Environmental Protection Technology Series
ABSTRACTS OF THE-1.97.1 -1974
UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN OPEN LITERATURE
ON NOISE
Part I
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Envirortmerital Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20480
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, have been grouped into
five series. These five broad categories were established to
facilitate further development and application of environmental
technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in
related fields. The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
TECHNOLOGY series. This series describes research performed
to develop and demonstrate instrumentation, equipment and
methodology to repair or prevent environmental degradation from
point and non-point sources of pollution. This work provides the
new or improved technology required for the control and treatment
of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National
Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/2-76-016a
January 1976
ABSTRACTS OF THE 1971-1974 UNITED STATES
AND FOREIGN OPEN LITERATURE ON NOISE
Task Report J6331
Part I
by
E. P. Bergmann
I. B. Fieldhouse
Contract 68-01-2234
Project Officer
E. Berkau
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Prepared for
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Washington, D.C. 20460
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ABSTRACT
This document is a task report of effort directed toward a search of the
open literature to provide some insight into the noise reduction effort
outside of the Federal Government and in foreign countries. Abstracts
from th* search covered the period 1971 to 1974. Two primary sources
were searched for abstracts: The Engineers Index and Pollution Abstracts.
Nearly 1300 abstracts from 21 countries were screened and segregated in-
to the following categories: Aircraft Noise; Building Noise; General
Interest; Machinery Noise; Noise Effects on Health; Noise Measurement
Instrumentation; and Transportation Noise. The distribution of abstracts
within each technical area is summarized in the report, and a compilation
of the abstracts is presented as an appendix and bound separately.
It appears that a substantial level of privately sponsored noise research
and development is reflected in open literature publications. Industrial
or private sponsorship is indicated in areas in which a regulation de-
mands attention to the noise problem or a product relating to noise is
being "advertised". Government sponsorship is indicated in the areas in
which there is a potential benefit to the public. University sponsorship
appears to be a small part of the total effort and is directed to particu-
lar academic interests.
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of Project Number J6331,
Contract Number 68-01-2234, By IIT Research Institute, under sponsorship
of the Environmental Protection Agency. Work on this task was completed
as of April 1975.
ii
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CONTENTS
Page
Abstract ii
List of Tables iv
Acknowlegments v
Sections
I Conclusions 1
II Recommendations 3
III Introduction 4
IV Aircraft Noise 9
V Building Noise 14
VI General Interest 17
VII Machinery Noise 22
VIII Noise Effects on Health 30
IX Noise Measurement Instrumentation 34
X Transportation Noise 37
iii
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TABLES
Number Page
1 Distribution of Publications by Country and Area J6
2 Summary of Aircraft Noise Publication Distribution 10
3 Aircraft Noise Publication Distribution 11
4 Summary of Building Noise Publication Distribution 15
5 Building Noise Publication Distribution 16
6 Summary of General Interest Paper Distribution 18
7 General Interest Papers on Noise Publication Distribution 19
8 Summary of Machinery Noise Publication Distribution 24
9 * Machinery Noise Publication Distribution 25
10 Summary of Noise Effects on Health Publication
Distribution 31
11 Noise Effects on Health Publication Distribution 32
12 Summary of Noise Measurement Instrumentation Publication
Distribution 35
13 Noise Measurement Instrumentation Publication
Distribution 36
14 Summary of Transportation Noise Publication Distribution 38
15 Transportation Noise Publication Distribution 39
iv
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ACKNOWLEGMENTS
IIT Research Institute staff members working on this task were E. P.
Bergmann and I. B. Fieldhouse.
Much appreciated technical guidance and assistance were provided by
Dr. E. Berkau and S. Cordle of the Environmental Protection Agency.
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SECTION I
CONCLUSIONS
Based solely on a review of the abstracts, and recognizing that a review
of the publications could significantly alter the viewpoint, the follow-
ing conclusions are offered by area:
• Aircraft Noise. Data in the important technology areas (engine,
airframe, etc.) are being distributed into the open literature.
The only category which does not appear to have publication is
cabin noise.
• Building Noise. If building noise is structured into function-
al areas, such as floors, ceilings, walls, etc., each area ap- '
pears to have some literature associated with it. In general,
the publications are fairly evenly distributed over the various
categories. Little evidence, however, was found of publications
considering the building as a system with the associated inte-
gration affects.
• General Interest. The general interest category can be viewed
from two points: all publications within this category should
be distributed to particular technology areas; or this category
should serve as a repository for multidisciplined, or multi-
applicable technologies. Most programs, or problems, are cate-
gorized within one area, e.g., aircraft noise. However, it is
recognized that multidisciplined programs do exist and that
technology developed for one area should be transferrable to
other similar areas. It is, therefore, concluded that the gen-
eral interest category is desirable but that it should be re-
structured, at some point in time to better reflect a multi-
discipllned/multiapplicable structure. A review of the abstracts
is insufficient for this activity. The publications must be
obtained and reviewed.
• Machinery Noise. Of the 20 industries tabulated under the machin-
ery noise category, seven had no noise related publications and
five industries had seven or less publications. On this basis
only eight industries had more than a token number of publications.
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• Noise Effects on Health. Publications on health effects span
the range from annoyance to physical damage. As could be ex-
pected, ear damage, aircraft noise effects and criteria repre-
sent major areas of interest.
• Transportation Noise. Motor vehicle related noise is treated
in 82 percent of the publications, rail systems have 2 percent
and public transportation 7 percent. The various functional
aspects of motor vehicles noise are, apparently, covered.
Rail system noise is covered only in terms of rail yard noise
(U.S. publications) and public transportation is generally
treated.
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SECTION II
RECOMMENDATIONS
The abstracts are a poor basis for evaluating the noise abatement tech-
nology available to industry because the data is too superficial. They
do, however, provide a basis for assessing the areas and the countries
with noise related activity. Many of the publications are two to three
pages in length and probably contain more propaganda information than
real data. However, a useful task may be to gather the publications and
structure a compendium of noise abatement technology in each of the tech-
nology areas (i.e., aircraft, surface transportation, construction,
machiner and health effects).
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SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
As a part of the program to "Characterize, Evaluate and Coordinate Noise
Research Programs in the Federal Government" a search was conducted of
the open literature to provide some insight into the noise reduction ef-
fort outside of the Federal Government and in foreign countries. Abstracts
from the search covered the period 1971-1974.
