WASTE MINIMIZATION BIBLIOGRAPHY




       RETROSPECTIVE




        1970 - 1979

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a -fei fel iocr-ashy whic-J"* e-at- alo-su-s-s effov-ts.  a~  v*as-"t.e m2y;:?02zajtao'/<   'iv;
th;6-   * SO* s-.  It- v>a=. c-o?«C!i2e-3 v*it^«  s s =. i s-t- a^c-e  fi'-o-M EPA' a Office-   of
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fey  Sneiia  Sic-havd,  Refer-E-ViC-s-  L i tvar -a a*-;.   Citations. ^c-r-&   s-e 1 C-C-T. e-e
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                                        •2 '3-2 Jw a c s E.c'>?.&?••,
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the   Cfficis   of   Solic   Wa&t-e for-  advic-s   ar*c    o a y-ec-7- i o/s
                  of  tnss.  bifei iog-v-spny.
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 5ir>ijfti zst aov5P>»  £ilA>  >I2O-2>  3a.2-5522.

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         TABLE OF CONTENTS
BACKGROUND


RECYCLING
  GENERAL

  ENERGY/FUEL RECOVERY

  MATERIAL RECOVERY

SOURCE REDUCTION

INCENTIVES/DISINCENTIVES

STATE PROGRAMS

CASE STUDIES

INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS

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RETROSPECTIVE

    BACKGROUND
0126138     78-001251
  RECLAMATION,  TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES: AN EVALUATION OF AVAILABLE
OPTIONS,
  EPA INTL  ENV  DOCUMENT REPORT 03797A-U K, 1976 (42)

  SPECIAL REPORT  VARIOUS AVAILABLE OPTIONS FOR THE RECLAMATION, TREATMENT,
AND  DISPOSAL  OF WASTES ARE COMPARED AND ASSESSED. ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS OF
THE  VARIOUS  PROPOSED  OPTIONS  ARE  INCLUDED.  TOPICS INCLUDE: RECYCLING,
REUSE,  AND  RECLAMATION;  DISPOSAL  ON  LAND AND LAND RECLAMATION; THERMAL
TREATMENT   AND   ENERGY  RECOVERY;  SEA  DISPOSAL; TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF
HAZARDOUS   WASTE;  DISPOSAL  OF AWKWARD HOUSEHOLD WASTE; RESEARCH PROJECTS;
ECONOMIC  EVALUATION  OF  WASTE DISPOSAL PLANS; AND USE OF A TRANSPORTATION
MODEL IN THE  ALLOCATION OF WASTE.
[ENV]
0124695   *77-006685
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND WASTE REDUCTION:  THIRD REPORT TO CONGRESS,
  EPA REPORT SW-161,  1975  (113)

  SPECIAL REPORT  POLICY ISSUES,  TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS, AND CITY AND STATE
ACTIVITIES  RELATED   TO  RESOURCE  RECOVERY FROM WASTE AND REDUCTION OF WASTE
GENERATION  ARE  REVIEWED.   EPA   STUDIES  AND  INVESTIGATIONS  ON  RESOURCE
RECOVERY  ARE  EXAMINED.  THE FOLLOWING TOPICS ARE INVESTIGATED: BACKGROUND
AND PERSPECTIVES ON RESOURCE RECOVERY AND WASTE REDUCTION - DEFINITIONS AND
POTENTIALS, QUANTITY  AND COMPOSITION OF POST-CONSUMER SOLID WASTE, AND SUCH
BENEFITS  AS  ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION  AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION;
TECHNICAL   OPTIONS   AND MECHANISMS TO  ACHIEVE  WASTE  REDUCTION-REDUCED
RESOURCE  USE PER PRODUCT,  LONGER PRODUCT LIFE, REUSE, PRODUCT CHANGES, AND
DEPOSIT SYSTEMS; ENERGY  RECOVERY  FROM POST-CONSUMER SOLID WASTE-QUANTITY OF
ENERGY POTENTIALLY RECOVERABLE AND TECHNOLOGY MARKETS FOR FUELS, STEAM, AND
ELECTRICITY PRODUCED  FROM SOLID WASTE;  MATERIALS RECOVERY-STEEL CAN, PAPER,
ALUMINUM,  AND GLASS  RECYCLING; RESOURCE RECOVERY PLANT COST ESTIMATES; AND
STATUS OF WASTE REDUCTION AND RESOURCE  RECOVERY EFFORTS. (54 TABLES)
[EGY]

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0102149    *75-008020
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND SOURCE REDUCTION,
  EPA CONGRESSIONAL REPORT SW-122, MAR 74  (120)


  SPECIAL   REPORT   EPA'S  STUDIES  AND  INVESTIGATIONS IN 1973 ON RESOURCE
RECOVERY   AND  SOURCE REDUCTION ARE REVIEWED. THE VARIOUS RESOURCE RECOVERY
AND  SOURCE  REDUCTION  PROGRAMS  ARE  DISCUSSED CONCERNING CONSERVATION OF
ENERGY  AND MATERIAL RESOURCES, PROTECTION OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, AND
ECONOMIC EFFECTS. TOPICS EXAMINED INCLUDE: (1) PROJECTED TRENDS IN RESOURCE
UTILIZATION,   POLLUTION,  AND  SOLID  WASTE GENERATION THAT GIVE  IMPETUS TO
CONSIDERATION  OF  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  AND  SOURCE  REDUCTION  METHODS;  (2)
EFFECTS  OF  SEVERAL EXISTING FEDERAL POLICIES AND PROGRAMS ON THE LEVEL OF
USE OF VIRGIN AND RECYCLED MATERIALS; (3) RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS AND THE
MARKETS  FOR  MATERIALS AND ENERGY RECOVERED FROM POST-CONSUMER RESIDENTIAL
AND  COMMERCIAL  WASTE;  (4)  PRODUCT  CONTROLS,  SUCH  AS BANS,  STANDARDS,
CHARGES,    AND   DEPOSITS,    DIRECTED  AT  REGULATING  PRODUCT  DESIGN  AND
CONSUMPTION  FOR  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  OR SOURCE REDUCTION PURPOSES; AND  (5)
STUDIES  OF  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  AND  SOURCE  REDUCTION  OF SEVERAL SPECIAL
WASTES,  SUCH  AS  AUTOMOBILES,  PACKAGING, BEVERAGE CONTAINERS,  AND RUBBER
TIRES. (1  DIAGRAM,  2 GRAPHS, 1 MAP, 79 REFERENCES, 81 TABLES)
[EGY]
0127655   78-002628
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS  OF THE COMPOSITION OF HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTES,
  RICHARDSO ROBERT A.  ;  HAVELEK,  JOSEPH
  (UNIVERSITY OR NEW  ENGLAND, AUSTRALIA),  AND  ;  (VIRGINIA
  POLYTECHNIC INST),

  TECHNICAL REPORT  THE  ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE
QUANTITY AND  COMPOSITION OF  HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTES ARE ANALYZED.
THE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL,  HYPOTHESIS, AND  DATA USED ARE SURVEYED.
THE WEEKLY  PER  CAPITA AND PER HOUSEHOLD QUALITIES OF 11 SELECTED
HOUSEHOLD  SOLID  WASTE COMPONENTS ARE EVALUATED  UTILIZING
REGRESSION EQUATIONS.  THE WASTE  CATEGORIES AND TYPES OF MATERIALS
INCLUDED ARE:   CLEAR  GLASS;  GREEN GLASS;   ALUMINUM;OTHER METALS;
NEWSPAPER;  RAGS, TEXTILES,  AND LEATHER;  ALL OTHER PAPER;
PLASTICS, RUBBER,  AND STYROFOAM;  GRASS, TREE CUTTINGS, AND WOOD;
AND  GARBAGE,  HOUSEHOLD INCOME,  HOUSEHOLD  SIZE,  AND THE  AGE
STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION  ARE  THE MAJOR  VARIABLES AFFECTING THE
QUANTITIES OF THESE COMPONENTS. IF AL GLASS, METALS,  PLASTICS,
NEWSPAPER,   OTHER PAPER,   AND  TEXTILES WERE RECOVERED,  THEN ABOUT
53% BY WEIGHT OF THE SUMMER HOUSEHOLD SOLID  WASTE LOAD WOULD BE
USABLE RESOURCES.  (7REFERENCES,  3 TABLES)
[ENV]

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0126142   *78-001255
  SOLID  WASTE  ENVIRONMENTAL  INFORMATION:   RESOURCES  FOR  STATE  & LOCAL
ELECTED OFFICIALS,
  EPA REPORT, FEB 77  (174)

  SPECIAL  REPORT  IN THE  PAST HALF CENTURY,  THE AMOUNT OF SOLID WASTES HAS
ROUGHLY  DOUBLED  IN  THE U.S.  BECAUSE OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS AND THE
RISE  IN  THE  STANDARD OF LIVING.  AS THE AMOUNT OF SOLID WASTES INCREASES,
AND  AS  AIR  POLLUTION  REGULATIONS  MAKE  INCINERATION  OF  WASTES ALMOST
IMPOSSIBLE,  MUNICIPAL  AND  COUNTY GOVERNMENTS ARE BECOMING ALERTED TO THE
PROBLEMS  OF FINDING  PROPER SOLID WASTE LAND DISPOSAL SITES. THE URGENCY OF
THE  PROBLEM  NECESSITATES  BETTER APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF
WASTES.  NONDOCUMENTARY  SOURCES  OF  INFORMATION  RELATED  TO SOLID WASTES
MANAGEMENT-INCLUDING  PUBLIC  INTEREST  GROUPS,  UNIVERSITIES, AND REFERRAL
SERVICES-AND  SECONDARY  LITERATURE AVAILABLE-INCLUDING ABSTRACTS JOURNALS,
NEWSLETTERS, AND COMMERCIAL INDEXES-ARE LISTED. (NUMEROUS REFERENCES)
[ENV]

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RECYCLING

   GENERAL
0121486    *79-025044
MATERIALS   AND  ENERGY  FROM  MUNICIPAL  WASTE:  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  AND
RECYCLING   FROM  MUNICIPAL  SOLID  WASTE  AND  BEVERAGE  CONTAINER  DEPOSIT
LEGISLATION,
  US OFFICE OF  TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT REPORT OTA-M-93, JUL 79, VI,
(284)

  SPECIAL  REPORT  RESOURCE RECOVERY AND RECYCLING MATERIALS AND ENERGY FROM
MUNICIPAL   SOLID WASTE CAN PLAY SIGNIFICANT ROLES IN ALLEVIATING U.S. WASTE
GENERATION AND DISPOSAL PROBLEMS. THE FEASIBILITY OF VARIOUS APPROACHES TO
RESOURCE   RECOVERY,   RECYCLING, AND REUSE IS DISCUSSED. CONSIDERED ARE: THE
CURRENT  FEDERAL  ROLE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE; RESOURCE
RECOVERY   METHODS;  THE MARKETABILITY OF RECOVERED RESOURCES; INSTITUTIONAL
BARRIERS   TO  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  AND  RECYCLING;  INCENTIVES  FOR RESOURCE
RECOVERY    AND   RECYCLING;  AND  BEVERAGE  CONTAINER  DEPOSIT  LEGISLATION.
(NUMEROUS  DIAGRAMS, GRAPHS, REFERENCES, TABLES)
[EGY]


0115804    *78-024143
A SOLID WASTE PACKAGE DEAL: ENERGY AND MATERIALS FROM GARBAGE,
  RUETH NANCY
  MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,  DEC 77,  V99, N12, P24 (6)

  TECHNICAL FEATURE    THE BLACK CLAWSON CO. ENERGY-RESOURCE RECOVERY PLANT
IS  A  HIGHLY AUTOMATED APPROACH TO THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEM. THE SYSTEM NOT
ONLY  RECOVERS   FERROUS  METALS, ALUMINUM, AND COLOR-SORTED GLASS, BUT ALSO
PRODUCES ELECTRICITY  FROM WASTE TO RUN RECOVERY OPERATIONS AND TO SUPPORT A
UTILITY  SYSTEM.  HOW  THE RECOVERY PROCESS WORKS, AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
THAT  WILL PROBABLY   BE IMPLEMENTED IN ALL FUTURE PLANTS ARE EXPLAINED. (1
DIAGRAM, 2  PHOTOS, 2  TABLES)
[EGY]
0110221    77-023250
NEW LIFE FOR  OLD GARBAGE-RESOURCE AND ENERGY RECOVERY  FROM SOLID
WASTES,
  SCHLOTTMANN ALAN
  UNIV OF TENNESSEE,
  J ENV ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT,  MAR 77,  V4,  Nl,  P57 (11)

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  SURVEY  REPORT   A  REGIONAL  MODEL FOR RESOURCE AND ENERGY RECOVERY FROM
MUNICIPAL  SOLID  WASTES IS DISCUSSED. ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO THE DEFINITION
OF  PROFITS  AND TO THE QUESTION OF WHETHER RESOURCE RECYCLING CAN BE TRULY
REGIONAL  IN   SCOPE  OR  WILL BE LIMITED TO A FEW URBAN AREAS. THE MODEL IS
APPLIED  TO  A  RECOVERY  SYSTEM  IN THE TVA REGION. PRICE VARIABILITY IS A
MAJOR ECONOMIC PROBLEM FOR SMALLER PROPOSED SYSTEMS. (1 MAP, 19 REFERENCES,
2 TABLES)
[EGY]


0108616    77-021711
PROCESSING AND RECYCLING:  PRODUCING END PRODUCTS AND ENERGY,
  FERNANDES J.  H.
  COMBUSTION ENGINEERING INC,
  COMBUSTION,  FEB 77,  V48,  N8,  P7 (7)

  SURVEY  REPORT   LANDFILL,   INCINERATION,  PYROLYSIS,  AND COMPOSTING ARE
DISCUSSED  WITH  EMPHASIS ON COMBUSTIBLE REFUSE. A RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM
IN  FOUR  STAGES  IS DESCRIBED.  THE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM CONSISTS OF
TECHNICALLY  FEASIBLE  PROCESSES.  THE  FUEL  VALUE  IN THE WASTE STREAM IS
RECLAIMED,  AND  FERROUS  AND NONFERROUS METAL AND MORE VALUABLE FIBERS ARE
RECOVERED. TOTAL COST OF THE SYSTEM IS ESTIMATED TO BE $11.65/TON OF WASTE,
LESS THAN NEARLY ANY OTHER DISPOSAL METHOD.  [EGY]
0110971    77-023965
RECOVERY  OF  ENERGY   AND  OTHER  RESOURCES FROM SOLID WASTE: AN ECONOMIC
SYSTEMS EVALUATION,
  STUCKENBRUCK L.  C.  ; KING C.  F.  •
  (UNIV  OF  SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA)   AND;   (PUBLIC  WORKS SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
CONSULTANT, CALIF),
  ENGINEERING & PROCESS ECONOMICS,  1977,  P27 (16)


  SURVEY REPORT  THE  DECISION TO IMPLEMENT AN ENERGY AND RESOURCES RECOVERY
SYSTEM,   USING    THE   ENORMOUS   AMOUNT  OF  SOLID  WASTES  GENERATED  BY
MUNICIPALITIES  THROUGHOUT  THE  U.S.,  MUST  BE  BASED  ON  SOUND ECONOMIC
RESEARCH.  THE TECHNOLOGY AND STATE OF  THE ART OF THE VARIOUS PROCESSES FOR
RECOVERY  OF  ENERGY   AND  RESOURCES FROM  SOLID  WASTES ARE REVIEWED. TWO
PROCESSES THAT APPEAR TO BE THE MOST VIABLE FOR IMPLEMENTATION ARE EXAMINED
IN  DETAIL. THE COSTS OF THE TWO PROCESSES ARE SUMMARIZED, AND THE ECONOMIC
VIABILITY  OF  EACH   IS  EXAMINED.   (3  DIAGRAMS,  5 GRAPHS, 18 REFERENCES, 7
TABLES)
[EGY]

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0124019   *77-006056
RESOURCE RECOVERY:  HOW TO  IDENTIFY AND PIN DOWN MARKETS  FOR
OUTPUTS,
  GERSHMAN HARVEY  W.
  GORDIAN ASSOC  CO, WASH DC,
  SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT,  MAY 77, V20,  N5, P76 (7)

  TECHNICAL   FEATURE    A  MULTIPHASE  MARKETING  PROGRAM  FOR  SOLID  WASTE
MANAGERS   IS DESCRIBED.   BEGINNING  WITH  A  LITERATURE  SURVEY  OF  USBM
DOCUMENTS,  THE  MARKETING  SPECIALIST  GOES  ON  TO DEVELOP A STRATEGY FOR
DRAWING UP LETTERS OF INTENT AND DETERMINING THE PRICE AT WHICH THE PRODUCT
SHOULD  BE  SOLD.   PROXIMITY TO CUSTOMERS, OPERATING SCHEDULES, TIMING, AND
OTHER VARIABLES  ARE CONSIDERED AS PART OF SUCH A PROGRAM. (1 PHOTO)
[ENV]

0125347    78-000495
PRIME CONTRACTORS  FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS,
  RESOURCE RECOVERY & ENERGY REVIEW, MAR-APR 77,  V4, N2, P12 (8)

  TECHNICAL   FEATURE   RESOURCE  RECOVERY  SYSTEMS  HAVE  BEEN  RESEARCHED
INTENSELY BY  SOME  COMPANIES,  WHILE OTHERS HAVE BEEN RELUCTANT TO INVEST THE
HUGE  SUMS  OF   MONEY  REQUIRED  FOR THEM. TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT SUCH
SYSTEMS'   EFFECTIVENESS   AND   FEASIBILITY,  12  COMPANIES  THAT  DESIGN,
CONSTRUCT,  OR OPERATE RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS WERE ASKED TO DESCRIBE THE
ACCOMPLISHMENTS  OF SOME OF THE SYSTEMS,  THE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE VARIOUS
TYPES,  THE   KINDS OF  FUEL EACH SYSTEM MAKES, ITS MANUFACTURERS, EXISTING
INSTALLATIONS, AND THE BEST FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SYSTEM.
[ENV]
0123367    77-005452
BANKROLLERS FOR RECYCLED TRASH,
  BUSINESS WEEK, MAY  16,  77,  N2483,  P50P (3)

  NEWS  FEATURE   SOARING FUEL COSTS AND THE EVER-SHRINKING AVAILABILITY OF
LANDFILL SITES HAVE CREATED A VAST POTENTIAL MARKET FOR PLANTS THAT RECYCLE
MATERIALS  AND  PRODUCE   ENERGY  FROM  TRASH. HOWEVER,  PUBLIC OFFICIALS ARE
GENERALLY  UNWILLING  TO INVEST TAX DOLLARS IN PLANT DESIGNS THAT ARE OFTEN
UNPROVED.  A  FEW  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  COMPANIES  ARE USING THEIR MONEY AND
CREDIT  TO BUILD PLANTS  IN EXCHANGE FOR A GUARANTEE FROM THE CITY OR REGION
TO DELIVER ITS GARBAGE.  INVESTMENT RETURN IS EXPECTED FROM PER TON DISPOSAL
FEES  PAID  BY  LOCALITIES AND  FROM  THE  SALE OF RECOVERED MATERIALS AND
ENERGY.
[ENV]

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0118679    *77-001189
EVENTS OF  THE  PAST YEAR:  SOLID WASTE,
  CEQ 7TH  ANNUAL REPORT,  SEP 76, P56 (10)

  SURVEY   REPORT   CURRENTLY  ABOUT  25  COMMUNITIES HAVE RESOURCE RECOVERY
FACILITIES  IN  OPERATION,   UNDER  CONSTRUCTION,  OR  OUT FOR BID. AT LEAST
ANOTHER  25  HAVE  DESIGN  OR  FEASIBILITY  STUDIES  UNDER WAY. THE SYSTEMS
PLANNED OR OPERATING IN THE U.S. ARE LISTED. EPA GUIDELINES UNDER THE SOLID
WASTE  DISPOSAL  ACT  AMENDMENTS  OF  1970, THE SECONDARY MATERIALS MARKET,
PLASTIC  BOTTLES,   AND  SLUDGE  DISPOSAL  ARE  DISCUSSED  AS  INFLUENCED BY
DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE PAST YEAR. (1 PHOTO, 5 TABLES)
[ENV]


0119498    77-001957
HOW CAN RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAMS BE FINANCED?,
  HUMBER NICHOLAS
  EPA
  RESOURCE RECOVERY & ENERGY REVIEW, SEP-OCT 76, V3, N5, P20 (3)

  SURVEY   REPORT   RESOURCE RECOVERY IS OFTEN APPROACHED ON A DESIGN BASIS;
THE HOPE IS  THAT AFTER A WORKABLE DESIGN IS PERFECTED THE FINANCING WILL BE
FORTHCOMING.   THIS APPROACH RESULTS IN SUBSTANTIAL TIME LOSSES, AND ENDS BY
EVENTUALLY  INCREASING  PROJECT  COSTS  BOTH  IN  SALARIES  AND  LOSSES  TO
INFLATION. GENERAL OBLIGATION AND PROJECT FINANCING ARE DISCUSSED REGARDING
THEIR  EFFECT   ON MAJOR PROJECT FEATURES. COST IMPLICATIONS, DEBT CEILINGS,
AND THE NEED FOR FINANCING AND RISK GUARANTEES ARE REVIEWED.
[ENV]


0103967    76-021740
MUNICIPAL SOLID  WASTE AS  A RESOURCE  FOR ENERGY  RECOVERY AND
CONSERVATION,
  ALTER HARVEY
  NATL CENTER  FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY, WASH DC,
  PRESENTED  AT  INST  OF GAS TECHNOLOGY CONF ON CLEAN FUELS, ORLANDO, FLA,
JAN 27-30, 76,  P59 (18)

  TECHNICAL  REPORT  MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE CAN SUPPLY BOTH AN ENERGY SOURCE
FROM  PROCESSED COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS,  AND RECOVERED GLASS METALS AND OTHER
MATERIALS.   ENERGY  SAVINGS FROM MATERIALS AND FUELS RECOVERY ARE ESTIMATED
BY  A NEW  PROCEDURE.  THE  ENERGY POTENTIAL OF THE WASTE STREAM LIKELY IN THE
FUTURE  IS ANALYZED FROM  IMPLEMENTATION RATES  OF RESOURCE RECOVERY BASED ON
THE  CONVERSION AND  SUBSTITUTION  EFFICIENCIES.  THE  ENERGY  POTENTIALLY
RECOVERABLE  FROM  MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE BY THIS CALCULATION IS ON THE ORDER
OF MAGNITUDE OF 1  MILLION BPD OF OIL.  (3 GRAPHS, 36 REFERENCES, 5 TABLES)
[EGY]

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0120213    77-002572
HOW LONG CAN NATURE PAY THE BILLS?,
  BRICELAND RICHARD H.
  EPA, ILL,
  PRESENTED   AT   SOIL  CONSERVATION  SOCIETY  OF  AMERICA  CONF  ON  LAND
APPLICATION OF WASTE  MATERIALS,  DBS  MOINES,  MAR 15-18, 76, P290 (4)

  FEATURE   ARTICLE     GROWING  AFFLUENCE  IS  INCREASING  THE  PER  CAPITA
GENERATION OF WASTES  ANNUALLY. EVEN  THE SIDES OF MOUNT EVEREST ARE LITTERED
WITH  THE  LEAVINGS   OF  EXPLORATION  TEAMS.  THE  DANGER  TO  THE  NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT  HAS  BEEN  RECOGNIZED. SUCH MEASURES AS RECYCLING AND LANDFILLS
ARE  BEING  USED  TO  HALT  POLLUTION,  AND  NEW METHODS ARE UNDER STUDY TO
IMPROVE  EXISTING  TECHNOLOGY.  APPLICATION OF WASTE MATERIALS, SUCH AS COW
DUNG  AS  A  FERTILIZER OR AS A POSSIBLE ENERGY SOURCE, MUST CONTINUE UNDER
STRICT GOVERNMENTAL SUPERVISION.
[ENV]


0126151   *78-001264
INDUSTRY'S COMMITMENT TO TECHNOLOGY  AND SERVICES,
  VARDY PETER
  WASTE MANAGEMENT,
  PRESENTED  AT  EPA/NSWMA  NATL  CONGRESS ON WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY &
RESOURCE & ENERGY RECOVERY,  DALLAS,  DEC 7-9, 76, P216 (7)

  COMMENTARY   THE  INST.   OF WASTE  TECHNOLOGY WAS ESTABLISHED BY THE NAT'L
SOLID  WASTE  MANAGEMENT  ASSN.   IN   1974 TO PROVIDE A FORUM FOR TECHNOLOGY
ASSESSMENT  AND  PLANNING.   ACTIVITIES OF THREE MAJOR MEMBER COMMITTEES AND
TWO  COUNCILS ARE MENTIONED.  EXPECTATIONS FOR QUICK, COMMERCIAL, FULL SCALE
RESOURCE  RECOVERY  HAVE  BEEN  PREMATURE.  SANITARY  LANDFILL  IS AND WILL
CONTINUE  TO  BE  THE PRIMARY METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL IN THE U.S. AT LEAST
THROUGH THE END OF THE  CENTURY.
0104732    76-022475
ENERGY AND RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTES,
  MALLAN,  G. M.  ; TITLOW E.  I.
  OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH  CORP,  CALIF,
  RESOURCE RECOVERY &  CONSERVATION,  APR 76,  VI,  N3,  P207 (10)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE   THE  OCCIDENTAL ENERGY AND RESOURCE RECOVERY PROCESS
AND THE 1360 TON/DAY FACILITY PLANNED FOR BRIDGEPORT,  CONN., ARE DESCRIBED.
THE  OCCIDENTAL   PYROLYSIS  PROCESS   INVOLVES  THE  RAPID HEATING OF FINELY
SHREDDED  ORGANIC MATERIALS  IN  THE  ABSENCE  OF AIR USING A PROPRIETARY HEAT
EXCHANGE  SYSTEM.  FEED   PREPARATION  AND GLASS  AND  ALUMINUM RECOVERY ARE
DESCRIBED.  UNTIL A   SEMI-AUTOMATED  SYSTEM  IS  DEVELOPED, THE PROCESS IS
FAIRLY  LABOR INTENSIVE;  ECONOMICS OF SCALE  WILL HAVE  AN APPRECIABLE EFFECT
ON OPERATING COSTS. (3 DIAGRAMS,  3 TABLES)
[EGY]

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0125373    *78-000521
IMPLEMENTING  A   BEST  MANAGEMENT  PRACTICES  FOR  RESIDUALS:  THE  WASTE
EXCHANGE,
  VITBERG,  ALAN  K.   ;  PORTER CHRISTOPHER H.; RUCKER MICHAEL L.
  EPA OFFICE OF WATER PLANNING AND STANDARDS,
  EPA WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT REPORT EPA-440/9-76-019,  JUN 76 (27)


  SPECIAL  REPORT   THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT OF 1972 CALLS FOR
PLANNERS   TO  DEVELOP  TECHNIQUES  TO  CONTROL THE DISPOSAL OF ALL RESIDUAL
WASTES  GENERATED WITHIN THE PLANNER'S JURISDICTION THAT COULD AFFECT WATER
QUALITY  AND TO CONTROL THE DISPOSAL OF POLLUTANTS ON LAND OR IN SUBSURFACE
EXCAVATIONS  TO PROTECT GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER QUALITY. THE CONCEPTS
THAT  FORM A  BASIS  FOR A ''BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES'1 PROGRAM ARE: WASTE
REDUCTION,  RESOURCE   CONSERVATION,  AND  ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE DISPOSAL. IN
APPLYING THESE CONCEPTS TO THE PROBLEM AT HAND, PLANNERS FOUND THAT A WASTE
EXCHANGE   SYSTEM   PROVIDED  THE  MOST BENEFICIAL, ECONOMICAL, AND EFFICIENT
WASTE  DISPOSAL   PROGRAM.   THE  WASTE  EXCHANGE PREMISE IS THAT MANY WASTES
CONTAIN VALUABLE  MATERIALS,  SOME OF WHICH ARE IN SHORT SUPPLY, AND THE MOST
EFFICIENT  AND ECONOMICAL MEANS OF DISPOSING OF THESE WASTES IS BY RECYCLING
THE USABLE MATERIAL AND TRANSFERRING IT ''AS IS'1 FROM THE GENERATOR TO THE
USER,  THEREBY  REDUCING  THE  NEED  FOR COSTLY TREATMENT PROCESSES AND THE
INCIDENCE  OF POTENTIALLY HARMFUL DISPOSAL PRACTICES. (5  TABLES)
[ENV]
0126150   *78-001263
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND WASTE  PROCESSING,
  GERSHMAN,   HARVEY  W.   ;  LOWE ROBERT  A.;  ALDRICH ROBERT H.; HOFMANN ROSS
E.; ZALOSH ROBERT G.; LINGLE STEPHEN A.; HOWARD ALDEN H.
  URBAN SERVICES GROUP,
  PRESENTED  AT  EPA/NSWMA  NATL  CONGRESS  ON WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY &
RESOURCE & ENERGY RECOVERY,  DALLAS,  DEC  7-9, 76, P23 (192)

  SURVEY REPORT  RESOURCE  RECOVERY AND WASTE PROCESSING ARE DISCUSSED IN 11
PAPERS  ON  THE  FOLLOWING  TOPICS:   MARKETING  THE  OUTPUTS-ENERGY, FUELS,
MATERIALS;   PROCUREMENT-WHAT   ARE    THE  ESSENTIAL  CONSIDERATIONS?;  THE
FINANCE-ABILITY AND THE FINANCING OPTIONS FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY; RECOVERING
ENERGY  ONSITE-THE  EMERGING  ROLE  OF  MODULAR  INCINERATOR-HEAT  RECOVERY
SYSTEMS;  EXPLOSION  PROTECTION  IN  REFUSE  SHREDDING; WHAT ABOUT THE USE OF
SUPPLEMENTAL   FUELS?;   PITFALLS   IN   PLANNING-THE   ENERGY  PURCHASER'S
STANDPOINT;  SOURCE REDUCTION AND SEPARATION-IMPACT ON RECOVERY FACILITIES;
REGIONALIZATION-ITS   ROLE  IN  RESOURCE RECOVERY;  SOUTH  CHARLESTON,  W.
VA.-IN-DEPTH  CASE STUDY;  AND SAUGUS OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE. (6 DIAGRAMS, 3
GRAPHS, 6 PHOTOS, 35 REFERENCES,  33  TABLES)
[ENV]

