industrial herbicidal waste in
conjunction with a municipal waste by a biological treat-
ment system under full scale operation of the Jacksonville
West Sewage Treatment Plant. The adequacy of nutrients
from the domestic waste on the bio-degradation of the
industrial waste was to be determined and optimized with
due consideration of peak hydraulic loads. Also, the
efficiency and feasibility of the overall system for
effective treatment and control of chlorophenoxy herbicide
concentrations of receiving waters was to be established.
The biological study was to include investigations of the
factors which influence the removal of chlorophenolics by
the biological system, and a study of the organisms in
various parts of the treatment system and receiving waters.
The chemical study was to include the choice of suitable
methods for the identification and determination of the
various chlorophenolics encountered and where feasible to
apply the methods to determine the relative rates of
biochemical degradation.
The hydraulic study was to obtain necessary quantity and
quality data of the various waste sources flowing into the
West Treatment Plant as well as the effluent from the
industrial plant and the waste waters within the plant, to
permit evaluation of the project.
The overall project study was to permit evaluation of the
feasibility and performance of the joint treatment of
herbicidal-domestic wastes, and pollution abatement of
receiving waters, as a result of the project actions and
the treatment system used during the period of the project.
Historical Background;
In 1961 the City of Jacksonville, Arkansas, improved their
existing West Sewage Treatment Plant. At that time, in
addition to rehabilitation of the pumping station and
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clarigesters, a new secondary digester was added, with
sludge drying beds and gas heating equipment/ and 44 acres
of stabilization ponds were provided.
Generally, these facilities were designed to serve a
projected equivalent population of 17,800 persons;
estimated to consist of 10,300 persons on the Little Rock
Air Force Base and 7,500 persons in the City. The design
was for an average daily flow of 1.78 million gallons per
day (MGD), with a maximum installed pump capacity of
4.8 MGD to the plant, and 6.8 MGD to the ponds.
The organic load used in the design of those existing
sewage treatment facilities was 3,560 pounds of 5-day
biochemical oxygen demand (6005) per day. It was assumed
that 63% would be removed in the conventional plant, or a
total of 2,250 pounds per day, leaving 1,310 pounds per
day in the influent to the stabilization ponds.
Since 1961 the waste from a plant manufacturing phenoxy-
alkanoic herbicides in Jacksonville has been added to the
west treatment plant. When the City of Jacksonville first
considered accepting the waste from the plant for treatment
in the municipal treatment facility, it was believed that
the only objectionable qualities in the industrial waste
were its low pH and its chlorophenolic content. It was
not anticipated at that time that the industrial waste
would also be high in organic loading. The plant installed
facilities for neutralizing the acidity of the industrial
waste and the City of Jacksonville then accepted the waste
for treatment in the municipal treatment system. The
industrial waste water, neutralized to pH 7.2, was added
to the City sewer at a low rate of flow on August 18, 1964,
reaching the full plant effluent flow on October 1, 1964
by gradually increasing rates during that period.
Prior to this arrangement for treating the industrial
waste, commercial fishermen and residents along Bayou Meto
had frequently complained of odors in Bayou Meto, odd odors
and taste in fish, and also of occasional fish kills in the
stream. After the City had accepted the industrial waste
for treatment in the municipal plant, these complaints
continued, though reduced in number, resulting in a special
survey in the Upper Bayou Meto Basin by the Arkansas
Pollution Control Commission in the first half of 1967.
This special survey indicated that the average sewage flow
reaching the Jacksonville West Treatment Plant in June,
1967 was 2.4 MGD, containing a BODs of 372 mg/1. Thus, the
total BODg in the sewage treatment plant (STP) influent was
7,650 pounds per day.
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The survey further indicated that the existing
clarigester-roughing filter treatment plant was removing
only approximately 1,968 pounds of 8005 per day, with
5,682 pounds per day going to the 44 acres of stabiliza-
tion pond. This represented a loading on the existing
ponds of approximately 130 pounds of 3005 per acre per
day. Such a loading exceeded the level recommended by the
Arkansas State Department of Health by 100 pounds BOD,, per
acre per day.
In spite of this tremendous overload, the City's sewage
treatment facilities were producing a reasonably satisfac-
tory effluent in June, 1967. The average BOD5 in the
effluent from the stabilization ponds was 55 mg/1, includ-
ing the oxygen demand of the algae content of the effluent.
The average total phenol content of the influent to the
ponds was 6.2 mg/1 during March and April, 1967 and also
in June, 1967, as reported in the Special Survey of Bayou
Meto. The pond effluent averaged 1.0 mg/1 of total phenol
during this period, representing a reduction of 85 percent
across the ponds. However, spot checks of the phenolic
content of the pond effluent earlier in the year, when
algae growths in the ponds were materially less by reason
of winter weather, indicated that in the winter little or
no removal of phenolics was being accomplished.
Past complaints indicated that Bayou Meto might be one of
the most polluted streams in Arkansas. Lawsuits by
property owners along Bayou Meto below Jacksonville have
occurred because of this alleged pollution. It was there-
fore imperative that any pollution occasioned by the
effluent from the City's West Sewage Treatment facility be
reduced to a minimum.
Bayou Meto
Bayou Meto, the receiving waters of effluent from the
Jacksonville West STP, is a sluggish stream having a total
drainage area of about 995 square miles at its mouth. Its
headwaters lie generally northwest and west of Jacksonville,
Arkansas, from which it flows meanderingly in a direction
southeasterly through lowlands and farming country. It
empties into the Arkansas River at a point about 10 miles
northwest of Pendleton, Arkansas.
Map No. 1 shows the location of Jacksonville and the Little
Rock Air Force Base in relation to the headwaters of Bayou
Meto. Map No. 2 shows the extent and general location of
the bayou in relation to the Arkansas River.
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MAP NO. I
HEADWATERS OF BAYOU METO. ARKANSAS
FAULKNER /I
COUNTY
0 Sewage Treatment Plant'
9 Industrial Plant
SCALE
I 0 I 2 3 4
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MAP NO. 2
BAYOU METO IN RELATION TO THE ARKANSAS RIVER
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SECTION IV
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT PROCESS
Development of Proposed Method of Treatment
In the special survey of the Upper Bayou Meto Basin by the
Arkansas Pollution Control Commission, the average sewage
flow reaching the Jacksonville West Treatment Plant in
June, 1967 was 2.45 MGD, of which some 85,000 gallons was
the flow from the industrial plant. The data presented
in that report shows typical analyses of the combined flow
reaching the City STP and of the industrial waste water,
separately.
"TABLE I
TYPICAL CHEMICAL ANALYSES
JACKSONVILLE, ARKANSAS
June, 1967
Combined
Municipal and Industrial
Industrial Waste Waste
pH ppm 7.2 7.3
Total Alkalinity ppm 195 896
BOD ppm 372 5,328
COD ppm 543 6,768
Total Solids ppm 3,286 83,610
Suspended Solids ppm 171 762
Settleable Solids ml/1 5.8 40
Chlorides ppm 1,449 38,160
Phenol at pH 10 ppm 2.6 59.6
Phenol at pH 7.9 ppm 6.2 121.8
Flow at STP MGD 2.47
Flow from Plant Gal. 85,000 "
The analyses presented then suggest that it would be
extremely difficult to treat the industrial waste separate-
ly, but that when it is mixed with the municipal sewage the
combined flow is susceptible to conventional treatment.
Also, the analyses indicate that the problem of adequate
treatment involves primarily removal of organic load as
measured by 5-day biochemical oxygen demand and removal of
phenols.
Simple phenolic wastes that are too dilute for practical
recovery can be treated and the phenols decomposed by some
form of oxidation. Aeration in the activated sludge
process and oxidation in film flow biological oxidation
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systems (trickling filters), or as a combination of these
two treatment processes, have been successful. On the
basis of the literature cited, it was believed that the
more complex chlorophenols, under properly controlled
conditions, could also be removed by these methods. How-
ever, such conventional treatment methods are costly, both
in initial construction cost and in operation and mainte-
nance cost.
Experience with the combined wastes at Jacksonville during
1964-1967 indicated that the removal of phenols, including
chlorophenols, can be effected most economically in surface
aerated oxidation ponds. This experience also indicated
that during winter months when algae activity in such
lagoons is reduced, the removal of both BOD5 and phenols is
poor. These facts suggested that the most economical
method for supplementary treatment of the combined wastes
might be the installation of an aerated lagoon ahead of the
existing two 22-acre stabilization ponds.
On the basis of then current knowledge of aerated lagoons,
it appeared that the construction cost of a lagoon in the
case of Jacksonville would be materially less than for
conventional activated sludge or trickling filters, and
that the annual operation and maintenance cost would be
less.
As a result, it was proposed in early 1968 that the
existing clarigester-fliter plant be continued in service,
treating a 1 MGD portion of the combined sewage flow at a
uniform rate. This 1 MGD of treated sewage, together with
all of the rest of the combined flow, would then be pumped
to an aerated lagoon. After passing through the aerated
lagoon, the effluent from that process would then flow into
the existing 44-acres of stabilization ponds, which would
in effect become finishing ponds. The effluent from the
stabilization ponds would enter the receiving stream via an
existing earthen ditch.
From the best information then available, it appeared that
this plan would involve an aerated pond with an effective
area of approximately three (3) acres. The pond contents
would require complete stirring and provision of oxygena-
tion capacity of about 745 pounds of oxygen per hour. This
was estimated to be adequate for treatment of an applied
BOD5 of 9,650 pounds per day with a pond volume of 8.64 MG
and an average influent of 2.88 MGD with a BOD of about
400 mg/1. 5
10
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This proposal was found acceptable by the Arkansas
Pollution Control Commission and the Arkansas State
Department of Health, and formed the basic process system
of the present study.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
The design was finalized, plans and specifications were
prepared, and construction was begun on November 4, 1968.
No unanticipated problems arose during the construction
period, which was essentially complete on May 7, 1969. The
usual minor delays due to availability of specialized parts
and equipment were not serious.
Details of the aeration lagoon and its relationship to the
existing facilities are shown in Drawings No. 1 and 2.
The lagoon has a capacity of approximately 8.4 MG, with a
3-day detention time at an average flow of 2.88 MGD. The
bottom of the basin was excavated to a uniform grade to
provide a normal operating depth of approximately 12 feet.
Under normal conditions the average flow of 2.5 MGD results
in a detention time of about 3.4 days and an operating
depth of about 11.5 feet.
The upper section of the inside slope of the dike was
surfaced with crushed stone to prevent soil erosion at the
water's edge. The top of the dikes was surfaced to
facilitate vehicular access around the basin.
Each of the 75 hp floating aerator units is held in posi-
tion by three radial anchor cables attached to deadmen
buried in the levee fill. One cable for each unit also
supports the power service cable from the control panel to
the motor.
The aeration units each have the capacity to transfer 249
pounds of oxygen per hour. The combined design capacity
is sufficient to transfer 23,900 pounds of oxygen per day,
which is considered adequate to treat an applied 6005 load
of at least 9,650 pounds per day with an excess of 2 mg/1
of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the effluent.
Each aerator drive mechanism is supported by a circular,
fiberglass, doughnut type raft consisting of a three-
compartment circular pontoon. The rotating element turns
within the circular pontoon and consists of a fabricated
steel blade plate which carries 32 cupped blades, 8 feet
in overall outside diameter. The oxygenation capacity of
each aerator may be varied from a maximum of 249 pounds
11
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PHOTOGRAPH NO. 1
EMPTY LAGOON
,
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PHOTOGRAPH NO. 2
FILLED LAGOON
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per hour to a minimum of 166 pounds per hour by varying the
submergence of the rotating blades. Submergence is
controlled by ballast water within the hollow pontoon
sections. Each drive unit is fitted with geared speed
reducers to slow the speed of the rotating aeration element
to a maximum of 37 RPM.
The four units have a pumping rate of 51,000 gallons per
minute each/ and when operating together can change the
contents of the lagoon approximately every 41 minutes.
The average velocity of liquid throughout the lagoon with
four units in operation is about 0.5 foot per second.
The position of the aerators in the empty lagoon is shown
in Photograph No. 1. Influent to the lagoon is on the
bottom below aerator No. 4 in the foreground of the
picture. Photograph No. 2 illustrates the filled lagoon
with the four aeration units in operation.
Pumping Facilities;
Sewage reaches the Jacksonville West STP via separate lines
from a large part of the City of Jacksonville and from the
Little Rock Air Force Base. These two lines terminate in
a common underground wet-well located adjacent to the
Jacksonville West STP pump house.
The combined sewage may be handled by four different pumps
from the wet-well: One 700 gallons per minute (GPM) pump
may be used continuously to feed the conventional sewage
treatment system, which was designed for a flow of one
MGD. Treated liquor from this system is returned
continuously to the wet-well after passing over the rocks
of the film flow biological oxidation section (trickling
filters). Two 1,320 GPM pumps, piped in parallel,
discharge into a 12-inch force main which connects to an
18-inch force main line leading directly to the inlet
structure of the aeration basin. These pumps operate
automatically, singly or together as required, to maintain
a level in the wet-well for total flows up to about 3.8
MGD. For greater flows, one 2,570 GPM pump is piped
separately from the wet-well to the 18-inch force main.
This pump automatically cuts-in to handle flows in excess
of 3.8-4.0 MGD.
Industrial Plant Pre-Treatment;
A schematic diagram of the industrial plant waste stream
pre-treatment is shown in Drawing No. 3. The industrial
plant waste is collected by an in-plant system of
16
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DRAWING -3
II
Plant Process Wast
IN-PLANT WASTE TREATMENT
Hercules Incorporated
Jacksonville
Arkansas
11 x- Tile Drainage
\W
Flow Gauge
& pH Control
Lime Slurry
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'To Jacksonville
Sewage Treatment Plant
juime t>zurry & ~—»j —^ »
*» N.Linie^ Storage i *t
Neutralization
Ditch
Scale: 1" = @ 40'
17
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underground pipes with skimming sumps for removal of light
or heavy liquid phases. The aqueous phase is processed
through a crushed limestone filled neutralization ditch
fabricated of acid resistant brick. The liquid passes
through successive "piles" of limestone which serves to
impede flow, permitting time for neutralization. Effluent
from the ditch passes to the in-plant equalization pond at
pH of about 5.3-5.8. The effluent from the equalization
pond is further adjusted to pH 7.2 by automatic addition of
slaked lime slurry in a continuously stirred pit. The
neutral waste overflows to a rectangular settling pit or
turbulence quieting section and thence over a weir, reach-
ing the City sewer via a six-inch pipe. Measurement of pH
is made within the liming pit for purposes of continuous
record and control. The quantity of waste leaving the
industrial plant is continuously measured by level in the
quieting section ahead of the outlet weir.
18
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SECTION V
HYDROLOGIC AND CLIMATIC DATA
Flow Measurements:
Total flow in the system was measured by a newly installed
level recording device at the influent section of the aera-
tion lagoon. This recorded the level of flow over a
Cipoletti weir having a three (3) foot crest. The charts
were changed daily and the flow in MGD was determined with
the aid of a graph relating depth of flow over the weir to
volume.
Flow from the stabilization ponds was measured by a newly
installed level recording device at the outlet of Pond
No. 1. Since the pond outlet weirs are at the same eleva-
tion and are as nearly identical as possible, the flow at
the outlet of Pond No. 1 was doubled to obtain the total
out-flow to a ditch leading to Bayou Meto, the receiving
stream.
Flow from the Air Base was determined from an existing
automatic level detector recording instantaneous flow in
MGD and employing a seven day chart. This device was used
to record flow through a Parshall flume located close to
the wet-well, in the sewer line from the Air -Base.
Measurements with this flow meter were not wholly satis-
factory. Calibration was difficult to maintain accurately.
However, enough measurements were made available to
indicate that the flow from the City and from the Air Base
were practically equal during periods of dry weather.
Considerable infiltration of the sewer lines was noted
during periods of heavy general rain. Most of this
appeared to come through the City lines which are consider-
ably older than those of the Air Base. Installation of the
high capacity pump in the system, to keep the wet-well
level below the flood point of the entering lines, made
measurement of the relative separate flows more practical
by visual observation.
Total flow through the aeration lagoon and from the
stabilization ponds is presented in Table I. The data
shown represents averaged flow for two week periods from
May 16, 1969 through July 15, 1970.
19
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TABLE I
AVERAGED
Time Period
May 16-31, 1969
June 1-15
June 16-30
July 1-15
July 16-31
August 1-15
August 16-31
September 1-15
September 16-30
October 1-15
October 16-31
November 1-15
November 16-30
December 1-15
December 16-31
January 1-15, 1970
January 16-31
February 1-15
February 16-28
March 1-15
March 16-31
April 1-15
April 16-30
May 1-15
May 16-31
June 1-15
June 16-30
July 1-15
FLOW DATA
Aeration Basin
Influent
2.24
1.97
2.30
1.95
2.45
2.12
2.40
2.13
2.09
2.45
2.45
2.01
2.50
2.77
2.74
3.70
3.09
3.37
3.36
3.97
3.59
2.88
4.12
2.93
2.41
2.59
2.26
2.01
DETN . *
13
11
13
14
16
15
14
14
13
11
9
15
14
15
12
10
16
6
11
10
12
14
11
11
10
13
15
15
Stabilization Ponds
Effluent
2.82
1.91
2.57
1.84
2.03
1.47
2.13
1.52
1.51
1.57
— **
1.57
2.42
2.34
2.16
3.62
2.68
3.80
2.93
4.33
3.30
2.90
4.25
2.70
1.76
2.29
1.58
1.44
DETN . *
16
15
14
7
15
15
12
15
15
8
0
11
14
*
15
11
11
10
6
9
14
9
15
15
15
15
15
11
9
*DETN. - Number of days for which measurements were avail-
able.
ition Pond Recorder stolen on or a]
1969 - Replaced November 3, 1969.
able.
**Stabilization Pond Recorder stolen on or about October 9,
20
-------
Weather Conditions:
A summary of the average air temperature and amount of
rainfall during the period May, 1969 through August, 1970
is given in Table II. Dates and amounts of rain measured
at the Little Rock Air Force Base weather station are
reported in Table III.
Evaporative Effects:
It was not possible to determine effects of evaporation
due to aeration. For practical reasons, the effluent
volume was assumed to be identical to that of the influent.
The volume of effluent from the stabilization ponds was
found to vary from the daily total flow in an understand-
able, but unpredictable way. The average volume leaving
the ponds generally was less than the average volume of
flow through the lagoon, but heavy rain readily reversed
this behavior. Although there were indications of heavy
infiltration of the sewer system, the rapid reaction of
the ponds to heavy rain was due to simple entrapment by
the 44 acre surface. This is to be expected when it is
remembered that one inch of rainfall on 44 acres represents
nearly 1.2 MG of volume.
During the summer months the ratio of volume leaving the
ponds to that entering approached 70%, but there did not
seem to be a practical way to separate concentration
effects.
21
-------
TABLE II
CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY
May, 1969 - August, 1970
Month
1969;
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1970:
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Daily Temperature
Mean
Max. °F
80.7
86.6
94.7
88.7
83.9
74.1
60.4
49.3
45.6
52.2
56.4
74.8
83.2
87.6
89.4
89.9
Mean
Min.°F
59.1
66.9
76.5
66.8
62.5
52.0
36.5
32.1
25.6
32.2
39.3
57.9
59.7
66.8
68.9
70.9
•Range'°F
42 - 88
47 - 97
68 -103
59 -100
51 - 93
36 - 91
20 - 72
25 - 67
6
13
26
32
75
70
75
84
44 - 92
53 - 98
56 -101
59 - 96
Number Total
Days Precipitation
Rain (Inches)
10
7
6
4
5
9
5
12
9
11
12
12
4
6
7
8
4.60
4.34
2.84
2.60
2.02
5.08
3.81
8.20
1.23
4.21
5.76
8.58
53.27
0.74
2.48
2.88
1.98
22
-------
TABLE III
RAINFALL
May, 1969 - August, 1970
DATE
1969:
May 4
7
8
11
12
17
18
24
28
29
June 9
13
14
18
20
O T
21
23
24
July 1
13
19
24
25
26
27
Aug. 14
15
16
17
18
20
21
22
31
AMOUNT
(Inches)
0.40
0.64
0.07
0.02
0.18
2.32
0.23
0.18
0.05
0.51
4.60
0.42
0.12
0.04
tr
0.24
1C" *"l
. 52
1.09
0.91
4 34
T • J_
0.07
2 .60
DATE
1969:
Sept. 2
3
4
7
16
23
Oct. 6
10
1 1
JL. -L
12
13
25
29
30
31
Nov. 2
3
7
11
13
14
16
17
18
27
Dec. 5
6
7
18
20
21
24
25
27
28
29
30
31
AMOUNT
(Inches)
0.27
0.20
tr
0.04
0.53
0.98
2.02
1.32
0.32
0 "3Q
\j • .j _/
0.14
0.92
0.02
0.03
1.84
0.10
5.08
0.09
tr
tr
0.07
tr
tr
tr
2.21
1.23
0.21
3.81
0.25
1.94
0.12
0.01
0.10
0.32
0.25
0.04
0.03
2.91
1.61
0.62
tr
DATE
AMOUNT
(Inches)
1970;
Jan. 5
6
10
11
16
17
18
19
20
21
28
Feb. 1
2
5
6
8
14
15
22
23
24
25
28
Mar. 1
2
3
4
7
11
12
16
17
18
19
21
25
28
30
0.20
0.14
0.50
0.06
0.02
0.11
0.16
tr
0.01
0.03
tr
1.
1.41
0.16
tr
!»• J_
0.10
0 .13
0.52
1.17
0.12
0.06
0.15
0.10
0.29
4.