Two primary sources were searched for abstracts: The Engineers Index and
Pollution Abstracts. Lists of publications searched in these sources are
included as Appendix A of this report. Journals covered by the Engineer-
ing Index are listed in Pages 1 through 19 of that appendix. Those covered
by pollution abstracts in pages 19 through 57. Pollution Abstracts also
cover special publications and conferences and they are listed in pages
58 through 112.
Abstracts were gathered and segregated by technical areas. They are com-
piled as Appendix B to this report. The technical area segregation cate-
gories include: Aircraft Noise, Building Noise, General Interest, Machinery
Noise, Noise Effects on Health, Noise Measurement Instrumentation, and
Transportation Noise.
Nearly 1300 abstracts from 21 countries were screened and segregated. In
general, each abstract naturally falls into one of the categories. Some
abstracts, however, are sufficiently vague or broad to require the categor-
ization to be somewhat arbitrary. Also, the country of origin was dif-
ficult to determine on some abstracts. International conferences and
seminars are held and abstracts from their proceedings do not always iden-
tify the country of origin adequately. Some of the abstracts, then, may
be uninentionally attributed to countries other than the country of origin.
-------
Table 1 is a summary of compilation of the distribution of the publications
by technical area and country. A review of the table illustrates:
• The distribution is dominated by U.S. publications (82 percent).
• Foreign publications are predominantly from Germany (88), England
(36), Canada (17), Russia (15), Japan (14) and Sweden (10).
• Most of the publications both U.S. and foreign, are directed to-
ward the Machinery Noise category. The U.S. dominates the cate-
gory with 240 publications followed by Germany with 32. Fourteen
of the 21 countries have publications in this category.
• Aircraft Noise is the second largest category with 264 abstracts.
A significant number of publications are from Germany (15) and
England (9). France, which has a viable aircraft industry, has
only onfe abstract in this technical area. Nine of the 21 countries
have publications in this category.
• A considerable number of publications (247) are gathered into the
General Interest category. It is possible that many of these pub-
lications could be recategorized into one of the special technical
areas if the publications, rather than the abstracts, are read.
Fourteen of the 21 countries have publications in this category.
• Transportation Noise related abstracts are the fourth largest
group with 153. Besides the U.S., with 122 publications, the
most abstracts are from Germany (15). Nine of the 21 countries
have publications in this category.
• Noise Effects on Health has 143 abstracts from eight countries.
• Building Noise has 98 abstracts from seven countries.
• Noise Measurement Instrumentation has 70 abstracts from four
countries.
• Germany, with 88 abstracts, has publications in each category.
Most of the publications are in Machinery Noise (32). Aircraft
(15), Transportation (15), Building (10) and Health Effects (10)
are additional categories in which German publications dominated
the foreign distribution.
• English publications (36), although concentrated in General Inter-
est (13) and Aircraft Noise (9), cover all of the categories ex-
cept Noise Measurement Instrumentation.
As a part of this study it was the intent to investigate the level in
which the private sector is involved in noise research, development and dem-
onstration efforts. A screening of the abstracts indicates that insuffi-
cient information is contained in the abstracts to draw specific inferences.
Some general trends, however, are indicated.
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Table 1. DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLICATIONS BY COUNTRY AND AREA
Country
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czechoslovakia
England
Finland
France
Germany
India
Italy
Japan
Netherlands
Poland
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United States
U.S.S.R.
Yugoslavia
TOTALS
Aircraft
Noise
1
2
9
1
15
1
2
228
5
264
Building
Noise
1
3
10
3
1
1
79
98
General
Interest
10
13
1
3
4
5
1
1
1
1
1
2
203
1
247
Machinery
Noise
1
1
1
1
4
4
32
9
2
3
4
240
5
1
308
Noise
Effects
on Health
2
3
5
2
10
1
118
2
143
Noise _, _ ...
„ Transportation _
Measurement * . E
Instrumentation woise
1
4
3
2 15
1
1
3
1
2
66 122
2
70 153
1
3
!•
17
1
36
1
16
88
6
1
14
7
4
1
1
10
3
1056
15
1
1283
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• Most of the open literature in the aircraft noise category
appears to be publications of federally sponsored programs.
Some university and company sponsored work is indicated in
rare instances.
• Most of the open literature in the building noise category
appears to be presentations of the results of privately spon-
sored work. Some aircraft noise related publications appear
to reflect federal or local government sponsorship.
• Publications in the general interest category reflect private
sponsorship in the treatment of particular noise problems.
Government sponsorship is indicated in the areas of surveys,
community noise, ordinances, standards and planning.
• Publications in the machinery noise category appear to be
predominantly privately sponsored. Some federal sponsor-
ship is indicated in publications relating to mining
machinery.
• Publications in the noise effects on health category are ap-
parently distributed between government and private sponsor-
ship. Private sponsorship is indicated in the areas of:
industrial noise; guidelines; dosimeters; noise abatement
engineering; and health aspects in particular industries.
Government sponsorship is indicated in the areas of criteria,
exposure and aircraft noise related effects.
• Publications in the noise measurement instrumentation category
indicate private sponsorship in the areas of: survey instru-
mentation; particular instruments; and applications of instru-
ments. Governmental sponsorship is indicated in community
noise surveys.
• Transportation noise publications indicate private sponsorship
in: truck related areas such as engine, tire and cooling sys-
tem noise; SAE Standards; and railyard noise. Governmental
sponsorship is indicated in the areas of: tire noise, public
transportation; traffic noise; highway sound barriers; and
highway design and planning
In summary, it appears that a substantial level of privately sponsored
noise research and development is reflected in open literature publications,
Unfortunately, the level cannot be quantified, even broadly, by a survey
of the abstracts. As could be expected, industrial or private sponsorship
is indicated in areas in which a regulation demands attention to the noise
problem (e.g., machinery noise) or a product relating to noise is being
"advertised" (e.g., noise measurement instrumentation). Government spon-
sorship is indicated in the areas in which there is a potential benefit
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to the public Ce.g«} surveys, ordnances, public transportation). Univer-
sity sponsorship appears to be a small part of the total effort and is
directed to particular academic interests.
Remaining sections of this report summarize the distributions of abstracts
within each literature search area.
8
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SECTION IV
AIRCRAFT NOISE
Abstracts relating to Aircraft Noise were reviewed and distributed over
18 specific, technical categories and a general interest category. A sum-
mary of the publication distribution is given in Table 2 and the distribu-
tion of the publications over the 19 categories is presented in Table 3.