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0109836     76-001365
RECYCLING-A NATIONWIDE CONCERN,
  HENSTOCK  M.
  UNIV OF NOTTINGHAM,  UK,
  RESOURCES POLICY,  DEC 74, VI, N2,  PI15 (5)

  NEWS  ANALYSIS    IN   THE  SMALL  COMMUNITIES  OF  THE  U.S., RECYCLING IS
SPREADING.  A   GOOD DEAL  OF  COUNTER-PROPAGANDA IS ISSUED BY THE INST. OF
SCRAP  IRON AND   STEEL,   INC.,  WHICH  STRENUOUSLY  DEMANDS  THAT RECYCLED
MATERIALS   COMPETE   WITH  NATURAL  RESOURCES.  HOWEVER,  CONSERVATION  OF
MATERIALS   WAS  ALREADY  BEING OFFERED ON THE CURRICULUM AT MIT AS EARLY AS
1971. RECYCLING AT THE GOVERNMENTAL AND PRIVATE INDUSTRY LEVELS IN THE U.S.
IS REVIEWED.
[ENV]
0109020   *76-000649
PLASTICS WASTE MANAGEMENT,
  BAUM BERNARD  ;  PARKER CHARLES H.
  (DEBELL & RICHARDSON INC,  CONN)  AND,
  DEBELL & RICHARDSON RESEARCH REPORT, OCT 74 (125)


  SPECIAL  REPORT  PLASTICS USED IN PACKAGING ACCOUNT FOR 60% OF ALL SOLID
WASTE  PLASTICS.  MANY OF THE OTHER PLASTICS CONSUMED ARE THE MORE PERMANENT
OR SEMIPERMANENT  TYPE.  OF THE PLASTICS RECYCLED THROUGH REPROCESSORS, ABOUT
55%  COMES  FROM  RESIN  PRODUCERS,   30%  FROM  FABRICATORS,  AND  15% FROM
CONVERTORS.  ONLY  15% OF THE WASTE GENERATED IN PLASTICS PRODUCTION IS NOT
RECYCLED.  GENERALLY,   SCRAP  PRODUCTS  HAVE  TO  BE  CONSUMED  IN  AN  END
APPLICATION  HAVING  WIDER  SPECIFICATION  REQUIREMENTS  THAN  THE PRODUCTS
YIELDING  THE  SCRAP.   THE   ADAPTABILITY  OF  ALL  INCINERATION OR LANDFILL
METHODS  TO  RECOVER  ENERGY  EFFICIENTLY IS EXAMINED. OTHER METHODS OF WASTE
MANAGEMENT,  INCLUDING  PYROLYSIS,  ARE  INVESTIGATED.  RECYCLING,  PRODUCT
RECOVERY, AND RESOURCE RECOVERY ARE REVIEWED. SOME OF THE RECENT ACTIVITIES
IN  PLASTICS  SOLID  WASTE   MANAGEMENT  INCLUDE:  DESIGNING  FOR  DISPOSAL;
DESIGNING  FOR TAX  INCENTIVES; ENERGY LIMITATIONS OF RECYCLING; AND METHODS
FOR PREIDENTIFICATION OF THE PLASTICS IN A GIVEN ARTICLE DURING FABRICATION
OR  AT  LEAST  PRIOR   TO  DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  FINISHED ARTICLE. RELEVANT
LEGISLATION IS REVIEWED.  (NUMEROUS REFERENCES)
[ENV]
0102506   *75-002474
SYNTHETIC  AGGREGATE   FROM  INCINERATOR  RESIDUE  BY  A CONTINUOUS FUSION
PROCESS,
  PINDZOLA,  D.  ; CHOU R.  C.   FRANKLIN INST RESEARCH LABS, PHILADELPHIA,
  NTIS REPORT  PB-234  194/9WP,  APR 74  (64)

-------
  SPECIAL REPORT  A PILOT PLANT DEMONSTRATION WAS CONDUCTED ON A SIMPLE AND
INEXPENSIVE SYSTEM FOR  CONVERTING MUNICIPAL INCINERATOR RESIDUES INTO DENSE
ROAD AGGREGATES. RESIDUES WERE HAMMER-MILLED, BURNED OUT,  AND RAPIDLY FUSED
IN  A  CONTINUOUS  MANNER,   THEN COOLED AND CRUSHED TO PRODUCE GOOD QUALITY
ROAD  AGGREGATE  FOR  USE  IN BITUMINOUS CONCRETE. RESIDUAL ALUMINUM IN THE
CRUSHED  AGGREGATE  WOULD  PRESENTLY  PRECLUDE  ITS  DIRECT USE IN PORTLAND
CEMENT  CONCRETE. FULL-SCALE PLANT DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATES WERE PREPARED.
THESE SHOW THAT THE COMPLETE RESIDUE FUSION SYSTEM PRODUCING 120 TON/DAY OF
AGGREGATE WITH A TYPICAL 600 TON/DAY EFUSE INCINERATOR WOULD COST $300,000.
OPERATING  COSTS FOR   THE AGGREGATE  PLANT INCLUDING  CAPITAL
CHARGES COULD BE $4-5/TON OF AGGREGATE,

-------
-RECYCLING

  ENERGY/FUEL RECOVERY
0151429    *86-034804
WASTE  PRODUCTS UTILIZATION PRODUCTS,
  FAIRMONT:  ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES: IMPROVING INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY, MAR 85,
P27(30)

  BOOK   PROJECTS  HAVE  BEEN  COMPLETED  OR  ARE UNDERWAY TO ADVANCE WASTE
PRODUCTS   UTILIZATION APPROACHES FOR INDUSTRIAL SECTOR ENERGY CONSERVATION.
A  PYROLYTIC  PROCESS THAT CONVERTS ATACTIC POLYPROPYLENE WASTE TO FUEL OIL
WAS  DEVELOPED  FOR USE IN THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY. A BRAYTON-CYCLE HEAT PUMP
DESIGNED   TO  RECOVER  VOLATILE  ORGANIC  SOLVENTS  FROM  WASTE  VAPORS  IS
DESCRIBED.   ALSO  REPORTED  ARE  RESEARCH  EFFORTS  ADDRESSING  WASTE  TIRE
COMBUSTION,   LOW  ENERGY  CEMENT  PRODUCTION,  ENERGY  RECOVERY FROM FOREST
RESIDUES   LIQUID FUEL FROM WASTE CELLULOSE, AND REREFINING OF WASTE OIL.  (8
DIAGRAMS,  25 REFERENCES, 3 TABLES, )
[EGY]
0121037    *79-024114
ENERGY FROM  BIOMASS WASTES,
  LOHUIS D.  J.
  PRESENTED  AT ASSN OF ENERGY ENGINEERS WORLD ENERGY ENGINEERING 1ST CONF,
ATLANTA, OCT 31-NOV 2,  78,  P150 (5)

  SURVEY   REPORT    THE   AMOUNT  OF  BIOMASS WASTES PRODUCED ANNUALLY IN THE
U.S.,  INCLUDING   CROP   WASTES,  ANIMAL AND POULTRY MANURE, MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTES,  AND FORESTRY RESIDUES, ARE ESTIMATED. AMOUNTS OF THESE WASTES THAT
ARE  ALREADY COLLECTED  OR ARE READILY COLLECTIBLE ARE DETERMINED. DESCRIBED
ARE  PROCESSING  TECHNIQUES  THAT  HAVE  BEEN  DEVELOPED FOR APPLICATION TO
MUNICIPAL  SOLID   WASTE  TO PERMIT SEPARATION OF A REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL THAT
CAN  BE  CO-COMBUSTED  WITH  COAL,  OR  OTHERWISE  USED AS A FUEL. ADVANCED
THERMAL  PROCESSES  FOR  UTILIZATION  OF  BIOMASS,  INCLUDING PYROLYSIS AND
GASIFICATION, ARE  DESCRIBED.  (1 GRAPH, 13 REFERENCES, 1 TABLE)
[EGY]
0120583   *79-023683
WASTE-TO-ENERGY CONTRACTS  COVER A HOST OF LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
ISSUES,
  SWINEHART,  GLENN A.  ; SANDERS WHITNEY A.
  SANDERS & THOMAS INC,  PA,
  SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT, JUN 79,  V22,  N6,  P56 (3)

-------
  TECHNICAL  FEATURE   DESCRIBED ARE THE FACTORS THAT NEED TO BE CONSIDERED
DURING  FORMATION OF CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR BRINGING A WASTE-TO-ENERGY
PROJECT  FROM  THE  HYPOTHETICAL STAGE TO SUCCESSFUL OPERATION. THE PRIMARY
CONTRACTING  PARTIES  MAY  INCLUDE:  THE  OWNER  OR SPONSOR OF THE RESOURCE
RECOVERY   FACILITY;  ENERGY  CUSTOMERS;  PUBLIC  REFUSE  COLLECTION  SYSTEM
OWNERS;   PRIVATE  HAULERS  AND  COLLECTORS; PRIVATE PURCHASERS OF RECOVERED
MATERIALS;  CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS; AND PRIVATE DESIGNERS AND OPERATORS OF
THE  FACILITY.   PRE-CONTRACT FEASIBILITY STUDIES ARE DESCRIBED. CONTRACTUAL
WASTE   AND  ENERGY  ARRANGEMENTS  ARE DISCUSSED. ALSO CONSIDERED ARE: WASTE
SUPPLY  AND ASH REMOVAL CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS; FUNDING ARRANGEMENTS; AND
CONSULTANT CONTRACTS.  (3 PHOTOS)
[EGY]


0119776    *79-022922
FINANCING DISPERSED GENERATION PROJECTS,
  FELDMAN,   ROGER D. ; GIORDANO GERARD
  LEBOEUF,  LAMB,  LEIBY,  & MACRAE, WASH DC,
  PUBLIC  POWER,  MAR-APR 79, V37, N2, P31 (5)

  SURVEY   REPORT   WAYS  FOR  PUBLICLY-OWNED  UTILITIES  TO DIVERSIFY POWER
GENERATION  SOURCES  ARE  DISCUSSED.  AVAILABLE  ENERGY-EFFICIENT DISPERSED
TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDE  COGENERATION  OF  POWER,  RESOURCE RECOVERY, AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF  INTEGRATED COMMUNITY SYSTEMS. PROVISIONS OF THE NAT'L ENERGY
POLICY  ACT  OF  1978  THAT  ENCOURAGE  THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISPERSED ENERGY
SOURCES   ARE REVIEWED.   REGULATIONS AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVES WILL HEIGHTEN
INDUSTRY'S   INTEREST IN ENERGY COGENERATION. FOR MUNICIPAL UTILITIES, SOLID
WASTE  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  PROGRAMS  MAY BE APPLICABLE TO COGENERATION WITH
BIOMASS   POWER   SYSTEMS.  DISPERSED  PROJECTS  CAN BE FINANCED WITH GENERAL
OBLIGATION BONDS,  REVENUE BONDS, OR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BONDS.
[EGY]
0119423   *79-022569
CONVERSION OF URBAN WASTE TO ENERGY: DEVELOPING AND INTRODUCING ALTERNATE
FUELS FROM MUNICIPAL  SOLID WASTE,
  GAO REPORT EMD-79-7,  FEE 28,  79  (115)

  SPECIAL   REPORT    MUNICIPAL SOLID  WASTE  IS  A  PROMISING,  VIRTUALLY
INEXHAUSTIBLE DOMESTIC  ENERGY SOURCE.  TECHNOLOGIES TO CONVERT SUCH WASTE TO
ENERGY  ARE  AVAILABLE,   AND URBAN WASTE-TO-ENERGY SYSTEMS COULD SUPPLEMENT
U.S.  ENERGY  SUPPLIES   AND  HELP   TO   RESOLVE  MATERIAL RESOURCE AND WASTE
DISPOSAL PROBLEMS.  DISCUSSED ARE THE STATUS AND BENEFITS OF AND BARRIERS TO
WASTE-TO-ENERGY SYSTEMS  IMPLEMENTATION.  DOE AND EPA R&D PROGRAMS CONCERNING
WASTE-TO-ENERGY   TECHNOLOGIES   ARE   DESCRIBED.  IF  TECHNOLOGICALLY  AND
ECONOMICALLY VIABLE WASTE-TO-ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS ARE TO BE USED ON AN
ACCELERATED  SCALE  IN   THE  NEAR  FUTURE,  A MORE ACTIVE ROLE BY THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT  IS  REQUIRED.   IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT EPA DEVELOP AND SUBMIT TO
CONGRESS  A  DETAILED TEN-YEAR PLAN   DESCRIBING A SPECIFIC STRATEGY FOR A
FEDERAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY  PROGRAM.  (NUMEROUS TABLES)
[EGY]

-------
0117905     79-021124
URBAN WASTES AS  AN ENERGY SOURCE,
  KUESTER JAMES  L.
  ARIZONA STATE  UNIV,

  PRESENTED AT ARIZONA STATE UNIV ENERGY SYSTEMS SYM, TEMPE, 1978, P75  (4)
  SURVEY  REPORT  IT  IS PREDICTED THAT 60,000 MW OF ELECTRICAL CAPACITY CAN
BE  OBTAINED  FROM 0.5  X  109  TPY OF REFUSE BY THE YEAR 2000. CONVERSION
PROCESS  OPTIONS  ARE  DESCRIBED. A LIST OF INSTALLED OR PROJECTED RESOURCE
RECOVERY SYSTEMS IS INCLUDED. LARGE-SCALE RECOVERY OF URBAN REFUSE SEEMS TO
BE  INEVITABLE.  THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ENERGY THAT CAN BE OBTAINED FROM REFUSE
IS LIMITED.  (1 DIAGRAM,  2 GRAPHS, 2 TABLES)
[EGY]
0113690    78-022119
SOLID WASTE AND COAL  FIRING IN INDUSTRIAL BOILERS,
  FERNANDES,  JOHN H.  ;  PROHAZKA GEORGE J.
  COMBUSTION ENGINEERING,  CONN,
  PRESENTED  AT  US DEPT OF ENERGY/AGA/NCA/EPRI 5TH ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CONF,
WASH DC, FEB 27-MAR 1,  78,  P882  (7)

  TECHNICAL  REPORT   A RESOURCE  RECOVERY  SYSTEM WILL RECOVER 95% OF THE
COMBUSTIBLE  MATERIAL  IN   RAW  REFUSE  AND INCREASE THE HEATING VALUE FROM
ABOUT  4700  BTU/LB   TO ABOUT  5900  BTU/LB. THE MOST FAVORABLE WAY TO USE
REFUSE  DERIVED  FUEL  IS   AS  SUPPLEMENTARY  FUEL  IN  AN EXISTING BOILER.
SUSPENSION  BURNING,  SEMI-SUSPENSION FIRING IN SPREADER STOKER BOILERS, THE
REFUSE   DERIVED  FUEL-COAL  RATIO,  EXPECTED  PERFORMANCES,  ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSIDERATIONS, AND STACK  GAS CLEANUP EQUIPMENT ARE DESCRIBED. ABOUT 2.3 LB
OF  REFUSE-DERIVED  FUEL  WILL  CONSERVE  ONE POUND OF COAL.  (4 DIAGRAMS, 1
PHOTO, 8 TABLES)  [EGY]
0113689    78-022118
ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTE,
  BERNHEISEL J. F.
  NATL CENTER FOR RESOURCE  RECOVERY,  WASH DC,
 • PRESENTED  AT  US DEPT  OF ENERGY/AGA/NCA/EPRI 5TH ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CONF,
WASH DC, FEB 27-MAR 1,  78,  P808  (9)

  SURVEY  REPORT  URBAN WASTE IS ESTIMATED AT APPROXIMATELY 94 MILLION TONS
IN  1975.  USE  OF  RECOVERY MATERIALS FROM THE 1975 TOTAL COULD HAVE SAVED
0.47  1015  BTU.  THE   COMBUSTIBLE  PORTION  HAD  A POTENTIAL OF 0.846 1015
AVAILABLE  BTU.  INCINERATION,   REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL, AND LIQUID AND GASEOUS
FUELS  FROM  PYROLYSIS  ARE  EXPLAINED.   ABOUT  1  Q OF THE NATION'S ENERGY
REQUIREMENT COULD BE DISPLACED IF URBAN WASTE WERE FULLY USED. (3 DIAGRAMS,
3 TABLES)
[EGY]

-------
0117876    79-021095
ENERGY FROM URBAN  RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS,
  CONN W. DAVID
  UNIV OF CALIFORNIA,  LOS ANGELES,
  PRESENTED  AT  ENERGY  USE  MANAGEMENT  INTL CONF, TUCSON, OCT 24-28, 77,
V3-4, P787 (8)

  TECHNICAL REPORT WASTE MAY BE REDUCED AT ITS SOURCE BY CHANGING PATTERNS
OF PRODUCTION AND  CONSUMPTION.  WASTE REDUCTION METHODS INCLUDE: USING FEWER
MATERIALS  PER UNIT OF PRODUCT; MAKING PRODUCTS LAST LONGER; MAKING GREATER
USE  OF REUSABLE RATHER THAN DISPOSABLE PRODUCTS; AND DIRECTLY REDUCING THE
DEMAND  FOR  MATERIAL  GOODS. RESOURCE RECOVERY INVOLVES BOTH RECYCLING USED
PRODUCTS  AND  RECOVERING PRODUCTION WASTES FOR REUSE. THE POTENTIAL ENERGY
IMPLICATIONS  OF   USING  EITHER  OR  BOTH  OF  THESE  METHODS TO COMBAT THE
EVER-INCREASING  MUNICIPAL  SOLID  WASTE PROBLEM ARE DISCUSSED. BARRIERS TO
THE  IMPLEMENTATION  OF  THESE METHODS ARE REVIEWED. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF
THE  RECENTLY  ENACTED  RESOURCE  CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT OF 1976 ARE
PRESENTED. (17 REFERENCES)


0110247    77-023276
ART  OF TURNING  WASTE INTO  USEFUL FUEL  GAINS  IN POPULARITY
RAPIDLY,
  GALLESE LIZ ROMAN
  WALL STREET J, AUG 4, 77,  PI

  NEWS  FEATURE  RESOURCE RECOVERY-THE ART OF TRANSFORMING SOLID WASTE INTO
VALUABLE  FUEL-IS  GAINING  POPULARITY  RAPIDLY.  SOME  COMPANIES,  SUCH AS
WHEELABRATOR-FRYE,  UOP,   INC.,  AND GRUMMAN CORP., HAVE LICENSED DEVELOPED
FOREIGN  TECHNOLOGIES   THAT  INVOLVE  INCINERATION  AND  PRODUCE  STEAM FOR
ELECTRICITY,  HEAT,  OR  COOLING.  OTHERS,  INCLUDING THE AMERICAN CAN CO.,
RAYTHEON  CO., COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT ASSOC.,  AND OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORP.,
ARE EXPERIMENTING  WITH NEWER,  MORE COMPLEX SYSTEMS. INTEREST IN SUCH PLANTS
IS  BEING  SPURRRED  BY  RAPIDLY  RISING  COSTS  FOR LANDFILL SPACE AND FOR
ENERGY, BUT PROBLEMS ARE FORMIDABLE.
[EGY]
0104737    76-022480
ENERGY  FROM  REFUSE BY  BYCONVERSION,  FERMENTATION,  AND RESIDUE DISPOSAL
PROCESSES,
  PFEFFER,  JOHN T. ; LIEBMAN  JON C.
  UNIV OF ILLINOIS,
  RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, APR 76,  VI,  N3,  P295 (19)

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  TECHNICAL  REPORT   THE  RATE  AND  QUANTITY  OF  METHANE  PRODUCTION  BY
ANAEROBIC   FERMENTATION  AT  VARIOUS OPERATING TEMPERATURES ARE DETERMINED.
SPENT   FERMENTATION  SOLIDS CAN BE DEWATERED TO A SUFFICIENTLY LOW MOISTURE
CONTENT SUCH THAT INCINERATION IS SELF-SUSTAINING. THE INCINERATION SYSTEM
IS EVALUATED TO DETERMINE THE POSSIBLE ENERGY RECOVERY FROM THE SPENT CAKE,
AND  A   PROCESS  FOR  TREATING  THE  LIQUID  SLOWDOWN  FROM  THE  SYSTEM IS
DEVELOPED.   A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF THE TOTAL SYSTEM IS CONSTRUCTED. A
PLANT   PROCESSING 908 METRIC TON/DAY OF REFUSE WILL PRODUCE 3905 CU M/HR OF
METHANE.  IF  THE  METHANE  IS MARKETED FOR $3.50/100 CU M, THE SYSTEM WILL
REQUIRE A  DUMP FEE FOR REFUSE DISPOSAL IN EXCESS OF $5.34/METRIC TON. SALE
OF  RECOVERED STEAM FROM THE INCINERATION OF SPENT CAKE CAN REDUCE THE DUMP
FEE  BY ABOUT $3.  RECOVERY OF JUST METHANE PROVIDES AN EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY
RECOVERY  OF  32.6%,   WHICH CAN BE INCREASED TO 63.4% IF THE STEAM FROM THE
INCINERATOR CAN BE SOLD.  (1 DIAGRAM, 5 GRAPHS, 13 TABLES)
[EGY]
0105494    76-023218
THE NORTH SHORE REFUSE  ENERGY SYSTEM,
  MACADAM W. K.
  WHEELABRATOR-FRYE,  NH,
  CHEMICAL ENGINEERING  PROGRESS,  MAY 76, V72, N5,  P79 (4)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE    A   STEAM  GENERATING  PLANT THAT RECOVERS ENERGY AND
MATERIALS  FROM  MUNICIPAL  SOLID  WASTE  IN  SAUGUS, MASS., IS DESIGNED TO
DISPOSE OF AN AVERAGE 1200 TON/DAY OF REFUSE COLLECTED FROM 16 COMMUNITIES.
ENERGY  WILL  BE  PROVIDED  TO A NEARBY INDUSTRIAL PLANT FOR ELECTRIC POWER
GENERATION,  HEATING,   AND  PLANT  PROCESSING.  THE  $35 MILLION PROJECT IS
EXPECTED TO SAVE 17 MILLION GAL/YR OF OIL.  (3 DIAGRAMS,  1 DRAWING, 1 PHOTO)
[EGY]


0107056    77-020208
RESOURCE RECOVERY PLANT IMPLEMENTATION: TECHNOLOGIES,
  LEVY STEVEN J. ; RIGO H. GREGOR
  (EPA), AND; (SYSTEMS  TECHNOLOGY CO, OHIO),
  EPA REPORT SW-157.2,  1976 (84)

  SPECIAL  REPORT   THE RECENT EMERGENCE OF TECHNIQUES FOR CONVERTING MIXED
MUNICIPAL  WASTE  INTO  MARKETABLE PRODUCTS  HAS GIVEN MUNICIPAL AND REGIONAL
OFFICIALS  VARIOUS  NEW  OPTIONS   FOR  SOLVING THEIR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PROBLEMS. MANY OF THESE NEW PROCESSES ARE QUICKLY BECOMING COMPETITIVE WITH
SANITARY  LANDFILL  METHODS.   SOME EXAMPLES OF ENERGY RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES
INCLUDE:   WATERWALL    COMBUSTION   SYSTEMS,   SOLID-DERIVED  FUEL  SYSTEMS,
PYROLYSIS  SYSTEMS,   BIOLOGICAL  CONVERSION  SYSTEMS,  AND  WASTE-FIRED GAS
TURBINES.   PROCESS   DESCRIPTION,   PRODUCT   CHARACTERISTICS,  STATUS  OF
DEVELOPMENT, AND ENERGY BALANCE ARE OUTLINED FOR EACH TECHNIQUE. COMBUSTION
OF  SOLID WASTE ON MECHANICAL GRATES IN WATERWALL FURNACES TO RECOVER STEAM
IS  THE MOST THOROUGHLY PROVED OF THE ABOVE RESOURCE RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES.
(22 DIAGRAMS, 5 TABLES)
[EGY]

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0104736     76-022479
AN EVALUATION OF METHANE PRODUCTION FROM SOLID WASTE,
  KISPERT,   R.  G.  ; SADEK S. E.; WISE D. L.
  DYNATECH  CORP,  MASS,
  RESOURCE  RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, APR 76, VI, N3, P245  (11)

  SURVEY  REPORT   A  TECHNICAL  AND  ECONOMIC  EVALUATION  OF A PROCESS TO
CONVERT MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TO METHANE IS CONDUCTED BASED ON A CONCEPTUAL
DESIGN FOR  A 907 METRIC TON/DAY FACILITY. THE PROCESS DESIGN IS TECHNICALLY
WITHIN  THE  STATE  OF  THE ART, ALTHOUGH ECONOMICALLY ACCEPTABLE OPERATING
PARAMETERS   ARE  AT  THE  UPPER  LIMIT  OF TODAY'S CAPABILITIES. CALCULATED
BASELINE  GAS  COST  OF $0.74 CU M IS ECONOMICALLY ACCEPTABLE WHEN COMPARED
WITH   COSTS   OF  SYNTHETIC  GAS  OR  ALTERNATIVE  FUELS.  PRIORITIES  ARE
ESTABLISHED   TO  DEMONSTRATE  THE  PROCESS'S  COMMERCIAL  FEASIBILITY.  (1
DIAGRAM,  2  MAPS,  22 REFERENCES, 2 TABLES)
[EGY]


0110160     77-023189
MUNICIPAL REFUSE-AN ALTERNATE ENERGY RESOURCE IN POWER PLANTS,
  CHO PAUL  ;  CHAMBERS JAMES H.
  (FEA, CHICAGO),  AND;  (EPA, CHICAGO),
  PRESENTED  AT  AICHE/APCA ENERGY & THE ENV 4TH NATL CONF, CINCINNATI, OCT
3-7, 76,  P204  (8)

  SURVEY  REPORT  A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IN ST. LOUIS HAS PROVIDED THE MOST
CONVINCING   EVIDENCE TO  DATE  OF  THE  TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY OF CO-FIRING
COMBUSTIBLE   WASTE  AND  COAL.  GASEOUS  EMISSIONS  ARE  NOT  SIGNIFICANTLY
AFFECTED  BY  THE COMBINED FIRING.  OTHER MAJOR FACILITIES ARE SCHEDULED FOR
OPERATION  IN   MILWAUKEE AND CHICAGO. THE TWO PROJECTS AND A WASTE RECOVERY
FACILITY  IN AMES,  IOWA,  THAT HAS ADDED SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF
RESOURCE  RECOVERY  TECHNOLOGY,  ARE  DESCRIBED.   ENERGY  RECOVERY  THROUGH
MUNICIPAL REFUSE  SYSTEMS  IN MONTROE COUNTY, N.Y.,  AND BRIDGEPORT, CONN.,
AND  GENERAL PYROLYSIS  EFFORTS  ARE MENTIONED.  BY 1983, ABOUT 4.2 MILLION.
TON/YR  OF REFUSE WILL  BE BURNED IN POWER PLANTS AS SUPPLEMENTAL FUEL, THUS
SAVING AT LEAST 2.1 MILLION TON/YR OF COAL.  (1 DIAGRAM)
[EGY]

0107841    77-020969
A REVIEW  OF  ENERGY RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES,
  LEVY,   STEVEN J.  ;  LINGLE STEPHEN A.
  WASTE AGE, NOV  76,  V7,  Nil,  P26 (4)

  SURVEY  REPORT    WATERWALL  COMBUSTION SYSTEMS,  REFUSE DERIVED SOLID FUEL
SYSTEMS,  PYROLYSIS  SYSTEMS,   AND  BIOCONVERSION  SYSTEMS ARE EVALUATED AS
ENERGY  RECOVERY   TECHNOLOGIES. MOST RESOURCE RECOVERY TECHNIQUES ARE STILL
IN AN EARLY  STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT AND ARE, THUS, OFTEN UNRELIABLE AS WORKING
RECOVERY  SYSTEMS.   IN  ADDITION,  THE TECHNOLOGIES TEND TO BE COMPLEX AND TO
REQUIRE   HIGHLY COMPTETENT DESIGN,  ENGINEERING, AND OPERATION. A CITY MUST,
THEREFORE,  CAREFULLY  EXAMINE  THE  COMPETENCE  OF  PROSPECTIVE DESIGNERS.
HOWEVER,  IF UNCERTAINTIES ABOUT A PARTICULAR TECHNOLOGY ARE WELL-EVALUATED
BEFOREHAND,  ADOPTING AN ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM CAN BE A PROFITABLE VENTURE.
(2 PHOTOS, 2 TABLES)
[EGY]

-------
0127636    *78-002609
1'CO-DISPOSAL1•  FOR SOLID WASTES AND SEWAGE SLUDGE,
  SUSSMAN  DAVID
  EPA RESOURCE RECOVERY DIV,
  WASTE AGE,  JUL 77, V8,  N7, P44 (3)


  TECHNICAL  FEATURE   ''CODISPOSAL1'  IS A THERMAL PROCESS THAT CAN COMBINE
TWO  DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND PRODUCE ENERGY AT THE SAME TIME. ENERGY PRODUCED
FROM THE COMBUSTION OF SOLID WASTES IS USED TO DEWATER WASTEWATER TREATMENT
PLANT  SLUDGE TO  THE POINT AT WHICH THE SLUDGE CAN BURN WITHOUT AUXILIARY
FUEL.  TWO APPROACHES TO CODISPOSAL ARE DISCUSSED: SLUDGE INCINERATION, AND
THE  USE   OF  A  SOLID WASTE INCINERATOR AS THE VOLUME REDUCTION UNIT. OTHER
CODISPOSAL TECHNIQUES IN CONNECTICUT, NEW YORK, FRANCE, AND W. GERMANY ARE
MENTIONED.  ALTHOUGH MORE RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION ARE NEEDED, THE TREND
TOWARD  INTEGRATED WASTE FACILITIES SHOULD INCREASE BECAUSE OF THE PROBABLE
ECONOMIC   ADVANTAGES  OF  A  COMBINED  TECHNIQUE  AND  NEW  FUEL AND ENERGY
SOURCES.
0126896    78-001964
SATELLITE PROCESSING  FACILITIES:  A  NEW SOLID  WASTE  PLANNING
CONCEPT,
  BROWN DAVID S.
  FLAHERTY GIAVARA ASSOC,  CONN,
  RESOURCE RECOVERY & ENERGY REVIEW, FALL 77, V4,  N4, P20 (2)