0.09
0.87
1.23
0.01
tr
0.79
0.01
tr
1.52
tr
0.02
0.19
0.72
0.27
0.04
5.
23
21
76
8.20
23
-------
TABLE III - Cont'
d:
RAINFALL
DATE
1970:
Apr.
May 1
1
5
12
15
16
17
18
19
22
23
24
25
27
28
29
30
9
10
15
16
27
28
29
30
31
AMOUNT
(Inches)
0.07
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.42
1.72
0.10
2.02
0.01
tr
0.97
1.43
tr
tr
tr
1.78
8.58
tr
tr
tr
0.08
tr
tr
0.15
0.04
tr
0.47
May, 1969 -
DATE
1970:
June 1
2
3
4
6
12
21
24
26
July 7
8
11
15
16
18
20
21
22
23
25
26
27
28
31
August,
AMOUNT
(Inches)
0.99
0.46
tr
0.04
tr
0.17
0.45
tr
0.37
2.48
tr
0.51
tr
1.89
0.18
tr
0.01
tr
tr
0.11
0.07
tr
0.11
tr
tr
2.88
1970
DATE
1970;
Aug. 2
5
7
9
10
16
18
20
21
22
31
AMOUNT
(Inches)
0.45
tr
0. 84
0.33
0.07
0.01
0.01
tr
0.18
0.09
tr
1.98
0.74
24
-------
SECTION VI
OPERATIONAL STUDIES
Upon completion of the major construction and installation
of the aeration equipment, sewage flow was diverted from
its prior path to the empty basin. The water level
reached the level of the outlet weir within four days. At
that time, final adjustment and check-out of the equipment
was performed. Operation became routine immediately
following acceptance of the completed work by the City's
consultant engineers.
Operational difficulties have been at a minimum. For
example, the ambient temperature within the electrical
starter panel was high enough during the hot summer months
of 1969 to permit tripping of the heater elements in the
starters. This problem was eliminated by the addition of-
larger elements to the starters.
Only one major difficulty was encountered. This was the
failure of the gear speed reducer in the Number 1 aerator,
nearest the outlet end of the lagoon. This failure
occurred after nine months of operation and required moving
the aerator to the outlet end bank, with removal of the
parts for shipment to the manufacturer for repair by the
manufacturer under their warranty.
Access to the aerators for maintenance and cleaning was
provided by a light weight rowboat which was stored upside
down on the outer bank of the dike when not in use. When
inspection or maintenance of the aerators was done, at
least two persons were present as a safety precaution.
Each aerator was stopped for examination and maintenance
on a routine basis. The aerator Number 4 located immedi-
ately above the end of the influent pipe required most
attention. It required blade cleaning more frequently
than the others because of build-up of adhering solids.
At the beginning of the study, greatest concern was with
the behavior of the aeration lagoon.
It was noted immediately that BOD values of aeration
lagoon influent samples were considerably lower than those
reported in the Special Survey of Bayou Meto - 1967 for
the raw waste reaching the Jacksonville West STP. This
was believed to be due in part to the fact that the
industrial plant had been operating at a greatly reduced
level. Also, because a considerable portion of the raw
25
-------
sewage was routinely processed through the conventional
STP , as planned in the proposed method of joint treatment.
Composition of Wet- We 11 Contents :
That portion of the total flow treated through the
conventional system (1 MGD) originated in the wet-well
which also feeds the aeration lagoon. The treated sewage
was returned to the wet-well at an average rate of 1 MGD
to mix with the incoming raw sewage. This returning
treated stream thus diluted the incoming raw sewage, so
that the strength of the feed to the conventional system
and to the aeration lagoon normally would be less than that
of the raw sewage.
In such a system, the fractional amount of the total flow
treated per day equals the volume pumped to the convention-
al system divided by the total flow per day.
The degree of dilution of the biologically oxidizable
contents (and separable solids) depends upon the total flow
per day divided by the sum of the total flow per day plus
the volume per day circulated through the conventional
system.
FC = . c = Fraction treated through conventional STP
Fn = QT = Dilution factor
QT + Qc
where QT = total flow in MGD
Qc = constant flow to conventional STP in MGD
For a constant flow of 1 MGD through the conventional
system and an assumed total flow of 2.5 MGD the fractional
amount treated through the conventional system would be
1 MGD/2.5 MGD or 0.4 (40%). The dilution factor of the
raw sewage in the wet-well would be 2.5 MGD/3.5 MGD or
0.714 (71.4%) .
The strength of the wet-well contents, in this assumed
instance, would be equal to the BOD,- of the entering raw
sewage times 0.714 plus 0.286 times the BOD5 of the
treated sewage stream returning to the wet-well from the
filters of the conventional system.
26
-------
Wet-well BOD5 = FD x Raw Sewage BOD5 +
(1-F-J x treated waste BOD5
Thus the average strength of the waste in the wet-well will
be below that of the incoming waste stream if the conven-
tional STP removes BOD effectively. It should be weakest
for low total flows near the volume circulated, approaching
incoming raw waste strength for exceedingly high total
flows.
It was assumed that the chemical composition of the wet-
well contents and that of the aeration lagoon influent
would be nearly identical. The relatively short length of
force main leading to the lagoon influent structure and the
rate of flow favor this assumption.
A test of this assumption was made by means of grab samples
taken nearly simultaneously from the wet-well and from the
aeration lagoon influent well. Grab samples were necessary
because no suitable equipment was available for sampling at
the depths involved. The data obtained during late
September and October, 1969, when the industrial waste flow
was negligible, is shown in Tables IV and V.
It was found that the averaged values of BOD5 of samples
taken from the wet-well and from the aeration lagoon
influent were 77.8 mg/1 and 75.4 mg/1, respectively.
Samples of the filter effluent from the conventional
system on its way to the wet-well were also taken during
this same period. The averaged BODs of the treated stream
was found to be 21.4 mg/1, as shown in Table VI.
Although the reliability of grab samples should always be
suspected, the average value of the wet-well BOD,- and that
of the filter effluent obtained during this period, when
the average total flow was 2.45 MGD, gives an opportunity
to estimate the probable averaged strength of the mixed
raw sewage. Using the method outlined above to calculate
the strength of the wet-well BOD5, a mixed raw sewage
having an assumed BOD5 of 101 mg/1 would account for the
observed average value of 77.8 mg/1; the calculated value
would be 77.9 mg/1.
27
-------
TABLE IV
WET-WELL CONTENTS
West Jacksonville Sewage Treatment Plant
9/17 - 10/24,1969
DATE
9/17/69
9/18/69
9/19/69
9/26/69
10/1/69
10/2/69
10/3/69
10/6/69
10/8/69
10/9/69
10/10/69
10/13/69
10/15/69
10/16/69
10/17/69
10/20/69
10/22/69
10/23/69
10/24/69
BOD5
mg/1
80
102
95
95
62
135
63
70
54
70
63
43
76
64
72
104
68
76
86
pH
6.9
6.9
6.9
7.1
7.3
7.4
7.2
7.6
7.4
7.0
7.0
6.9
7.1
7.2
7.1
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.1
DO
mg/1
0
0
0.5
0
0.3
0
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.9
0
0
1.1
1.0
0.5
0
0.4
0.3
0
Temperature
°C
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
22
22
23
20
21
21
Average: 77.8 7.15 0.3 21.5
(Average volume to Conventional STP - 1 MGD;
Average volume to Aeration Lagoon - 2.45 MGD.)
28
-------
TABLE V
West
DATE
9/17/69
9/18/69
9/19/69
9/26/69
10/1/69
10/2/69
10/3/69
10/6/69
10/8/69
10/9/69
10/10/69
10/13/69
10/15/69
10/16/69
10/17/69
10/20/69
10/22/69
10/23/69
10/24/69
AERATION
Jacksonville
9/17 -
BOD5
mg/1
72
110
111
97.5
72
120
53
60
40
58
62
65
58
67
51
94
80
70
93
LAGOON
Sewage
10/24,
PH
7.0
6.9
7.0
7.2
7.9
7.1
7.3
7.3
7.5
7.7
7.3
7.0
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.4
7.2
7.3
INFLUENT
Treatment
1969
DO
mg/1
0
0
0.2
0
0.7
0
0
0
0.4
0.3
0
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.2
0
0
0
0
Plant
Temperature
°C
_
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
22
22
23
22
21
21
Average: 75.4 7.3 0.17
(Average volume of influent - 2.45 MGD.)
21.8
29
-------
TABLE VI
FILTER EFFLUENT
West
DATE
9/17/69
9/18/69
9/19/69
9/26/69
10/2/69
10/3/69
10/6/69
10/8/69
10/9/69
10/10/69
10/13/69
10/15/69
10/16/69
10/17/69
10/20/69
10/22/69
10/23/69
10/24/69
Jacksonville
9/17 -
BOD5
n»g/l
10
18
21
18.5
24
18
19.5
16
29
30.5
19.5
17
17
19
24
26.5
29
28.5
Sewage
10/24,
pH
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.2
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.3
Treatment
1969
DO
mg/1
4.5
4.9
5.5
5.1
5.2
5.1
4.5
5.2
5.1
3.8
5.4
5.1
5.9
5.4
4.7
5.7
5.8
5.9
Plant
Temperature
°C
—
-
—
—
-
—
-
24
-
24
23
22
20
20
22
22
19
19
Average 21.4 7.3 5.15
(Average volume from STP - 1 MGD;
Average total flow - 2.45 MGD.)
21.5
30
-------
Determination of the chlorophenol and chlorophenoxyacid
content of some of the samples yielded the following
averages:
Wet-Well Filter Effluent
Chlorophenols, mg/1 0.33 0.15
Chlorophenoxyacids, mg/1 0.88 0.91
The apparent efficiency of the conventional system with
respect to removal of 6005, chlorophenols and chloro-
phenoxyacids during the period was as follows:
BOD5 72.5% Removal
Chlorophenols 54.5% Removal
Chlorophenoxyacids 0.0% Removal
Estimation of Raw Mixed Waste BOD;
In order to estimate the approximate BODs of the combined
raw waste from the Air Base and the City during the period
when the industrial waste was practically nil, another
series of grab samples was taken from the terminal manholes,
The data developed from these samples is given in Tables
VII and VIII.
The average BOD^ of the sewage from the Air Base and the
City during this period was found to be 99.4 mg/1 and
104.4 mg/1, respectively. At an average total flow of 2.45
MGD, of which 1.23 MGD represented flow from the Air Base,
the calculated BODs f°r t*16 mixed raw waste would be 102
mg/1 which agrees well with the value assumed in the
previous section.
31
-------
TABLE VII
TERMINAL MANHOLE - AIR BASE SEWER LINE
West Jacksonville Sewage Treatment Plant
11/12 - 12/24, 1969
DATE
mg/1 pH mg/1
Temperature
°C
Average: 99.4 7.47 1.15
17.5
Total
Alkalinity
pH 4.2 Chloride
mg/1 mg/1
11/12/69
11/13/69
11/14/69
11/17/69
11/19/69
11/20/69
11/21/69
11/24/69
11/28/69
12/1/69
12/4/69
12/5/69
12/8/69
12/10/69
12/11/69
12/12/69
12/15/69
12/17/69
12/19/69
12/22/69
12/24/69
143
123
100
134
74
86
60
80
27
150
112
150
90
98
98
130
103
108
115
53
53
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.2
7.0
7.3
7.1
7.6
7.3
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.5
7.8
7.4
7.5
0
0
0.3
0
1.0
3.4
3.0
0.5
5.5
0
0
0
2.7
0.9
2.3
2.0
0.2
0.9
0.3
4.3
4.8
21
20
20
20
18
17
18
19
18
19
18
18
16
17
13
17
17
16
16
15
15
270
277
253
209
119
182
138
-
-
-
292
285
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
34
32
35
24
22
17
18
-
-
-
37
37
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
225
28.4
(Average flow to STP - 1.23 MGD;
Total combined flow average - 2.45 MGD.)
32
-------
TABLE VIII
TERMINAL MANHOLE - CITY SEWER LINE
West Jacksonville Sewage Treatment Plant
11/12 - 12/24/ 1969
DATE
11/12/69
11/13/69
11/14/69
11/17/69
11/19/69
11/20/69
11/21/69
11/24/69
11/28/69
12/1/69
12/4/69
12/5/69
12/8/69
12/10/69
12/11/69
12/12/69
12/15/69
12/17/69
12/19/69
12/22/69
12/24/69
BOD5
mg/1
137
100
140
148
50
100
65
77
83
157
138
136
49
72
113
143
150
60
115
67
93
PH
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
7.2
7.0
7.4
7.3
7.5
7.4
7.4
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.3
7.3
DO Temperature
mg/1 °C
0
0.3
0.3
1.4
1.8
4.1
2.5
0.7
3.0
0
0.2
0.3
4.8
1.8
2.7
2.0
0.4
2.8
2.3
4.2
2.9
21
20
18
18
18
18
18
18
17
18
17
15
13
16
11
16
16
16
16
14
13
Total
Alkalinity
pH 4.2
mg/1
262
233
229
143
120
138
135
-
-
-
211
213
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Chloride
mg/1
39
33
34
39
22
32
27
-
-
-
32
39
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Average: 104.4 7.32 2.0
16.3
187
33
(Average flow to STP - 1.23 MGD;
Total flow combined average - 2.45 MGD.)
33
-------
Uniformity of Mixing;
In order to test the uniformity of mixing produced by the
aerators, sixteen samples were taken approximately one foot
below the surface of the lagoon. The sample points were
spaced evenly from each of the aerators along the south
positioning cables, four points per cable. The average
DO of the samples taken was found to be 5.3 mg/1, with a
range of 5.0 to 5.7 mg/1. This set of samples indicated
excellent distribution of oxygen throughout the lagoon.
Visual observation of continuous movement of the floe
suspended in the lagoon contents, together with considera-
tion of the general similarity of the averaged values for
suspended solids of the influent and effluent confirmed
that mixing was attained in all parts of the lagoon.
Although the incoming sewage always has a low DO content,
the DO content of samples taken in the immediate vicinity
of aerator number 4, located above the end of the influent
pipe, were nearly the same as those taken elsewhere in the
lagoon.
The DO content of samples taken from the stabilization
ponds, at a depth of about six inches and about two feet
from the effluent weirs, was found to average 11.3 mg/1
for the period May 27 through July 15, 1969, presumably
due to supersaturation associated with algae photosynthesis
during daylight hours. It was noted that the DO content of
the samples was nearly identical in both ponds. However,
quick breaking foam (similar to that of carbonated water)
was observed below the spillways. This was associated with
rapid loss of DO, for samples taken below each spillway
at a distance of about four feet from the point of free
fall invariably were found to be lower in DO than those
samples taken above the spillway. The foaming was
apparently the result of release of oxygen from a super-
saturated condition of the water above the spillways.
It was decided to reduce the number of samples to be
handled and at the same time determine the DO of the
combined oxidation pond effluent, after effective mingling
of the outfall of both ponds. Accordingly, a new sampling
point was chosen at a point in the outfall ditch approxi-
mately in line with the south side of the south oxidation
pond.
34
-------
Samples taken from this point showed an average DO of
3.9 mg/1 for the period July 16 through September 16, 1969,
This value of DO then represented the probable average
oxygen content supplied to Bayou Meto from the ponds.
Surprisingly the average DO found in Bayou Meto at a
point about two miles down-stream was 3.9 mg/1 for the
period July 16 through September 16, 1969.
35
-------
36
-------
SECTION VII
CHEMICAL STUDY
Sampling:
Semi-continuous Sampling:
Samples were taken regularly of the influent to and
effluent from the aeration lagoon. The influent sampling
point was located adjacent to the influent level recording
device. The effluent sampling point was located about
four (4) feet from the effluent weir.
Both sampling devices (Trebler samplers) were identical and
are available commercially. They consist of narrow, clear
plastic dippers mounted to rotate in a plane vertical to
the water surface. The curved portion of the dipper is
designed to remove a portion of water proportional to the
flow at the time of dipping. A l/150th HP motor drives the
dipper by means of a chain geared to produce one revolution
in about two minutes. At the average flow rate (@ 2.2 MGD)
the samplers were set to take a sample every 12 minutes.
This was accomplished by means of an adjustable interval
timer and micro-switch cut-off. Total sample volume
varies somewhat with the daily flow but averages about
2.25 gallons.
The samples taken at both points were fed into .plastic pipe
and containers. The containers were square, flexible
polyethylene bottles enclosed in a close-fitting wooden box
for ease in handling. They were housed within small square
electric refrigerators which are obtainable locally. The
shelving and other internal pans were removed to provide
room for the containers. Inlet openings were bored care-
fully through the insulating wall for the sample tubing
and for a small vent opening. These were sealed after
placing supporting pipe and small glass tube for the vent,
to prevent moisture collecting within the walls. The small
refrigerators were protected from direct sunlight and rain
by small plywood sheds painted white to reflect as much as
practicable. In this way the samples taken semi-continu-
ously could be chilled almost immediately to a temperature
of 5-10°C (40-50°F).
Spot Sampling:
"Grab" samples were taken regularly of the influent and
37
-------
effluent for the measurement of temperature and for DO
determinations. Grab samples of stabilization pond
effluent were taken because the detention time of the
ponds was about 25-30 days, hence changes were not rapid.
Grab samples were necessary at several other points because
suitable continuous sampling equipment was not available.
One battery operated type was tried with poor performance
because of solids accumulation in the pumping mechanism.
Methods of Analysis:
The methods of analysis used for the determination of the
values reported here were those set forth in the book
"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste
Water," 12th Edition (1965), with the exception of the
determination of chlorophenols and chlorophenoxyalkanoic
acids.
Chlorophenols present in the waste samples were determin-
able by three methods:
1. The first method was that set forth in "Standard
Methods" for phenol which involves distillation of a
portion of the sample at pH 4.0 to separate the phenolic
fraction, followed by treatment to develop a colored
solution. The color intensity developed in the treated
solution is compared with that developed in standard
solutions of known strength by means of a Bausch and Lomb
colorimeter. The method was originally devised for phenol
and relatively simple derivatives, for which it is quite
satisfactory. However, the colors developed are not all
alike nor does color development occur at the same rate
for various phenolic materials. Where mixtures are
involved, application of the standard method is not a
method of choice. In the present case, the method gave
lower results because of the mixtures encountered and
because of the difficulty of co-distillation of the family
of chlorinated phenol compounds present. The number of
grams of water per gram of compound to be volatilized
increases enormously at low concentration, since the rate
of co-distillation is proportional to the mole fraction
of the compound to be distilled and to its vapor pressure
at the temperature of the distillation.
2. The second method, which was adopted as the routine
method, involved pH adjustment of a 50 ml measured sample
by the addition of solid sodium bicarbonate. Approxi-
mately 0.5 gm of sodium bicarbonate was sufficient for
samples with an initial pH of 6 to 8; samples outside this
range were first adjusted by the dropwise addition of
38
-------
dilute hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. After pH
adjustment, the chlorophenols were extracted into an equal
volume of spectro-grade isooctane containing 5% by volume
of tributylphosphate, using a glass stoppered conical
separator fitted with a Teflon stopcock plug. The upper
layer containing the chlorophenols was isolated by draining
away the lower water layer into a second separator. The
solvent layer was washed once with about 5 mis of water
down the neck and sides of the original separator (not
shaken - merely to wash the walls). The wash water was
drained to the second separator and combined with the water
raffinate layer. This layer was retained for later similar
extraction of the more acidic materials present in the
sample after careful acidification with 10 mis of 1:1
hydrochloric acid and elimination of carbon dioxide.
The washed solvent layer containing chlorophenols was
passed through a small dry filter paper into a small
Erlenmeyer flask. Portions of the filtered extract were
then used to rinse and finally fill a 10 cm fused quartz
cuvette. The filled cuvette was placed in the sample-side
cuvette holder of a Cary-15 double-beam spectrophotometer
for visible or ultraviolet work. The absorption spectrum
of the sample solution was then obtained in the wavelength
range 2400 to 3500 Angstroms relative to a portion of the
clean extracting solvent used in the matching cuvette of
the spectrophotometer.
Although the specific absorption spectra of the different
compounds which were to be expected are different in
magnitude at many wavelengths, they are sufficiently close
to permit reasonable quantitative estimation of total
phenols at the wavelength of 2,915 Angstroms.
3. The third method involved carbon tetrachloride
extraction of a measured portion of the sample, after pH
adjustment with solid sodium bicarbonate. The extraction
was done in 1000 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. The flasks were
fitted with a ground glass stopper at the top and with a
short, approximately 8 mm glass tube and stopcock fused to
the side of the flask at a point as close as possible to
the flat bottom. (This point allows the flask to sit on a
magnetic stirrer without tilt, but also permits draining
away the heavier than water extract layer.) Extraction is
accomplished by adding a measured amount of sample
together with a measured amount of extracting solvent to
the extractor containing a Teflon coated or glass enclosed
magnet. The clean ungreased stopper is placed and the
contents is stirred on a magnetic stirrer for five minutes.
Stirring is carried out so that a vortex develops,
39
-------
sufficing to bring the heavy extracting liquid into
intimate contact with the water layer. Violent stirring
sometimes caused emulsification which may be broken on
standing or by the addition of a small quantity of
chloroform.
The separate extract is filtered to remove traces of
liquid water and evaporated to dryness in a water
aspirator vacuum at 35-40°C. The residue is dissolved
in 1 ml of carbon tetrachloride containing a known
concentration of pure ethyl palmitate as an internal
standard. This solution is then examined by gas-liquid
chromatography using hydrogen flame detection. Typical
conditions are given below:
Column: 5 feet of 1/8 inch pyrex glass tubing.
Packing: 1.5% FFAP (Varian Aerograph Co.) on
Chromosorb G acid washed DMCS - 100/120 mesh.
