WASTE MINIMIZATION BIBLIOGRAPHY
RETROSPECTIVE
1970 - 1979
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fey Sneiia Sic-havd, Refer-E-ViC-s- L i tvar -a a*-;. Citations. ^c-r-& s-e 1 C-C-T. e-e
fc-.v- t-rseiv ire2evarsc-e to £>'A i.'sf c.r-;«at.
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of eac-h «•?•«
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the Cfficis of Solic Wa&t-e for- advic-s ar*c o a y-ec-7- i o/s
of tnss. bifei iog-v-spny.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
BACKGROUND
RECYCLING
GENERAL
ENERGY/FUEL RECOVERY
MATERIAL RECOVERY
SOURCE REDUCTION
INCENTIVES/DISINCENTIVES
STATE PROGRAMS
CASE STUDIES
INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS
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RETROSPECTIVE
BACKGROUND
0126138 78-001251
RECLAMATION, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES: AN EVALUATION OF AVAILABLE
OPTIONS,
EPA INTL ENV DOCUMENT REPORT 03797A-U K, 1976 (42)
SPECIAL REPORT VARIOUS AVAILABLE OPTIONS FOR THE RECLAMATION, TREATMENT,
AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES ARE COMPARED AND ASSESSED. ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS OF
THE VARIOUS PROPOSED OPTIONS ARE INCLUDED. TOPICS INCLUDE: RECYCLING,
REUSE, AND RECLAMATION; DISPOSAL ON LAND AND LAND RECLAMATION; THERMAL
TREATMENT AND ENERGY RECOVERY; SEA DISPOSAL; TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF
HAZARDOUS WASTE; DISPOSAL OF AWKWARD HOUSEHOLD WASTE; RESEARCH PROJECTS;
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF WASTE DISPOSAL PLANS; AND USE OF A TRANSPORTATION
MODEL IN THE ALLOCATION OF WASTE.
[ENV]
0124695 *77-006685
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND WASTE REDUCTION: THIRD REPORT TO CONGRESS,
EPA REPORT SW-161, 1975 (113)
SPECIAL REPORT POLICY ISSUES, TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS, AND CITY AND STATE
ACTIVITIES RELATED TO RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM WASTE AND REDUCTION OF WASTE
GENERATION ARE REVIEWED. EPA STUDIES AND INVESTIGATIONS ON RESOURCE
RECOVERY ARE EXAMINED. THE FOLLOWING TOPICS ARE INVESTIGATED: BACKGROUND
AND PERSPECTIVES ON RESOURCE RECOVERY AND WASTE REDUCTION - DEFINITIONS AND
POTENTIALS, QUANTITY AND COMPOSITION OF POST-CONSUMER SOLID WASTE, AND SUCH
BENEFITS AS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION;
TECHNICAL OPTIONS AND MECHANISMS TO ACHIEVE WASTE REDUCTION-REDUCED
RESOURCE USE PER PRODUCT, LONGER PRODUCT LIFE, REUSE, PRODUCT CHANGES, AND
DEPOSIT SYSTEMS; ENERGY RECOVERY FROM POST-CONSUMER SOLID WASTE-QUANTITY OF
ENERGY POTENTIALLY RECOVERABLE AND TECHNOLOGY MARKETS FOR FUELS, STEAM, AND
ELECTRICITY PRODUCED FROM SOLID WASTE; MATERIALS RECOVERY-STEEL CAN, PAPER,
ALUMINUM, AND GLASS RECYCLING; RESOURCE RECOVERY PLANT COST ESTIMATES; AND
STATUS OF WASTE REDUCTION AND RESOURCE RECOVERY EFFORTS. (54 TABLES)
[EGY]
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0102149 *75-008020
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND SOURCE REDUCTION,
EPA CONGRESSIONAL REPORT SW-122, MAR 74 (120)
SPECIAL REPORT EPA'S STUDIES AND INVESTIGATIONS IN 1973 ON RESOURCE
RECOVERY AND SOURCE REDUCTION ARE REVIEWED. THE VARIOUS RESOURCE RECOVERY
AND SOURCE REDUCTION PROGRAMS ARE DISCUSSED CONCERNING CONSERVATION OF
ENERGY AND MATERIAL RESOURCES, PROTECTION OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, AND
ECONOMIC EFFECTS. TOPICS EXAMINED INCLUDE: (1) PROJECTED TRENDS IN RESOURCE
UTILIZATION, POLLUTION, AND SOLID WASTE GENERATION THAT GIVE IMPETUS TO
CONSIDERATION OF RESOURCE RECOVERY AND SOURCE REDUCTION METHODS; (2)
EFFECTS OF SEVERAL EXISTING FEDERAL POLICIES AND PROGRAMS ON THE LEVEL OF
USE OF VIRGIN AND RECYCLED MATERIALS; (3) RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS AND THE
MARKETS FOR MATERIALS AND ENERGY RECOVERED FROM POST-CONSUMER RESIDENTIAL
AND COMMERCIAL WASTE; (4) PRODUCT CONTROLS, SUCH AS BANS, STANDARDS,
CHARGES, AND DEPOSITS, DIRECTED AT REGULATING PRODUCT DESIGN AND
CONSUMPTION FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY OR SOURCE REDUCTION PURPOSES; AND (5)
STUDIES OF RESOURCE RECOVERY AND SOURCE REDUCTION OF SEVERAL SPECIAL
WASTES, SUCH AS AUTOMOBILES, PACKAGING, BEVERAGE CONTAINERS, AND RUBBER
TIRES. (1 DIAGRAM, 2 GRAPHS, 1 MAP, 79 REFERENCES, 81 TABLES)
[EGY]
0127655 78-002628
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTES,
RICHARDSO ROBERT A. ; HAVELEK, JOSEPH
(UNIVERSITY OR NEW ENGLAND, AUSTRALIA), AND ; (VIRGINIA
POLYTECHNIC INST),
TECHNICAL REPORT THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE
QUANTITY AND COMPOSITION OF HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTES ARE ANALYZED.
THE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL, HYPOTHESIS, AND DATA USED ARE SURVEYED.
THE WEEKLY PER CAPITA AND PER HOUSEHOLD QUALITIES OF 11 SELECTED
HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE COMPONENTS ARE EVALUATED UTILIZING
REGRESSION EQUATIONS. THE WASTE CATEGORIES AND TYPES OF MATERIALS
INCLUDED ARE: CLEAR GLASS; GREEN GLASS; ALUMINUM;OTHER METALS;
NEWSPAPER; RAGS, TEXTILES, AND LEATHER; ALL OTHER PAPER;
PLASTICS, RUBBER, AND STYROFOAM; GRASS, TREE CUTTINGS, AND WOOD;
AND GARBAGE, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, AND THE AGE
STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION ARE THE MAJOR VARIABLES AFFECTING THE
QUANTITIES OF THESE COMPONENTS. IF AL GLASS, METALS, PLASTICS,
NEWSPAPER, OTHER PAPER, AND TEXTILES WERE RECOVERED, THEN ABOUT
53% BY WEIGHT OF THE SUMMER HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE LOAD WOULD BE
USABLE RESOURCES. (7REFERENCES, 3 TABLES)
[ENV]
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0126142 *78-001255
SOLID WASTE ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION: RESOURCES FOR STATE & LOCAL
ELECTED OFFICIALS,
EPA REPORT, FEB 77 (174)
SPECIAL REPORT IN THE PAST HALF CENTURY, THE AMOUNT OF SOLID WASTES HAS
ROUGHLY DOUBLED IN THE U.S. BECAUSE OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS AND THE
RISE IN THE STANDARD OF LIVING. AS THE AMOUNT OF SOLID WASTES INCREASES,
AND AS AIR POLLUTION REGULATIONS MAKE INCINERATION OF WASTES ALMOST
IMPOSSIBLE, MUNICIPAL AND COUNTY GOVERNMENTS ARE BECOMING ALERTED TO THE
PROBLEMS OF FINDING PROPER SOLID WASTE LAND DISPOSAL SITES. THE URGENCY OF
THE PROBLEM NECESSITATES BETTER APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL OF
WASTES. NONDOCUMENTARY SOURCES OF INFORMATION RELATED TO SOLID WASTES
MANAGEMENT-INCLUDING PUBLIC INTEREST GROUPS, UNIVERSITIES, AND REFERRAL
SERVICES-AND SECONDARY LITERATURE AVAILABLE-INCLUDING ABSTRACTS JOURNALS,
NEWSLETTERS, AND COMMERCIAL INDEXES-ARE LISTED. (NUMEROUS REFERENCES)
[ENV]
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RECYCLING
GENERAL
0121486 *79-025044
MATERIALS AND ENERGY FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE: RESOURCE RECOVERY AND
RECYCLING FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND BEVERAGE CONTAINER DEPOSIT
LEGISLATION,
US OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT REPORT OTA-M-93, JUL 79, VI,
(284)
SPECIAL REPORT RESOURCE RECOVERY AND RECYCLING MATERIALS AND ENERGY FROM
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE CAN PLAY SIGNIFICANT ROLES IN ALLEVIATING U.S. WASTE
GENERATION AND DISPOSAL PROBLEMS. THE FEASIBILITY OF VARIOUS APPROACHES TO
RESOURCE RECOVERY, RECYCLING, AND REUSE IS DISCUSSED. CONSIDERED ARE: THE
CURRENT FEDERAL ROLE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE; RESOURCE
RECOVERY METHODS; THE MARKETABILITY OF RECOVERED RESOURCES; INSTITUTIONAL
BARRIERS TO RESOURCE RECOVERY AND RECYCLING; INCENTIVES FOR RESOURCE
RECOVERY AND RECYCLING; AND BEVERAGE CONTAINER DEPOSIT LEGISLATION.
(NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS, GRAPHS, REFERENCES, TABLES)
[EGY]
0115804 *78-024143
A SOLID WASTE PACKAGE DEAL: ENERGY AND MATERIALS FROM GARBAGE,
RUETH NANCY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, DEC 77, V99, N12, P24 (6)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE BLACK CLAWSON CO. ENERGY-RESOURCE RECOVERY PLANT
IS A HIGHLY AUTOMATED APPROACH TO THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEM. THE SYSTEM NOT
ONLY RECOVERS FERROUS METALS, ALUMINUM, AND COLOR-SORTED GLASS, BUT ALSO
PRODUCES ELECTRICITY FROM WASTE TO RUN RECOVERY OPERATIONS AND TO SUPPORT A
UTILITY SYSTEM. HOW THE RECOVERY PROCESS WORKS, AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
THAT WILL PROBABLY BE IMPLEMENTED IN ALL FUTURE PLANTS ARE EXPLAINED. (1
DIAGRAM, 2 PHOTOS, 2 TABLES)
[EGY]
0110221 77-023250
NEW LIFE FOR OLD GARBAGE-RESOURCE AND ENERGY RECOVERY FROM SOLID
WASTES,
SCHLOTTMANN ALAN
UNIV OF TENNESSEE,
J ENV ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT, MAR 77, V4, Nl, P57 (11)
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SURVEY REPORT A REGIONAL MODEL FOR RESOURCE AND ENERGY RECOVERY FROM
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES IS DISCUSSED. ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO THE DEFINITION
OF PROFITS AND TO THE QUESTION OF WHETHER RESOURCE RECYCLING CAN BE TRULY
REGIONAL IN SCOPE OR WILL BE LIMITED TO A FEW URBAN AREAS. THE MODEL IS
APPLIED TO A RECOVERY SYSTEM IN THE TVA REGION. PRICE VARIABILITY IS A
MAJOR ECONOMIC PROBLEM FOR SMALLER PROPOSED SYSTEMS. (1 MAP, 19 REFERENCES,
2 TABLES)
[EGY]
0108616 77-021711
PROCESSING AND RECYCLING: PRODUCING END PRODUCTS AND ENERGY,
FERNANDES J. H.
COMBUSTION ENGINEERING INC,
COMBUSTION, FEB 77, V48, N8, P7 (7)
SURVEY REPORT LANDFILL, INCINERATION, PYROLYSIS, AND COMPOSTING ARE
DISCUSSED WITH EMPHASIS ON COMBUSTIBLE REFUSE. A RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM
IN FOUR STAGES IS DESCRIBED. THE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM CONSISTS OF
TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE PROCESSES. THE FUEL VALUE IN THE WASTE STREAM IS
RECLAIMED, AND FERROUS AND NONFERROUS METAL AND MORE VALUABLE FIBERS ARE
RECOVERED. TOTAL COST OF THE SYSTEM IS ESTIMATED TO BE $11.65/TON OF WASTE,
LESS THAN NEARLY ANY OTHER DISPOSAL METHOD. [EGY]
0110971 77-023965
RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND OTHER RESOURCES FROM SOLID WASTE: AN ECONOMIC
SYSTEMS EVALUATION,
STUCKENBRUCK L. C. ; KING C. F. •
(UNIV OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA) AND; (PUBLIC WORKS SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
CONSULTANT, CALIF),
ENGINEERING & PROCESS ECONOMICS, 1977, P27 (16)
SURVEY REPORT THE DECISION TO IMPLEMENT AN ENERGY AND RESOURCES RECOVERY
SYSTEM, USING THE ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF SOLID WASTES GENERATED BY
MUNICIPALITIES THROUGHOUT THE U.S., MUST BE BASED ON SOUND ECONOMIC
RESEARCH. THE TECHNOLOGY AND STATE OF THE ART OF THE VARIOUS PROCESSES FOR
RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND RESOURCES FROM SOLID WASTES ARE REVIEWED. TWO
PROCESSES THAT APPEAR TO BE THE MOST VIABLE FOR IMPLEMENTATION ARE EXAMINED
IN DETAIL. THE COSTS OF THE TWO PROCESSES ARE SUMMARIZED, AND THE ECONOMIC
VIABILITY OF EACH IS EXAMINED. (3 DIAGRAMS, 5 GRAPHS, 18 REFERENCES, 7
TABLES)
[EGY]
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0124019 *77-006056
RESOURCE RECOVERY: HOW TO IDENTIFY AND PIN DOWN MARKETS FOR
OUTPUTS,
GERSHMAN HARVEY W.
GORDIAN ASSOC CO, WASH DC,
SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT, MAY 77, V20, N5, P76 (7)
TECHNICAL FEATURE A MULTIPHASE MARKETING PROGRAM FOR SOLID WASTE
MANAGERS IS DESCRIBED. BEGINNING WITH A LITERATURE SURVEY OF USBM
DOCUMENTS, THE MARKETING SPECIALIST GOES ON TO DEVELOP A STRATEGY FOR
DRAWING UP LETTERS OF INTENT AND DETERMINING THE PRICE AT WHICH THE PRODUCT
SHOULD BE SOLD. PROXIMITY TO CUSTOMERS, OPERATING SCHEDULES, TIMING, AND
OTHER VARIABLES ARE CONSIDERED AS PART OF SUCH A PROGRAM. (1 PHOTO)
[ENV]
0125347 78-000495
PRIME CONTRACTORS FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & ENERGY REVIEW, MAR-APR 77, V4, N2, P12 (8)
TECHNICAL FEATURE RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN RESEARCHED
INTENSELY BY SOME COMPANIES, WHILE OTHERS HAVE BEEN RELUCTANT TO INVEST THE
HUGE SUMS OF MONEY REQUIRED FOR THEM. TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT SUCH
SYSTEMS' EFFECTIVENESS AND FEASIBILITY, 12 COMPANIES THAT DESIGN,
CONSTRUCT, OR OPERATE RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS WERE ASKED TO DESCRIBE THE
ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF SOME OF THE SYSTEMS, THE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE VARIOUS
TYPES, THE KINDS OF FUEL EACH SYSTEM MAKES, ITS MANUFACTURERS, EXISTING
INSTALLATIONS, AND THE BEST FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SYSTEM.
[ENV]
0123367 77-005452
BANKROLLERS FOR RECYCLED TRASH,
BUSINESS WEEK, MAY 16, 77, N2483, P50P (3)
NEWS FEATURE SOARING FUEL COSTS AND THE EVER-SHRINKING AVAILABILITY OF
LANDFILL SITES HAVE CREATED A VAST POTENTIAL MARKET FOR PLANTS THAT RECYCLE
MATERIALS AND PRODUCE ENERGY FROM TRASH. HOWEVER, PUBLIC OFFICIALS ARE
GENERALLY UNWILLING TO INVEST TAX DOLLARS IN PLANT DESIGNS THAT ARE OFTEN
UNPROVED. A FEW RESOURCE RECOVERY COMPANIES ARE USING THEIR MONEY AND
CREDIT TO BUILD PLANTS IN EXCHANGE FOR A GUARANTEE FROM THE CITY OR REGION
TO DELIVER ITS GARBAGE. INVESTMENT RETURN IS EXPECTED FROM PER TON DISPOSAL
FEES PAID BY LOCALITIES AND FROM THE SALE OF RECOVERED MATERIALS AND
ENERGY.
[ENV]
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0118679 *77-001189
EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR: SOLID WASTE,
CEQ 7TH ANNUAL REPORT, SEP 76, P56 (10)
SURVEY REPORT CURRENTLY ABOUT 25 COMMUNITIES HAVE RESOURCE RECOVERY
FACILITIES IN OPERATION, UNDER CONSTRUCTION, OR OUT FOR BID. AT LEAST
ANOTHER 25 HAVE DESIGN OR FEASIBILITY STUDIES UNDER WAY. THE SYSTEMS
PLANNED OR OPERATING IN THE U.S. ARE LISTED. EPA GUIDELINES UNDER THE SOLID
WASTE DISPOSAL ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1970, THE SECONDARY MATERIALS MARKET,
PLASTIC BOTTLES, AND SLUDGE DISPOSAL ARE DISCUSSED AS INFLUENCED BY
DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE PAST YEAR. (1 PHOTO, 5 TABLES)
[ENV]
0119498 77-001957
HOW CAN RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAMS BE FINANCED?,
HUMBER NICHOLAS
EPA
RESOURCE RECOVERY & ENERGY REVIEW, SEP-OCT 76, V3, N5, P20 (3)
SURVEY REPORT RESOURCE RECOVERY IS OFTEN APPROACHED ON A DESIGN BASIS;
THE HOPE IS THAT AFTER A WORKABLE DESIGN IS PERFECTED THE FINANCING WILL BE
FORTHCOMING. THIS APPROACH RESULTS IN SUBSTANTIAL TIME LOSSES, AND ENDS BY
EVENTUALLY INCREASING PROJECT COSTS BOTH IN SALARIES AND LOSSES TO
INFLATION. GENERAL OBLIGATION AND PROJECT FINANCING ARE DISCUSSED REGARDING
THEIR EFFECT ON MAJOR PROJECT FEATURES. COST IMPLICATIONS, DEBT CEILINGS,
AND THE NEED FOR FINANCING AND RISK GUARANTEES ARE REVIEWED.
[ENV]
0103967 76-021740
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS A RESOURCE FOR ENERGY RECOVERY AND
CONSERVATION,
ALTER HARVEY
NATL CENTER FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY, WASH DC,
PRESENTED AT INST OF GAS TECHNOLOGY CONF ON CLEAN FUELS, ORLANDO, FLA,
JAN 27-30, 76, P59 (18)
TECHNICAL REPORT MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE CAN SUPPLY BOTH AN ENERGY SOURCE
FROM PROCESSED COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS, AND RECOVERED GLASS METALS AND OTHER
MATERIALS. ENERGY SAVINGS FROM MATERIALS AND FUELS RECOVERY ARE ESTIMATED
BY A NEW PROCEDURE. THE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF THE WASTE STREAM LIKELY IN THE
FUTURE IS ANALYZED FROM IMPLEMENTATION RATES OF RESOURCE RECOVERY BASED ON
THE CONVERSION AND SUBSTITUTION EFFICIENCIES. THE ENERGY POTENTIALLY
RECOVERABLE FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE BY THIS CALCULATION IS ON THE ORDER
OF MAGNITUDE OF 1 MILLION BPD OF OIL. (3 GRAPHS, 36 REFERENCES, 5 TABLES)
[EGY]
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0120213 77-002572
HOW LONG CAN NATURE PAY THE BILLS?,
BRICELAND RICHARD H.
EPA, ILL,
PRESENTED AT SOIL CONSERVATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA CONF ON LAND
APPLICATION OF WASTE MATERIALS, DBS MOINES, MAR 15-18, 76, P290 (4)
FEATURE ARTICLE GROWING AFFLUENCE IS INCREASING THE PER CAPITA
GENERATION OF WASTES ANNUALLY. EVEN THE SIDES OF MOUNT EVEREST ARE LITTERED
WITH THE LEAVINGS OF EXPLORATION TEAMS. THE DANGER TO THE NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT HAS BEEN RECOGNIZED. SUCH MEASURES AS RECYCLING AND LANDFILLS
ARE BEING USED TO HALT POLLUTION, AND NEW METHODS ARE UNDER STUDY TO
IMPROVE EXISTING TECHNOLOGY. APPLICATION OF WASTE MATERIALS, SUCH AS COW
DUNG AS A FERTILIZER OR AS A POSSIBLE ENERGY SOURCE, MUST CONTINUE UNDER
STRICT GOVERNMENTAL SUPERVISION.
[ENV]
0126151 *78-001264
INDUSTRY'S COMMITMENT TO TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES,
VARDY PETER
WASTE MANAGEMENT,
PRESENTED AT EPA/NSWMA NATL CONGRESS ON WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY &
RESOURCE & ENERGY RECOVERY, DALLAS, DEC 7-9, 76, P216 (7)
COMMENTARY THE INST. OF WASTE TECHNOLOGY WAS ESTABLISHED BY THE NAT'L
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSN. IN 1974 TO PROVIDE A FORUM FOR TECHNOLOGY
ASSESSMENT AND PLANNING. ACTIVITIES OF THREE MAJOR MEMBER COMMITTEES AND
TWO COUNCILS ARE MENTIONED. EXPECTATIONS FOR QUICK, COMMERCIAL, FULL SCALE
RESOURCE RECOVERY HAVE BEEN PREMATURE. SANITARY LANDFILL IS AND WILL
CONTINUE TO BE THE PRIMARY METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL IN THE U.S. AT LEAST
THROUGH THE END OF THE CENTURY.
0104732 76-022475
ENERGY AND RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTES,
MALLAN, G. M. ; TITLOW E. I.
OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH CORP, CALIF,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, APR 76, VI, N3, P207 (10)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE OCCIDENTAL ENERGY AND RESOURCE RECOVERY PROCESS
AND THE 1360 TON/DAY FACILITY PLANNED FOR BRIDGEPORT, CONN., ARE DESCRIBED.
THE OCCIDENTAL PYROLYSIS PROCESS INVOLVES THE RAPID HEATING OF FINELY
SHREDDED ORGANIC MATERIALS IN THE ABSENCE OF AIR USING A PROPRIETARY HEAT
EXCHANGE SYSTEM. FEED PREPARATION AND GLASS AND ALUMINUM RECOVERY ARE
DESCRIBED. UNTIL A SEMI-AUTOMATED SYSTEM IS DEVELOPED, THE PROCESS IS
FAIRLY LABOR INTENSIVE; ECONOMICS OF SCALE WILL HAVE AN APPRECIABLE EFFECT
ON OPERATING COSTS. (3 DIAGRAMS, 3 TABLES)
[EGY]
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0125373 *78-000521
IMPLEMENTING A BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR RESIDUALS: THE WASTE
EXCHANGE,
VITBERG, ALAN K. ; PORTER CHRISTOPHER H.; RUCKER MICHAEL L.
EPA OFFICE OF WATER PLANNING AND STANDARDS,
EPA WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT REPORT EPA-440/9-76-019, JUN 76 (27)
SPECIAL REPORT THE FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT OF 1972 CALLS FOR
PLANNERS TO DEVELOP TECHNIQUES TO CONTROL THE DISPOSAL OF ALL RESIDUAL
WASTES GENERATED WITHIN THE PLANNER'S JURISDICTION THAT COULD AFFECT WATER
QUALITY AND TO CONTROL THE DISPOSAL OF POLLUTANTS ON LAND OR IN SUBSURFACE
EXCAVATIONS TO PROTECT GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER QUALITY. THE CONCEPTS
THAT FORM A BASIS FOR A ''BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES'1 PROGRAM ARE: WASTE
REDUCTION, RESOURCE CONSERVATION, AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE DISPOSAL. IN
APPLYING THESE CONCEPTS TO THE PROBLEM AT HAND, PLANNERS FOUND THAT A WASTE
EXCHANGE SYSTEM PROVIDED THE MOST BENEFICIAL, ECONOMICAL, AND EFFICIENT
WASTE DISPOSAL PROGRAM. THE WASTE EXCHANGE PREMISE IS THAT MANY WASTES
CONTAIN VALUABLE MATERIALS, SOME OF WHICH ARE IN SHORT SUPPLY, AND THE MOST
EFFICIENT AND ECONOMICAL MEANS OF DISPOSING OF THESE WASTES IS BY RECYCLING
THE USABLE MATERIAL AND TRANSFERRING IT ''AS IS'1 FROM THE GENERATOR TO THE
USER, THEREBY REDUCING THE NEED FOR COSTLY TREATMENT PROCESSES AND THE
INCIDENCE OF POTENTIALLY HARMFUL DISPOSAL PRACTICES. (5 TABLES)
[ENV]
0126150 *78-001263
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND WASTE PROCESSING,
GERSHMAN, HARVEY W. ; LOWE ROBERT A.; ALDRICH ROBERT H.; HOFMANN ROSS
E.; ZALOSH ROBERT G.; LINGLE STEPHEN A.; HOWARD ALDEN H.
URBAN SERVICES GROUP,
PRESENTED AT EPA/NSWMA NATL CONGRESS ON WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY &
RESOURCE & ENERGY RECOVERY, DALLAS, DEC 7-9, 76, P23 (192)
SURVEY REPORT RESOURCE RECOVERY AND WASTE PROCESSING ARE DISCUSSED IN 11
PAPERS ON THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: MARKETING THE OUTPUTS-ENERGY, FUELS,
MATERIALS; PROCUREMENT-WHAT ARE THE ESSENTIAL CONSIDERATIONS?; THE
FINANCE-ABILITY AND THE FINANCING OPTIONS FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY; RECOVERING
ENERGY ONSITE-THE EMERGING ROLE OF MODULAR INCINERATOR-HEAT RECOVERY
SYSTEMS; EXPLOSION PROTECTION IN REFUSE SHREDDING; WHAT ABOUT THE USE OF
SUPPLEMENTAL FUELS?; PITFALLS IN PLANNING-THE ENERGY PURCHASER'S
STANDPOINT; SOURCE REDUCTION AND SEPARATION-IMPACT ON RECOVERY FACILITIES;
REGIONALIZATION-ITS ROLE IN RESOURCE RECOVERY; SOUTH CHARLESTON, W.
VA.-IN-DEPTH CASE STUDY; AND SAUGUS OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE. (6 DIAGRAMS, 3
GRAPHS, 6 PHOTOS, 35 REFERENCES, 33 TABLES)
[ENV]
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0109836 76-001365
RECYCLING-A NATIONWIDE CONCERN,
HENSTOCK M.