  FEATURE  ARTICLE   A   NEW,   REGIONAL  AND  STATEWIDE SOLID WASTE PLANNING
CONCEPT  WAS  DEVELOPED  DURING  A 10 CITY REGIONAL STUDY PERFORMED FOR THE
CONNECTICUT   DEPT.  OF  ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION.  THE  IDEA  FOCUSES  ON
CONSTRUCTION   OF   SATELLITE   PROCESSING   AND   RECOVERY  FACILITIES.  A.
MULTI-REGION  ENERGY  RECOVERY  FACILITY  WOULD  SERVE AREA TOWNS. ADJACENT
SOLID  WASTE  MANAGEMENT  AREAS   WOULD  HAVE THEIR OWN FRONT-END PROCESSING
FACILITY,  WHICH  WOULD ONLY TRANSPORT LIGHT FRACTIONS. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
ARE DISCUSSED. (2 DIAGRAMS,  1 TABLE)
[ENV]
0107085    77-020237
ENERGY FROM SOLID WASTE: THE PROMISE,  THE POTENTIAL,
  DOUCET LAWRENCE G.
  SYSKA & HENNESSY, NY,
  SPECIFYING ENGINEER, DEC  76,  V36,  N6,  P110 (8)

-------
  TECHNICAL  FEATURE    ABOUT  250  MILLION  TONS OF THE 4.3 BILLION TONS OF
SOLID  WASTE GENERATED ANNUALLY IN THE U.S. IS MUNICIPAL REFUSE. TECHNOLOGY
IS  NOW AVAILABLE  FOR CONVERTING THIS WASTE TO CLEAN BURNING, STORABLE, AND
TRANSPORTABLE  LIQUID,   SOLID,  AND GASEOUS FUELS. IT CAN ALSO BE BURNED TO
PRODUCE  STEAM   FOR  HEATING  OR GENERATING ELECTRICITY. ELECTRIC UTILITIES
OPERATING  STEAM-ELECTRIC  PLANTS  FIRED  BY  FOSSIL  FUELS  ARE  THE  MOST
PROMISING MARKET FOR  SOLID WASTE FUELS AS THEY USE LARGE QUANTITIES OF FUEL
AND ARE OFTEN LOCATED NEAR AN URBAN AREA WHERE LARGE AMOUNTS OF SOLID WASTE
ARE  GENERATED.  THEORETICALLY,  IF  ALL  U.S.  MUNICIPAL  SOLID WASTE WERE
CONVERTED INTO ENERGY,  ABOUT 2.5 QUADRILLION BTU/YR WOULD BE GENERATED; THE
EQUIVALENT  TO   OVER   1 MILLION BPD OF LOW SULFUR OIL. PROCESSING WASTE FOR
ENERGY,  SUCH  CHEMICAL/BIOCHEMICAL  PROCESSES  AS ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, AND
DIFFERENT USES FOR THE ENERGY ARE DISCUSSED.  (4 DIAGRAMS, 2 TABLES)
[EGY]
0107065    77-020217
AN  ANALYSIS  OF  THE  ROLE .OF  ENERGY  IN  SOLID  WASTE UTILIZATION AND
DISPOSAL,
  JONES,  WALTER H.   ;  NORTH PAUL; NOVOSAD ROBERT
  UNIV OF WEST FLORIDA,
  PRESENTED  AT  IES  ENV TECHNOLOGY CONF, PHILADELPHIA, APR 26-28, 76, P509
(7)

  TECHNICAL  REPORT   COMBUSTION OF SOLID WASTE MATERIALS TO PRODUCE ENERGY
COULD  CONTRIBUTE TO  THE U.S.  ENERGY SUPPLY, AND IN ADDITION AID IN SOLVING
THE  SOLID  WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM. THE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF FLORIDA'S SOLID
WASTES  ACCORDING  TO  ALTERNATIVE  DISPOSAL  AND  UTILIZATION  POLICIES IS
EXAMINED. A FEW PROMISING COMBUSTION PROCESSES ARE IDENTIFIED, AND WHEN AND
WHERE  ENERGY RECOVERY  ARE PRACTICAL IN FLORIDA ARE DISCUSSED. ECONOMICS OF
WASTE COMBUSTION ARE  CONSIDERED. FLORIDA'S SOLID WASTES ENERGY POTENTIAL IS
LARGE  ENOUGH  TO  FAVOR  COMBUSTION  OVER  OTHER  WASTE  DISPOSAL METHODS.
SPECIFIC  PROCESSES   MUST  BE   SELECTED ON A REGIONAL BASIS. (2 DIAGRAMS, 1
GRAPH, 2 REFERENCES,  3  TABLES)
[EGY]
0105523    76-023247
FLASH PYROLYSIS TURNS REFUSE INTO FUEL,
  MALLAN GEORGE M.
  OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH CORP,
  CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, JUL 19,  76,  V83,  N15,  P90 (2)

-------
  TECHNICAL   FEATURE   AN OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORP. DEMONSTRATION PLANT IN
EL  CAJON,   CALIF.,   WILL  BEGIN CONVERTING 200 TON/DAY OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE
INTO   7200-9600   GPD  OF FUEL OIL. FERROUS METALS, ALUMINUM, AND GLASS WILL
ALSO  BE RECOVERED.  WHEN FULLY OPERATIONAL, THE FACILITY WILL BE TURNED OVER
TO SAN DIEGO COUNTY, WHICH IS INVESTING $2 MILLION IN THE PROJECT COST. EPA
IS  PROVIDING $4.2  MILLION AND THE OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORP. IS PROVIDING
$8.5  MILLION.  (1  GRAPH)
[EGY]


0116454   *76-007495
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND FLASH PYROLYSIS OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE,
  PRESTON G.  T.
  OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH CORP, CALIF,
  WASTE AGE,  MAY  76, V7, N5, P83  (10)

  TECHNICAL   FEATURE   IN  1968,  THE  OCCIDENTAL  RESEARCH  CORP., CALIF.,
INITIATED  A  PROGRAM  TO  RECOVER VALUABLE METALS AND GLASS FROM MUNICIPAL
REFUSE AND   TO CONVERT THE ORGANIC PORTION TO A USABLE FUEL OIL. RECOVERED
PRODUCTS  USED WERE  OF SUCH HIGH QUALITY THAT THEY COULD BE RECYCLED TO THE
ECONOMY  DIRECTLY AS  A  SUBSTITUTE  RAW  MATERIAL WITH MINIMAL ADDITIONAL
PROCESSING.  THE OCCIDENTAL RESOURCE *XL RECOVERY SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO BE A
LOW   POLLUTION, LOW  NET COST TECHNIQUE FOR DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE AND
RECOVERY  OF  ITS VALUABLE  ENERGY  AND  MINERAL  CONSTITUENTS.  THE FLASH
PYROLYSIS  PROCESS   CONVERTS THE ORGANIC PORTION OF THE REFUSE INTO ABOUT 1
BBL   OF LOW  SULFUR LIQUID FUEL FROM EACH TON OF RAW REFUSE. CLEAN GLASS AND
ALUMINUM-RICH NONFERROUS . FRACTION  ARE  RECOVERED  AS  READILY MARKETABLE
COMMODITIES.   THE COMPLETE  PROCES.S  WILL BE DEMONSTRATED AT A 200 TON/DAY
PLANT BEING  CONSTRUCTED  IN  SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIF. ESTIMATED COSTS ARE
SUMMARIZED.  (5 DIAGRAMS, 1 GRAPH,  7 TABLES)
[ENV]

0110161    77-023190
CONVERSION OF  WASTE  ORGANIC MATERIAL TO GASOLINE,
  KUESTER JAMES L.
  ARIZONA STATE UNIV,
  PRESENTED  AT   AICHE/APCA ENERGY & THE ENV 4TH NATL CONF, CINCINNATI, OCT
3-7,  76, P212  (7)

  TECHNICAL  REPORT    AT LEAST 27  CITIES OR COUNTIES HAVE MAJOR SYSTEMS FOR
RESOURCE  RECOVERY IN VARIOUS STAGES OF PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT. ECONOMICS
IS  TIED  TO   THE RECOVERY  OF THE  ORGANIC  PORTION  OF THE SOLID WASTE.
PRODUCTION  OF HIGH  OCTANE GASOLINE FROM ORGANIC WASTES IS AN ALTERNATIVE
USING  CARBON  MONOXIDE,  HYDROGEN, AND OLEFINS FROM PYROLYSIS GAS.  PROGRESS
ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BASIC CHEMICAL CONVERSION SCHEME IS REPORTED. THE
CONCEPT APPEARS FEASIBLE TECHNICALLY.  IMPLEMENTATION DEPENDS ON REFINEMENTS
IN  PROCESS  PERFORMANCE  AND RELIABILITY. (3 DIAGRAMS, 1 GRAPH,  1 PHOTO, 4
TABLES)
[EGY]

-------
  .03938    76-021711
  iSTE MATERIALS,
  GOLUEKE, CLARENCE G.  ; MCGAUHEY P.H.
  UNIV OF CALIFORNIA,
  ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY,  1976,  VI,  P257 (21)

  SURVEY REPORT  THE LITERATURE  ON  WASTE  MATERIALS,  THEIR
 ISPOSAL,  AND  POSSIBLE UTILIZATION  FOR OTHER PURPOSES  IS
 ISCUSSED. THE POTENTIAL  ENERGY IN SOLID WASTE MATERIALS  AND THE
 ECHNOLOGY OF  ENERGY  CONVERSIN SYSTEMS  ARE CONSIDERED.
 ECOVERING ENERGY FROM WASTE MATERIALS IS USUALLY ONE ASPECT OF A
 OMPLETE RESOURCE  RECOVERY  SYSTEM.   TECHNOLOGIES  DISCUSSED
 NCLUDE: THERMAL PROCESSES;  BIOLOGICAL FERMENTATION SYSTEMS;  AND
 OLAR ENERGY CONVERSION METHODS.  (65  REFERENCES,  4 TABLES)
 EGY]
)103175    76-021011
SVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY  OF  ENERGY RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS,
  BAILIE,  R.C.  ; DONER D.M.
  WEST VIRGINIA UNIV,
  RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION,  OCT 75,  VI,  N2,  P177 (11)

  TECHNICAL  REPORT   THE  ENERGY  RECOVERY POTENTIAL OF A RESOURCE RECOVERY
SYSTEM  IS  OFTEN  REPRESENTED   BY A SINGLE NUMERICAL VALUE DESCRIBED AS AN
ENERGY  EFFICIENCY.  VARIOUS  NUMERICAL VALUES OF EFFICIENCY CAN BE PROVIDED
FOR  IN  THE  SAME  CONVERSION   PROCESS.   TO OVERCOME SUCH AMBIGUITY AND TO
PROVIDE  A  TECHNIQUE  FOR  COMPARING  SYSTEMS,   A   METHOD  IS DEVELOPED TO
EVALUATE THE EFFICIENCY OF RECOVERY  PROCESSES.  THE METHOD PROVIDES A SINGLE
VALUE  FOR  EACH  CONVERSION  SYSTEM,  BUT IS APPLICABLE ONLY AS LONG AS THE
CONVERSION  PROCESSES  BEING  COMPARED PRODUCE THE SAME ENERGY PRODUCTS. (4
DIAGRAMS, 3 TABLES)
[EGY]

-------
 0103153     76-020989
 CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF WASTE CONVERSION TO ENERGY,
' GORGES,   H.  A.  ;  THOMAS A. D.
  TRACOR JITCO,
  PRESENTED AT   IES  ENERGY AND ENV CONF, ANAHEIM, APR 14-16, 75, VI, P229
 (6)

  TECHNICAL FEATURE  A METHOD IS PROPOSED TO ASSIST SOLID WASTE MANAGERS IN
 MEETING  PRIME OBJECTIVES  OF  WASTE  REDUCTION,  RESOURCE  RECOVERY,  AND
 PROFITABILITY.  THE  METHOD  SYNTHESIS  INDUSTRIAL  AND PROCESS ENGINEERING
 TECHNIQUES.  THE  ABILITY  OF  THE  BREAK-EVEN METHOD TO EVALUATE FINANCIAL
 PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED SOLID WASTE ENERGY PROCESSES IN A GIVEN ENVIRONMENT
 IS TESTED.  (4  DIAGRAMS,  4 GRAPHS)
 [EGY]
0116454   *76-007495
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND FLASH PYROLYSIS OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE,
  PRESTON G. T.
  OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH CORP,  CALIF,
  WASTE AGE, MAY 76,  V7,  N5,  P83 (10)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE    IN  1968,  THE  OCCIDENTAL  RESEARCH  CORP., CALIF.,
INITIATED  A  PROGRAM  TO  RECOVER VALUABLE METALS AND GLASS FROM MUNICIPAL
REFUSE  AND  TO CONVERT THE ORGANIC PORTION TO A USABLE FUEL OIL. RECOVERED
PRODUCTS  USED WERE OF SUCH HIGH QUALITY THAT THEY COULD BE RECYCLED TO THE
ECONOMY  DIRECTLY  AS  A  SUBSTITUTE  RAW  MATERIAL WITH MINIMAL ADDITIONAL
PROCESSING. THE OCCIDENTAL RESOURCE *XL RECOVERY SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO BE A
LOW  POLLUTION, LOW NET COST TECHNIQUE FOR DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE AND
RECOVERY  OF  ITS  VALUABLE  ENERGY  AND  MINERAL  CONSTITUENTS.  THE FLASH
PYROLYSIS  PROCESS  CONVERTS THE ORGANIC PORTION OF THE REFUSE INTO ABOUT 1
BBL  OF LOW SULFUR LIQUID FUEL FROM EACH TON OF RAW REFUSE. CLEAN GLASS AND
ALUMINUM-RICH  NONFERROUS  FRACTION  ARE  RECOVERED  AS  READILY MARKETABLE
COMMODITIES.  THE  COMPLETE  PROCESS  WILL BE DEMONSTRATED AT A 200 TON/DAY
PLANT  BEING  CONSTRUCTED  IN  SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIF. ESTIMATED COSTS ARE
SUMMARIZED. (5 DIAGRAMS,  1 GRAPH, 7 TABLES)
[ENV]

0102008    75-007621
ENERGY  RECOVERY  FROM  MUNICIPAL  SOLID  WASTE  AND  METHOD OF COMPARING
REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS,
  SHENG HENRY P. ; ALTER HARVEY
  (YOUNGSTOWN  STATE   UNIV),   AND;  (NATL CENTER FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY, WASH
DC),
  RESOURCE RECOVERY &  CONSERVATION,  MAY 75, VI,  Nl,  P85 (9)

-------
  TECHNICAL  REPORT   A  PLANT PROCESSING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TO SEPARATE
MAGNETIC   METALS,   ALUMINUM,  OTHER  NONFERROUS  METALS,  GLASS, AND A FUEL
'FRACTION   CONSISTING OF MOST OF THE ORGANIC MATERIAL CAN PRODUCE FROM ABOUT
FOUR   TO  13 TIMES  MORE ELECTRICAL ENERGY THAN IT CONSUMES. THE FUEL'S VALUE
WILL   DEPEND  ON  ITS  MOISTURE  AND  ASH  CONTENTS.  THE EFFECT OF THE TWO
PROPERTIES  ON DECREASING THE AVAILABLE ENERGY IN THE FUEL IS EXAMINED. THE
FRACTION   OF  FUEL  NEEDED TO DRY THE REMAINDER IS CALCULATED FOR DIFFERENT
VALUES OF  THE HEAT OF COMBUSTION AND EFFICIENCY OF DRYING. (4 GRAPHS, 15
REFERENCES,  2 TABLES)
[EGY]
0101507     75-006031
STEAM GENERATION FROM REFUSE,  AND  PROCESS AND MANUFACTURING
WASTES,
  SCHWIEGER ROBERT G.
  POWER, FEB  75, V119,  N2,  P21 (24)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE THE  STATE OF THE ART OF BURNING WASTE GASES, LIQUIDS,
AND  SOLIDS   IS  REVIEWED.  EQUIPMENT AND METHODS FOR PREPARING REFUSE FUELS
AND  FOR  RECOVERING USEFUL  MATERIALS  FROM  SOLID  WASTE  ARE  SURVEYED.
EQUIPMENT   AND  SYSTEMS USED  TODAY  FOR  ENERGY  RECOVERY  AT UTILITY AND
INDUSTRIAL  PLANTS   ARE DESCRIBED,  AND PYROLYSIS AND OTHER ADVANCED METHODS
FOR  ENERGY  RECOVERY ARE  DISCUSSED. INFORMATION IS INCLUDED THAT CAN SERVE
AS  A  GUIDE  FOR ENGINEERS  INVESTIGATING THE METHODS FOR BURNING WASTES AND
REFUSE  AS  FUELS  IN   NEW   AND  EXISTING  BOILERS IN INDUSTRIAL PLANTS AND
ELECTRIC UTILITIES.  (NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS AND PHOTOS)
0100995   *75-004033
THE PLACE OF INCINERATION IN RESOURCE RECOVERY OF SOLID WASTE,
  FERNANDES,  J. H.  ;  SHENK R.  C.
  COMBUSTION ENGINEERING
  COMBUSTION, OCT  74,  V46,  N4,  P30 (9)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE    PRODUCTION OF FUEL FOR BURNING IN AN EXISTING BOILER
OR  INCINERATION   WITH  STEAM  GENERATION CAN BE THE BACKBONE OF A RESOURCE
RECOVERY  SYSTEM.  INTRODUCTION  OF  SOLID  WASTE  FUEL RECOVERY SYSTEMS TO
SUPPLY   A  REPLACEMENT  FUEL  IS'  DESIRABLE  FROM  AN  ECONOMIC  AND  UNIT
AVAILABILITY STANDPOINT.  FUEL RECOVERY AND REFUSE RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS
ARE DESCRIBED.  (4  DIAGRAMS,  1 PHOTO,  1 TABLE)
[EGY]

-------
0100436    *75-001640
PERPETUAL  METHANE RECOVERY SYSTEM,
" ZALTMAN,  RAUL  ;  DONER DAVID; BAILIE R.C.
  WEST VIRGINIA  UNIV,
  COMPOST  SCIENCE, SUMMER 74, V15, N3,  P14  (5)

  TECHNICAL   FEATURE   A PERPETUAL METHANE RECOVERY SYSTEM IS OUTLINED. THE
SYSTEM  PROPOSES  TO  GROW CONVENTIONAL FARM OR FOREST CROPS ON WASTE LANDS
AND   UNPRODUCTIVE  AREAS   MADE   FERTILE  THROUGH  APPLICATION  OF  SOIL
CONDITIONERS   DERIVED   FROM  WASTE MATERIALS. IF ONLY ENERGY CROPS, AND NOT
CROPS  FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION,  ARE USED, THEN SEWAGE SLUDGE CAN BE APPLIED
WITHOUT  ANY   PUBLIC HEALTH DANGER. THE ECONOMICS OF METHANE PRODUCTION ARE
ANALYZED.  (3  DIAGRAMS,  2 GRAPHS, 30 REFERENCES, 4 TABLES)
[EGY
0103963    76-021736
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTE USING THE UNION CARBIDE PUROX
SYSTEM,
  DONEGAN T. A.
  UNION CARBIDE CORP,  NY,
  PRESENTED  AT  AICHE  3RD ENERGY & ENV CONF,  OHIO,  SEP 29-OCT 1, 75, P118
(6)


  TECHNICAL FEATURE   THE INADEQUACY OF CONVENTIONAL REFUSE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
TO  HANDLE  GROWING   WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS CREATES A NEED FOR AN ADVANCED
DISPOSAL  SYSTEM  THAT  IS:  ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND, ECONOMICALLY ATTRACTIVE,
CAPABLE   OF  REALISTIC   RESOURCE  RECOVERY,  AND  SUITABLE  FOR  LONG-TERM
OPERATION. THE UNION  CARBIDE PUROX.SYSTEM UTILIZES OXYGEN, RATHER THAN AIR,
FOR  HIGH TEMPERATURE INCINERATION AND PYROLYSIS OF ALL TYPES OF FUEL, WITH
A  COMPACT,  STERILE,  SOLID  RESIDUE  AND  A VALUABLE FUEL GAS AS THE ONLY
PRODUCTS.  THE  PUROX SYSTEM  IS  DESCRIBED,  OPERATION  IS  DETAILED, AND
ECONOMICS  ARE  REVIEWED.   THE  KEY REQUIREMENT IS AN ECONOMICAL OXYGEN GAS
SUPPLY. (3 DIAGRAMS,  1 PHOTO)
[EGY]

-------
0101677    *75-001664
•SEPARATING PAPER AT THE WASTE SOURCE FOR RECYCLING,
   LINGLE  STEPHEN
   EPA  REPORT SW-128, 1974 (16)

   SPECIAL  REPORT   TECHNIQUES  FOR  SOURCE SEPARATION OF  PAPER
ENVIRONMENTAL,   ENERGY,  AND  CONSERVATION  ISSUES  ARE  SUMMAR.
SEPARATION OF NEWSPRINT, CORRUGATED PAPER, AND OFFICE WASTEPAPE.
IN  TERMS  OF  BACKGROUND  FACTS,  COLLECTION  COSTS,  SAVINGS,
SEPARATION  AND  COLLECTION,  AND  OPPORTUNITIES  FOR  INCREASE;
ADVANTAGES   OF  PAPER  RECYCLING,  WHICH  CALL  FOR  ITS   CONT.
EXPANSION,  INCLUDE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, REDUCED SOLID WASTE  <
RESOURCE    CONSERVATION.   ENERGY  RECOVERY  VS.  PAPER  RECOVE]
DISCUSSED.  (11 REFERENCES)
[ENV]

0124009   *77-006046
RECOVERING WASTES,
   EPA  J,  MAR 77,  V3, N3, PB (2)

   SOURCE  REPORT  CHANGES IN PUBLIC POLICIES AND PERSONAL  HABI1:
MUST BE MADE TO ACHIEVE MAXIMUM WASTE RECYCLING. ONLY ABOUT  1
MILLION TONS, OR 7.5%  - ARE RECOVERED AND RECYCLED. THE REST  ]
DUMPED OR,  AT BEST, BURIED IN SANITARY  LANDFILLS. ROUGHLY HALF  (
THE  WASTE TONNAGE COULD BE RECYCLED  OR  BURNED TO RECOVER FUI
VALUE. ABOUT ONE-FOURTH OF THE COAL  COULD BE RECLAIMED IF
AMERICANS WOULD CHANGE THEIR HABITS AND SORT OUT  SAVABLE  WASTI
BEFORE DISCARDING  THEM.  MODEL WASTE  DISPOSAL PROGRAMS 1
CALIFORNIA,  DELAWARE, MARYLAND, MASSACHUSETTS,  MISSOURI,  AND Ol
ARE SURVEYED.
[ENV]


0100661     75-002458
THE FLASH PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES,
   FINNEY,  C.S.; GARRETT D.E.
   GARRETT R&D  CO,  CALIF,
   ENERGY  SOURCES,  1974, VI,  N3, P295 (20)

TECHNICAL FEATURE  AN INTEGRATED RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR
RECYCLING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS DESCRIBED.  MAGNETIC METALS AN"
A  VERY HIGH  PURITY GLASS ARE  RECOVERED,   AND THE ORGANI
COMPONENTS ARE CONVERTED TO A GOOD QUALITY FLUID FUEL.  THE HEAP
OF THE PROCESS IS  A  PROPRIETARY FLASH PYROLYSIS TECHNIQUE TH2
ENABLES  MORE  THAN 1 BBL OF LOW-SULFUR OIL TO BE OBTAINED FRO
EACH TON  OR RAW, WET MUNICIPAL REFUSE.   (1 DIAGRAM,  10 TABLES)
[EGY]

-------
RECYCLING

    MATERIALS  RECOVERY
0124035    *77-006072
MAGNETIC   SEPARATION:   RECOVERY OF SALEABLE IRON AND STEEL FROM MUNICIPAL
WASTE
  ALTER,   HARVEY ;  WOODRUFF KENNETH L.
  EPA REPORT  EPA/53O/SW-559, MAR 77 (24)


  SPECIAL  REPORT MAGNETIC SEPARATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, PERHAPS THE
SIMPLEST   UNIT   PROCESS  FOR  RECOVERING  MATERIALS,  IS  USED  IN MINERALS
BENEFICIATION OF  IRON  ORES AND BY THE SCRAP INDUSTRY TO EXTRACT IRON AND
STEEL METAL SCRAP.  MAGNETIC SEPARATION USES THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF IRON
AND  STEEL TO   REMOVE  THESE  MATERIALS FROM THE REFUSE STREAM BY A SIMPLE
MAGNET.  PROPER   INSTALLATION  OF  A  MAGNETIC SEPARATOR IN MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE  SHREDDING PLANTS  OR  IN  SHREDDING  AND  AIR CLASSIFICATION PLANTS
ENABLES  RECOVERY  OF   THE  VALUABLE  IRON  AND  STEEL  FRACTION AS SALABLE
PRODUCTS.  REVENUE  FROM THESE RECOVERED MATERIALS WILL HELP OFFSET THE COST
OF  SOLID  WASTE DISPOSAL.  THE  TECHNOLOGY,  ECONOMICS, AND OBJECTIVES OF
MAGNETIC SEPARATION ARE EXPLORED. (4 DIAGRAMS, 1 DRAWING, 2 TABLES)
[ENV]
0124015    77-006052
SOLID WASTES RECOVERS  LAND FOR INDUSTRY USE,
  AMERICAN CITY, APR 77,  V92,  N4,  P46 (3)

  FEATURE  ARTICLE   AS   NEW ORLEANS' INCINERATOR COSTS SKYROCKET, THE CITY
TURNED  TO  A PRIVATELY  OPERATED RESOURCE RECOVERY AND LANDFILL FACILITY TO
SOLVE  ITS  WASTE   DISPOSAL  PROBLEMS.  THE  OPERATIONS  OF  RECOVERY I ARE
DISCUSSED,  INCLUDING:   HOW  REFUSE  IS DIRECTED TO SHREDDER LINES, HOW THE
RECOVERY  MODULE  SEPARATES  LIGHT  AND  HEAVY  OBJECTS,  AND  HOW  CERTAIN
MATERIALS  (I.E., GLASS,  ALUMINUM, AND NONFERROUS METALS) ARE RECOVERED AND
MARKETED.  IF RECOVERY I PROVES COST EFFECTIVE, NEW ORLEANS WILL EXPAND THE
OPERATION  AND  PHASE  OUT OTHER SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACTIVITIES IN THE NEAR
FUTURE.  GUARANTEED OUTLETS  FOR  ALUMINUM,  FERROUS METAL, AND PAPER WILL
ENHANCE THE FACILITY'S FEASIBILITY. (2 PHOTOS, 1 TABLE)
[ENV]

-------
 0125379    *78-000527
 "RESOURCE  RECOVERY AND CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES:  A NATIONWIDE
 SURVEY,
  MCEWEN,  L.  B.
  EPA REPORT SW-142,  1977  (83)

  STATISTICS   THE  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  AND  WASTE  REDUCTION ACTIVITIES  OF
 VARIOUS  COMMUNITIES   THROUGHOUT  THE U.S.  ARE SUMMARIZED.  WASTE REDUCTION
 MEASURES   ARE  DESIGNED TO  REDUCE  THE  AMOUNT  OF  SOLID   WASTE  THAT  IS
 GENERATED,  THEREBY   REDUCING  COLLECTION  AND  DISPOSAL  COSTS.  WHEN WASTE
 REDUCTION  INCORPORATES THE  REUSE  OF   PRODUCTS,  A DECREASE IN  THE USE  OF
 NATURAL  RESOURCES  AND IN  ENERGY  CONSUMPTION RESULTS IN  LOWER LEVELS  OF
 MANUFACTURING  RESIDUALS THAT ARE DEPOSITED TO AIR,  LAND, AND WATER MEDIUMS.
 RESOURCE   RECOVERY  IS  A   TECHNIQUE  BY  WHICH  THOSE  RESOURCES  THAT ARE
 RECYCLABLE,  INCLUDING  PAPER,   GLASS, AND METALS,  ARE FIRST SEPARATED FROM
 THOSE THAT ARE UNRECYCLABLE,  AND ARE THEN PREPARED FOR REUSE.
 [ENV]

 0125382    *78-000530
 RESIDENTIAL PAPER RECOVERY:  A COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM.
   EPA REPORT  SW  553,  UNDATED (20)

   SPECIAL REPORT   METHODS BY  WHICH  THE PUBLIC  CAN CONSERVE
 ENERGY AND FIBER  RESOURCES  THROUGH THE RECYCLING OF NEWSPAPER ARE
 DESCRIBED. SOURCE SEARATION - THE  SEPARATION OF NEWSPRINT FROM
 TRASH  AND GARBAGE  AT  THE SOURCE SO  THAT  IT CAN  BE OUR  FOR
 COLLECTION -  IS  ESSENTIAL.  IF RECYCLING  IS  TO BE IMPLEMENTED,
 COMMUNITY  ACTION  FOR SOURCE SEATATION PROGRAMS IS NEEDED.  OUTLETS
 TO PUBLICISE SOURCE SEPARATION EFFORTS,  SUCH AS NEWSPAPERS,  RADIO
 STATIONS,  TELEVISION STATIONS, MERCHANTS AND BUSINESS LEADERS,
 AND  SCHOOLS,ARE  EXAMINED. PROGRAM IDEAS  AND  SUGGESTIONS  ARE
 DETAILED.  (15  DRAWINGS)
 [ENV]


 0120216    77-002575
 COAL ASH-A POTENTIAL  MINERAL SOURCE,
  WRIGHT,  JAMES  H. ;  ROFFMAN HAIA K.
  WESTINGHOUSE ENV SYSTEMS  DEPT,  PITTSBURGH,
  PRESENTED  AT   IBS   ENV   TECHNOLOGY 76 CONF,  PHILADELPHIA,  APR  26-28, 76,
 P163 (11)

  TECHNICAL REPORT  COAL ASH PRODUCTION  AS  A BY-PRODUCT OF COAL-FIRED POWER
 PLANTS  IN  THE   U.S.  IS OVER  50  MILLION TON/YR,  AND IS LIKELY TO INCREASE.
 COAL  ASH  CONTAINS SUBSTANTIAL CONCENTRATIONS OF MAJOR MINERALS,  INCLUDING
ALUMINUM  AND  IRON,   AND   OF   TRACE QUANTITIES  OF  MANY  OTHER ELEMENTS.
EXTRACTING  THESE  MINERALS FROM  THE COAL ASH  OFFERS A SOLUTION TO THE DUAL
PROBLEMS  OF COAL ASH  DISPOSAL  AND MINERAL  SUPPLY.  ENVIRONMENTAL  IMPACTS  OF
THE COAL ASH ARE ALSO  REDUCED.  THE ECONOMIC  FEASIBILITY OF MINERAL RECOVERY
IS DISCUSSED.  (3  GRAPHS, 26 REFERENCES,  14 TABLES)
 [ENV]