Conditions: Injector Temp. 200°C
Column Temp. 150°C
H2 flow 25 ml/min
N2 flow 25 ml/min
Air flow 125 ml/min
Chart Speed 0.5 in/min
The chromatograph obtained reveals the individual chloro-
phenols present together with the standard substance in
the extract.
The order of elution is: 1. ortho-chlorophenol
2. phenol
3. 2,6-dichlorophenol
4. 2,5-dichlorophenol
5. 2,4-dichlorophenol
6. ethyl palmitate
7. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
8. para-chlorophenol
9. 2,4,5-trichlorophenol
By comparison of the retention volumes for various pure
chlorophenols, the presence of various components in the
sample may be determined. Quantitative amounts present
may be estimated by comparison of the relative areas under
the corresponding peaks of the chromatograph with that of
the internal standard.
40
-------
This method may be reasonably extended to low concentrations
by multiple extraction prior to concentration in vacuum.
As applied here, 500 to 1000 ml of sample were extracted
with a minimum of three (3) successive 50 ml portions of
carbon tetrachloride, effecting a 500:1 to 1000:1
concentration of the chlorophenolics present.
Routine Sampling and Analyses;
Routine sampling and analyses were begun as soon as the
automatic samplers were installed and adjusted to provide
an adequate volume of sample per day. A summary of the
data obtained from samples of aeration lagoon influent
and effluent, stabilization ponds and Bayou Meto at
Arkansas Highway 161 during the period May 27 through
September 30, 1969 is presented in Table IX.
Total and suspended solids of the samples of stabilization
pond effluent and Bayou Meto are not shown since the
greatest attention was placed upon the determinations
reported.
The figures given in brackets under Industrial Effluent
are not representative averages, but are intended to give
an order of magnitude. They are the averages of several
determinations made during the preliminary study. The
industrial plant was forced by other circumstances to
curtail the manufacture of chlorophenoxy acids shortly
after the time routine analyses were begun. A more
complete study was done later in early 1970 after the
plant began temporary continuous operation.
The loading and average unit efficiencies of the aeration
lagoon and the stabilization ponds during this period are
given in Tables X and XI. Percent total reduction across
lagoon and stabilization pond appears in brackets in the
table.
Sampling and analysis were continued during the three (3)
month period that the No. 1 aerator was out of service
for repair of the gear speed reducing mechanism. The
data obtained at that time, broken into two intervals, is
summarized in Table XII. The figures given in the table
represent average values obtained for the number of
samples noted in each column.
Using the data shown in Table XII, the averaged load on
the West STP contributed by the industrial waste may be
estimated. This loading and the subsequent disposition
of BOD5, phenols and phenoxy-acids across the aerated
41
-------
TABLE IX
DATA OBTAINED 5/27 - 9/30, 1969
Industrial
Effluent
Temp . ° C
PH
Total
Alkalinity
pH 4.2 mg/1
(17.5)
(7.3)
(1720)
Settleable Solids
ml/1 (25)
Total Solids
mg/1
(53120)
Suspended Solids
mg/1 (1255)
Chloride
mg/1
DO mg/1
BOD5 mg/1
COD mg/1
Phenols
mg/1
Phenoxy
Acids mg/1
Volume/Day
Number of
Samples
(26950)
—
(4340)
—
141
370
13340
gpd
12
Aeration
Lagoon
Influent
25.5
6.9
163
3.6
580
110
206
0.7
72
210
0.8
2.22
mgd
88
Aeration Stabilization Bayou Meto
Lagoon Pond at
Effluent Effluent Hwv 161
26.8 27.3 25.2
6.8 8.3 6.8
108 119 66
5.3 Tr . Tr .
532
108
174 183 54
5.5 11.3 3.9
3.9
26 10.4 (3)
100 55 27.5
0.2 0.06 0.07* 0.05 0.08*
1.06* 0.85*
(2.22) 1.91
mgd mgd
78 85 21* 55 39*
*Data from UV Method.
42
-------
TABLE X
LOADING AND DISPOSITION
5/27 - 9/30, 1969
Aeration Aeration Stabilization
Lagoon Lagoon Pond
Influent Effluent Effluent
Total Alkalinity
pH 4.2 Lbs./Day 3015 1997
Chloride Lbs./Day 3809 3218
BOD5
COD
Phenols
Lbs./Day 1331 481
Lbs./Day 3883 1849
Lbs./Day 14.8 3.7
TABLE XI
1893
2911
165
875
1.1
AVERAGE UNIT EFFICIENCIES
WEST JACKSONVILLE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
5/27 - 9/30, 1969
Aeration Lagoon
Raw Flow (MGD) 2.22
Total
Alkalinity
to pH 4.2
mg/1
Settleable
Solids
ml/1
BOD5
mg/1
COD
mg/1
Phenols
mg/1
ppm Lbs./Day
Influent 163 3015
Effluent 108 1997
% Reduction 33.8
Influent 3.6
Effluent. 5.3
7o Reduction Q.O
Influent 72 1311
Effluent 26 481
% Reduction 63.3
Influent 210 3883
Effluent 100 1849
% Reduction 52.3
Influent 0.8 14.8
Effluent 0.2 3.7
7o Reduction 75.0
Stabilization Pond
1.91
ppm
108
119
5.3
Tr.
100
26
10.4
100
55
0.2
0.07
Lbs./Day
1997
1893
5.2
(37)
(100)
481
165
65.7
(87)
1849
875
52.7
(77)
3.7
1.1
70.3
(92)
43
-------
TABLE XII
DATA OBTAINED WHILE AERATOR NUMBER 1 WAS
1/17 - 4/17, 1970
Industrial
Effluent
1/17-3/7 3/10-4/17
Temp. °C
PH
Total
7.1
7.35
15.1
7.33
Aeration Lagoon
Influent
1/17-3/7 3/10-4/17
12.5
6.9
14.8
7.15
NOT OPERATING
Aeration Lagoon
Effluent
1/17-3/7
10.2
7.2
3/10-4/17
13.7
7.2
Stabilization
Pond
Effluent
1/17- 3/7
8.0
7.55
3/10-4/17
13.7
8.1
Alkalinity to
pH 4.2 mg/1
Settleable
Solids ml/1
Chloride mg/1
DO mg/1
BOD5 mg/1
Phenols mg/1
Phenoxy
Acids mg/1
Number of
Samples
Volume /Bay
763
7.7
5848
704
84.7
154.4
23
41960
gpd
2176
24.4
21688
(4-6)
2456
153.7
296.6
15
47500
gpd
107
2.5
91.5
(0-3
70.3
1.02
2.15
18
3.21
mgd
145
3.2
309
.5)
88.5
1.65
4.14
17
3.47
mgd
106
0.25
86
(4.
22.7
0.45
1.51
23
3.21
mgd
132
0.51
268
5-6.5)
23.2
0.21
1.73
15
3.47
mgd
102
Tr.
90
5.9
13.4
0.13
1.10
19
3.13
mgd
109
Tr.
226
10.9
15.9
0.10
1.48
20
3.34
mgd
-------
lagoon and stabilization ponds is shown in Table XIII.
The unit efficiencies are shown in Table XIV.
After the Number 1 aerator had been replaced in service,
the continuing study yielded data summarized in Tables
XV and XVI. The loading and unit efficiencies for the
periods 4/20-5/11, 1970 and 5/11-6/12, 1970 are shown in
Tables XVII and XVIII and Tables XIX and XX, respectively.
The results of analyses of the industrial plant waste
effluent at intervals are shown in Table XXI to illustrate
the variability of this stream over the period of start-up,
operation and after shut-down of the chemical plant.
Table XXI-A presents the relative content of various
chlorophenols present in the samples reported in Table XXI.
Figure 1 shows the variation in chloride content of the
stabilization pond effluent with time in relation to
the number of pounds per day of chloride discharged from
the industrial plant.
Studies of Varied Operation;
Although the main object of the project work was the joint
treatment of industrial-domestic waste, it seemed
desirable to study the treatment of the domestic waste
with a low level of industrial waste through the aeration
lagoon only. For this reason the conventional treatment
section of the process was valved out of service on
July 10, 1970. Accordingly, continued sampling of the
aeration lagoon influent was typical of the combined raw
waste from the city and the air base. For a period all
four aerators were continued in operation. Then for six
successive weeks, aerators were turned off while the rest
ran in the following pattern:
Aerators Running Aerators Off
First Week: 2, 3 and 4 1
Second Week: 1, 3 and 4 2
Third Week: 1, 2 and 4 3
Fourth Week: 1 and 4 2 and 3
Fifth Week: 2 and 4 1 and 3
Sixth Week: 3 and 4 1 and 2
Routine sampling was continued through this period and
the averaged results of analysis are shown in Table XXII.
The data shown is limited to chloride, BOD5 and volume
45
-------
TABLE XIII
AVERAGED LOADING OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE AND ITS DISPOSITION
1/17 - 4/17, 1970
Stabilization
Industrial Aeration Lagoon Aeration Lagoon Pond
Waste Influent Effluent Effluent
1/17-3/7
Settleable
Solids
(CFD)
Chloride ion
(Lbs./Day)
BOD5
(Lbs./Day)
Phenols
(Lbs./Day)
Phenoxy Acids
(Lbs./Day)
Volume/Day
43
2044
246
30
54
41960
3/10-4/17
155
8580
972
61
117
47500
1/17-3/7 3/10-4/17 1/17-3/10 3/10-4/17
1075
2447
1880
27
57
3.21
1490
8930
2558
48
120
3.47
108
2300
607
12
40
3.21
237
7746
671
6
50
3.47
1/17-3/7
--
2347
349
3.4
29
3.13
3/10-4/17
--
6288
442
2.8
41
3.34
-------
UNIT
TABLE XIV
EFFICIENCIES
1/17-3/7, 1970
Aeration Stabilization
Lagoon Ponds
BOD5
Lbs . /Day
Phenols
Lbs. /Day
Phenoxy
Acids
Lbs. /Day
Influent
Effluent-.
% Reduction
Influent
Effluent
% Reduction
Influent
Effluent
% Reduction
1880
607
67.7
27
12
55.5
57
40
29.8
607
349
42.5
12
3.4
71.6
40
29
27.5
Overall
81.4
87.4
49.1
3/10-4/17, 1970
BOD5
Lbs. /Day
Phenols
Lbs . /Day
Phenoxy
Acids
Lbs. /Day
Influent
Effluent
% Reduction
Influent
Effluent
% Reduction
Influent
Effluent
% Reduction
2558
671
73.7
48
6
87.5
120
50
58.3
671
442
34.1
6
2.8
53.3
50
41
18
82.7
94.1
65.8
47
-------
TABLE XV
DATA
OBTAINED
4/20 - 5/11
Aeration
Industrial Lagoon
Tempera ture °C
PH
Total Alkalinity
pH 4.2
Settleable Solids
Chloride
DO
BOD5
Phenols
Phenoxy-Acids
Number of Samples
Volume/Day
mg/1
ml/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
Effluent
24
7.4
2806
32
28305
3.5
2896
103.8
198
14
46890
SPd
Influent
18.8
7.2
156
3.7
377
2.4
80
1.22
2.58
13
3.47
mgd
, 1970
Aeration
Lagoon
Effluent
19.4
7.3
134
2.9
352
6.6
25.6
0.13
1.12
13
3.47
mgd
Stabilization
Pond
Effluent
22.5
7.65
138
0.2
316
5.4
14.3
0.1
1.12
14
3.44
mgd
TABLE XVI
DATA
OBTAINED
Industrial
Temperature °C
PH
Total Alkalinity
PH 4.2
Settleable Solids
Chloride
DO
BOD5
Phenols
Phenoxy-Acids
Number of Samples
Volume /Day
mg/1
ml/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
Effluent
26.7
7.2
1829
29
27055
3.2
2673
77
275
44
29590
gpd
5/11 - 6/12
Aeration
Lagoon
Influent
23.3
7.3
163
3.7
343
2.3*
114
1.2
3.64
38
2.35
mgd
, 1970
Aeration
Lagoon
Effluent
24
7.0
141
2.6
404
7.3
31.4
0.2
1.0
37
2.35
mgd
Stabilization
Pond
Effluent
26.8
8.95
128
0.31
442
6.0
15
0.08
0.77
39
2.14
mgd
*Grab samples were nearly always 0 to 0.1 DO.
48
-------
TABLE XVII
AVERAGED LOADING OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE AND ITS DISPOSITION
4/20 - 5/11, 1970
Total Alkalinity
pH 4.2 Lbs./Day
Settleable
Chloride
BOD5
Phenols
Solids
CFD
Lbs./Day
Lbs./Day
Lbs./Day
Phenoxy Acids
Lbs./Day
Industrial
Effluent
1096
201
11056
1131
40.5
77.3
Aeration
Lagoon
Influent
4509
1720
10897
2312
35.3
74.6
Aeration
Lagoon
Effluent
3873
1348
10175
740
3.8
32.4
Stabilization
Pond
Effluent _
3954
92
9055
410
2.9
32.1
TABLE XVIII
AVERAGED LOADING
Total Alkalinity
pH 4.2 Lbs./Day
Settleable
Chloride
BOD5
Phenols
Solids
CFD
Lbs./Day
Lbs./Day
Lbs./Day
OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE AND ITS DISPOSITION
5/11 - 6/12, 1970
Industrial
Effluent
451
115
6669
659
19
Aeration
Lagoon
Influent
3191
6714
2232
23.5
Aeration
Lagoon
Effluent
2760
7909
615
3.9
Stabilization
Pond
Effluent
2282
7880
267
1.4
Phenoxy Acids
Lbs./Day
68
71
19.6
13.7
49
-------
TABLE XIX
UNIT EFFICIENCIES
4/20 - 5/11, 1970
Aeration
Lagoon
BOD5
Phenols
Lbs./Day
Phenoxy Acids
Lbs./Day
Influent
Effluent
% Reduction
Influent
Effluent
% Reduction
Influent
Effluent
% Reduction
2312
740
68
35.3
3.8
89.2
74.6
32.4
56.5
Stabilization
Ponds
740
410
46
3.8
2.9
23.7
32.4
32.1
0.9
Overall
82.3
91.8
57
TABLE XX
UNIT EFFICIENCIES
5/11 - 6/12, 1970
Aeration Stabilization
Lagoon Ponds Overall
BOD5
Lbs./Day
Phenols
Lbs . /Day
Phenoxy Acids
Lbs . /Day
Influent
Effluent
% Reduction
Influent
Effluent
% Reduction
Influent
Effluent
% Reduction
2232
615
72.4
23.5
3.9
83.4
71
19.6
72.39
615
267
56.6
3.9
1.4
64.1
19.6
13.7
30.1
88.0
94.0
80.7
50
-------
TABLE XXI
ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL PLANT WASTE
1970
Date Sampled January 25
Temperature - °C 12
pH 7.5
Total Alkalinity
to pH 4.2 mg/1 560
BOD5 mg/1 515
COD mg/1 700
Total Solids mg/1 6960
Suspended Solids
mg/1 160
Settleable Solids
mg/1 6
Chloride mg/1 3000
Chlorophenols mg/1 68
Phenoxy- acids mg/1 167
Volume Gallons 9950
DO mg/1 6
Weather Clear
March 3 April 21
18 21
7.6 7.4
2250 3960
1680 3840
2500 6200
40100 76320
360 380
16 40
19350 37350
118 125
183 241
95430 30320
5.8 3.0
Heavy Rain Clear
TABLE XXI-A
May 28
28.5
7.4
4510
6315
8315
104860
580
40
52150
112
235
20650
-
Clear
August 27
24
7.0
305
400
1290
11000
nil
1.3
4950
74
199
1450
-
Clear
RELATIVE CHLOROPHENOL CONTENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Date Sampled January 25
%*
Phenol Type
2-chloro- 2.9
Phenol 3.4
2,6-dichloro- 9.9
2,5-dichloro- Tr
2,4-dichloro- 73.6
2,4,6-trichloro- 2.8
4-chloro- 2.5
2,4,5-trichloro- 4.7
1970
March 3 April 21
7o* %*
6.1 Tr
6.2 1.7
41.7 38.8
6.2 1.7
17.9 20.0
9.9 19.5
12.1 18.3
Tr Tr
May 28
% *
Tr
24.8
30.5
Tr
11.4
13.3
20.0
Tr
August 27
ft»W
/o
Tr
Tr
3.0
1.8
89.0
3.4
2.8
Tr
*Percent of total phenols present,
51
-------
CHLORIDES vs. TIME
JAN.
FEE,
MAR.
APR. MAY
TIME IN DAYS
JUNE
JULY
AUG.
SEPT.
-------
TABLE XXII
AVERAGED DATA OBTAINED 7/13 - 9/11, 1970
DURING OPERATION AS INDICATED
(Conventional System Bypassed)
DATE
7/13
to
7/31
8/1
to
8/6
8/7
to
8/14
8/15
to
8/20
8/21
to
8/23
8/29
to
9/4
9/5
to
9/11
AERATIOK
4
(1,2,3,4)
3
(2,3,4)
3
(1,3,4)
3
(1,2,4)
2
(!,'->)
2
(2,4)
2
(3,4)
PLANT EFFLUENT
Cl"
Ib/day
540
240
105
59
99
90
75
BOD5
Ib/day
56
23
12
6
8
7
5
V
gal/day
7400
4650
2610
1440
2350
1915
1505
AERATION INFLUENT
cr
Ib/day
1499
916
1005
834
849
1096
850
BODS
Ib/day
1907
1858
1930
1915
1917
2015
1620
V
MGD
2.12
2.03
2.09
1.94
2.09
2.25
2.04
AERATION EFFLUENT
Cl"
Ib/day
1621
1212
1147
944
948
980
956
BODS
Ib/day
699
541
582
583
462
535
217
V
MGD
(2.12)
(2.03)
(2.09)
(1.94)
(2.09)
(2.25)
(2.04)
STABILIZATION
POND EFFLUENT
Cl"
mg/1
267
185
162
143
128
112
100
BODs
mg/1
10.1
12.2
10.3
11.5
13.0
13.3
9.5
DO
mg/1
6.4
5.6
5.8
5.7
6,,1
5.9
5.9
Ui
u>
-------
for the industrial plant effluent, lagoon influent and
effluent and pond effluent.
Table XXIII presents the apparent efficiency of the aera-
tion lagoon alone during this time of staggered operation.
Although this data is limited, it appears to show an
upward trend in efficiency with decrease in the number
of aerators functioning.
East Jacksonville STP Analyses:
A series of 15 grab samples was taken from points in the
East Jacksonville Sewage Treatment Plant between 9/16 and
11/10, 1969 as a check on the BOD5 of that system for
purposes of comparison. The averaged values found are
presented in Table XXIV.
Receiving Stream Analyses:
A summary of data obtained on samples taken from Bayou
Meto at Arkansas Highway 161 at a point roughly two (2)
miles from the receiving point of the stream is given in
Table XXV.
BOD-COD Relationship:
A series of BOD5 and COD values for unfiltered samples
taken during the period July 17 to August 7, 1969 are
shown in Table XXVI. These were obtained during full
operation of the joint treatment process, but at a time
of reduced industrial waste flow. The average reduction
in BOD5 across the lagoon from this data is 60.8%, while
that of the COD is 53%, with a detention time of about
3.5 days.
BOD of the Industrial Plant Waste;
Glycolic acid and, to a lesser extent, acetic acid are
present in the industrial plant waste at variable levels
of concentration. The glycolic acid arises from
hydrolysis of a portion of the mono-chloroacetic acid
used in the plant processes. The acetic acid is present
as a contaminant of hydrochloric acid generated during
manufacture of mono-chloroacetic acid and, to a lesser
extent, as a contaminant of the mono-chloroacetic acid
produced. Each of these compounds is susceptible to
bacterial oxidation, and they constitute the major portion
of the organic loading of the industrial plant waste.
54
-------
TABLE XXIII
APPARENT EFFICIENCY OF AERATION LAGOON WITH LOW INDUSTRIAL WASTE -
CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM BYPASSED AND ALL OR FEWER AERATORS OPERATING.
Average
Settleable
BOD, BODS BODS S°lids
j j j in
AERATORS In Out Removed 5 Effluent
DATE OPERATING Ibs./day Ibs./day Ibs./day Removed mls/1
1970
7/13-7/31 4
(all)
8/1-8/6 3
(2,3,4)
8/7-8/14 3
(1,3,4)
8/15-8/20 3
(1,2,4)
8/21-8/28 2
(1,4)
8/29-9/4 2
(2,4)
9/5-9/11 2
(3,4)
1907 699 1208 63 1.9
1858 541 1317 71 .45
1930 582 1348 70 .77
1915 583 1332 70 .90
1917 462 1445 75 1.06
2015 535 1480 73 .64
1620 217 1403 86 .10
TABLE XXIV
DATA FROM EAST JACKSONVILLE SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
Temperature - °C
PH
Total Alkalinity mg/1
Chloride mg/1
Initial DO mg/1
BOD5 mg/1
Phenols (Total) mg/1
% Reduction:
Phenols - 81.0
BOD5 - 83.0
9/16 - 11/10, 1969
S.T.P. Stabilization Pond Stabilization Pond
Influent Influent Effluent
20.8 16.7 12.5
7.3 700 7.7
281 132 210
36 23 33
0 2.5 4.7
115 51 19.5
0.2 - 0.04
55
-------
TABLE XXV
BAYOU METO AT
(Roughly 2 miles
Temp.