UNIV OF NOTTINGHAM, UK,
RESOURCES POLICY, DEC 74, VI, N2, PI15 (5)
NEWS ANALYSIS IN THE SMALL COMMUNITIES OF THE U.S., RECYCLING IS
SPREADING. A GOOD DEAL OF COUNTER-PROPAGANDA IS ISSUED BY THE INST. OF
SCRAP IRON AND STEEL, INC., WHICH STRENUOUSLY DEMANDS THAT RECYCLED
MATERIALS COMPETE WITH NATURAL RESOURCES. HOWEVER, CONSERVATION OF
MATERIALS WAS ALREADY BEING OFFERED ON THE CURRICULUM AT MIT AS EARLY AS
1971. RECYCLING AT THE GOVERNMENTAL AND PRIVATE INDUSTRY LEVELS IN THE U.S.
IS REVIEWED.
[ENV]
0109020 *76-000649
PLASTICS WASTE MANAGEMENT,
BAUM BERNARD ; PARKER CHARLES H.
(DEBELL & RICHARDSON INC, CONN) AND,
DEBELL & RICHARDSON RESEARCH REPORT, OCT 74 (125)
SPECIAL REPORT PLASTICS USED IN PACKAGING ACCOUNT FOR 60% OF ALL SOLID
WASTE PLASTICS. MANY OF THE OTHER PLASTICS CONSUMED ARE THE MORE PERMANENT
OR SEMIPERMANENT TYPE. OF THE PLASTICS RECYCLED THROUGH REPROCESSORS, ABOUT
55% COMES FROM RESIN PRODUCERS, 30% FROM FABRICATORS, AND 15% FROM
CONVERTORS. ONLY 15% OF THE WASTE GENERATED IN PLASTICS PRODUCTION IS NOT
RECYCLED. GENERALLY, SCRAP PRODUCTS HAVE TO BE CONSUMED IN AN END
APPLICATION HAVING WIDER SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS THAN THE PRODUCTS
YIELDING THE SCRAP. THE ADAPTABILITY OF ALL INCINERATION OR LANDFILL
METHODS TO RECOVER ENERGY EFFICIENTLY IS EXAMINED. OTHER METHODS OF WASTE
MANAGEMENT, INCLUDING PYROLYSIS, ARE INVESTIGATED. RECYCLING, PRODUCT
RECOVERY, AND RESOURCE RECOVERY ARE REVIEWED. SOME OF THE RECENT ACTIVITIES
IN PLASTICS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT INCLUDE: DESIGNING FOR DISPOSAL;
DESIGNING FOR TAX INCENTIVES; ENERGY LIMITATIONS OF RECYCLING; AND METHODS
FOR PREIDENTIFICATION OF THE PLASTICS IN A GIVEN ARTICLE DURING FABRICATION
OR AT LEAST PRIOR TO DISTRIBUTION OF THE FINISHED ARTICLE. RELEVANT
LEGISLATION IS REVIEWED. (NUMEROUS REFERENCES)
[ENV]
0102506 *75-002474
SYNTHETIC AGGREGATE FROM INCINERATOR RESIDUE BY A CONTINUOUS FUSION
PROCESS,
PINDZOLA, D. ; CHOU R. C. FRANKLIN INST RESEARCH LABS, PHILADELPHIA,
NTIS REPORT PB-234 194/9WP, APR 74 (64)
-------
SPECIAL REPORT A PILOT PLANT DEMONSTRATION WAS CONDUCTED ON A SIMPLE AND
INEXPENSIVE SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING MUNICIPAL INCINERATOR RESIDUES INTO DENSE
ROAD AGGREGATES. RESIDUES WERE HAMMER-MILLED, BURNED OUT, AND RAPIDLY FUSED
IN A CONTINUOUS MANNER, THEN COOLED AND CRUSHED TO PRODUCE GOOD QUALITY
ROAD AGGREGATE FOR USE IN BITUMINOUS CONCRETE. RESIDUAL ALUMINUM IN THE
CRUSHED AGGREGATE WOULD PRESENTLY PRECLUDE ITS DIRECT USE IN PORTLAND
CEMENT CONCRETE. FULL-SCALE PLANT DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATES WERE PREPARED.
THESE SHOW THAT THE COMPLETE RESIDUE FUSION SYSTEM PRODUCING 120 TON/DAY OF
AGGREGATE WITH A TYPICAL 600 TON/DAY EFUSE INCINERATOR WOULD COST $300,000.
OPERATING COSTS FOR THE AGGREGATE PLANT INCLUDING CAPITAL
CHARGES COULD BE $4-5/TON OF AGGREGATE,
-------
-RECYCLING
ENERGY/FUEL RECOVERY
0151429 *86-034804
WASTE PRODUCTS UTILIZATION PRODUCTS,
FAIRMONT: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES: IMPROVING INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY, MAR 85,
P27(30)
BOOK PROJECTS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED OR ARE UNDERWAY TO ADVANCE WASTE
PRODUCTS UTILIZATION APPROACHES FOR INDUSTRIAL SECTOR ENERGY CONSERVATION.
A PYROLYTIC PROCESS THAT CONVERTS ATACTIC POLYPROPYLENE WASTE TO FUEL OIL
WAS DEVELOPED FOR USE IN THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY. A BRAYTON-CYCLE HEAT PUMP
DESIGNED TO RECOVER VOLATILE ORGANIC SOLVENTS FROM WASTE VAPORS IS
DESCRIBED. ALSO REPORTED ARE RESEARCH EFFORTS ADDRESSING WASTE TIRE
COMBUSTION, LOW ENERGY CEMENT PRODUCTION, ENERGY RECOVERY FROM FOREST
RESIDUES LIQUID FUEL FROM WASTE CELLULOSE, AND REREFINING OF WASTE OIL. (8
DIAGRAMS, 25 REFERENCES, 3 TABLES, )
[EGY]
0121037 *79-024114
ENERGY FROM BIOMASS WASTES,
LOHUIS D. J.
PRESENTED AT ASSN OF ENERGY ENGINEERS WORLD ENERGY ENGINEERING 1ST CONF,
ATLANTA, OCT 31-NOV 2, 78, P150 (5)
SURVEY REPORT THE AMOUNT OF BIOMASS WASTES PRODUCED ANNUALLY IN THE
U.S., INCLUDING CROP WASTES, ANIMAL AND POULTRY MANURE, MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTES, AND FORESTRY RESIDUES, ARE ESTIMATED. AMOUNTS OF THESE WASTES THAT
ARE ALREADY COLLECTED OR ARE READILY COLLECTIBLE ARE DETERMINED. DESCRIBED
ARE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES THAT HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED FOR APPLICATION TO
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TO PERMIT SEPARATION OF A REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL THAT
CAN BE CO-COMBUSTED WITH COAL, OR OTHERWISE USED AS A FUEL. ADVANCED
THERMAL PROCESSES FOR UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS, INCLUDING PYROLYSIS AND
GASIFICATION, ARE DESCRIBED. (1 GRAPH, 13 REFERENCES, 1 TABLE)
[EGY]
0120583 *79-023683
WASTE-TO-ENERGY CONTRACTS COVER A HOST OF LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
ISSUES,
SWINEHART, GLENN A. ; SANDERS WHITNEY A.
SANDERS & THOMAS INC, PA,
SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT, JUN 79, V22, N6, P56 (3)
-------
TECHNICAL FEATURE DESCRIBED ARE THE FACTORS THAT NEED TO BE CONSIDERED
DURING FORMATION OF CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR BRINGING A WASTE-TO-ENERGY
PROJECT FROM THE HYPOTHETICAL STAGE TO SUCCESSFUL OPERATION. THE PRIMARY
CONTRACTING PARTIES MAY INCLUDE: THE OWNER OR SPONSOR OF THE RESOURCE
RECOVERY FACILITY; ENERGY CUSTOMERS; PUBLIC REFUSE COLLECTION SYSTEM
OWNERS; PRIVATE HAULERS AND COLLECTORS; PRIVATE PURCHASERS OF RECOVERED
MATERIALS; CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS; AND PRIVATE DESIGNERS AND OPERATORS OF
THE FACILITY. PRE-CONTRACT FEASIBILITY STUDIES ARE DESCRIBED. CONTRACTUAL
WASTE AND ENERGY ARRANGEMENTS ARE DISCUSSED. ALSO CONSIDERED ARE: WASTE
SUPPLY AND ASH REMOVAL CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS; FUNDING ARRANGEMENTS; AND
CONSULTANT CONTRACTS. (3 PHOTOS)
[EGY]
0119776 *79-022922
FINANCING DISPERSED GENERATION PROJECTS,
FELDMAN, ROGER D. ; GIORDANO GERARD
LEBOEUF, LAMB, LEIBY, & MACRAE, WASH DC,
PUBLIC POWER, MAR-APR 79, V37, N2, P31 (5)
SURVEY REPORT WAYS FOR PUBLICLY-OWNED UTILITIES TO DIVERSIFY POWER
GENERATION SOURCES ARE DISCUSSED. AVAILABLE ENERGY-EFFICIENT DISPERSED
TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDE COGENERATION OF POWER, RESOURCE RECOVERY, AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED COMMUNITY SYSTEMS. PROVISIONS OF THE NAT'L ENERGY
POLICY ACT OF 1978 THAT ENCOURAGE THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISPERSED ENERGY
SOURCES ARE REVIEWED. REGULATIONS AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVES WILL HEIGHTEN
INDUSTRY'S INTEREST IN ENERGY COGENERATION. FOR MUNICIPAL UTILITIES, SOLID
WASTE RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAMS MAY BE APPLICABLE TO COGENERATION WITH
BIOMASS POWER SYSTEMS. DISPERSED PROJECTS CAN BE FINANCED WITH GENERAL
OBLIGATION BONDS, REVENUE BONDS, OR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BONDS.
[EGY]
0119423 *79-022569
CONVERSION OF URBAN WASTE TO ENERGY: DEVELOPING AND INTRODUCING ALTERNATE
FUELS FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE,
GAO REPORT EMD-79-7, FEE 28, 79 (115)
SPECIAL REPORT MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS A PROMISING, VIRTUALLY
INEXHAUSTIBLE DOMESTIC ENERGY SOURCE. TECHNOLOGIES TO CONVERT SUCH WASTE TO
ENERGY ARE AVAILABLE, AND URBAN WASTE-TO-ENERGY SYSTEMS COULD SUPPLEMENT
U.S. ENERGY SUPPLIES AND HELP TO RESOLVE MATERIAL RESOURCE AND WASTE
DISPOSAL PROBLEMS. DISCUSSED ARE THE STATUS AND BENEFITS OF AND BARRIERS TO
WASTE-TO-ENERGY SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION. DOE AND EPA R&D PROGRAMS CONCERNING
WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES ARE DESCRIBED. IF TECHNOLOGICALLY AND
ECONOMICALLY VIABLE WASTE-TO-ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS ARE TO BE USED ON AN
ACCELERATED SCALE IN THE NEAR FUTURE, A MORE ACTIVE ROLE BY THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT IS REQUIRED. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT EPA DEVELOP AND SUBMIT TO
CONGRESS A DETAILED TEN-YEAR PLAN DESCRIBING A SPECIFIC STRATEGY FOR A
FEDERAL WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROGRAM. (NUMEROUS TABLES)
[EGY]
-------
0117905 79-021124
URBAN WASTES AS AN ENERGY SOURCE,
KUESTER JAMES L.
ARIZONA STATE UNIV,
PRESENTED AT ARIZONA STATE UNIV ENERGY SYSTEMS SYM, TEMPE, 1978, P75 (4)
SURVEY REPORT IT IS PREDICTED THAT 60,000 MW OF ELECTRICAL CAPACITY CAN
BE OBTAINED FROM 0.5 X 109 TPY OF REFUSE BY THE YEAR 2000. CONVERSION
PROCESS OPTIONS ARE DESCRIBED. A LIST OF INSTALLED OR PROJECTED RESOURCE
RECOVERY SYSTEMS IS INCLUDED. LARGE-SCALE RECOVERY OF URBAN REFUSE SEEMS TO
BE INEVITABLE. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ENERGY THAT CAN BE OBTAINED FROM REFUSE
IS LIMITED. (1 DIAGRAM, 2 GRAPHS, 2 TABLES)
[EGY]
0113690 78-022119
SOLID WASTE AND COAL FIRING IN INDUSTRIAL BOILERS,
FERNANDES, JOHN H. ; PROHAZKA GEORGE J.
COMBUSTION ENGINEERING, CONN,
PRESENTED AT US DEPT OF ENERGY/AGA/NCA/EPRI 5TH ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CONF,
WASH DC, FEB 27-MAR 1, 78, P882 (7)
TECHNICAL REPORT A RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM WILL RECOVER 95% OF THE
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL IN RAW REFUSE AND INCREASE THE HEATING VALUE FROM
ABOUT 4700 BTU/LB TO ABOUT 5900 BTU/LB. THE MOST FAVORABLE WAY TO USE
REFUSE DERIVED FUEL IS AS SUPPLEMENTARY FUEL IN AN EXISTING BOILER.
SUSPENSION BURNING, SEMI-SUSPENSION FIRING IN SPREADER STOKER BOILERS, THE
REFUSE DERIVED FUEL-COAL RATIO, EXPECTED PERFORMANCES, ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSIDERATIONS, AND STACK GAS CLEANUP EQUIPMENT ARE DESCRIBED. ABOUT 2.3 LB
OF REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL WILL CONSERVE ONE POUND OF COAL. (4 DIAGRAMS, 1
PHOTO, 8 TABLES) [EGY]
0113689 78-022118
ENERGY FROM URBAN WASTE,
BERNHEISEL J. F.
NATL CENTER FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY, WASH DC,
• PRESENTED AT US DEPT OF ENERGY/AGA/NCA/EPRI 5TH ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CONF,
WASH DC, FEB 27-MAR 1, 78, P808 (9)
SURVEY REPORT URBAN WASTE IS ESTIMATED AT APPROXIMATELY 94 MILLION TONS
IN 1975. USE OF RECOVERY MATERIALS FROM THE 1975 TOTAL COULD HAVE SAVED
0.47 1015 BTU. THE COMBUSTIBLE PORTION HAD A POTENTIAL OF 0.846 1015
AVAILABLE BTU. INCINERATION, REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL, AND LIQUID AND GASEOUS
FUELS FROM PYROLYSIS ARE EXPLAINED. ABOUT 1 Q OF THE NATION'S ENERGY
REQUIREMENT COULD BE DISPLACED IF URBAN WASTE WERE FULLY USED. (3 DIAGRAMS,
3 TABLES)
[EGY]
-------
0117876 79-021095
ENERGY FROM URBAN RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS,
CONN W. DAVID
UNIV OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES,
PRESENTED AT ENERGY USE MANAGEMENT INTL CONF, TUCSON, OCT 24-28, 77,
V3-4, P787 (8)
TECHNICAL REPORT WASTE MAY BE REDUCED AT ITS SOURCE BY CHANGING PATTERNS
OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION. WASTE REDUCTION METHODS INCLUDE: USING FEWER
MATERIALS PER UNIT OF PRODUCT; MAKING PRODUCTS LAST LONGER; MAKING GREATER
USE OF REUSABLE RATHER THAN DISPOSABLE PRODUCTS; AND DIRECTLY REDUCING THE
DEMAND FOR MATERIAL GOODS. RESOURCE RECOVERY INVOLVES BOTH RECYCLING USED
PRODUCTS AND RECOVERING PRODUCTION WASTES FOR REUSE. THE POTENTIAL ENERGY
IMPLICATIONS OF USING EITHER OR BOTH OF THESE METHODS TO COMBAT THE
EVER-INCREASING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE PROBLEM ARE DISCUSSED. BARRIERS TO
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THESE METHODS ARE REVIEWED. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF
THE RECENTLY ENACTED RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT OF 1976 ARE
PRESENTED. (17 REFERENCES)
0110247 77-023276
ART OF TURNING WASTE INTO USEFUL FUEL GAINS IN POPULARITY
RAPIDLY,
GALLESE LIZ ROMAN
WALL STREET J, AUG 4, 77, PI
NEWS FEATURE RESOURCE RECOVERY-THE ART OF TRANSFORMING SOLID WASTE INTO
VALUABLE FUEL-IS GAINING POPULARITY RAPIDLY. SOME COMPANIES, SUCH AS
WHEELABRATOR-FRYE, UOP, INC., AND GRUMMAN CORP., HAVE LICENSED DEVELOPED
FOREIGN TECHNOLOGIES THAT INVOLVE INCINERATION AND PRODUCE STEAM FOR
ELECTRICITY, HEAT, OR COOLING. OTHERS, INCLUDING THE AMERICAN CAN CO.,
RAYTHEON CO., COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT ASSOC., AND OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORP.,
ARE EXPERIMENTING WITH NEWER, MORE COMPLEX SYSTEMS. INTEREST IN SUCH PLANTS
IS BEING SPURRRED BY RAPIDLY RISING COSTS FOR LANDFILL SPACE AND FOR
ENERGY, BUT PROBLEMS ARE FORMIDABLE.
[EGY]
0104737 76-022480
ENERGY FROM REFUSE BY BYCONVERSION, FERMENTATION, AND RESIDUE DISPOSAL
PROCESSES,
PFEFFER, JOHN T. ; LIEBMAN JON C.
UNIV OF ILLINOIS,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, APR 76, VI, N3, P295 (19)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT THE RATE AND QUANTITY OF METHANE PRODUCTION BY
ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION AT VARIOUS OPERATING TEMPERATURES ARE DETERMINED.
SPENT FERMENTATION SOLIDS CAN BE DEWATERED TO A SUFFICIENTLY LOW MOISTURE
CONTENT SUCH THAT INCINERATION IS SELF-SUSTAINING. THE INCINERATION SYSTEM
IS EVALUATED TO DETERMINE THE POSSIBLE ENERGY RECOVERY FROM THE SPENT CAKE,
AND A PROCESS FOR TREATING THE LIQUID SLOWDOWN FROM THE SYSTEM IS
DEVELOPED. A MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF THE TOTAL SYSTEM IS CONSTRUCTED. A
PLANT PROCESSING 908 METRIC TON/DAY OF REFUSE WILL PRODUCE 3905 CU M/HR OF
METHANE. IF THE METHANE IS MARKETED FOR $3.50/100 CU M, THE SYSTEM WILL
REQUIRE A DUMP FEE FOR REFUSE DISPOSAL IN EXCESS OF $5.34/METRIC TON. SALE
OF RECOVERED STEAM FROM THE INCINERATION OF SPENT CAKE CAN REDUCE THE DUMP
FEE BY ABOUT $3. RECOVERY OF JUST METHANE PROVIDES AN EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY
RECOVERY OF 32.6%, WHICH CAN BE INCREASED TO 63.4% IF THE STEAM FROM THE
INCINERATOR CAN BE SOLD. (1 DIAGRAM, 5 GRAPHS, 13 TABLES)
[EGY]
0105494 76-023218
THE NORTH SHORE REFUSE ENERGY SYSTEM,
MACADAM W. K.
WHEELABRATOR-FRYE, NH,
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS, MAY 76, V72, N5, P79 (4)
TECHNICAL FEATURE A STEAM GENERATING PLANT THAT RECOVERS ENERGY AND
MATERIALS FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN SAUGUS, MASS., IS DESIGNED TO
DISPOSE OF AN AVERAGE 1200 TON/DAY OF REFUSE COLLECTED FROM 16 COMMUNITIES.
ENERGY WILL BE PROVIDED TO A NEARBY INDUSTRIAL PLANT FOR ELECTRIC POWER
GENERATION, HEATING, AND PLANT PROCESSING. THE $35 MILLION PROJECT IS
EXPECTED TO SAVE 17 MILLION GAL/YR OF OIL. (3 DIAGRAMS, 1 DRAWING, 1 PHOTO)
[EGY]
0107056 77-020208
RESOURCE RECOVERY PLANT IMPLEMENTATION: TECHNOLOGIES,
LEVY STEVEN J. ; RIGO H. GREGOR
(EPA), AND; (SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY CO, OHIO),
EPA REPORT SW-157.2, 1976 (84)
SPECIAL REPORT THE RECENT EMERGENCE OF TECHNIQUES FOR CONVERTING MIXED
MUNICIPAL WASTE INTO MARKETABLE PRODUCTS HAS GIVEN MUNICIPAL AND REGIONAL
OFFICIALS VARIOUS NEW OPTIONS FOR SOLVING THEIR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PROBLEMS. MANY OF THESE NEW PROCESSES ARE QUICKLY BECOMING COMPETITIVE WITH
SANITARY LANDFILL METHODS. SOME EXAMPLES OF ENERGY RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES
INCLUDE: WATERWALL COMBUSTION SYSTEMS, SOLID-DERIVED FUEL SYSTEMS,
PYROLYSIS SYSTEMS, BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION SYSTEMS, AND WASTE-FIRED GAS
TURBINES. PROCESS DESCRIPTION, PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS, STATUS OF
DEVELOPMENT, AND ENERGY BALANCE ARE OUTLINED FOR EACH TECHNIQUE. COMBUSTION
OF SOLID WASTE ON MECHANICAL GRATES IN WATERWALL FURNACES TO RECOVER STEAM
IS THE MOST THOROUGHLY PROVED OF THE ABOVE RESOURCE RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES.
(22 DIAGRAMS, 5 TABLES)
[EGY]
-------
0104736 76-022479
AN EVALUATION OF METHANE PRODUCTION FROM SOLID WASTE,
KISPERT, R. G. ; SADEK S. E.; WISE D. L.
DYNATECH CORP, MASS,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, APR 76, VI, N3, P245 (11)
SURVEY REPORT A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF A PROCESS TO
CONVERT MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TO METHANE IS CONDUCTED BASED ON A CONCEPTUAL
DESIGN FOR A 907 METRIC TON/DAY FACILITY. THE PROCESS DESIGN IS TECHNICALLY
WITHIN THE STATE OF THE ART, ALTHOUGH ECONOMICALLY ACCEPTABLE OPERATING
PARAMETERS ARE AT THE UPPER LIMIT OF TODAY'S CAPABILITIES. CALCULATED
BASELINE GAS COST OF $0.74 CU M IS ECONOMICALLY ACCEPTABLE WHEN COMPARED
WITH COSTS OF SYNTHETIC GAS OR ALTERNATIVE FUELS. PRIORITIES ARE
ESTABLISHED TO DEMONSTRATE THE PROCESS'S COMMERCIAL FEASIBILITY. (1
DIAGRAM, 2 MAPS, 22 REFERENCES, 2 TABLES)
[EGY]
0110160 77-023189
MUNICIPAL REFUSE-AN ALTERNATE ENERGY RESOURCE IN POWER PLANTS,
CHO PAUL ; CHAMBERS JAMES H.
(FEA, CHICAGO), AND; (EPA, CHICAGO),
PRESENTED AT AICHE/APCA ENERGY & THE ENV 4TH NATL CONF, CINCINNATI, OCT
3-7, 76, P204 (8)
SURVEY REPORT A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IN ST. LOUIS HAS PROVIDED THE MOST
CONVINCING EVIDENCE TO DATE OF THE TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY OF CO-FIRING
COMBUSTIBLE WASTE AND COAL. GASEOUS EMISSIONS ARE NOT SIGNIFICANTLY
AFFECTED BY THE COMBINED FIRING. OTHER MAJOR FACILITIES ARE SCHEDULED FOR
OPERATION IN MILWAUKEE AND CHICAGO. THE TWO PROJECTS AND A WASTE RECOVERY
FACILITY IN AMES, IOWA, THAT HAS ADDED SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF
RESOURCE RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY, ARE DESCRIBED. ENERGY RECOVERY THROUGH
MUNICIPAL REFUSE SYSTEMS IN MONTROE COUNTY, N.Y., AND BRIDGEPORT, CONN.,
AND GENERAL PYROLYSIS EFFORTS ARE MENTIONED. BY 1983, ABOUT 4.2 MILLION.
TON/YR OF REFUSE WILL BE BURNED IN POWER PLANTS AS SUPPLEMENTAL FUEL, THUS
SAVING AT LEAST 2.1 MILLION TON/YR OF COAL. (1 DIAGRAM)
[EGY]
0107841 77-020969
A REVIEW OF ENERGY RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES,
LEVY, STEVEN J. ; LINGLE STEPHEN A.
WASTE AGE, NOV 76, V7, Nil, P26 (4)
SURVEY REPORT WATERWALL COMBUSTION SYSTEMS, REFUSE DERIVED SOLID FUEL
SYSTEMS, PYROLYSIS SYSTEMS, AND BIOCONVERSION SYSTEMS ARE EVALUATED AS
ENERGY RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES. MOST RESOURCE RECOVERY TECHNIQUES ARE STILL
IN AN EARLY STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT AND ARE, THUS, OFTEN UNRELIABLE AS WORKING
RECOVERY SYSTEMS. IN ADDITION, THE TECHNOLOGIES TEND TO BE COMPLEX AND TO
REQUIRE HIGHLY COMPTETENT DESIGN, ENGINEERING, AND OPERATION. A CITY MUST,
THEREFORE, CAREFULLY EXAMINE THE COMPETENCE OF PROSPECTIVE DESIGNERS.
HOWEVER, IF UNCERTAINTIES ABOUT A PARTICULAR TECHNOLOGY ARE WELL-EVALUATED
BEFOREHAND, ADOPTING AN ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM CAN BE A PROFITABLE VENTURE.
(2 PHOTOS, 2 TABLES)
[EGY]
-------
0127636 *78-002609
1'CO-DISPOSAL1• FOR SOLID WASTES AND SEWAGE SLUDGE,
SUSSMAN DAVID
EPA RESOURCE RECOVERY DIV,
WASTE AGE, JUL 77, V8, N7, P44 (3)
TECHNICAL FEATURE ''CODISPOSAL1' IS A THERMAL PROCESS THAT CAN COMBINE
TWO DISPOSAL PROBLEMS AND PRODUCE ENERGY AT THE SAME TIME. ENERGY PRODUCED
FROM THE COMBUSTION OF SOLID WASTES IS USED TO DEWATER WASTEWATER TREATMENT
PLANT SLUDGE TO THE POINT AT WHICH THE SLUDGE CAN BURN WITHOUT AUXILIARY
FUEL. TWO APPROACHES TO CODISPOSAL ARE DISCUSSED: SLUDGE INCINERATION, AND
THE USE OF A SOLID WASTE INCINERATOR AS THE VOLUME REDUCTION UNIT. OTHER
CODISPOSAL TECHNIQUES IN CONNECTICUT, NEW YORK, FRANCE, AND W. GERMANY ARE
MENTIONED. ALTHOUGH MORE RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION ARE NEEDED, THE TREND
TOWARD INTEGRATED WASTE FACILITIES SHOULD INCREASE BECAUSE OF THE PROBABLE
ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES OF A COMBINED TECHNIQUE AND NEW FUEL AND ENERGY
SOURCES.
0126896 78-001964
SATELLITE PROCESSING FACILITIES: A NEW SOLID WASTE PLANNING
CONCEPT,
BROWN DAVID S.
FLAHERTY GIAVARA ASSOC, CONN,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & ENERGY REVIEW, FALL 77, V4, N4, P20 (2)
FEATURE ARTICLE A NEW, REGIONAL AND STATEWIDE SOLID WASTE PLANNING
CONCEPT WAS DEVELOPED DURING A 10 CITY REGIONAL STUDY PERFORMED FOR THE
CONNECTICUT DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. THE IDEA FOCUSES ON
CONSTRUCTION OF SATELLITE PROCESSING AND RECOVERY FACILITIES. A.