-------
0116456    *76-007497
MARKETING  AND  EQUIPMENT  DESIGN,  MUNICIPAL  SOLID WASTE, FERROUS METAL
RECOVERY,
  GRAHAM W.  OWEN
  LEONARD  S. WEGMEN CO,  NY,
  SCRAP AGE, JUN 76, V33, N6, P92 (9)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE   CONTINUING  SALE  OF  RECOVERED  FERROUS METAL SCRAP
DEPENDS  ON  A  SUCCESSFUL MARKETING STUDY PERFORMED IN THE PLANNING STAGE,
PRIOR  TO  ENGINEERING DESIGN OF A NEW RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITY. REALISTIC
MAJOR  SCRAP  MARKETS  AMONG  METAL  USERS  AND  SECONDARY  PROCESSORS  ARE
DESCRIBED,   AND   CONTRACTS  AND FERROUS METAL SPECIFICATIONS ARE DISCUSSED.
FRONT  END  (BEFORE  COMBUSTION) AND BACK END (AFTER COMBUSTION) SEPARATION
SYSTEMS  FOR  FERROUS  METAL RECOVERY ARE DELINEATED, FACTORING PRIMARY AND
SECONDARY  SHEDDING  TECHNIQUES,  MAGNETIC  SEPARATION  CRITERIA,  EXISTING
INSTALLATIONS,   COSTS,   AND ECONOMICS. THE U.S.  STEEL INDUSTRY PRODUCED 150
MILLION  TONS  IN  1973,   AND CONSUMED 103 MILLION TONS OF SCRAP, INCLUDING
OBSOLETE   SCRAP,  PROMPT INDUSTRIAL SCRAP, AND HOME OR REVERT SCRAP. PRODUCT
QUALITY    CONTROL,    BLAST   FURNACES,   FOUNDRIES,   EXPORTS,  MINI-MILLS,
FERROALLOYS,   THE  COPPER  INDUSTRY,  DETINNING,  LOCAL  SCRAP  PROCESSORS,
FERROUS  SCRAP SPECIFICATION, AND MARKET PRICING STRUCTURE ARE EXAMINED. (1
GRAPH, 1 MAP,  18  REFERENCES, 8 TABLES)
[ENV]


0116458    *76-007499
ECONOMIC USE OF  WASTE PAPER HELPS GRASS GROW ALONG ROADS,
  BETTER ROADS,  JUL 76,  V46, N6, P30 (2)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE  THE VIRGINIA DEPT. OF HIGHWAYS HAS DEVELOPED A PROCESS
BY  WHICH  WASTE  PAPER IS USED TO HELP GRASS GROW ALONG WEST VIRGINIA ROADS.
ABOUT  HALF  A  TON OF SCRAP PAPER IS SHREDDED INTO CONFETTI, COMBINED WITH
ABOUT  20  GAL  OF   A  LATEX  COMPOUND TO HELP IT DISPERSE MORE EVENLY IN A.
SLURRY, AND MIXED WITH WATER, SEED,  AND FERTILIZER. THE RESULTANT MULCH HAS
PROVED  TO  BE  BETTER  THAN  ANY  OTHER EVER TESTED BY THE DEPARTMENT WHEN
SPREAD  BY HYDROSEEDER ONTO ERODED SLOPES, OPEN CUTS, AND OTHER AREAS WHERE
GROUND COVER IS  NEEDED.  THE COST SAVINGS OF USING SHREDDED PAPER INSTEAD OF
WOOD  FIBRE  MULCH   IS  ABOUT  $150/ACRE, DEPENDING ON SHREDDING AND BALING
COSTS. (1  PHOTO)
[ENV]
0124696   *77-006686
THE RESOURCE RECOVERY  INDUSTRY,
  EPA REPORT SW 510C,  1976  (92)

-------
  SPECIAL  REPORT   THE  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  INDUSTRY  IS PROFILED, AND  ITS
CAPACITY TO MEET PROJECTED DEMAND IS EVALUATED. LACK OF SPECIFIC MECHANISMS
FOR   FINANCING  PROJECTS  MAY  HINDER  THE NECESSARY FLOW OF CAPITAL. WHILE
SEVERAL  FORECASTS ESTIMATE 100 RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITIES WILL BE NEEDED
BY   1982,  INDUSTRY  REPRESENTATIVES  CALCULATE A DEMAND OF FROM 30-65.  THE
INDUSTRY  CAN   SUPPLY  AT  LEAST 200 FACILITIES BY THAT TIME. INSTITUTIONAL
CONSTRAINTS  ARE SEEN AS THE LARGEST IMPEDIMENT TO THE NUMBER OF FACILITIES
THAT CAN  BE  BUILT.  IN 1973, THE 20 LARGEST PUBLIC RESOURCE RECOVERY FIRMS
HAD   REVENUES   OF ABOUT $23 BILLION AND ASSETS OF $18 BILLION. AN ESTIMATED
$6-8  BILLION  WILL BE NEEDED FOR CAPITAL EXPENDITURES IN THE NEXT 10 YEARS.
FINANCIAL RESOURCES APPEAR AVAILABLE IF THE INVESTMENTS CAN BE JUSTIFIED BY
AN   ACCEPTABLE PROFIT LEVEL. THE RATE OF INVESTMENT WILL BE GOVERNED BY  THE
WILLINGNESS  OF  MUNICIPALITIES  TO ACQUIRE FACILITIES AND BY THE POTENTIAL
FOR  PROFIT TO  THOSE SUPPLYING FACILITIES. A MINIMAL 15% RETURN IN EQUITY IS
EXPECTED  TO   SATISFY  THE PRIVATE SECTOR'S PROFIT REQUIREMENT FOR RESOURCE
RECOVERY PROJECTS.
[ENV]
0103527    76-021363
POTENTIAL  ENERGY  CONSERVATION  FROM  RECYCLING  METALS  IN  URBAN SOLID
WASTES,
  FRANKLIN,  WILLIAM E.   ;  BENDERSKY DAVID; PARK WILLIAM R.; HUNT ROBERT G.
  FRANKLIN ASSOC,
  FORD  FOUNDATION  ENERGY   POLICY  PROJECT REPORT: THE ENERGY CONSERVATION
PAPERS, 1975, P171  (49)


  SURVEY REPORT  THE RECOVERY OF FERROUS METALS, ALUMINUM, AND COPPER-BASED
METALS  FROM MIXED URBAN  WASTES IS TECHNOLOGICALLY FEASIBLE, AND MECHANIZED
SYSTEMS TO RECOVER THESE  METALS AND OTHER RESOURCES FROM MIXED URBAN WASTES
ARE  BEING  DEVELOPED.  CURRENT  REFUSE PRACTICES FOR SCRAP METAL (IRON AND
STEEL, ALUMINUM, AND COPPER)  ARE DESCRIBED. QUALITY OF SCRAP RECOVERED FROM
URBAN  WASTES  AND  THE ENERGY CONSERVATION POTENTIAL OF METAL RECOVERY ARE
DISCUSSED.  THE  COSTS  AND  POLICY  CONSIDERATIONS  FOR METAL RECOVERY ARE
EXAMINED.  THE  QUANTITY  AND  COMPOSITION  OF POST-CONSUMER SOLID WASTE IN
1971,  AND THE ECONOMICS  OF METALS RECOVERY FROM MIXED WASTE ARE ESTIMATED.
(NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS, REFERENCES,  TABLES)
[EGY]

-------
0123370    *77-005455
"A  TECHNICAL,  ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE WET  PROCESSING
SYSTEM FOR THE RECOVERY AND DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE,
  NTIS REPORT  PB-245 674, 1975 (223)

  SPECIAL  REPORT  A TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION  OF A
WET   PULPING  PROCESS USED FOR THE RECOVERY AND DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE IS  PRESENTED. THE DEMONSTRATION RECOVERY FACILITY CONSISTS OF THREE
MAJOR   SYSTEMS:   HYDRASPOSAL,  FIBER  RECOVERY,  AND  GLASS  AND  ALUMINUM
RECOVERY.
[ENV]


0108163     75-008006
SEMI-WET SELECTIVE PULVERIZING SYSTEM: A FEASIBILITY STUDY,
  ITO,   KANICHI ;  HIRAYAMA YOSHIO  CENTRAL RESEARCH INST, JAPAN,
  RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, MAY 75, VI, Nl, P45  (9)

  TECHNICAL REPORT   A SEMI-WET SELECTIVE PULVERIZING SYSTEM FOR MUNICIPAL
REFUSE   IS  DESCRIBED.   THE  SYSTEM SHOWS A STRONG POTENTIAL FOR RECOVERING
RESOURCES   FROM  MUNICIPAL  REFUSE:  PAPER  OF  COMPARATIVELY HIGH QUALITY;
PLASTICS   AND   METALS  FREE  OF  GARBAGE  FOR  FURTHER  DRY PROCESSING; AND
COMPOSTABLE MATERIALS  WITHOUT  THE  NEED  FOR  ADDITIONAL  SEPARATION.  (1
DIAGRAM,  4 PHOTOS,  5 TABLES)
[ENV]


0101681    *75-001668
THE RECYCLING  AND REUSE INCENTIVES,
  HUMPSTONE,   CHARLES C.   ; AYRES EDWARD; KEAHEY SAM G. ; SCHELL THEODORE
  INTL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY CORP, WASH DC,
  NTIS REPORT  PB-234 602/1WP,  1974 (116)


  SPECIAL  REPORT   A SERIES OF  STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH THE DISPOSAL/RECOVERY
OF  SCRAP   TIRES   IS DESCRIBED. THESE TIRES FORM A PARTICULARLY INTRACTABLE
FORM  OF SOLID WASTE SINCE THEY DO NOT DECOMPOSE,  HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON
INCINERATORS   AND   AIR  EMISSIONS,  AND  DISRUPT  THE COMPACTION PROCESS IN
SANITARY LANDFILLS.  THE OPTIONS FOR DISPOSING OR RECOVERING USED TIRES,  AND
RESEARCH   INTO NEW METHODS OF  TIRE RECOVERY ARE DESCRIBED.  RUBBER RECLAIMED
FROM  SCRAP TIRES   CAN  BE USED IN NEW TIRE MANUFACTURE,  BUT IT LACKS THE
UNIFORMITY,  TENSILE STRENGTH,  HEAT RESISTANCE,  AND ABRASION RESISTANCE FOR
USE  IN  VERY  LARGE CONCENTRATIONS. PYROLYSIS,  HYDROGENIZATION,  AND RELATED
PROCESSES   FOR SEPARATING  TIRES INTO SUBSTANCES THAT MAY BE RECYCLED INTO
TIRE  PRODUCTION   OR SOLD AS FUEL, ALTHOUGH WORKABLE ON A LABORATORY SCALE,
HAVE  NOT   YET BEEN PROVEN COMMERCIALLY.  THE INCORPORATION OF CHOPPED TIRES
INTO  AN INTERFACE  LAYER OF ASPHALT BETWEEN A DETERIORATED ROAD AND ITS NEW
SURFACING   IS   A  PROMISING USE OF TIRES.  A SERIES OF STRATEGIES WAS DEVISED
UNDER  WHICH   VARIOUS ECONOMIC, REGULATORY,  EDUCATIONAL,  AND R&D ACTIVITIES
WERE  COMBINED TO   PROVIDE INCENTIVES  TO ENCOURAGE THE REUSE OF TIRES OR
IMPROVE TIRE DISPOSAL PRACTICES.
[ENV]

-------
SOURCE REDUCTION
692225  PB-290  126/2
Energy Conservation through Source Reduction
   (Final rept.)
  Reid, George  W.  ; Khuong,  Chan Hung
  Oklahoma  Univ.,  Norman.   Bureau  of  Water   and Environmental  Resources
Research.
  Sponsor: Municipal  Environmental Research Lab.,  Cincinnati,  OH.
  Report NO.: EPA/600/8-78/015
  Nov 78   76p
  Languages: English
  NTIS Prices:  PC A05/MF A01    Journal Announcement:  GRAI7908
  Contract No.: EPA-R-804183

  This   report  deals   with  energy  conservation through  reduction  in
generation  of  post-consumer solid waste. The objective,  scope,  methodology
and  summary  of  the report are presented in Section  1.  Section 2 contains
the conclusions. Section 3  presents a review of  output and input approaches
to  estimate  the  quantity  and  composition of post-consumer solid waste.
Comparative  notes  on  the  two methods are included.  Section 4 contains a
compilation of  estimates of energy consumed in the manufacture of  discarded
materials and in handling the solid waste.  Section 5 studies potentials and
possibilities   of  reducing refuse  and  estimates  corresponding  energy
savings.  Twenty  examples  of opportunities to reduce  refuse at government,
policy-maker,   manufacturer,  and  consumer levels are proposed. The energy
intensiveness   of  materials found  in  the waste stream,   total  energy
residuals  embedded in each material,  and possible candidates  for  reduction
with greatest energy  savings are also presented.
[NTIS]


0124673    77-006663
WASTE REDUCTION-ISSUES AND  POLICIES,
  CONN W.  DAVID
  UNIV OF CALIFORNIA,
  RESOURCES POLICY, MAR  77,  V3,  Nl,  P23  (16)

  FEATURE ARTICLE  CALIFORNIA'S  INCREASING  DIFFICULTY  IN  DISPOSING OF WASTE
RESIDUES WITHOUT DAMAGING THE ENVIRONMENT PROMPTED THE  ESTABLISHMENT OF THE
SOURCE  REDUCTION  AND  PACKAGING  POLICY  COMMITTEE   BY  THE  SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT  BOARD.  ALTERNATIVE   METHODS  OF REDUCING SOLID WASTE GENERATION
ARE RECOMMENDED. OBJECTIVES  OF WASTE  REDUCTION, COSTS AND BENEFITS  OF WASTE
REDUCTION  MEASURES  AND BASIC  APPROACHES  TO WASTE REDUCTION  ARE  EXAMINED.
OUTLINED  ARE   12 OPTIONS FOR WASTE REDUCTION, INCLUDING: DIRECT REGULATION
OF  INDIVIDUAL  PRODUCTS, MANDATORY DISCLOSURE OF  ENVIRONMENTAL  IMPACT, AND
SUBSIDIES  TO   OFFSET  CAPITAL COSTS  OF  CONVERTING FROM ONE-WAY TO  REUSABLE
PRODUCTS.   THE  NEED   FOR GOVERNMENT ACTION AND COST-EFFECTIVE POLICIES  IS
DISCUSSED.  (1 TABLE)
[BNV]

-------
0115826    *78-024165
WHY PRIVATE UTILITIES DON'T  MAKE MORE USE  OF REFUSE-DERIVED
ENERGY,
  LANNUS ARVO
  SOLID WASTES  MANAGEMENT, SEP 78, V21, N9, P68  (7)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE   THREE  BASIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR RECOVERING ENERGY FROM
MUNICIPAL  REFUSE  ARE  DESCRIBED:  WATERWALL  INCINERATION, REFUSE-DERIVED
SOLID FUEL MANUFACTURING,  AND PYROLYSIS. A MAJOR BARRIER TO MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE  ENERGY   RECOVERY IS UNFAVORABLE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. CURRENTLY, SUCH
ENERGY  RECOVERY   IS  ONLY FEASIBLE WHEN THE RECOVERY FACILITY RECEIVES  (IN
ADDITION TO  ENERGY REVENUE)  RETURN FROM THE RECOVERY OF SECONDARY MATERIALS
AND  SUBSTANTIAL  WASTE DISPOSAL FEES.  ANNUAL COSTS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
ENERGY RECOVERY PROCESSES  AS OF LATE 1977 ARE SUMMARIZED. MARKETABILITY AND
PRICING  OF  WASTE ENERGY PRODUCTS ARE ASSESSED. POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS ARE
ESTIMATED. (1 TABLE)
[EGY]
0112697    78-021167
ARE WE READY TO CONVERT SOLID WASTE TO ENERGY-PROFITABLY?,
  NICHOLS,  DOUGLAS R.
  RESEARCH-COTTRELL,  NJ,
  RESOURCE RECOVERY & ENERGY REVIEW, FALL 77, V4,  N4,  P8 (3)

  FEATURE  ARTICLE    THE  HEATING  -VALUE  OF  TYPICAL  FUELS  DERIVED  FROM
MUNICIPAL  SOLID  WASTE AND HEATING VALUES OF SEVERAL INDUSTRIAL WASTES ARE
TABULATED.  CONVERSION   PROCESSES  ARE  BRIEFLY  DESCRIBED, INCLUDING THREE
PYROLYSIS  SYSTEMS,   MASS-FIRED  AND  SPREAD STOKER WATERFALL FURNACES, AND
REFUSE-DERIVED   FUEL   PLANTS.   WHEN  DISPOSAL  AND  ENERGY  PROBLEMS  ARE
WIDESPREAD  ENOUGH,   A  PROFIT-MAKING BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY EXISTS FOR TAKING
WASTES  FROM  SEVERAL  SOURCES AND SELLING BACK ENERGY OR FUEL. (1 PHOTO, 2
TABLES)
[EGY]


0126119    78-001232
RESOURCE RECOVERY FINANCING,
  BALLARD CHARLES A.
  DILLON, READ & CO,
  J RESOURCE RECOVERY,  SUMMER 77, V7,  N3,  P73 (8)

-------
   FEATURE   ARTICLE   EMERGING PATTERNS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND RECOVERY
FINANCING  OPTIONS ARE DISCUSSED. THE PROBLEMS THAT HAVE TO BE ADDRESSED ARE
MUNICIPAL    INEXPERIENCE,   LEGISLATIVE  RESTRICTIONS,  SYSTEM  RELIABILITY,
REVENUE  AND  COST  CONTROL,  AND LONG-TERM MARKETS FOR RECOVERED PRODUCTS.
SOLUTIONS   USED  BY  FOUR CITIES TO FINANCE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES
ARE   REVIEWED.   OPTIONS  INCLUDE  GENERAL OBLIGATION BONDS, SPECIAL REVENUE
BONDS,   INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT REVENUE BONDS, AND PRIVATE SECTOR FINANCING.
SOME  METHODS  OF  SIMPLIFYING PROBLEMS TO FACILITATE FINANCING OF RECOVERY
PROJECTS ARE DISCUSSED. (5 DIAGRAMS)
[ENV]


0108283     77-021411
RECYCLING  ENERGY: WORKING WITH WHAT WE'VE GOT,
   PHOENIX  QUARTERLY, WINTER 77, V8, N4, P2 (4)

   TECHNICAL  FEATURE   USING FERROUS SCRAP FOR STEEL-MAKING PROVIDES 74% IN
ENERGY   SAVINGS,   AND REDUCES AIR POLLUTION BY 86%, WATER POLLUTION BY 76%,
VIRGIN   MATERIALS BY 90%,  AND MINING WASTES BY 97%. POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS
CAN   BE  CUT BY UP TO $4.16 METRIC TON OF STEEL WHEN FERROUS SCRAP REPLACES
IRON  ORE  IN THE STEEL-MAKING PROCESS. HOWEVER, NEARLY FOUR TIMES MORE IRON
ORE   THAN   SCRAP WERE CONSUMED IN 1975, LARGELY DUE TO ICC REGULATIONS THAT
WORK  AGAINST TRANSFORMING A SOCIAL LIABILITY INTO A SOCIAL RESOURCE. WHILE
THE   TECHNOLOGY  TO  HARNESS  SOLAR  AND  NUCLEAR ENERGY MAY BE YEARS AWAY,
STEEL-MAKING FROM FERROUS SCRAP COULD BE USED TODAY TO CUT COSTS AND SOLID
WASTE BUILDUP SIMULTANEOUSLY. (5 PHOTOS)


0126146    *78-001259
WRAPPING  UP THE  SOLID  WASTE  MANAGEMENT PROBLEM:  A MODEL FOR REGIONAL
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING,
  EPA OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE REPORT SW-548,  1977 (15)

  SPECIAL    REPORT    PRESSURES   TOWARD  REGIONALIZATION  OF  SOLID  WASTE
MANAGEMENT  FUNCTIONS  ARE  STRONG,   BUT  THEY  GIVE RISE TO COMPLEXITY AND
POLITICAL  DISAGREEMENTS. THE WASTE RESOURCES  ALLOCATION PROGRAM,  A COMPUTER
MODEL  THAT  EVALUATES  ECONOMIC TRADEOFFS  WITHIN THE ENTIRE PROCESSING AND
DISPOSAL  SYSTEM,   IS  EXPLAINED.   WRAP HELPS SORT OUT VARIOUS OPTIONS IN A
SPECIFIC  REGION   BY  INDICATING  A PREFERRED SOLUTION.  USE OF THE MODEL IN
MASSACHUSETTS AND IN ST. LOUIS IS DESCRIBED.  (6 DRAWINGS,  1 GRAPH,  3 MAPS)
[ENV]


0125348     78-000496
THE   IMPACT  OF SOURCE SEPARATION AND WASTE REDUCTION ON THE ECONOMICS OF
RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITIES,
  SKINNER  JOHN  H.
  EPA,
  RESOURCE RECOVERY & ENERGY REVIEW,  MAR-APR  77,  V4,  N2,  P22 (5)

-------
  TECHNICAL   FEATURE   THE  IMPACT OF SOURCE SEPARATION AND WASTE REDUCTION
PROGRAMS  ON  THE  ECONOMICS OF MIXED WASTE RECOVERY PLANTS IS EXAMINED. SUCH
PROGRAMS  COULD   CAUSE SIGNIFICANT REDUCTIONS IN THE QUANTITY OF RECYCLABLE
MATERIALS IN  THE  WASTE STREAM. PAPER RECYCLING PROGRAMS AND THEIR RESULTING
REDUCTION IN  THE  HEATING VALUE, ENERGY CONTENT, AND VALUE OF SOLID WASTE AS
A  FUEL,  AND METAL  AND  GLASS REDUCTION AND RECYCLING PROGRAMS AND THEIR
RESULTING  DECREASE   IN RECYCLED MATERIAL REVENUES FOR MIXED WASTE RECOVERY
PLANTS  ARE   ANALYZED.   THE  IMPACT  OF  PAPER SEPARATION PROGRAMS ON PLANT
DISPOSAL  CHARGES COULD  RANGE FROM A FEW CENTS PER TON TO SEVERAL DOLLARS
PER  TON  DEPENDING   UPON  THE  PAPER  RECOVERY RATE AND THE PLANT CAPACITY
UTILIZATION.  HOWEVER,   FROM  EXPERIENCE,  THE  LIKELY INCREASE IN DISPOSAL
CHARGE  FOR   MOST PLANTS WOULD PROBABLY BE MUCH LESS THAN $1/TON. BEVERAGE
CONTAINER  REDUCTION  PROGRAMS  COULD REDUCE RECOVERY PLANT NET REVENUES BY
FROM  $0.50-1.50/TON  DEPENDING  ON  TECHNOLOGY  PERFORMANCE  AND RECOVERED
MATERIAL MARKET PRICES.  (6 TABLES)
[ENV]
0124672   *77-006662
MARKET  INCENTIVES  FOR  RECYCLING-THE  TAX  CREDIT  AND  PRODUCT  CHARGE
COMPARED,
  DEVINE KEVIN C.
  ENV AFFAIRS, 1976,  V5,  N4,  P669 (27)

  SURVEY  REPORT  RECENT  CONGRESSIONAL PROPOSALS IN MATERIALS RECYCLING AND
WASTE REDUCTION ARE EXPLORED. THE SERIOUSNESS OF THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEM IS
REVIEWED,  AND  THE   SENATE  FINANCE COMMITTEE TAX CREDIT FOR RECYCLING AND
HOUSE  COMMERCE  COMMITTEE  NATIONAL PRODUCT CHARGE ARE COMPARED. A PRODUCT
CHARGE,  RESEMBLING AN EXCISE TAX ON CONSUMER PACKAGING AND PAPER PRODUCTS,
AND ADMINISTERED AT THE POINT OF BULK MANUFACTURE OR SALE, SHOULD BECOME AN
INTEGRAL  PART  OF  A  NATIONAL  MATERIALS POLICY. PRODUCT CHARGES WILL NOT
RESOLVE  ALL  PROBLEMS,   BUT  THEY  SHOULD  RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT RECYCLING
INCREASES.  CONGRESS  MUST ALSO DETERMINE WHAT MARKET INCENTIVES, IF ANY, TO
USE TO STIMULATE THE  SECONDARY MATERIALS MARKET. (198 REFERENCES)
[ENV]
0107819    77-020947
SOLID WASTE-MATERIALS AND  ENERGY RECOVERY,
  SEN COMM GOVT OPERATIONS 94  CON 2 REPORT 94-319,  1976 (29)

-------
  SPECIAL  REPORT   THE PROBLEM OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, WHICH IS
ENDEMIC  TO  URBAN  AREAS  AND GROWING WORSE, IS EXPLORED. MOST COMMUNITIES
HAVE  ENVIRONMENTALLY  DEGRADING  DISPOSAL  SYSTEMS  THAT USE OPEN DUMPS OR
INADEQUATE   LANDFILLS.   EPA  AND  ERDA  SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE
RECOVERY  PROGRAMS  DO  NOT  ADEQUATELY  ASSIST  STATES  AND COMMUNITIES IN
SOLVING  THEIR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS. HOWEVER, THE NEW TECHNOLOGY
FOR   RECOVERING   ENERGY   FROM   REFUSE  IS  TECHNOLOGICALLY  VIABLE  AND
ECONOMICALLY  SOUND.   RESOURCE  RECOVERY  IS  HINDERED  BY  A LACK OF CLEAR
ENVIRONMENTAL    REQUIREMENTS   AND  BY  LEGAL,  POLITICAL,  FINANCIAL,  AND
INSTITUTIONAL   BARRIERS.  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  FACILITIES  CAN  BE BUILT AND
FINANCED WITHOUT FEDERAL ASSISTANCE.
[EGY]


0116467   *76-007508
ROUNDTABLE   DISCUSSION  ON PRESENT AND FUTURE TRENDS IN THE WASTE CONTROL
AGGLOMERATES,
  WASTE AGE, AUG 76,  V7, N8, P2 (10)

  PANEL  DISCUSSION   PROFITS,  DECENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT, AND THE THREAT OF
PUBLIC  UTILITY  COMMISSIONS  FOR WASTE CONTROL AGGLOMERATES ARE DISCUSSED.
THE  ADVANTAGES  AND  DRAWBACKS  OF  FERROUS  METAL  RECOVERY  ARE DEBATED.
MUNICIPAL CONTRACTS ARE VIEWED AS AN ATTRACTIVE INVESTMENT. (1 PHOTO)
[ENV]


0107041    77-020193
FROM  RAGS   TO   RICHES:  AN OVERVIEW OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY
RECOVERY,
  MILLER E.  L.
  US LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LAB, N MEX,
  NTIS REPORT LA-UR-75-1590, APR 75 (18)

 SPECIAL  REPORT   METHODS,   SYSTEMS,   AND  MARKET  POTENTIAL  OF RECYCLED
RESIDENTIAL,  INDUSTRIAL,   AND  MUNICIPAL WASTES ARE REVIEWED.  A MINIMUM OF
200-240  TON/DAY  OF  REFUSE IS REQUIRED TO JUSTIFY A COST-EFFECTIVE ENERGY
RECOVERY  PROJECT.  OVER 40 COMMUNITIES ARE CONDUCTING FEASIBILITY STUDIES,
AND,   BY  1980,   30 CITIES AND COUNTIES PLAN TO HAVE 36 PLANTS IN OPERATION
PROCESSING   1000  TON/DAY,  A HEAT' EQUIVALENCY OF 40,000 BPD OIL EQUIVALENT.
RECOVERY  EFFICIENCIES   OF INORGANIC MATERIAL THAT CAN BE RECYCLED ARE FROM
67-75%  FOR  SCRAP ALUMINUM,  90% FOR IRON,  AND 70% FOR GLASS.  IF A MAXIMUM
FEASIBLE LEVEL  OF RESOURCE RECOVERY WERE ACHIEVED IN ALL MAJOR URBAN AREAS,
THE  EQUIVALENT  WOULD   BE  THE  NATION'S ENTIRE RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL
LIGHTING CONSUMPTION.
[EGY]

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0107986     77-021114
COMMERCIALIZATION  OF  SYNTHETIC  FUELS:  ALTERNATIVE  LOAN GUARANTEE AND
PRICE SUPPORT  PROGRAMS,
  US CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE BACKGROUND PAPER 3, JAN 16, 76 (44)

  SPECIAL   REPORT  LOAN GUARANTEES, CONSTRUCTION GRANTS, AND PRICE SUPPORTS
FOR  SYNTHETIC  FUELS  HAVE BEEN PROPOSED FOR DEVELOPING SYNTHETIC FUELS AS
COMMERCIAL   FUEL  RESOURCES.   CONVERTING COAL TO OIL OR GAS, EXTRACTING OIL
FROM  SHALE,   AND  PRODUCING  OIL OR GAS FROM URBAN WASTES ARE A FEW OF THE
PROJECTS  THAT  WOULD  BE UNDERTAKEN UNDER SUCH A PLAN. SOME DECISIONS THAT
CONGRESS  MUST  CONFRONT  IN EVALUATING A SYNFUELS PROGRAM INCLUDE: PRESENT
SUITABILITY OF  SUCH A PROGRAM; WHETHER SUCH A PROGRAM WOULD BE PREPARED BY
1985;  AND   WHETHER  GOVERNMENTAL  INCENTIVES  WILL  BE NEEDED TO IMPLEMENT
SYNFUELS DEVELOPMENT. (2 TABLES)
[EGY]


0106291     76-023975
URBAN AND INDUSTRY WASTES,
  HUMBER NICHOLAS
  EPA,
  PRESENTED   AT   WASHINGTON  CENTER  FOR  METROPOLITAN  STUDIES  CONF  ON
BIOCONVERSION, WASH DC, MAR 10-12,  76, P103 (11)