(°C)
1969:
April 17.6
May 17.9
June 23.1
July 27.6
Aug. 25.4
Sept. 23.2
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1970:
Jan. 4.3
Feb. 5.8
Mar. 11.1
Apr. 16.6
May 22.0
June 24 . 5
July 26.1
Aug. 25.9
Sept. 26. 5
PH
6.7
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.2
7.3
6.5
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.5
8.3
7.3
7.45
DO
(mg/1)
7.0
5.2
3.7
2.5
3.2
3.9
9.9
9.7
8.9
7.3
5.4
5.9
6.3
4.9
5.35
BOD ^
(mg/1)
4
3.8
3.0
3.0
4.5
7.6
9.6
6.4
6.6
ARKANSAS HIGHWAY 161
from Receiving Point)
Total
Alkalinity
(mg/1)
33
54
68
85
87
116
57
21
33
42
61
109
90
79
83
Chloride
(mg/1)
28
53
64
86
£o
62
13
8.3
7.8
19
121
278
272
130
105
Phenols
(mg/1)
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.045
0.04
0.055
0.05
0.065
0.06
0.05
Phenoxy
Acids
(mg/1)
0.6
0.5
0.35
0.37
0.5
0.45
0.42
0.46
0.55
0.50
0.59
0.46
56
-------
TABLE XXVI
BOD -
COD RELATIONSHIP
Aeration
Lagoon
Influent
1969
7/17
7/18
7/19
7/20
7/21
7/22
7/23
7/24
7/25
7/26
7/27
7/28
7/29
7/30
7/31
8/1
8/2
8/3
8/4
8/5
8/6
8/7
BOD5
mg/1
88
53
76
67
41
71
67
76
75
66
82
70
76
64
70
58
55
52
66
68
50
58
COD
mg/1
305
280
199
228
176
355
215
160
291
142
177
234
216
168
152
135
199
113
152
269
191
289
Weather
and
Rain In
Inches
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
1.06
.04
c
1.20
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
- AERATED LAGOON 7/17 -
Aeration
Lagoon
Effluent
BOD 5
mg/1
29
25
36
21
15
15
28
20
37
35
31
26
25
36
26
31
24
20
18
25
24
21
COD
mg/1
117
116
79
91
97
78
150
53
210
64
124
127
117
168
46
52
89
31
78
106
85
104
Influent
Volume
mgd
2.16
2.21
2.17
2.17
2.34
2.17
2.21
2.17
2.87
2.71
2.34
3.25
3.02
2.70
2.48
2.33
2.23
2.44
2.00
2.45
2.15
1.98
8/7, 1969
Stabilization
Ponds
Effluent
BOD 5
mg/1
4.5
2.5
8.2
8.6
15.6
12.5
17.0
16.0
9.0
9.3
13.2
13.2
15.2
14.8
10.9
10.2
16.0
13.0
8.3
8.6
4.5
2.5
Vol.
mgd
1.46
1.40
1.38
1.46
1.38
1.40
1.46
2.40
3.50
2.60
2.34
3.02
2.54
2.26
1.86
1.76
1.60
1.42
1.34
1.40
1.38
1.52
Averages:
65.9
211.2
25.8
99.2
2.39
10.6
1.86
Average detention time in 8.4 MG Lagoon 3.5 days
Average
Lbs/Day:
1312 4205 514 1975
Average Reduction Across Lagoon: BOD5 - 60.8% COD - 53.0%
57
-------
Standard BOD tests were applied to show that the
acclimated bacterial population in the aeration lagoon
effluent can readily promote oxidation of both glacial
acetic acid and reagent grade mono-chloroacetic acid as
well as hydrolyzed mono-chloroacetic acid when these
substances are added as the neutral salts. The following
results were obtained:
BOD5
Concentration Found
mg/1 mg O2
BOD
Theoretical % of
mg O2/mg Theoretical
Acetic Acid 4.07
Mono-chloro-
acetic Acid 8.47
Glycolic Acid 6.82
0.762
0.390
0.484
1.066
0.508
0.631
71.5
76.8
76.7
The COD values determined for the prepared solutions ranged
from 97.5 to 99 percent of the theoretical values. The
interference possible from the presence of chloride was
eliminated by the use of mercuric sulfate as directed in
Standard Methods. Care was taken to add the silver-
sulfuric acid down the condensers to avoid loss of acetyls.
58
-------
SECTION VIII
RATE STUDIES
A typical determination of the rate constant, k, in the
case of a grab sample of aeration lagoon influent is
presented in Table XXVII. It was noted generally that the
initial rate constant appeared to be larger than the
average for a particular experiment. This was interpreted
as the result of variable ease of oxidation of the various
components of the complex mixture in the aeration lagoon
influent.
In order to demonstrate the degradation of chlorophenols
and chlorophenoxy-acids in the industrial plant waste
stream in vitro, at a much higher concentration than that
encountered in the normal aeration lagoon influent, a
1:11 dilution of the plant effluent was made with aeration
lagoon effluent. 1,600 ml of industrial plant effluent was
mixed with 16,000 nl of aeration lagoon effluent. The
results obtained on samples taken during continuous
aeration of this mixture are shown in Table XXVIII. A plot
of the log]_Q of the percent BOD5 remaining versus time in
days is shown in Figure 2. The estimated rate constant, k,
in the equation:
log-,0% BODc Remaining = 2 - kt
in which t represents time in days, was found to be 0.145.
The overall reduction in BOD5 was 85% in six days, while
the reduction in chlorophenols and chlorophenoxy-acids,
respectively, was 97% and 32% in seven days. The change in
chlorophenol content is shown graphically in Figure 3.
Another experiment with the same sample of industrial plant
effluent, diluted 1:100 with aeration lagoon effluent was
made to demonstrate the rate of oxygen uptake. A portion
of aeration lagoon effluent which had been aerated in a
glass bottle for 48 hours was used to prepare the dilution.
400 ml of industrial plant waste were added to 3,600 ml of
the lagoon effluent. Immediately after mixing, a 400 ml
portion of the initial dilution was added to a second
3,600 ml portion of the lagoon effluent. This final
mixture was mixed rapidly and filled into DO bottles which
were then stored in the incubator. Each of the solutions
had been maintained at 20-21°C, which was the temperature
maintained in the laboratory. The results of DO determina-
tions made immediately after mixing and at intervals of
about one hour are shown in Table XXIX. A plot of Iog10 %
DO remaining versus time in days is shown in Figure 4.
59
-------
TABLE XXVII
DATA FOR RATE CONSTANT, k, OF
OXYGEN UTILIZATION
Date: 7/25/69
Bottle
No.
90
92
93
100
111
112
117
Slope of log
AERATION
Time
(Days)
0
0.75
1.72
2.69
3.73
4.7C
5.70
OF
LAGOON INFLUENT
pH = 7.3
DO
mg/1
7.7
6.5
5.9
5.5
4.9
4.3
4.15
Average
Dilution:
% DO
Remaining
100
84.4
76.6
71.4
63.6
55.8
53.9
. % D0_, versus time =
5%
k
.098
.067
.054
.053
.054
.047
.062
.054
R
Probable BOD^ of Aeration Lagoon Influent
83 mg/1
60
-------
TABLE XXVIII
AERATED MIXTURE OF PLANT EFFLUENT AND AERATION LAGOON EFFLUENT
(11:1 RATIO)
5/27/70
"A" Plant Effluent
"B" Aeration Lagoon
Effluent
1600 ML "A"
16000 ML "B" Mlxed
5/27/70
5/28/70
5/29/70
5/31/70
6/1/70
6/2/70
6/3/70
6/4/70
pH
7.30
7.95
7.65
7.65
7.95
7.95
7.95
7.95
8.00
7.95
Total
Alkalinity
To pH 4.2
mg/1
4442
194
596
594
620
674
620
388
392
""
Chloride
mg/1
51660
595
5230
—
—
__
—
—
5235
COD
Millipore BOD
Filtered mg/1
5225
41
500
520 340
305
127 183
120 133
70
78
Phenols
mg/1
115.3
0.09
9.5
8.3
6.1
—
1.1
0.55
0.44
0.28
Phenoxy-
Acids
mg/1
2326
0.78
23.9
23.9
24.0
—
21.5
20.8
19.1
16.2
Percent Overall Reduction
34.5%
85%
97%
32%
-------
CHANGE OP BODs IN
MIXTURE OF INDUSTRIAL
PLANT EFFLUENT WITH AERATION LAGOON
EFFLUENT UNDER CONSTANT AERATION
Log10(BOD5t / BOD5o) = 2 - kt
t in days; k = Rate Constant = Slope = 0.145
TIME IN DAYS
62
-------
I Till1 *
FIGURE 3
CHANGE OF MIXED CHLORQPHENOL CONCENTRATION WITH TIME
IN A MIXTURE OF INDUSTRIAL PLANT EFFLUENT
AND AERATION LAGOON EFFLUENT
V UNDER CONSTANT AERATION
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
V
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
%
f.
I I
345
Time in Days
63
-------
TABLE XXIX
CHANGE IN DO CONTENT OF 1:100 DILUTION OF
INDUSTRIAL PLANT EFFLUENT IN AERATION LAGOON EFFLUENT
Temp. = 20°C pH = 7.25
Time Bottle DO % DO Time
(min.) No. (mg/1) Remaining (days)
0 76 8.1 100 0
60 81 6.8 84 0.042
136 84 5.0 62 0.094
189 87 3.9 48 0.131
280 112 2.4 30 0.195
340 119 1.3 16 0.237
64
-------
I I
FIGURE 4
PERCENT DO REMAINING IN
DILUTION OF INDUSTRIAL PLANT EFFLUENT
IN AERATION LAGOON EFFLUENT
AT oH 7.25 and 20°C.
10
Ti:.;;; in Days
65
-------
These experiments prompted an in vitro study of the
behavior of mixtures of pure chlorophenol with the
corresponding pure chlorophenoxy-acid when mixed in known
concentration in aeration lagoon effluent.
One of the objectives of the project was to attempt to
determine the rates of removal of chlorophenols and other
related potentially toxic contaminants from the waste
stream. Such determinations were not deemed practical if
attempted directly on the constantly changing lagoon
system. In the course of the work, however, the change in
concentration of several chlorophenols in mixtures with
corresponding chlorophenoxy-acids and aeration lagoon
effluent was studied.
Several bottles of differing mixtures were maintained in
conditions of continuous aeration at about 20°C by means
of a common air supply. The air to each of the bottles
was passed through a wash bottle containing distilled
water to minimize loss of water from the various test
bottles. Air flow was equalized to each bottle by adjust-
ment of screw type pinch clamps, noting the number of
bubbles of air. Each test bottle contained an equal
volume taken from a "grab" sample of the aeration lagoon
effluent. This sample was used as a common diluent and was
collected in a five gallon bottle, aerated and stirred
during removal of the quantity needed for each test bottle.
Known amounts of a chlorophenol and the corresponding
phenoxy-acid were added to separate test bottles as solu-
tions in distilled water. Each mixture was adjusted to
pH 7.0 prior to mixture with the aeration lagoon effluent.
In each instance, 50 ml of the neutral solution were added
with stirring to make a final volume of two (2) liters in
each test bottle. In this way the initial bacterial
population and nutrients were as nearly identical as
practicable. Blanks were prepared with 50 ml of each of
four of the mixtures containing chlorophenols in distilled
water only. These blanks were aerated to the same extent
as the test bottles to determine the rate of vaporization
of the chlorophenol.
The concentrations of the various compounds and the changes
produced at various times following initial mixing are
shown graphically in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.
A solution of technical pentachlorophenol was prepared to
contain 1.586 gm/1 by first dissolving the 'penta' in 0.5
normal sodium hydroxide and then diluting with distilled
66
-------
too
I I I I I I I I I
FIGURE 5
REMOVAL OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL AND 2,4-DICHLORO-
PHENOXYACETIC ACID FROM SOLUTION IN AERATION
BASIN EFFLUENT BY CONTINUOUS AERATION
150
100
50
2.4-DCP Concentration
Initial Conditions:
64 ppm 2,4-DCP
174 ppm 2,4-D Acid
MM
Aeration Lagoon Effluent
pH of acid-phenol mixture
adjusted to 7.00 just before
mixing with effluent
Temperature: 20-21°C.
Constant slow stream of air
bubbled through mixture.
Control samples same as above
without Aeration Lagoon _
Effluent. Only distilled
water as solvent.
2,4-D Acid Concentration
Distilled Water Control
6 7 8 9 10
Time In Days
67
-------
200
^ I I I I I I I I I I I
FIGURE 6
REMOVAL OF 2,6-DICHLOROPHENOL AND 2,6-DICHLORO-
PHENOXYACETIC ACID FROM SOLUTION IN AERATION
BASIN EFFLUENT BY CONTINUOUS AERATION
150
2,6-D Acid Concentration
100
Initial Conditions;
64 ppm 2,6-DCP
178 ppm 2,6-D Acid
Aeration Lagoon Effluent
pH of acid-phenol mixture
adjusted to 7.00 just before
mixing with effluent.
Temperature: 20-21°C.
Constant stream of air
bubbled through mixture.
Control samples same as above
without Aeration Lagoon
Effluent. Only distilled
water as solvent.
Distilled Water Control
50
0 1
2,6-DCP Concentration
J I \ J,
II
L
J LJ
789
Time in Days
TO llj|12 13 14 15
68
-------
I i i i i rI i i i i r i i
FIGURE 7
REMOVAL OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYPROPIQNIC ACID
FROM SOLUTION IN AERATION BASIN EFFLUENT BY CONTINUOUS
AERATION
•T5-
2,4-DP Concentration
j Seeded with 100 mis from
I bottle which had contained
the 2,4-DCP mixture.
Initial Conditions:
186 ppm 2,4-DP Acid
Aeration Lagoon Effluent
pH of acid solution adjusted to
7.00 just before mixing with
effluent.
Temperature: 20-21°C.
Constant slow stream of air bubbled
through mixture.
No control - non-volatile.
I
I
I
tf.
\ L
67891
Time in Days
13 14 15 16 17
69
-------
FIGURE 8
REMOVAL OF 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL AND 2,4,5-TRI-
CHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID FROM SOLUTION IN
AERATION BASIN
EFFLUENT
BY
CONTINUOUS
mg/1
60
AERATION
Initial Conditions:
50 ppm 2,4,5-T Acid
18.8 ppm 2,4,5-TCP
Aeration Basin Effluent
pH of acid-phenol mixture adjusted to
7.00 just before mixing with effluent.
Temperature: 20-21°C.
Constant slow stream of air bubbled
through mixture.
Control samples same as above without
Aeration Basin Effluent. Only
distilled water as solvent.
50
40
30
20
10
Distilled Water Control
-T Acid Concentration
Distilled Water Control
I
6 7 8 9 10
Time in Days
70
-------
mg/1
70
60
FIGURE 9
REMOVAL OF 2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL AND
2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID FROM SOLUTION IN
AERATION BASIN EFFLUENT BY CONTINUOUS AERATION
Initial Conditions;
18.5 ppm 2,4,6-TCP
53.0 ppm 2,4,6-T Acid
Aeration Lagoon Effluent
pH of acid-phenol mixture
adjusted to 7.00 just before
mixing with effluent.
Temperature: 20-21°C.
Constant slow stream of air
bubbled through mixture.
Control samples same as above
without Aeration Lagoon
Effluent. Only distilled
water as solvent.
2,4,6-T Acid Concentration
40
30
Distilled Water Control
20
10
J I
2,4,6-TCP Concentration
J I L_l I I 1 1 1 L
6 7 8 9 10
Time in Days
11 12 13 14 15
71
-------
mg/1
150
>
100
FIGURE 10
REMOVAL OF 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYPROPIONIC ACID
FROM SOLUTION IN AERATION BASIN EFFLUENT BY CONTINUOUS
AERATION
initial Conditions:
107.5 ppm 2,4,5-TP Acid
Aeration Lagoon Effluent
pH of acid solution adjusted
to 7.00 just before mixing
with effluent.
Temperature: 20-21°C.
Constant slow stream of air
bubbled through mixture.
No control - Non-volatile.
2,4,5-TP Concentration
••—• *—» • m
Seeded with 100 mis
from bottle which had
contained the 2,4,5-TCP
mixture.
50
1
I t I I I //
6 7 8 9 10//
Time in Days
72
-------
water. A portion of this solution was used to prepare two
liters of a mixture with aeration lagoon effluent to
contain 39.5 mg/1 of pentachlorophenol. The mixture was
aerated continuously and samples were removed for analysis
at intervals. At this concentration the pentachlorophenol
appeared to be in solution, but the mixture was shaken
thoroughly before taking each sample to ensure uniformity.
The results obtained are shown in Table XXX under Experi-
ment 1. No significant change occurred up to the time the
aerated mixture was seeded with a portion of aeration
lagoon influent as noted in the Table. Thereafter, by the
third day the concentration of pentachlorophenol was
reduced to 0.5 mg/1.
A second mixture containing about 81 mg/1 of pentachloro-
phenol was prepared using aeration lagoon influent. This
mixture was aerated continuously and sampled for analysis.
The data obtained is shown in Table XXX under Experiment 2.
As in the first experiment with 'penta' in aeration lagoon
effluent, little change in concentration occurred until the
mixture was seeded with a portion of mixed liquid from the
first experiment. Then in 30 hours the concentration fell
to 0.6 mg/1.
A third experiment employing 1440 ml of the residual liquid
from the second experiment made up to a total volume of
1640 ml with BOD dilution water and neutralized pentachloro-
phenol solution. This mixture, having an initial
concentration of about 81 mg/1 of pentachlorophenol, was
aerated continuously and sampled for analysis as before.
The results obtained are shown in Table XXX under
Experiment 3. This mixture lost pentachlorophenol smoothly
until a level of about 9 mg/1 was reached, at which time it
was noted that the pH of the mixture had dropped to 5.2 and
change had ceased.
The data given in Table XXX is plotted in Figure 11 to
illustrate the changes graphically. In figure 12, the
log^Q °f tne amount of pentachlorophenol which had
disappeared in Experiment 3 is plotted versus time.
73
-------
TABLE XXX
CHANGE IN PENTACHLOROPHENOL CONCENTRATION
IN AERATED SOLUTIONS IN AERATION LAGOON EFFLUENT
Time
(Days
0
0.8
2.8
3.8
4.8
7.7
Seeded
Lagoon
Experiment 1
Concentration
(mg/1)
40.3
38.9
39.8
40.4
39.6
38.1
with 100 mis Aeration
Influent at 7.70 days
(100 mis + 1475 mis)
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
35.6
32.0
17.1
0.5
Experiment 2
Time Concentration
(Days) (mg/1)
0
0.25
1.04
1.47
1.94
5.13
6.0
6.4
Seeded with 150
Experiment 1
(150 mis + 1529
0
1.25
81.1
80.0
77.9
78.5
79.3
74.3
74.1
75.8
mis of
mis)
62.3
0.6
Experiment 3
Residue from Experiment 2 with added 'Penta*
Time
(Days)
Concentration
(mg/1
Amount Disappeared
(mg/1)
0
0.97
1.09
1.26
pH 7.1
1,
1,
61
96
2.24
2.45
2.95
3.28
pH 5.2
81.5
70.3
67.4
63.9
53.0
38.6
21.1
9.75
8.82
8.85
0
11.2
14.1
17.6
28.5
42.9
60.4
71.75
72.68
72.65
74
-------
FIGURE- 11
CHANGE IN PENTACHLOROPHENOL CONCENTRATION IN
AERATED SOLUTIONS IN AERATION LAGOON EFFLUENT
Seeded
Seeded
5678
Time in Days
10
11 12
75
-------
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
Mg/1
30
20
10
FIGURE 12
LOG PLOT OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL CONCENTRATION REACTED
VERSUS
TIME IN DAYS FOR EXPERIMENT No. 3 WITH 'PENTA1
Illustrates apparent logarithmic disappearance of 'Penta1
*—-X
TIME IN DAYS
76
-------
SECTION IX
BIOLOGICAL STUDY
Time Period Covered;
Biological sampling and analyses were carried out during
the period of June 6, 1969, until June 29, 1970. A total
of 100 samplings at each of 12 sample points was made
during this time, which included four seasonal intensive
sampling periods of two weeks each, during which samples
were taken at all sampling points each day. At other
times weekly samples were taken at all twelve points.
Sampling Procedure:
Aeration Lagoon; The aeration lagoon or basin was sampled
at the influent and effluent on each sampling day, and
water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen measured at
both points. The influent and effluent were designated
Station 1 and Station 2, respectively. Samples of the
algae growing on the aeration basin rocks were taken on a
random basis.
Oxidation Lagoons; Five samples were taken at each
oxidation lagoon or pond during each sampling day: four
at grid points, and one at each effluent (see diagram of
sampling point locations, Fig. B-l). Water temperature,
pH, and dissolved oxygen were determined, as were those
of the aeration lagoon, when samples were taken. Air
temperatures were also recorded on sampling days, and all
samples analyzed for total and fecal coliform bacteria
and for plankton organisms. Intermittent bottom sampling
produced virtually no benthic organisms.
Methods of Analysis:
Plankton; Plankton samples were obtained by means of a
small plastic bucket. Whenever possible, plankters were
counted immediately upon return to the laboratory,
unpreserved. Whenever it was necessary to preserve
plankton samples for counting at a future date, this was
done by adding 10% formalin adjusted to pH 7.0 with
borax powder. Plankton samples were concentrated in the
largest quantities practicable - usually from 25 to 100
ml - by passing the water through a membrane filter
(Millipore type HA) of pore size 0.45 u.