MULTI-REGION ENERGY RECOVERY FACILITY WOULD SERVE AREA TOWNS. ADJACENT
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AREAS WOULD HAVE THEIR OWN FRONT-END PROCESSING
FACILITY, WHICH WOULD ONLY TRANSPORT LIGHT FRACTIONS. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
ARE DISCUSSED. (2 DIAGRAMS, 1 TABLE)
[ENV]
0107085 77-020237
ENERGY FROM SOLID WASTE: THE PROMISE, THE POTENTIAL,
DOUCET LAWRENCE G.
SYSKA & HENNESSY, NY,
SPECIFYING ENGINEER, DEC 76, V36, N6, P110 (8)
-------
TECHNICAL FEATURE ABOUT 250 MILLION TONS OF THE 4.3 BILLION TONS OF
SOLID WASTE GENERATED ANNUALLY IN THE U.S. IS MUNICIPAL REFUSE. TECHNOLOGY
IS NOW AVAILABLE FOR CONVERTING THIS WASTE TO CLEAN BURNING, STORABLE, AND
TRANSPORTABLE LIQUID, SOLID, AND GASEOUS FUELS. IT CAN ALSO BE BURNED TO
PRODUCE STEAM FOR HEATING OR GENERATING ELECTRICITY. ELECTRIC UTILITIES
OPERATING STEAM-ELECTRIC PLANTS FIRED BY FOSSIL FUELS ARE THE MOST
PROMISING MARKET FOR SOLID WASTE FUELS AS THEY USE LARGE QUANTITIES OF FUEL
AND ARE OFTEN LOCATED NEAR AN URBAN AREA WHERE LARGE AMOUNTS OF SOLID WASTE
ARE GENERATED. THEORETICALLY, IF ALL U.S. MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE WERE
CONVERTED INTO ENERGY, ABOUT 2.5 QUADRILLION BTU/YR WOULD BE GENERATED; THE
EQUIVALENT TO OVER 1 MILLION BPD OF LOW SULFUR OIL. PROCESSING WASTE FOR
ENERGY, SUCH CHEMICAL/BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AS ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, AND
DIFFERENT USES FOR THE ENERGY ARE DISCUSSED. (4 DIAGRAMS, 2 TABLES)
[EGY]
0107065 77-020217
AN ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE .OF ENERGY IN SOLID WASTE UTILIZATION AND
DISPOSAL,
JONES, WALTER H. ; NORTH PAUL; NOVOSAD ROBERT
UNIV OF WEST FLORIDA,
PRESENTED AT IES ENV TECHNOLOGY CONF, PHILADELPHIA, APR 26-28, 76, P509
(7)
TECHNICAL REPORT COMBUSTION OF SOLID WASTE MATERIALS TO PRODUCE ENERGY
COULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE U.S. ENERGY SUPPLY, AND IN ADDITION AID IN SOLVING
THE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEM. THE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF FLORIDA'S SOLID
WASTES ACCORDING TO ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL AND UTILIZATION POLICIES IS
EXAMINED. A FEW PROMISING COMBUSTION PROCESSES ARE IDENTIFIED, AND WHEN AND
WHERE ENERGY RECOVERY ARE PRACTICAL IN FLORIDA ARE DISCUSSED. ECONOMICS OF
WASTE COMBUSTION ARE CONSIDERED. FLORIDA'S SOLID WASTES ENERGY POTENTIAL IS
LARGE ENOUGH TO FAVOR COMBUSTION OVER OTHER WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS.
SPECIFIC PROCESSES MUST BE SELECTED ON A REGIONAL BASIS. (2 DIAGRAMS, 1
GRAPH, 2 REFERENCES, 3 TABLES)
[EGY]
0105523 76-023247
FLASH PYROLYSIS TURNS REFUSE INTO FUEL,
MALLAN GEORGE M.
OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH CORP,
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, JUL 19, 76, V83, N15, P90 (2)
-------
TECHNICAL FEATURE AN OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORP. DEMONSTRATION PLANT IN
EL CAJON, CALIF., WILL BEGIN CONVERTING 200 TON/DAY OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE
INTO 7200-9600 GPD OF FUEL OIL. FERROUS METALS, ALUMINUM, AND GLASS WILL
ALSO BE RECOVERED. WHEN FULLY OPERATIONAL, THE FACILITY WILL BE TURNED OVER
TO SAN DIEGO COUNTY, WHICH IS INVESTING $2 MILLION IN THE PROJECT COST. EPA
IS PROVIDING $4.2 MILLION AND THE OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORP. IS PROVIDING
$8.5 MILLION. (1 GRAPH)
[EGY]
0116454 *76-007495
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND FLASH PYROLYSIS OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE,
PRESTON G. T.
OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH CORP, CALIF,
WASTE AGE, MAY 76, V7, N5, P83 (10)
TECHNICAL FEATURE IN 1968, THE OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH CORP., CALIF.,
INITIATED A PROGRAM TO RECOVER VALUABLE METALS AND GLASS FROM MUNICIPAL
REFUSE AND TO CONVERT THE ORGANIC PORTION TO A USABLE FUEL OIL. RECOVERED
PRODUCTS USED WERE OF SUCH HIGH QUALITY THAT THEY COULD BE RECYCLED TO THE
ECONOMY DIRECTLY AS A SUBSTITUTE RAW MATERIAL WITH MINIMAL ADDITIONAL
PROCESSING. THE OCCIDENTAL RESOURCE *XL RECOVERY SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO BE A
LOW POLLUTION, LOW NET COST TECHNIQUE FOR DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE AND
RECOVERY OF ITS VALUABLE ENERGY AND MINERAL CONSTITUENTS. THE FLASH
PYROLYSIS PROCESS CONVERTS THE ORGANIC PORTION OF THE REFUSE INTO ABOUT 1
BBL OF LOW SULFUR LIQUID FUEL FROM EACH TON OF RAW REFUSE. CLEAN GLASS AND
ALUMINUM-RICH NONFERROUS . FRACTION ARE RECOVERED AS READILY MARKETABLE
COMMODITIES. THE COMPLETE PROCES.S WILL BE DEMONSTRATED AT A 200 TON/DAY
PLANT BEING CONSTRUCTED IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIF. ESTIMATED COSTS ARE
SUMMARIZED. (5 DIAGRAMS, 1 GRAPH, 7 TABLES)
[ENV]
0110161 77-023190
CONVERSION OF WASTE ORGANIC MATERIAL TO GASOLINE,
KUESTER JAMES L.
ARIZONA STATE UNIV,
PRESENTED AT AICHE/APCA ENERGY & THE ENV 4TH NATL CONF, CINCINNATI, OCT
3-7, 76, P212 (7)
TECHNICAL REPORT AT LEAST 27 CITIES OR COUNTIES HAVE MAJOR SYSTEMS FOR
RESOURCE RECOVERY IN VARIOUS STAGES OF PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT. ECONOMICS
IS TIED TO THE RECOVERY OF THE ORGANIC PORTION OF THE SOLID WASTE.
PRODUCTION OF HIGH OCTANE GASOLINE FROM ORGANIC WASTES IS AN ALTERNATIVE
USING CARBON MONOXIDE, HYDROGEN, AND OLEFINS FROM PYROLYSIS GAS. PROGRESS
ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BASIC CHEMICAL CONVERSION SCHEME IS REPORTED. THE
CONCEPT APPEARS FEASIBLE TECHNICALLY. IMPLEMENTATION DEPENDS ON REFINEMENTS
IN PROCESS PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY. (3 DIAGRAMS, 1 GRAPH, 1 PHOTO, 4
TABLES)
[EGY]
-------
.03938 76-021711
iSTE MATERIALS,
GOLUEKE, CLARENCE G. ; MCGAUHEY P.H.
UNIV OF CALIFORNIA,
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY, 1976, VI, P257 (21)
SURVEY REPORT THE LITERATURE ON WASTE MATERIALS, THEIR
ISPOSAL, AND POSSIBLE UTILIZATION FOR OTHER PURPOSES IS
ISCUSSED. THE POTENTIAL ENERGY IN SOLID WASTE MATERIALS AND THE
ECHNOLOGY OF ENERGY CONVERSIN SYSTEMS ARE CONSIDERED.
ECOVERING ENERGY FROM WASTE MATERIALS IS USUALLY ONE ASPECT OF A
OMPLETE RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM. TECHNOLOGIES DISCUSSED
NCLUDE: THERMAL PROCESSES; BIOLOGICAL FERMENTATION SYSTEMS; AND
OLAR ENERGY CONVERSION METHODS. (65 REFERENCES, 4 TABLES)
EGY]
)103175 76-021011
SVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS,
BAILIE, R.C. ; DONER D.M.
WEST VIRGINIA UNIV,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, OCT 75, VI, N2, P177 (11)
TECHNICAL REPORT THE ENERGY RECOVERY POTENTIAL OF A RESOURCE RECOVERY
SYSTEM IS OFTEN REPRESENTED BY A SINGLE NUMERICAL VALUE DESCRIBED AS AN
ENERGY EFFICIENCY. VARIOUS NUMERICAL VALUES OF EFFICIENCY CAN BE PROVIDED
FOR IN THE SAME CONVERSION PROCESS. TO OVERCOME SUCH AMBIGUITY AND TO
PROVIDE A TECHNIQUE FOR COMPARING SYSTEMS, A METHOD IS DEVELOPED TO
EVALUATE THE EFFICIENCY OF RECOVERY PROCESSES. THE METHOD PROVIDES A SINGLE
VALUE FOR EACH CONVERSION SYSTEM, BUT IS APPLICABLE ONLY AS LONG AS THE
CONVERSION PROCESSES BEING COMPARED PRODUCE THE SAME ENERGY PRODUCTS. (4
DIAGRAMS, 3 TABLES)
[EGY]
-------
0103153 76-020989
CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF WASTE CONVERSION TO ENERGY,
' GORGES, H. A. ; THOMAS A. D.
TRACOR JITCO,
PRESENTED AT IES ENERGY AND ENV CONF, ANAHEIM, APR 14-16, 75, VI, P229
(6)
TECHNICAL FEATURE A METHOD IS PROPOSED TO ASSIST SOLID WASTE MANAGERS IN
MEETING PRIME OBJECTIVES OF WASTE REDUCTION, RESOURCE RECOVERY, AND
PROFITABILITY. THE METHOD SYNTHESIS INDUSTRIAL AND PROCESS ENGINEERING
TECHNIQUES. THE ABILITY OF THE BREAK-EVEN METHOD TO EVALUATE FINANCIAL
PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED SOLID WASTE ENERGY PROCESSES IN A GIVEN ENVIRONMENT
IS TESTED. (4 DIAGRAMS, 4 GRAPHS)
[EGY]
0116454 *76-007495
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND FLASH PYROLYSIS OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE,
PRESTON G. T.
OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH CORP, CALIF,
WASTE AGE, MAY 76, V7, N5, P83 (10)
TECHNICAL FEATURE IN 1968, THE OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH CORP., CALIF.,
INITIATED A PROGRAM TO RECOVER VALUABLE METALS AND GLASS FROM MUNICIPAL
REFUSE AND TO CONVERT THE ORGANIC PORTION TO A USABLE FUEL OIL. RECOVERED
PRODUCTS USED WERE OF SUCH HIGH QUALITY THAT THEY COULD BE RECYCLED TO THE
ECONOMY DIRECTLY AS A SUBSTITUTE RAW MATERIAL WITH MINIMAL ADDITIONAL
PROCESSING. THE OCCIDENTAL RESOURCE *XL RECOVERY SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO BE A
LOW POLLUTION, LOW NET COST TECHNIQUE FOR DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE AND
RECOVERY OF ITS VALUABLE ENERGY AND MINERAL CONSTITUENTS. THE FLASH
PYROLYSIS PROCESS CONVERTS THE ORGANIC PORTION OF THE REFUSE INTO ABOUT 1
BBL OF LOW SULFUR LIQUID FUEL FROM EACH TON OF RAW REFUSE. CLEAN GLASS AND
ALUMINUM-RICH NONFERROUS FRACTION ARE RECOVERED AS READILY MARKETABLE
COMMODITIES. THE COMPLETE PROCESS WILL BE DEMONSTRATED AT A 200 TON/DAY
PLANT BEING CONSTRUCTED IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIF. ESTIMATED COSTS ARE
SUMMARIZED. (5 DIAGRAMS, 1 GRAPH, 7 TABLES)
[ENV]
0102008 75-007621
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND METHOD OF COMPARING
REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS,
SHENG HENRY P. ; ALTER HARVEY
(YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIV), AND; (NATL CENTER FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY, WASH
DC),
RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, MAY 75, VI, Nl, P85 (9)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT A PLANT PROCESSING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TO SEPARATE
MAGNETIC METALS, ALUMINUM, OTHER NONFERROUS METALS, GLASS, AND A FUEL
'FRACTION CONSISTING OF MOST OF THE ORGANIC MATERIAL CAN PRODUCE FROM ABOUT
FOUR TO 13 TIMES MORE ELECTRICAL ENERGY THAN IT CONSUMES. THE FUEL'S VALUE
WILL DEPEND ON ITS MOISTURE AND ASH CONTENTS. THE EFFECT OF THE TWO
PROPERTIES ON DECREASING THE AVAILABLE ENERGY IN THE FUEL IS EXAMINED. THE
FRACTION OF FUEL NEEDED TO DRY THE REMAINDER IS CALCULATED FOR DIFFERENT
VALUES OF THE HEAT OF COMBUSTION AND EFFICIENCY OF DRYING. (4 GRAPHS, 15
REFERENCES, 2 TABLES)
[EGY]
0101507 75-006031
STEAM GENERATION FROM REFUSE, AND PROCESS AND MANUFACTURING
WASTES,
SCHWIEGER ROBERT G.
POWER, FEB 75, V119, N2, P21 (24)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE STATE OF THE ART OF BURNING WASTE GASES, LIQUIDS,
AND SOLIDS IS REVIEWED. EQUIPMENT AND METHODS FOR PREPARING REFUSE FUELS
AND FOR RECOVERING USEFUL MATERIALS FROM SOLID WASTE ARE SURVEYED.
EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS USED TODAY FOR ENERGY RECOVERY AT UTILITY AND
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS ARE DESCRIBED, AND PYROLYSIS AND OTHER ADVANCED METHODS
FOR ENERGY RECOVERY ARE DISCUSSED. INFORMATION IS INCLUDED THAT CAN SERVE
AS A GUIDE FOR ENGINEERS INVESTIGATING THE METHODS FOR BURNING WASTES AND
REFUSE AS FUELS IN NEW AND EXISTING BOILERS IN INDUSTRIAL PLANTS AND
ELECTRIC UTILITIES. (NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS AND PHOTOS)
0100995 *75-004033
THE PLACE OF INCINERATION IN RESOURCE RECOVERY OF SOLID WASTE,
FERNANDES, J. H. ; SHENK R. C.
COMBUSTION ENGINEERING
COMBUSTION, OCT 74, V46, N4, P30 (9)
TECHNICAL FEATURE PRODUCTION OF FUEL FOR BURNING IN AN EXISTING BOILER
OR INCINERATION WITH STEAM GENERATION CAN BE THE BACKBONE OF A RESOURCE
RECOVERY SYSTEM. INTRODUCTION OF SOLID WASTE FUEL RECOVERY SYSTEMS TO
SUPPLY A REPLACEMENT FUEL IS' DESIRABLE FROM AN ECONOMIC AND UNIT
AVAILABILITY STANDPOINT. FUEL RECOVERY AND REFUSE RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS
ARE DESCRIBED. (4 DIAGRAMS, 1 PHOTO, 1 TABLE)
[EGY]
-------
0100436 *75-001640
PERPETUAL METHANE RECOVERY SYSTEM,
" ZALTMAN, RAUL ; DONER DAVID; BAILIE R.C.
WEST VIRGINIA UNIV,
COMPOST SCIENCE, SUMMER 74, V15, N3, P14 (5)
TECHNICAL FEATURE A PERPETUAL METHANE RECOVERY SYSTEM IS OUTLINED. THE
SYSTEM PROPOSES TO GROW CONVENTIONAL FARM OR FOREST CROPS ON WASTE LANDS
AND UNPRODUCTIVE AREAS MADE FERTILE THROUGH APPLICATION OF SOIL
CONDITIONERS DERIVED FROM WASTE MATERIALS. IF ONLY ENERGY CROPS, AND NOT
CROPS FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION, ARE USED, THEN SEWAGE SLUDGE CAN BE APPLIED
WITHOUT ANY PUBLIC HEALTH DANGER. THE ECONOMICS OF METHANE PRODUCTION ARE
ANALYZED. (3 DIAGRAMS, 2 GRAPHS, 30 REFERENCES, 4 TABLES)
[EGY
0103963 76-021736
ENERGY RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTE USING THE UNION CARBIDE PUROX
SYSTEM,
DONEGAN T. A.
UNION CARBIDE CORP, NY,
PRESENTED AT AICHE 3RD ENERGY & ENV CONF, OHIO, SEP 29-OCT 1, 75, P118
(6)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE INADEQUACY OF CONVENTIONAL REFUSE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
TO HANDLE GROWING WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS CREATES A NEED FOR AN ADVANCED
DISPOSAL SYSTEM THAT IS: ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND, ECONOMICALLY ATTRACTIVE,
CAPABLE OF REALISTIC RESOURCE RECOVERY, AND SUITABLE FOR LONG-TERM
OPERATION. THE UNION CARBIDE PUROX.SYSTEM UTILIZES OXYGEN, RATHER THAN AIR,
FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE INCINERATION AND PYROLYSIS OF ALL TYPES OF FUEL, WITH
A COMPACT, STERILE, SOLID RESIDUE AND A VALUABLE FUEL GAS AS THE ONLY
PRODUCTS. THE PUROX SYSTEM IS DESCRIBED, OPERATION IS DETAILED, AND
ECONOMICS ARE REVIEWED. THE KEY REQUIREMENT IS AN ECONOMICAL OXYGEN GAS
SUPPLY. (3 DIAGRAMS, 1 PHOTO)
[EGY]
-------
0101677 *75-001664
•SEPARATING PAPER AT THE WASTE SOURCE FOR RECYCLING,
LINGLE STEPHEN
EPA REPORT SW-128, 1974 (16)
SPECIAL REPORT TECHNIQUES FOR SOURCE SEPARATION OF PAPER
ENVIRONMENTAL, ENERGY, AND CONSERVATION ISSUES ARE SUMMAR.
SEPARATION OF NEWSPRINT, CORRUGATED PAPER, AND OFFICE WASTEPAPE.
IN TERMS OF BACKGROUND FACTS, COLLECTION COSTS, SAVINGS,
SEPARATION AND COLLECTION, AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INCREASE;
ADVANTAGES OF PAPER RECYCLING, WHICH CALL FOR ITS CONT.
EXPANSION, INCLUDE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, REDUCED SOLID WASTE <
RESOURCE CONSERVATION. ENERGY RECOVERY VS. PAPER RECOVE]
DISCUSSED. (11 REFERENCES)
[ENV]
0124009 *77-006046
RECOVERING WASTES,
EPA J, MAR 77, V3, N3, PB (2)
SOURCE REPORT CHANGES IN PUBLIC POLICIES AND PERSONAL HABI1:
MUST BE MADE TO ACHIEVE MAXIMUM WASTE RECYCLING. ONLY ABOUT 1
MILLION TONS, OR 7.5% - ARE RECOVERED AND RECYCLED. THE REST ]
DUMPED OR, AT BEST, BURIED IN SANITARY LANDFILLS. ROUGHLY HALF (
THE WASTE TONNAGE COULD BE RECYCLED OR BURNED TO RECOVER FUI
VALUE. ABOUT ONE-FOURTH OF THE COAL COULD BE RECLAIMED IF
AMERICANS WOULD CHANGE THEIR HABITS AND SORT OUT SAVABLE WASTI
BEFORE DISCARDING THEM. MODEL WASTE DISPOSAL PROGRAMS 1
CALIFORNIA, DELAWARE, MARYLAND, MASSACHUSETTS, MISSOURI, AND Ol
ARE SURVEYED.
[ENV]
0100661 75-002458
THE FLASH PYROLYSIS OF SOLID WASTES,
FINNEY, C.S.; GARRETT D.E.
GARRETT R&D CO, CALIF,
ENERGY SOURCES, 1974, VI, N3, P295 (20)
TECHNICAL FEATURE AN INTEGRATED RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR
RECYCLING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS DESCRIBED. MAGNETIC METALS AN"
A VERY HIGH PURITY GLASS ARE RECOVERED, AND THE ORGANI
COMPONENTS ARE CONVERTED TO A GOOD QUALITY FLUID FUEL. THE HEAP
OF THE PROCESS IS A PROPRIETARY FLASH PYROLYSIS TECHNIQUE TH2
ENABLES MORE THAN 1 BBL OF LOW-SULFUR OIL TO BE OBTAINED FRO
EACH TON OR RAW, WET MUNICIPAL REFUSE. (1 DIAGRAM, 10 TABLES)
[EGY]
-------
RECYCLING
MATERIALS RECOVERY
0124035 *77-006072
MAGNETIC SEPARATION: RECOVERY OF SALEABLE IRON AND STEEL FROM MUNICIPAL
WASTE
ALTER, HARVEY ; WOODRUFF KENNETH L.
EPA REPORT EPA/53O/SW-559, MAR 77 (24)
SPECIAL REPORT MAGNETIC SEPARATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, PERHAPS THE
SIMPLEST UNIT PROCESS FOR RECOVERING MATERIALS, IS USED IN MINERALS
BENEFICIATION OF IRON ORES AND BY THE SCRAP INDUSTRY TO EXTRACT IRON AND
STEEL METAL SCRAP. MAGNETIC SEPARATION USES THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF IRON
AND STEEL TO REMOVE THESE MATERIALS FROM THE REFUSE STREAM BY A SIMPLE
MAGNET. PROPER INSTALLATION OF A MAGNETIC SEPARATOR IN MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE SHREDDING PLANTS OR IN SHREDDING AND AIR CLASSIFICATION PLANTS
ENABLES RECOVERY OF THE VALUABLE IRON AND STEEL FRACTION AS SALABLE
PRODUCTS. REVENUE FROM THESE RECOVERED MATERIALS WILL HELP OFFSET THE COST
OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL. THE TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMICS, AND OBJECTIVES OF
MAGNETIC SEPARATION ARE EXPLORED. (4 DIAGRAMS, 1 DRAWING, 2 TABLES)
[ENV]
0124015 77-006052
SOLID WASTES RECOVERS LAND FOR INDUSTRY USE,
AMERICAN CITY, APR 77, V92, N4, P46 (3)
FEATURE ARTICLE AS NEW ORLEANS' INCINERATOR COSTS SKYROCKET, THE CITY
TURNED TO A PRIVATELY OPERATED RESOURCE RECOVERY AND LANDFILL FACILITY TO
SOLVE ITS WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS. THE OPERATIONS OF RECOVERY I ARE
DISCUSSED, INCLUDING: HOW REFUSE IS DIRECTED TO SHREDDER LINES, HOW THE
RECOVERY MODULE SEPARATES LIGHT AND HEAVY OBJECTS, AND HOW CERTAIN
MATERIALS (I.E., GLASS, ALUMINUM, AND NONFERROUS METALS) ARE RECOVERED AND
MARKETED. IF RECOVERY I PROVES COST EFFECTIVE, NEW ORLEANS WILL EXPAND THE
OPERATION AND PHASE OUT OTHER SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACTIVITIES IN THE NEAR
FUTURE. GUARANTEED OUTLETS FOR ALUMINUM, FERROUS METAL, AND PAPER WILL
ENHANCE THE FACILITY'S FEASIBILITY. (2 PHOTOS, 1 TABLE)
[ENV]
-------
0125379 *78-000527
"RESOURCE RECOVERY AND CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES: A NATIONWIDE
SURVEY,
MCEWEN, L. B.
EPA REPORT SW-142, 1977 (83)
STATISTICS THE RESOURCE RECOVERY AND WASTE REDUCTION ACTIVITIES OF
VARIOUS COMMUNITIES THROUGHOUT THE U.S. ARE SUMMARIZED. WASTE REDUCTION
MEASURES ARE DESIGNED TO REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF SOLID WASTE THAT IS
GENERATED, THEREBY REDUCING COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL COSTS. WHEN WASTE
REDUCTION INCORPORATES THE REUSE OF PRODUCTS, A DECREASE IN THE USE OF
NATURAL RESOURCES AND IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION RESULTS IN LOWER LEVELS OF
MANUFACTURING RESIDUALS THAT ARE DEPOSITED TO AIR, LAND, AND WATER MEDIUMS.
RESOURCE RECOVERY IS A TECHNIQUE BY WHICH THOSE RESOURCES THAT ARE
RECYCLABLE, INCLUDING PAPER, GLASS, AND METALS, ARE FIRST SEPARATED FROM
THOSE THAT ARE UNRECYCLABLE, AND ARE THEN PREPARED FOR REUSE.
[ENV]
0125382 *78-000530
RESIDENTIAL PAPER RECOVERY: A COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM.
EPA REPORT SW 553, UNDATED (20)
SPECIAL REPORT METHODS BY WHICH THE PUBLIC CAN CONSERVE
ENERGY AND FIBER RESOURCES THROUGH THE RECYCLING OF NEWSPAPER ARE
DESCRIBED. SOURCE SEARATION - THE SEPARATION OF NEWSPRINT FROM
TRASH AND GARBAGE AT THE SOURCE SO THAT IT CAN BE OUR FOR
COLLECTION - IS ESSENTIAL. IF RECYCLING IS TO BE IMPLEMENTED,
COMMUNITY ACTION FOR SOURCE SEATATION PROGRAMS IS NEEDED. OUTLETS
TO PUBLICISE SOURCE SEPARATION EFFORTS, SUCH AS NEWSPAPERS, RADIO
STATIONS, TELEVISION STATIONS, MERCHANTS AND BUSINESS LEADERS,
AND SCHOOLS,ARE EXAMINED. PROGRAM IDEAS AND SUGGESTIONS ARE
DETAILED. (15 DRAWINGS)
[ENV]
0120216 77-002575
COAL ASH-A POTENTIAL MINERAL SOURCE,
WRIGHT, JAMES H. ; ROFFMAN HAIA K.
WESTINGHOUSE ENV SYSTEMS DEPT, PITTSBURGH,
PRESENTED AT IBS ENV TECHNOLOGY 76 CONF, PHILADELPHIA, APR 26-28, 76,
P163 (11)
TECHNICAL REPORT COAL ASH PRODUCTION AS A BY-PRODUCT OF COAL-FIRED POWER
PLANTS IN THE U.S. IS OVER 50 MILLION TON/YR, AND IS LIKELY TO INCREASE.
COAL ASH CONTAINS SUBSTANTIAL CONCENTRATIONS OF MAJOR MINERALS, INCLUDING
ALUMINUM AND IRON, AND OF TRACE QUANTITIES OF MANY OTHER ELEMENTS.