  SURVEY  REPORT   TOTAL  AMOUNT  OF  MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN THE U.S. WAS
APPROXIMATELY  135  MILLION TONS IN 1973. ABOUT 80% OF THIS WASTE STREAM IS
COMBUSTIBLE.   THE  OTHER 20%  CONTAINS GLASS AND METALS. THE ENERGY POTENTAL
OF  THE  SOLID WASTE GENERATED IN METROPOLITAN AREAS IS ESTIMATED TO BE 150
MILLION  BBL/YR   OF  OIL  EQUIVALENT.  THE NONCOMBUSTIBLE PERCENTAGE OF THE
WASTE  STREAM  IS  IMPORTANT   AS  A  SOURCE  OF REVENUE. THE TOTAL ECONOMIC
FEASIBILITY OF   A RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM WILL DEPEND ON ENERGY REVENUES,
MATERIALS   REVENUES,   AND  DISPOSAL  FEES.  DEMONSTRATION RESOURCE RECOVERY
SYSTEMS  SHOULD  BE OPERATED FOR A TEST PERIOD TO DETERMINE DEFINITIVELY THE
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF SUCH  SYSTEMS IN ACTUAL PRACTICE. (4 TABLES)
[EGY]
0104731    76-022474
THE  MARKETS  FOR  AND   THE   ECONOMICS  OF  HEAT  ENERGY FROM SOLID WASTE
INCINERATION,
  WILSON,  MAURICE J.  ;  SWINDLE,   DAVID W.
  I.C. THOMASSON & ASSOC,  TENN,
  .RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION,  APR 76,  VI,  N3,  P197 (10)

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  SURVEY    REPORT    THE  MARKET  FOR  HEAT  ENERGY  WHEN  EXTRACTED  IN  A
-CONVENTIONAL  INCINERATION  PROCESS  TO  PRODUCE  STEAM FOR USE IN COOLING,
HEATING,  OR  CERTAIN  PROCESS  REQUIREMENTS  IS  EVALUATED. INVESTMENT AND
OPERATING   COSTS  FOR A SOLID WASTE INCINERATOR FACILITY WITH HEAT RECOVERY
APPLICABLE   TO SOUTHEASTERN U.S. ARE DEVELOPED. DATA PROVIDED MAY BE USEFUL
IN  ANALYZING PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPING PRELIMINARY INFORMATION FOR BUDGETING
PURPOSES.  (1 GRAPH,  4 TABLES)
[EGY]
                      i

0101387   *75-005641
USING SOLID WASTE TO CONSERVE RESOURCES AND TO CREATE ENERGY,
  EPA REPORT RED-75-326, FEE 27, 75 (75)

  SPECIAL REPORT  RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS PROVIDE ASSISTANCE IN ATTACKING
THE  MOUNTING  SOLID  WASTE  PROBLEM IN U.S. CITIES IN FOUR IMPORTANT WAYS:
REDUCE  AIR  POLLUTION; DISPOSE OF WASTE WITHOUT USING QUANTITIES OF SCARCE
LAND;  GENERATE  ENERGY;  AND  RECOVER MATERIAL RESOURCES, PARTICULARLY THE
NONRENEWABLE  ONES,   SUCH AS IRON AND ALUMINUM. STEPS TAKEN TOWARD RESOURCE
RECOVERY WITH FEDERAL ASSISTANCE SINCE THE PASSAGE OF THE RESOURCE RECOVERY
ACT  OF  1970  ARE  REVIEWED.  SEVERAL  MAJOR  UNRESOLVED ISSUES HINDER THE
DEVELOPMENT  OF  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  SYSTEMS, AND PROGRESS TO DATE HAS BEEN
SLOW  AND   COSTLY.   FEDERAL  ASSISTANCE TO STATES AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES FOR
ESTABLISHING  RESOURCE  RECOVERY SYSTEMS MUST BE EXPANDED. INFORMATION FROM
THE INVESTIGATION PRESENTED WILL BE USEFUL IN DETERMINING THE DIMENSIONS OF
FUTURE  LEGISLATION   CONCERNING SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, RECOVERY OF RESOURCES
FROM  SOLID  WASTES,  CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES, AND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT. (2
DIAGRAMS, 1 DRAWING, 10 PHOTOS)
[EGY]


0102148   *75-008017
ENERGY IN SOLID WASTE-A CITIZEN GUIDE TO SAVING,
  CITIZENS'  ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON ENV QUALITY REPORT, UNDATED (39)

  SPECIAL REPORT  TOTAL MUNICIPAL WASTE COLLECTION FOR 1971 IN THE U.S. WAS
125  MILLION  TONS,  OR 3.2 LB/DAY PER PERSON. COSTS OF COLLECTION WILL SOAR
FROM  $2.6   BILLION   IN 1971 TO $3.7 BILLION IN 1980. SIGNIFICANTLY, 80% OF
THE MATERIALS ARE COMBUSTIBLE,  HAVE LOW SULFUR CONTENT,  AND COULD BE BURNED
AS  FUEL.   THE  COMBUSTION  AND  RECYCLABLE  POTENTIAL  OF  SOLID  WASTE IS
REVIEWED.   SOURCE REDUCTION,  SOURCE SEPARATION,  AND PROBLEMS OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT   IN  HOUSEHOLDS ARE DISCUSSED.  ROLES THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
COULD PLAY  TO IMPROVE THE  SOLID WASTE PROBLEMS IN THE COUNTRY ARE REVIEWED.
ACTIVITIES   FOR  INDIVIDUAL CITIZENS AND COMMUNITIES TO  IMPROVE SOLID WASTE
REUSE ARE DISCUSSED.  (2 DIAGRAMS,  2 GRAPHS,  3 TABLES)
[EGY]

0102009     75-007622
AN ECONOMIC  ANALYSIS OF FUEL GAS PRODUCTION FROM SOLID WASTE,
  KISPERT,    R.  G.  ;  SADEK S.  E.;  WISE D.  L.
  DYNATECH R&D CO, MASS,
  •RESOURCE RECOVERY  & CONSERVATION,  MAY 75,  VI,  Nl,  P95  (15)

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  TECHNICAL  REPORT   AN ENGINEERING ANALYSIS IS CONDUCTED TO ESTABLISH THE
ECONOMICS   OF  METHANE PRODUCTION BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE. A PLANT PROCESSING 907,000 KG/DAY AND SERVING A METROPOLITAN AREA OF
ABOUT 500,000 PERSONS IS SPECIFIED ON THE BASIS OF KNOWN CHARACTERISTICS OF
WASTE  HANDLING,   RATES  OF  GAS  GENERATION, AND SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT COSTS.
METHANE  CAN   BE   PRODUCED AT A BASE-LINE COST OF $0.074/CU M. THIS COST IS
ECONOMICALLY   ACCEPTABLE  WHEN  COMPARED WITH PROJECTED COSTS OF NATURAL OR
SYNTHETIC   GAS.   OPERATING  ENERGY  REQUIREMENTS  CONSUME THE EQUIVALENT OF
37.5% OF THE  GAS  PRODUCED. (2 DIAGRAMS, 2 GRAPHS, 2 TABLES)
[EGY]


0102030     75-007644
USING WASTE MATERIALS AS INDUSTRIAL FUEL,
  FERNANDES J.  H.
  COMBUSTION  ENGINEERING,
  PLANT ENGINEERING, MAY 29,  75, V29, Nil, P59 (3)

  SURVEY  REPORT    AS  INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES HAVE GROWN AND AMOUNTS OF WASTE
MATERIAL  HAVE INCREASED PROPORTIONATELY, ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR RECYCLING
WASTE   MATERIALS    HAVE  LIKEWISE  INCREASED.  POLLUTION  REGULATIONS  AND
INCREASING  COSTS  AND SCARCITY OF MANY RAW MATERIALS HAVE FURTHER INCREASED
THE  NEED   FOR RECYCLING.  ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE, FIELD-ERECTED INDUSTRIAL
BOILERS  THAT  CAN  BURN  WASTES AS FUELS WITHOUT POLLUTING THE ENVIRONMENT
HAVE  BEEN  DEVELOPED  IN  ANSWER TO THE DISPOSAL PROBLEM. INCINERATION CAN
REDUCE  THE  VOLUME  OF  REFUSE  BY  ABOUT  90%, AND CAN GENERATE STEAM FOR
HEATING  AND   PROCESS  USE  AT  A  REASONABLE COST. (2 DIAGRAMS, 1 GRAPH, 3
TABLES)
[EGY]


0103960     76-021733
USE OF MUNICIPAL WASTE FOR FUEL,
  GOLAR MARTHA
  COMMISSION  ON CRITICAL CHOICES FOR AMERICA, WASH DC,
  PRESENTED AT AICHE 3RD ENERGY & ENV CONF, OHIO, SEP 29-OCT 1, 75, P34 (6)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE   ENERGY  RECOVERY  FROM  MUNICIPAL  WASTE  CAN MAKE A
SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO THE NATION'S FUTURE ENERGY MIX, AND ALSO AFFECT
POSITIVELY  THE  ECONOMICS OF MATERIALS RECYCLING. THE ENERGY GAIN POSSIBLE
FROM  STEAM,   SOLID  FUEL, AND LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUEL SYSTEMS IS OUTLINED.
THE  MARKET  FOR   ENERGY RECOVERY" SYSTEMS AND DEMAND FOR RECYCLED MATERIALS
ARE   DISCUSSED.    UNCERTAINTY  IN  THE  PRIVATE  SECTOR  ABOUT  RETURN  ON
INVESTMENT,    ENGINEERING  AND  ECONOMIC  UNKNOWNS,   AND  MANAGEMENT  SKILL
DEFICIENCIES  IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ALL CONSTRAIN THE PROLIFERATION OF ENERGY
RECOVERY SYSTEMS.  (24 REFERENCES)
[EGY]


0101662   *75-006444
 FIRST REPORT  TO  CONGRESS:  RESOURCE  RECOVERY AND  SOURCE
REDUCTION,
  EPA SOLID WASTE  MANAGEMENT  REPORT,  1974 (65)

-------
  SPECIAL  REPORT    RESOURCE  RECOVERY IS INVESTIGATED AS A METHOD OF SOLID
WASTE  MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION. THE STUDY'S EMPHASIS IS ON THE
RECOVERY  OF  MATERIALS  AND  ENERGY  FROM MIXED MUNICIPAL WASTES AND OTHER
WASTES  THAT  ARE   DISCARDED AND ACCUMULATE OUTSIDE NORMAL WASTE COLLECTION
CHANNELS. NEARLY ALL MAJOR MATERIALS ARE RECOVERABLE TO SOME EXTENT THROUGH
RECYCLING.  THE  LEVEL  OF  RECYCLING DEPENDS ALMOST ENTIRELY ON ECONOMICS.
ALTHOUGH  SUFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO EXTRACT MATERIALS AND
ENERGY FROM MIXED MUNICIPAL WASTE,  FEW FULL-SCALE RECOVERY PLANTS EXIST DUE
TO  THE  RELATIVELY  HIGH  COSTS OF THESE PLANTS; RECOVERY BY TECHNOLOGICAL
MEANS  IS  ATTRACTIVE  ONLY  IN AREAS WHERE HIGH DISPOSAL COSTS PREVAIL AND
LOCAL  MARKETS  FOR WASTE MATERIALS EXIST.  RESEARCH INDICATES THAT COMPARED
WITH  VIRGIN  MATERIAL EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING, RESOURCE RECOVERY RESULTS
IN  LESS ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS,  WATERBORNE WASTES,  MINING AND SOLID WASTES,
AND  ENERGY  CONSUMPTION.   DURING  THE  NEXT  FEW YEARS, HOWEVER, RECYCLING
SHOULD  BECOME  MORE  ECONOMICAL  RELATIVE  TO  OTHER  SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
OPTIONS.  THE  COMPLEX  ISSUES  OF  MATERIAL UTILIZATION IN THE U.S. IN THE
CONTEXT  OF  TOTAL   RESOURCE  UTILIZATION  SHOULD  BE  EXPLORED FURTHER. (6
DIAGRAMS, 8 GRAPHS,  40 REFERENCES,  28 TABLES)
[EGY]
0151864   *81-004731
MUNICIPAL WASTE: A RESOURCE AND A POLLUTANT,
  LIEBERMAN CALVIN
  INST OF SCRAP IRON & STEEL,
  ENV COMMENT, MAR 81, P4  (3)

  SURVEY  REPORT  RESOURCE  RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS A COMPLEX
ISSUE.   ENVIRONMENTAL,  ECONOMIC,   MARKETING,   AND  TRANSPORT  ASPECTS  OF
RESOURCE  RECOVERY  ARE  CONSIDERED.   THE  CONTROVERSY  SURROUNDING  PUBLIC
SUBSIDY  OF THE RESOURCE RECOVERY INDUSTRY IS EXPLORED.  PROBLEMS OF MEETING
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ARE  DISCUSSED.  (2 PHOTOS)
[ENV]
0124017   *77-006054
LANDFILL ALTERNATIVES  MUST  BE  PROVEN  BEFORE  PROJECTS ARE
LAUNCHED,
  STEFANELLI LEONARD
  SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT, MAY  77,  V20, N5, P58  (6)

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  SURVEY  REPORT  A COMPREHENSIVE STATEWIDE SYSTEM MANDATING THAT A PORTION
OF  ALL  CONSUMER  GOODS  USE  RECYCLED  MATERIALS  IN  THE  MANUFACTURE OF
PACKAGING PRODUCTS IS THE ONLY WAY TO IMPLEMENT A RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAM
IN  CALIFORNIA.   SUCH  A  PROGRAM  WOULD  BE  IN  MARKED  CONTRAST TO OTHER
PROPOSALS   FOR  RECOVERY AT THE SOURCE OR FOR COMPOSTING, PROGRAMS THAT ARE
TECHNICALLY  EFFECTIVE,   BUT  INCAPABLE OF CONFORMING TO THE ECONOMICS OF A
LARGE-SCALE  PROGRAM.  THE  URGENCY  OF A RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAM MUST BE
RECOGNIZED   IF  A  MOUNTAIN  OF  OLD NEWSPAPERS IS NOT TO ENGULF CALIFORNIA
BEFORE THE  EARTHQUAKE DOES.
[ENV]


0123363     77-005448
STOP FIGHTING, START CONTRACTING,
  LEWIS STEPHEN  G.
  MITRE CO,  MASS,
  AMERICAN  CITY,  JUN 77,  V92,  N4, P67 (3)


  TECHNICAL  FEATURE   THE  ECONOMIES  OF  SCALE  OF  A  CAPITAL  INTENSIVE
OPERATION,    SUCH   AS  SOLID  WASTE  DISPOSAL,   IS  A  RATIONALE  FOR  THE
REGIONALIZATION   OF THIS TYPE OF OPERATION.  ALSO,  LOCATING PROCESSING SITES
AND DISPOSAL AREAS  IS EASIER ON A REGIONAL BASIS BECAUSE OF THE LARGER AREA
INVOLVED, AND THE GOALS  OF A COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE PLAN SHOULD COVER AS
MANY  COMMUNITIES AS POSSIBLE.  SMALL-SCALE RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS CAN BE
INSTALLED   IN COMMUNITIES  WITH FROM 30,000-200,000 PERSONS IF AN EXISTING
ENERGY  CUSTOMER  EXISTS  COMPATIBLE  WITH  WHAT  THE SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO
PRODUCE. (2  GRAPHS,  11 PHOTOS)
[ENV]
0120203   *77-002562
SOLID WASTE-MATERIALS AND ENERGY RECOVERY,
  SEN COMM GOVT OPERATIONS 94 CON 2 REPORT 94-1319,  1976 (29)

  SPECIAL  REPORT   THE   PROBLEM OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL WHICH IS
ENDEMIC  TO  URBAN  AREAS  AND  GROWING  WORSE,   IS EXPLORED. A MAJORITY OF
COMMUNITIES  HAVE  ENVIRONMENTALLY DEGRADING DISPOSAL SYSTEMS THAT USE OPEN
DUMPS  OR  INADEQUATE  LANDFILLS.  EPA  AND ERDA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND
RESOURCE  RECOVERY PROGRAMS NEITHER INDUCE NOR ADEQUATELY ASSIST STATES AND
COMMUNITIES  TOWARD A SOLUTION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS. HOWEVER,
THE  NEW  METHODS  FOR   RECOVERING  ENERGY  FROM REFUSE ARE TECHNOLOGICALLY
VIABLE  AND  ECONOMICALLY SOUND. RESOURCE RECOVERY IS HINDERED BY A LACK OF
CLEAR  ENVIRONMENTAL  REQUIREMENTS  AND  LEGAL,   POLITICAL,  FINANCIAL, AND
INSTITUTIONAL  BARRIERS.   RESOURCE  RECOVERY  FACILITIES  CAN  BE BUILT AND
FINANCED WITHOUT FEDERAL ASSISTANCE.
[ENV]

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0118691    *77-001201
SOLID WASTE,  SEWAGE, AND ENERGY-A SYMBIOTIC APPROACH,
  DALE J.  C.
  ENERGY MANAGEMENT GROUP, NEW YORK CITY,
  PRESENTED   AT  AICHE/EPA  3RD  NATL  CONF ON WATER REUSE, CINCINNATI, JUN
27-30, 76, P35  (2)

  SURVEY   REPORT   IN  THE  AREA OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, THERE HAS BEEN A
NUMBER  OF SIGNIFICANT  ADVANCES  IN  JUST  A  FEW  YEARS.  FROM  THE  OLD
BURN-OR-BURY  PHILOSOPHY, TECHNOLOGY HAS ARRIVED AT THE POINT WHERE RESOURCE
RECOVERY IS NOT NOT ONLY A VIABLE OPTION BUT ONE THAT IS OFTEN ECONOMICALLY
SUPERIOR.  INSOFAR  AS  INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLIERS ARE CONCERNED, THERE ARE
MANY  CORPORATIONS  UTILIZING  AN  EXCELLENT  SOURCE  OF  POTABLE WATER FOR
STANDARD,  NONCRITICAL OPERATIONS. A HYPOTHETICAL ANYTOWN, USA, IS DESIGNED
USING VARIOUS SYMBIOTICS TO MAXIMIZE ENERGY EFFICIENCY, WATER CONSERVATION,
AND COST BENEFITS.  STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGY IS ILLUSTRATED AS A POSSIBLE
MEANS  FOR EFFICIENT  WATER  AND WASTEWATER CONTROL, AND ONLY QUESTIONS OF
LIABILITY  HAVE  YET TO BE SOLVED.
[ENV]

0117196    *76-008138
HEALTH ASPECT CONSIDERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH RESOURCE RECOVERY,
  DIAZ,  L. F.   ;  RILEY L.; SAVAGE G.; TREZEK G. J.
  UNIV OF  CALIFORNIA,  BERKELEY,
  COMPOST  SCIENCE,  SUMMER 76,  V17, N3, P18 (7)

  TECHNICAL   REPORT   POTENTIAL  AND  ACTUAL  POLLUTION PROBLEMS OF A SOLID
WASTE   RECYCLING   SYSTEM   ARE   DEFINED  AND  QUANTIFIED.  NOISE,  DUST,
PARTICULATES,   MICROORGANISMS,  AND  METAL  CONTENT  IN  DRY  PROCESSES ARE
INVESTIGATED.   WATER  USED  IN  FIBER RECOVERY IS ANALYZED FOR BOD AND COD. .
THERE  ARE  PUBLIC  AND  INDUSTRIAL  HAZARDS  OPERATING A RESOURCE RECOVERY
FACILITY,  MAINLY  IN  THE  FORM  OF AIRBORNE DUST PARTICLES. (1 DIAGRAM, 1
GRAPH, 21 REFERENCES,  11 TABLES)
[ENV]

0109007    *76-000636
THE FEDERAL VIEW OF RESOURCE RECOVERY,
  PHOENIX QUARTERLY,  SPRING 75, V7,  Nl,  P7 (3)

  INTERVIEW   ARSEN  DARNAY,   EPA  DEPUTY ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR SOLID
WASTE  MANAGEMENT   PROGRAMS,   ESTIMATES   THAT MORE THAN HALF OF URBAN WASTE
COULD  BE  RECOVERED AS ENERGY OR AS A SALEABLE MATERIALS STREAM.  MUNICIPAL
WASTE  METALS,   RATHER  THAN  SCRAP,   SHOULD DISPLACE VIRGIN MATERIALS,  BUT
LOCAL  AND  STATE   GOVERNMENTS HAVE  AS MUCH RIGHT AS ANYONE TO MARKET THEIR
SCRAP. FORMAL RESTRICTION OF THAT RIGHT  WOULD ENCOUNTER MANY OBSTACLES.  THE
SOLUTION TO VARIOUS INCENTIVE,  FREIGHT RATE,  AND LEGISLATIVE PROBLEMS IS TO
EXPAND TOTAL  DEMAND FOR RECYCLED MATERIALS.
[ENV]

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0109005    *76-000634
MUNICIPAL  SOLID  WASTE  AND  RESOURCE  RECOVERY,  POSITION STATEMENT AND
OBSERVATIONS,
  PHOENIX  QUARTERLY,  SPRING 75, V7,  Nl, PI (3)

  SURVEY REPORT   WITHOUT ADDITIONAL MARKETS,  THE CREATION OF INVENTORIES OF
SECONDARY  METALLICS   WOULD  BE  EXTREMELY DAMAGING TO THE OVERALL NATIONAL
RECYCLING  EFFORT.  THE INST. OF SCRAP IRON AND STEEL WILL OPPOSE LEGISLATION
THAT  SEEKS  TO   FURTHER  CONTROL  SCRAP  PROCESSORS,  SCRAP MATERIALS, AND
SECONDARY  MATERIALS   PURCHASING  SOLELY  FOR  THE  BENEFIT OR QUASI-PUBLIC
RECYCLING  CENTERS AT  THE  EXPENSE  OF  LONG ESTABLISHED, FREE-ENTERPRISE
BUSINESS.  THE   SCRAP  INDUSTRY  SHOULD  NOT  BE THREATENED BY GOVERNMENTAL
ACTION,  CONTROL,  OR  COMPETITION. ALTHOUGH THE INSTITUTE SUPPORTS RECYCLING
OF ALL METALLICS,  UNLESS SCRAP CONSUMERS INCREASE THEIR PERCENT OF RECYCLED
MATERIALS  TO  TOTAL  MATERIALS CONSUMED, SCRAP GENERATED BY PUBLIC RESOURCE
RECOVERY   SYSTEMS  WILL  EITHER  BACKLOG  OR  DISPLACE  MATERIAL  NOW BEING
RECOVERED  BY THE PRIVATE SECTOR.
[ENV]
0108174   *75-008017
ENERGY IN SOLID WASTE-A CITIZEN GUIDE TO SAVING,
  CITIZENS' ADVISORY  COMMITTEE ON ENV QUALITY REPORT, UNDATED (39)

  SPECIAL REPORT   TOTAL MUNICIPAL WASTE COLLECTION FOR 1971 IN THE U.S. WAS
125  MILLION  TONS, OR 3.2 LB/DAY PER PERSON. COSTS OF COLLECTION WILL SOAR
FROM  $2.6  BILLION   IN 1971 TO $3.7 BILLION IN 1980. SIGNIFICANTLY, 80% OF
THE MATERIALS ARE  COMBUSTIBLE, HAVE LOW SULFUR CONTENT, AND COULD BE BURNED
AS  FUEL.  THE  COMBUSTION  AND  RECYCLABLE  POTENTIAL  OF  SOLID  WASTE IS
REVIEWED.  SOURCE  REDUCTION, SOURCE SEPARATION, AND PROBLEMS OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT  IN  HOUSEHOLDS ARE DISCUSSED. ROLES THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
COULD PLAY TO IMPROVE THE  SOLID WASTE PROBLEMS IN THE COUNTRY ARE REVIEWED.
ACTIVITIES  FOR  INDIVIDUAL CITIZENS AND COMMUNITIES TO IMPROVE SOLID WASTE
REUSE ARE DISCUSSED.  (2 DIAGRAMS,  2 GRAPHS, 3 TABLES)
[ENV]
0100809   *75-000810
DECISION-MAKERS GUIDE  IN  SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT,
  COLONNA,   ROBERT  A.   ;   MCLAREN  CYNTHIA   EPA  OFFICE  OF  SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT,
  EPA REPORT SW 127, 1974  (157)

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  SPECIAL  REPORT   KEY ISSUES OF  SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ARE PRESENTED  IN A
DECISION-MAKING  CONTEXT.  EACH  CHAPTER  PRESENTS A SINGLE  ISSUE, DESCRIBES
ALTERNATIVES,  GIVES ASSETS AND  DISADVANTAGES, AND  CONCLUDES WITH A SUMMARY
AND EPA RECOMMENDATIONS. THE FOUR  BASIC CATEGORIES  FOR DECISION-MAKING  ARE:
COSTS-OPERATING  AND  MAINTENANCE, AND CAPITAL;  ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS-WATER
AND  AIR  POLLUTION,  OTHER  HEALTH  FACTORS, AND AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS;
RESOURCE   CONSERVATION-ENERGY,  MATERIALS,  AND LAND;  AND  INSTITUTIONAL
FACTORS-POLITICAL  FEASIBILITY,  LEGISLATIVE CONSTRAINTS, AND ADMINISTRATIVE
SIMPLICITY.  OTHER  TOPICS  INCLUDE MULTIJURISDICTIONAL APPROACHES, STORAGE
CONTAINERS,   COLLECTION  OF  BULKY  ITEMS,  PERSONNEL  INCENTIVE  SYSTEMS,
BAILING,  SHREDDING,  MATERIALS  RECOVERY, SEWAGE SLUDGE, HAZARDOUS WASTES,
AND DUMP COVERING METHODS. (9 DIAGRAMS, NUMEROUS REFERENCES, 41 TABLES)
[ENVJ

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STATE PROGRAMS
0114187   *78-022592
REPLACING ONE WASTE FUEL WITH ANOTHER,
  WASTE AGE, MAY  78,  V9,  N5,  P20 (6)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE    THE NEED FOR A COUNTY-WIDE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PLAN
IN  LANE  COUNTY,   ORE.,  LED TO THE FORMATION OF A RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM
INVOLVING  EIGHT   LANDFILLS,   10  RURAL  TRANSFER  STATIONS,  AND ONE MAJOR
TRANSFER  STATION  WITH A 500 TON/DAY REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL PLANT. THE SYSTEM
WAS FUNDED BY A BOND  APPROVED BY TAXPAYERS, A STATE GRANT, AND COUNTY FUNDS
FOR  RECYCLING  MATERIALS.  THE  DISPOSAL  FACILITIES  AND  THE  PLANT  ARE
DESCRIBED.  THE   FUEL  PRODUCED WILL EVENTUALLY BE SOLD ON A REGULAR BASIS.
THE SYSTEM IS MANAGED BY A PRIVATE INDUSTRY, A SETUP THAT ALLOWS THE COUNTY
TO  MAINTAIN  PRIMARY  RESPONSIBILITY  FOR  DISPOSAL  AND  RECYCLING  WHILE
ATTAINING   EFFICIENT  OPERATION.  REFUSE-DERIVED  FUEL  SHOULD  EVENTUALLY
REPLACE  THE  DIMINISHING  WOOD  WASTE  PRESENTLY USED TO FIRE BOILERS. (12
PHOTOS)
[EGY]
0126923   *78-001991
EIGHT THOUSAND TONS A DAY OF SOMEBODY ELSE'S GARBAGE,
  EASTERBROOK GREGG E.
  WASTE AGE, JAN  78,  V9,  Nl, P22 (7)

  TECHNICAL   FEATURE    IN   1969,   NEW  JERSEY'S  HACKENSACK  MEADOWLANDS
DEVELOPMENT  COMMISSION   WAS  ESTABLISHED  TO STIMULATE THE AREA'S ECONOMY,
RESTORE  ITS  ECOLOGY,  AND  MANAGE THE OVERWHELMING AMOUNT OF SOLID WASTES
DUMPED  THERE AT  A RATE OF 8000 TON/DAY. WITH THE AID OF NEW ZONING POWERS,
THE  COMMISSION   BLOCKED  A PLANNED 1400 ACRE LANDFILL, REFUSED TO ALLOW ANY
NEW  LANDFILL  TO OPEN,   AND REDUCED THE AREAS OF ACTIVE BURIAL FROM 2,500
DOWN  TO 500 ACRES. THE COMMISSION'S  MOST FAR-REACHING MOVE WAS TO DESIGN A
MASTER  PLAN  TO  INSURE   ACCEPTABLE   WASTE  HANDLING IN PERPETUITY. IT HAS
PROPOSED  A  COMBINATION   OF BALERS,  RESOURCE RECOVERY, AND WASTE REDUCTION
PROJECTS AIMED AT EVENTUALLY ELIMINATING CONVENTIONAL LANDFILLS. (6 PHOTOS)
[ENV]

-------
0125374    *78-000522
RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN OHIO,
  OHIO EPA REPORT,  NOV 76 (337)

  SPECIAL  REPORT  SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN OHIO, HANDLED UNTIL RECENTLY ON
A LOCAL BASIS,  HAS BECOME AN INCREASINGLY COMPLEX PROBLEM, LEADING DECISION
MAKERS  TO CONSIDER  A MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE RECOVERY PROGRAM THAT WOULD BE
COORDINATED  ON  A REGIONAL  SCALE.  AN ANALYSIS OF THE AVAILABLE DATA AND
DEFINITIONS  OF THE EXTENT OF THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE PROBLEM WITHIN OHIO
ARE PRESENTED.  THE CURRENT STATE OF THE ART OF RESOURCE RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY
IS  REVIEWED,   AND A  TECHNICAL,  INSTITUTIONAL,  FINANCIAL, AND MARKETING
FRAMEWORK  FOR  A STATEWIDE RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAM IS DEVELOPED. RESOURCE
RECOVERY   SYSTEMS WILL NOT COMPLETELY ELIMINATE THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEM BUT
WILL  FACILITATE  DISPOSAL  AND  PROVIDE  THE  MANAGEMENT  COMPANIES WITH A
CERTAIN  PROFIT MARGIN FROM MARKETING OF THE RECOVERED MATERIALS. THE STATE
MUST  TAKE A   MORE  ACTIVE  ROLE  IN THE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF SUCH A
PROGRAM  IF  IT  IS  TO  SUCCEED  ON  A REGIONAL BASIS. (NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS,
GRAPHS, REFERENCES, TABLES)
[ENV]