77
-------
BIOLOGICAL STUDY
SAMPLING POINT LOCATIONS
OCTOBER, 1970
AERATED
LAGOON
OXIDATION PONDS
©
FIG. B-l
78
-------
Plankters were identified and counted by using a
Sedgwick-Rafter all-glass counting chamber and binocular
microscope. Total chamber counts were made, and the
appropriate concentration factors applied in order to
determine the number of organisms per liter. Since there
was no significant difference in the kinds and numbers
of plankters found at the various grid sampling points of
the oxidation ponds, the mean of the numbers of plankters
at these points was used as the "Body of Oxidation Ponds"
station of the plankton graphs (Fig. B-3). Plankters
examined in the samples covered by this report reveal that
these organisms were few in generic types, and are in
general those types normally associated with sewage
lagoons. Appendix A presents averages per liter of each
of the plankton genera identified at each station during
the non-intensive sampling periods.
Organisms Growing on Aeration Basin Rocks:
Four genera of plankton organisms predominated on the
stones of the aeration basin levees: Phormidium, Ulothrix,
Anacystis, and Navicula. Of these, Anacystis is
consistently the more numerous, followed by the others in
the order in which they are listed above. Phormidium and
Anacystis are blue-green algae and pollution-tolerant,
Ulothrix is a green alga and pollution-tolerant, and
Navicula is a diatom which is also pollution-tolerant.
When they are operating, the trickling filters of the old
portion of the sewage treatment plant have organisms of
these four genera growing on their rocks. The numbers of
individuals of each of these genera, in both trickling
filters and aeration stones, varies somewhat with the
seasons of the year.
Microbiological Sampling and Analyses: Counts of total
coliform bacteria and bacteria of the fecal coliform group
were made for each sample taken at each sampling station.
There proved to be no significant difference in the number
of coliform organisms found at the various grid sampling
points of the oxidation lagoons; therefore, the mean of
the numbers of coliforms at these points was used in
obtaining the "Body of Oxidation Ponds" station point B of
Fig. B-2. Microbiological technics employed in treating
these samples were as follows:
1. Total Coliform Bacteria: Total coliform counts were
obtained by the membrane filter method. Type HA Millipore
filters with a pore size of 0.45 u were used. Three
filtrations of each sample (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 ml) were
79
-------
made, and the stainless steel filtration funnel rinsed
three times following filtration with 10-20 ml of
phosphate-buffered distilled water, while the membrane was
still in place.
All membrane filters were rolled on to blotter-type filter
pads saturated with m-ENDO BROTH MF (Difco), rehydrated
by using 100 ml distilled water and 2.0 ml ethyl alcohol
for each 4.8 gm of the dried medium. Filters were
incubated on their pads for 22-24 hr. at 35°C + 0.5°C in
the inverted position (in order to prevent the accumula-
tion of water on the surface of the membrane filter). The
average number of coliform organisms per 100 ml of sample
water was obtained by noting the number of colonies
(exhibiting a golden sheen) that grew during each incuba-
tion, converting this to numbers per 100 ml, then
averaging the three in order to obtain the average number
per 100 ml in the sample.
2. Fecal Coliform Organisms: Counts of fecal coliform
organisms were obtained in a manner similar to that
employed for total coliforms, with notable exceptions. In
brief, the method used was as follows. Difco mFC BROTH
BASE was used, and the medium rehydrated by suspending
3.7 grams in 100 ml distilled water. Following rehydra-
tion, one ml of a 1% solution of rosolic acid in 0.2N
sodium hydroxide was added. The solution was heated to
boiling, cooled to room temperature, and each absorbent
pad saturated with the medium as in the total coliform
procedure (approximately 2 ml per pad). After saturation,
excess medium in each petri dish was discarded. Each pad
and membrane were encased in a plastic petri dish with
tight-fitting cover, or several petri dishes were enclosed
in a water-tight plastic bag, and incubation carried out
by submerging the dishes in the inverted position in a
water bath maintained at a temperature of 44.5°C +_ 0.5°C
for 24 hours. Dark blue colonies are indicative of fecal
coliform organisms, and averages per 100 ml are obtained
as in the method for enumerating total coliform bacteria.
Averages of total and fecal coliform counts for each
station are presented in Tables B-l, B-3, B-5, and B-6
(see Appendix B). The data in Appendix B reflect relevant
items in Fig. B-2, which shows the numbers of total and
fecal coliform organisms at the influent of the aeration
basin, the body of the oxidation lagoons, and the effluents
of these lagoons, during each of the four seasonal
intensive studies.
pH: Determination of pH was made immediately upon samp-
ling by employing a Hach Model 1975 battery-operated pH
80
-------
meter, calibrated frequently by means of standard buffers.
Dissolved Oxygen and Water Temperature; Dissolved oxygen
in parts per million and temperature of the water (and air)
in degrees centigrade were obtained as soon as each sample
was taken, by means of a Model 54 Oxygen Meter (battery
operated), manufactured by the Yellow Springs Instrument
Company. The meter was calibrated periodically against the
Winkler method for the determination of dissolved oxygen.
EXPLANATION OF TABLES
Following this discussion, twelve tables are presented
which summarize the biological work carried out during this
survey at the Jacksonville, Arkansas, sewage treatment
plant: Tables B-l through B-8 summarize water tempera-
tures, pH, dissolved oxygen, total and fecal coliform
organisms, and kinds and numbers of plankters found during
the intensive sampling periods. Tables B-9 through B-12
summarize the bacteriological and physical data accumulated
during the entire survey, presenting maximums, minimums and
averages for the parameters measured.
Discussion and Conclusions:
The information gathered in the biological portion of this
study indicates that the general conditions prevailing in
the Jacksonville treatment plant do not differ in any
significant way from conditions to be expected in a similar
setup that does not receive complex chlorophenolic wastes
combined with the normal sewage.
As seen in Figure B-3, a conventional pattern of plankton
growth occurred both in time and space. A low level of
plankton growth occurred in the aeration pond influent,
with a slight increase in the effluent, and a large
increase in the body of the ponds. The characteristic
pattern of increasing spring plankton populations followed
by peak summer blooms, decreasing in autumn to a winter
low, occurred at all points except No. 2, the aeration
lagoon effluent, where an uncharacteristic dip occurs in
the summer population. Since this anomaly was not
reflected in the body of the oxidation ponds, it is
doubtful that it is of any real significance; rather it is
more probably the result of inconsistent counting practices,
chiefly involving the ubiquitous blue-green algae
Anacystis, which is quite difficult to count.
81
-------
FIGURE B-2
COLIFORM ORGANISMS
SEASONAL INTENSIVE STUDIES
25-i
V)
X
o
o
o
«b
o
o
o
2
cr
O
oc
o
o
o
STA. I 2 8 7 8
FALL- 69
I 2 B 7 8
WINTER-70
12178
SPRING- 70
» 2 B 7 8
SUMMER-70
82
-------
The reduction in coliform organisms across the system is
quite good, as shown in Figure B-2. The general picture
of coliform density also adheres quite closely with what
one would expect in a similar normal system, with high
summer counts, low winter counts, and intermediate spring
and fall counts.
The Hercules plant was shut down during much of the time
period covered by this study. Interpretations of the data
in relation to the subject of this research project is,
therefore, quite difficult. The plant was in operation
during only 23% of the biological study period, and most
of this occurred during the last five months. The plant
operated only 7% of the days during the first eight months,
while it operated 50% of the days of the final five months.
Figure B-4 shows the periods of operation during the
thirteen months of the study, and also shows the intensive
seasonal studies in relation to the periods of plant
operation. The plant did not operate at all during the
fall intensive and had not operated for nearly four months
prior to it. The plant did not resume operations until
near the end of the winter intensive. On the other hand,
Hercules operated fairly regularly before and during the
spring and summer intensive studies. In spite of these
facts, nothing could be found in the data which would
indicate that the biological aspects of the ponds were
influenced in any significant way by the immediate presence
or absence of waste from the Hercules plant in the
influent.
83
-------
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN NUMBERS OP PLANKTON IN
AERATION LAGOON INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT
AND IN BODY OF OXIDATION PONDS
CM
CO
J
K
&
to
CD
K
O
O
O
O
FIGURE B-3
Body of
Oxidation
Ponds
84
-------
CO
01
FIGURE B-4
PERIODS OF HERCULES. INC. PLANT
OPERATION SHOWING RELATIONSHIP TO
SEASONAL INTENSIVE BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
I 23456 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 222324252627 28293031
70
JUNE
JULY
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
1969
1970
I 2 345 6 78 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 2223242526 27 262930 31
DAYS OF MONTH
LEGEND:
If PERIODS OF OPERATION
PERIODS OF INTENSIVE STUDY
PERIODS OF BOTH
-------
86
-------
SECTION X
COST ANALYSIS
Installation;
The cost of installation of the pump station revisions,
force main, aerated lagoon and appurtenances as designed
for the joint treatment of herbicidal-domestic wastes in
the modified Jacksonville west sewage treatment plant are
presented here as a matter of record. Obviously, the
costs of such an installation at other locations will vary
from these costs with the treatment requirements of a
particular municipality, construction costs in the area
and the availability and cost of the necessary land.
However, the costs presented should serve as the basis for
an order of magnitude estimate.
Cost of Construction:
Compacted Fill: $ 13,764.80
Class "A" Concrete: 3,802.50
Class "B" Concrete: 731.25
Reinforcing Steel: 750.00
Sewer Pipe: 8,533.00
Crushed Stone: 2,125.00
Gravel Cut and Replaced: 85.00
Lump Sum Items (Electrical,
Fencing, Clearing, Etc.): 34,673.60
Aeration Equipment: 65,987.00
Engineering: 11,965.39
Total: $142,417.54
Operation;
The principal cost of operation of an aerated lagoon is
that of electrical power for the pumps and aerators.
This cost also will vary with the location because of
different power rate structures and with the requirements
of a particular municipality.
During one year, from May 16, 1969 to May 15, 1970
inclusive, one billion gallons of sewage flowed through
the aeration lagoon. This represents an average flow of
83.3 million gallons per month or 2.74 MGD. The cost of
power for the aerators during that period was $16,289.17.
The average cost per month was $1,357.43 or $44.63 per
day. Thus, the sewage was aerated at an average cost of
1.63 cents per thousand gallons.
87
-------
The total BOD^ load on the aeration lagoon, based on an
average BOD5 content of the influent of 77 mg/1, was
639,100 pounds.
The total BOD5 content of the effluent, based on an average
BOD5 content of 25 mg/1, was 208,250 pounds.
The 6005 satisfied by up-take of oxygen in the aeration
lagoon was therefore 430,850 pounds of 6005, removed at a
cost of 3.78 cents per pound.
88
-------
SECTION XI
DISCUSSION
The industrial waste under study in this joint treatment
project arises from the manufacture of hormone type
herbicides, principally 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T).
The former is made by coupling 2,4-dichlorophenol (2-4-DCP)
with monochloroacetic acid (MCA) in alkaline medium, the
latter by employing 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) in
place of 2,4-DCP.
The interaction of chlorine gas bubbled into dry molten
phenol contained in a glass system, maintained at nearly
constant temperature slightly above 50°C, proceeds readily
without a catalyst as an exothermic reaction evolving
hydrogen chloride. Chlorine replaces hydrogen in phenol
most readily in the 4- position, less readily in the
2- position. As chlorination is continued, both 2- and
4- chlorophenol may yield 2,4-DCP and 2-chlorophenol may
yield 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP). By the time 2 molar
equivalents of chlorine per mol of phenol have been added,
a small amount of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) may
be present. Further chlorination yields more 2,4,6-TCP
readily at the expense of the 2,4-DCP and 2,6-DCP compounds,
but little higher chlorination occurs without higher
temperature and added catalyst.
Technical dichlorophenol thus may consist of from 86-92%
of 2,4-DCP with 11 - 6% of 2,6-DCP and variable small
amounts of 2-chlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol (if under-
chlorinated) and 2,4,6-TCP (if slightly overchlorinated).
Technical 2,4,5-TCP is not a product of direct chlorina-
tion and may contain small amounts of 2,5-dichlorophenol
(2,5-DCP) and other materials depending on conditions of
manufacture. 2,4,5-TCP is produced by alkaline dechlorina-
tion of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, which may contain small
amounts of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The latter compound
yields 2,5-DCP upon dechlorination in the process used.
Thus the neutral aqueous waste stream from a plant using
technical 2,4-DCP and technical 2,4,5-TCP to produce
chlorophenoxy acid based herbicides would be expected to
have a variable mixed chlorophenol content. A greater
content of 2,6-DCP would be expected in the waste stream
because 2,4-DCP appears to couple with MCA nearly five
times as rapidly as does 2,6-DCP. The waste stream would
89
-------
also exhibit a variable content of the salts of various
chlorophenoxy-acids and of the highly water soluble,
by-product hydrolysate salts of the chloroalkanoic acids
used in the manufacturing process. A relatively high
concentration of salts of the mineral acid used to liberate
the organic acids in the process would be expected as the
major constituent of the waste.
Mills reported on the removal of "dichlorophenol"
present in a 2,4-D waste water stream using a pilot plant
designed as a combined trickling filter and activated
sludge system. The pilot plant unit was seeded with
activated sludge from a local sewage plant and the waste
stream was diluted to one-tenth strength with water before
treatment. He states that the average removal of "dichloro-
phenol" during the most efficient period of operation was
86%. It is assumed that the "dichlorophenol" present in
the waste studied by Mills was comparable to the complex
chlorophenol mixture encountered in the present study,
although the mineral acid salt content may have been
different.
It was demonstrated that the nature of the industrial
waste studied here did not change significantly during the
time between the special survey of the Upper Bayou Meto by
the Arkansas Pollution Control Commission, as shown in
quoted Table I and the time of the demonstration project.
However, the magnitude of the waste components did change
from time to time during the project as noted in Table XXI.
These changes were brought about by intermittent operation
of the plant and improved in-plant recovery processes.
During the first four months of this study of joint treat-
ment, a period of minimal industrial plant activity, the
average reductions in BOD5 , COD and chlorophenols across
the aeration lagoon and stabilization ponds were found to
be 87%, 77% and 92%, respectively, for unfiltered samples.
Removal of chlorophenols by the aerated lagoon alone
during the period of industrial plant operation ranged
from 55 to 89%, while the overall removal of chlorophenols
b;y both the lagoon and stabilization ponds ranged from
87 to 94%. Removal of chlorophenoxy acids was definitely
less, ranging from about 30 to 70% within the lagoon,
while removal by the lagoon and ponds ranged from 49 to
80%.
However, the stabilization pond effluent quality during
this period was good: The average unfiltered 3005 was
15 mg/1; chlorophenols, 0.1 mg/1; and chlorophenoxy acids,
90
-------
1.1 mg/1. Chloride climbed to a peak of about 540 rag/1,
which might have been near steady state concentration, had
plant production continued.
It is apparent that during the period 1/17-4/17, 1970, when
the No. 1 aerator was out of service, that the increasing
load from the industrial plant seemed to induce greater
efficiency of overall removal of BOD5, chlorophenols and
chlorophenoxy acids by the aerated lagoon.
When the No. 1 aerator was returned to service, fractional
removal of 6005 was not changed significantly. Some
improvement noted in the fractional removal of chloro-
phenols and chlorophenoxy acids may have been due to
reduction in their loading.
When the effect of the number of aerators in service is
considered, it would appear that BOD5 removal within the
lagoon is somewhat improved by less stirring with an
approximately constant BOD load. The average linear
velocity within the lagoon is lowered as the pumping
capacity decreases (fewer aerators operating). This would
permit some settling of floe with consequent increase in
mixed liquor settleable solids relative to biochemically
oxidizable material. This behavior was subjectively
confirmed by the observation that changing aerators when
fewer than all four were running, always resulted in a
temporary increase in settleable solids within the lagoon.
It is believed that oxidation within the lagoon could be
improved by interposing a settling section from which
active floe could be continuously returned and mixed with
the influent flow to the lagoon.
Since the BODs of a waste is dependent among other factors
on the nature of the waste and the bacterial population, a
system subjected to a relatively constant high through-put
volume should perform more efficiently if the flow is
constantly fortified with acclimated bacterial floe.
It was observed that the BODs of the influent rose sharply
immediately after a heavy rain. Infiltration apparently
"scoured" the lines, bringing down a greater amount of
oxidizable material and also a larger number of viable
organisms. Continued heavy rain served to dilute both
oxidizable waste and organisms, with consequent reduction
in
91
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SECTION XII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Mr. S. Ladd Davies, Director, Arkansas Pollution Control
Commission, and members of the scientific and technical
staff of the Commission, particularly Mr. Bobby G. Voss
and Mr. James R. Shell, have been most cooperative and
helpful since the inception of the grant proposal.
The design and construction phases of the project were
under the able execution and supervision of Marion L. Crist
& Associates, Inc., Little Rock, Arkansas. Mr. Marion L.
Crist, Mr. Arnold J. Tyer, and Mr. Robert Yeatman of that
organization are especially deserving of many thanks for
their continued interest and assistance during the course
of the project study.
Mr. Elmer H. Hines, Superintendent, Jacksonville Water &
Sewer Department and Mr. Oscar Peeler, operator of the
Jacksonville West Sewage Treatment Plant, deserve the lions
share of credit for the actual operation of the combined
treatment system.
Many thanks go also to Mr. Curtis Mahla and Mr. James T.
French of the Design and Technical Section, Base Civil
Engineers, Little Rock Air Force Base in appreciation of
their advice during discussions and for aiding in provision
of local climatological information.
It is with deepest gratitude that the assistance of Mr.
James R. Shell and Mr. Neil Woomer, both of the Arkansas
Pollution Control Commission, and of Dr. Clarence B.
Sinclair, Chairman of the Department of Life Science, the
University of Arkansas at Little Rock, is acknowledged in
connection with the biological study.
Finally, it must be acknowledged that without the full
cooperation of Mr. George C. Putnicki and other members of
the staff of the Federal Water Quality Administration; Mr.
John H. Harden, Mayor, and members of the Jacksonville City
Council; the Officers and Directors of the Synthetics
Department, Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, Delaware,
and the staff of the Arkansas Pollution Control Commission
together with the hard, dedicated work of Mr. Israel C.
Haidar, who performed most of the analytical tests and
Mr. Bobby C. Brewer who performed most of the U V analyses,
this report would not have been possible.
William Evans, M.S. Zoology
Albert E. Sidwell,PhD. Chem.
92
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SECTION XIII
REFERENCES
Mills, R. E., "Development of Design Criteria for
Biological Treatment of an Industrial Effluent
Containing 2,4-D Waste Water," 14th Industrial Waste
Conference, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana,
pp 340-358 (1959).
Faust, S. D., and Aly, 0. M., "Studies on the Removal
of 2,4-D and 2,4-DCP from Surface Waters," 18th
Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University,
Lafayette, Indiana, pp 6-8 (1963).
Ingols, R. S., Gaffney, P. E., and Stevenson, P. C.,
"Biological Activity of Halophenols," J. Water
Pollution Control Federation, pp 629-635, April 1966.
"Waste Water Study for Hercules Powder Company,
Jacksonville, Arkansas Plant," conducted by Department
of Environmental Science, Rutgers University, Brunswick,
New Jersey, September 6, 1963.
A. W. Busch, Consulting Engineer, Houston, Texas, "A
Study of Chemical and Biological Oxidation of a 2,4-D
Waste Water," September 1963, prepared for Hercules
Powder Company.
"Special Survey in Upper Bayou Meto Basin - 1967,"
Arkansas Pollution Control Commission.