EXTRACTING THESE MINERALS FROM THE COAL ASH OFFERS A SOLUTION TO THE DUAL
PROBLEMS OF COAL ASH DISPOSAL AND MINERAL SUPPLY. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF
THE COAL ASH ARE ALSO REDUCED. THE ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF MINERAL RECOVERY
IS DISCUSSED. (3 GRAPHS, 26 REFERENCES, 14 TABLES)
[ENV]
-------
0116456 *76-007497
MARKETING AND EQUIPMENT DESIGN, MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, FERROUS METAL
RECOVERY,
GRAHAM W. OWEN
LEONARD S. WEGMEN CO, NY,
SCRAP AGE, JUN 76, V33, N6, P92 (9)
TECHNICAL FEATURE CONTINUING SALE OF RECOVERED FERROUS METAL SCRAP
DEPENDS ON A SUCCESSFUL MARKETING STUDY PERFORMED IN THE PLANNING STAGE,
PRIOR TO ENGINEERING DESIGN OF A NEW RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITY. REALISTIC
MAJOR SCRAP MARKETS AMONG METAL USERS AND SECONDARY PROCESSORS ARE
DESCRIBED, AND CONTRACTS AND FERROUS METAL SPECIFICATIONS ARE DISCUSSED.
FRONT END (BEFORE COMBUSTION) AND BACK END (AFTER COMBUSTION) SEPARATION
SYSTEMS FOR FERROUS METAL RECOVERY ARE DELINEATED, FACTORING PRIMARY AND
SECONDARY SHEDDING TECHNIQUES, MAGNETIC SEPARATION CRITERIA, EXISTING
INSTALLATIONS, COSTS, AND ECONOMICS. THE U.S. STEEL INDUSTRY PRODUCED 150
MILLION TONS IN 1973, AND CONSUMED 103 MILLION TONS OF SCRAP, INCLUDING
OBSOLETE SCRAP, PROMPT INDUSTRIAL SCRAP, AND HOME OR REVERT SCRAP. PRODUCT
QUALITY CONTROL, BLAST FURNACES, FOUNDRIES, EXPORTS, MINI-MILLS,
FERROALLOYS, THE COPPER INDUSTRY, DETINNING, LOCAL SCRAP PROCESSORS,
FERROUS SCRAP SPECIFICATION, AND MARKET PRICING STRUCTURE ARE EXAMINED. (1
GRAPH, 1 MAP, 18 REFERENCES, 8 TABLES)
[ENV]
0116458 *76-007499
ECONOMIC USE OF WASTE PAPER HELPS GRASS GROW ALONG ROADS,
BETTER ROADS, JUL 76, V46, N6, P30 (2)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE VIRGINIA DEPT. OF HIGHWAYS HAS DEVELOPED A PROCESS
BY WHICH WASTE PAPER IS USED TO HELP GRASS GROW ALONG WEST VIRGINIA ROADS.
ABOUT HALF A TON OF SCRAP PAPER IS SHREDDED INTO CONFETTI, COMBINED WITH
ABOUT 20 GAL OF A LATEX COMPOUND TO HELP IT DISPERSE MORE EVENLY IN A.
SLURRY, AND MIXED WITH WATER, SEED, AND FERTILIZER. THE RESULTANT MULCH HAS
PROVED TO BE BETTER THAN ANY OTHER EVER TESTED BY THE DEPARTMENT WHEN
SPREAD BY HYDROSEEDER ONTO ERODED SLOPES, OPEN CUTS, AND OTHER AREAS WHERE
GROUND COVER IS NEEDED. THE COST SAVINGS OF USING SHREDDED PAPER INSTEAD OF
WOOD FIBRE MULCH IS ABOUT $150/ACRE, DEPENDING ON SHREDDING AND BALING
COSTS. (1 PHOTO)
[ENV]
0124696 *77-006686
THE RESOURCE RECOVERY INDUSTRY,
EPA REPORT SW 510C, 1976 (92)
-------
SPECIAL REPORT THE RESOURCE RECOVERY INDUSTRY IS PROFILED, AND ITS
CAPACITY TO MEET PROJECTED DEMAND IS EVALUATED. LACK OF SPECIFIC MECHANISMS
FOR FINANCING PROJECTS MAY HINDER THE NECESSARY FLOW OF CAPITAL. WHILE
SEVERAL FORECASTS ESTIMATE 100 RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITIES WILL BE NEEDED
BY 1982, INDUSTRY REPRESENTATIVES CALCULATE A DEMAND OF FROM 30-65. THE
INDUSTRY CAN SUPPLY AT LEAST 200 FACILITIES BY THAT TIME. INSTITUTIONAL
CONSTRAINTS ARE SEEN AS THE LARGEST IMPEDIMENT TO THE NUMBER OF FACILITIES
THAT CAN BE BUILT. IN 1973, THE 20 LARGEST PUBLIC RESOURCE RECOVERY FIRMS
HAD REVENUES OF ABOUT $23 BILLION AND ASSETS OF $18 BILLION. AN ESTIMATED
$6-8 BILLION WILL BE NEEDED FOR CAPITAL EXPENDITURES IN THE NEXT 10 YEARS.
FINANCIAL RESOURCES APPEAR AVAILABLE IF THE INVESTMENTS CAN BE JUSTIFIED BY
AN ACCEPTABLE PROFIT LEVEL. THE RATE OF INVESTMENT WILL BE GOVERNED BY THE
WILLINGNESS OF MUNICIPALITIES TO ACQUIRE FACILITIES AND BY THE POTENTIAL
FOR PROFIT TO THOSE SUPPLYING FACILITIES. A MINIMAL 15% RETURN IN EQUITY IS
EXPECTED TO SATISFY THE PRIVATE SECTOR'S PROFIT REQUIREMENT FOR RESOURCE
RECOVERY PROJECTS.
[ENV]
0103527 76-021363
POTENTIAL ENERGY CONSERVATION FROM RECYCLING METALS IN URBAN SOLID
WASTES,
FRANKLIN, WILLIAM E. ; BENDERSKY DAVID; PARK WILLIAM R.; HUNT ROBERT G.
FRANKLIN ASSOC,
FORD FOUNDATION ENERGY POLICY PROJECT REPORT: THE ENERGY CONSERVATION
PAPERS, 1975, P171 (49)
SURVEY REPORT THE RECOVERY OF FERROUS METALS, ALUMINUM, AND COPPER-BASED
METALS FROM MIXED URBAN WASTES IS TECHNOLOGICALLY FEASIBLE, AND MECHANIZED
SYSTEMS TO RECOVER THESE METALS AND OTHER RESOURCES FROM MIXED URBAN WASTES
ARE BEING DEVELOPED. CURRENT REFUSE PRACTICES FOR SCRAP METAL (IRON AND
STEEL, ALUMINUM, AND COPPER) ARE DESCRIBED. QUALITY OF SCRAP RECOVERED FROM
URBAN WASTES AND THE ENERGY CONSERVATION POTENTIAL OF METAL RECOVERY ARE
DISCUSSED. THE COSTS AND POLICY CONSIDERATIONS FOR METAL RECOVERY ARE
EXAMINED. THE QUANTITY AND COMPOSITION OF POST-CONSUMER SOLID WASTE IN
1971, AND THE ECONOMICS OF METALS RECOVERY FROM MIXED WASTE ARE ESTIMATED.
(NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS, REFERENCES, TABLES)
[EGY]
-------
0123370 *77-005455
"A TECHNICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE WET PROCESSING
SYSTEM FOR THE RECOVERY AND DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE,
NTIS REPORT PB-245 674, 1975 (223)
SPECIAL REPORT A TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF A
WET PULPING PROCESS USED FOR THE RECOVERY AND DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE IS PRESENTED. THE DEMONSTRATION RECOVERY FACILITY CONSISTS OF THREE
MAJOR SYSTEMS: HYDRASPOSAL, FIBER RECOVERY, AND GLASS AND ALUMINUM
RECOVERY.
[ENV]
0108163 75-008006
SEMI-WET SELECTIVE PULVERIZING SYSTEM: A FEASIBILITY STUDY,
ITO, KANICHI ; HIRAYAMA YOSHIO CENTRAL RESEARCH INST, JAPAN,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, MAY 75, VI, Nl, P45 (9)
TECHNICAL REPORT A SEMI-WET SELECTIVE PULVERIZING SYSTEM FOR MUNICIPAL
REFUSE IS DESCRIBED. THE SYSTEM SHOWS A STRONG POTENTIAL FOR RECOVERING
RESOURCES FROM MUNICIPAL REFUSE: PAPER OF COMPARATIVELY HIGH QUALITY;
PLASTICS AND METALS FREE OF GARBAGE FOR FURTHER DRY PROCESSING; AND
COMPOSTABLE MATERIALS WITHOUT THE NEED FOR ADDITIONAL SEPARATION. (1
DIAGRAM, 4 PHOTOS, 5 TABLES)
[ENV]
0101681 *75-001668
THE RECYCLING AND REUSE INCENTIVES,
HUMPSTONE, CHARLES C. ; AYRES EDWARD; KEAHEY SAM G. ; SCHELL THEODORE
INTL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY CORP, WASH DC,
NTIS REPORT PB-234 602/1WP, 1974 (116)
SPECIAL REPORT A SERIES OF STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH THE DISPOSAL/RECOVERY
OF SCRAP TIRES IS DESCRIBED. THESE TIRES FORM A PARTICULARLY INTRACTABLE
FORM OF SOLID WASTE SINCE THEY DO NOT DECOMPOSE, HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON
INCINERATORS AND AIR EMISSIONS, AND DISRUPT THE COMPACTION PROCESS IN
SANITARY LANDFILLS. THE OPTIONS FOR DISPOSING OR RECOVERING USED TIRES, AND
RESEARCH INTO NEW METHODS OF TIRE RECOVERY ARE DESCRIBED. RUBBER RECLAIMED
FROM SCRAP TIRES CAN BE USED IN NEW TIRE MANUFACTURE, BUT IT LACKS THE
UNIFORMITY, TENSILE STRENGTH, HEAT RESISTANCE, AND ABRASION RESISTANCE FOR
USE IN VERY LARGE CONCENTRATIONS. PYROLYSIS, HYDROGENIZATION, AND RELATED
PROCESSES FOR SEPARATING TIRES INTO SUBSTANCES THAT MAY BE RECYCLED INTO
TIRE PRODUCTION OR SOLD AS FUEL, ALTHOUGH WORKABLE ON A LABORATORY SCALE,
HAVE NOT YET BEEN PROVEN COMMERCIALLY. THE INCORPORATION OF CHOPPED TIRES
INTO AN INTERFACE LAYER OF ASPHALT BETWEEN A DETERIORATED ROAD AND ITS NEW
SURFACING IS A PROMISING USE OF TIRES. A SERIES OF STRATEGIES WAS DEVISED
UNDER WHICH VARIOUS ECONOMIC, REGULATORY, EDUCATIONAL, AND R&D ACTIVITIES
WERE COMBINED TO PROVIDE INCENTIVES TO ENCOURAGE THE REUSE OF TIRES OR
IMPROVE TIRE DISPOSAL PRACTICES.
[ENV]
-------
SOURCE REDUCTION
692225 PB-290 126/2
Energy Conservation through Source Reduction
(Final rept.)
Reid, George W. ; Khuong, Chan Hung
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Bureau of Water and Environmental Resources
Research.
Sponsor: Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Report NO.: EPA/600/8-78/015
Nov 78 76p
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A05/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI7908
Contract No.: EPA-R-804183
This report deals with energy conservation through reduction in
generation of post-consumer solid waste. The objective, scope, methodology
and summary of the report are presented in Section 1. Section 2 contains
the conclusions. Section 3 presents a review of output and input approaches
to estimate the quantity and composition of post-consumer solid waste.
Comparative notes on the two methods are included. Section 4 contains a
compilation of estimates of energy consumed in the manufacture of discarded
materials and in handling the solid waste. Section 5 studies potentials and
possibilities of reducing refuse and estimates corresponding energy
savings. Twenty examples of opportunities to reduce refuse at government,
policy-maker, manufacturer, and consumer levels are proposed. The energy
intensiveness of materials found in the waste stream, total energy
residuals embedded in each material, and possible candidates for reduction
with greatest energy savings are also presented.
[NTIS]
0124673 77-006663
WASTE REDUCTION-ISSUES AND POLICIES,
CONN W. DAVID
UNIV OF CALIFORNIA,
RESOURCES POLICY, MAR 77, V3, Nl, P23 (16)
FEATURE ARTICLE CALIFORNIA'S INCREASING DIFFICULTY IN DISPOSING OF WASTE
RESIDUES WITHOUT DAMAGING THE ENVIRONMENT PROMPTED THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE
SOURCE REDUCTION AND PACKAGING POLICY COMMITTEE BY THE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT BOARD. ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF REDUCING SOLID WASTE GENERATION
ARE RECOMMENDED. OBJECTIVES OF WASTE REDUCTION, COSTS AND BENEFITS OF WASTE
REDUCTION MEASURES AND BASIC APPROACHES TO WASTE REDUCTION ARE EXAMINED.
OUTLINED ARE 12 OPTIONS FOR WASTE REDUCTION, INCLUDING: DIRECT REGULATION
OF INDIVIDUAL PRODUCTS, MANDATORY DISCLOSURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, AND
SUBSIDIES TO OFFSET CAPITAL COSTS OF CONVERTING FROM ONE-WAY TO REUSABLE
PRODUCTS. THE NEED FOR GOVERNMENT ACTION AND COST-EFFECTIVE POLICIES IS
DISCUSSED. (1 TABLE)
[BNV]
-------
0115826 *78-024165
WHY PRIVATE UTILITIES DON'T MAKE MORE USE OF REFUSE-DERIVED
ENERGY,
LANNUS ARVO
SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT, SEP 78, V21, N9, P68 (7)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THREE BASIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR RECOVERING ENERGY FROM
MUNICIPAL REFUSE ARE DESCRIBED: WATERWALL INCINERATION, REFUSE-DERIVED
SOLID FUEL MANUFACTURING, AND PYROLYSIS. A MAJOR BARRIER TO MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE ENERGY RECOVERY IS UNFAVORABLE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. CURRENTLY, SUCH
ENERGY RECOVERY IS ONLY FEASIBLE WHEN THE RECOVERY FACILITY RECEIVES (IN
ADDITION TO ENERGY REVENUE) RETURN FROM THE RECOVERY OF SECONDARY MATERIALS
AND SUBSTANTIAL WASTE DISPOSAL FEES. ANNUAL COSTS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
ENERGY RECOVERY PROCESSES AS OF LATE 1977 ARE SUMMARIZED. MARKETABILITY AND
PRICING OF WASTE ENERGY PRODUCTS ARE ASSESSED. POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS ARE
ESTIMATED. (1 TABLE)
[EGY]
0112697 78-021167
ARE WE READY TO CONVERT SOLID WASTE TO ENERGY-PROFITABLY?,
NICHOLS, DOUGLAS R.
RESEARCH-COTTRELL, NJ,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & ENERGY REVIEW, FALL 77, V4, N4, P8 (3)
FEATURE ARTICLE THE HEATING -VALUE OF TYPICAL FUELS DERIVED FROM
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND HEATING VALUES OF SEVERAL INDUSTRIAL WASTES ARE
TABULATED. CONVERSION PROCESSES ARE BRIEFLY DESCRIBED, INCLUDING THREE
PYROLYSIS SYSTEMS, MASS-FIRED AND SPREAD STOKER WATERFALL FURNACES, AND
REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL PLANTS. WHEN DISPOSAL AND ENERGY PROBLEMS ARE
WIDESPREAD ENOUGH, A PROFIT-MAKING BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY EXISTS FOR TAKING
WASTES FROM SEVERAL SOURCES AND SELLING BACK ENERGY OR FUEL. (1 PHOTO, 2
TABLES)
[EGY]
0126119 78-001232
RESOURCE RECOVERY FINANCING,
BALLARD CHARLES A.
DILLON, READ & CO,
J RESOURCE RECOVERY, SUMMER 77, V7, N3, P73 (8)
-------
FEATURE ARTICLE EMERGING PATTERNS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND RECOVERY
FINANCING OPTIONS ARE DISCUSSED. THE PROBLEMS THAT HAVE TO BE ADDRESSED ARE
MUNICIPAL INEXPERIENCE, LEGISLATIVE RESTRICTIONS, SYSTEM RELIABILITY,
REVENUE AND COST CONTROL, AND LONG-TERM MARKETS FOR RECOVERED PRODUCTS.
SOLUTIONS USED BY FOUR CITIES TO FINANCE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES
ARE REVIEWED. OPTIONS INCLUDE GENERAL OBLIGATION BONDS, SPECIAL REVENUE
BONDS, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT REVENUE BONDS, AND PRIVATE SECTOR FINANCING.
SOME METHODS OF SIMPLIFYING PROBLEMS TO FACILITATE FINANCING OF RECOVERY
PROJECTS ARE DISCUSSED. (5 DIAGRAMS)
[ENV]
0108283 77-021411
RECYCLING ENERGY: WORKING WITH WHAT WE'VE GOT,
PHOENIX QUARTERLY, WINTER 77, V8, N4, P2 (4)
TECHNICAL FEATURE USING FERROUS SCRAP FOR STEEL-MAKING PROVIDES 74% IN
ENERGY SAVINGS, AND REDUCES AIR POLLUTION BY 86%, WATER POLLUTION BY 76%,
VIRGIN MATERIALS BY 90%, AND MINING WASTES BY 97%. POLLUTION CONTROL COSTS
CAN BE CUT BY UP TO $4.16 METRIC TON OF STEEL WHEN FERROUS SCRAP REPLACES
IRON ORE IN THE STEEL-MAKING PROCESS. HOWEVER, NEARLY FOUR TIMES MORE IRON
ORE THAN SCRAP WERE CONSUMED IN 1975, LARGELY DUE TO ICC REGULATIONS THAT
WORK AGAINST TRANSFORMING A SOCIAL LIABILITY INTO A SOCIAL RESOURCE. WHILE
THE TECHNOLOGY TO HARNESS SOLAR AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MAY BE YEARS AWAY,
STEEL-MAKING FROM FERROUS SCRAP COULD BE USED TODAY TO CUT COSTS AND SOLID
WASTE BUILDUP SIMULTANEOUSLY. (5 PHOTOS)
0126146 *78-001259
WRAPPING UP THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: A MODEL FOR REGIONAL
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANNING,
EPA OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE REPORT SW-548, 1977 (15)
SPECIAL REPORT PRESSURES TOWARD REGIONALIZATION OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS ARE STRONG, BUT THEY GIVE RISE TO COMPLEXITY AND
POLITICAL DISAGREEMENTS. THE WASTE RESOURCES ALLOCATION PROGRAM, A COMPUTER
MODEL THAT EVALUATES ECONOMIC TRADEOFFS WITHIN THE ENTIRE PROCESSING AND
DISPOSAL SYSTEM, IS EXPLAINED. WRAP HELPS SORT OUT VARIOUS OPTIONS IN A
SPECIFIC REGION BY INDICATING A PREFERRED SOLUTION. USE OF THE MODEL IN
MASSACHUSETTS AND IN ST. LOUIS IS DESCRIBED. (6 DRAWINGS, 1 GRAPH, 3 MAPS)
[ENV]
0125348 78-000496
THE IMPACT OF SOURCE SEPARATION AND WASTE REDUCTION ON THE ECONOMICS OF
RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITIES,
SKINNER JOHN H.
EPA,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & ENERGY REVIEW, MAR-APR 77, V4, N2, P22 (5)
-------
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE IMPACT OF SOURCE SEPARATION AND WASTE REDUCTION
PROGRAMS ON THE ECONOMICS OF MIXED WASTE RECOVERY PLANTS IS EXAMINED. SUCH
PROGRAMS COULD CAUSE SIGNIFICANT REDUCTIONS IN THE QUANTITY OF RECYCLABLE
MATERIALS IN THE WASTE STREAM. PAPER RECYCLING PROGRAMS AND THEIR RESULTING
REDUCTION IN THE HEATING VALUE, ENERGY CONTENT, AND VALUE OF SOLID WASTE AS
A FUEL, AND METAL AND GLASS REDUCTION AND RECYCLING PROGRAMS AND THEIR
RESULTING DECREASE IN RECYCLED MATERIAL REVENUES FOR MIXED WASTE RECOVERY
PLANTS ARE ANALYZED. THE IMPACT OF PAPER SEPARATION PROGRAMS ON PLANT
DISPOSAL CHARGES COULD RANGE FROM A FEW CENTS PER TON TO SEVERAL DOLLARS
PER TON DEPENDING UPON THE PAPER RECOVERY RATE AND THE PLANT CAPACITY
UTILIZATION. HOWEVER, FROM EXPERIENCE, THE LIKELY INCREASE IN DISPOSAL
CHARGE FOR MOST PLANTS WOULD PROBABLY BE MUCH LESS THAN $1/TON. BEVERAGE
CONTAINER REDUCTION PROGRAMS COULD REDUCE RECOVERY PLANT NET REVENUES BY
FROM $0.50-1.50/TON DEPENDING ON TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCE AND RECOVERED
MATERIAL MARKET PRICES. (6 TABLES)
[ENV]
0124672 *77-006662
MARKET INCENTIVES FOR RECYCLING-THE TAX CREDIT AND PRODUCT CHARGE
COMPARED,
DEVINE KEVIN C.
ENV AFFAIRS, 1976, V5, N4, P669 (27)
SURVEY REPORT RECENT CONGRESSIONAL PROPOSALS IN MATERIALS RECYCLING AND
WASTE REDUCTION ARE EXPLORED. THE SERIOUSNESS OF THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEM IS
REVIEWED, AND THE SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE TAX CREDIT FOR RECYCLING AND
HOUSE COMMERCE COMMITTEE NATIONAL PRODUCT CHARGE ARE COMPARED. A PRODUCT
CHARGE, RESEMBLING AN EXCISE TAX ON CONSUMER PACKAGING AND PAPER PRODUCTS,
AND ADMINISTERED AT THE POINT OF BULK MANUFACTURE OR SALE, SHOULD BECOME AN
INTEGRAL PART OF A NATIONAL MATERIALS POLICY. PRODUCT CHARGES WILL NOT
RESOLVE ALL PROBLEMS, BUT THEY SHOULD RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT RECYCLING
INCREASES. CONGRESS MUST ALSO DETERMINE WHAT MARKET INCENTIVES, IF ANY, TO
USE TO STIMULATE THE SECONDARY MATERIALS MARKET. (198 REFERENCES)
[ENV]
0107819 77-020947
SOLID WASTE-MATERIALS AND ENERGY RECOVERY,
SEN COMM GOVT OPERATIONS 94 CON 2 REPORT 94-319, 1976 (29)
-------
SPECIAL REPORT THE PROBLEM OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, WHICH IS
ENDEMIC TO URBAN AREAS AND GROWING WORSE, IS EXPLORED. MOST COMMUNITIES
HAVE ENVIRONMENTALLY DEGRADING DISPOSAL SYSTEMS THAT USE OPEN DUMPS OR
INADEQUATE LANDFILLS. EPA AND ERDA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE
RECOVERY PROGRAMS DO NOT ADEQUATELY ASSIST STATES AND COMMUNITIES IN
SOLVING THEIR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS. HOWEVER, THE NEW TECHNOLOGY
FOR RECOVERING ENERGY FROM REFUSE IS TECHNOLOGICALLY VIABLE AND
ECONOMICALLY SOUND. RESOURCE RECOVERY IS HINDERED BY A LACK OF CLEAR
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS AND BY LEGAL, POLITICAL, FINANCIAL, AND
INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS. RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITIES CAN BE BUILT AND
FINANCED WITHOUT FEDERAL ASSISTANCE.
[EGY]
0116467 *76-007508
ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION ON PRESENT AND FUTURE TRENDS IN THE WASTE CONTROL
AGGLOMERATES,
WASTE AGE, AUG 76, V7, N8, P2 (10)
PANEL DISCUSSION PROFITS, DECENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT, AND THE THREAT OF
PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISSIONS FOR WASTE CONTROL AGGLOMERATES ARE DISCUSSED.
THE ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS OF FERROUS METAL RECOVERY ARE DEBATED.
MUNICIPAL CONTRACTS ARE VIEWED AS AN ATTRACTIVE INVESTMENT. (1 PHOTO)
[ENV]
0107041 77-020193
FROM RAGS TO RICHES: AN OVERVIEW OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY
RECOVERY,
MILLER E. L.
US LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LAB, N MEX,
NTIS REPORT LA-UR-75-1590, APR 75 (18)
SPECIAL REPORT METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND MARKET POTENTIAL OF RECYCLED
RESIDENTIAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND MUNICIPAL WASTES ARE REVIEWED. A MINIMUM OF
200-240 TON/DAY OF REFUSE IS REQUIRED TO JUSTIFY A COST-EFFECTIVE ENERGY
RECOVERY PROJECT. OVER 40 COMMUNITIES ARE CONDUCTING FEASIBILITY STUDIES,
AND, BY 1980, 30 CITIES AND COUNTIES PLAN TO HAVE 36 PLANTS IN OPERATION
PROCESSING 1000 TON/DAY, A HEAT' EQUIVALENCY OF 40,000 BPD OIL EQUIVALENT.
RECOVERY EFFICIENCIES OF INORGANIC MATERIAL THAT CAN BE RECYCLED ARE FROM
67-75% FOR SCRAP ALUMINUM, 90% FOR IRON, AND 70% FOR GLASS. IF A MAXIMUM
FEASIBLE LEVEL OF RESOURCE RECOVERY WERE ACHIEVED IN ALL MAJOR URBAN AREAS,
THE EQUIVALENT WOULD BE THE NATION'S ENTIRE RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL
LIGHTING CONSUMPTION.
[EGY]
-------
0107986 77-021114
COMMERCIALIZATION OF SYNTHETIC FUELS: ALTERNATIVE LOAN GUARANTEE AND
PRICE SUPPORT PROGRAMS,
US CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE BACKGROUND PAPER 3, JAN 16, 76 (44)
SPECIAL REPORT LOAN GUARANTEES, CONSTRUCTION GRANTS, AND PRICE SUPPORTS
FOR SYNTHETIC FUELS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED FOR DEVELOPING SYNTHETIC FUELS AS
COMMERCIAL FUEL RESOURCES. CONVERTING COAL TO OIL OR GAS, EXTRACTING OIL
FROM SHALE, AND PRODUCING OIL OR GAS FROM URBAN WASTES ARE A FEW OF THE
PROJECTS THAT WOULD BE UNDERTAKEN UNDER SUCH A PLAN. SOME DECISIONS THAT
CONGRESS MUST CONFRONT IN EVALUATING A SYNFUELS PROGRAM INCLUDE: PRESENT
SUITABILITY OF SUCH A PROGRAM; WHETHER SUCH A PROGRAM WOULD BE PREPARED BY
1985; AND WHETHER GOVERNMENTAL INCENTIVES WILL BE NEEDED TO IMPLEMENT
SYNFUELS DEVELOPMENT. (2 TABLES)
[EGY]
0106291 76-023975
URBAN AND INDUSTRY WASTES,
HUMBER NICHOLAS
EPA,
PRESENTED AT WASHINGTON CENTER FOR METROPOLITAN STUDIES CONF ON
BIOCONVERSION, WASH DC, MAR 10-12, 76, P103 (11)
SURVEY REPORT TOTAL AMOUNT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN THE U.S. WAS
APPROXIMATELY 135 MILLION TONS IN 1973. ABOUT 80% OF THIS WASTE STREAM IS
COMBUSTIBLE. THE OTHER 20% CONTAINS GLASS AND METALS. THE ENERGY POTENTAL
OF THE SOLID WASTE GENERATED IN METROPOLITAN AREAS IS ESTIMATED TO BE 150
MILLION BBL/YR OF OIL EQUIVALENT. THE NONCOMBUSTIBLE PERCENTAGE OF THE
WASTE STREAM IS IMPORTANT AS A SOURCE OF REVENUE. THE TOTAL ECONOMIC
FEASIBILITY OF A RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM WILL DEPEND ON ENERGY REVENUES,
MATERIALS REVENUES, AND DISPOSAL FEES. DEMONSTRATION RESOURCE RECOVERY
SYSTEMS SHOULD BE OPERATED FOR A TEST PERIOD TO DETERMINE DEFINITIVELY THE
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF SUCH SYSTEMS IN ACTUAL PRACTICE. (4 TABLES)
[EGY]
0104731 76-022474
THE MARKETS FOR AND THE ECONOMICS OF HEAT ENERGY FROM SOLID WASTE
INCINERATION,
WILSON, MAURICE J. ; SWINDLE, DAVID W.