0124039    77-006076
NEW YORK TOUGHENS SOLID-WASTE RULES,
  FABER HAROLD
  NEW YORK TIMES,  AUG 28,  77, P48

  NEWS  REPORT    THE  NEW YORK STATE DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION HAS
INSTITUTED  NEW,   MORE  STRINGENT  REGULATIONS  ON  THE  CONSTRUCTION  AND
OPERATION  OF   LANDFILLS,   INCINERATORS,  AND  OTHER  SOLID  WASTE DISPOSAL
FACILITIES. MANY UPSTATE AND RURAL COMMUNITIES WERE NOTIFIED THAT THEY MUST
DECIDE  ON AND  PROCEED WITH CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN DISPOSAL FACILITIES OR
FACE  PENALTIES  FOR   NONCOMPLIANCE  THAT  COULD  INCLUDE  A  FINE OF UP TO
$500/DAY.   ALTHOUGH    THE   NEW  .RULES   WILL   MEAN  ADDED  EXPENSE  FOR
MUNICIPALITIES,   THEY  ARE  EXPECTED  TO ACHIEVE CONSOLIDATION OF SERVICES,
WHICH WILL BE MORE EFFICIENT AND EVENTUALLY MORE ECONOMICAL.
[ENV]

0124014    *77-006051
1977  SURVEY  OF RESOURCES  RECOVERY  AND  ENERGY  CONSERVATION
PRACTICES,
  WASTE AGE, MAR 77,  V8,  N3,  P66 (4)

  SURVEY  REPORT   RESOURCE   RECOVERY  AND  ENERGY  CONVERSION PRACTICES AS
REPORTED   BY  STATE   SOLID  WASTE CONTROL AGENCIES ARE LISTED.  A LOSS OF 38
INCINERATORS FROM A GAIN OF  53 AS ANTICIPATED IN A 1974 SURVEY IS A NOTABLE
REVERSAL.  ALMOST  80%  OF 47  UNITS PROPOSED WITHIN THE NEXT TWO YEARS ARE IN
THE  MIDDLE  AND EASTERN U.S. ONLY A HANDFUL OF EXISTING  RESOURCE RECOVERY
FACILITIES RECEIVED STATE  ENDORSEMENT.  EMPHASIS IS ON STATES ALLOWING LOCAL
DECISIONS. (2 TABLES)
[ENV]

-------
0118682    *77-001192
-CURRENT  SOLID WASTE RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN NEW YORK STATE; CURRENT SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN PUERTO RICO,
  GODDARD  CHARLES N. ;  ROBENA,  SANTOS   (ENV QUALITY BOARD, SAN JUAN),
  (NEW YORK DEPT OF ENV CONSERVATION), AND
  PRESENTED  AT EPA/RUTGERS UNIV SYM ON GAS AND LEACHATE FOR LANDFILLS, NEW
BRUNSWICK,  MAR 25-26,  75,  P16 (10)

  SURVEY   REPORT   THERE ARE CURRENTLY 22 PROPOSALS FOR DEVELOPING RESOURCE
RECOVERY    SYSTEMS   IN  NEW  YORK.  RESEARCH  IS  PROGRESSING  TOWARD  THE
DEVELOPMENT  OF  LEACHATE INDICES, MEASURED FROM FLOW IN STREAMS. IN PUERTO
RICO, WHERE LAND DISPOSAL IS THE MOST WIDELY USED DISPOSAL METHOD, RESEARCH
CONTINUES   ON  ADVANCED  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  SYSTEMS  WITH  THE EMPHASIS ON
ECONOMIC   FEASIBILITY,   MARKET ANALYSIS, AND COLLECTION PLANS. A CASE STUDY
OF  THE  BAYAMON  LANDFILL  SITE INDICATES A PROGRESSIVE IMPROVEMENT OF THE
MIXED LEACHED FLUID DUE TO DILUTION AND AERATION OF THE LEACHATE ON ITS WAY
DOWNSTREAM.  (1 MAP,  8  REFERENCES, 2 TABLES)
[ENV]
0117933    77-000481
LEGISLATIVE IMPACTS ON THE RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAM FOR HAWAII,
  BURZELL,  LINDEN A.   ;  HYLIN JOHN; RIMER ALAN E.; VESILIND P. AARNE
  URS RESEARCH, HONOLULU,
  PRESENTED  AT  WATER &  WASTEWATER EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSN 4TH ANNUAL
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL CONF, HOUSTON, MAR 30-APR 1, 76, P10 (14)

  SURVEY  REPORT   THE PROCESS USED BY THE TASK FORCE ON SOLID WASTE ENERGY
AND  RESOURCE  TECHNOLOGY  IN  HAWAII  TO  DEVELOP  A RESPONSE TO THE STATE
LEGISLATURE'S  REQUEST TO RECOMMEND A SUITABLE STRUCTURE FOR ACCOMPLISHING
RESOURCE RECOVERY IS DESCRIBED.  AS .PART OF THE PROGRAM ESTABLISHED TO SOLVE
RECYCLING   AND   ENERGY   RECOVERY  PROBLEMS,   THE  STATE  ADOPTED  SEVERAL
POSITIONS:  CREATE  AN OAHU CENTER FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY; USE EXISTING LAWS
TO  DEVELOP  AN  OVERALL   APPROACH  TO  SOLID  WASTE  MANAGEMENT; ENACT NEW
ENABLING  LEGISLATION;  CONDUCT  A  LITTER  SURVEY PRIOR TO ANY RESTRICTIVE
CONTAINER  LAWS;  CONDUCT  A STATEWIDE ANTI-LITTER CAMPAIGN AND EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAM;  AND STABILIZE MARKETS FOR SECONDARY MATERIALS. THE INSULAR NATURE
OF  HAWAII  LENDS SPECIAL CREDENCE TO SOLUTIONS OFFERED FOR THE PROBLEMS OF
SOLID WASTE HANDLING AND  DISPOSAL. (1 DIAGRAM,  1 MAP, 1 TABLE)
[ENV]
0107410   *75-007270
A NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF  RESOURCE RECOVERY ACTIVITIES,
  HOPPER RICHARD E.
  EPA REPORT 530-SW-142,  JAN 75 (74)

-------
  SPECIAL   REPORT   ACTIVITY  REPORTS  OF STATE AND LOCAL RESOURCE RECOVERY
PROJECTS   IN   THE  U.S.  INCLUDE  LOCATION,  EPA  CONTACT, PROJECT CONTACT,
PROJECT  TYPE,   TONS  PER  DAY,  CAPITAL  COST,  METHOD  OF  FINANCING, AND
CONTRACTOR.  A  BRIEF  DESCRIPTION  OF THE PROJECT'S STATUS IS INCLUDED FOR
EACH  ACTIVITY REPORT.  RESOURCE RECOVERY PROJECTS IN 44 CITIES AND COUNTIES
AND IN 17  STATES ARE DESCRIBED.
[ENV]


0102505    *75-002473
THE STATES' ROLE IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT-A TASK FORCE REPORT,
  ANDERSON,    THOMAS  ;  ANDRES  DONALD  R.; BROWN JUNE; GERSHOWITZ HAROLD;
JENSEN TOM; JIHNSTON GORDON N.; MCINTOSH CHARLES P.
  COUNCIL  OF STATE  GOVERNMENT REPORT, APR 5, 74  (58)

  SPECIAL   REPORT  AN EFFORT TO ASSESS THE ROLES OF THE STATES, THEIR LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS,   AND  THE  FEDERAL  GOVERNMENT  REGARDING  CURRENT SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IS REPORTED. PROBLEM AREAS INCLUDE: FEDERAL DIRECTIONS;
SOLID   WASTE    CHARACTERISTICS;   ENVIRONMENTAL   CONCERNS;   CONCENTRATED
POPULATION;  LOCAL   GOVERNMENTS;  AND  SOLID  WASTE  MANAGEMENT-OPERATIONS,
REGULATION,  FINANCING  SERVICES,  AND  STATE  LEGISLATION. SOLUTION TO THE
PROBLEM  OF SOLID   WASTE  REQUIRES  A  NATIONAL PROGRAM, INCLUDING A BROAD
SPECTRUM   OF   FEDERAL  EFFORTS  WITH  JOINT  PARTICIPATION  FROM THE STATES
ORIENTED   TOWARDS  THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NECESSARY REGULATORY, TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE,  EDUCATIONAL,  AND  PURE  AND  APPLIED  RESEARCH  INSTITUTIONAL
COMPLEX.    MORE  SPECIFIC  RECOMMENDATIONS  FOR  STATE  FUNCTIONS,  FEDERAL
OBJECTIVES, AND RESOURCE RECOVERY ARE ALSO PRESENTED.  (28 REFERENCES)
[ENV]
0102492    75-002460
STATE TO RECYCLE  85%  OF CITIES'  SOLID WASTES,
  ENGINEERING NEWS  RECORD,  OCT 17, 74, V193, N17, P39 (2)

  TECHNICAL  REPORT   CONNECTICUT  WILL  RECYCLE 85% OF ITS RESIDENTIAL AND
COMMERCIAL  WASTE  SOLIDS  BY 1985; THE RESULTANT FUEL WILL MEET 10% OF THE
STATE'S POWER NEEDS.  DETAILS OF THE PLAN, WHICH INCLUDES CONSTRUCTION OF 10
REGIONAL SOLID WASTE  RECYCLING CENTERS ARE PRESENTED. THE FIRST TWO PLANTS,
SLATED FOR 1976,  ARE  ONE AT BRIDGEPORT, WHERE A SHREDDED CONFETTI-LIKE FUEL
CONTAINING  10%   MOISTURE,   8-14% ASH, AND ABOUT 14 MILLION BTU/TON WILL BE
RECOVERED,  AND   ONE  AT BERLIN,  WHERE THE FUEL WILL BE A POWDERED SUBSTANCE
THAT CAN BE USED  AS A COAL  SUBSTITUTE OR MIXED WITH EITHER COAL OR OIL. THE
ROGRAM IS EXPECTED  TO SAVE  TAXPAYERS $100 MILLION BY 1985, REDUCE EMISSIONS
FROM  INCINERATORS,   AND REDUCE  THE  LAND  NEEDED  FOR DISPOSAL SITES. (1
DIAGRAM, 1 DRAWING, 1 MAP)
[ENV]

-------
CASE STUDIES
0114188    *78-022593
THE ACID TEST  FOR BRIDGEPORT,
  EASTERBROOK  GREGG E.
  WASTE AGE, MAY  78, V9,  N5,  P46 (6)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE A RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM IN CONNECTICUT IS CENTERED
AROUND A $53 MILLION, 1800 TON/DAY REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL PLANT IN BRIDGEPORT.
THE  SYSTEM  FEATURES  LOW  ENERGY,  LOW COST EQUIPMENT, AND SIZE REDUCTION
THROUGH  AN  EMBRITTLING  AGENT  AND  A  BALL  MILL,  METHODS  NEW TO WASTE
PROCESSING.  THE   PRIVATE  SALE  OF  REVENUE  BONDS  FINANCED  THE  SYSTEM.
POTENTIAL  PROBLEMS  ARE  THE   POSSIBILITY  OF  ASH CONTAMINATING THE FUEL,
EXPLOSIONS  IN THE  PROCESS  EQUIPMENT,  AND POLITICAL GAME-PLAYING BY THE
AGENCIES   INVOLVED. THE  CONNECTICUT  RESOURCES  RECOVERY  AUTHORITY  HAS
OVERSEEN THE PROJECT, WHICH INVOLVES A NETWORK OF SIX TRANSFER STATIONS AND
THE BRIDGEPORT PLANT.  (5 PHOTOS)
[EGY]


0125385    *78-000533
THE  ECONOMICS OF  RECOVERING RECYCLABLE MATERIALS FROM URBAN
WASTES,
  BIELICKI LUCIAN C.
  AMERICAN CAN CO,
  PRESENTED  AT  INST  OF  GAS TECHNOLOGY SYM ON CLEAN FUELS FROM BIOMASS &
WASTES, ORLANDO,  JAN 25-28, 77, P279 (11)

  COMMENTARY    A   SYSTEM  MECHANICALLY PROCESSES MUNICIPAL WASTE ON A LARGE
SCALE  TO  SEPARATE DESIRED PRODUCTS,  AND LONG-TERM MARKETS FOR EACH PRODUCT
STREAM  EXIST.  THE  AMERICOLOGY  BUSINESS UNIT OF THE AMERICAN CAN CO. WAS
ORGANIZED  IN   1973  TO  TAKE   ADVANTAGE  OF MUNICIPAL RESOURCE RECOVERY. A
CONTRACT  WAS   NEGOTIATED WITH MILWAUKEE TO PROCESS ALL WASTE FOR 15 YEARS.
THE  PLANT  WAS  FINISHED  IN   1976,   AND  SHIPMENTS OF NEWSPAPERS, FERROUS
METALS, GLASS,  ALUMINUM,  AND AIR CLASSIFIED REFUSE (TO BE BURNED WITH COAL)
SHOULD  BEGIN   IN  1977.   THE   SYSTEM,  AND OTHERS LIKE IT, SHOULD BE BETTER
ECONOMICALLY    THAN  CONVENTIONAL   INCINERATION  AND  PROPOSED  PYROLYSIS
PROJECTS.  (5 GRAPHS, 1  TABLE)
[ENV]

0110241    77-023270
MILWAUKEE LEAPS INTO RESOURCE  RECOVERY,
  SOLID WASTES  MANAGEMENT,  JUN 77,  V20,  N6,  PI6 (3)

-------
  FEATURE   ARTICLE   MILWAUKEE ENTERED THE BIG LEAGUES OF RESOURCE  RECOVERY
BY INAUGURATING AN $18 MILLION FACILITY BUILT BY THE AMERICAN  CAN CO.  UNDER
A  15  YR   CONTRACT FOR DISPOSING OF AND RECYCLING THE CITY'S  SOLID WASTES.
THE LARGEST PORTION OF WASTES, 50-60% BY WEIGHT, CONSISTS OF LIGHT  FRACTION
MATERIAL  REDUCED  TO  LESS  THAN 1 INCH PARTICLE SIZE AND PURCHASED BY  THE
WISCONSIN   ELECTRIC  POWER  CO. ALL WASTES COLLECTED BY THE CITY'S  FLEET OF
159  VEHICLES   EVENTUALLY  WIND  UP AT THE AMERICOLOGY PLANT,  WHICH IS ON A
NINE ACRE SITE  NEAR MARQUETTE UNIV. THE PLANT CAN HANDLE 400,000 TON/YR.  (2
DIAGRAMS, 4 PHOTOS)
[EGY]

0113892   *76-005165
THE NOTTINGHAM  SYSTEM FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY,
  TICHENOR  RICHARD
  RECYCLING AND CONSERVATION, ME,
  COMPOST SCIENCE,  JAN-FEB 76, V17, Nl, P20 (6)

  TECHNICAL FEATURE   THE  NOTTINGHAM,  N.H., SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM,
WHICH  IS   A LOW  CAPITAL-INTENSIVE,   LOW TECHNOLOGY RECOVERY SYSTEM  FOR A
SMALL  TOWN OF  LESS  THAN  10,000  RESIDENTS,  IS EXAMINED. THE UNDERLYING
CONCEPTS  AND   MECHANICS   OF  THE  SYSTEM  ARE  DESCRIBED,  INCLUDING  HOME
SEPARATION   OF   HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND DISPOSITION OF RECYCLED MATERIALS. DATA
ON  HOUSEHOLD   ACCEPTANCE LEVELS, PROPORTION OF RECOVERY LEVELS, COSTS,  AND
RECOVERY  PRICES  OF THE  SYSTEM ARE DISCUSSED. A NOTTINGHAM SYSTEM,  OR SOME
VARIATION   THEREOF,   HOLDS  PROMISE  FOR  MANY  SMALL TOWNS THAT WOULD FIND
ENVIRONMENTALLY  ACCEPTABLE  ALTERNATIVES TO BE PROHIBITIVELY  EXPENSIVE.  (1
PHOTO, 3 TABLES)
[ENV]


0103969     76-021742
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND FLASH PYROLYSIS  OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE,
  PRESTON G. T.
  OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH CORP,  CALIF,
  PRESENTED AT  INST  OF GAS TECHNOLOGY CONF ON CLEAN FUELS,  ORLANDO, FLA,
JAN 27-30,  76,  P89  (26)

  TECHNICAL REPORT   THE  OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH CORP.  RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM
RECOVERS  VALUABLE   METALS AND GLASS FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE, AND CONVERTS  THE
ORGANIC PORTION INTO A USEFUL FUEL OIL BY FLASH PYROLYSIS. PRODUCTS  INCLUDE
READILY  MARKETABLE   FERROUS  METALS,   CLEAN GLASS GULLET, AN  ALUMINUM RICH
NONFERROUS   FRACTION,   AND  A LOW SULFUR LIQUID FUEL.  STATUS OF THE  PROCESS
AND  A  SYSTEM   FLOW  SCHEME ARE PRESENTED.  ENERGY RECOVERIES  AND MATERIALS
BALANCES,   ENVIRONMENTAL   ASPECTS,   MARKETABILITY  OF THE END  PRODUCTS,  AND
OVERALL  ECONOMICS   OF THE  SYSTEM ARE DISCUSSED.  (5 DIAGRAMS, 1 GRAPH,  8
REFERENCES,  7 TABLES)
[EGY]

-------
6117913    *77-000461
KODAK DISPOSES  OF WASTE IN SYSTEM THAT HELPS PAY ITS WAY,
- YOUNG RICHARD A.  ; LISK IAN 0.
  (EDITOR), AND
  POLLUTION ENGINEERING,  SEP 76, V8, N9, P48 (2)

  TECHNICAL   FEATURE   THE  EASTMAN  KODAK  CO. HAS COMPLETED A  $10 MILLION
COMBUSTIBLE   WASTE  DISPOSAL  UNIT  THAT RECLAIMS HEAT, PRODUCES STEAM, AND
RECOVERS   SILVER.   THE  SYSTEM COMBINES THREE OPERATIONS: A REFUSE HANDLING
SECTION  WITH  A  180 TON/DAY CAPACITY; A SLUDGE DRYING SECTION, WHICH USES
ITS  OWN   HEAT   TO  FLASH-DRY  WASTE  FROM  A  KODAK TREATMENT PLANT; AND A
COMBUSTION SECTION  THAT  GENERATES  STEAM FOR PLANT OPERATIONS BY BURNING
REFUSE  AND SLUDGE IN A SUSPENSION-FIRED BOILER. THE MOST IMPORTANT PRODUCT
IS  BOTTOM ASH  FROM  THE  BOILER AND FLYASH FROM THE PRECIPITATORS; THESE
ASHES  CONTAIN   VALUABLE  SILVER. ABOUT 30 TON/DAY OF THE ASH ARE SENT TO A
COMPANY IN CANADA WHERE THE SILVER IS RECOVERED. (1 DIAGRAM)
[ENV]
0110207    77-023236
CHICAGO'S NEW REFUSE  DISPOSAL INSTALLATION,
  SULOWAY MARSHALL
  CHICAGO DEPT OF PUBLIC WORKS,
  PRESENTED  AT  INST  OF  GAS TECHNOLOGY SYM ON CLEAN FUELS FROM BIOMASS &
WASTES, ORLANDO, JAN  25-28,  77,  P303 (7)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE    CHICAGO  HAS  CONSTRUCTED  A  2000 TON/DAY CAPACITY,
SUPPLEMENTARY  FUEL   PROCESSING  FACILITY  AS  ITS  LATEST  WASTE  DISPOSAL
INSTALLATION.  THE  FACILITY  PROVIDES  CLEAN WASTE DISPOSAL WITH INCREASED
EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMY  DUE  TO RESOURCE RECOVERY AND POWER GENERATION AND TO
REVENUE FOR PROCESSED REFUSE.  THE SYSTEM IS DESCRIBED.  DEBUGGING OPERATIONS
SHOULD PRESENT NO LONG  DELAYS.  (1 DRAWING)
[EGY]

0126897    78-001965
THEY'RE MAKING A SUCCESSFUL TRASH-ENERGY SWAP IN NASHVILLE,
  PATTON,  S. R.  ; HOUSTON P.  M.;  GATTMAN W. R.
  NASHVILLE THERMAL TRANSFER CORP,  TENN,
  RESOURCE RECOVERY & ENERGY REVIEW, FALL 77, V4,  N4,  P22 (2)

  FEATURE  ARTICLE    THE NASHVILLE THERMAL TRANSFER CORP., OPENED IN 1974,
HAS HAD A CHECKERED EXISTENCE.  WORD OF BIG FINANCIAL PROBLEMS AND POLLUTION
SPREAD BY 1975, BUT PREDICTIONS  WERE THAT THE OPERATION OF THE DUAL-PURPOSE
SOLID  WASTE  DISPOSAL   AND ENERGY  PRODUCTION PLANT COULD BE TURNED AROUND.
NOW THE PLANT SEEMS OUT OF  THE WOODS AND IN THE BLACK,  BEFORE DEBT SERVICE.
(1 DIAGRAM, 1 PHOTO)
[ENV]

-------
•0104735     76-022478
DESIGN AND POLLUTION CONTROL FEATURES OF THE SAUGUS, MASSACHUSETTS,  STEAM
GENERATING REFUSE-ENERGY PLANT,
  MACADAM WALTER K.
  WHEELABRATOR-FRYE,
  RESOURCE RECOVERY  & CONSERVATION, APR 76, VI, N3, P235  (9)


  TECHNICAL  FEATURE   A  STEAM  GENERATING  PLANT USING REFUSE FOR  FUEL IS
BEING  CONSTRUCTED  AT  SAUGUS, MASS. IT WILL DISPOSE OF AN AVERAGE  OF  1089
METRIC  TON/DAY OF REFUSE FROM SOME 16 COMMUNITIES, AND PROVIDE ENERGY  TO A
NEARBY  INDUSTRIAL  PLANT  FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AND PROCESS STEAM.
THE SYSTEM AND ITS FINANCING ARE DESCRIBED. POLLUTION CONTROL DESIGN AT THE
FACILITY,   INCLUDING  ODOR  AND  PARTICULATE  CONTROL,  AIR  QUALITY, WATER
QUALITY,  AND  NOISE CONTROL IS EXPLAINED. (1 DIAGRAM, 1 DRAWING)
[EGY]

0105503     76-023227
BURNING REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL,
  HOVE MERLIN C.
  ELECTRIC UTILITY,  AMES,  IOWA,
  PUBLIC  POWER,  MAY-JUN 76, V34, N3, P20 (4)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE  THE AMES, IOWA, SOLID WASTE RECOVERY PLANT SERVES THE
CITY  AND  MOST  OF   STORY  COUNTY, WHICH HAS A POPULATION OF 60,000. ABOUT
73,400 TON/YR OF REFUSE IS PRODUCED (AN AVERAGE OF 6.72 LB/DAY PER CAPITA).
APPROXIMATELY  55,000  TONS OF THE TOTAL WILL BE RECEIVED AT THE SEPARATION
PLANT.  THE  OTHER  18,400  TONS  CONSIST  OF  DIRT,  SAND, ROCK, AND OTHER
MATERIALS,  WHICH WILL BE LANDFILLED. THE PLANT HAS THREE BOILERS THAT  WERE
MODIFIED   TO  BURN REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL AT ABOUT $180,000. ERDA PERFORMS  FOUR
OR  FIVE   ANALYSES  OF  THE  FUEL  .EVERY WEEK FOR MOISTURE CONTENT AND  FUEL
VALUE.  THESE  MODIFICATIONS AND PROCESSING PLANT OPERATIONS ARE DESCRIBED.
BOTTOM ASH AND ECONOMICS ARE DISCUSSED. (1 DIAGRAM, 2 PHOTOS, 1 TABLE)
[EGY]

0104734     76-022477
UNION ELECTRIC COMPANY'S SOLID WASTE UTILIZATION SYSTEM,
  KLUMB DAVID
  UNION ELECTRIC CO,  MO,
  RESOURCE RECOVERY  & CONSERVATION, APR 76, VI,  N3, P225 (9)

  TECHNICAL FEATURE   UNION ELECTRIC CO. WILL BUILD, OWN, AND OPERATE A  7300
METRIC    TON/DAY  SOLID  WASTE  UTILIZATION  SYSTEM  CAPABLE  OF  HANDLING
ESSENTIALLY  ALL  THE  SOLID  WASTE GENERATED IN THE ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN
REGION.   THE   SYSTEM IS SCHEDULED FOR FULL OPERATION IN JUNE 1977, AND  WILL
COST  AN   ESTIMATED   $70  MILLION.   COLLECTION,   TRANSPORT,  AND PROCESSING
FEATURES   OF   THE SYSTEM  ARE  DESCRIBED.   REVENUE  TO SUPPORT THE  PRIVATE
INVESTMENT AND  COVER  OPERATING  COSTS WILL BE GENERATED BY DUMPING FEES,
SALE  OF   RECOVERED   METALS,  AND SALE OF THE BURNABLE FRACTION OF THE SOLID
WASTE. (2  DIAGRAMS,  1 DRAWING,  1 TABLE)
[EGY]

-------
0103965     76-021738
DISTRICT  HEATING  WITH REFUSE DERIVED FUEL AT WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR  FORCE
BASE,
  BUONICORE A.  J.  ; WALTZ J. P.
  (ENTOLETER, NEW HAVEN)  AND; (US AIR FORCE),
  PRESENTED AT  AICHE  3RD ENERGY & ENV CONF, OHIO, SEP 29-OCT 1, 75, P205
(10)

  RESEARCH  REPORT  IN LIGHT OF THE MANY POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES OF USING SOLID
WASTE  CONVERTED  INTO ENERGY, THE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE TESTED A
REFUSE  DERIVED FUEL IN ITS COAL-FIRED BOILERS. DATA WERE COLLECTED  IN JULY
1975  DURING  34 HR OF FIRING A 1:1 RESOURCE DERIVED FUEL/COAL MIX,  6 HR OF
FIRING  A   2:1  MIX,  AND 24 HR OF FIRING COAL. THE FUEL PELLETS FOR THE TEST
WERE  PREPARED   BY  THE  BLACK  CLAWSON  CO.  IN A FRANKLIN, OHIO, RESOURCE
RECOVERY PLANT.  HEATING PLANT DESCRIPTION AND PREPARATIONS, AND ALTERATIONS
IN  THE  FUEL   DATA  ARE  PRESENTED.  THE  1:1  RATIO CAUSED NO SIGNIFICANT
PROBLEMS,   AND  THE 2:1 RATIO CAUSED OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS THAT MIGHT  REQUIRE
BOILER   MODIFICATION.   STACK  EMISSIONS  WERE  GENERALLY  IMPROVED.  OTHER
OPERATIONAL RESULTS  ARE  DISCUSSED.  AS  A SHORT-TERM ENERGY CONSERVATION
MEASURE, .THE FUEL SAVED 19 TONS OF COAL DURING THE STUDY. IN THE LONG TERM,
RESOURCE DERIVED FUEL CAN ACT AS A COAL SUPPLEMENT. (1 DIAGRAM, 2 PHOTOS, 6
REFERENCES, 6 TABLES)
[EGY]

0102427     76-020263
BOSTON AREA REFUSE TURNS  INTO STEAM FOR GE PLANT,
  KANE J. T.
  EDITOR,
  PROFESSIONAL  ENGINEER,  NOV 75,  V45, Nil,  P14 (6)

  FEATURE   ARTICLE   PROCESSING  1200  TON/DAY  OF MUNICIPAL AND COMMERCIAL
REFUSE  FROM  COMMUNITIES  IN  THE ' BOSTON  NORTH  SHORE SUBURBAN AREA, THE
WHEELABRATOR-FRYE   REFUSE-TO-ENERGY PLANT IS CONTRACTED TO SUPPLY A  GENERAL
ELECTRIC  CO.   PLANT  WITH  A  MINIMUM OF 2 BILLION LB/YR OF STEAM.  THE $35
MILLION  PRIVATELY  OWNED AND FINANCED FACILITY CAN RECOVER ENERGY,  FERROUS
METALS,  AGGREGATE,   AND   STERILE  ASH.   THE  SYSTEM'S  MAJOR  FEATURES ARE
DESCRIBED.  EPA'S   RESOURCE RECOVERY POLICY IS DISCUSSED. OVER 20 OPERATING
OR PLANNED  RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS ARE LISTED.  (6 PHOTOS)
[EGY]

0103961     76-021734
REFUSE TO ENERGY MEMPHIS  STYLE,
  SMITH JOHN W.
  MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,
  PRESENTED AT AICHE  3RD ENERGY & ENV CONF,  OHIO,  SEP 29-OCT 1, 75, P100
(6)

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  FEATURE  ARTICLE   THE DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY THE CITY  OF  MEMPHIS  IN
ITS  ATTEMPT  TO  IMPLEMENT A METROPOLITAN REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY  PROGRAM
ARE  OUTLINED.   DEFINITION  OF  THE  PROBLEM,  EVALUATION  OF  MARKETS  FOR
RECOVERABLE   MATERIALS,  VARIOUS  SEPARATION SYSTEMS CONSIDERED,  COSTS, AND
ACCEPTABILITY  TO  ALL AREAS OF THE REGION ARE REVIEWED. MAJOR FACTORS WERE
ECONOMIC,  LEGAL,   AND  POLITICAL,  AND  INCLUDED THE POSSIBILITY OF MARKET
SATURATION.  (1 TABLE)
[EGY]


0126153    *78-001266
EFFECTIVE  STATE PROGRAMS-GOVERNMENT RESOURCE RECOVERY PLANS,
  BENTLEY,    WILLIAM G.  ; DAVID LOU; O'NEIL THEODORE; SMITH GARRETT; FIORE
MICHAEL
  NEW YORK STATE DEPT ENV CONSERVATION,
  PRESENTED   AT  EPA/NSWMA  NATL  CONGRESS ON WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY &
RESOURCE & ENERGY RECOVERY, DALLAS, DEC 7-9,76, P398(28)

  SURVEY   REPORT   EFFECTIVE  STATE  PROGRAMS  AND  GOVERNMENTAL   PLANS FOR
RESOURCE RECOVERY ARE DISCUSSED IN FOUR PAPERS ON THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: THE
IMPORTANCE   OF  AN  EFFECTIVE  STATE  SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM; RHODE
ISLAND  SOLID  WASTE  MANAGEMENT  CORPORATION; MIDDLESEX COUNTY,  N.  J.; AND
RICHMOND, VA.  (1 DIAGRAM,  2 GRAPHS, 2 MAPS, 2 TABLES)
[ENV]

0126125    *78-001238
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF REFUSE DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVES,
  MILLER,  DAVID M.  ;  CRAIG ROBERT J.
  VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV,
  J ENV ENGINEERING DIV-ASCE,  OCT 77, V103, N5,  P935 (14)