The following are observed:
• Publications identified as pertinent to aircraft noise research
total 264. Of those publications: 97 relate to engine noise;
15 to propeller or rotor noise; 14 to aerodynamic noise; 48 to
flyover noise; 16 to powered lift (V/STOL) aircraft noise; 26
to airport noise; 14 to noise criteria; and the remaining to
ancillary categories.
• Jet noise is the category with the most publications (47). This
category is dominated by U.S. publications with only the Soviet
Union (3), France (1) and Germany (1) with foreign abstracts in-
dicated in this field.
• Fan noise, with 22 publications, has the second largest number
of engine related abstracts. The only foreign abstract in this
category is from Germany.
• The airport noise category (26 publications) has foreign abstacts
from Belgium (1), Canada (1), Germany (2), Japan (1) and Sweden
(1). The remaining abstracts (20) are from the United States.
• Based on the contents of the abstracts and a review of the fed-
eral programs related to aircraft noise it appears that many of
the technology oriented open literature publications (U.S.) are
reports based on federally funded research and development.
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Table 2. SUMMARY OF AIRCRAFT NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
Publications on Aircraft Noise
1 Belgian publication on airport noise
2 Canadian publications on airport noise
and sonic boom
9 English publications on engine and aero-
dymanic noise on criteria and prediction
methods
1 French publication on jet noise
15 German publications on engine, aerody-
namic and airport noise
1 -Japanese publication on airport 'noise
2 Swedish publications on sonic boom and
aircraft noise
228 U.S. publications primarily on engine,
aerodynamic and airport noise
5 U.S.S.R. publications on jet, flyover
and perceived noise
10
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Table 3. AIRCRAFT NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/Industry/
Technology
Number of
Publications
Areas of Publication
Engine Inlet Noise 4
Duct Noise - General 3
Sound Absorbent Material 5
Fan Noise 22
Compressor Noise 2
Jet Engine Noise 16
i
Jet Noise 47
• Four abstr, U.S.
• Three abstr, U.S.
• Five abstr; 4 U.S., 1 England
• Fan Noise Generation (9 abstr, U.S.)
• Effects (6 abstr; 5 U.S., 1 Germany)
• Design for Noise Reduction (5 abstr, U.S.)
• Sonic Fatigue in Structures (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Transmission of Sound Waves Through Blade Row (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Two abstr; l^U.S., 1 Germany
• Refanned Commercial Gas Turbine Engines (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Gas Turbine Exhaust Model (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Bypass Lift Engines (1 abstr, Germany)
• High Bypass Turbofan Engines (6 abstr; 5 U.S., 1 Germany)
• Noise Reduction Progress (3 abstr, U.S.)
• Advanced Engines (4 abstr, U.S.)
i
• Directivity of Jet Noise (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Measurement Techniques (3 abstr, U.S.)
• Influence of Crossflow (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Subsonic Jet Noise (9 abstr, U.S.)
• Supersonic Jet Noise (6 abstr, U.S.)
• Jets with Combustion (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Prediction and Correlation (4 abstr, U.S.)
• Screened Jets (2 abstr, U.S.)
• General Group (17 abstr; 12 U.S., 3 U.S.S.R., 1 France,
1 Germany)
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Table 3 (continued). AIRCRAFT NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/Industry/
Technology
Number of
Publications
Areas of Publication
Propeller Noise
Helicopter Rotor Noise
Aerodynamic Noise
Equipment Noise
Sonic Boom
4 • Four abstr, U.S.
11 • 11 abstr, U.S.
14 • Aerodynamic Noise Theory (1 abstr, Germany)
• Configuration Related Noise (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Boundary Layer Associated Noise (3 abstr, U.S.)
• Wake Vortices (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Miscellaneous (7 abstr; 6 U.S., 1 England)
4 • Four abstr, U.S.
28 • Theory (9 abstr, U.S.)
• Interaction with Water (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Flight Profile for Avoidance (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Simulation (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Measurement (4 abstr, U.S.)
• Miscellaneous (9 abstr; 5 U.S., 1 Canada, 1 England,
1 Germany, 1 Sweden)
Flyover Noise
20
Noise Signatures (3 abstr, U.S.)
Flight Path Control (4 abstr; 2 U.S., 1 U.S.S.R., 1 Germany)
Flyover Noise Effects on Urban Areas (2 abstr, U.S.)
Propagation and Absorption (3 abstr, U.S.)
Jet Aircraft Noise Survey (1 abstr, U.S.)
Aircraft Noise Duration (1 abstr, U.S.)
Helicopter Flyover Noise (6 abstr, U.S.)
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Table 3 (concluded). AIRCRAFT NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/Industry/
Technology
Number of
Publications
Areas of Publication
Powered Lift Aircraft
Noise
16
• STOL Noise (8 abstr; 5 U.S., 2 England, 1 Germany)
• VTOL Noise (6 abstr; 5 U.S., 1 Germany)
• Design Studies (2 abstr, U.S.)
Airport Noise
25
• Noise Contours (4 abstr; 3 U.S., 1 Japan)
• Particular Airport Noise (5 abstr; 2 U.S., 1 Belgium,
1 Germany, 1 Sweden)
• L1011 Noise (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Annoyance (6 abstr; 5 U.S., 1 Canada)
• Noise Monitoring (2 abstr, U.S.)
• General Interest (7 abstr, 6 U.S., 1 Germany)
Prediction
and Measurement
• Aircraft Engine Noise (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Attenuation & Absorption (2 abstr; 1 U.S., 1 England)
• Miscellaneous (3 abstr, U.S.)
Preceived Noise Level
• Three abstr; 2 U.S., 1 U.S.S.R.
Criteria
14
• Intl Noise Certification (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Noise Cost Effectiveness (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Proposed Test Method (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Engine Noise (3 abstr; 2 U.S., 1 Germany)
• Aircraft Related (8 abstr; 6 U.S., 1 England, 1 Germany)
General Interest
19
• Engine Technology (5 abstr; 4 U.S., 1 Germany)
• Technology Applications (3 abstr, U.S.)