I.C. THOMASSON & ASSOC, TENN,
.RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, APR 76, VI, N3, P197 (10)
-------
SURVEY REPORT THE MARKET FOR HEAT ENERGY WHEN EXTRACTED IN A
-CONVENTIONAL INCINERATION PROCESS TO PRODUCE STEAM FOR USE IN COOLING,
HEATING, OR CERTAIN PROCESS REQUIREMENTS IS EVALUATED. INVESTMENT AND
OPERATING COSTS FOR A SOLID WASTE INCINERATOR FACILITY WITH HEAT RECOVERY
APPLICABLE TO SOUTHEASTERN U.S. ARE DEVELOPED. DATA PROVIDED MAY BE USEFUL
IN ANALYZING PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPING PRELIMINARY INFORMATION FOR BUDGETING
PURPOSES. (1 GRAPH, 4 TABLES)
[EGY]
i
0101387 *75-005641
USING SOLID WASTE TO CONSERVE RESOURCES AND TO CREATE ENERGY,
EPA REPORT RED-75-326, FEE 27, 75 (75)
SPECIAL REPORT RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS PROVIDE ASSISTANCE IN ATTACKING
THE MOUNTING SOLID WASTE PROBLEM IN U.S. CITIES IN FOUR IMPORTANT WAYS:
REDUCE AIR POLLUTION; DISPOSE OF WASTE WITHOUT USING QUANTITIES OF SCARCE
LAND; GENERATE ENERGY; AND RECOVER MATERIAL RESOURCES, PARTICULARLY THE
NONRENEWABLE ONES, SUCH AS IRON AND ALUMINUM. STEPS TAKEN TOWARD RESOURCE
RECOVERY WITH FEDERAL ASSISTANCE SINCE THE PASSAGE OF THE RESOURCE RECOVERY
ACT OF 1970 ARE REVIEWED. SEVERAL MAJOR UNRESOLVED ISSUES HINDER THE
DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS, AND PROGRESS TO DATE HAS BEEN
SLOW AND COSTLY. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES FOR
ESTABLISHING RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS MUST BE EXPANDED. INFORMATION FROM
THE INVESTIGATION PRESENTED WILL BE USEFUL IN DETERMINING THE DIMENSIONS OF
FUTURE LEGISLATION CONCERNING SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, RECOVERY OF RESOURCES
FROM SOLID WASTES, CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES, AND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT. (2
DIAGRAMS, 1 DRAWING, 10 PHOTOS)
[EGY]
0102148 *75-008017
ENERGY IN SOLID WASTE-A CITIZEN GUIDE TO SAVING,
CITIZENS' ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON ENV QUALITY REPORT, UNDATED (39)
SPECIAL REPORT TOTAL MUNICIPAL WASTE COLLECTION FOR 1971 IN THE U.S. WAS
125 MILLION TONS, OR 3.2 LB/DAY PER PERSON. COSTS OF COLLECTION WILL SOAR
FROM $2.6 BILLION IN 1971 TO $3.7 BILLION IN 1980. SIGNIFICANTLY, 80% OF
THE MATERIALS ARE COMBUSTIBLE, HAVE LOW SULFUR CONTENT, AND COULD BE BURNED
AS FUEL. THE COMBUSTION AND RECYCLABLE POTENTIAL OF SOLID WASTE IS
REVIEWED. SOURCE REDUCTION, SOURCE SEPARATION, AND PROBLEMS OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN HOUSEHOLDS ARE DISCUSSED. ROLES THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
COULD PLAY TO IMPROVE THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEMS IN THE COUNTRY ARE REVIEWED.
ACTIVITIES FOR INDIVIDUAL CITIZENS AND COMMUNITIES TO IMPROVE SOLID WASTE
REUSE ARE DISCUSSED. (2 DIAGRAMS, 2 GRAPHS, 3 TABLES)
[EGY]
0102009 75-007622
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FUEL GAS PRODUCTION FROM SOLID WASTE,
KISPERT, R. G. ; SADEK S. E.; WISE D. L.
DYNATECH R&D CO, MASS,
•RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, MAY 75, VI, Nl, P95 (15)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT AN ENGINEERING ANALYSIS IS CONDUCTED TO ESTABLISH THE
ECONOMICS OF METHANE PRODUCTION BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE. A PLANT PROCESSING 907,000 KG/DAY AND SERVING A METROPOLITAN AREA OF
ABOUT 500,000 PERSONS IS SPECIFIED ON THE BASIS OF KNOWN CHARACTERISTICS OF
WASTE HANDLING, RATES OF GAS GENERATION, AND SPECIFIC EQUIPMENT COSTS.
METHANE CAN BE PRODUCED AT A BASE-LINE COST OF $0.074/CU M. THIS COST IS
ECONOMICALLY ACCEPTABLE WHEN COMPARED WITH PROJECTED COSTS OF NATURAL OR
SYNTHETIC GAS. OPERATING ENERGY REQUIREMENTS CONSUME THE EQUIVALENT OF
37.5% OF THE GAS PRODUCED. (2 DIAGRAMS, 2 GRAPHS, 2 TABLES)
[EGY]
0102030 75-007644
USING WASTE MATERIALS AS INDUSTRIAL FUEL,
FERNANDES J. H.
COMBUSTION ENGINEERING,
PLANT ENGINEERING, MAY 29, 75, V29, Nil, P59 (3)
SURVEY REPORT AS INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES HAVE GROWN AND AMOUNTS OF WASTE
MATERIAL HAVE INCREASED PROPORTIONATELY, ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR RECYCLING
WASTE MATERIALS HAVE LIKEWISE INCREASED. POLLUTION REGULATIONS AND
INCREASING COSTS AND SCARCITY OF MANY RAW MATERIALS HAVE FURTHER INCREASED
THE NEED FOR RECYCLING. ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE, FIELD-ERECTED INDUSTRIAL
BOILERS THAT CAN BURN WASTES AS FUELS WITHOUT POLLUTING THE ENVIRONMENT
HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED IN ANSWER TO THE DISPOSAL PROBLEM. INCINERATION CAN
REDUCE THE VOLUME OF REFUSE BY ABOUT 90%, AND CAN GENERATE STEAM FOR
HEATING AND PROCESS USE AT A REASONABLE COST. (2 DIAGRAMS, 1 GRAPH, 3
TABLES)
[EGY]
0103960 76-021733
USE OF MUNICIPAL WASTE FOR FUEL,
GOLAR MARTHA
COMMISSION ON CRITICAL CHOICES FOR AMERICA, WASH DC,
PRESENTED AT AICHE 3RD ENERGY & ENV CONF, OHIO, SEP 29-OCT 1, 75, P34 (6)
TECHNICAL FEATURE ENERGY RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE CAN MAKE A
SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO THE NATION'S FUTURE ENERGY MIX, AND ALSO AFFECT
POSITIVELY THE ECONOMICS OF MATERIALS RECYCLING. THE ENERGY GAIN POSSIBLE
FROM STEAM, SOLID FUEL, AND LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUEL SYSTEMS IS OUTLINED.
THE MARKET FOR ENERGY RECOVERY" SYSTEMS AND DEMAND FOR RECYCLED MATERIALS
ARE DISCUSSED. UNCERTAINTY IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR ABOUT RETURN ON
INVESTMENT, ENGINEERING AND ECONOMIC UNKNOWNS, AND MANAGEMENT SKILL
DEFICIENCIES IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ALL CONSTRAIN THE PROLIFERATION OF ENERGY
RECOVERY SYSTEMS. (24 REFERENCES)
[EGY]
0101662 *75-006444
FIRST REPORT TO CONGRESS: RESOURCE RECOVERY AND SOURCE
REDUCTION,
EPA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT REPORT, 1974 (65)
-------
SPECIAL REPORT RESOURCE RECOVERY IS INVESTIGATED AS A METHOD OF SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION. THE STUDY'S EMPHASIS IS ON THE
RECOVERY OF MATERIALS AND ENERGY FROM MIXED MUNICIPAL WASTES AND OTHER
WASTES THAT ARE DISCARDED AND ACCUMULATE OUTSIDE NORMAL WASTE COLLECTION
CHANNELS. NEARLY ALL MAJOR MATERIALS ARE RECOVERABLE TO SOME EXTENT THROUGH
RECYCLING. THE LEVEL OF RECYCLING DEPENDS ALMOST ENTIRELY ON ECONOMICS.
ALTHOUGH SUFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO EXTRACT MATERIALS AND
ENERGY FROM MIXED MUNICIPAL WASTE, FEW FULL-SCALE RECOVERY PLANTS EXIST DUE
TO THE RELATIVELY HIGH COSTS OF THESE PLANTS; RECOVERY BY TECHNOLOGICAL
MEANS IS ATTRACTIVE ONLY IN AREAS WHERE HIGH DISPOSAL COSTS PREVAIL AND
LOCAL MARKETS FOR WASTE MATERIALS EXIST. RESEARCH INDICATES THAT COMPARED
WITH VIRGIN MATERIAL EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING, RESOURCE RECOVERY RESULTS
IN LESS ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS, WATERBORNE WASTES, MINING AND SOLID WASTES,
AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION. DURING THE NEXT FEW YEARS, HOWEVER, RECYCLING
SHOULD BECOME MORE ECONOMICAL RELATIVE TO OTHER SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
OPTIONS. THE COMPLEX ISSUES OF MATERIAL UTILIZATION IN THE U.S. IN THE
CONTEXT OF TOTAL RESOURCE UTILIZATION SHOULD BE EXPLORED FURTHER. (6
DIAGRAMS, 8 GRAPHS, 40 REFERENCES, 28 TABLES)
[EGY]
0151864 *81-004731
MUNICIPAL WASTE: A RESOURCE AND A POLLUTANT,
LIEBERMAN CALVIN
INST OF SCRAP IRON & STEEL,
ENV COMMENT, MAR 81, P4 (3)
SURVEY REPORT RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS A COMPLEX
ISSUE. ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, MARKETING, AND TRANSPORT ASPECTS OF
RESOURCE RECOVERY ARE CONSIDERED. THE CONTROVERSY SURROUNDING PUBLIC
SUBSIDY OF THE RESOURCE RECOVERY INDUSTRY IS EXPLORED. PROBLEMS OF MEETING
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ARE DISCUSSED. (2 PHOTOS)
[ENV]
0124017 *77-006054
LANDFILL ALTERNATIVES MUST BE PROVEN BEFORE PROJECTS ARE
LAUNCHED,
STEFANELLI LEONARD
SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT, MAY 77, V20, N5, P58 (6)
-------
SURVEY REPORT A COMPREHENSIVE STATEWIDE SYSTEM MANDATING THAT A PORTION
OF ALL CONSUMER GOODS USE RECYCLED MATERIALS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PACKAGING PRODUCTS IS THE ONLY WAY TO IMPLEMENT A RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAM
IN CALIFORNIA. SUCH A PROGRAM WOULD BE IN MARKED CONTRAST TO OTHER
PROPOSALS FOR RECOVERY AT THE SOURCE OR FOR COMPOSTING, PROGRAMS THAT ARE
TECHNICALLY EFFECTIVE, BUT INCAPABLE OF CONFORMING TO THE ECONOMICS OF A
LARGE-SCALE PROGRAM. THE URGENCY OF A RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAM MUST BE
RECOGNIZED IF A MOUNTAIN OF OLD NEWSPAPERS IS NOT TO ENGULF CALIFORNIA
BEFORE THE EARTHQUAKE DOES.
[ENV]
0123363 77-005448
STOP FIGHTING, START CONTRACTING,
LEWIS STEPHEN G.
MITRE CO, MASS,
AMERICAN CITY, JUN 77, V92, N4, P67 (3)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE ECONOMIES OF SCALE OF A CAPITAL INTENSIVE
OPERATION, SUCH AS SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, IS A RATIONALE FOR THE
REGIONALIZATION OF THIS TYPE OF OPERATION. ALSO, LOCATING PROCESSING SITES
AND DISPOSAL AREAS IS EASIER ON A REGIONAL BASIS BECAUSE OF THE LARGER AREA
INVOLVED, AND THE GOALS OF A COMPREHENSIVE SOLID WASTE PLAN SHOULD COVER AS
MANY COMMUNITIES AS POSSIBLE. SMALL-SCALE RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS CAN BE
INSTALLED IN COMMUNITIES WITH FROM 30,000-200,000 PERSONS IF AN EXISTING
ENERGY CUSTOMER EXISTS COMPATIBLE WITH WHAT THE SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO
PRODUCE. (2 GRAPHS, 11 PHOTOS)
[ENV]
0120203 *77-002562
SOLID WASTE-MATERIALS AND ENERGY RECOVERY,
SEN COMM GOVT OPERATIONS 94 CON 2 REPORT 94-1319, 1976 (29)
SPECIAL REPORT THE PROBLEM OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL WHICH IS
ENDEMIC TO URBAN AREAS AND GROWING WORSE, IS EXPLORED. A MAJORITY OF
COMMUNITIES HAVE ENVIRONMENTALLY DEGRADING DISPOSAL SYSTEMS THAT USE OPEN
DUMPS OR INADEQUATE LANDFILLS. EPA AND ERDA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND
RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAMS NEITHER INDUCE NOR ADEQUATELY ASSIST STATES AND
COMMUNITIES TOWARD A SOLUTION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS. HOWEVER,
THE NEW METHODS FOR RECOVERING ENERGY FROM REFUSE ARE TECHNOLOGICALLY
VIABLE AND ECONOMICALLY SOUND. RESOURCE RECOVERY IS HINDERED BY A LACK OF
CLEAR ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS AND LEGAL, POLITICAL, FINANCIAL, AND
INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS. RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITIES CAN BE BUILT AND
FINANCED WITHOUT FEDERAL ASSISTANCE.
[ENV]
-------
0118691 *77-001201
SOLID WASTE, SEWAGE, AND ENERGY-A SYMBIOTIC APPROACH,
DALE J. C.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT GROUP, NEW YORK CITY,
PRESENTED AT AICHE/EPA 3RD NATL CONF ON WATER REUSE, CINCINNATI, JUN
27-30, 76, P35 (2)
SURVEY REPORT IN THE AREA OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, THERE HAS BEEN A
NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT ADVANCES IN JUST A FEW YEARS. FROM THE OLD
BURN-OR-BURY PHILOSOPHY, TECHNOLOGY HAS ARRIVED AT THE POINT WHERE RESOURCE
RECOVERY IS NOT NOT ONLY A VIABLE OPTION BUT ONE THAT IS OFTEN ECONOMICALLY
SUPERIOR. INSOFAR AS INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLIERS ARE CONCERNED, THERE ARE
MANY CORPORATIONS UTILIZING AN EXCELLENT SOURCE OF POTABLE WATER FOR
STANDARD, NONCRITICAL OPERATIONS. A HYPOTHETICAL ANYTOWN, USA, IS DESIGNED
USING VARIOUS SYMBIOTICS TO MAXIMIZE ENERGY EFFICIENCY, WATER CONSERVATION,
AND COST BENEFITS. STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGY IS ILLUSTRATED AS A POSSIBLE
MEANS FOR EFFICIENT WATER AND WASTEWATER CONTROL, AND ONLY QUESTIONS OF
LIABILITY HAVE YET TO BE SOLVED.
[ENV]
0117196 *76-008138
HEALTH ASPECT CONSIDERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH RESOURCE RECOVERY,
DIAZ, L. F. ; RILEY L.; SAVAGE G.; TREZEK G. J.
UNIV OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY,
COMPOST SCIENCE, SUMMER 76, V17, N3, P18 (7)
TECHNICAL REPORT POTENTIAL AND ACTUAL POLLUTION PROBLEMS OF A SOLID
WASTE RECYCLING SYSTEM ARE DEFINED AND QUANTIFIED. NOISE, DUST,
PARTICULATES, MICROORGANISMS, AND METAL CONTENT IN DRY PROCESSES ARE
INVESTIGATED. WATER USED IN FIBER RECOVERY IS ANALYZED FOR BOD AND COD. .
THERE ARE PUBLIC AND INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS OPERATING A RESOURCE RECOVERY
FACILITY, MAINLY IN THE FORM OF AIRBORNE DUST PARTICLES. (1 DIAGRAM, 1
GRAPH, 21 REFERENCES, 11 TABLES)
[ENV]
0109007 *76-000636
THE FEDERAL VIEW OF RESOURCE RECOVERY,
PHOENIX QUARTERLY, SPRING 75, V7, Nl, P7 (3)
INTERVIEW ARSEN DARNAY, EPA DEPUTY ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS, ESTIMATES THAT MORE THAN HALF OF URBAN WASTE
COULD BE RECOVERED AS ENERGY OR AS A SALEABLE MATERIALS STREAM. MUNICIPAL
WASTE METALS, RATHER THAN SCRAP, SHOULD DISPLACE VIRGIN MATERIALS, BUT
LOCAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS HAVE AS MUCH RIGHT AS ANYONE TO MARKET THEIR
SCRAP. FORMAL RESTRICTION OF THAT RIGHT WOULD ENCOUNTER MANY OBSTACLES. THE
SOLUTION TO VARIOUS INCENTIVE, FREIGHT RATE, AND LEGISLATIVE PROBLEMS IS TO
EXPAND TOTAL DEMAND FOR RECYCLED MATERIALS.
[ENV]
-------
0109005 *76-000634
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND RESOURCE RECOVERY, POSITION STATEMENT AND
OBSERVATIONS,
PHOENIX QUARTERLY, SPRING 75, V7, Nl, PI (3)
SURVEY REPORT WITHOUT ADDITIONAL MARKETS, THE CREATION OF INVENTORIES OF
SECONDARY METALLICS WOULD BE EXTREMELY DAMAGING TO THE OVERALL NATIONAL
RECYCLING EFFORT. THE INST. OF SCRAP IRON AND STEEL WILL OPPOSE LEGISLATION
THAT SEEKS TO FURTHER CONTROL SCRAP PROCESSORS, SCRAP MATERIALS, AND
SECONDARY MATERIALS PURCHASING SOLELY FOR THE BENEFIT OR QUASI-PUBLIC
RECYCLING CENTERS AT THE EXPENSE OF LONG ESTABLISHED, FREE-ENTERPRISE
BUSINESS. THE SCRAP INDUSTRY SHOULD NOT BE THREATENED BY GOVERNMENTAL
ACTION, CONTROL, OR COMPETITION. ALTHOUGH THE INSTITUTE SUPPORTS RECYCLING
OF ALL METALLICS, UNLESS SCRAP CONSUMERS INCREASE THEIR PERCENT OF RECYCLED
MATERIALS TO TOTAL MATERIALS CONSUMED, SCRAP GENERATED BY PUBLIC RESOURCE
RECOVERY SYSTEMS WILL EITHER BACKLOG OR DISPLACE MATERIAL NOW BEING
RECOVERED BY THE PRIVATE SECTOR.
[ENV]
0108174 *75-008017
ENERGY IN SOLID WASTE-A CITIZEN GUIDE TO SAVING,
CITIZENS' ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON ENV QUALITY REPORT, UNDATED (39)
SPECIAL REPORT TOTAL MUNICIPAL WASTE COLLECTION FOR 1971 IN THE U.S. WAS
125 MILLION TONS, OR 3.2 LB/DAY PER PERSON. COSTS OF COLLECTION WILL SOAR
FROM $2.6 BILLION IN 1971 TO $3.7 BILLION IN 1980. SIGNIFICANTLY, 80% OF
THE MATERIALS ARE COMBUSTIBLE, HAVE LOW SULFUR CONTENT, AND COULD BE BURNED
AS FUEL. THE COMBUSTION AND RECYCLABLE POTENTIAL OF SOLID WASTE IS
REVIEWED. SOURCE REDUCTION, SOURCE SEPARATION, AND PROBLEMS OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN HOUSEHOLDS ARE DISCUSSED. ROLES THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
COULD PLAY TO IMPROVE THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEMS IN THE COUNTRY ARE REVIEWED.
ACTIVITIES FOR INDIVIDUAL CITIZENS AND COMMUNITIES TO IMPROVE SOLID WASTE
REUSE ARE DISCUSSED. (2 DIAGRAMS, 2 GRAPHS, 3 TABLES)
[ENV]
0100809 *75-000810
DECISION-MAKERS GUIDE IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT,
COLONNA, ROBERT A. ; MCLAREN CYNTHIA EPA OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT,
EPA REPORT SW 127, 1974 (157)
-------
SPECIAL REPORT KEY ISSUES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ARE PRESENTED IN A
DECISION-MAKING CONTEXT. EACH CHAPTER PRESENTS A SINGLE ISSUE, DESCRIBES
ALTERNATIVES, GIVES ASSETS AND DISADVANTAGES, AND CONCLUDES WITH A SUMMARY
AND EPA RECOMMENDATIONS. THE FOUR BASIC CATEGORIES FOR DECISION-MAKING ARE:
COSTS-OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE, AND CAPITAL; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS-WATER
AND AIR POLLUTION, OTHER HEALTH FACTORS, AND AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS;
RESOURCE CONSERVATION-ENERGY, MATERIALS, AND LAND; AND INSTITUTIONAL
FACTORS-POLITICAL FEASIBILITY, LEGISLATIVE CONSTRAINTS, AND ADMINISTRATIVE
SIMPLICITY. OTHER TOPICS INCLUDE MULTIJURISDICTIONAL APPROACHES, STORAGE
CONTAINERS, COLLECTION OF BULKY ITEMS, PERSONNEL INCENTIVE SYSTEMS,
BAILING, SHREDDING, MATERIALS RECOVERY, SEWAGE SLUDGE, HAZARDOUS WASTES,
AND DUMP COVERING METHODS. (9 DIAGRAMS, NUMEROUS REFERENCES, 41 TABLES)
[ENVJ
-------
STATE PROGRAMS
0114187 *78-022592
REPLACING ONE WASTE FUEL WITH ANOTHER,
WASTE AGE, MAY 78, V9, N5, P20 (6)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE NEED FOR A COUNTY-WIDE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PLAN
IN LANE COUNTY, ORE., LED TO THE FORMATION OF A RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM
INVOLVING EIGHT LANDFILLS, 10 RURAL TRANSFER STATIONS, AND ONE MAJOR
TRANSFER STATION WITH A 500 TON/DAY REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL PLANT. THE SYSTEM
WAS FUNDED BY A BOND APPROVED BY TAXPAYERS, A STATE GRANT, AND COUNTY FUNDS
FOR RECYCLING MATERIALS. THE DISPOSAL FACILITIES AND THE PLANT ARE
DESCRIBED. THE FUEL PRODUCED WILL EVENTUALLY BE SOLD ON A REGULAR BASIS.
THE SYSTEM IS MANAGED BY A PRIVATE INDUSTRY, A SETUP THAT ALLOWS THE COUNTY
TO MAINTAIN PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY FOR DISPOSAL AND RECYCLING WHILE
ATTAINING EFFICIENT OPERATION. REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL SHOULD EVENTUALLY
REPLACE THE DIMINISHING WOOD WASTE PRESENTLY USED TO FIRE BOILERS. (12
PHOTOS)
[EGY]
0126923 *78-001991
EIGHT THOUSAND TONS A DAY OF SOMEBODY ELSE'S GARBAGE,
EASTERBROOK GREGG E.
WASTE AGE, JAN 78, V9, Nl, P22 (7)
TECHNICAL FEATURE IN 1969, NEW JERSEY'S HACKENSACK MEADOWLANDS
DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION WAS ESTABLISHED TO STIMULATE THE AREA'S ECONOMY,
RESTORE ITS ECOLOGY, AND MANAGE THE OVERWHELMING AMOUNT OF SOLID WASTES
DUMPED THERE AT A RATE OF 8000 TON/DAY. WITH THE AID OF NEW ZONING POWERS,
THE COMMISSION BLOCKED A PLANNED 1400 ACRE LANDFILL, REFUSED TO ALLOW ANY
NEW LANDFILL TO OPEN, AND REDUCED THE AREAS OF ACTIVE BURIAL FROM 2,500
DOWN TO 500 ACRES. THE COMMISSION'S MOST FAR-REACHING MOVE WAS TO DESIGN A
MASTER PLAN TO INSURE ACCEPTABLE WASTE HANDLING IN PERPETUITY. IT HAS
PROPOSED A COMBINATION OF BALERS, RESOURCE RECOVERY, AND WASTE REDUCTION
PROJECTS AIMED AT EVENTUALLY ELIMINATING CONVENTIONAL LANDFILLS. (6 PHOTOS)
[ENV]
-------
0125374 *78-000522
RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN OHIO,
OHIO EPA REPORT, NOV 76 (337)
SPECIAL REPORT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN OHIO, HANDLED UNTIL RECENTLY ON
A LOCAL BASIS, HAS BECOME AN INCREASINGLY COMPLEX PROBLEM, LEADING DECISION
MAKERS TO CONSIDER A MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE RECOVERY PROGRAM THAT WOULD BE
COORDINATED ON A REGIONAL SCALE. AN ANALYSIS OF THE AVAILABLE DATA AND
DEFINITIONS OF THE EXTENT OF THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE PROBLEM WITHIN OHIO
ARE PRESENTED. THE CURRENT STATE OF THE ART OF RESOURCE RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY
IS REVIEWED, AND A TECHNICAL, INSTITUTIONAL, FINANCIAL, AND MARKETING
FRAMEWORK FOR A STATEWIDE RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAM IS DEVELOPED. RESOURCE
RECOVERY SYSTEMS WILL NOT COMPLETELY ELIMINATE THE SOLID WASTE PROBLEM BUT
WILL FACILITATE DISPOSAL AND PROVIDE THE MANAGEMENT COMPANIES WITH A
CERTAIN PROFIT MARGIN FROM MARKETING OF THE RECOVERED MATERIALS. THE STATE
MUST TAKE A MORE ACTIVE ROLE IN THE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF SUCH A
PROGRAM IF IT IS TO SUCCEED ON A REGIONAL BASIS. (NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS,
GRAPHS, REFERENCES, TABLES)
[ENV]
0124039 77-006076
NEW YORK TOUGHENS SOLID-WASTE RULES,
FABER HAROLD
NEW YORK TIMES, AUG 28, 77, P48
NEWS REPORT THE NEW YORK STATE DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION HAS
INSTITUTED NEW, MORE STRINGENT REGULATIONS ON THE CONSTRUCTION AND
OPERATION OF LANDFILLS, INCINERATORS, AND OTHER SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
FACILITIES. MANY UPSTATE AND RURAL COMMUNITIES WERE NOTIFIED THAT THEY MUST
DECIDE ON AND PROCEED WITH CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN DISPOSAL FACILITIES OR
FACE PENALTIES FOR NONCOMPLIANCE THAT COULD INCLUDE A FINE OF UP TO
$500/DAY. ALTHOUGH THE NEW .RULES WILL MEAN ADDED EXPENSE FOR
MUNICIPALITIES, THEY ARE EXPECTED TO ACHIEVE CONSOLIDATION OF SERVICES,
WHICH WILL BE MORE EFFICIENT AND EVENTUALLY MORE ECONOMICAL.