  TECHNICAL   REPORT   THE  BEST SYSTEM FOR DISPOSING OF REFUSE AT A MILITARY
BASE  IS  SELECTED  FROM AMONG ALTERNATIVES.  BOTH RESOURCE RECOVERY  THROUGH
RECYCLING    AND   ENERGY   RECOVERY  ARE  INVESTIGATED.   A  PARTIAL  SOURCE
SEGREGATION   PLAN   IS   THE MOST COST-EFFECTIVE FOR THE BASE.  PROCEDURES AND
METHODS DESCRIBED  SHOULD BE USEFUL FOR PRIVATE AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS.  (2
DIAGRAMS, 4  TABLES)
[ENV]

0126117    78-001230
REQUESTS FOR PROPOSALS .  .  .  RESOURCE RECOVERY CASE STUDIES,
  HAGEN RONALD  D.
  NATL CENTER FOR  RESOURCE RECOVERY,  WASH DC,
  J RESOURCE RECOVERY,  SUMMER 77,' V7, N3,  P56 (13)

  SURVEY  REPORT   A  KEY   STEP IN THE PROCESS OF PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTING
RECOVERY  FACILITIES  IS  THE REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS, WHICH COMMUNICATES THE
PARTICULARS   OF A  COMMUNITY'S DESIRE  FOR A SYSTEM AND SERVICE.  PROBLEMS AND
APPROACHES   OF   ISSUING A  REQUEST  FOR  PROPOSALS  ARE DISCUSSED. VARIOUS
METHODS  ARE  ILLUSTRATED   IN  SEVEN   CASE STUDIES,  INCLUDING:  DADE COUNTY,
FLA.;  NEW   ORLEANS,   LA.;   DETROIT,   MICH.;   LANE COUNTY,  ORE.; MONTGOMERY
COUNTY,  OHIO;   NEWARK,  N.J.;   AND  MONROE  COUNTY, N.Y. EPA ASSISTANCE  IN
DRAFTING  APPROPRIATE   PROCUREMENT  DOCUMENTS  AND  CONTRACTS IS EXPLAINED.
CONTENTS OF  A COMPLETE AND CONCISE REQUEST ARE DESCRIBED. (28 REFERENCES)
[ENV]

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0124684    *77-006674
RECOVERY  1: A  PROGRESS REPORT,
  WASTE AGE, MAY  77, V8,  N5,  P64 (5)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE   RECOVERY  1, NEW ORLEANS' SOLID WASTE PROCESSING AND
RESOURCE   RECOVERY  FACILITY, HAS RECEIVED, PROCESSED, AND DISPOSED OF MORE
THAN  150,000 TONS OF MUNICIPAL WASTES SINCE DEDICATION OF ITS SHREDDING AND
DISPOSAL   UNITS IN JULY 1976. RECOVERY 1 IS DESIGNED TO HANDLE 650 TON/DAY,
OR  ABOUT HALF   THE  CITY'S  COLLECTIONS. THE FACILITY IS ESTIMATED TO HAVE
SAVED THE CITY  AT LEAST $200,000 TO DATE. SUBSTANTIAL FUEL SAVINGS, ALSO,
HAVE  BEEN REALIZED SINCE CLOSING OF INCINERATORS. PROGRESS AT RECOVERY 1  IS
REPORTED.  FULL SCALE FERROUS  METAL RECOVERY IS SCHEDULED TO BE OPERATING  IN
EARLY SPRING  1977,  WITH  GLASS  RECOVERY TO FOLLOW LATER IN THE YEAR.  (1
DIAGRAM,  5 PHOTOS)
[ENV]
0124683   *77-006673
  NATION'S FIRST  RAILHAUL OFF AND RUNNING IN OMAHA,
  GEISLER,  CHARLES A.  ;  POORE GARY L.; HANRAHAN MICHAEL
  WASTE AGE, MAY  77,  V8,  N5,  P54 (5)

  TECHNICAL FEATURE   THE  FIRST PHASE OF A TOTAL RESOURCE RECOVERY TO ENERGY
PROGRAM  FOR  OMAHA,   NEBR.,   HAS BEEN ACHIEVED WITH CONSTRUCTION OF A $4.6
MILLION  BALING   FACILITY.   GARBAGE  IS PROCESSED DURING AN 8 HR SHIFT AT A
RECYCLING  FACILITY.   APPROXIMATELY 500 TON/DAY ARE BALED, REPRESENTING 33%
OF  THE CITY'S REFUSE.  RAIL FLAT CARS MOVE THE BALES TO A 78 ACRE FILL SITE
3 MI AWAY. (11 PHOTOS)
[ENV]

0124013   *77-006050
FINANCING RESOURCE AND ENERGY RECOVERY:  A CASE STUDY APPROACH,
  BALLARD CHARLES A.
  DILLION, READ & CO,
  WASTE AGE, MAR  77,  V8,  N3,  P58 (5)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE    APPROACHES  THAT  FOUR  EXAMPLE  CITIES ARE USING TO
FINANCE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL  FACILITIES  ARE REVIEWED.  EACH IS EMBRACING ONE
OF  A  SERIES  OF  OPTIONS:   ISSUANCE  OF GENERAL OBLIGATION BONDS,  SPECIAL
REVENUE  BONDS,   INDUSTRIAL   DEVELOPMENT  REVENUE BONDS,  FINANCING FROM THE
PRIVATE  SECTOR,  OR   SOME  COMBINATION  OF THE ALTERNATIVES. SOLUTIONS THAT
EACH  APPROACH  DERIVES  FOR   RESOURCE  AND  ENERGY RECOVERY OPERATIONS ARE
DESCRIBED. (7 DIAGRAMS, 1 TABLE)
[ENV]

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0124012    *77-006049
PLANNING   FOR  RESOURCE RECOVERY: A CASE STUDY-THE WASHINGTON, D.C. METRO
AREA,
  ABERT JAMES G.
  NATL CENTER FOR  RESOURCE RECOVERY,
  WASTE AGE, MAR 77,  V8,  N3,  P30 (5)

  SURVEY   REPORT   MARKETING,   SYSTEMS  IDENTIFICATION, PROGRAM FEASIBILITY
ANALYSIS,  AND  ECONOMIC  ASSESSMENT FOR MATERIALS AND ENERGY RECOVERY FROM
MUNICIPAL  SOLID   WASTE  IN  THE  WASHINGTON,  D.C.,  METROPOLITAN AREA ARE
SUMMARIZED.  THE   PROJECT ILLUSTRATES THE USE OF ADVANCED LETTERS OF INTENT
TO INCREASE THE LEVEL OF MARKET ASSURANCE, EXCHANGE AND FLOOR PRICES AS THE
PRINCIPAL  DETERMINANTS  OF  MARKETING FEASIBILITY, AN INDICATION OF DOLLAR
MARKET  VALUE  OF  MATERIALS   IN  EXTENDED TIME FRAMES, AND THE NEED FOR AN
ENERGY  PRODUCT  IF RECOVERY  IS TO BE ECONOMICAL. THE CASE STUDY IS MODELED
AFTER  THE  APPROACH  DEVELOPED BY THE NAT'L CENTER FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY TO
EFFECT THE SYSTEM  OPERATING IN NEW ORLEANS. (1 GRAPH, 6 TABLES)
[ENV]
0121019    77-003333
 A RESOURCE RECOVERY CASE  STUDY,
  J RESOURCE RECOVERY,  SUMMER 76,  V6,  N3,  P52 (9)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE    THE  1-95  COMPLEX,  A REGIONAL SOLID WASTE PROCESSING
DISPOSAL  CENTER  USED   BY  THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, TWO NORTHERN VIRGINIA
JURISDICTIONS,  AND  THE  CITY OF  ALEXANDRIA,   VA. ,  WAS  PROPOSED AS THE
LOCATION  FOR  A  RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITY. THIS FACILITY WOULD PRODUCE A
REFUSE-DERIVED  FUEL FOR SALE TO  THE LOCAL UTILITY AND RECOVER A WIDE RANGE
OF  MATERIALS.  THE THREE  STUDIES-ON MARKETS, FEASIBILITY, AND NETWORK-THAT
LED TO A RECOMMENDATION FOR FUNDING OF THIS PROJECT ARE EXAMINED. THE FIRST
STUDY  WAS  MADE  TO ASSURE THAT  THERE WOULD BE  MARKETS FOR THE RECOVERABLE
MATERIALS.  THE  FEASIBILITY  STUDY,  STEP  TWO,  EXAMINED  THE  DESIGN AND
ASSOCIATED  COSTS  OF   A  PLANT  AND  COMPARED  POTENTIAL COST TO POTENTIAL
REVENUES.  THE  FINAL STEP CONSIDERED SUCH OPTIONS AS PLANT SIZE, LOCATION,
ETC.,  BASED  ON THE LONG-TERM SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT NEEDS. (2 DIAGRAMS, 1
GRAPH, 4 TABLES)
[ENV]

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0125792    *78-000905
METALS IN  THE  COMBUSTIBLE FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE,
  HAYNES,   B.  W.  ;  LAW S. L.; CAMPBELL W. J.
  USBM RI-8244,  1977 (20)

  SPECIAL   REPORT   THE  COMBUSTIBLE  FRACTION  OF  URBAN  REFUSE  IS BEING
EXTENSIVELY CONSIDERED  AS A FUEL SUPPLEMENT FOR COAL IN THE GENERATION OF
HEAT  AND   POWER.   THE CONCENTRATION OF MAJOR, MINOR, AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN
THE  COMBUSTIBLE  FRACTIONS COLLECTED AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS IN THE USBM URBAN
REFUSE  RECYCLING  PILOT PLANT AT COLLEGE PARK, MD., IS DETERMINED. SAMPLES
PROCESSED   THROUGH   THE PLANT WERE SUBMITTED BY VARIOUS MUNICIPALITIES THAT
ARE  CONSIDERING  RESOURCE  RECOVERY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO LANDFILL OR OTHER
DISPOSAL  MECHANISMS.   ALTHOUGH  CONCENTRATION  OF  SEVERAL TRACE AND MINOR
ELEMENTS  WAS  HIGHER IN THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE THAN IN THE COAL UTILIZED
IN  UTILITIES  POWER PLANTS, THE DIFFERENCE WAS INSIGNIFICANT ENOUGH TO MAKE
THE  USE  OF   MUNICIPAL  SOLID  WASTE  AS  A  FUEL SUPPLEMENT AN ATTRACTIVE
POSSIBILITY. *XL
[ENV]
0120200   *77-002559
IN AMES, IOWA, THEY'RE TAKING -THE WASTE OUT OF GARBAGE,
  GORTON TOM
  PLANNING MAGAZINE-ASPO,  JAN 77, V43,  Nl, P14 (5)

  TECHNICAL  FEATURE   IN  AMES,   IOWA,  FROM 106-200 TON/DAY OF REFUSE THAT
WOULD  NORMALLY   BE  DUMPED IN A LANDFILL ARE NOW PROCESSED AT THE DOWNTOWN
SOLID  WASTE   RECOVERY SYSTEM PLANT.  THE RECOVERED WASTE MATERIALS ARE SOLD
FOR  $11.40/TON,  AND  WHAT  CANNOT BE  SOLD IS BURNED TO PRODUCE 10% OF THE
CITY'S ELECTRIC POWER.  THE REMAINDER IS LANDFILLED. SOLID WASTE RECOVERY IN
FENTON,  MO.,  AND   CHICAGO IS DISCUSSED, AND A CURRENT ERDA-EPA PROJECT IS
DESCRIBED.  (6  PHOTOS)
[ENV]
0120190    77-002549
THE PUROX SYSTEM,
  FISHER,  T. F.   ; KASBOH  M.  L.;  RIVERO J.  R.
  UNION CARBIDE CO,
  CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS,  OCT 76, V72,  N10,  P75 (4)

  TECHNICAL   FEATURE    A   PARTIAL  OXIDATION  PROCESS  USING  OXYGEN  FOR
CONVERTING  SOLID  WASTE  TO  FUEL GAS AND INERT SLAG HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY
DEMONSTRATED  ON   A  COMMERCIAL  SCALE  IN  A  200   TON/DAY  FACILITY.  THE
DEMONSTRATION  PLANT  HAS   NOW  BEEN  OPERATING  SUCCESSFULLY  ON MUNICIPAL
REFUSE, AND PLANT  OPERATION HAS SUCCESSFULLY SOLVED THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED
WITH  A  40-FOLD   SCALEUP.   THE  PROCESS OPERATION,  PILOT AND DEMONSTRATION
PLANTS, AND FERROUS METALS  RECOVERY ARE DISCUSSED.  (3 DIAGRAMS, 2 PHOTOS, 1
REFERENCE, 3 TABLES)
[ENV]

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0116483    *76-007524
MUNICIPAL  REFUSE,  n,
  CARLSON,    D.    ;   SPENCER  D.; CHRISTENSEN H.; SMITH M. L.; LAUER K. R. ;
LELIAERT,  R. M.  ;  LILES K.  J.
  RAYTHEON SERVICE CO,  MASS,
  PRESENTED   AT.   USBM/ILLINOIS  INST  OF  TECHNOLOGY  5TH  MINERAL  WASTE
UTILIZATION  SYM,  CHICAGO,  APR 13-14, 76, P195 (57)

  TECHNICAL   REPORT  THE MONROE COUNTY, N.Y., RESOURCE RECOVERY PROJECT AND
THE  CONTINENTAL CAN  CO.'S RESOURCES RECOVERY APPROACH TO URBAN SOLID WASTE
PROCESSING  IN CHICAGO  ARE DESCRIBED. PROFITABLE UTILIZATION OF INCINERATOR
RESIDUE  FROM MUNICIPAL  REFUSE  AND  OF  LIGHTWEIGHT  STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
AGGREGATE  FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE GLASS IS EXPLAINED. QUALITY OF PRODUCTS FROM
USBM RESOURCE RECOVERY  SYSTEMS AND SUITABILITY FOR RECYCLING ARE DISCUSSED,
AND UTILIZATION  OF REFUSE SCRAP IN CUPOLA GRAY IRON PRODUCTION IS DETAILED.
DEVELOPMENTS LEADING  TO  THE DESIGN OF AN URBAN REFUSE PYROLYSIS UNIT FOR
GAS  PRODUCTION,   AND  CONCENTRATION  AND  SOURCE  OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE
COMBUSTIBLE   FRACTION  OF  URBAN  REFUSE  ARE EXAMINED. (NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS,
GRAPHS, PHOTOS,  REFERENCES,  TABLES)
[ENV]
0116482   *76-007523
MUNICIPAL REFUSE,  I,
  FUNK,   HARVEY   D.   ;  RUSSELL STUART H. ; CAVANNA M. M. ; RIANO E. ; ALMARAZ
J. SANCHEZ; RAMIREZ H.  GARCIA; NEWELL SCOTT
  HENNINGSON, DURHAM  AND RICHARDSON, NEBR,
  PRESENTED   AT   USBM/ILLINOIS  INST  OF  TECHNOLOGY  5TH  MINERAL  WASTE
UTILIZATION SYM, CHICAGO,  APR 13-14, 76, P132 (62)

  TECHNICAL REPORT THE  ENERGY AND MATERIALS RECOVERY SYSTEM AT AMES, IOWA,
IS  EXAMINED.  THE LATEST  DEVELOPMENTS  IN  PROCESSING  SPANISH URBAN RAW
REFUSE,  AND  AN URBAN REFUSE PROCESSING AND METAL RECLAMATION OPERATION IN
ODESSA,  TEX.,  ARE   DESCRIBED.   INDIRECT ENERGY SAVINGS GENERATED BY URBAN
REFUSE  RECOVERY   ARE DISCUSSED.   PILOT STUDIES PROCESSING MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE  AND  RECOVERY  OF  ALUMINUM  USING  AN  EDDY  CURRENT SEPARATOR; AIR
CLASSIFICATION  OF MUNICIPAL  REFUSE;  THE  FINAL  REPORT  ON  A GLASS AND
NONFERROUS  METAL  RECOVERY  SUBSYSTEM  AT  FRANKLIN,  OHIO;  AND  RESOURCE
RECOVERY FROM REFUSE  ARE PRESENTED.  (NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS,  GRAPHS, REFERENCES,
TABLES)
[ENV]

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0104733    76-022476
FEASIBILITY   STUDY  FOR  BURNING  RE FUSE-DERIVED  FUEL IN THE DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA BY  POTOMAC ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY,
  VISCOMI  B.  VINCENT
  LAFAYETTE  COLLEGE,
  RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, APR 76, VI, N3, P217  (8)

  SURVEY   REPORT   THE  ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF A PROJECT FOR PRODUCING AND
BURNING  REFUSE-DERIVED  FUEL  IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IS INVESTIGATED.
THE  PROJECT  SPECIFICALLY CONSIDERED IS BURNING REFUSE FUEL AT THE  POTOMAC
ELECTRIC   POWER  CO.  BENNING GENERATING STATION. RECOMMENDATIONS OF A TASK
FORCE.,  WHICH  FOUND THE PROJECT TO BE ECONOMICAL, ARE INCLUDED. SITE PLANS
FOR THE OPERATION ARE PRESENTED. (5 DIAGRAMS)
[EGY]
0115954   *76-006995
 EPA  RESOURCE RECOVERY  DEMONSTRATION:  SUMMARY  OF  AIR EMISSIONS
ANALYSES,
  HOLLOWAY J. R.
  EPA,
  WASTE AGE, AUG  76,  V7,  N8,  P50 (3)

  SURVEY  REPORT    EMISSIONS   OF PARTICULATE MATTER, BACTERIA, VIRUSES, AND
VARIOUS  GASES  ARE MEASURED  FOR A 45 TON/HR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE FACILITY
IN  ST.  LOUIS THAT IS OPERATING ON AN EXPERIMENTAL BASIS. THE DATA PREDICT
THE  MAGNITUDE  OF  CHANGES  WITH  COMBINED  FIRING THAT MAY BE EXPECTED  IN
IMPORTANT  AIR  POLLUTION  CONTROL PARAMETERS, SUCH AS FLYASH PARTICLE SIZE
AND  RESISTIVITY,   FLYASH QUANTITITIES ON A POWER OUTPUT BASIS, AND EXHAUST
GAS FLOW RATES. (1  DRAWING, 2 GRAPHS, 1 PHOTO, 1 TABLE)
[ENV]
0115650   *76-006748
ST.  LOUIS REFUSE PROCESSING PLANT:  EQUIPMENT,  FACILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
EVALUATIONS,
  SHANNON,  L. J.   ; FISCUS  D.  E.;  GORMAN P.  G.
  MIDWEST RESEARCH  INST,  MO,
  NTIS REPORT  PB-243  634, MAY  75  (122)

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  SPECIAL  REPORT   THE  ST.  LOUIS  UNION  ELECTRIC   SYSTEM   IS   THE  FIRST
DEMONSTRATION PLANT IN THE U.S. TO PROCESS RAW MUNICIPAL WASTE FOR USE AS  A
SUPPLEMENTARY  FUEL  IN POWER PLANT BOILERS. IN ADDITION TO PRODUCING  FUEL,
FERROUS   METALS  ARE  RECOVERED FROM THE WASTE FOR USE AS A SCRAP  CHARGE IN
STEEL   PRODUCTION.   TWO   SEPARATE  FACILITIES  CONSTITUTE   THE   SYSTEM-A
PROCESSING  PLANT  AND  TWO  IDENTICAL  BOILERS  THAT  ARE MODIFIED TO FIRE
SHREDDED  AIR  CLASSIFIED  REFUSE  ALONG  WITH  COAL.  A  TEST AND EVALUATION
PROGRAM   INCLUDING  EQUIPMENT  AND FACILITIES EVALUATIONS AND  ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENTS  AT  THE REFUSE PROCESSING PLANT AND THE REFUSE FIRING FACILITY
IS  DESCRIBED. THE TEST METHODOLOGY IS ASSESSED.
[ENV]
0100208     75-000826
SOLID WASTE AS  A SOURCE OF FUEL,
  DILLE,   EARL  K.  ;  KLUMB DAVID L.
  UNION ELECTRIC CO, MO,
  PRESENTED AT  3RD INTL POLL ENG CONF, CHICAGO, SEP 9-11,  74,  P35  (10)

  TECHNICAL  REPORT   THE RESULTS OF FULL-SCALE TESTS CONDUCTED IN  ST.  LOUIS
ON  THE FEASIBILITY  OF BURNING PREPARED REFUSE IN AN EXISTING  BOILER  FIRING
PULVERIZED  COAL  ARE PRESENTED. THE RAW MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COLLECTED  BY
THE  CITY   IS  MILLED  TO  SMALL  PARTICLES  AND  AIR  CLASSIFIED; THEN THE
REMAINDER   IS  FIRED  THROUGH  A  PNEUMATIC SYSTEM TO A 125 MW BOILER UNIT.
OPERATION   OF  THE PROTOTYPE WAS SATISFACTORY DURING THE FIRST YEAR,  EXCEPT
FOR  MILLED SOLID  WASTE MECHANICAL HANDLING PROBLEMS. POTENTIAL BENEFITS  OF
THE  SYSTEM  INCLUDE  AN  ENVIRONMENTALLY  ACCEPTABLE  MEANS OF SOLID WASTE
DISPOSAL,   CONSERVATION  OF IRREPLACEABLE NATURAL RESOURCES, MORE  EFFECTIVE
CONTROL OF LAND USE, AND ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. (3 DIAGRAMS, 1 DRAWING,
1 TABLE)
[EGY]
0108190    *75-008033
BALTIMORE  DEMONSTRATES GAS PYROLYSIS:  RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM
SOLID WASTE,
  SUSSMAN  DAVID B.
  EPA REPORT  SW-75D.I,  1975 (28)

  SPECIAL  REPORT  EPA AWARDED $6 MILLION TOWARD THE COST OF THE $16 MILLION
GASEOUS PYROLYSIS  PROJECT IN BALTIMORE.  MONSANTO ENVIRO-CHEM SYSTEMS,  INC.,
OF  ST.  LOUIS  IS  RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PLANT'S COMPLETE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION
AND  START-UP.  THE PLANT WILL ACCEPT RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL SOLID WASTE
AND  WILL   PROCESS  1000  TON/DAY.   ABOUT  200,000  LB/HR  OF  STEAM WILL  BE
PURCHASED   BY  THE  BALTIMORE GAS AND ELECTRIC CO. FERROUS METAL AND GLASSY
AGGREGATE   WILL BE   SEPARATED  FROM  THE  PYROLYSIS  REACTOR.  THE PLANT'S
OPERATING   CHARACTERISTICS   AND   ITS   POLLUTION  CONTROL  EQUIPMENT  ARE
DESCRIBED.  (3 DIAGRAMS,  5 PHOTOS,  5 TABLES)
[ENV]

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  )0729   *75-002872
  iNING REFUSE IN POWER PLANT PROMISES  SAVINGS,
  PUBLIC POWER, SEP-OCT 74, V32, N5,  P26  (3)
  SURVEY REPORT  A FEASIBILITY STUDY  CONDUCTED ON THE USE OF EXISTING POWER
  DERATING  EQUIPMENT  FOR  INCINERATION  OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE DETERMINED THE
  PE,  EXTENT,  AND  COST  OF  MODIFICATIONS   TO  THE  EXISTING FACILITIES,
  TERMINED  THE  QUANTITY  AND  CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE  REFUSE,  DEVELOPED
  NCEPTS AND COSTS FOR RECEIVING AND  PROCESSING,  AND ASSESSED THE EFFECT OF
  E  PROPOSED  SYSTEM  ON  AIR  POLLUTANTS  DISCHARGED  BY  BOILERS.   THESE
  VESTIGATIONS  CONFIRMED  THAT IT  WAS  FEASIBLE TO BURN MUNICIPAL REFUSE AT
    LITTLE AS 150 TON/DAY. THE EQUIPMENT  HAS  BEEN PURCHASED, DETAILED PLANT
  1SIGN  IS  ESSENTIALLY  COMPLETED,   AND  CONSTRUCTION  IS  UNDER  WAY.  (3
  :AGRAMS, 3 PHOTOS)
  1GY]
 L08183   *75-008026
 ^COVERING   RESOURCES  FROM   SOLID  WASTE  USING  WET-PROCESSING,   EPA'S
 *ANKLIN, OHIO, DEMONSTRATION  PROJECT,
  ARELLA DAVID G.
  EPA REPORT SW-47D, 1974  (29)

  SURVEY  REPORT   DISPOSAL  AND   FERROUS   METAL  RECOVERY  SYSTEM,   SLUDGE
 ISPOSAL,  GLASS  AND  ALUMINUM   RECOVERY   SYSTEM,   FIBER  RECOVERY  SYSTEM,
 PERATING  EXPERIENCE,  RECOVERED  MATERIALS AND MARKETING,  ADAPTABILITY OF
 :ODULAR  TECHNOLOGY,  ECONOMICS,  AND  PROJECTED ECONOMICS  FOR A LARGER PLANT
 'ROM  EPA'S  FRANKLIN, OHIO, RESOURCE RECOVERY PROJECT ARE DESCRIBED.  AFTER
 [ORE  THAN TWO YEARS OF DAILY  OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT,  ACCOMPLISHMENTS AT
 'HE  FRANKLIN  PLANT  INCLUDE:  (1)  SUCCESSFUL WET-PULPING AND SEPARATION OF
 IUNICIPAL  SOLID WASTE; (2) REDUCED VOLUME OF MATERIAL GOING TO LANDFILL BY
 )VER  95%;  (3)  NO  BREAKDOWNS   IN THE SYSTEMS;  (4) MAGNETIC SEPARATION OF
 ^ERROUS METALS AND SALE FOR REUSE;  (5) SALE OF RECYCLABLE PAPER FIBERS;  (6)
 3URNING  OF  COMBUSTIBLE  SOLID   WASTES  COMBINED  WITH  SEWAGE SLUDGE;  (7)
 CNTEGRATED  SOLID  WASTE  DISPOSAL AND  SEWAGE  TREATMENT;   (8)  GLASS  AND
 ALUMINUM  RECOVERY; AND (9) DATA  INDICATING THAT LARGER PLANTS OF THIS TYPE
 tfOULD  BE  COMPETITIVE  WITH CONVENTIONAL  DISPOSAL.  PLANTS SMALLER THAN  THE
FRANKLIN  PLANT  WOULD  PROBABLY   BE  UNECONOMICAL.  (1 DIAGRAM,  1 GRAPH,  19
PHOTOS, 3 TABLES)
[ENV]

-------
0108172    75-008015
RESOURCE RECOVERY  SPEEDS UP,
  CHEMICAL ENGINEERING,  MAY 26,  75,  V82,  Nil,  P72 (2)

  SURVEY  REPORT   VARIOUS  SUCCESSFUL  RESOURCE RECOVERY OPERATIONS IN THE
U.S.  ARE  DESCRIBED,  AND  THE  TECHNIQUES AND METHODS UTILIZED IN RESOURCE
RECOVERY  ARE  DISCUSSED.   OVERALL,  RESOURCE RECOVERY HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR
FILLING  THREE  IMPORTANT ROLES:  COPING WITH THE PROBLEM OF MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE  DISPOSAL;   CONTRIBUTING  TOWARD  THE  DOMESTIC  ENERGY  DEFICIT; AND
RECYCLING CRITICAL NONRENEWABLE  MATERIALS. (1 PHOTO)
[ENV]
0102499   *75-002467
BAY  AREA  SOLID  WASTE  MANAGEMENT  IMPLEMENTATION  PROJECT:  VOLUME II.
ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION FOR THE BAY DELTA RESOURCE RECOVERY DEMONSTRATION,
  NTIS REPORT  PB-234  810/OWP,  DEC 73  (134)

  SPECIAL  REPORT   THE  SECOND  PART  OF A THREE-PART REPORT DOCUMENTS THE
PLANNING  CONDUCTED  FOR   THE  BAY  DELTA  RESOURCE  RECOVERY DEMONSTRATION
PROJECT.  THE  PROPOSED  PROJECT  WOULD  DEMONSTRATE RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM
URBAN  WASTES AND THE  USE  OF COMPOSTED REFUSE FOR ISLAND RECLAMATION IN THE
SACRAMENTO-SAN  JOAQUIN DELTA.  PRESENTED IS ORIGINAL RESEARCH ON THE USE OF
COMPOST  AS  A  LEVEE  STRENGTHENING  MATERIAL  AND  THE  PLANNING  FOR  AN
INTERGOVERNMENTAL  STRUCTURE  TO  MANAGE  THE  DEMONSTRATION,  A FIRST STEP
TOWARDS EVENTUAL REGIONAL  MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTES.
[ENV]
0102498   *75-002466
BAY AREA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT:  VOLUME I. PROJECT
REPORT,
  NTIS REPORT  PB-234  809/2WP,  DEC 73  (117)

  SPECIAL   REPORT     PLANNING    FOR   THE   BAY  DELTA  RESOURCE  RECOVERY
DEMONSTRATION  PROJECT IS  REPORTED.  THIS  PROPOSED PROJECT WOULD DEMONSTRATE
RESOURCE  RECOVERY  FROM   URBAN  WASTES AND  THE USE OF COMPOSTED REFUSE FOR
ISLAND RECLAMATION IN  THE  SACRAMENTO-SAN  JOAQUIN DELTA.
[ENV]

-------
0101685    *75-001672
FRANKLIN,   OHIO'S   SOLID  WASTE DISPOSAL AND FIBER RECOVERY DEMONSTRATION
PLANT, Volume II
  NEFF,  N. THOMAS  ;  OKEL N.  WAYNE  A.M. KINNEY INC, CINCINNATI,
  NTIS REPORT PB-234  716/9WP,  1974,  V2 (323)

  SPECIAL   REPORT   THE  FRANKLIN,  OHIO,  RESOURCE  RECOVERY DEMONSTRATION
PROJECT  HAS   ELICITED  WIDESPREAD  INTEREST.  PRESENTED ARE: A PRELIMINARY
ANALYSIS   OF   THE   SOLID  WASTE DISPOSAL AND FIBER RECOVERY PORTIONS OF THE
PROJECT;   AND  PRELIMINARY DATA BY WHICH OTHERS MAY BE GUIDED IN EVALUATING
EMERGING   SOLID WASTE  DISPOSAL  AND  RESOURCE  RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES. THE
FOLLOWING   ARE INCLUDED:   UNIT  OPERATIONS ANALYSIS, INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT
ANALYSES,  BOWSER-MONRNER REPORTS,  A.M. KINNEY,  INC., REPORTS, AND THE BLACK
CLAWSON CO. STATUS  REPORTS.
[ENV]
0101684   *75-001671
FRANKLIN,  OHIO'S  SOLID  WASTE DISPOSAL AND FIBER RECOVERY DEMONSTRATION
PLANT, Volume I
  NEFF,  N. THOMAS ; OKEL N.  WAYNE   A.M.  KINNEY INC,  CINCINNATI,
  NTIS REPORT PB-234 715/1WP,  1974,  VI (68)