• Miscellaneous (11 abstr; 9 U.S., 2 England)
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SECTION V
BUILDING NOISE
Abstracts from the literature search relating to Building Noise were re-
viewed and their areas of activity distributed over 10 categories. A
summary of the publication distribution is given in Table 4 and the dis-
tribution of the.publications over the 10 categories is presented in
Table 5. A review of these tables indicates:
• Ninety-eight abstracts were identified and distributed by
functional areas. Publications are relatively evenly dis-
tributed over eight of these areas. Measurements, an ancil-
lary category, has the least number of abstracts (3); and
sources of noise, a general category, has the most (23).
• In terms of foreign publications Germany has abstracts in
five categories, Netherlands in three categories and France
in two categories. England, Sweden and Switzerland have pub-
lications in one category.
14
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Table 4. SUMMARY OF BUILDING NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
Publications on Building Noise
1 English publication on noise sources
3 French publications on rooms and HVAC
10 German publications on damping materials, walls,
standards, HVAC and sources of noise
3 Netherlands publications on rooms, floors and
sources
1 Swedish publication on measurement
1 Swiss publication on sources
79 U.S. publications in 10 categories - fairly
evenly distributed
15
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Table 5. BUILDING NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/Induatry/
Technology
Number of
Publications
Areas of Publication
Damping and Insulation
Materials
Wood Framed Buildings (2 abstr, U.S.)
Plasterboard Panels (1 abstr, U.S.)
Brick and Masonry (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Materials (4 abstr, 3 U.S., 1 Germany)
Windows
Coupled Rooms
and Corridors
Walls
Ceilings
Floors
Standards and Criteria
Measurement
HVAC Systems
Noise Sources
8
16
8
6
7
11
3
7
23
• Eight abstr, U.S.
• Office Noise (1 abstr, U.S.)
* Laboratory Noise (1 abstr, France)
* Acoustical Flanking (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Corridors and Large Halls (3 abstr; 2 U.S., 1 France)
• Partitions (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Coupled Rooms (7 abstr, 6 U.S., 1 Netherlands)
• Eight abstr; 6 U.S., 2 Germany
• Six abstr, U.S.
• Seven abstr; 6 U.S., 1 Netherlands
• 11 abstr; 9 U.S., 2 Germany
» Three abstr; 2 U.S., 1 Sweden
• Seven abstr; 5 U.S., 1 France, 1 Germany
• General (16 abstr, 10 U.S., 1 Netherlands, 3 Germany,
1 Switzerland, 1 England)
• Mechanical Equipment (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Aircraft Associated (5 abstr; 4 U.S., 1 Germany)
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SECTION VI
GENERAL INTEREST
General Interest literature represents a collection of abstracts which,
when reviewed, were either difficult to distribute into a particular tech-
nology oriented area or were broad enough in scope to be potentially app-
licable to more than one area. Accordingly the abstracts compiled under
"General Interest" were distributed over 14 categories. A summary of the
publication distribution is given in Table 6 and the distribution of the
publications over the 14 categories is presented in Table 7. A review of
these abstracts indicates:
• From 14 countries 247 publications were identified. The two
categories with the most abstracts are "Laws and Ordinances"
(37) and "Conferences, Seminars and Bibliographies" (36).
Categories with the smallest numbers of abstracts are "Equip-
ment" (3) and "Sport Equipment" (4).
• The 37 abstracts in the Law and Ordinances category are pri-
marily U.S. publications (33) dealing with attitudes toward
legislation (3 abstracts), the laws (18 abstracts), standards
(3 abstracts), and discussions of standards (9 abstracts).
• Of the 36 publications on Conferences, Seminars, etc., 19 are
U.S. abstracts. The remaining publications are distributed
over seven countries: Canada (4), England (8), France (1),
India (1), Romania (1), Switzerland (1) and Russia (1).
• Foreign publications are mainly in the areas of: Sources
of Noise (6), Laws and Ordinances (4), Measurements (4),
Modeling (2), Planning (6) and Conferences (17).
• U.S. publications are the only abstracts identified in: Damping
and Absorption (21), Ducts (10), Equipment (3), Criteria (8)
and Sport Equipment (4).
17
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Table 6. SUMMARY OF GENERAL INTEREST PAPERS DISTRIBUTED
Publications in the General Interest Category
10 Canadian publications on surveys, sources,
laws, modeling, planning and conferences
13 English publications on sound barriers, laws,
technical notes and conferences (8)
1 Finnish publication on law
3 French publications on sources, measurements,
and conferences
4 German publications on sources, measurements,
modeling and planning
5 Indian publications on sources, planning and
conferences
1 Japanese publication on measurement
1 Netherlands publication on measurement
1 Polish publication on sources
203 U.S. publications on 14 areas
1 Swedish publication on planning
2 Swiss publications on surveys and conferences
1 Romanian publication on conferences
1 U.S.S.R. publication on conferences
18
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Table 7. GENERAL INTEREST PAPERS ON NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/Industry/
Technology
Number of
Publications
Areas of Publication
Damping and Absorption
21
Damping Materials and Their Application (8 abstr, U.S.)
Theory of Diffusion and Diffusers (1 abstr, U.S.)
Vibration Isolation (3 abstr, U.S.)
Absorption and Attenuation (9 abstr, U.S.)
Noise Surveys
12
Noise Source Surveys in Communities (5 abstr; 2 Canada,
1 Switzerland, 2 U.S.)
Community Noise Survey Approaches (2 abstr, U.S.)
State of the Art (2 abstr, U.S.)
General (3 abstr, U.S.)
\o
Ducts
10
Theory Measurement and Response of Ducts (2 abstr, U.S.)
Impedances and Reflection Coefficients (1 abstr, U.S.)
Pipe Covering (1 abstr, U.S.)
Lined Ducts (6 abstr, U.S.)
Sources of Noise
and Basic Phenomena
29
Noise Sources in Community (5 abstr; 1 Canada, 2 India,
2 U.S.)
Equipment Sources (3 abstr, U.S.)
Sports Ground Sources (1 abstr, U.S.)
Plate Noise Radiation (3 abstr, U.S.)
Basic Phenomena (17 abstr, 1 France, 1 Poland, 1 Germany,
14 U.S.)
Design and Sound
Barriers
13
Engines, Mufflers and General Practices (4 abstr, 1 England,
3 U.S.)
Partitions and Enclosures (4 abstr, U.S.)
Barriers (5 abstr, U.S.)
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Table 7 (continued). GENERAL INTEREST PAPERS ON NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/Industry/
Technology
Number of
Publications
Areas of Publication
Equipment
Sound Generation and/or Reduction Equipment (3 abstr, U.S.)
Law, Ordinances, Etc.