93
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APPENDIX A
Scientific Name
SURVEY SUMMARY OF PLANKTON ORGANISMS
6/5/69 - 10/11/69
19 Samples
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Anabaena
Anacystis
Cladophora
Filinia
Lecane
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Coelosphaerium
Cyclops
Filinia
Gonium
Itura
Lecane
Lepadella
Lyngbya
Melosira
Monostyla
Nematode
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Pediastrum
Phacus
Philodina
Station 1
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green alga
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 2
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
blue-green alga
copepod
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
diatom
rotifer
micro-round worm
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
TNTC
TNTC
105
105
52
52
105
210
578
52
52
52
TNTC
TNTC
52
578
368
157
1,736
105
52
157
421
210
105
1,368
52
157
105
52
157
1,736
315
157
1,052
475
94
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Platyias
Pleodorina
Pleurotrocha
Surirella
Synedra
Tardegrada
Ulothrix
Volvox
Voronkowia
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Bosmina
Brachionus
Chlamydomonas
Chlorella
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Coelosphaerium
Cyclops
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Lecane
Lepadella
Lyngbya
Melosira
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Ostracoda
Pandorina
Phacus
Pleodorina
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Voronkowia
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
diatom
diatom
water bear
green alga
green alga
rotifer
ciliated protozoan
Station 3
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
micro-crustacean
rotifer
green flagellate
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
blue-green alga
copepod
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
diatom
rotifer
blue-green alga
fairy shrimp
green flagellate
protozoan
green flagellate
diatom
green alga
green alga
rotifer
ciliated protozoan
Station 4
blue-green alga
blue-green- alga
210
368
210
315
1,157
52
105
1,315
1,421
789
TNTC
TNTC
526
210
1,473
157
210
578
526
947
52
210
526
210
736
105
157
315
57
1,578
2,368
52
7,578
4,000
263
2,684
105
736
157
157
170,930
205,315
95
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chiamydomona s
Chloroccus
Cladophora
Clostridium
Conochilus
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Itura
Lecane
Lyngbya
Monostyla
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Philodina
Platydorina
Platyias
Pleodorina
Synedra
Tetramastix
Ulothrix
Volvox
Voronkowia
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlamydomonas
Chlorella
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Conochilus
Cyclops
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Itura
Lecane
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
green alga
green alga
green alga
rotifer
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
rotifer
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
green flagellate
diatom
rotifer
green alga
green alga
rotifer
ciliated protozoan
Station 5
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
rotifer
copepod
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
368
736
947
6,842
1,368
52
105
1,263
52
263
210
157
421
52
842
52
3,263
3,000
3,630
684
52
1,000
315
4,421
105
368
526
52
894
163,421
184,894
526
789
368
684
6,157
526
315
157
210
1,526
473
315
210
105
96
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Lepadella
Lyngbya
Melosira
Mono sty la
No s toe
Oscillator ia
Pandorina
Pediastrum
Phacus
Philodina
Platyias
Pleurotrocha
Surirella
Synedra
Tardegrada
Ulothrix
Volvox
Voronkowia
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chi amy domon a s
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Conochilus
Cyclops
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Itura
Keratella
Lecane
Lyngbya
Melosira
Monostyla
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Philodina
Phormidium
rotifer
blue-green alga
diatom
rotifer
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
diatom
water bear
green alga
green alga
rotifer
ciliated protozoan
Station 6
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
green alga
protozoans
green alga
rotifer
copepod
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
diatom
rotifer
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
blue-green alga
263
210
263
842
473
4,000
2,421
52
3,631
578
473
157
52
3,894
105
157
1,052
52
263
93,105
101,052
315
1,105
842
3,210
789
1,157
157
105
210
894
421
52
52
526
52
52
1,368
263
4,421
3,894
4,894
157
105
97
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Platyias
Pleodorina
Synedra
Tetramastix
Ulothrix
Volvox
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Ch1amydomonas
Chlorella
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Conochilus
Cyclops
Cyclotella
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Itura
Keratella
Lecane
Lepadella
Lyngbya
Monostyla
Nematode
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Ostracoda
Pandorina
Phacus
Philodina
Platyias
Pleurotrocha
Synedra
Tabellaria
Tardegrada
Tetramastix
Volvox
Vorticella
rotifer
green flagellate
diatom
rotifer
green alga
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 7
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
green alga
green alga
green alga
rotifer
copepod
diatom
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
rotifer
micro-round worm
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
fairy shrimp
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
diatom
water bear
rotifer
green alga
ciliated protozoan
473
263
1,526
157
52
1,052
421
135,210
155,263
1,210
1,736
684
578
5,210
1,578
315
210
315
789
526
236
157
157
263
157
368
789
52
315
4,105
52
6,526
5,631
315
631
421
5,052
175
52
157
736
894
98
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Anabaena
Anacystis
Ankistrodesmus
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlamydomonas
Chlorella
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladoceran parts
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Itura
Keratella
Lecane
Lepadella
Lyngbya
Melosira
Monostyla
Navicula
Nematode
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Ostracoda
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Pluerotrocha
Synedra
Tardegrada
Ulothrix
Volvox
Voronkowia
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Bosmina
Brachionus
Ch1amydomonas
Station 8
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
green alga
green alga
protozoans
water fleas
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
diatom
rotifer
diatom
micro-round worm
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
fairy shrimp
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
water bear
green alga
green alga
rotifer
ciliated protozoan
Station 9
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
micro-crustacean
rotifer
green flagellate
112,315
140,947
52
947
1,263
421
1,684
19,947
315
473
1,736
1,421
578
263
210
315
52
105
157
52
105
947
52
52
473
5,894
157
2,947
29,315
2,000
421
4,000
52
105
1,473
52
736
104,473
119,789
157
52
894
526
99
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Chlorella
Chlorococcus
Cladoceran parts
Cladophora
Conochilus
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Keratella
Lecane
Lepadella
Monostyla
Navicula
Nostoc
Ocystis
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Pediastrum
Phacus
Philodina
Platydorina
Platyias
Synedra
Tetramastix
Volvox
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladoceran parts
Cladophora
Cyclops
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Itura
Lecane
Lyngbya
Melosira
green alga
green alga
water fleas
green alga
rotifer
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
blue-green alga
green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
diatom
rotifer
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 10
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
water fleas
green alga
copepod
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
diatom
947
21,842
210
789
52
1,105
421
157
105
157
368
105
1,052
368
1,052
210
3,789
1,368
52
26,631
263
368
1,947
3,105
263
1,894
263
165,789
177,631
315
473
1,421
28,947
105
157
421
52
1,473
526
421
105
105
315
157
105
100
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Monostyla
Navicula
Nostoc
Ocystis
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Philodina
Platyias
Pleodorina
Synedra
Volvox
Vornokowia
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chiamydomonas
Chlorella
Chlorococcus
Cladoceran parts
Cladophora
Cyclops
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Itura
Keratella
Lecane
Lepadella
Melosira
Monostyla
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Ostracoda
Pandorina
Phacus
Philodina
Platyias
Pleodorina
Synedra
Tardegrada
Volvox
rotifer
diatom
blue-green alga
green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
diatom
green alga
rotifer
ciliated protozoan
Station 11
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
green alga
green alga
water fleas
green alga
copepod
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
rotifer
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
fairy shrimp
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
diatom
water bear
green alga
105
315
578
105
2,631
2,421
24,578
263
1,473
105
3,736
2,315
105
473
141,315
153,421
473
1,947
894
1,947
28,105
210
368
105
1,526
1,052
526
157
157
368
52
105
157
1,105
315
3,526
52
5,105
25,578
157
2,000
52
5,105
52
1,210
101
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlamydomonas
Chlorella
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladoceran parts
Cladophora
Coelosphaerium
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Lecane
Lepadella
Lyngbya
Melosira
Monostyla
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Philodina
Platyias
Synedra
Tardegrada
Volvox
Voronkowia
Vorticella
ciliated protozoan
Station 12
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green flagellate
green alga
green alga
protozoans
water fleas
green alga
blue-green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
diatom
rotifer
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
water bear
green alga
rotifer
ciliated protozoan
105
125,210
150,315
894
1,210
2,315
16,421
789
263
736
52
1,105
368
526
315
52
105
157
210
315
421
3,368
2,789
26,631
368
2,210
4,052
52
736
157
473
102
-------
SURVEY SUMMARY OF PLANKTON ORGANISMS
November 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, 1969
Scientific Name Common Name Average No./Liter
Anabaena
Anacystis
Chiamydomonas
Cladophora
Filinia
Hexarthra
Lecane
Oscillatoria
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlamydomonas
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Gonium
Itura
Lepadella
Melosira
Philodina
Pleodorina
Surirella
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Voronkowia
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Station 1
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green alga
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
diatom
green alga
green alga
Station 2
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
green alga
green alga
green alga
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
rotifer
green flagellate
diatom
diatom
green alga
green alga
rotifer
ciliated protozoan
Station 3
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
12
TNTC
24
47
71
3
6
3
229
569
1
TNTC
3
66
9
127
2
79
11
76
729
191
15
68
27
917
2
6,100
303
16
61
1,425
149
870
1,331
103
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Monostyle
Pandorina
Phacus
gynedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Conochilus
Euglena
Keratella
Monostyla
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Volvox
protozoana
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
green alga
Station 4
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
green alga
Station 5
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
rotifer
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
113
281
328
59
178
1,302
189
1,117
142
2,115
101
9,831
212
856
1,297
222
364
482
71
269
1,515
191
1,369
166
2,008
88
1,012
261
743
1,421
156
179
10
340
5
243
1,615
134
1,212
1,468
104
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name Average No./Liter
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladoceran parts
Cladophora
Euglena
Keratella
Monostyla
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Tetramastix
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Keratella
Monostyla
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Station 6
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
water fleas
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
rotifer
green alga
Station 7
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
Station 8
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
245
1,119
2
281
546
1,407
1
91
134
33
134
1,216
249
896
3
1,601
257
1,804
256
619
909
1
69
168
49
127
669
397
1,012
1,963
19
323
701
1,304
9,463
488
1,039
1,294
29
360
105
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
lie cane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pendorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Ulothrix
Vorticella
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 9
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 10
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
211
861
2,909
1,016
9,473
179
3,100
1,043
417
1
412
811
913
8,900
396
999
906
293
187
616
911
763
5,494
44
911
836
287
215
696
1,014
9,300
199
1,041
1,212
314
199
608
1,215
896
6,132
29
1,096
106
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name Average No./Liter
Ulothrix
Vorticella
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 11
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
green alga
Station 12
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
green alga
733
331
311
502
997
9,901
259
1,414
1,639
414
798
1,624
966
7,342
36
996
604
219
212
319
804
717
213
1,012
1,793
309
688
1,002
468
5,130
12
866
519
98
107
-------
SURVEY SUMMARY OF PLANKTON ORGANISMS
December 1, 14, 21, 28, 1969
Scientific Name Common Name Average No./Liter
Anacystis
Ch1amydomona s
Cladophora
Filinia
Hexarthra
Lecane
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chiamydomonas
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Cyclops
Gonium
Itura
Lepadella
Melosira
Nematode
Ostracoda
Philodina
Pleodorina
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlroella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Melosira
Monostyla
Nematode
Station 1
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green alga
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
green alga
green alga
Station 2
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
green alga
green alga
green alga
copepod
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
micro-round worm
fairy shrimp
rotifer
green flagellate
Station 3
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
rotifer
micro-round worm
TNTC
18
44
70
4
6
229
495
15
TNTC
2
39
12
131
6
67
9
15
68
616
215
98
1
12
54
808
135
1,087
1,576
82
672
478
76
21
84
1
108
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Pandorina
PHacus
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Phormidium
Platyias
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Pandorina
Phacus
Phormidium
Synedra
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 4
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
blue-green alga
rotifer
diatom
green alga
green alga
Station 5
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
protozoan
blue-green alga
diatom
green alga
Station 6
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
1,460
186
985
123
1,926
93
560
119
1,166
1,697
76
590
379
84
41
2
1,653
190
15
3
5,472
110
1,293
12
621
75
1,019
1,314
196
324
16
79
1,916
129
47
989
1,212
17
787
88
109
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Monostyla
Pandorina
Phacus
Phormidium
Synedra
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Cyclops
Euglena
Keratella
Lyngbya
Monostyla
Pandorina
Phacus
Phormidium
Synedra
Volvox
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
protozoan
blue-green alga
diatom
green alga
Station 7
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
copepod
protozoan
rotifer
blue-green alga
rotifer
green flatellate
protozoan
blue-green alga
diatom
green alga
Station 8
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flatellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
1,511
1,739
137
309
160
1,089
297
956
864
1,505
31
864
100
1,620
1,588
153
1
333
6
2
229
823
303
414
911
1,739
611
811
1,519
9,190
516
1,240
993
37
412
292
901
2,263
1,161
10,513
199
110
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 9
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
4,556
1,191
608
402
551
1,003
6,010
212
913
496
3
184
57
499
1,123
616
8,361
59
2,413
811
315
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Station 10
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
415
711
1,176
7,112
319
1,019
459
20
3
568
1,202
723
8,181
84
2,323
987
516
111
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlroococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladoceran parts
Filinia
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pediastrum
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Vorticella
Station 11
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 12
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
water fleas
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
green alga
ciliated protozoan
319
844
1,269
8,281
476
1,438
597
36
694
1,503
1,782
7,309
93
2,982
511
991
413
212
648
1,119
1,762
289
498
24
505
1,407
1,822
6,903
87
3,115
409
962
212
112
-------
SURVEY SUMMARY OF PLANKTON ORGANISMS
February I, 8, 15, 22, 1970
Scientific Name Common Name Average No./Liter
Anacystis
Ch1amydomonas
Cladophora
Filinia
Hexarthra
Synedra
Anacystis
Brachionus
Cyclops
Cyclotella
Itura
Lepadella
Melosira
Surirella
Synedra
Voronkowia
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Melosira
Monostyla
Navicula
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Ulothrix
Vorticella
Station 1
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green alga
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
Station 2
blue-green alga
rotifer
copepod
diatom
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
diatom
diatom
rotifer
Station 3
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
rotifer
diatom
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 4
TNTC
27
43
69
6
212
TNTC
62
6
1
61
590
247
15
709
253
1,013
39
103
1,321
1,576
81
462
322
81
23
93
4
1,462
191
983
144
63
113
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name Average No./Liter
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Coelosphaerium
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Keratella
Monostyla
Pandorina
Podiastrum
Synedra
Ulothrix
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Pandorina
Synedra
Volvox
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Monostyla
Pandorina
Synedra
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
blue-green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
green alga
diatom
green alga
Station 5
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
diatom
green alga
Station 6
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
diatom
747
256
860
1,213
79
179
12
230
1
86
2
81
1,670
97
1,590
23
880
89
990
1,359
143
182
241
12
76
1,767
1,309
47
972
5
129
690
1,295
136
12
207
24
898
903
114
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name Average No./Liter
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Monostyla
Pandorina
Synedra
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Lecane
Station 7
blue-green alga 724
rotifer 197
green alga 823
green alga 1,026
protozoans 74
green alga 66
protozoan 222
rotifer 89
green flagellate 667
diatom 1,004
Station 8
blue-green alga 313
rotifer 343
rotifer 407
green alga 1,947
green alga 10,650
green alga 515
protozoan 769
rotifer 905
green flagellate 37
rotifer 404
rotifer 305
rotifer 936
blue-green alga 319
green flagellate 909
protozoan 8,120
rotifer 200
diatom 4,667
green alga 932
ciliated protozoan 619
Station 9
blue-green alga 187
rotifer 213
rotifer 222
green alga 936
green alga 5,510
green alga 396
protozoan 353
rotifer 449
green flagellate 12
rotifer 311
rotifer 96
115
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No/Liter
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 10
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 11
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
387
97
415
3,995
59
1,864
405
313
169
119
121
496
3,516
367
943
511
316
87
219
486
651
4,141
23
2,209
499
412
56
27
69
161
2,151
276
804
324
211
196
269
591
5,101
12
2,196
328
294
116
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Station 12
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
44
12
28
76
1,915
269
706
229
107
212
278
463
4,009
1,699
228
182
117
-------
SURVEY SUMMARY OF PLANKTON ORGANISMS
March 1, 8f 15, 22, 1970
Scientific Name Common Name Average No./Liter
Anacystis
Chlamydomonas
Cladophora
Filinia
Synedra
Ulothrix
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Cladophora
Coelosphaerium
Cyclotella
Itura
Lepadella
Nematode
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Pleodorina
Surirella
Synedra
Volvox
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachinous
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Keratella
Monostyle
Phacus
Synedra
Ulothrix
Station 1
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green alga
rotifer
diatom
green alga
Station 2
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
blue-green alga
diatom
rotifer
rotifer
Micro-round worm
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green flagellate
diatom
diatom
green alga
Station 3
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
protozoan
diatom
green alga
TNTC
15
39
71
334
126
97
TNTC
50
12
89
126
2
72
513
101
28
67
59
21
808
3,109
896
3
183
1,155
82
299
254
34
15
96
215
802
101
118
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name Average No./Liter
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Ciliates
cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Mono-style
Phacus
Synedra
Volvox
Anacystis
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Monostyle
Synedra
Tetramastix
Volvox
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Cladophora
Ciliates
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Synedra
Ulothrix
Anacystis
Brachionus
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 4
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
protozoan
diatom
green alga
Station 5
blue-green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
rotifer
green alga
Station 6
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
protozoans
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
green alga
Station 7
blue-green alga
rotifer
1,706
59
666
151
609
97
156
217
39
54
62
6,003
1,317
866
1,006
179
96
137
43
519
29
987
689
153
919
79
64
87
1
2
134
491
1,059
799
218
119
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name Average No./Liter
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Cladophora
Euglena
Monostyla
Synedra
Volvox
Anacystis
Anki strodesmus
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella {vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Itura
Keratella
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
green alga 761
green alga 124
protozoan 50
rotifer 243
diatom 619
green alga 1,231
Station 8
blue-green alga 211
green alga 123
rotifer 309
rotifer 283
green alga 1,176
green alga 12,511
green alga 697
protozoan 799
rotifer 777
green flagellate 136
rotifer 144
rotifer 146
rotifer 111
rotifer 694
blue-green alga 206
green flagellate 1,090
protozoan 6,209
rotifer 143
diatom 3,565
green alga 1,028
oiliated protozoan 444
Anacystis
Ankistrodesmus
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Conochilus
Euglena
Filinia
Genium
Hexatella
Itura
Station 9
blue-green alga
green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
rotifer
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
173
10
215
107
930
844
213
21
297
276
35
87
78
120
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Ankistrodesmus
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Itura
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachicnus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Itura
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 10
blue-green alga
green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 11
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
26
399
109
111
4,311
91
1,090
623
199
116
113
97
980
766
319
276
191
23
48
425
213
811
5,113
96
1,209
7,121
314
94
83
49
491
360
211
187
100
18
51
252
103
819
4,211
121
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name Average No./Liter
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Itura
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 12
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
86
987
409
208
63
34
26
202
262
119
302
137
23
31
198
94
486
3,490
44
707
323
192
122
-------
SURVEY SUMMARY OF PLANKTON ORGANISMS
Scientific Name
May 3, 10, 17, 24, 1970
Common Name Average No./Liter
Anabaena
Anacystis
Chlamydomonas
Cladophora
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Pleodorina
Synedra
Ulothrix
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlamydomonas
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Coelosphaerium
Cyclops
Gonium
Itura
Lepadella
Melosira
Nematode
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Pleodorina
Synedra
Volvox
Voronkowia
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Bosmina
Brachionus
Station 1
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green alga
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
diatom
green alga
Station 2
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
green alga
green alga
green alga
blue-green alga
copepod
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
micro-round worm
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green flagellate
diatom
green alga
rotifer
Station 3
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
micro-crustacean
rotifer
27
TNTC
16
41
19
13
20
307
322
557
TNTC
1
62
8
78
3
33
411
4
10
36
316
200
91
662
59
44
413
3,346
27
661
1,596
12
9
54
123
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Cladoceran parts
Coelosphaerium
Conochilus
Hexarthra
Lyngbya
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Phormidium
Platyias
Tetramastix
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Cladoceran parts
Coelosphaerium
Hexarthra
Lyngbya
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Phormidium
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Conochilus
Hexarthra
Lyngbya
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Phormidium
Synedra
Ulothrix
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Hexarthra
water fleas
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
rotifer
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
Station 4
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
water fleas
blue-green alga
rotifer
blue-green alga
rotifer
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
Station 5
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
rotifer
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
diatom
green alga
Station 6
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
rotifer
31
5
1
50
47
68
441
342
3
13
1,061
615
259
84
17
35
56
64
72
514
512
981
111
11
1,010
3
34
187
78
1,096
568
5
7
701
819
117
919
7
124
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name Average No./Liter
Lyngbya
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Phormidium
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Cyclops
Keratella
Lyngbya
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Phormidium
Synedra
Anabaena
Anacystis
Ankistrodesmus
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Ostillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Vorticella
Anabaena
blue-green alga
rotifer
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
Station 7
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
copepod
rotifer
blue-green alga
rotifer
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
diatom
Station 8
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 9
blue-green alga
201
135
1,291
887
664
907
159
1,012
1
3
236
123
1,611
919
3
20,690
17,000
92
22
44
1,212
1,069
744
531
402
319
10
14
96
1,094
737
19,937
23
2,010
745
901
56
26,972
125
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Anacystis
Ankistrode sinus
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlamydomonas
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
blue-green alga 21,341
green alga 50
rotifer 13
rotifer 21
green flagellate 62
green alga 804
green alga 1,111
green alga 881
protozoan 616
rotifer 211
green flagellate 459
rotifer 66
blue-green alga 699
green flagellate 313
protozoan 12,373
rotifer 10
diatom 1,818
green alga 559
ciliated protozoan 68
Station 10
blue-green alga 30,869
blue-green alga 26,444
rotifer 40
rotifer 29
green alga 811
green alga 1,229
green alga 611
protozoan 519
rotifer 119
rotifer 168
blue-green alga 701
green flagellate 424
protozoan 15,436
rotifer 66
diatom 2,323
green alga 618
ciliated protozoan 62
Station 11
blue-green alga 37,968
blue-green alga 30,546
rotifer 51
rotifer 19
green alga 513
green alga 936
126
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Cladophora
Eugleua
Filinia
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Monostyle
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
423
624
329
179
811
512
23,634
74
2,515
519
26
43,936
40,498
24
10
315
429
319
506
416
101
613
418
25,448
66
2,444
3,999
11
127
-------
to
00
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA*
FALL INTENSIVE
TABLE B-l
October 18 through 31, 1969
Station Water (°C) Dissolved Avg. No. of Coliform Organisms/100 ml
Number Temperature pH Oxygen(ppm)
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
NO.
No.
No.
NO.
No.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
22
18
16
15.3
15.5
15.7
15.3
15.5
15.7
15.5
15.6
15.4
7.1
7.9
8.5
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.4
8.9
8.9
8.7
8.6
8.8
3.1
7.6
12.7
12.9
12.6
12.8
12.9
13.1
12.2
12.7
12.5
12.7
Total
176,900
83,117
1,961
1,590
2,343
2,807
1,321
1,677
2,991
3,000
2,692
2,555
Fecal
159,300
70,009
1,640
1,467
2,000
2,322
1,219
1,299
1,591
1,898
2,100
2,112
cn
h
(D
cn
£U
S!
H-
3
rt
(D
cn
V
H
H-
CU
3
O4
cn
*Average of 14 Samples.