  SPECIAL  REPORT   THE   FRANKLIN,   OHIO,   RESOURCE  RECOVERY DEMONSTRATION
PROJECT  HAS  ELICITED   WIDESPREAD   INTEREST.   PRESENTED ARE: A PRELIMINARY
ANALYSIS  OF  THE  SOLID  WASTE DISPOSAL AND FIBER RECOVERY PORTIONS OF THE
PROJECT;  AND  PRELIMINARY DATA BY WHICH OTHERS MAY BE GUIDED IN EVALUATING
EMERGING  SOLID  WASTE   DISPOSAL AND  RESOURCE  RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES. THE
HISTORICAL   DEVELOPMENT  OF   THIS   EPA-SPONSORED  PROJECT  AND  A  GENERAL
DESCRIPTION   AND   EVALUATION  OF   THE  PROCESS  USED  ARE  INCLUDED.  THE
PRELIMINARY  PLANT  ECONOMICS PRESENTED ARE BASED ON CONSTRUCTION COSTS AND
THE  FIRST 12 MONTHS OF  OPERATION. THE PLANT BEGAN FUNCTIONING IN JUNE 1971
AND IS NOW IN REGULAR OPERATION RECOVERING FERROUS METALS AND PAPER FIBERS,
WHICH ARE SOLD TO LOCAL  INDUSTRIES.
[ENV]

-------
-dl00814    *75-000815
FIBER RECOVERY  THROUGH HYDROPULPING,
  EICHHOLZ  BERNARD
  CITY MANAGER,  FRANKLIN,  OHIO,
  PRESENTED AT  SOLID WASTE SYM, CINCINNATI, MAY 4-6, 71, P25  (11)


  TECHNICAL REPORT  THE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND RECLAMATION  FACILITY  BEING
BUILT  BY   FRANKLIN,  OHIO,  IS DESCRIBED. THE SYSTEM INVOLVES PULPING  SOLID
WASTE   USING    PAPER   MILL   EQUIPMENT,  REMOVING  THE  METAL  AND   GLASS
CENTRIFUGALLY,   AND  DEWATERING  AND  BURNING  THE  REMAINING MATERIAL IN  A
FLUIDIZED-BED   REACTOR.  ESTIMATED  CONSTRUCTION  COST  FOR THE HYDRASPOSAL
PLANT  IS   $2   MILLION. THE PROCESS IS ALMOST TOTALLY NONPOLLUTING AND WILL
TREAT  .MUNICIPAL  SEWAGE,   INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER, NONAQUEOUS  LIQUID WASTES,
AND MUNICIPAL REFUSE ON THE SAME SITE. (1 DIAGRAM, 2 PHOTOS,  1 TABLE)
[ENV]

-------
   ERNATIONAL ASPECTS
0115571     78-023935
 ENERGY/RESOURCE   CONSERVATION  MEASURES  FOR  ON-SITE  ENERGY  PLANTS   IN
DEVELOPING  COUNTRIES,
  MECKLER MILTON
  ENERGY GROUP, LOS  ANGELES,
  ITCC REVIEW, JAN 78,  V7,  Nl, P25 (15)

  SURVEY  REPORT   BECAUSE OF  LIMITED AVAILABILITY OF FUEL, HIGH FUEL COSTS,
AND  LACK   OF  CAPITAL,  ENERGY RESOURCE CONSERVATION IS OF VITAL CONCERN TO
DEVELOPING  NATIONS.  WAYS TO  CONSERVE SCARCE DOMESTIC OR IMPORTED ENERGY
RESOURCES   INCLUDE:    PROPER   EQUIPMENT  SELECTION,  EFFICIENT  EQUIPMENT
OPERATION,  COOPERATION  BETWEEN ENERGY PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS TO TAKE  THE
BEST  ADVANTAGE   OF  LOAD REQUIREMENTS, AND USE OF WASTE AS A FUEL RESOURCE.
FROM  35-64%  OF   THE   ENERGY  NORMALLY  LOST  IN FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION IS
RECOVERABLE THROUGH  ONSITE ENERGY SYSTEMS. HEAT GENERATED IN THE PRODUCTION
OF  ELECTRICITY   CAN BE  USED  BY ONSITE SYSTEMS TO SUPPLY ENERGY FOR SUCH
OTHER  REQIREMENTS AS HEATING, AIR-CONDITIONING, AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING.
TRANSMISSION  LOSSES ARE  ELIMINATED  BECAUSE  THE GENERATING EQUIPMENT IS
LOCATED AT  THE SITE  WHERE IT  IS BEING USED. (5 DIAGRAMS, 3 TABLES)
[EGY]
0128911   *78-003805
GROWTH WITHOUT PAIN,
  VAN DAM ANDRE
  CPC INTERNATIONAL,
  B ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, APR  78,  V34,  N4,  P28  (3)

  TECHNICAL FEATURE  THE WORLD  CAN AFFORD SUSTAINED ECONOMIC GROWTH ONLY IF
IT  REDUCES  WASTE  IN  THE MANUFACTURING,   DISTRIBUTION,   AND CONSUMPTION
PROCESSES.  WASTE  MANAGEMENT   INCLUDES  CONSERVATION OF ENERGY, RECOVERY OF
RESOURCES,  USE  OF  SOLID  WASTE  AND AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES,  AND DECREASE OF
PLANNED   OBSOLESCENCE.   BENEFITS   OF   WASTE MANAGEMENT  INCLUDE  REDUCED
INFLATION  AND  EXPANDED  EMPLOYMENT.  INITIAL  COSTS  MAY  BE HIGH. PRIMARY
SOURCES  OF  WASTE  ARE  THE  AUTOMOBILE,  SOLID  WASTE FROM HOUSEHOLDS AND
AGRICULTURAL  RESIDUES,  AND  THE PREFERENCE FOR  VIRGIN   MATERIALS  OVER
RECYCLED  ONES.  RECYCLING  POTENTIALS FOR AGRICULTURE,  HOUSEHOLD WASTE, AND
INDUSTRY  ARE DESCRIBED. THE MOST TRAGIC WASTE IS THAT  OF PEOPLE'S TIME AND
EXPERIENCE. (1 PHOTO, 12 REFERENCES)
[ENV]

-------
   ERNATIONAL ASPECTS
0115571    78-023935
 ENERGY/RESOURCE  CONSERVATION   MEASURES   FOR   ON-SITE  ENERGY  PLANTS  IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES,
  MECKLER MILTON
  ENERGY GROUP, LOS ANGELES,
  ITCC REVIEW, JAN 78, V7, Nl,  P25  (15)

  SURVEY  REPORT  BECAUSE OF  LIMITED AVAILABILITY  OF FUEL,  HIGH FUEL COSTS,
AND  LACK  OF  CAPITAL,  ENERGY  RESOURCE CONSERVATION IS OF  VITAL CONCERN TO
DEVELOPING  NATIONS.  WAYS  TO   CONSERVE  SCARCE DOMESTIC OR IMPORTED ENERGY
RESOURCES   INCLUDE:   PROPER   EQUIPMENT  SELECTION,   EFFICIENT  EQUIPMENT
OPERATION,  COOPERATION  BETWEEN ENERGY PRODUCERS  AND CONSUMERS TO TAKE THE
BEST  ADVANTAGE  OF LOAD REQUIREMENTS, AND USE  OF  WASTE AS  A FUEL RESOURCE.
FROM  35-64%  OF  THE  ENERGY  NORMALLY   LOST   IN  FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION IS
RECOVERABLE THROUGH ONSITE ENERGY SYSTEMS.  HEAT GENERATED IN THE PRODUCTION
OF  ELECTRICITY  CAN  BE USED   BY  ONSITE SYSTEMS  TO SUPPLY ENERGY FOR SUCH
OTHER  REQIREMENTS AS HEATING,  AIR-CONDITIONING, AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING.
TRANSMISSION  LOSSES  ARE  ELIMINATED  BECAUSE   THE  GENERATING EQUIPMENT IS
LOCATED AT THE SITE WHERE IT  IS BEING USED.  (5  DIAGRAMS,  3  TABLES)
[EGY]
0128911   *78-003805
GROWTH WITHOUT PAIN,
  VAN DAM ANDRE
  CPC INTERNATIONAL,
  B ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, APR 78, V34, N4, P28  (3)

  TECHNICAL FEATURE  THE WORLD CAN AFFORD SUSTAINED ECONOMIC  GROWTH ONLY IF
IT  REDUCES  WASTE  IN  THE  MANUFACTURING,  DISTRIBUTION,  AND CONSUMPTION
PROCESSES.  WASTE  MANAGEMENT  INCLUDES CONSERVATION OF ENERGY,  RECOVERY OF
RESOURCES,  USE  OF  SOLID WASTE AND AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, AND DECREASE OF
PLANNED   OBSOLESCENCE.   BENEFITS  OF  WASTE  MANAGEMENT   INCLUDE  REDUCED
INFLATION  AND  EXPANDED  EMPLOYMENT.  INITIAL  COSTS  MAY  BE HIGH.  PRIMARY
SOURCES  OF  WASTE  ARE  THE  AUTOMOBILE,  SOLID  WASTE FROM  HOUSEHOLDS AND
AGRICULTURAL  RESIDUES,  AND  THE  PREFERENCE  FOR  VIRGIN  MATERIALS  OVER
RECYCLED  ONES.  RECYCLING POTENTIALS FOR AGRICULTURE, HOUSEHOLD WASTE, AND
INDUSTRY  ARE DESCRIBED. THE MOST TRAGIC WASTE IS THAT OF PEOPLE'S TIME AND
EXPERIENCE. (1 PHOTO, 12 REFERENCES)
[ENV]

-------
0118404   *79-021598
ENERGY ANALYSIS OF RESOURCE  RECOVERY OPTIONS,
  BROWN,  C. K.   ; HOPTON  F.  J.;  LAUGHLIN R.  G.  W.;  SAX S. E.
  CANADA DEPT OF  ENV CHEMISTRY,
  ONTARIO RESEARCH FOUNDATION PROJECT REPORT P-2032/G,  APR 30, 76 (152)

  SPECIAL  REPORT  ENERGY ANALYSIS METHODOLOGIES ARE DISCUSSED. APPROACHES
TO  GAUGING  THE  COST  EFFICIENCY  OF SEVERAL RESOURCE RECOVERY OPTIONS FOR
MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT  IN ONTARIO,  CANADA,  ARE CONSIDERED. DATA RELATING
TO ENERGY COSTS OF RECYCLING NEWSPAPERS,  GLASS CONTAINERS, STEEL, ALUMINUM,
AND  PLASTICS ARE PROVIDED.  BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON ENERGY USE IN ONTARIO
INDUSTRIES  AND   ON CALORIFIC VALUES OF MATERIALS FOUND IN WASTE STREAMS IS
INCLUDED.  TOPICS FOR  FUTURE RESEARCH  ARE  IDENTIFIED.   (20 DIAGRAMS, 2
GRAPHS, 1 MAP, 30 TABLES)
[EGY]
0108161    75-008004
A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO THE ECONOMICS  OF WASTE HANDLING,
  BRIDGWATER,  A. V.  ; GREGORY  S. A.; MUMFORD C.  J.; SMITH E. L.
  UNIV OF ASTON, UK,
  RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION,  MAY 75,  VI, Nl,  P3  (21)

  SURVEY  REPORT   ALL  POSSIBLE  STAGES AND ALTERNATIVES IN THE RECYCLING,
TREATMENT,  TRANSPORT,  AND  DISPOSAL OF WASTES ARE ANALYZED. TOTAL COSTS OF
ALTERNATIVE WAYS OF RECYCLING, TREATING,  OR DISPOSING OF ANY SPECIFIC WASTE
MAY  BE  CALCULATED BY ADDING UP UNIT COSTS.  THE EFFECTS OF NEW LEGISLATION
AND  CHANGES  IN  INDUSTRIAL MATERIAL  PRODUCTION  IN   THE  U.K.  ARE ALSO
DISCUSSED. (1 DIAGRAM, 2 GRAPHS,  58  REFERENCES, 5  TABLES)
0109420    77-022483
  UTILIZATION OF WASTES AS RENEWABLE  ENERGY  SOURCE,
  SINAI,  J. ; ROZEWICZ J.
  BET-SHEMESH ENGINES, ISRAEL,
  PRESENTED AT ISRAEL ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY  6TH SCIENTIFIC CONF,  TEL-AVIV,  JUN
4-5, 75, P392 (10)

-------
  SURVEY REPORT  MATERIAL AND ENERGY RECOVERY  FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS
CONSIDERED AS AN ECONOMIC ALTERNATIVE TO THE PROBLEMS  OF WASTE DISPOSAL AND
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL ENERGY.  PROPOSED IS A  RECOVERY SYSTEM CONSISTING OF
A  GAS  TURBINE  AND  A HEAT RECOVERY STEAM BOILER IN  WHICH THE GAS TURBINE
EXHAUST  GASES  ARE  USED  AS  AN  OXYGEN  SOURCE FOR  WASTE COMBUSTION. THE
COMBINATION  OF WASTE COMBUSTION WITH THE GAS  TURBINE  EXHAUST HEAT RECOVERY
PROCESS  SEEMS TO BE VERY EFFECTIVE BECAUSE IT WOULD ALLOW THE WASTES TO BE
DRIED  BY  HOT  GASES  AND  THE  COMBUSTION  TEMPERATURE  TO  BE INCREASED.
UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES FROM ISRAELI URBAN AREAS COULD SUPPLY
ABOUT  250  MILLION  KWH/YR  OF  ELECTRIC POWER.  (1 DIAGRAM,  5 REFERENCES, 1
TABLE)
[EGY]


0104691    76-022434
PROJECTS AND PROCESSES,
  PRESENTED  AT CONVERSION OF REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST INTL CONF,  MONTREUX, NOV
3-5, 75, P513 (24)

  SURVEY  REPORT   AT  AN  INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
ENERGY,  THE  FOLLOWING  PAPERS  WERE PRESENTED DURING  A SESSION ON PROJECTS
AND   PROCESSES:   ''THE   BOSTON   NORTH  SHORE  SYSTEM-A  CASE  STUDY  OF
MULTI-COMMUNITY,  PRIVATELY  FINANCED  REFUSE  DISPOSAL AND ENERGY RECOVERY
SYSTEM1'   (PANEL  DISCUSSION);  '"RESIDUES  CONVERSION  TO  CHEMICALS  AND
ENERGY11;  AND  ''RESOURCES  RECOVERY  BY  PYROLYSIS   OF  WASTE TIRES.11 (3
DIAGRAMS, 4 TABLES)
[EGY]
0104690    76-022433
PLANTS AND PROJECTS,
  PRESENTED  AT CONVERSION OF REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST  INTL  CONF,  MONTREUX,  NOV
3-5, 75, P477 (36)

  SURVEY  REPORT   AT  AN  INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
ENERGY,  THE FOLLOWING PAPERS WERE PRESENTED DURING A SESSION  ON PLANTS  AND
PROJECTS:  "UTILIZATION  OF  SOLID WASTE IN NEW YORK: A STATE GOVERNMENT'S
POSITIVE  ACTION  PROGRAM11;  ''ONTARIO RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAM1';  ''UNION
ELECTRIC  COMPANY'S SOLID WASTE UTILIZATION SYSTEM1';  ''PROCESSING RESIDUES
FOR PROFIT'1; ''TWO CONTROLLED HIGH TEMPERATURE WASTE TO ENERGY PROJECTS'1;
AND  ''RESEARCHES ON THE CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES  TO  ENERGY AT  THE
UNIVERSITY  OF THE PHILIPPINES.1'  (6 DIAGRAMS, 1 GRAPH,  3 MAPS,  6 PHOTOS, 5
TABLES)
[EGY]

-------
/ 0104688     76-022431
  COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS,
    PRESENTED  AT CONVERSION OF REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST INTL CONF, MONTREUX,  NOV
  3-5,  75,  P404 (35)

    SURVEY   REPORT   AT  AN  INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
  ENERGY, THE FOLLOWING PAPERS WERE PRESENTED DURING A SESSION ON COMPARATIVE
  ECONOMICS:   ''HOW ECONOMIC IS ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE?'1;  ''PREPARED  VS.
  UNPREPARED  REFUSE  FIRED  STEAM  GENERATORS1';   " REFUSE MANAGEMENT: THREE
  FORMS OF  BURNING FOR ENERGY RECOVERY11;  ''AN ECONOMIC AND FINANCING MODEL
  FOR  IMPLEMENTING  SOLID  WASTE  MANAGEMENT/RESOURCE  RECOVERY  PROJECTS'';
  ''EAST BAY SOLID WASTE ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM''; AND ''HEAT FROM DOMESTIC
  REFUSE: COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS.'•
  [EGY]
 0104686     76-022429
 CITY PROJECTS,
   PRESENTED AT CONVERSION OF REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST INTL CONF, MONTREUX, NOV
 3-5, 75, P250  (29)

   SURVEY  REPORT   AT  AN  INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
,ENERGY,  THE   FOLLOWING  PAPERS  WERE  PRESENTED  DURING  A SESSION ON CITY
".PROJECTS:   "ENERGY  CONVERSION IN NEW YORK11; ''THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
 OF  THE  MONROE COUNTY,  NEW YORK,  SOLID WASTE RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITY";
 ' 'A SOLID WASTE RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE"; "ENERGY
 RECOVERY    FOR  HYDRAPULPING  AT  HEMPSTEAD'';  ''SOLID  WASTE  FOR  POWER
 GENERATION  FUEL IN  A  SMALL  CITY";  "FUEL  FROM  LONDON'S  REFUSE: AN
 EXAMINATION OF ECONOMIC VIABILITY'';  AND ''THE ENERGETIC UTILISATION OF THE
 COMMUNAL REFUSE ON  THE  EXAMPLE OF KATOWICE  REGION."  (4 DIAGRAMS, 4 GRAPHS,
 1 MAP)
 [EGY]
 0104685    76-022428
 NEW METHODS OF ENERGY EXTRACTION FROM MUNICIPAL WASTES,  PART I,
   PRESENTED  AT CONVERSION  OF  REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST INTL CONF, MONTREUX, NOV
 3-5, 75, P214 (35)

   SURVEY  REPORT   AT  AN   INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
 ENERGY, THE FOLLOWING PAPERS WERE PRESENTED DURING A SESSION ON NEW METHODS
 OF  ENERGY  EXTRACTION  FROM   MUNICIPAL WASTES:  "WILL THE CLASSICAL REFUSE
 INCINERATION  METHOD  OF  REFUSE  DISPOSAL  BE  SUPERSEDED BY PYROLYSIS?'';
 "PYROLYSIS OF DOMESTIC REFUSE WITH MINERAL RECOVERY";  "THE CONVERSION OF
 MUNICIPAL  SOLID  WASTE  TO A  LIQUID  FUEL  BY  PYROLYSIS"; "A SLAGGING
 PYROLYSIS  PROCESS SOLID WASTE CONVERSION SYSTEM FOR BALTIMORE, MARYLAND";
 AND  "PYROLYZING  TEST  OF MUNICIPAL  WASTE  IN  JAPAN."  (10 DIAGRAMS,  3
 GRAPHS, 4 TABLES)
 [EQY]

-------
.,104684    76-022427
NATIONAL OR GOVERNMENT  INVOLVEMENT,
  PRESENTED  AT CONVERSION  OF  REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST INTL CONF,  MONTREUX, NOV
3-5, 75, P125  (48)

  SURVEY  REPORT   AT   AN   INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
ENERGY, THE FOLLOWING PAPERS WERE PRESENTED DURING A SESSION ON NATIONAL OR
GOVERNMENTAL   INVOLVEMENT:  ''IMPACT  OF BRITISH LEGISLATION UPON DISPOSAL OF
WASTE11; ''STATUS PAPER ON  CONVERSION OF SOLID WASTE TO ENERGY ON THE NORTH
AMERICAN  CONTINENT'';   ''THE  U.S. EPA WASTE-TO-ENERGY STRATEGY'1; ''ENERGY
RECOVERY  IN   THE  UNITED   STATES,   STATUS  OF  IMPLEMENTATIONS• '; " ENERGY
RECOVERY  FROM WASTES IN CANADA1';  ''PARAMETERS DETERMINING DESIRABILITY OF
REFUSE  FIRED  STEAM GENERATORS FOR CENTRAL HEATING AND COOLING IN CANADA'1;
AND  ''THE  CHOICE  BETWEEN RECLAMATION  AND  THE  RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM
WASTE.1' (4 GRAPHS, NUMEROUS REFERENCES,  11 TABLES)
[EGY]
0104681    76-022424
IMPACT OF RECYCLING ON ENERGY  CONTENT OF REFUSE,
  PRESENTED  AT CONVERSION OF  REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST INTL CONF,  MONTREUX, NOV
3-5, 75, P28 (39)

  SURVEY  REPORT   AT  AN  INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
ENERGY,  THE FOLLOWING PAPERS  WERE  PRESENTED DURING A SESSION  ON THE IMPACT
OF RECYCLING ON THE ENERGY CONTENT  OF REFUSE:  ''RECYCLING:  FUNDAMENTALS AND
CONCEPTS11;  ''A  MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR TECHNICAL RECYCLING'1;  ''SAVING OF
ENERGY  BY  RECYCLING  OF  REFUSE11   (IN  GERMAN);   ''INFLUENCE  OF SEPARATE
COLLECTION  ON  CALORIFIC  POWER  OF  URBAN   SOLID WASTES'"; AND ''SEPARATE
COLLECTION  OF  HOUSEHOLD  REFUSE   IN  TOKYO.1'  (NUMEROUS  DIAGRAMS, GRAPHS,
REFERENCES, TABLES)
[EGY]

0101935    75-007248
IN  ONTARIO,  A  MAJOR  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  SYSTEM TO FIGHT A  MAJOR WASTE
DISPOSAL PROBLEM,
  WILLIAMSON WES
  ONTARIO ENV MINISTRY, CANADA,
  ENGINEERING J, MAR-APR 75, V58, Nl,  P36 (6)

  SURVEY  REPORT   A  PLAN  TO PROVIDE  IN   THREE FIVE-YEAR STAGES ALL THE
FACILITIES  NECESSARY  FOR COMPLETE RESOURCE RECOVERY TO SERVE AT LEAST 90%
OF  THE POPULATION OF ONTARIO  PROVINCE IS REVIEWED.  THE ONTARIO  RECLAMATION
RESEARCH  CENTER  WILL  FIND AND PROVE THE TECHNOLOGY FOR  COMPLETE RESOURCE
RECOVERY.  SOLID  WASTE  ENERGY IS  BEING CONSIDERED TOGETHER WITH REUSE AND
RECLAMATION. OBJECTIVES IN THE THREE-STAGE PLAN ARE SURVEYED.  (3 DIAGRAMS)
[EGY]

-------
.25368    *78-000516
^JOR  SCANDANAVIAN CITIES INCINERATE REFUSE FOR HEAT AND POWER,
 CHRISTENSEN HOWARD F.
 COUNTY OF MONROE,  NY,
 SOLID  WASTES MANAGEMENT,  AUG 77, V20, N8, P34 (5)

 FEATURE  ARTICLE   IN  SCANDANAVIA,  LITTER  IS  PRACTICALLY NONEXISTANT,
IIVATE   ENTERPRISE  DISPLAYS  A  LOW PROFILE IN SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, HEAT
:COVERY  BY  INCINERATION  IS  A WELL-ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGY, AND RESOURCE
1COVERY  IS  ONLY  IN  ITS  EMBRYONIC  STAGES.  OPERATIONS AT THE LANDFILL
IRVING   KARLSKOGA AND KRISTINEHAM, SWEDEN, AND AT STOCKHOLM'S INCINERATORS
IE  DESCRIBED.   MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN OSLO AND COPENHAGEN IS
,SO DISCUSSED.  (4 PHOTOS)
!NV]
16466    *76-007507
PAN  MAKES   RAPID  PROGRESS  IN  DEVELOPING  STRATEGY  FOR SOLID WASTES
NAGEMENT,
HICKMAN,  H.  LANIER
EPA,
SOLID WASTES  MANAGEMENT,  AUG 76,  V19,  N8,  P40 (3)

FEATURE  ARTICLE   JAPAN HAS RAPIDLY PROGRESSED IN SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT
CHNIQUES  AND STRATEGIES.  INCINERATION IS  THE PRIMARY METHOD OF MUNICIPAL
STE TREATMENT, AND OTHER GOALS,  SUCH AS RESOURCE RECOVERY, ARE BUILT INTO
E  INCINERATION SYSTEM.  THE RESPONSIBILITY OF INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT FOR
Z-ARDOUS  INDUSTRIAL  WASTES  IS  ALSO DISCUSSED.  NATIONAL PLANS FOR WASTES
NAGEMENT AND  FEDERAL CONSTRUCTION GRANTS ARE DESCRIBED. (1 PHOTO)
NV]
D8159   *75-008002
SOURCE RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTES,
XOSICH RONALD S.
:ANBERRA COLLEGE OF ADVANCED EDUCATION,  AUSTRALIA,
SEARCH, APR 75, V6, N4,  P120 (7)

TECHNICAL  FEATURE   MUNICIPAL WASTE IS A COMPLEX  MIXTURE THAT VARIES IN
^POSITION  AND  RATE  OF  PRODUCTION WITH LOCALITY,  SEASONAL CHANGES, AND
:IAL  AND  ECONOMIC FACTORS.  THIS  COMPLICATES  THE APPLICATION OF RESOURCE
:OVERY  METHODS,  WHICH   DEPEND LARGELY  ON  THE UNIFORMITY OF THE WASTE
PERIALS  PROCESSED  AND   ON THE STABILITY OF THE SUPPLY.  HOWEVER, A PLANT
*ECTED  TOWARDS RECYCLING METALS FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE WAS RECENTLY OPENED
I OPERATION IN SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA,  AND IS APPARENTLY SUCCESSFULLY HANDLING
! COMPLEXITIES OF MUNICIPAL WASTES.  (1 DIAGRAM,  1 PHOTO,  10 REFERENCES, 6
JLES)
IV]

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.01333     75-001320
J>AN REGAINS  OIL FROM WASTE,
OFUSA JUNNOSUKE
NEW YORK  TIMES,  NOV 7,  74,  P78

NEWS  REPORT   JAPANESE  INDUSTRY,  WHICH  NOW IMPORTS ALL OF  ITS  OIL,  IS
IARCHING   FOR  NEW  TECHNOLOGY  TO  REGAIN  OIL FROM WASTE COMMODITIES  AND
.TERIALS   OR   TO TURN OUT FACTORY PRODUCTS FROM USED ARTICLES.  EIGHT MAJOR
TERPRISES ARE EXPERIMENTING WITH RECYCLING PROJECTS. THE LARGE INDUSTRIAL
TY  OF  OSAKA  HAS  SET  UP A PLANT TO GENERATE ELECTRIC POWER BY  BURNING
USEHOLD WASTES.
NV]

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  JCENTIVES/DISINCENTIVES
0155113   *87-005070
RESOURCE RECOVERY,
  CAROLAN  MICHAEL  J.    ;   PHILLIPS  W.  JOHN ;  SHIMELL PAMELA B. ; JOHNSON
BRUCE
  GSF ENERGY INC, CA,
  WORLD WASTES, JUN 86, V29,  N6,  P24(6)

  JOURNAL  ARTICLE     FALLING  ENERGY  PRICES,  ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS, AND
FEWER  GOVERNMENT  INCENTIVES  HAVE TAKEN THEIR  TOLL ON THE INFANT LANDFILL
GAS  RECOVERY INDUSTRY. THIS  SECTOR IS FEELING MORE AND MORE PRESSURE TO BE
COMPETITIVE  WITH  ALTERNATIVE  FUELS   IN  THE  FACE  OF  RISING  OPERATING
EXPENSES.  OTHER  RESOURCE  RECOVERY  PROJECTS  ARE  BEING  VIEWED AS PRIME
BUSINESS  VENTURES  BY  ENTREPRENEURS.   THE  VARIOUS  ROLES PLAYED BY LOCAL
DEVELOPERS IN DEMONSTRATING THE ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY AND
WASTE REPROCESSING SCHEMES ARE OUTLINED.  OPTIONS BEING CONSIDERED FOR SOLID
WASTE   ENERGY  CONVERSION  AND  RECYCLING  IN  THE  U.K.  AND  SWEDEN  ARE
SUMMARIZED.  TWO  LARGE PILOT PROGRAMS,  ONE INVOLVING SEMI-AUTOMATED REFUSE
COLLECTION  AND  THE  OTHER   INVOLVING DOOR-TO-DOOR COLLECTION OF HAZARDOUS
HOUSEHOLD WASTES, ARE PLENNED FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN LOS ANGELES, CA.
[EGY]


0117357   *79-020605
MARKET ANALYSIS  OF RECOVERED MATERIALS AND ENERGY FROM  SOLID
WASTE
  NTIS REPORT  PB-277 143, JAN 77 (219)

  SPECIAL REPORT  THE EXISTING AND POTENTIAL MARKET FOR MATERIAL AND ENERGY
RECOVERED  FOM  SOLID  WASTE   IS  DESCRIBED.  THE  QUANTITY AND COMPOSITION OF
RESIDENTIAL  AND  COMMERCIAL   WASTES  AVAILABLE   FOR  MATERIAL  AND  ENERGY
RECOVERY FROM SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHIC AREAS  IN WASHINGTON ARE DETERMINED. MAJOR
RESOURCE  RECOVERY PROCESSES  ARE  ASSESSED FOR THEIR SUITABILITY TO SPECIFIC
WASTE  SHEDS  IN  WASHINGTON.   EXISTING   MARKETS FOR MATERIAL RESOURCES ARE
IDENTIFIED  AND QUANTIFIED, AND THE RESOURCE RECOVERY POTENTIAL OF EXISTING
AND  NEW  MATERIAL  AND  ENERGY  MARKETS   IS  EVALUATED. THE MOST IMPORTANT
BARRIERS  TO  THE  GROWTH  OF RESOURCE RECOVERY  MARKETS IN THE NORTHWESTERN
U.S.  ARE  CLASSIFIED.  RECOMMENDATIONS   DEFINING  ROLES FOR THE WASHINGTON
DEPT.  OF  ECOLOGY  IN  THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS ARE
PRESENTED.
[EGY]

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