37
Attitudes Toward Legislation (3 abstr, U.S.)
Laws and Ordinances (22 abstr; 18 U.S., 2 England, 1 Finland,
1 Canada)
Standards (3 abstr, U.S.)
Discussions on Standards (9 abstr, U.S.)
to
o
Criteria
• Evaluation and Use (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Loudness and Annoyance (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Trends (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Level (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Quality and Economic Factors (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Frequency Analysis (2 abstr, U.S.)
Technical Notes
Miscellaneous Subjects (7 abstr; 6 U.S., 1 England)
Glossary (1 abstr, U.S.)
Measurement
22
Insulation Measurement (2 abstr, U.S.)
Soundfields (2 abstr, U.S.)
Community Noise (2 abstr, U.S.)
Transmission Loss (2 abstr, U.S.)
Reverberant Chamber (4 abstr, U.S.)
Miscellaneous (10 abstr; 6 U.S., 1 France, 1 Germany,
1 Japan, 1 Netherlands)
Modeling
15
• Reduction of Atomospheric Noise Data (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Reverberation Room Data Reduction (3 abstr, U.S.)
• Miscellaneous Studies (10 abstr, 8 U.S., 1 Canada, 1 Germany)
-------
Table 7 (concluded). GENERAL INTEREST PAPERS ON NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/Industry/
Technology
Number of
Publications
Areas of Publication
Planning
29
Control (3 abstr, U.S.)
Bibliography (1 abstr, U.S.)
Loudness Ratings and Assessment (4 abstr, U.S.)
General Discussion (2 abstr; 1 U.S., 1 Sweden)
Planning (19 abstr; 14 U.S., 2 India, 1 England, 1 Germany,
1 Canada)
Conferences, Seminars,
Compendia and
Bibliographies
36
Canada (4 abstr)
England (8 abstr)
France (1 abstr)
India (1 abstr)
Romania (1 abstr)
Switzerland (1 abstr)
U.S. (19 abstr)
U.S.S.R. (1 abstr)
Sport Equipment
Boats (1 abstr, U.S.)
Snowmobiles (3 abstr, U.S.)
-------
SECTION VII
MACHINERY NOISE
Abstracts from the literature search relating to machinery noise were
reviewed and their areas of activity distributed over the 20 industries.
Abstracts which indicate apparent application to several industries were
distributed into a "mixed category". A summary of the publication dis-
tribution is given in Table 8 and the distribution of the publications
over the 21 categories is presented in Table 9. Briefly, the following
comments are given:
• Identified as pertinent to machinery noise research are 308
publications; 248 are primarily industry oriented and 60 are
in the mixed category. The majority (240) are U.S. publica-
tions. Sixty-eight foreign publications from 13 countries are
identified.
• United States publications are distributed into 13 of the 20
industrial categories. No publications were identified in:
Tobacco manufacturing
Apparel manufacturing
Furniture and fixtures
Printing and publishing
Leather and leather goods
Electrical machinery
Transportation equipment
The industry with the most publications is chemical and al-
lied products with 63 publications. Machinery, except elec-
trical, has 35, petroleum and coal products has 31 publications,
utilities has 26 and construction 24. Of the 11 publications
in primary metals, only 3 are from the United States.
• Foreign publications are primarily from Germany (32), and
Japan (9). Both of these countries' publications are broad-
ly scattered throughout the categories but pockets of concen-
tration appear in primary metals and fabricated metal products
industries and in the mixed category.
22
-------
• The review of the abstracts resulted in virtually no quanti-
tative technical information which could be used in either
assessing machine noise levels, nose reduction techniques, or
the effectiveness of the application of technology. The re-
• ports must be gathered and reviewed before any assessment of
this type can be made.
• Generic noise problems seem to be treated by several industries.
For instance:
Valve Noise reduction activity is evident in the util-
ities and in chemical and allied products.
Pump Noise is treated by chemical and allied products
in the mixed category.
Piping System Noise reduction techniques are used by
utilities and chemical and allied products.
Combustion Noise has literature in petroleum and coal
products, utilities and chemical and allied products
and in the mixed category.
Fan Noise reduction activity is identified with petrole-
um and coal products, utilities and in the mixed category.
It would appear, therefore, that the transfer of the noise re-
duction technology across industries should be effective and
research activities could be defined which have relatively broad
applicability to several industries.
23
-------
Table 8. SUMMARY OF MACHINERY NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
Publications on Machinery Noise
(248) (publications which are primarily industry oriented)
(60) (publications in mixed categories applicaboe to several
industries)
1 Australian publication on fan noise
1 Austrian publication on industrial noise survey
1 Canadian publication on underground operations of coal
mines
1 Czechoslovakian publication on power plant turbines
4 English publications on chemical and allied products,
primary metals, utilities and plant noise control
4 French publications on construction equipment, chem-
ical and allied products and HVAC
32 German publications in 11 Clll areas with emphasis on
chemical and allied products, primary metals and mach-
inery except electrical
9 Japanese publications on chemical and allied products,
fabricated metal products, machinery except electrical,
utilities, criteria and HVAC
2 Netherlands publications on utilities
3 Polish publications on chemical and allied products
and machinery except electrical
4 Swedish publications on food and kindred products,
primary metals and fabricated metal products
240 U.S. publications broadly scattered
5 U.S.S.R. publications primarily on utilities
1 Yugoslavian publication on metal cutting
24
-------
Table 9. MACHINERY NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/Industry/
Technology
Number of
Publications
Areas of Publication
N)
Ui
Construction Equipment 24
Food and Kindred 13
Products
Tobacco Manufacturers None
Textile Mill Products 6 <
Construction Site Noise (6 abstr; 5 U.S., 1
Pneumatic Rock Drill (3 abstr, U.S.)
Pile Drivers (2 abstr; 1 U.S., 1 Germany)
General Discourse (4 abstr, U.S.)
Construction Equipment in General (3 abstr,
Cooling Systems (2 abstr; 1 U.S., 1 France)
Compressors (2 abstr, U.S.)
Pneumatic Equipment (2 abstr, U.S.)
Agricultural Machinery (10 abstr; 9 U.S., 1
Brewery Noise (1 abstr, U.S.)
Cap Manufacturing Plant (1 abstr, U.S.)
Processing Operations (1 abstr, U.S.)
i Rotating Textile Spindles (1 abstr, U.S.)
Germany)
U.S.)