[ENV]
0124014 *77-006051
1977 SURVEY OF RESOURCES RECOVERY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
PRACTICES,
WASTE AGE, MAR 77, V8, N3, P66 (4)
SURVEY REPORT RESOURCE RECOVERY AND ENERGY CONVERSION PRACTICES AS
REPORTED BY STATE SOLID WASTE CONTROL AGENCIES ARE LISTED. A LOSS OF 38
INCINERATORS FROM A GAIN OF 53 AS ANTICIPATED IN A 1974 SURVEY IS A NOTABLE
REVERSAL. ALMOST 80% OF 47 UNITS PROPOSED WITHIN THE NEXT TWO YEARS ARE IN
THE MIDDLE AND EASTERN U.S. ONLY A HANDFUL OF EXISTING RESOURCE RECOVERY
FACILITIES RECEIVED STATE ENDORSEMENT. EMPHASIS IS ON STATES ALLOWING LOCAL
DECISIONS. (2 TABLES)
[ENV]
-------
0118682 *77-001192
-CURRENT SOLID WASTE RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN NEW YORK STATE; CURRENT SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN PUERTO RICO,
GODDARD CHARLES N. ; ROBENA, SANTOS (ENV QUALITY BOARD, SAN JUAN),
(NEW YORK DEPT OF ENV CONSERVATION), AND
PRESENTED AT EPA/RUTGERS UNIV SYM ON GAS AND LEACHATE FOR LANDFILLS, NEW
BRUNSWICK, MAR 25-26, 75, P16 (10)
SURVEY REPORT THERE ARE CURRENTLY 22 PROPOSALS FOR DEVELOPING RESOURCE
RECOVERY SYSTEMS IN NEW YORK. RESEARCH IS PROGRESSING TOWARD THE
DEVELOPMENT OF LEACHATE INDICES, MEASURED FROM FLOW IN STREAMS. IN PUERTO
RICO, WHERE LAND DISPOSAL IS THE MOST WIDELY USED DISPOSAL METHOD, RESEARCH
CONTINUES ON ADVANCED RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS WITH THE EMPHASIS ON
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY, MARKET ANALYSIS, AND COLLECTION PLANS. A CASE STUDY
OF THE BAYAMON LANDFILL SITE INDICATES A PROGRESSIVE IMPROVEMENT OF THE
MIXED LEACHED FLUID DUE TO DILUTION AND AERATION OF THE LEACHATE ON ITS WAY
DOWNSTREAM. (1 MAP, 8 REFERENCES, 2 TABLES)
[ENV]
0117933 77-000481
LEGISLATIVE IMPACTS ON THE RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAM FOR HAWAII,
BURZELL, LINDEN A. ; HYLIN JOHN; RIMER ALAN E.; VESILIND P. AARNE
URS RESEARCH, HONOLULU,
PRESENTED AT WATER & WASTEWATER EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSN 4TH ANNUAL
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL CONF, HOUSTON, MAR 30-APR 1, 76, P10 (14)
SURVEY REPORT THE PROCESS USED BY THE TASK FORCE ON SOLID WASTE ENERGY
AND RESOURCE TECHNOLOGY IN HAWAII TO DEVELOP A RESPONSE TO THE STATE
LEGISLATURE'S REQUEST TO RECOMMEND A SUITABLE STRUCTURE FOR ACCOMPLISHING
RESOURCE RECOVERY IS DESCRIBED. AS .PART OF THE PROGRAM ESTABLISHED TO SOLVE
RECYCLING AND ENERGY RECOVERY PROBLEMS, THE STATE ADOPTED SEVERAL
POSITIONS: CREATE AN OAHU CENTER FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY; USE EXISTING LAWS
TO DEVELOP AN OVERALL APPROACH TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT; ENACT NEW
ENABLING LEGISLATION; CONDUCT A LITTER SURVEY PRIOR TO ANY RESTRICTIVE
CONTAINER LAWS; CONDUCT A STATEWIDE ANTI-LITTER CAMPAIGN AND EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAM; AND STABILIZE MARKETS FOR SECONDARY MATERIALS. THE INSULAR NATURE
OF HAWAII LENDS SPECIAL CREDENCE TO SOLUTIONS OFFERED FOR THE PROBLEMS OF
SOLID WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL. (1 DIAGRAM, 1 MAP, 1 TABLE)
[ENV]
0107410 *75-007270
A NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF RESOURCE RECOVERY ACTIVITIES,
HOPPER RICHARD E.
EPA REPORT 530-SW-142, JAN 75 (74)
-------
SPECIAL REPORT ACTIVITY REPORTS OF STATE AND LOCAL RESOURCE RECOVERY
PROJECTS IN THE U.S. INCLUDE LOCATION, EPA CONTACT, PROJECT CONTACT,
PROJECT TYPE, TONS PER DAY, CAPITAL COST, METHOD OF FINANCING, AND
CONTRACTOR. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT'S STATUS IS INCLUDED FOR
EACH ACTIVITY REPORT. RESOURCE RECOVERY PROJECTS IN 44 CITIES AND COUNTIES
AND IN 17 STATES ARE DESCRIBED.
[ENV]
0102505 *75-002473
THE STATES' ROLE IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT-A TASK FORCE REPORT,
ANDERSON, THOMAS ; ANDRES DONALD R.; BROWN JUNE; GERSHOWITZ HAROLD;
JENSEN TOM; JIHNSTON GORDON N.; MCINTOSH CHARLES P.
COUNCIL OF STATE GOVERNMENT REPORT, APR 5, 74 (58)
SPECIAL REPORT AN EFFORT TO ASSESS THE ROLES OF THE STATES, THEIR LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS, AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT REGARDING CURRENT SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IS REPORTED. PROBLEM AREAS INCLUDE: FEDERAL DIRECTIONS;
SOLID WASTE CHARACTERISTICS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS; CONCENTRATED
POPULATION; LOCAL GOVERNMENTS; AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT-OPERATIONS,
REGULATION, FINANCING SERVICES, AND STATE LEGISLATION. SOLUTION TO THE
PROBLEM OF SOLID WASTE REQUIRES A NATIONAL PROGRAM, INCLUDING A BROAD
SPECTRUM OF FEDERAL EFFORTS WITH JOINT PARTICIPATION FROM THE STATES
ORIENTED TOWARDS THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NECESSARY REGULATORY, TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE, EDUCATIONAL, AND PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH INSTITUTIONAL
COMPLEX. MORE SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STATE FUNCTIONS, FEDERAL
OBJECTIVES, AND RESOURCE RECOVERY ARE ALSO PRESENTED. (28 REFERENCES)
[ENV]
0102492 75-002460
STATE TO RECYCLE 85% OF CITIES' SOLID WASTES,
ENGINEERING NEWS RECORD, OCT 17, 74, V193, N17, P39 (2)
TECHNICAL REPORT CONNECTICUT WILL RECYCLE 85% OF ITS RESIDENTIAL AND
COMMERCIAL WASTE SOLIDS BY 1985; THE RESULTANT FUEL WILL MEET 10% OF THE
STATE'S POWER NEEDS. DETAILS OF THE PLAN, WHICH INCLUDES CONSTRUCTION OF 10
REGIONAL SOLID WASTE RECYCLING CENTERS ARE PRESENTED. THE FIRST TWO PLANTS,
SLATED FOR 1976, ARE ONE AT BRIDGEPORT, WHERE A SHREDDED CONFETTI-LIKE FUEL
CONTAINING 10% MOISTURE, 8-14% ASH, AND ABOUT 14 MILLION BTU/TON WILL BE
RECOVERED, AND ONE AT BERLIN, WHERE THE FUEL WILL BE A POWDERED SUBSTANCE
THAT CAN BE USED AS A COAL SUBSTITUTE OR MIXED WITH EITHER COAL OR OIL. THE
ROGRAM IS EXPECTED TO SAVE TAXPAYERS $100 MILLION BY 1985, REDUCE EMISSIONS
FROM INCINERATORS, AND REDUCE THE LAND NEEDED FOR DISPOSAL SITES. (1
DIAGRAM, 1 DRAWING, 1 MAP)
[ENV]
-------
CASE STUDIES
0114188 *78-022593
THE ACID TEST FOR BRIDGEPORT,
EASTERBROOK GREGG E.
WASTE AGE, MAY 78, V9, N5, P46 (6)
TECHNICAL FEATURE A RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM IN CONNECTICUT IS CENTERED
AROUND A $53 MILLION, 1800 TON/DAY REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL PLANT IN BRIDGEPORT.
THE SYSTEM FEATURES LOW ENERGY, LOW COST EQUIPMENT, AND SIZE REDUCTION
THROUGH AN EMBRITTLING AGENT AND A BALL MILL, METHODS NEW TO WASTE
PROCESSING. THE PRIVATE SALE OF REVENUE BONDS FINANCED THE SYSTEM.
POTENTIAL PROBLEMS ARE THE POSSIBILITY OF ASH CONTAMINATING THE FUEL,
EXPLOSIONS IN THE PROCESS EQUIPMENT, AND POLITICAL GAME-PLAYING BY THE
AGENCIES INVOLVED. THE CONNECTICUT RESOURCES RECOVERY AUTHORITY HAS
OVERSEEN THE PROJECT, WHICH INVOLVES A NETWORK OF SIX TRANSFER STATIONS AND
THE BRIDGEPORT PLANT. (5 PHOTOS)
[EGY]
0125385 *78-000533
THE ECONOMICS OF RECOVERING RECYCLABLE MATERIALS FROM URBAN
WASTES,
BIELICKI LUCIAN C.
AMERICAN CAN CO,
PRESENTED AT INST OF GAS TECHNOLOGY SYM ON CLEAN FUELS FROM BIOMASS &
WASTES, ORLANDO, JAN 25-28, 77, P279 (11)
COMMENTARY A SYSTEM MECHANICALLY PROCESSES MUNICIPAL WASTE ON A LARGE
SCALE TO SEPARATE DESIRED PRODUCTS, AND LONG-TERM MARKETS FOR EACH PRODUCT
STREAM EXIST. THE AMERICOLOGY BUSINESS UNIT OF THE AMERICAN CAN CO. WAS
ORGANIZED IN 1973 TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF MUNICIPAL RESOURCE RECOVERY. A
CONTRACT WAS NEGOTIATED WITH MILWAUKEE TO PROCESS ALL WASTE FOR 15 YEARS.
THE PLANT WAS FINISHED IN 1976, AND SHIPMENTS OF NEWSPAPERS, FERROUS
METALS, GLASS, ALUMINUM, AND AIR CLASSIFIED REFUSE (TO BE BURNED WITH COAL)
SHOULD BEGIN IN 1977. THE SYSTEM, AND OTHERS LIKE IT, SHOULD BE BETTER
ECONOMICALLY THAN CONVENTIONAL INCINERATION AND PROPOSED PYROLYSIS
PROJECTS. (5 GRAPHS, 1 TABLE)
[ENV]
0110241 77-023270
MILWAUKEE LEAPS INTO RESOURCE RECOVERY,
SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT, JUN 77, V20, N6, PI6 (3)
-------
FEATURE ARTICLE MILWAUKEE ENTERED THE BIG LEAGUES OF RESOURCE RECOVERY
BY INAUGURATING AN $18 MILLION FACILITY BUILT BY THE AMERICAN CAN CO. UNDER
A 15 YR CONTRACT FOR DISPOSING OF AND RECYCLING THE CITY'S SOLID WASTES.
THE LARGEST PORTION OF WASTES, 50-60% BY WEIGHT, CONSISTS OF LIGHT FRACTION
MATERIAL REDUCED TO LESS THAN 1 INCH PARTICLE SIZE AND PURCHASED BY THE
WISCONSIN ELECTRIC POWER CO. ALL WASTES COLLECTED BY THE CITY'S FLEET OF
159 VEHICLES EVENTUALLY WIND UP AT THE AMERICOLOGY PLANT, WHICH IS ON A
NINE ACRE SITE NEAR MARQUETTE UNIV. THE PLANT CAN HANDLE 400,000 TON/YR. (2
DIAGRAMS, 4 PHOTOS)
[EGY]
0113892 *76-005165
THE NOTTINGHAM SYSTEM FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY,
TICHENOR RICHARD
RECYCLING AND CONSERVATION, ME,
COMPOST SCIENCE, JAN-FEB 76, V17, Nl, P20 (6)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE NOTTINGHAM, N.H., SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM,
WHICH IS A LOW CAPITAL-INTENSIVE, LOW TECHNOLOGY RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR A
SMALL TOWN OF LESS THAN 10,000 RESIDENTS, IS EXAMINED. THE UNDERLYING
CONCEPTS AND MECHANICS OF THE SYSTEM ARE DESCRIBED, INCLUDING HOME
SEPARATION OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE AND DISPOSITION OF RECYCLED MATERIALS. DATA
ON HOUSEHOLD ACCEPTANCE LEVELS, PROPORTION OF RECOVERY LEVELS, COSTS, AND
RECOVERY PRICES OF THE SYSTEM ARE DISCUSSED. A NOTTINGHAM SYSTEM, OR SOME
VARIATION THEREOF, HOLDS PROMISE FOR MANY SMALL TOWNS THAT WOULD FIND
ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVES TO BE PROHIBITIVELY EXPENSIVE. (1
PHOTO, 3 TABLES)
[ENV]
0103969 76-021742
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND FLASH PYROLYSIS OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE,
PRESTON G. T.
OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH CORP, CALIF,
PRESENTED AT INST OF GAS TECHNOLOGY CONF ON CLEAN FUELS, ORLANDO, FLA,
JAN 27-30, 76, P89 (26)
TECHNICAL REPORT THE OCCIDENTAL RESEARCH CORP. RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM
RECOVERS VALUABLE METALS AND GLASS FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE, AND CONVERTS THE
ORGANIC PORTION INTO A USEFUL FUEL OIL BY FLASH PYROLYSIS. PRODUCTS INCLUDE
READILY MARKETABLE FERROUS METALS, CLEAN GLASS GULLET, AN ALUMINUM RICH
NONFERROUS FRACTION, AND A LOW SULFUR LIQUID FUEL. STATUS OF THE PROCESS
AND A SYSTEM FLOW SCHEME ARE PRESENTED. ENERGY RECOVERIES AND MATERIALS
BALANCES, ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS, MARKETABILITY OF THE END PRODUCTS, AND
OVERALL ECONOMICS OF THE SYSTEM ARE DISCUSSED. (5 DIAGRAMS, 1 GRAPH, 8
REFERENCES, 7 TABLES)
[EGY]
-------
6117913 *77-000461
KODAK DISPOSES OF WASTE IN SYSTEM THAT HELPS PAY ITS WAY,
- YOUNG RICHARD A. ; LISK IAN 0.
(EDITOR), AND
POLLUTION ENGINEERING, SEP 76, V8, N9, P48 (2)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE EASTMAN KODAK CO. HAS COMPLETED A $10 MILLION
COMBUSTIBLE WASTE DISPOSAL UNIT THAT RECLAIMS HEAT, PRODUCES STEAM, AND
RECOVERS SILVER. THE SYSTEM COMBINES THREE OPERATIONS: A REFUSE HANDLING
SECTION WITH A 180 TON/DAY CAPACITY; A SLUDGE DRYING SECTION, WHICH USES
ITS OWN HEAT TO FLASH-DRY WASTE FROM A KODAK TREATMENT PLANT; AND A
COMBUSTION SECTION THAT GENERATES STEAM FOR PLANT OPERATIONS BY BURNING
REFUSE AND SLUDGE IN A SUSPENSION-FIRED BOILER. THE MOST IMPORTANT PRODUCT
IS BOTTOM ASH FROM THE BOILER AND FLYASH FROM THE PRECIPITATORS; THESE
ASHES CONTAIN VALUABLE SILVER. ABOUT 30 TON/DAY OF THE ASH ARE SENT TO A
COMPANY IN CANADA WHERE THE SILVER IS RECOVERED. (1 DIAGRAM)
[ENV]
0110207 77-023236
CHICAGO'S NEW REFUSE DISPOSAL INSTALLATION,
SULOWAY MARSHALL
CHICAGO DEPT OF PUBLIC WORKS,
PRESENTED AT INST OF GAS TECHNOLOGY SYM ON CLEAN FUELS FROM BIOMASS &
WASTES, ORLANDO, JAN 25-28, 77, P303 (7)
TECHNICAL FEATURE CHICAGO HAS CONSTRUCTED A 2000 TON/DAY CAPACITY,
SUPPLEMENTARY FUEL PROCESSING FACILITY AS ITS LATEST WASTE DISPOSAL
INSTALLATION. THE FACILITY PROVIDES CLEAN WASTE DISPOSAL WITH INCREASED
EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMY DUE TO RESOURCE RECOVERY AND POWER GENERATION AND TO
REVENUE FOR PROCESSED REFUSE. THE SYSTEM IS DESCRIBED. DEBUGGING OPERATIONS
SHOULD PRESENT NO LONG DELAYS. (1 DRAWING)
[EGY]
0126897 78-001965
THEY'RE MAKING A SUCCESSFUL TRASH-ENERGY SWAP IN NASHVILLE,
PATTON, S. R. ; HOUSTON P. M.; GATTMAN W. R.
NASHVILLE THERMAL TRANSFER CORP, TENN,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & ENERGY REVIEW, FALL 77, V4, N4, P22 (2)
FEATURE ARTICLE THE NASHVILLE THERMAL TRANSFER CORP., OPENED IN 1974,
HAS HAD A CHECKERED EXISTENCE. WORD OF BIG FINANCIAL PROBLEMS AND POLLUTION
SPREAD BY 1975, BUT PREDICTIONS WERE THAT THE OPERATION OF THE DUAL-PURPOSE
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND ENERGY PRODUCTION PLANT COULD BE TURNED AROUND.
NOW THE PLANT SEEMS OUT OF THE WOODS AND IN THE BLACK, BEFORE DEBT SERVICE.
(1 DIAGRAM, 1 PHOTO)
[ENV]
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•0104735 76-022478
DESIGN AND POLLUTION CONTROL FEATURES OF THE SAUGUS, MASSACHUSETTS, STEAM
GENERATING REFUSE-ENERGY PLANT,
MACADAM WALTER K.
WHEELABRATOR-FRYE,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, APR 76, VI, N3, P235 (9)
TECHNICAL FEATURE A STEAM GENERATING PLANT USING REFUSE FOR FUEL IS
BEING CONSTRUCTED AT SAUGUS, MASS. IT WILL DISPOSE OF AN AVERAGE OF 1089
METRIC TON/DAY OF REFUSE FROM SOME 16 COMMUNITIES, AND PROVIDE ENERGY TO A
NEARBY INDUSTRIAL PLANT FOR ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AND PROCESS STEAM.
THE SYSTEM AND ITS FINANCING ARE DESCRIBED. POLLUTION CONTROL DESIGN AT THE
FACILITY, INCLUDING ODOR AND PARTICULATE CONTROL, AIR QUALITY, WATER
QUALITY, AND NOISE CONTROL IS EXPLAINED. (1 DIAGRAM, 1 DRAWING)
[EGY]
0105503 76-023227
BURNING REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL,
HOVE MERLIN C.
ELECTRIC UTILITY, AMES, IOWA,
PUBLIC POWER, MAY-JUN 76, V34, N3, P20 (4)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE AMES, IOWA, SOLID WASTE RECOVERY PLANT SERVES THE
CITY AND MOST OF STORY COUNTY, WHICH HAS A POPULATION OF 60,000. ABOUT
73,400 TON/YR OF REFUSE IS PRODUCED (AN AVERAGE OF 6.72 LB/DAY PER CAPITA).
APPROXIMATELY 55,000 TONS OF THE TOTAL WILL BE RECEIVED AT THE SEPARATION
PLANT. THE OTHER 18,400 TONS CONSIST OF DIRT, SAND, ROCK, AND OTHER
MATERIALS, WHICH WILL BE LANDFILLED. THE PLANT HAS THREE BOILERS THAT WERE
MODIFIED TO BURN REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL AT ABOUT $180,000. ERDA PERFORMS FOUR
OR FIVE ANALYSES OF THE FUEL .EVERY WEEK FOR MOISTURE CONTENT AND FUEL
VALUE. THESE MODIFICATIONS AND PROCESSING PLANT OPERATIONS ARE DESCRIBED.
BOTTOM ASH AND ECONOMICS ARE DISCUSSED. (1 DIAGRAM, 2 PHOTOS, 1 TABLE)
[EGY]
0104734 76-022477
UNION ELECTRIC COMPANY'S SOLID WASTE UTILIZATION SYSTEM,
KLUMB DAVID
UNION ELECTRIC CO, MO,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, APR 76, VI, N3, P225 (9)
TECHNICAL FEATURE UNION ELECTRIC CO. WILL BUILD, OWN, AND OPERATE A 7300
METRIC TON/DAY SOLID WASTE UTILIZATION SYSTEM CAPABLE OF HANDLING
ESSENTIALLY ALL THE SOLID WASTE GENERATED IN THE ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN
REGION. THE SYSTEM IS SCHEDULED FOR FULL OPERATION IN JUNE 1977, AND WILL
COST AN ESTIMATED $70 MILLION. COLLECTION, TRANSPORT, AND PROCESSING
FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM ARE DESCRIBED. REVENUE TO SUPPORT THE PRIVATE
INVESTMENT AND COVER OPERATING COSTS WILL BE GENERATED BY DUMPING FEES,
SALE OF RECOVERED METALS, AND SALE OF THE BURNABLE FRACTION OF THE SOLID
WASTE. (2 DIAGRAMS, 1 DRAWING, 1 TABLE)
[EGY]
-------
0103965 76-021738
DISTRICT HEATING WITH REFUSE DERIVED FUEL AT WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE
BASE,
BUONICORE A. J. ; WALTZ J. P.
(ENTOLETER, NEW HAVEN) AND; (US AIR FORCE),
PRESENTED AT AICHE 3RD ENERGY & ENV CONF, OHIO, SEP 29-OCT 1, 75, P205
(10)
RESEARCH REPORT IN LIGHT OF THE MANY POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES OF USING SOLID
WASTE CONVERTED INTO ENERGY, THE WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE TESTED A
REFUSE DERIVED FUEL IN ITS COAL-FIRED BOILERS. DATA WERE COLLECTED IN JULY
1975 DURING 34 HR OF FIRING A 1:1 RESOURCE DERIVED FUEL/COAL MIX, 6 HR OF
FIRING A 2:1 MIX, AND 24 HR OF FIRING COAL. THE FUEL PELLETS FOR THE TEST
WERE PREPARED BY THE BLACK CLAWSON CO. IN A FRANKLIN, OHIO, RESOURCE
RECOVERY PLANT. HEATING PLANT DESCRIPTION AND PREPARATIONS, AND ALTERATIONS
IN THE FUEL DATA ARE PRESENTED. THE 1:1 RATIO CAUSED NO SIGNIFICANT
PROBLEMS, AND THE 2:1 RATIO CAUSED OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS THAT MIGHT REQUIRE
BOILER MODIFICATION. STACK EMISSIONS WERE GENERALLY IMPROVED. OTHER
OPERATIONAL RESULTS ARE DISCUSSED. AS A SHORT-TERM ENERGY CONSERVATION
MEASURE, .THE FUEL SAVED 19 TONS OF COAL DURING THE STUDY. IN THE LONG TERM,
RESOURCE DERIVED FUEL CAN ACT AS A COAL SUPPLEMENT. (1 DIAGRAM, 2 PHOTOS, 6
REFERENCES, 6 TABLES)
[EGY]
0102427 76-020263
BOSTON AREA REFUSE TURNS INTO STEAM FOR GE PLANT,
KANE J. T.
EDITOR,
PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER, NOV 75, V45, Nil, P14 (6)
FEATURE ARTICLE PROCESSING 1200 TON/DAY OF MUNICIPAL AND COMMERCIAL
REFUSE FROM COMMUNITIES IN THE ' BOSTON NORTH SHORE SUBURBAN AREA, THE
WHEELABRATOR-FRYE REFUSE-TO-ENERGY PLANT IS CONTRACTED TO SUPPLY A GENERAL
ELECTRIC CO. PLANT WITH A MINIMUM OF 2 BILLION LB/YR OF STEAM. THE $35
MILLION PRIVATELY OWNED AND FINANCED FACILITY CAN RECOVER ENERGY, FERROUS
METALS, AGGREGATE, AND STERILE ASH. THE SYSTEM'S MAJOR FEATURES ARE
DESCRIBED. EPA'S RESOURCE RECOVERY POLICY IS DISCUSSED. OVER 20 OPERATING
OR PLANNED RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS ARE LISTED. (6 PHOTOS)
[EGY]
0103961 76-021734
REFUSE TO ENERGY MEMPHIS STYLE,
SMITH JOHN W.
MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,
PRESENTED AT AICHE 3RD ENERGY & ENV CONF, OHIO, SEP 29-OCT 1, 75, P100
(6)
-------
FEATURE ARTICLE THE DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY THE CITY OF MEMPHIS IN
ITS ATTEMPT TO IMPLEMENT A METROPOLITAN REGION RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAM
ARE OUTLINED. DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM, EVALUATION OF MARKETS FOR
RECOVERABLE MATERIALS, VARIOUS SEPARATION SYSTEMS CONSIDERED, COSTS, AND
ACCEPTABILITY TO ALL AREAS OF THE REGION ARE REVIEWED. MAJOR FACTORS WERE
ECONOMIC, LEGAL, AND POLITICAL, AND INCLUDED THE POSSIBILITY OF MARKET
SATURATION. (1 TABLE)
[EGY]
0126153 *78-001266
EFFECTIVE STATE PROGRAMS-GOVERNMENT RESOURCE RECOVERY PLANS,
BENTLEY, WILLIAM G. ; DAVID LOU; O'NEIL THEODORE; SMITH GARRETT; FIORE
MICHAEL
NEW YORK STATE DEPT ENV CONSERVATION,
PRESENTED AT EPA/NSWMA NATL CONGRESS ON WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY &
RESOURCE & ENERGY RECOVERY, DALLAS, DEC 7-9,76, P398(28)
SURVEY REPORT EFFECTIVE STATE PROGRAMS AND GOVERNMENTAL PLANS FOR
RESOURCE RECOVERY ARE DISCUSSED IN FOUR PAPERS ON THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: THE
IMPORTANCE OF AN EFFECTIVE STATE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM; RHODE
ISLAND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT CORPORATION; MIDDLESEX COUNTY, N. J.; AND
RICHMOND, VA. (1 DIAGRAM, 2 GRAPHS, 2 MAPS, 2 TABLES)
[ENV]
0126125 *78-001238
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF REFUSE DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVES,
MILLER, DAVID M. ; CRAIG ROBERT J.
VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND STATE UNIV,
J ENV ENGINEERING DIV-ASCE, OCT 77, V103, N5, P935 (14)
TECHNICAL REPORT THE BEST SYSTEM FOR DISPOSING OF REFUSE AT A MILITARY
BASE IS SELECTED FROM AMONG ALTERNATIVES. BOTH RESOURCE RECOVERY THROUGH
RECYCLING AND ENERGY RECOVERY ARE INVESTIGATED. A PARTIAL SOURCE
SEGREGATION PLAN IS THE MOST COST-EFFECTIVE FOR THE BASE. PROCEDURES AND
METHODS DESCRIBED SHOULD BE USEFUL FOR PRIVATE AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS. (2
DIAGRAMS, 4 TABLES)
[ENV]
0126117 78-001230
REQUESTS FOR PROPOSALS . . . RESOURCE RECOVERY CASE STUDIES,
HAGEN RONALD D.
NATL CENTER FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY, WASH DC,
J RESOURCE RECOVERY, SUMMER 77,' V7, N3, P56 (13)
SURVEY REPORT A KEY STEP IN THE PROCESS OF PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTING
RECOVERY FACILITIES IS THE REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS, WHICH COMMUNICATES THE
PARTICULARS OF A COMMUNITY'S DESIRE FOR A SYSTEM AND SERVICE. PROBLEMS AND
APPROACHES OF ISSUING A REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS ARE DISCUSSED. VARIOUS
METHODS ARE ILLUSTRATED IN SEVEN CASE STUDIES, INCLUDING: DADE COUNTY,
FLA.; NEW ORLEANS, LA.; DETROIT, MICH.; LANE COUNTY, ORE.; MONTGOMERY
COUNTY, OHIO; NEWARK, N.J.; AND MONROE COUNTY, N.Y. EPA ASSISTANCE IN
DRAFTING APPROPRIATE PROCUREMENT DOCUMENTS AND CONTRACTS IS EXPLAINED.
CONTENTS OF A COMPLETE AND CONCISE REQUEST ARE DESCRIBED. (28 REFERENCES)
[ENV]
-------
0124684 *77-006674
RECOVERY 1: A PROGRESS REPORT,
WASTE AGE, MAY 77, V8, N5, P64 (5)
TECHNICAL FEATURE RECOVERY 1, NEW ORLEANS' SOLID WASTE PROCESSING AND
RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITY, HAS RECEIVED, PROCESSED, AND DISPOSED OF MORE
THAN 150,000 TONS OF MUNICIPAL WASTES SINCE DEDICATION OF ITS SHREDDING AND
DISPOSAL UNITS IN JULY 1976. RECOVERY 1 IS DESIGNED TO HANDLE 650 TON/DAY,
OR ABOUT HALF THE CITY'S COLLECTIONS. THE FACILITY IS ESTIMATED TO HAVE
SAVED THE CITY AT LEAST $200,000 TO DATE. SUBSTANTIAL FUEL SAVINGS, ALSO,
HAVE BEEN REALIZED SINCE CLOSING OF INCINERATORS. PROGRESS AT RECOVERY 1 IS
REPORTED. FULL SCALE FERROUS METAL RECOVERY IS SCHEDULED TO BE OPERATING IN
EARLY SPRING 1977, WITH GLASS RECOVERY TO FOLLOW LATER IN THE YEAR. (1
DIAGRAM, 5 PHOTOS)
[ENV]
0124683 *77-006673
NATION'S FIRST RAILHAUL OFF AND RUNNING IN OMAHA,
GEISLER, CHARLES A. ; POORE GARY L.; HANRAHAN MICHAEL
WASTE AGE, MAY 77, V8, N5, P54 (5)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE FIRST PHASE OF A TOTAL RESOURCE RECOVERY TO ENERGY
PROGRAM FOR OMAHA, NEBR., HAS BEEN ACHIEVED WITH CONSTRUCTION OF A $4.6
MILLION BALING FACILITY. GARBAGE IS PROCESSED DURING AN 8 HR SHIFT AT A
RECYCLING FACILITY. APPROXIMATELY 500 TON/DAY ARE BALED, REPRESENTING 33%
OF THE CITY'S REFUSE. RAIL FLAT CARS MOVE THE BALES TO A 78 ACRE FILL SITE
3 MI AWAY. (11 PHOTOS)
[ENV]
0124013 *77-006050
FINANCING RESOURCE AND ENERGY RECOVERY: A CASE STUDY APPROACH,
BALLARD CHARLES A.
DILLION, READ & CO,
WASTE AGE, MAR 77, V8, N3, P58 (5)
TECHNICAL FEATURE APPROACHES THAT FOUR EXAMPLE CITIES ARE USING TO
FINANCE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES ARE REVIEWED. EACH IS EMBRACING ONE
OF A SERIES OF OPTIONS: ISSUANCE OF GENERAL OBLIGATION BONDS, SPECIAL
REVENUE BONDS, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT REVENUE BONDS, FINANCING FROM THE
PRIVATE SECTOR, OR SOME COMBINATION OF THE ALTERNATIVES. SOLUTIONS THAT
EACH APPROACH DERIVES FOR RESOURCE AND ENERGY RECOVERY OPERATIONS ARE
DESCRIBED. (7 DIAGRAMS, 1 TABLE)
[ENV]
-------
0124012 *77-006049
PLANNING FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY: A CASE STUDY-THE WASHINGTON, D.C. METRO
AREA,
ABERT JAMES G.
NATL CENTER FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY,
WASTE AGE, MAR 77, V8, N3, P30 (5)
SURVEY REPORT MARKETING, SYSTEMS IDENTIFICATION, PROGRAM FEASIBILITY
ANALYSIS, AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT FOR MATERIALS AND ENERGY RECOVERY FROM
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN THE WASHINGTON, D.C., METROPOLITAN AREA ARE
SUMMARIZED. THE PROJECT ILLUSTRATES THE USE OF ADVANCED LETTERS OF INTENT
TO INCREASE THE LEVEL OF MARKET ASSURANCE, EXCHANGE AND FLOOR PRICES AS THE
PRINCIPAL DETERMINANTS OF MARKETING FEASIBILITY, AN INDICATION OF DOLLAR
MARKET VALUE OF MATERIALS IN EXTENDED TIME FRAMES, AND THE NEED FOR AN
ENERGY PRODUCT IF RECOVERY IS TO BE ECONOMICAL. THE CASE STUDY IS MODELED
AFTER THE APPROACH DEVELOPED BY THE NAT'L CENTER FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY TO
EFFECT THE SYSTEM OPERATING IN NEW ORLEANS. (1 GRAPH, 6 TABLES)
[ENV]
0121019 77-003333
A RESOURCE RECOVERY CASE STUDY,
J RESOURCE RECOVERY, SUMMER 76, V6, N3, P52 (9)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE 1-95 COMPLEX, A REGIONAL SOLID WASTE PROCESSING
DISPOSAL CENTER USED BY THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, TWO NORTHERN VIRGINIA
JURISDICTIONS, AND THE CITY OF ALEXANDRIA, VA. , WAS PROPOSED AS THE
LOCATION FOR A RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITY. THIS FACILITY WOULD PRODUCE A
REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL FOR SALE TO THE LOCAL UTILITY AND RECOVER A WIDE RANGE
OF MATERIALS. THE THREE STUDIES-ON MARKETS, FEASIBILITY, AND NETWORK-THAT
LED TO A RECOMMENDATION FOR FUNDING OF THIS PROJECT ARE EXAMINED. THE FIRST
STUDY WAS MADE TO ASSURE THAT THERE WOULD BE MARKETS FOR THE RECOVERABLE
MATERIALS. THE FEASIBILITY STUDY, STEP TWO, EXAMINED THE DESIGN AND
ASSOCIATED COSTS OF A PLANT AND COMPARED POTENTIAL COST TO POTENTIAL
REVENUES. THE FINAL STEP CONSIDERED SUCH OPTIONS AS PLANT SIZE, LOCATION,
ETC., BASED ON THE LONG-TERM SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT NEEDS. (2 DIAGRAMS, 1
GRAPH, 4 TABLES)
[ENV]
-------
0125792 *78-000905
METALS IN THE COMBUSTIBLE FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE,
HAYNES, B. W. ; LAW S. L.; CAMPBELL W. J.
USBM RI-8244, 1977 (20)
SPECIAL REPORT THE COMBUSTIBLE FRACTION OF URBAN REFUSE IS BEING
EXTENSIVELY CONSIDERED AS A FUEL SUPPLEMENT FOR COAL IN THE GENERATION OF
HEAT AND POWER. THE CONCENTRATION OF MAJOR, MINOR, AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN
THE COMBUSTIBLE FRACTIONS COLLECTED AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS IN THE USBM URBAN
REFUSE RECYCLING PILOT PLANT AT COLLEGE PARK, MD., IS DETERMINED. SAMPLES
PROCESSED THROUGH THE PLANT WERE SUBMITTED BY VARIOUS MUNICIPALITIES THAT
ARE CONSIDERING RESOURCE RECOVERY AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO LANDFILL OR OTHER
DISPOSAL MECHANISMS. ALTHOUGH CONCENTRATION OF SEVERAL TRACE AND MINOR
ELEMENTS WAS HIGHER IN THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE THAN IN THE COAL UTILIZED
IN UTILITIES POWER PLANTS, THE DIFFERENCE WAS INSIGNIFICANT ENOUGH TO MAKE
THE USE OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS A FUEL SUPPLEMENT AN ATTRACTIVE
POSSIBILITY. *XL
[ENV]
0120200 *77-002559
IN AMES, IOWA, THEY'RE TAKING -THE WASTE OUT OF GARBAGE,
GORTON TOM
PLANNING MAGAZINE-ASPO, JAN 77, V43, Nl, P14 (5)
TECHNICAL FEATURE IN AMES, IOWA, FROM 106-200 TON/DAY OF REFUSE THAT
WOULD NORMALLY BE DUMPED IN A LANDFILL ARE NOW PROCESSED AT THE DOWNTOWN
SOLID WASTE RECOVERY SYSTEM PLANT. THE RECOVERED WASTE MATERIALS ARE SOLD
FOR $11.40/TON, AND WHAT CANNOT BE SOLD IS BURNED TO PRODUCE 10% OF THE
CITY'S ELECTRIC POWER. THE REMAINDER IS LANDFILLED. SOLID WASTE RECOVERY IN
FENTON, MO., AND CHICAGO IS DISCUSSED, AND A CURRENT ERDA-EPA PROJECT IS
DESCRIBED. (6 PHOTOS)
[ENV]
0120190 77-002549
THE PUROX SYSTEM,
FISHER, T. F. ; KASBOH M. L.; RIVERO J. R.
UNION CARBIDE CO,
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS, OCT 76, V72, N10, P75 (4)
TECHNICAL FEATURE A PARTIAL OXIDATION PROCESS USING OXYGEN FOR
CONVERTING SOLID WASTE TO FUEL GAS AND INERT SLAG HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY
DEMONSTRATED ON A COMMERCIAL SCALE IN A 200 TON/DAY FACILITY. THE
DEMONSTRATION PLANT HAS NOW BEEN OPERATING SUCCESSFULLY ON MUNICIPAL
REFUSE, AND PLANT OPERATION HAS SUCCESSFULLY SOLVED THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED
WITH A 40-FOLD SCALEUP. THE PROCESS OPERATION, PILOT AND DEMONSTRATION
PLANTS, AND FERROUS METALS RECOVERY ARE DISCUSSED. (3 DIAGRAMS, 2 PHOTOS, 1
REFERENCE, 3 TABLES)
[ENV]
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0116483 *76-007524
MUNICIPAL REFUSE, n,
CARLSON, D. ; SPENCER D.; CHRISTENSEN H.; SMITH M. L.; LAUER K. R. ;
LELIAERT, R. M. ; LILES K. J.
RAYTHEON SERVICE CO, MASS,
PRESENTED AT. USBM/ILLINOIS INST OF TECHNOLOGY 5TH MINERAL WASTE
UTILIZATION SYM, CHICAGO, APR 13-14, 76, P195 (57)
TECHNICAL REPORT THE MONROE COUNTY, N.Y., RESOURCE RECOVERY PROJECT AND
THE CONTINENTAL CAN CO.'S RESOURCES RECOVERY APPROACH TO URBAN SOLID WASTE
PROCESSING IN CHICAGO ARE DESCRIBED. PROFITABLE UTILIZATION OF INCINERATOR
RESIDUE FROM MUNICIPAL REFUSE AND OF LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
AGGREGATE FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE GLASS IS EXPLAINED. QUALITY OF PRODUCTS FROM
USBM RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS AND SUITABILITY FOR RECYCLING ARE DISCUSSED,
AND UTILIZATION OF REFUSE SCRAP IN CUPOLA GRAY IRON PRODUCTION IS DETAILED.
DEVELOPMENTS LEADING TO THE DESIGN OF AN URBAN REFUSE PYROLYSIS UNIT FOR
GAS PRODUCTION, AND CONCENTRATION AND SOURCE OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE
COMBUSTIBLE FRACTION OF URBAN REFUSE ARE EXAMINED. (NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS,
GRAPHS, PHOTOS, REFERENCES, TABLES)
[ENV]
0116482 *76-007523
MUNICIPAL REFUSE, I,
FUNK, HARVEY D. ; RUSSELL STUART H. ; CAVANNA M. M. ; RIANO E. ; ALMARAZ
J. SANCHEZ; RAMIREZ H. GARCIA; NEWELL SCOTT
HENNINGSON, DURHAM AND RICHARDSON, NEBR,
PRESENTED AT USBM/ILLINOIS INST OF TECHNOLOGY 5TH MINERAL WASTE
UTILIZATION SYM, CHICAGO, APR 13-14, 76, P132 (62)
TECHNICAL REPORT THE ENERGY AND MATERIALS RECOVERY SYSTEM AT AMES, IOWA,
IS EXAMINED. THE LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN PROCESSING SPANISH URBAN RAW
REFUSE, AND AN URBAN REFUSE PROCESSING AND METAL RECLAMATION OPERATION IN
ODESSA, TEX., ARE DESCRIBED. INDIRECT ENERGY SAVINGS GENERATED BY URBAN
REFUSE RECOVERY ARE DISCUSSED. PILOT STUDIES PROCESSING MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE AND RECOVERY OF ALUMINUM USING AN EDDY CURRENT SEPARATOR; AIR
CLASSIFICATION OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE; THE FINAL REPORT ON A GLASS AND
NONFERROUS METAL RECOVERY SUBSYSTEM AT FRANKLIN, OHIO; AND RESOURCE
RECOVERY FROM REFUSE ARE PRESENTED. (NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS, GRAPHS, REFERENCES,
TABLES)
[ENV]
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0104733 76-022476
FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR BURNING RE FUSE-DERIVED FUEL IN THE DISTRICT OF
COLUMBIA BY POTOMAC ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY,
VISCOMI B. VINCENT
LAFAYETTE COLLEGE,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, APR 76, VI, N3, P217 (8)
SURVEY REPORT THE ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF A PROJECT FOR PRODUCING AND
BURNING REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IS INVESTIGATED.
THE PROJECT SPECIFICALLY CONSIDERED IS BURNING REFUSE FUEL AT THE POTOMAC
ELECTRIC POWER CO. BENNING GENERATING STATION. RECOMMENDATIONS OF A TASK
FORCE., WHICH FOUND THE PROJECT TO BE ECONOMICAL, ARE INCLUDED. SITE PLANS
FOR THE OPERATION ARE PRESENTED. (5 DIAGRAMS)
[EGY]
0115954 *76-006995
EPA RESOURCE RECOVERY DEMONSTRATION: SUMMARY OF AIR EMISSIONS
ANALYSES,
HOLLOWAY J. R.
EPA,
WASTE AGE, AUG 76, V7, N8, P50 (3)
SURVEY REPORT EMISSIONS OF PARTICULATE MATTER, BACTERIA, VIRUSES, AND
VARIOUS GASES ARE MEASURED FOR A 45 TON/HR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE FACILITY
IN ST. LOUIS THAT IS OPERATING ON AN EXPERIMENTAL BASIS. THE DATA PREDICT
THE MAGNITUDE OF CHANGES WITH COMBINED FIRING THAT MAY BE EXPECTED IN
IMPORTANT AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PARAMETERS, SUCH AS FLYASH PARTICLE SIZE
AND RESISTIVITY, FLYASH QUANTITITIES ON A POWER OUTPUT BASIS, AND EXHAUST
GAS FLOW RATES. (1 DRAWING, 2 GRAPHS, 1 PHOTO, 1 TABLE)
[ENV]
0115650 *76-006748
ST. LOUIS REFUSE PROCESSING PLANT: EQUIPMENT, FACILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
EVALUATIONS,
SHANNON, L. J. ; FISCUS D. E.; GORMAN P. G.
MIDWEST RESEARCH INST, MO,
NTIS REPORT PB-243 634, MAY 75 (122)
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SPECIAL REPORT THE ST. LOUIS UNION ELECTRIC SYSTEM IS THE FIRST
DEMONSTRATION PLANT IN THE U.S. TO PROCESS RAW MUNICIPAL WASTE FOR USE AS A
SUPPLEMENTARY FUEL IN POWER PLANT BOILERS. IN ADDITION TO PRODUCING FUEL,
FERROUS METALS ARE RECOVERED FROM THE WASTE FOR USE AS A SCRAP CHARGE IN
STEEL PRODUCTION. TWO SEPARATE FACILITIES CONSTITUTE THE SYSTEM-A
PROCESSING PLANT AND TWO IDENTICAL BOILERS THAT ARE MODIFIED TO FIRE
SHREDDED AIR CLASSIFIED REFUSE ALONG WITH COAL. A TEST AND EVALUATION
PROGRAM INCLUDING EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES EVALUATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENTS AT THE REFUSE PROCESSING PLANT AND THE REFUSE FIRING FACILITY
IS DESCRIBED. THE TEST METHODOLOGY IS ASSESSED.
[ENV]
0100208 75-000826
SOLID WASTE AS A SOURCE OF FUEL,
DILLE, EARL K. ; KLUMB DAVID L.
UNION ELECTRIC CO, MO,
PRESENTED AT 3RD INTL POLL ENG CONF, CHICAGO, SEP 9-11, 74, P35 (10)
TECHNICAL REPORT THE RESULTS OF FULL-SCALE TESTS CONDUCTED IN ST. LOUIS
ON THE FEASIBILITY OF BURNING PREPARED REFUSE IN AN EXISTING BOILER FIRING
PULVERIZED COAL ARE PRESENTED. THE RAW MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COLLECTED BY
THE CITY IS MILLED TO SMALL PARTICLES AND AIR CLASSIFIED; THEN THE
REMAINDER IS FIRED THROUGH A PNEUMATIC SYSTEM TO A 125 MW BOILER UNIT.
OPERATION OF THE PROTOTYPE WAS SATISFACTORY DURING THE FIRST YEAR, EXCEPT
FOR MILLED SOLID WASTE MECHANICAL HANDLING PROBLEMS. POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF
THE SYSTEM INCLUDE AN ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF SOLID WASTE
DISPOSAL, CONSERVATION OF IRREPLACEABLE NATURAL RESOURCES, MORE EFFECTIVE
CONTROL OF LAND USE, AND ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION. (3 DIAGRAMS, 1 DRAWING,
1 TABLE)
[EGY]
0108190 *75-008033
BALTIMORE DEMONSTRATES GAS PYROLYSIS: RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM
SOLID WASTE,
SUSSMAN DAVID B.
EPA REPORT SW-75D.I, 1975 (28)
SPECIAL REPORT EPA AWARDED $6 MILLION TOWARD THE COST OF THE $16 MILLION
GASEOUS PYROLYSIS PROJECT IN BALTIMORE. MONSANTO ENVIRO-CHEM SYSTEMS, INC.,
OF ST. LOUIS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PLANT'S COMPLETE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION
AND START-UP. THE PLANT WILL ACCEPT RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL SOLID WASTE
AND WILL PROCESS 1000 TON/DAY. ABOUT 200,000 LB/HR OF STEAM WILL BE
PURCHASED BY THE BALTIMORE GAS AND ELECTRIC CO. FERROUS METAL AND GLASSY
AGGREGATE WILL BE SEPARATED FROM THE PYROLYSIS REACTOR. THE PLANT'S
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT ARE
DESCRIBED. (3 DIAGRAMS, 5 PHOTOS, 5 TABLES)
[ENV]
-------
)0729 *75-002872
iNING REFUSE IN POWER PLANT PROMISES SAVINGS,
PUBLIC POWER, SEP-OCT 74, V32, N5, P26 (3)
SURVEY REPORT A FEASIBILITY STUDY CONDUCTED ON THE USE OF EXISTING POWER
DERATING EQUIPMENT FOR INCINERATION OF MUNICIPAL REFUSE DETERMINED THE
PE, EXTENT, AND COST OF MODIFICATIONS TO THE EXISTING FACILITIES,
TERMINED THE QUANTITY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REFUSE, DEVELOPED
NCEPTS AND COSTS FOR RECEIVING AND PROCESSING, AND ASSESSED THE EFFECT OF
E PROPOSED SYSTEM ON AIR POLLUTANTS DISCHARGED BY BOILERS. THESE
VESTIGATIONS CONFIRMED THAT IT WAS FEASIBLE TO BURN MUNICIPAL REFUSE AT
LITTLE AS 150 TON/DAY. THE EQUIPMENT HAS BEEN PURCHASED, DETAILED PLANT
1SIGN IS ESSENTIALLY COMPLETED, AND CONSTRUCTION IS UNDER WAY. (3
:AGRAMS, 3 PHOTOS)
1GY]
L08183 *75-008026
^COVERING RESOURCES FROM SOLID WASTE USING WET-PROCESSING, EPA'S
*ANKLIN, OHIO, DEMONSTRATION PROJECT,
ARELLA DAVID G.
EPA REPORT SW-47D, 1974 (29)
SURVEY REPORT DISPOSAL AND FERROUS METAL RECOVERY SYSTEM, SLUDGE
ISPOSAL, GLASS AND ALUMINUM RECOVERY SYSTEM, FIBER RECOVERY SYSTEM,
PERATING EXPERIENCE, RECOVERED MATERIALS AND MARKETING, ADAPTABILITY OF
:ODULAR TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMICS, AND PROJECTED ECONOMICS FOR A LARGER PLANT
'ROM EPA'S FRANKLIN, OHIO, RESOURCE RECOVERY PROJECT ARE DESCRIBED. AFTER
[ORE THAN TWO YEARS OF DAILY OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT, ACCOMPLISHMENTS AT
'HE FRANKLIN PLANT INCLUDE: (1) SUCCESSFUL WET-PULPING AND SEPARATION OF
IUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE; (2) REDUCED VOLUME OF MATERIAL GOING TO LANDFILL BY
)VER 95%; (3) NO BREAKDOWNS IN THE SYSTEMS; (4) MAGNETIC SEPARATION OF
^ERROUS METALS AND SALE FOR REUSE; (5) SALE OF RECYCLABLE PAPER FIBERS; (6)
3URNING OF COMBUSTIBLE SOLID WASTES COMBINED WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE; (7)
CNTEGRATED SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND SEWAGE TREATMENT; (8) GLASS AND
ALUMINUM RECOVERY; AND (9) DATA INDICATING THAT LARGER PLANTS OF THIS TYPE
tfOULD BE COMPETITIVE WITH CONVENTIONAL DISPOSAL. PLANTS SMALLER THAN THE
FRANKLIN PLANT WOULD PROBABLY BE UNECONOMICAL. (1 DIAGRAM, 1 GRAPH, 19
PHOTOS, 3 TABLES)
[ENV]
-------
0108172 75-008015
RESOURCE RECOVERY SPEEDS UP,
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, MAY 26, 75, V82, Nil, P72 (2)
SURVEY REPORT VARIOUS SUCCESSFUL RESOURCE RECOVERY OPERATIONS IN THE
U.S. ARE DESCRIBED, AND THE TECHNIQUES AND METHODS UTILIZED IN RESOURCE
RECOVERY ARE DISCUSSED. OVERALL, RESOURCE RECOVERY HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR
FILLING THREE IMPORTANT ROLES: COPING WITH THE PROBLEM OF MUNICIPAL SOLID
WASTE DISPOSAL; CONTRIBUTING TOWARD THE DOMESTIC ENERGY DEFICIT; AND
RECYCLING CRITICAL NONRENEWABLE MATERIALS. (1 PHOTO)
[ENV]
0102499 *75-002467
BAY AREA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT: VOLUME II.
ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION FOR THE BAY DELTA RESOURCE RECOVERY DEMONSTRATION,
NTIS REPORT PB-234 810/OWP, DEC 73 (134)
SPECIAL REPORT THE SECOND PART OF A THREE-PART REPORT DOCUMENTS THE
PLANNING CONDUCTED FOR THE BAY DELTA RESOURCE RECOVERY DEMONSTRATION
PROJECT. THE PROPOSED PROJECT WOULD DEMONSTRATE RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM
URBAN WASTES AND THE USE OF COMPOSTED REFUSE FOR ISLAND RECLAMATION IN THE
SACRAMENTO-SAN JOAQUIN DELTA. PRESENTED IS ORIGINAL RESEARCH ON THE USE OF
COMPOST AS A LEVEE STRENGTHENING MATERIAL AND THE PLANNING FOR AN
INTERGOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE TO MANAGE THE DEMONSTRATION, A FIRST STEP
TOWARDS EVENTUAL REGIONAL MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTES.
[ENV]
0102498 *75-002466
BAY AREA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT: VOLUME I. PROJECT
REPORT,
NTIS REPORT PB-234 809/2WP, DEC 73 (117)
SPECIAL REPORT PLANNING FOR THE BAY DELTA RESOURCE RECOVERY
DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IS REPORTED. THIS PROPOSED PROJECT WOULD DEMONSTRATE
RESOURCE RECOVERY FROM URBAN WASTES AND THE USE OF COMPOSTED REFUSE FOR
ISLAND RECLAMATION IN THE SACRAMENTO-SAN JOAQUIN DELTA.
[ENV]
-------
0101685 *75-001672
FRANKLIN, OHIO'S SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND FIBER RECOVERY DEMONSTRATION
PLANT, Volume II
NEFF, N. THOMAS ; OKEL N. WAYNE A.M. KINNEY INC, CINCINNATI,
NTIS REPORT PB-234 716/9WP, 1974, V2 (323)
SPECIAL REPORT THE FRANKLIN, OHIO, RESOURCE RECOVERY DEMONSTRATION
PROJECT HAS ELICITED WIDESPREAD INTEREST. PRESENTED ARE: A PRELIMINARY
ANALYSIS OF THE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND FIBER RECOVERY PORTIONS OF THE
PROJECT; AND PRELIMINARY DATA BY WHICH OTHERS MAY BE GUIDED IN EVALUATING
EMERGING SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND RESOURCE RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES. THE
FOLLOWING ARE INCLUDED: UNIT OPERATIONS ANALYSIS, INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT
ANALYSES, BOWSER-MONRNER REPORTS, A.M. KINNEY, INC., REPORTS, AND THE BLACK
CLAWSON CO. STATUS REPORTS.