(D
h
H
3
rt
(D
3
w
H-
(D
cn
-------
TABLE B-2
PLANKTON ORGANISMS - FALL INTENSIVE
October 18 through 31, 1969
Scientific Name Common Name Average No./Liter
Anabaena
Anacystis
Chlamydomonas
Cladophora
Filinia
Hexarthra
Lecane
Oscillatoria
Phormidium
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Ciliates
Cladophora
Itura
Lepadella
Melosira
Phacus
Pleodorina
Surirella
Synedra
Volvox
Voronkowia
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Station No. 1
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green flgaellate
green alga
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
diatom
green alga
green alga
Station 2
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
protozoans
green alga
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
protozoan
green flagellate
diatom
diatom
green alga
rotifer
Station 3
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
37
TNTC
22
51
78
2
6
19
20
222
599
5
TNTC
69
134
2
81
68
761
186
24
72
25
975
6,303
310
56
1,399
163
913
1,297
99
296
129
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Euglena
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Volvox
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
green alga
Station 4
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
green alga
Station 5
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
Protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
301
95
152
1,252
198
1,007
167
2,002
884
431
230
890
1,010
62
156
204
71
83
357
1,232
92
7,021
52
1,005
133
518
113
912
1,475
96
184
156
10
293
496
1,712
229
1,515
1,769
130
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Pediastrum
Phacus
Synedra
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Cyclops
Euglena
Keratella
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Station 6
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green alga
protozoan
diatom
green alga
Station 7
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
copepod
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
Station 8
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
140
672
169
821
1,054
66
138
119
139
1,096
1,848
5
293
766
1,296
166
722
255
890
1,273
46
120
1
229
6
122
1,313
787
301
818
1,314
143
497
80
361
918
1,019
83
154
313
131
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Lecane
Lepadella
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Phormidium
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Phormidium
Platyias
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
blue-green alga
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 9
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
blue-green alga
rotifer
diatom
green alga
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 10
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
27
12
217
9
13
180
If227
762
422
22
75
1,226
807
19
159
404
97
443
990
1,178
149
456
33
17
156
28
199
1,576
877
573
41
89
1,363
397
991
10
133
501
129
467
496
132
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Lecane
Lepadella
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Phormidium
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Phormidium
Platyias
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
blue-green alga
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 11
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
blue-green alga
rotifer
diatom
green alga
green alga
Station 12
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
1,199
263
688
49
188
9
128
233
1,499
916
981
68
156
1,414
1,050
15
97
211
163
988
596
13,119
465
789
499
268
415
2,398
911
1,019
78
189
1,672
493
1,151
126
252
197
968
436
133
-------
Scientific Name Common Name Average No./Liter
Chlorococcus green alga 10,337
Ciliates protozoans 13
Cladophora green alga 547
Euglena protozoan 878
Filinia rotifer 509
Hexarthra rotifer 198
Monostyla rotifer 502
Oscillatoria blue-green alga 40,019
Pandorina green flagellate 816
Phacus protozoan 22,111
Phormidium blue-green alga 86
Platyias rotifer 293
Synedra diatom 1,918
Ulothrix green alga 511
Volvox green alga 1,015
134
-------
U)
Ul
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA
WINTER INTENSIVE
TABLE B-3
Station
Number
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
January 4 through 17, 1970
Water (°C) Dissolved Avg. No.
Temperature pH Oxygen (ppm)
13.
12.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
13.
9
0
1
0
0
2
1
1
2
1
0
1
4
6
8
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
7
8
.8
.9
.1
.9
.8
.7
.0
.0
.1
.2
.9
.1
5.
6.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
9.
5
7
3
3
5
5
6
9
4
5
1
0
of Coliform Organisms/100 ml
Total
153
79
3
2
3
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
,212
,226
,493
,997
,222
,005
,001
,509
,233
,569
,655
,489*
Fecal
121
78
3
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
,111
,113
,005
,600
,801
,504
,559
,116
,881
,991
,459
,696*
Average of 14 Samples
^Average of 13 Samples
-------
TABLE B-4
PLANKTON ORGANISMS - WINTER INTENSIVE
January 4 through 17, 1970
Scientific Name Common Name Average No./Liter
Anacystis
Chlamydomonas
Cladophora
Filinia
Hexarthra
Synedra
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Cyclops
Cyclotella
Itura
Lepadella
Melosira
Nematode
Philodina
Surirella
Synedra
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Cyclops
Euglena
Hexarthra
Melosira
Monostyla
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Station 1
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green alga
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
Station 2
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
copeped
diatom
rotifer
rotifer
diatom
micro-round worm
rotifer
diatom
diatom
Station 3
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
copeped
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
rotifer
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
TNTC
16
46
78
18
448
TNTC
50
63
4
2
54
495
205
97
9
9
682
997
119
1,199
1,601
93
401
6
313
88
27
109
1,319
202
7
1,016
136
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Ulothrix
Volvox
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Ciliates
Cladophora
Conochilus
Euglena
Monostyla
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Keratella
green alga
green alga
Station 4
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
green alga
Station 5
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
protozoans
green alga
rotifer
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
green alga
Station 6
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
134
1,873
575
230
1,016
99
742
209
56
19
1,597
95
13
1,290
126
1,335
711
123
1,010
143
242
1
174
12
1,379
5
1,478
29
984
832
176
834
165
129
99
3
6
137
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Monostyla
Pandorina
Synedra
Volvox
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Monostyla
Pandorina
Synedra
Volvox
Anabaena
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
rotifer
green flagellate
diatom
green alga
Station 7
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
diatom
green alga
Station 8
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 9
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
33
810
906
1,018
913
263
900
76
140
101
12
713
1,023
799
519
797
933
1,823
9,965
703
1,408
1,055
43
521
327
1,090
437
1,216
9,316
205
5,640
1,009
771
303
478
439
1,132
4,343
138
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Lecane
Mono sty la
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
350
819
812
12
119
94
708
175
817
4,410
199
2,234
719
344
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Station 10
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 11
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
259
406
491
913
4,619
366
911
919
97
126
538
98
292
3,916
227
3,001
514
76
225
411
563
1,015
612
469
1,121
908
132
139
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Vorticella
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 12
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
green alga
ciliated protozoan
719
68
283
3,872
419
2,938
211
422
64
210
314
416
985
715
511
1,301
1,015
222
505
52
198
2,987
311
2,123
190
222
98
140
-------
*>.
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA*
SPRING INTENSIVE
TABLE B-5
March 29 through April 11, 1970
Station Water (°C)
Number Temperature
NO.
NO.
No.
No.
NO.
No.
NO.
No.
No.
NO.
No.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
17
17
17
18
17
17
17
17
17
18
17
17
.6
.1
.9
.0
.8
.9
.8
.9
.9
.0
.9
.9
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
7
7
8
pH
.4
.3
.8
.6
.9
.7
.7
.1
.0
.9
.9
.1
Dissolved
Oxygen (ppm)
6
7
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
.1
.3
.7
.8
.8
.0
.9
.6
.7
.6
.9
.1
Avcj . No .
of Coliform Organisms/100 ml
Total
197
160
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
,367
,112
,433
,867
,929
,006
,123
,779*
,722
,512
,916
,873
Fecal
160
112
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
2
2
,501
,199
,100
,222
,113
,615
.877^
,781*
,451
,127
,079
,555
Average of 14 Samples
^Average of 13 Samples
-------
TABLE B-6
PLANKTON ORGANISMS - SPRING INTENSIVE
March 29 through April II, 1970
Scientific Name Common Name Average No./Liter
Anacystis
Ch1amydomonas
Cladophora
Filinia
Synedra
Ulothrix
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Cladophora
Coelosphaerium
Itura
Lepadella
Nematode
Nostoc
Pleodorina
Synedra
Volvox
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Dipteran Larvae
Euglena
Melosira
Navicula
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Station 1
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green alga
rotifer
diatom
green alga
Station 2
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
micro-round worm
blue-green alga
green flagellate
diatom
green alga
Station 3
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
midge
protozoan
diatom
diatom
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
green alga
TNTC
16
41
77
501
468
112
TNTC
2
62
9
71
152
99
612
129
53
72
613
4,401
992
197
1,339
910
93
401
1
333
10
5
1,414
251
1,002
143
1,830
142
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Vorticella
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Hexarthra
Keratella
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Keratella
ciliated protozoan
Station 4
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 5
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
Station 6
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
protozoans
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
69
699
178
800
,069
78
139
216
620
88
,200
139
,051
36
899
3
921
991
1,603
159
151
144
1
4
982
222
3
820
1,512
Ir098
178
855
1,653
168
112
96
1
4
15
143
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Lepadella
Pandorina
Phacus
Volvox
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Ciliates
Cladophora
Euglena
Keratella
Pandorina
Phacus
Ulothrix
Anacystis
Ankistrodesmus
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlamydomonas
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
rotifer l
green flagellate 1,002
protozoan 422
green alga 1,212
Station 7
blue-green alga 1,801
rotifer 212
green alga 888
green alga 1,438
protozoans 147
green alga 76
protozoan 180
rotifer 29
green flagellate 801
protozoan 512
green alga 722
Station 8
blue-green alga 235
green alga 274
rotifer 119
rotifer 198
green flagellate 413
green alga 1,296
green alga 12,967
green alga 896
protozoan 613
rotifer 571
green flagellate 461
rotifer 59
rotifer 88
rotifer 387
blue-green alga 153
green flagellate 1,219
protozoan 4,370
rotifer 56
diatom 3,333
green alga 912
green alga 1,556
ciliated protozoan 211
Station 9
blue-green alga 113
144
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
74
69
872
6,678
397
232
456
198
13
23
390
76
813
4,409
27
2,002
1,600
103
Station 10
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Lecane
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 11
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
92
62
54
729
7,701
463
359
664
29
44
511
294
918
5,656
197
2,916
2,611
54
66
12
32
418
145
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Phacus
Platydorina
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Hexarthra
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Phacus
Phormidium
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
protozoan
green flagellate
rotifer
diatom
green alga
ciliated protozoan
Station 12
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
protozoan
blue-green alga
rotifer
diatom
green alga
8,879
623
493
446
22
413
299
5,133
816
102
28
2,715
29
78
9
12
212
4,648
319
348
267
13
323
360
5,234
702
93
15
2,219
146
-------
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA*
SUMMER INTENSIVE
TABLE B-7
June 16 through 29, 1970
Station
Number
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Water (°C)
Temperature
25
25
26
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
.5
.0
.9
.3
.4
.8
.5
.5
.2
.6
.8
.5
pH
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
.1
.6
.4
.8
.5
.6
.5
.7
.8
.9
.5
.7
Dissolved
Oxygen (ppm)
3.
6.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14.
12.
12.
12.
13.
13.
0
4
9
8
7
2
1
1
4
6
3
6
Avg . No .
of Coliform Organisms/100 ml
Total
240,
167,
4,
4,
5,
4,
4,
5,
4,
5,
5,
5,
401
077
476
929
251
983
501
115
906
507
262
188
Fecal
179
113
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
4
,600
,227
,511
,909
,876
,400
,107
,623
,444
,019
,721
,591
Average of 14 Samples
-------
TABLE B-8
PLANKTON ORGANISMS - SUMMER INTENSIVE
Scientific Name
June 16 through 29, 1970
Common Name Average No./Liter
Anabaena
Anacystis
Chlamydomonas
Cladophora
Filinia
Hexarthra
Lecane
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Phormidium
Synedra
Ulothrix
Anabaena
Anacystis
Chlamydomonas
Coelosphaerium
Gonium
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Pleodorina
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Coelosphaerium
Conochilus
Hexarthra
Lyngbya
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Platyias
Tetramastix
Station 1
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green alga
rotifer
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
diatom
green alga
Station 2
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
blue-green alga
green flagellate
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
green flagellate
ciliated protozoan
Station 3
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
rotifer
rotifer
173
TNTC
9
13
23
1
5
49
66
77
507
226
1,593
TNTC
9
586
27
29
787
153
66
27
816
1,701
22
73
12
2
79
60
17
573
1,112
13
24
148
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Coelosphaerium
Hexarthra
Lyngbya
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Synedra
Tetramastix
Ulothrix
green alga
Station 4
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
blue-green alga
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
diatom
rotifer
green alga
1,010
626
230
10
43
63
74
101
737
1,442
50
17
19
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Hexarthra
Lyngbya
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Synedra
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Cladoceran parts
Hexarthra
Lyngbya
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Synedra
Station 5
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
rotifer
blue-green alga
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
diatom
Station 6
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
water fleas
rotifer
blue-green alga
rotifer
blue-green alga
green flagellate
diatom
1,310
718
112
909
43
174
96
1,073
1,814
925
1,512
913
126
1,005
2
36
212
137
1,111
989
816
149
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Cyclops
Lyngbya
Monostyla
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Synedra
Anabaena
Anacystis
Ankistrodesmus
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Coelosphaerium
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Monostyla
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Platyias
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Ankistrodesmus
Asplanchna
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Station 7
blue-green alga 2,100
blue-green alga 1,025
rotifer 206
green alga 1,150
copepod 1
blue-green alga 266
rotifer 159
blue-green alga 1,502
green flagellate 1,010
diatom 953
Station 8
blue-green alga 235,111
blue-green alga 222,110
green alga 50
rotifer 10
rotifer 39
green alga 411
green alga 321
green alga 237
blue-green alga 101
protozoan 353
rotifer 102
green flagellate 111
rotifer 12
blue-green alga 813
blue-green alga 3,596
green flagellate 638
protozoan 38,904
rotifer 1
diatom 992
green alga 311
ciliated protozoan 26
Station 9
blue-green alga 343,432
blue-green alga 291,502
green alga 36
rotifer 1
rotifer 22
green alga 191
green alga 166
green alga 103
150
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Coelosphaerium
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Monostyla
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Volvox
Vorticella
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Cyclops
Cyclotella
Euglena
Filinia
Gonium
Monostyla
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Euglena
Filinia
Monostyla
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
blue-green alga 76
protozoan 415
rotifer 99
green flagellate 151
rotifer 22
blue-green alga 537
blue-green alga 4,679
green flagellate 746
protozoan 43,837
diatom 877
green alga 221
ciliated protozoan 5
Station 10
blue-green alga 356,513
blue-green alga 312,429
rotifer 27
green alga 211
green alga 199
green alga 191
copepod 9
diatom 11
protozoan 612
rotifer 213
green flagellate 101
rotifer 34
blue-green alga 473
blue-green alga 10,769
green flagellate 649
protozoan 44,900
diatom 989
green alga 311
Station 11
blue-green alga 375,613
blue-green alga 340,356
rotifer 22
green alga 109
green alga 190
green alga 101
protozoan 413
rotifer 210
rotifer 29
blue-green alga 232
blue-green alga 23,847
151
-------
Scientific Name
Common Name
Average No./Liter
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Volvox
Anabaena
Anacystis
Brachionus
Chlorella (vulgaris)
Chlorococcus
Cladophora
Cyclops
Euglena
Filinia
Monostyla
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Pandorina
Phacus
Synedra
Volvox
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
Station 12
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
rotifer
green alga
green alga
green alga
copepod
protozoan
rotifer
rotifer
blue-green alga
blue-green alga
green flagellate
protozoan
diatom
green alga
468
45,300
894
212
401,312
376,605
12
98
89
64
12
293
186
44
395
21,936
239
34,900
986
194
152
-------
H
Ul
Ul
SURVEY SUMMARY OF BACTERIOLOGOCAL DATA
COLIFORM ORGANISMS/100 ML*
TABLE B-9
June 5 through Oct. 11,1969
Station
Number
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Maximum
Total
253,000
176,000
5,000
4,950
5,050
5,200
4,985
5,600
5,500
6,125
4,995
4,668
Fecal
198,000
91,000
9,500
4,425
4,000
4,200
4,200
4,100
4,005
4,000
4,150
4,025
Minimum
Total
126,000
62,000
2,100
1,100
2,000
2,050
2,105
1,200
2,075
2,340
1,200
2,010
Fecal
85,000
46,500
1,750
600
1,452
1,312
1,516
1,050
1,385
1,460
752
1,420
Average
Total
183,473
90,092
3,595
3,458
3,646
3,605
3,487
3,711
3,632
3,646
3,366
3,339
Fecal
130,815
68,281
3,066
2,867
3,432
2,969
2,833
2,815
2,790
2,793
2,615
2,665
Average of 19 Samples
-------
un
SURVEY SUMMARY OF BACTERIOLOGICAL DATA
COLIFORM ORGANISMS/100 ML*
TABLE B-10
October 18, 1969 through June 29,1970
Station
Number
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Maximum
Total
242,000
168,000
4,500
5,000
5,225
4,990
4,995
5,300
4,936
5,644
5,382
5,566
Fecal
177,000
88,000
3,890
3,596
3,552
3,467
3,499
3,600
3,110
3,934
3,881
3,465
Minimum
Total
119,000
57,000
2,000
2,300
2,601
2,331
2,200
2,100
2,200
2,373
2,222
2,321
Fecal
71,000
45,000
1,623
1,555
1,463
1,500
1,650
1,900
2,000
1,765
1,900
1,872
Average
Total
169,123
81,054
3,504
3,004
3,339
3,109
2,900
3,000
2,969
2,929
2,501
2,498
Fecal
136,801
71,311
3,050
2,745
2,661
2,699
2,659
2,595
2,649
2,223
1,876
1,789
*
Average of 81 Samples
-------
Ul
1/1
SURVEY SUMMARY OF PHYSICAL DATA
TABLE B-ll
June 5 through October 11,
Station
Number
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
No. 7
No. 8
No. 9
No. 10
No. 11
No. 12
Temp.
(°C)
30
32
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
Maximum
PH
8.5
8.9
10.5
10.6
10.8
10.8
10.7
10.8
10.9
11.0
11.1
11.3
1969
Minimum
D.O.
(ppm)
4.1
8.8
14.1
14.1
15.1
13.1
14.1
14.1
14.6
14.5
14.1
14.2
Temp.
(°C)
22
18
17
17
18
18
17
18
17
18
17
17
pH
5.9
6.6
7.1
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.1
7.9
D.O.
(ppm)
2.8
5.9
8.9
9.0
8.9
18.2
9.0
9.2
9.0
9.2
8.9
9.0
Average
Temp.
(°C)
26
26
27
27
25
26
27
25
26
26
26
27
PH
7.0
7.9
9.4
9.1
9.5
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.6
9.8
9.7
9.7
D.O.
(ppm)
3.3
7.2
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.4
10.7
10.7
10.6
10.5
10.6
10.5
Average of 19 Samples
-------
SURVEY SUMMARY OF PHYSICAL DATA
TABLE B-12
October 18, 1969 through June 29, 1970
Station
Number
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
No. 7
No. 8
No. 9
No. 10
NO. 11
No. 12
Temp.
(°C)
26.0
25.0
29.0
28.5
29.0
28.7
28.6
27.8
25.9
25.0
24.8
24.6
Maximum
PH
8.0
8.1
10.7
10.5
9.9
10.4
10.6
10.2
10.0
10.3
10.0
10.5
Minimum
D.O.
(ppm)
7.7
9.0
13.8
14.1
13.6
12.6
13.4
12.9
11.9
12.1
13.0
13.4
Temp.
(°C)
12.1
9.0
5.5
5.1
5.6
6.1
5.2
6.0
5.8
6.0
5.9
6.1
PH
6.3
5.9
6.9
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.5
7.0
6.7
9.1
8.9
9.2
D.O.
(ppm)
1.8
6.1
8.8
8.9
8.0
8.9
9.0
8.9
9.0
9.9
10.0
9.8
Average
Temp.
(°C)
18.1
18.1
17.8
17.6
17.1
18.0
17.9
17.1
17.7
17.9
17.7
17.6
pH
6.7
7.3
9.1
9.3
9.5
10.0
9.4
9.0
8.9
9.9
9.3
9.9
D.O.
(°C)
4.6
7.9
10.0
10.6
10.9
11.8
10.7
10.3
10.1
11.0
10.7
10.9
Average of 81 Samples
-------
APPENDIX C
Biological Survey of Upper Bayou Meto
Arkansas Pollution Control Commission
December, 1969
Introduction:
A short-term biological survey of Upper Bayou Meto was
conducted to determine the general condition of the stream
in early December, 1969. Plankton, benthos and coliform
bacteria samples were taken, along with grab samples for
chemical analysis, on each of three separate days. The
results of these analyses are given in the attached tables.
Discussion:
Bayou Meto is a sluggish stream, meandering in a south-
easterly direction from Jacksonville through intensely
farmed flatlands to the Arkansas River. Sample points
No. 1 and No. 2 are located above and below the effluent
from the Jacksonville sewage treatment plant. The dramatic
increase in total biomass and the increase in all the
chemical parameters show considerable enrichment, but the
degradation is by no means severe. While most of the
organisms found at point No. 2 are generally considered
pollution tolerant, several clean-water type plankton and
benthos genera were found. The bacteria counts were not
excessively high, with the averages for No. 1 and No. 2
being drastically reduced in comparison with the results
obtained from similar tests in the spring of 1967.
The lower two points, located about 9 and 18 miles,
respectively, below the Jacksonville STP show good
recovery, with slight increases in several parameters
between No. 3 and No. 4 being attributable to agricultural
runoff. No odors were discernible in the stream at any
time. Water temperatures at all points ranged between 5°
and 7° C.
157
-------
en
oo
UPPER BAYOU METO STREAM SURVEY
CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
Station No. 1
Bayou Meto - West of Jacksonville City Limits - Above STP
Date Collected
PH
Total
D.O. ,
5-Day
Total
Alkalinity, ppm
ppm
BOD , ppm
Solids, ppm
1-A
12/2/69
6.5
12
6.7
1.1
76
Chlorides, ppm
Total
Fecal
Coli. per 100 ml
Coli. per 100 ml
490
24
1-B
12/3/69
6.5
15
7.1
1.4
72
7.5
240
66
1~C
12/4/69
6.6
16
7.3
1.7
60
6.5
220
40
Average
6.5
14.3
7.3
1.4
69
7.0
320
43
Average
Spring '67
6.
14
5.
1.