Sweden)
• Textile Machinery Noise (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Manufacturer's Noise Sources (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Guidelines for Noise Control (2 abstr, U.S.)
Apparel Manufacturers
None
Lumber and Wood
Products
• General Interest (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Saws (3 abstr; 2 U.S., 1 Germany)
• Planers (2 abstr, U.S.)
Furniture and Fixtures
None
-------
Table 9 (continued). MACHINERY NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/Industry/
Technology
Number of
Publications
Areas of Publication
Paper and Allied
Products
• Health Aspects (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Paper Converting Machinery (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Nylon Gears (1 abstr, U.S.)
Printing and Publishing
None
Chemical and Allied
Products
63
10
Valve Noise (24 abstr; 22 U.S., 1 France, 1 Germany)
Piping Noise (2 abstr, U.S.)
Combustion Noise (12 abstr; 8 U.S., 1 England, 3 Germany)
Compressors (4 abstr; 3 U.S., 1 Germany)
Pumps (7 abstr; 4 U.S., 1 Japan, 2 Poland)
Heat Exchangers (1 abstr, U.S.)
Stock Preparation Machinery (2 abstr, U.S.)
Feeder Noise (1 abstr, U.S.)
Process Noise (10 abstr, U.S.)
Petroleum and Coal
Products
31
Process Machinery Noise (6 abstr, U.S.)
Fans (1 abstr, U.S.)
Burners (1 abstr, U.S.)
Steam Pipelines (2 abstr, U.S.)
Stacks (1 abstr, U.S.)
Flares (2 abstr, U.S.)
Refinery (8 abstr, U.S.)
Drilling (1 abstr, U.S.)
Coal Preparation Plants (3 abstr, U.S.)
Underground Operations (5 abstr; 4 U.S., 1 Canada)
Coal Unloading (1 abstr, U.S.)
Rubber and Plastic
Products
Plant Noise Sources (1 abstr, U.S.)
Machinery (3 abstr, U.S.)
Materials Handling Systems (1 abstr, U.S.)
-------
Table 9 (continued). MACHINERY NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/Industry/
Technology
Number of
Publications
Areas of Publication
Leather and Leather Goods
None
Stone, Clay and Glass
Products
Ball Mills (1 abstr, U.S.)
Cement Plant (3 abstr; 1 U.S., 2 Germany)
Primary Metals
11
Steel Plant Noise (2 abstr; 1 England, 1 Germany)
Forging (2 abstr; 1 U.S., 1 Germany)
Foundry (7 abstr; 2 U.S., 4 Germany, 1 Sweden)
Fabricated Metal Products
20
S3
Impact Machines (2 abstr, U.S.)
Metal Forming (2 abstr; 1 Japan, 1 U.S.S.R.)
Riveting Machine (2 abstr, U.S.)
Cablemaking Machine (2 abstr; 1 U.S., 1 Germany)
Conveyor (1 abstr, Germany)
Presses (5 abstr; 3 U.S., 2 Sweden)
Boiler Room (1 abstr, U.S.)
General Equipment (5 abstr; 4 U.S., 1 Germany)
Machinery Except
Electrical
35
Impact (3 abstr, U.S.)
Measurements (5 abstr, U.S.)
Gears (8 abstr; 6 U.S., 1 Poland, 1 Japan)
Miscellaneous Sources (1 abstr, Germany)
Damping (1 abstr, U.S.)
Bearings (2 abstr, U.S.)
Belt Drive (1 abstr, Japan)
Grinding (1 abstr, Germany)
Hammering (1 abstr, Germany)
Cutting (1 abstr, Yugoslavia)
Clutch (1 abstr, U.S.)
General (10 abstr; 8 U.S., 2 Germany)
-------
Table 9 (continued). MACHINERY NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/Industry/
Technology
Number of
Publications
Areas of Publication
Electrical Machinery
None
Transportation Equipment
None
Utilities
N)
00
26
• Steam Piping (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Fans (1 abstr, Japan)
• Power Plants (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Valves (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Machinery (2 abstr, U.S.)
• New Plant Planning (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Turbines (10 abstr; 7 U.S., 1 Czechoslovakia, 1 U.S.S.R.,
1 Japan)
• Compressor Stations (6 abstr; 2 Netherlands, 3 U.S.S.R.,
1 England)
• Cooling Tower (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Furnace (1 abstr, Germany)
Mixed Category
16
3
4
3
2
4
Industrial Noise Sources
Plant Noise Control (5 abstr; 3 U.S., 1 England, 1 Germany)
Criteria (3 abstr, U. S.)
Noise Surveys (5 abstr; 3 U.S., 1 Germany, 1 Austria)
Community Reactions (2 abstr, U.S.)
Health Effects (1 abstr, U. S.)
Noise Measurement Techniques (3 abstr, U.S.)
Noise Criteria and Standards (4 abstr; 3 U.S., 1 Japan)
Mechanical Equipment (3 abstr, U. S.)
Pneumatic Equipment (2 abstr, U.S.)
Hydraulic Equipment (4 abstr, U.S.)
-------
Table 9 (concluded). MACHINERY NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/ Industry/
Technology
Mixed Category (concl)
Number of
Publications
5
22
Areas of Publication
Acoustic Treatment (5 abstr; 4 U.S., 1 Germany)
Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
ro
\o
Compressors (2 abstr; 1 U.S., 1 Germany)
Fans (9 abstr; 1 Australia, 6 U.S., 2 Japan)
Chillers (2 abstr, U.S.)
Pumps (1 abstr, Germany)
Air Conditioning Cabinet (1 abstr, Germany)
Heat Exchangers (1 abstr, U.S.)
Exhaust Vent (1 abstr, U.S.)
HVAC Systems (5 abstr; 2 U.S., 2 France, 1 Germany)
-------
SECTION VIII
NOISE EFFECTS ON HEALTH
Abstracts from the literature search relating to noise effects on health
were reviewed and their areas of activity distributed over 17 categories.
A summary of the publication distribution is given in Table 10 and the
distribution of the publications over the 17 categories is presented in
Table 11. A review of these tables indicates:
• Publications identified as related to noise effects on health
totaled 143. From the United States 113, and 30 were from
seven foreign countries.
• One-third (10) of the foreign publications were German. These
abstracts were distributed over five categories. England had
five publications distributed over three categories. The re-
maining foreign countries had between one and three publications
identified.
• The ear damage category had the most abstracts (30). This was
about three times the number of any other technical category.