[ENV]
0101684 *75-001671
FRANKLIN, OHIO'S SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND FIBER RECOVERY DEMONSTRATION
PLANT, Volume I
NEFF, N. THOMAS ; OKEL N. WAYNE A.M. KINNEY INC, CINCINNATI,
NTIS REPORT PB-234 715/1WP, 1974, VI (68)
SPECIAL REPORT THE FRANKLIN, OHIO, RESOURCE RECOVERY DEMONSTRATION
PROJECT HAS ELICITED WIDESPREAD INTEREST. PRESENTED ARE: A PRELIMINARY
ANALYSIS OF THE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND FIBER RECOVERY PORTIONS OF THE
PROJECT; AND PRELIMINARY DATA BY WHICH OTHERS MAY BE GUIDED IN EVALUATING
EMERGING SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND RESOURCE RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES. THE
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THIS EPA-SPONSORED PROJECT AND A GENERAL
DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF THE PROCESS USED ARE INCLUDED. THE
PRELIMINARY PLANT ECONOMICS PRESENTED ARE BASED ON CONSTRUCTION COSTS AND
THE FIRST 12 MONTHS OF OPERATION. THE PLANT BEGAN FUNCTIONING IN JUNE 1971
AND IS NOW IN REGULAR OPERATION RECOVERING FERROUS METALS AND PAPER FIBERS,
WHICH ARE SOLD TO LOCAL INDUSTRIES.
[ENV]
-------
-dl00814 *75-000815
FIBER RECOVERY THROUGH HYDROPULPING,
EICHHOLZ BERNARD
CITY MANAGER, FRANKLIN, OHIO,
PRESENTED AT SOLID WASTE SYM, CINCINNATI, MAY 4-6, 71, P25 (11)
TECHNICAL REPORT THE SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND RECLAMATION FACILITY BEING
BUILT BY FRANKLIN, OHIO, IS DESCRIBED. THE SYSTEM INVOLVES PULPING SOLID
WASTE USING PAPER MILL EQUIPMENT, REMOVING THE METAL AND GLASS
CENTRIFUGALLY, AND DEWATERING AND BURNING THE REMAINING MATERIAL IN A
FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR. ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST FOR THE HYDRASPOSAL
PLANT IS $2 MILLION. THE PROCESS IS ALMOST TOTALLY NONPOLLUTING AND WILL
TREAT .MUNICIPAL SEWAGE, INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER, NONAQUEOUS LIQUID WASTES,
AND MUNICIPAL REFUSE ON THE SAME SITE. (1 DIAGRAM, 2 PHOTOS, 1 TABLE)
[ENV]
-------
ERNATIONAL ASPECTS
0115571 78-023935
ENERGY/RESOURCE CONSERVATION MEASURES FOR ON-SITE ENERGY PLANTS IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES,
MECKLER MILTON
ENERGY GROUP, LOS ANGELES,
ITCC REVIEW, JAN 78, V7, Nl, P25 (15)
SURVEY REPORT BECAUSE OF LIMITED AVAILABILITY OF FUEL, HIGH FUEL COSTS,
AND LACK OF CAPITAL, ENERGY RESOURCE CONSERVATION IS OF VITAL CONCERN TO
DEVELOPING NATIONS. WAYS TO CONSERVE SCARCE DOMESTIC OR IMPORTED ENERGY
RESOURCES INCLUDE: PROPER EQUIPMENT SELECTION, EFFICIENT EQUIPMENT
OPERATION, COOPERATION BETWEEN ENERGY PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS TO TAKE THE
BEST ADVANTAGE OF LOAD REQUIREMENTS, AND USE OF WASTE AS A FUEL RESOURCE.
FROM 35-64% OF THE ENERGY NORMALLY LOST IN FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION IS
RECOVERABLE THROUGH ONSITE ENERGY SYSTEMS. HEAT GENERATED IN THE PRODUCTION
OF ELECTRICITY CAN BE USED BY ONSITE SYSTEMS TO SUPPLY ENERGY FOR SUCH
OTHER REQIREMENTS AS HEATING, AIR-CONDITIONING, AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING.
TRANSMISSION LOSSES ARE ELIMINATED BECAUSE THE GENERATING EQUIPMENT IS
LOCATED AT THE SITE WHERE IT IS BEING USED. (5 DIAGRAMS, 3 TABLES)
[EGY]
0128911 *78-003805
GROWTH WITHOUT PAIN,
VAN DAM ANDRE
CPC INTERNATIONAL,
B ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, APR 78, V34, N4, P28 (3)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE WORLD CAN AFFORD SUSTAINED ECONOMIC GROWTH ONLY IF
IT REDUCES WASTE IN THE MANUFACTURING, DISTRIBUTION, AND CONSUMPTION
PROCESSES. WASTE MANAGEMENT INCLUDES CONSERVATION OF ENERGY, RECOVERY OF
RESOURCES, USE OF SOLID WASTE AND AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, AND DECREASE OF
PLANNED OBSOLESCENCE. BENEFITS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT INCLUDE REDUCED
INFLATION AND EXPANDED EMPLOYMENT. INITIAL COSTS MAY BE HIGH. PRIMARY
SOURCES OF WASTE ARE THE AUTOMOBILE, SOLID WASTE FROM HOUSEHOLDS AND
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, AND THE PREFERENCE FOR VIRGIN MATERIALS OVER
RECYCLED ONES. RECYCLING POTENTIALS FOR AGRICULTURE, HOUSEHOLD WASTE, AND
INDUSTRY ARE DESCRIBED. THE MOST TRAGIC WASTE IS THAT OF PEOPLE'S TIME AND
EXPERIENCE. (1 PHOTO, 12 REFERENCES)
[ENV]
-------
ERNATIONAL ASPECTS
0115571 78-023935
ENERGY/RESOURCE CONSERVATION MEASURES FOR ON-SITE ENERGY PLANTS IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES,
MECKLER MILTON
ENERGY GROUP, LOS ANGELES,
ITCC REVIEW, JAN 78, V7, Nl, P25 (15)
SURVEY REPORT BECAUSE OF LIMITED AVAILABILITY OF FUEL, HIGH FUEL COSTS,
AND LACK OF CAPITAL, ENERGY RESOURCE CONSERVATION IS OF VITAL CONCERN TO
DEVELOPING NATIONS. WAYS TO CONSERVE SCARCE DOMESTIC OR IMPORTED ENERGY
RESOURCES INCLUDE: PROPER EQUIPMENT SELECTION, EFFICIENT EQUIPMENT
OPERATION, COOPERATION BETWEEN ENERGY PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS TO TAKE THE
BEST ADVANTAGE OF LOAD REQUIREMENTS, AND USE OF WASTE AS A FUEL RESOURCE.
FROM 35-64% OF THE ENERGY NORMALLY LOST IN FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION IS
RECOVERABLE THROUGH ONSITE ENERGY SYSTEMS. HEAT GENERATED IN THE PRODUCTION
OF ELECTRICITY CAN BE USED BY ONSITE SYSTEMS TO SUPPLY ENERGY FOR SUCH
OTHER REQIREMENTS AS HEATING, AIR-CONDITIONING, AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING.
TRANSMISSION LOSSES ARE ELIMINATED BECAUSE THE GENERATING EQUIPMENT IS
LOCATED AT THE SITE WHERE IT IS BEING USED. (5 DIAGRAMS, 3 TABLES)
[EGY]
0128911 *78-003805
GROWTH WITHOUT PAIN,
VAN DAM ANDRE
CPC INTERNATIONAL,
B ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, APR 78, V34, N4, P28 (3)
TECHNICAL FEATURE THE WORLD CAN AFFORD SUSTAINED ECONOMIC GROWTH ONLY IF
IT REDUCES WASTE IN THE MANUFACTURING, DISTRIBUTION, AND CONSUMPTION
PROCESSES. WASTE MANAGEMENT INCLUDES CONSERVATION OF ENERGY, RECOVERY OF
RESOURCES, USE OF SOLID WASTE AND AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, AND DECREASE OF
PLANNED OBSOLESCENCE. BENEFITS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT INCLUDE REDUCED
INFLATION AND EXPANDED EMPLOYMENT. INITIAL COSTS MAY BE HIGH. PRIMARY
SOURCES OF WASTE ARE THE AUTOMOBILE, SOLID WASTE FROM HOUSEHOLDS AND
AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, AND THE PREFERENCE FOR VIRGIN MATERIALS OVER
RECYCLED ONES. RECYCLING POTENTIALS FOR AGRICULTURE, HOUSEHOLD WASTE, AND
INDUSTRY ARE DESCRIBED. THE MOST TRAGIC WASTE IS THAT OF PEOPLE'S TIME AND
EXPERIENCE. (1 PHOTO, 12 REFERENCES)
[ENV]
-------
0118404 *79-021598
ENERGY ANALYSIS OF RESOURCE RECOVERY OPTIONS,
BROWN, C. K. ; HOPTON F. J.; LAUGHLIN R. G. W.; SAX S. E.
CANADA DEPT OF ENV CHEMISTRY,
ONTARIO RESEARCH FOUNDATION PROJECT REPORT P-2032/G, APR 30, 76 (152)
SPECIAL REPORT ENERGY ANALYSIS METHODOLOGIES ARE DISCUSSED. APPROACHES
TO GAUGING THE COST EFFICIENCY OF SEVERAL RESOURCE RECOVERY OPTIONS FOR
MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT IN ONTARIO, CANADA, ARE CONSIDERED. DATA RELATING
TO ENERGY COSTS OF RECYCLING NEWSPAPERS, GLASS CONTAINERS, STEEL, ALUMINUM,
AND PLASTICS ARE PROVIDED. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON ENERGY USE IN ONTARIO
INDUSTRIES AND ON CALORIFIC VALUES OF MATERIALS FOUND IN WASTE STREAMS IS
INCLUDED. TOPICS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ARE IDENTIFIED. (20 DIAGRAMS, 2
GRAPHS, 1 MAP, 30 TABLES)
[EGY]
0108161 75-008004
A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO THE ECONOMICS OF WASTE HANDLING,
BRIDGWATER, A. V. ; GREGORY S. A.; MUMFORD C. J.; SMITH E. L.
UNIV OF ASTON, UK,
RESOURCE RECOVERY & CONSERVATION, MAY 75, VI, Nl, P3 (21)
SURVEY REPORT ALL POSSIBLE STAGES AND ALTERNATIVES IN THE RECYCLING,
TREATMENT, TRANSPORT, AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES ARE ANALYZED. TOTAL COSTS OF
ALTERNATIVE WAYS OF RECYCLING, TREATING, OR DISPOSING OF ANY SPECIFIC WASTE
MAY BE CALCULATED BY ADDING UP UNIT COSTS. THE EFFECTS OF NEW LEGISLATION
AND CHANGES IN INDUSTRIAL MATERIAL PRODUCTION IN THE U.K. ARE ALSO
DISCUSSED. (1 DIAGRAM, 2 GRAPHS, 58 REFERENCES, 5 TABLES)
0109420 77-022483
UTILIZATION OF WASTES AS RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE,
SINAI, J. ; ROZEWICZ J.
BET-SHEMESH ENGINES, ISRAEL,
PRESENTED AT ISRAEL ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY 6TH SCIENTIFIC CONF, TEL-AVIV, JUN
4-5, 75, P392 (10)
-------
SURVEY REPORT MATERIAL AND ENERGY RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS
CONSIDERED AS AN ECONOMIC ALTERNATIVE TO THE PROBLEMS OF WASTE DISPOSAL AND
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL ENERGY. PROPOSED IS A RECOVERY SYSTEM CONSISTING OF
A GAS TURBINE AND A HEAT RECOVERY STEAM BOILER IN WHICH THE GAS TURBINE
EXHAUST GASES ARE USED AS AN OXYGEN SOURCE FOR WASTE COMBUSTION. THE
COMBINATION OF WASTE COMBUSTION WITH THE GAS TURBINE EXHAUST HEAT RECOVERY
PROCESS SEEMS TO BE VERY EFFECTIVE BECAUSE IT WOULD ALLOW THE WASTES TO BE
DRIED BY HOT GASES AND THE COMBUSTION TEMPERATURE TO BE INCREASED.
UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES FROM ISRAELI URBAN AREAS COULD SUPPLY
ABOUT 250 MILLION KWH/YR OF ELECTRIC POWER. (1 DIAGRAM, 5 REFERENCES, 1
TABLE)
[EGY]
0104691 76-022434
PROJECTS AND PROCESSES,
PRESENTED AT CONVERSION OF REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST INTL CONF, MONTREUX, NOV
3-5, 75, P513 (24)
SURVEY REPORT AT AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
ENERGY, THE FOLLOWING PAPERS WERE PRESENTED DURING A SESSION ON PROJECTS
AND PROCESSES: ''THE BOSTON NORTH SHORE SYSTEM-A CASE STUDY OF
MULTI-COMMUNITY, PRIVATELY FINANCED REFUSE DISPOSAL AND ENERGY RECOVERY
SYSTEM1' (PANEL DISCUSSION); '"RESIDUES CONVERSION TO CHEMICALS AND
ENERGY11; AND ''RESOURCES RECOVERY BY PYROLYSIS OF WASTE TIRES.11 (3
DIAGRAMS, 4 TABLES)
[EGY]
0104690 76-022433
PLANTS AND PROJECTS,
PRESENTED AT CONVERSION OF REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST INTL CONF, MONTREUX, NOV
3-5, 75, P477 (36)
SURVEY REPORT AT AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
ENERGY, THE FOLLOWING PAPERS WERE PRESENTED DURING A SESSION ON PLANTS AND
PROJECTS: "UTILIZATION OF SOLID WASTE IN NEW YORK: A STATE GOVERNMENT'S
POSITIVE ACTION PROGRAM11; ''ONTARIO RESOURCE RECOVERY PROGRAM1'; ''UNION
ELECTRIC COMPANY'S SOLID WASTE UTILIZATION SYSTEM1'; ''PROCESSING RESIDUES
FOR PROFIT'1; ''TWO CONTROLLED HIGH TEMPERATURE WASTE TO ENERGY PROJECTS'1;
AND ''RESEARCHES ON THE CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES TO ENERGY AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES.1' (6 DIAGRAMS, 1 GRAPH, 3 MAPS, 6 PHOTOS, 5
TABLES)
[EGY]
-------
/ 0104688 76-022431
COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS,
PRESENTED AT CONVERSION OF REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST INTL CONF, MONTREUX, NOV
3-5, 75, P404 (35)
SURVEY REPORT AT AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
ENERGY, THE FOLLOWING PAPERS WERE PRESENTED DURING A SESSION ON COMPARATIVE
ECONOMICS: ''HOW ECONOMIC IS ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE?'1; ''PREPARED VS.
UNPREPARED REFUSE FIRED STEAM GENERATORS1'; " REFUSE MANAGEMENT: THREE
FORMS OF BURNING FOR ENERGY RECOVERY11; ''AN ECONOMIC AND FINANCING MODEL
FOR IMPLEMENTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT/RESOURCE RECOVERY PROJECTS'';
''EAST BAY SOLID WASTE ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM''; AND ''HEAT FROM DOMESTIC
REFUSE: COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS.'•
[EGY]
0104686 76-022429
CITY PROJECTS,
PRESENTED AT CONVERSION OF REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST INTL CONF, MONTREUX, NOV
3-5, 75, P250 (29)
SURVEY REPORT AT AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
,ENERGY, THE FOLLOWING PAPERS WERE PRESENTED DURING A SESSION ON CITY
".PROJECTS: "ENERGY CONVERSION IN NEW YORK11; ''THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
OF THE MONROE COUNTY, NEW YORK, SOLID WASTE RESOURCE RECOVERY FACILITY";
' 'A SOLID WASTE RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE"; "ENERGY
RECOVERY FOR HYDRAPULPING AT HEMPSTEAD''; ''SOLID WASTE FOR POWER
GENERATION FUEL IN A SMALL CITY"; "FUEL FROM LONDON'S REFUSE: AN
EXAMINATION OF ECONOMIC VIABILITY''; AND ''THE ENERGETIC UTILISATION OF THE
COMMUNAL REFUSE ON THE EXAMPLE OF KATOWICE REGION." (4 DIAGRAMS, 4 GRAPHS,
1 MAP)
[EGY]
0104685 76-022428
NEW METHODS OF ENERGY EXTRACTION FROM MUNICIPAL WASTES, PART I,
PRESENTED AT CONVERSION OF REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST INTL CONF, MONTREUX, NOV
3-5, 75, P214 (35)
SURVEY REPORT AT AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
ENERGY, THE FOLLOWING PAPERS WERE PRESENTED DURING A SESSION ON NEW METHODS
OF ENERGY EXTRACTION FROM MUNICIPAL WASTES: "WILL THE CLASSICAL REFUSE
INCINERATION METHOD OF REFUSE DISPOSAL BE SUPERSEDED BY PYROLYSIS?'';
"PYROLYSIS OF DOMESTIC REFUSE WITH MINERAL RECOVERY"; "THE CONVERSION OF
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE TO A LIQUID FUEL BY PYROLYSIS"; "A SLAGGING
PYROLYSIS PROCESS SOLID WASTE CONVERSION SYSTEM FOR BALTIMORE, MARYLAND";
AND "PYROLYZING TEST OF MUNICIPAL WASTE IN JAPAN." (10 DIAGRAMS, 3
GRAPHS, 4 TABLES)
[EQY]
-------
.,104684 76-022427
NATIONAL OR GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT,
PRESENTED AT CONVERSION OF REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST INTL CONF, MONTREUX, NOV
3-5, 75, P125 (48)
SURVEY REPORT AT AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
ENERGY, THE FOLLOWING PAPERS WERE PRESENTED DURING A SESSION ON NATIONAL OR
GOVERNMENTAL INVOLVEMENT: ''IMPACT OF BRITISH LEGISLATION UPON DISPOSAL OF
WASTE11; ''STATUS PAPER ON CONVERSION OF SOLID WASTE TO ENERGY ON THE NORTH
AMERICAN CONTINENT''; ''THE U.S. EPA WASTE-TO-ENERGY STRATEGY'1; ''ENERGY
RECOVERY IN THE UNITED STATES, STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATIONS• '; " ENERGY
RECOVERY FROM WASTES IN CANADA1'; ''PARAMETERS DETERMINING DESIRABILITY OF
REFUSE FIRED STEAM GENERATORS FOR CENTRAL HEATING AND COOLING IN CANADA'1;
AND ''THE CHOICE BETWEEN RECLAMATION AND THE RECOVERY OF ENERGY FROM
WASTE.1' (4 GRAPHS, NUMEROUS REFERENCES, 11 TABLES)
[EGY]
0104681 76-022424
IMPACT OF RECYCLING ON ENERGY CONTENT OF REFUSE,
PRESENTED AT CONVERSION OF REFUSE TO ENERGY 1ST INTL CONF, MONTREUX, NOV
3-5, 75, P28 (39)
SURVEY REPORT AT AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONVERTING REFUSE TO
ENERGY, THE FOLLOWING PAPERS WERE PRESENTED DURING A SESSION ON THE IMPACT
OF RECYCLING ON THE ENERGY CONTENT OF REFUSE: ''RECYCLING: FUNDAMENTALS AND
CONCEPTS11; ''A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR TECHNICAL RECYCLING'1; ''SAVING OF
ENERGY BY RECYCLING OF REFUSE11 (IN GERMAN); ''INFLUENCE OF SEPARATE
COLLECTION ON CALORIFIC POWER OF URBAN SOLID WASTES'"; AND ''SEPARATE
COLLECTION OF HOUSEHOLD REFUSE IN TOKYO.1' (NUMEROUS DIAGRAMS, GRAPHS,
REFERENCES, TABLES)
[EGY]
0101935 75-007248
IN ONTARIO, A MAJOR RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEM TO FIGHT A MAJOR WASTE
DISPOSAL PROBLEM,
WILLIAMSON WES
ONTARIO ENV MINISTRY, CANADA,
ENGINEERING J, MAR-APR 75, V58, Nl, P36 (6)
SURVEY REPORT A PLAN TO PROVIDE IN THREE FIVE-YEAR STAGES ALL THE
FACILITIES NECESSARY FOR COMPLETE RESOURCE RECOVERY TO SERVE AT LEAST 90%
OF THE POPULATION OF ONTARIO PROVINCE IS REVIEWED. THE ONTARIO RECLAMATION
RESEARCH CENTER WILL FIND AND PROVE THE TECHNOLOGY FOR COMPLETE RESOURCE
RECOVERY. SOLID WASTE ENERGY IS BEING CONSIDERED TOGETHER WITH REUSE AND
RECLAMATION. OBJECTIVES IN THE THREE-STAGE PLAN ARE SURVEYED. (3 DIAGRAMS)
[EGY]
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.25368 *78-000516
^JOR SCANDANAVIAN CITIES INCINERATE REFUSE FOR HEAT AND POWER,
CHRISTENSEN HOWARD F.
COUNTY OF MONROE, NY,
SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT, AUG 77, V20, N8, P34 (5)
FEATURE ARTICLE IN SCANDANAVIA, LITTER IS PRACTICALLY NONEXISTANT,
IIVATE ENTERPRISE DISPLAYS A LOW PROFILE IN SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL, HEAT
:COVERY BY INCINERATION IS A WELL-ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGY, AND RESOURCE
1COVERY IS ONLY IN ITS EMBRYONIC STAGES. OPERATIONS AT THE LANDFILL
IRVING KARLSKOGA AND KRISTINEHAM, SWEDEN, AND AT STOCKHOLM'S INCINERATORS
IE DESCRIBED. MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN OSLO AND COPENHAGEN IS
,SO DISCUSSED. (4 PHOTOS)
!NV]
16466 *76-007507
PAN MAKES RAPID PROGRESS IN DEVELOPING STRATEGY FOR SOLID WASTES
NAGEMENT,
HICKMAN, H. LANIER
EPA,
SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT, AUG 76, V19, N8, P40 (3)
FEATURE ARTICLE JAPAN HAS RAPIDLY PROGRESSED IN SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT
CHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES. INCINERATION IS THE PRIMARY METHOD OF MUNICIPAL
STE TREATMENT, AND OTHER GOALS, SUCH AS RESOURCE RECOVERY, ARE BUILT INTO
E INCINERATION SYSTEM. THE RESPONSIBILITY OF INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT FOR
Z-ARDOUS INDUSTRIAL WASTES IS ALSO DISCUSSED. NATIONAL PLANS FOR WASTES
NAGEMENT AND FEDERAL CONSTRUCTION GRANTS ARE DESCRIBED. (1 PHOTO)
NV]
D8159 *75-008002
SOURCE RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTES,
XOSICH RONALD S.
:ANBERRA COLLEGE OF ADVANCED EDUCATION, AUSTRALIA,
SEARCH, APR 75, V6, N4, P120 (7)
TECHNICAL FEATURE MUNICIPAL WASTE IS A COMPLEX MIXTURE THAT VARIES IN
^POSITION AND RATE OF PRODUCTION WITH LOCALITY, SEASONAL CHANGES, AND
:IAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS. THIS COMPLICATES THE APPLICATION OF RESOURCE
:OVERY METHODS, WHICH DEPEND LARGELY ON THE UNIFORMITY OF THE WASTE
PERIALS PROCESSED AND ON THE STABILITY OF THE SUPPLY. HOWEVER, A PLANT
*ECTED TOWARDS RECYCLING METALS FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE WAS RECENTLY OPENED
I OPERATION IN SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, AND IS APPARENTLY SUCCESSFULLY HANDLING
! COMPLEXITIES OF MUNICIPAL WASTES. (1 DIAGRAM, 1 PHOTO, 10 REFERENCES, 6
JLES)
IV]
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.01333 75-001320
J>AN REGAINS OIL FROM WASTE,
OFUSA JUNNOSUKE
NEW YORK TIMES, NOV 7, 74, P78
NEWS REPORT JAPANESE INDUSTRY, WHICH NOW IMPORTS ALL OF ITS OIL, IS
IARCHING FOR NEW TECHNOLOGY TO REGAIN OIL FROM WASTE COMMODITIES AND
.TERIALS OR TO TURN OUT FACTORY PRODUCTS FROM USED ARTICLES. EIGHT MAJOR
TERPRISES ARE EXPERIMENTING WITH RECYCLING PROJECTS. THE LARGE INDUSTRIAL
TY OF OSAKA HAS SET UP A PLANT TO GENERATE ELECTRIC POWER BY BURNING
USEHOLD WASTES.
NV]
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JCENTIVES/DISINCENTIVES
0155113 *87-005070
RESOURCE RECOVERY,
CAROLAN MICHAEL J. ; PHILLIPS W. JOHN ; SHIMELL PAMELA B. ; JOHNSON
BRUCE
GSF ENERGY INC, CA,
WORLD WASTES, JUN 86, V29, N6, P24(6)
JOURNAL ARTICLE FALLING ENERGY PRICES, ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS, AND
FEWER GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES HAVE TAKEN THEIR TOLL ON THE INFANT LANDFILL
GAS RECOVERY INDUSTRY. THIS SECTOR IS FEELING MORE AND MORE PRESSURE TO BE
COMPETITIVE WITH ALTERNATIVE FUELS IN THE FACE OF RISING OPERATING
EXPENSES. OTHER RESOURCE RECOVERY PROJECTS ARE BEING VIEWED AS PRIME
BUSINESS VENTURES BY ENTREPRENEURS. THE VARIOUS ROLES PLAYED BY LOCAL
DEVELOPERS IN DEMONSTRATING THE ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY AND
WASTE REPROCESSING SCHEMES ARE OUTLINED. OPTIONS BEING CONSIDERED FOR SOLID
WASTE ENERGY CONVERSION AND RECYCLING IN THE U.K. AND SWEDEN ARE
SUMMARIZED. TWO LARGE PILOT PROGRAMS, ONE INVOLVING SEMI-AUTOMATED REFUSE
COLLECTION AND THE OTHER INVOLVING DOOR-TO-DOOR COLLECTION OF HAZARDOUS
HOUSEHOLD WASTES, ARE PLENNED FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN LOS ANGELES, CA.
[EGY]
0117357 *79-020605
MARKET ANALYSIS OF RECOVERED MATERIALS AND ENERGY FROM SOLID
WASTE
NTIS REPORT PB-277 143, JAN 77 (219)
SPECIAL REPORT THE EXISTING AND POTENTIAL MARKET FOR MATERIAL AND ENERGY
RECOVERED FOM SOLID WASTE IS DESCRIBED. THE QUANTITY AND COMPOSITION OF
RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL WASTES AVAILABLE FOR MATERIAL AND ENERGY
RECOVERY FROM SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHIC AREAS IN WASHINGTON ARE DETERMINED. MAJOR
RESOURCE RECOVERY PROCESSES ARE ASSESSED FOR THEIR SUITABILITY TO SPECIFIC
WASTE SHEDS IN WASHINGTON. EXISTING MARKETS FOR MATERIAL RESOURCES ARE
IDENTIFIED AND QUANTIFIED, AND THE RESOURCE RECOVERY POTENTIAL OF EXISTING
AND NEW MATERIAL AND ENERGY MARKETS IS EVALUATED. THE MOST IMPORTANT
BARRIERS TO THE GROWTH OF RESOURCE RECOVERY MARKETS IN THE NORTHWESTERN
U.S. ARE CLASSIFIED. RECOMMENDATIONS DEFINING ROLES FOR THE WASHINGTON
DEPT. OF ECOLOGY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESOURCE RECOVERY SYSTEMS ARE
PRESENTED.
[EGY]
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