89
4
1260
-
2
4
8
-------
Ul
VD
UPPER BAYOU METO STREAM SURVEY
CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
Station No. 2
Bayou Meto at Highway 67 - 0.5 miles below Jacksonville STP
Date Collected
PH
Total Alkalinity, ppm
P.O., ppm
5-Day BOD, ppm
Total Solids, ppm
Chloride, ppm
Total Coli. per 100 ml
Fecal Coli. per 100 ml
2 -A
12/2/69
7.1
26
8.0
8.0
135
-
2600
230
2-B
12/3/69
7.1
28
7.9
6.7
126
17.5
3400
260
2-C
12/4/69
7.2
30
7.9
7.4
122
16.5
7800
920
average
7.1
28
7.9
7.3
127
17.0
4600
470
Average
spring '67
6.9
24
5.8
5.8
186
78
43700
-
-------
UPPER BAYOU METO STREAM SURVEY
CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
Station No. 3
Bayou Meto at Interstate 40-9 miles below Jacksonville STP
Date Collected
M
cn
o
PH
Total
D.O. ,
5-Day
Total
Alkalinity, ppm
ppm
BOD, ppm
Solids, ppm
3 -A
12/2/69
6.9
30
7.1
1.4
118
Chloride, ppm
Total
Fecal
coli. per 100 ml
Coli. per 100 ml
230
120
3-B
12/3/69
6.9
28
7.3
3-. 2
121
16.5
430
180
3-C
12/4/69
6.9
26
7.8
2.6
112
15.0
330
220
Average
6
28
7
2
117
15
330
170
.9
.4
.4
.7
-------
H1
CTi
UPPER BAYOU METO STREAM SURVEY
CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
Station No. 4
Bayou Meto at Highway 31-18 miles below Jacksonville STP
Date collected
PH
Total
D.O. ,
5-Day
Total
Alkalinity/ ppm
ppm
BOD, ppm
Solids, ppm
4 -A
12/2/69
7.4
53
6.8
2.3
169
Chloride, ppm
Total
Fecal
Coli. per 100 ml
Coli. per 100 ml
310
240
4-B
12/3/69
7.4
57
8.7
3.9
155
17.5
630
250
4-C
12/4/69
7.5
58
8.7
3.4
152
16.0
630
190
Average
7
56
8
3
158
16
520
230
.4
.0
.2
.7
-------
PLANKTON ORGANISMS
Sample
Point
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
Scientific
Name
Trachelomonas
Aphanizomenon
Synedra
Diatoma
Euglena
Stauroneis
Oscillatoria
Pinnularia
Crucigenia
Eunotia
Nitzschia
Anacystis
Brachionus
Phacus
Anacystis
Bodo
Chlamydomonas
Mallomonas
Scenedesmus
Ankistrodesmus
Actinosphaerium
Aphanizomenon
Trachelomonas
Nitzschia
Agmenellum
Synedra
Navicula
Pinnularia
Chromogaster
Polyarthra
Bosmina
Brachionus
Cyclops
Bodo
Scenedesmus
Melosira
Trachelomonas
Synedra
Ankistrodesmus
Anacystis
Navicula
Gomphosphaeria
Euglena
Common
Name
Flagellate
EGA
Diatom
Diatom
Flagellate
Diatom
BGA
Diatom
GA
Diatom
Diatom
BGA
Rotifer
Flagellate
BGA
Protozoan
Flagellate
Flagellate
GA
GA
Protozoan
BGA
Flagellate
Diatom
BGA
Diatom
Diatom
Diatom
Rotifer
Rotifer
Cladoceran
Rotifer
Copepod
Protozoan
GA
Diatom
Flagellate
Diatom
GA
BGA
Diatom
BGA
Flagellate
No ./Liter
4,750
3,625
2,125
1,625
875
625
500
250
250
125
125
125
125
125
3,382,000
1,770,000
1,396,000
255,000
67,000
13,000
5,000
5,000
3,400
2,200
1,900
1,300
1,100
190
190
38
26
6
6
36,000
25,200
20,400
18,800
12,400
5,800
5,400
2,600
1,900
1,000
Sig.
P
F
C
C
P
C
P
C
7
7
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
F
C
7
F
P
P
7
C
C
C
P
P
M
P
F
P
F
C
P
C
C
P
C
F
P
162
-------
Sample Scientific
Point Name
Oocystis
Selenastrum
Pleurosigma
Crucigenia
Diatoma
Nitzschia
Tetrastrum
Dif f lugia
No . 4 Chlamydomonas
Ankistrodesm
Scenedesmus
Trachelomonas
Anacystis
Melosira
Crucigenia
Euglena
Navidula
Oscillator ia
Pediastrum
Dif f lugia
Agmenellum
Nitzschia
Oocystis
Synedra
Phacus
Tetraedron
Gomphosphaeria
Asplanchna
Gyrosigma
Spirulina
Stauroneis
Common
Name
GA
GA
Diatom
GA
Diatom
Diatom
GA
Protozoan
Flagellate
GA
GA
Flagellate
EGA
Diatom
GA
Flagellate
Diatom
EGA
GA
Protozoan
EGA
Diatom
GA
Diatom
Flagellate
GA
EGA
Rotifer
Diatom
EGA
Diatom
No. /Liter
900
900
500
400
400
250
125
125
195,000
155,000
71,000
60,000
46,000
6,200
5,800
4,600
3,100
1,700
1,500
1,100
1,000
1,000
800
800
600
600
600
400
400
200
200
Sig.
p
?
P
p
C
P
p
C
P
C
F
P
P
C
p
P
C
P
F
C
p
P
p
C
P
?
F
P
7
P
C
163
-------
BENTHIC ORGANISMS
Sample
Point
No. 1
No. 2
Scientific
Name
Lymnaea
Tendipes
tentans
Helobdella
stagnalis
Sialis
Pisidium
Tubifex
Gammarus
Astacidae
Chaoborus
Dina fervida
Gammarus
Common
Name
Pond snail
Midge larvae
Snail leech
Alderfly larvae
Fingernail clam
Tube worm
Sideswimmer
Crayfish (immature)
Phantom midge
Leech
Sideswimmer
No. /Yd2
24
9
6
6
12
6
39
3
48
27
66
Sig.
P
P
M
P
P
P
C
?
F
P
P
Tendipes tentans
No. 3
Pisidium
Physa
Trichocorixa
Cloeon
Berosus
Asellus
Astacidae
Hydroporus
Pisidium
Tubifex
Midge larvae
Fingernail clam
Pouch snail
Water boatman
Mayfly nymph
Beetle larvae
Aquatic sowbug
Crayfish (immature)
Diving beetle
Fingernail clam
Tube worm
6
21
9
54
6
3
3
3
3
54
6
P
P
F
C
C
C
P
P
M
P
P
Tendipes tentans
No. 4
Chaoborus
Chironomidae
Chironomidae
Cambarus
Pisidium
Hydrospsyche
Cloeon
Stenonema
Palaemonetes
kadiakensis
Chironomidae
Gammarus
Bloodworm
Phantom midge
Midge larvae
Midge larvae
Crayfish
Fingernail clam
Caddisworm
Mayfly nymph
Mayfly nymph
Fairy shrimp
Midge larvae
Sideswimmer
12
3
45
27
3
3
36
42
6
12
24
3
P
F
?
•y
P
P
C
C
C
C
?
C
164
-------
APPENDIX D
Biological Survey of Upper Bayou Meto
Arkansas Pollution Control Commission
December, 1970
Purpose:
A short-term biological survey of upper Bayou Meto was
conducted during the week of December 7, 1970 for the
purpose of assessing the general condition of the stream
with particular reference to the Jacksonville sewage
treatment plant and the Hercules Incorporated wastewater
effluent which is discharged to the treatment plant.
This survey essentially duplicates one carried out in
December, 1969, and is similar to portions of a larger
scale survey done in the spring of 1967. This report
will attempt to evaluate the biological condition of upper
Bayou Meto in December, 1970 and compare it with the
conditions found in 1969 and where possible, 1967.
Methods and Procedures;
Samples were taken at four points in the Bayou, one above
the Jacksonville STP outfall, and the others at one-half,
nine, and eighteen miles, respectively, below the outfall.
These same points were sampled in 1969 and the two upper-
most points were included in the 1967 survey.
Biological parameters, including plankton, benthos, and
coliform bacteria, were sampled on three consecutive days,
and chemical grab samples were taken on four consecutive
days. All sampling and analyses were done according to
procedures given in the Twelfth Edition of Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
Bacteriological and chemical results are given in Tables 1
through 4. Results of plankton and benthos analyses are
given in Appendix I.
Discussion;
As was the case in December 1969, the Bayou seems to be in
generally good condition, with some degradation of water
quality immediately below the Jacksonville sewage outfall,
but with fairly rapid and complete recovery being
achieved at the downstream locations.
165
-------
If anything, the initial degradation just below the STP
outfall was less severe in 1970. The total plankton
population was less than two million per liter, while the
1969 population was nearly seven million per liter. Also,
the biochemical oxygen demand was somewhat lower.
Coliforms, however, were three to six times higher this
year than in 1969, which is possibly due to the relatively
milder weather experienced in the area this winter.
The two lower sample points were virtually identical in
every respect when compared with 1969 data. In both cases
there was a rather dramatic decrease in total plankton
nine miles below the outfall, followed by a less severe
increase eighteen miles below. This latter increase is
undoubtedly due to increased fertility from runoff in this
intensively farmed area. This conclusion is supported by
the observed recovery at sample point 3, where good clean
water organism associations, both planktonic and benthic,
were found. At point 4, enrichment from runoff has
apparently allowed the pollution-tolerant plankton to
become abundant, but the benthic community remains very
good, with some 90% of the organisms found belonging to
genera usually considered intolerant of organic pollution.
In general, there seems to have been little change in
Bayou Meto during the twelve months separating the 1969
and 1970 surveys. Both surveys indicate that the Bayou
is doing an adequate job of assimilating the treated
sewage from the Jacksonville plant and that the stream is
recovering rather quickly from the degradation that does
occur.
166
-------
UPPER BAYOU METO STREAM SURVEY
CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
STATION NO. I - Dec. 1970
BAYOU METO - WEST OP JACKSONVILLE CITY LIMITS - ABOVE STP
Parameter*
PH
Temperature (°C)
Total Alkalinity
Chlorides
Dissolved Oxygen
B.O.D.
Total Solids
Dissolved Solids
Suspended Solids
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Maximum
6.7
8
19
8.5
6.9
1.1
66
58
10
1900
830
Minimum
6.6
7
15
7-5
5-5
0.8
59
50
6
780
420
Average
6.7
7.5
17
7.8
6.2
0.9
62
5^
8
1290
620
Average
Dec. 1969
6.5
-
14.3
7.0
7-3
1.4
69
-
-
320
43
Average
Spring 1967
6.2
-
14
4.0
5.4
> 1.8
89
-
-
1260
-
* All chemical parameters expressed as parts per million;
coliforms as organisms per 100 ml.
-------
(Ti
CO
UPPER BAYOU METO STREAM SURVEY
CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
STATION NO. 2 - Dec. 1970
BAYOU METO AT HIGHWAY 67 - 0.5 MILES BELOW JACKSONVILLE STP
Parameter*
PH
Temperature (°C)
Total Alkalinity
Chlorides
Dissolved Oxygen
B.O.D.
Total Solids
Dissolved Solids
Suspended Solids
Total Coliform
Pecal Coliform
Maximum
7
9
37
57
7.4
5-7
193
164
29
22,000
4,400
Minimum
6.7
6
31
54
5.7
3.9
147
157
3
8400
990
Average
6.9
7.5
34
55
6.3
4.7
172
I60t
21t
15, lOOt
2,630t
Average
Dec. 1969
7.1
-
28
17.0
7.9
>7.3
127
-
-
4600t
470t
Average
Soring 1967
6.7
-
24
18
5-8
>5.8
186
-
-
43,700t
—
* All chemical parameters expressed as parts
per million; coliforms as organisms per 100 ml.
tAverage three samples
-------
VD
UPPER BAYOU METO STREAM SURVEY
CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
STATION NO. 3 - Dec. 1970
BAYOU METO AT INTERSTATE 40 - 9 MILES BELOW JACKSONVILLE STP
Parameter*
PH
Temperature (°C)
Total Alkalinity
Chlorides
Dissolved Oxygen
B.O.D.
Total Solids
Dissolved Solids
Suspended Solids
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Maximum
6.9
10
31
50.5
7.3
1.9
164
159
28
500
240
Minimum
6.8
7
28
48
5.6
0.9
147
122
3
180
110
Average
6.9
8
30
49
6.3
1.2
159
147
12
390
180
Average
Dec. 1969
6.9
-
28
15.7
7.4
2.4
117
-
-
330
170
* All chemical parameters expressed as parts per million;
coliforms as organisms per 100 ml.
-------
UPPER BAYOU METO STREAM SURVEY
CHEMICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL RESULTS
STATION NO. 4 - Dec. 1970
BAYOU METO AT HIGHWAY 31 - 18 MILES BELOW JACKSONVILLE STP
Parameter*
PH
Temperature (°C)
Total Alkalinity
Chlorides
Dissolved Oxygen
B.O.D.
Total Solids
Dissolved Solids
Suspended Solids
Total Coliform
Fecal Coliform
Maximum
7.3
11
50
36
9.6
3.2
191
154
42
830
310
Minimum
7.1
7
35
30.5
8.9
0.9
156
122
16
1300
820
Average
7.2
8
44
34
9.4
2.3
168
143
24
1110
530
Average
Dec. 1969
7.4
-
56
16.7
8.0
3.2
158
-
-
520
230
* All chemical parameters expressed as parts per million;
coliforms as organisms per 100 ml.
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APPENDIX I
PLANKTON ORGANISMS
UPPER BAYOU METO SURVEY - Dec. 1970
Sample Scientific
Point Name
#1 Ankistrodesmus
Aphanizomenon
Oscillatoria
Trachelomonas
Navicula
Anacystis
Anabaena
Scenedesmus
Euglena
Diatoma
Nitzschia
Synedra
Phacus
Gymnodinium
Mallomonas
Vorticella
Golenkinia
#2 Golenkinia
Chlorococcus
Anacystis
Chlorella
Scenedesmus
Micractinium
Agmenellum
Oocystis
Navicula
Gymnostomata
Ankistrodesmus
Chlamydomonas
Coelosphaerium
Nitzschia
Ciliata
Pediastrum
Chrysococcus
Synedra
Brachionus
Schroederia
Tetraedron
Mallomonas
Actinastrum
Stephanodiscus
Arthrodesmus
Common
Name
GA
BGA
EGA
Flagellate
Diatom
BGA
BGA
GA
Flagellate
Diatom
Diatom
Diatom
Flagellate
Flagellate
Flagellate
Protozoan
GA
GA
GA
BGA
GA
GA
GA
BGA
GA
Diatom
Protozoan
GA
Flagellate
BGA
Diatom
Protozoan
GA
Flagellate
Diatom
Rotifer
GA
GA
Flagellate
GA
Diat.om
GA
#/Liter
17,300
14,700
12,600
4,900
4,000
3,500
3,300
1,900
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,200
700
500
500
500
20.0
787,700
636,500
113,900
78,400
42,900
39,500
33,600
28,000
16,800
9,300
5,600
3,700
3,700
3,700
3,700
1,900
1,900
1,900
1,900
1,900
1,900
1,900
1,900
1,900
1,900
171
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PLANKTON ORGANISMS
Cont.
Sample Scientific
Point Name
#3
#4
Navicula
Ankistrodesmus
Trache lomonas
Golenkinia
Anacystis
Scenedesmus
Nitzschia
Tetraspora
Diatoma
Pleurosigma
Synedra
Aphanlzomenon
Oocystis
Crucigenia
Coelastrum
Melosira
Euglena
Vorticella
Pediastrum
Oscillatoria
Staurastrum
Selenastrum
Difflugia
Nauplius
Phacus
Anacystis
Phacus
Scenedesmus
Ankistrodesmus
Navicula
Aphanizomenon
Oscillatoria
Pleurosigma
Stephanodiscus
Agmenellum
Chrysococcus
Chlorococcus
Coelosphaerium
Actinastrum
Nitzschia
Common
Name
Diatom
GA
Flagellate
GA
BGA
GA
Diatom
GA
Diatom
Diatom
GA
BGA
GA
GA
GA
Flagellate
Diatom
Flagellate
Protozoan
GA
BGA
GA
GA
Protozoan
Copepod
Flagellate
BGA
Flagellate
GA
GA
Diatom
BGA
BGA
Diatom
Diatom
BGA
Flagellate
GA
BGA
GA
Diatom
#/Liter
53,900
18,200
10,500
9,300
8,900
7,200
5,400
4,200
4,000
3,700
3,300
2,600
2,100
1,600
700
700
700
500
500
500
500
500
500
200
200
200,000
155,400
121,800
37,800
35,000
33,600
21,000
13,100
12,600
11,700
10,300
8,400
4,700
4,200
2,800
172
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PLANKTON ORGANISMS
Cont.
Sample Scientific Common
Point Name Name ff/Liter
#4 Synedra Diatom 2,800
Gymnostomata Protozoan 2,800
Trachelomonas Flagellate 2,800
Pediastrum GA 2,300
GA - Green Algae
EGA - Blue Green Algae
173
-------
Sample
Point
BENTHIC ORGANISMS
UPPER BAYOU METO SURVEY - DEC., 1970
Scientific
Name
Common
Name
#./Yd:
No. 1 Gammarus
Tendipes tentans
Pisidium
Physa
Viviparus
Ischnura
Dytiscidae
Helobdella
Erythrodiplax
Taeniopteryx
No. 2 Gammarus
Asellus
Tendipes tentans
Physa
Ischnura
Pisidium
Helobdella
stagnalis
Peltodytes
Chaoborus
Trichocorixa
Astacidae
Somatochlora
No. 3 Gammarus
Hydropsyche
Pisidium
Tendipes tentans
Caenis
Hyponeura
Cambarus
Simulium
Corixinae
Musculium
Dytiscidae
Helisoma
Palaemonetes
kadiakensis
Macrobdella
Ophiogomphus
Micromyia
Sideswimmer 102
Bloodworm 147
Fingernail clam 6
Pouch snail 3
Snail 12
Damselfly larvae 3
Diving Beetle larvae 24
Snail Leech 3
Dragonfly larvae 3
Stonefly larvae 3
Sideswimmer 663
Aquatic sowbug 147
Bloodworm 147
Pouch snail 30
Damselfly nymph 21
Fingernail clam 9
Snail leech 9
Crawling Water beetle 6
Phantom midge 6
Water Boatman 3
Crayfish 3
Dragonfly nymph 3
Sideswimmer 75
Caddisfly larvae 39
Fingernail clam 23
Bloodworm 14
Mayfly nymph 11
Damselfly larvae 2
Crayfish 9
Blackfly larvae 6
Water Boatman 6
Fingernail clam 4
Diving Beetle larvae 2
Snail 2
Fairy shrimp 2
Leech 3
Dragonfly larvae 1
Clam 1
174
-------
Sample Scientific Common
Point Name Name f/Yd:
No. 4 Hydropsyche Caddisfly larvae 87
Gammarus Sideswimmer 63
Cloeon Mayfly nymph 18
Stenonema Mayfly nymph 15
Tubifex Sludgeworm 9
Tendipes tentans Bloodworm 7
Lumbricidae Aquatic earthworm 7
Palaemonetes
kadiakensis Fairy shrimp 6
175
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30 -
25 -
20
IS
10
1969
1970
COMMON TO
BOTH YEARS
BAYOU
METO
TABLE I.
A COMPARISON OF TOTAL PLANKTON GENERA IN BAYOU
METO IN 1969 AND 1970, SHOWING THE NUMBER COMMON
TO BOTH YEARS.
-------
1969
20
15
10
5
0
1970
COMMON TO
BOTH YEARS
BAYOU
METO
TABLE 1C.
A COMPARISON OF TOTAL BENTHIC GENERA IN BAYOU
METO IN 1969 AND 1970, SHOWING THE NUMBER COMMON
TO BOTH YEARS.
-------
Accession Number
w
Subject Field & Group
05D
SELECTED WATER RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
Organization
City of Jacksonville, Arkansas
ie Biological Treatment of Chlorophenolic Wastes —
The Demonstration of a Facility for the Biological Treatment of a Complex
Chlorophenolic Waste
10
Authors)
Albert E. Sidwell Ph.D
ix. Project Designation
~ 12130BGK (11060BGK)
21
Note
22
Citation
23
Descriptors (Starred First)
Biological Treatment*, Aeration
25
Identifiers (Starred First)
Chlorophenol , Lagoons, Plankton Organisms
27
Abstract
Installation of a completely stirred aeration lagoon between an existing conventional
sewage treatment plant and existing stabilization ponds avoided hydraulic overloading of
the former and reduced BOD loading of the latter. Joint treatment of domestic sewage and
an industrial waste having high BOD and chlorophenols was facilitated. The study confirmed
earlier findings that the organisms present in domestic sewage readily destroy complex
chlorophenols and related materials. Glycolates and acetates contributing to the high
BOD of the industrial waste were also readily oxidized biologically. High sodium chloride
levels in the treated mixed waste did not adversely effect biological activity. Joint
treatment of the complex Chlorophenolic wastes combined with normal sewage gave rise to
biological data which did not differ in any significant manner from that to be expected
in a similar system receiving only normal sewage.
An historical background of the problem at Jacksonville, Arkansas; design and construction
information, and the chemical and biological data resulting from the system study are
presented.
This report was submitted in partial fulfillment of Project No. 12130 BGK between the
Water Quality Office, Environmental Protection Agency and the City of Jacksonville,
Arkansas.
Abstractor
A.E. Sidwell
Institution
Hercules Incorporated, Jacksonville, Arkansas
WR:'02 IREV. J U I-V 19691
WRSIC
SEND WITH COPY OF DOCUMENT. TO: WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
WASHINGTON. D. C. 20240
* GPO: 1970 — 389-930
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