Ear damage also had the most foreign abstracts (9) from four
countries (Austria, 2; England, 3; Germany, 3; and Russia, 1).
• Other categories with eight or more abstracts are: General In-
terest (17), Criteria (10), Aircraft Noise Related (10), Pro-
tection (9), Nonauditory Effects (9), Psychological Effects
(8), and Impulsive Noise (8).
• Only seven categories had solely U.S. publications; Exposure
(5), Effects on Sleep (1), Intermittent Noise (4), Intense
Noise (4), Loudness (9), Masking (7), and Dosimeter (4).
• None of the categories is dominated by foreign publications.
30
-------
Table 10. SUMMARY OF NOISE EFFECTS ON HEALTH PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
Publications on Noise Effects on Health
2 Austrian publications on ear damage
3 Canadian publications; two on aircraft noise related
effects, and one general paper
5 English publications on nonauditory effects, protec-
tion and ear damage
2 French publications on impulsive noise and protection
10 German publications on aircraft noise effects, psycho-
logical effects, annoyance, measurement and ear damage
1 Netherlands publication on criteria
118 U.S. publications on 17 areas
2 U.S.S.R. publications; one on ear damage, and one
general paper
31
-------
Table 11. NOISE EFFECTS ON HEALTH PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
to
SIC/Industry/
Technology
Number of
Publications
Areas of Publication
Criteria
Exposure
Impulstive Noise
Effects on Sleep
Intermittent Noise
Aircraft Noise Related
Psychological Effects
Intense Noise
Annoyance
Loudness
10
5
8
1
4
10
8
4
4
9
• Damage-Risk Criteria (7 abstr, U.S.)
• Industrial Noise (3 abstr, 2 U.S., 1 Netherlands)
• Five abstr, U.S.
• TTS from Impulsive Noise (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Susceptibility to Damage (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Perceived Levels and Differences (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Pathological Effects (1 abstr, France)
• Conchlear Degeneration (1 abstr, U.S.)
• One abstr, U.S.
• Four abstr, U.S.
f
• Effects of Aircraft Noise on Sleep (3 abstr, U.S.)
• Noise Disturbance Prediction (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Hearing Acuity with Age and Flying Time (1 abstr, Germany)
• Sonic Boom Effects (5 abstr; 3 U.S., 2 Canada)
• Eight abstr; 6 U.S., 2 Germany
• Four abstr, U.S.
• Four abstr; 3 U.S., 1 Germany
• Nine abstr, U.S.
-------
Table 11 (concluded). NOISE EFFECTS ON HEALTH PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
co
CO
SIC/Industry/
Technology
Nonauditory Effects
Masking
Measurement
Dosimeter
Protection
Ear Damage
General Interest
Number of
Publications
9
7
4
4
9
30
17
*
Areas of Publication
• Nine abstr ; 8 U.S., 1 England
• Seven abstr, U.S.
• Four abstr; 2 U.S., 2 Germany
• Four abstr, U.S.
• Nine abstr; 7 U.S., 1 France, 1 England
• Kryter's Impairment to Hearing from Exposure to Noise and
Comments and Countercomments (5 abstr, U.S.)
• Industrial Noise Effects (5 abstr; 1 U.S., 1 England,
3 Germany
• Effects on Animals (2 abstr, U.S.)
• TTS (4 abstr, U.S.)
• Medical Aspects (3 abstr; 1 U.S., 2 Austria)
• General (11 abstr; 8 U.S., 2 England, 1 U.S.S.R.)
• 17 abstr; 14 U.S., 1 Canada, 1 Germany, 1 U.S.S.R,
-------
SECTION IX
NOISE MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION
Abstracts from the literature search relating to noise measurement instru-
mentation were reviewed and distributed into nine categories. A summary
of the publication distribution is given in Table 12 and the distribution
of the abstracts over the nine categories is presented in Table 13. A
review of these tables indicates:
• Seventy publications are identified as relating to noise
measurement instrumentation. Only four of these publications
are foreign; one Canada, two Germany, and one India.
• The nine categories are dominated by: Instruments with 21
publications; Diagnostic Techniques with 17 publications;
and Noise Survey Instrumentation with 11 abstracts.
• The Diagnostic Technique category, with 17 publications, has
abstracts on such a variety of subjects that further sub-
grouping is difficult without a review of the publication.
• Noise Survey Instrumentation, with 11 abstracts, has publica-
tions almost evenly divided between Instrumentation and In-
dustrial Noise Surveys (6) and Instrumentation for Community
Noise Surveys (5).
• The category on instruments, with 21 abstracts, has abstracts
which treat topics such as: Laser Analysis (1), Microphones
(2), Shock Tubes (1), Space Averaged Measurements (1), Wedge
Design (1), and Impulse Sound Measurement (3).
34
-------
Table 12. SUMMARY OF NOISE MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION
PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTIONS
>__» Publications on Noise Measurement Instrumentation
1 Canadian publication on dosimeter
2 German publications on diagnostic techniques and instru-
ments
1 Indian publication on diagnostic techniques
66 U.S. publications primarily on instruments, diagnostic
techniques and surveys
35
-------
Table 13. NOISE MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
a*
SIC/ Indus try/
Technology
Noise Survey
Instrumentation
Sound Power
Instrumentation
Sound Pressure
Instrumentation
Dosimeter
Loudness Measurements
Diagnostic Techniques
Noise Rating Methods
t
Instruments
Number of
Publications
11
4
1
4
4
17
2
21
Areas of Publication
• Industrial Noise Survey Instrumentation (6 abstr, U.S.)
• Community Noise Survey Instrumentation (5 abstr, U.S.)
• Four abstr, U.S.
• One abstr, U.S.
• Four abstr ; 3 U . S . , 1 Canada
• Four abstr, U.S.
• 17 abstr; 1 Germany, 15 U.S., 1 India (Variety of Subjects)
• Two abstr, U.S.
Laser Analysis (1 abstr, U.S.)
Microphones (2 abstr, U.S.)
Shocktubes (1 abstr, U.S.)
Space Averaged Measurements (1 abstr, U.S.)
Wedge Design for Anechoic Chamber (1 abstr, U.S.)
Impulse Sound Measurement (3 abstr, U.S.)
General (12 abstr; 1 Germany, 11 U.S.)
Standards
General (6 abstr, U.S.)
-------
SECTION X
TRANSPORTATION NOISE
Abstracts from the literature search relating to transportation noise
were reviewed and their areas of activity distributed over 15 categories.
A summary of the publication distribution is given in Table 14 and the
distribution of the publications over the 15 categories is presented in
Table 15. The following comments relative to these tables are offered:
• Abstracts identified totaled 153; 133 were U.S. publications
and 31 were from seven foreign countries.
• Diesel Engine Noise, with 26 abstracts, represents the cate-
gory with the most publications. Noise reduction efforts are
directed toward Techniques (17 abstracts), Operational Changes
(4 abstracts) and Covers and Shields (5 abstracts). Seven
foreign publications were identified: Germany (6) and Japan
(1).
• Vehicle Design had 24 abstracts associated with this category.
Specific subtopics included: Damping Materials (1); Noise
Sources (1); Engine Encapsulation (2); Passenger Compartment
Treatment (6); and Noise Reduction in General (5). Only three
foreign publications were identified in this category: England
(1), France (1), and Germany (1).
• Highway planning and design had 21 publications on a wide vari-
ety of subtopics. Four foreign abstracts were identified from
"" Germany (3) and Spain (1).
• Nine out of the 15 categories are associated with motor vehicle
transportation. In terms of publications, 126 of the 153 ab-
stracts are distributed through these nine categories.
• Rail transportation is associated with two categories and three
abstracts (U.S., 2 and Sweden, 1).
• Public transportation is treated in one category with 10 publi-
cations .
• Foreign publications are directed, mainly, to Engine Noise (11),
Traffic Noise (5), Highway Design and Planning (4), and Vehicle
Design (3).
37
-------
Table 14. SUMMARY OF TRANSPORTATION NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTIONS
,.. ,-,v Publications on Transportation Noise
4 English publications on vehicle design, tire noise,
engines and intake and exhaust noise
3 French publications on vehicle design, public transpor-
tation and highway sound barriers
15 German publications primarily on diesel engines, traffic
and highway design and planning
1 Italian publication on general interest
3 Japanese publications on engine and traffic noise
1 Spanish publication on highway design and planning
2 Swedish publications on locomotive and traffic noise
122 U.S. publications on 14 areas primarily on vehicle de-
sign, diesel engine noise and highway design and planning
2 U.S.S.R. publications on engine noise
38
-------
\Table 15. TRANSPORTATION NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/Industry/
Technology
Number of
Publications
Areas of Publication
Vehicle Design
24
Application on Damping Material (1 abstr, U.S.)
Identification of Noise Sources (10 abstr; 8 U.S., 1 France,
1 Germany)
Engine Noise Encapsulation (2 abstr; 1 U.S., 1 England)
Passenger Compartment Noise (6 abstr, U.S.)
Noise Reduction (5 abstr, U.S.)
VO
Tire Noise
12
• Tire Noise Characteristics (3 abstr, U.S.)
• Preliminary Investigations (2 abstr; 1 England, 1 Germany)
• Standards and Practices (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Subjective Evaluations (3 abstr, U.S.)
• "Good Tire" Characteristics (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Effects of Operating Parameters (1 abstr, U.S.)
Diesel Engine Noise
26
Noise Reduction Techniques (17 abstr; 14 U.S., 3 Germany)
Operational Changes (4 abstr; 3 U.S., 1 Japan)
Covers and Shields (5 abstr; 2 U.S., 3 Germany)
Other Engines
Seven abstr; 3 U.S., 1 England, 1 Japan, 2 U.S.S.R.
Intake and Exhaust Noise
10
• Ten abstr; 8 U.S., 1 England, 1 Germany
Automotive Equipment
• Cooling System (2 abstr, U.S.)
• Air Bag (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Transmission (1 abstr, U.S.)
• Axle Gear (1 abstr, U.S.)
Magnetic Propulsion
• One abstr, U.S.
-------
Table 15 (concluded). TRANSPORTATION NOISE PUBLICATION DISTRIBUTION
SIC/Industry/ Number of . , „ ,._,
Technology Publications AreaS °f Publication
Locomotive Noise
Rail Yard Noise
Public Transportation
Noise
Traffic Noise
Highway Sound Barriers
Highway Design
and Planning
Regulations and Standards
General Interest
1
2
10
15
6
21
4
9
• One abstr, Sweden
• Two abstr, U.S.
• Ten abstr; 9 U.S., 1 France
Design and Planning (2 abstr; 1 Germany, 1 Sweden)
Control (3 abstr; 2 U.S., 1 Germany)
Modeling (5 abstr; 4 U.S., 1 Germany)
Surveys (4 abstr, U.S.)
Annoyance (1 abstr, Japan)
• Six abstr; 5 U.S., 1 France
• 21 abstr; 17 U.S., 3 Germany, 1 Spain
j
X
9 Four abstr, U.S.
• Nine abstr; 8 U.S., 1 Italy
ft U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1975—210-810:71
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-76-016a
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI*NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ABSTRACTS OF THE 1971-1974 UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN
OPEN LITERATURE ON NOISE - Part I
5. REPORT DATE
January 1976
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
E. P. Bergmann, I. B. Fieldhouse
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
IIT Research Institute
10 W. 35th Street
Chicago, Illinois 60616
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-01-2234
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This document is a task report of effort directed toward a search of the open litera-
ture to provide some insight into the noise reduction effort outside of the Federal
Government and in foreign countries. Abstracts from the search covered the period
1971 to 1974. Two primary sources were searched for abstracts: The Engineers Index
and Pollution Abstracts.
Nearly 1300 abstracts from 21 countries were screened and segregated into the
following categories: Aircraft Noise; Building Noise; General Interest; Machinery
Noise; Noise Effects on Health; Noise Measurement Instrumentation; and Transportation
Noise. The distribution of abstracts within each technical area is summarized in the
report, and a compilation of the abstracts is presented as an appendix and bound
separately.
It appears that a substantial level of privately sponsored noise research and develop-
ment is reflected in open literature publications. Industrial or private sponsorship
is indicated in areas in which a regulation demands attention to the noise problem or
a product relating to noise is being "advertised". Government sponsorship is indi-
cated in the areas in which there is a potential benefit to the public. University
sponsorship appears to be a small part of the total effort and is directed to particu-
lar—academic interests.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Accoustic Noise
Aircraft noise
Noise reduction
Abstracts
Transportation noise
Foreign abstracts
Noise measurement
Building noise
1971-74
01C
13F
21E
05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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