FOREIGN DOCUMENTS Number 3
ANNOUNCEMENTS
SUMMARIES OF
FOREIGN GOVERNMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
REPORTS
NOVEMBER, 1972
*•
o
z.
Library Systems Branch,
Office of Planning and Management
Office of International Activities
U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Washington, D C 20460
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FOREWARD
Under a series of documents exchange agreements with environmental
agencies in other countries, EPA is building a collection of
environmental reports issued by foreign governments and international
organizations. This is the third in a series of Announcements of
foreign documents received.
The original documents can be obtained through the Library Systems
Branch (see back page for order form). More detailed English
abstracts can be provided when required. Full text translations,
which are expensive, should be requested only when essential for
operation of EPA programs. Translation Services Requisition Form
#1350-1 is used to request translations.
A computerized search system is being developed which will allow
future retrieval of these summaries by:
a. country
b. subject area
air
water
noise
pesticides
radiation
solid waste management
c. type of document
legal/legislative/regulatory
management/planning
scientific/technical
socio-economic
This series, which is devoted to summaries of government reports
and concentrated on the legislative, economic and social aspects,
supplements foreign scientific and technical literature abstracts
covered by other EPA information services:
APTIC
SWIRS
PIC
NOISE
Ultimately, EPA plans to assemble a major collection of foreign
government environments documents and to develop several approaches
to the dissemination of this information to EPA staff. This
announcement of documents received is the first step.
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AIR
Article/Source Title: "The War on Pollution:
Desulphurization of Fuels and Fuel Gases" by
Pierre LeMoine. euro spectra (Scientific and
Technical Review of the European Communities),
Vol. XI, No. 1
Date/Place of Publication: March 1972,
Brussels, Belgium
Pages: 8-n Language: English
Source Repository: LOG
Pollution due to the presence of sulphur
in domestic and industrial effluents raises
serious problems -- more serious, perhaps, than
those due to traffic in towns. The author men-
tions the two processes generally used to re-
duce the ground level sulphur content of dis-
charges and three methods which may be used to
reduce sulphur emissions during combustion.
The latter includes: reduction of the sulphur
contents of the fuels, i.e., fuel oils (partic-
ularly heavy residues) and coal; alteration of
the energy production cycle by initial gasifi-
cation of the fuel (a rich gas can then be de-
sulpherized before use in a turbine-boiler
system), and; desulpherization of the combus-
tion gases and sulpherous gas emissions by the
dry or wet route. All of .these latter techni-
ques are still under development, making avail-
able data inexact from both the technical and
cost standpoint.
Code
ContvoI
LJo. SO-175
Czecho- Article/Source Title: "Typical Features of
Slovakia Modern Instruments for Air Pollution Measure-
ment" by J. Tuma. Ochrana ovzdusi (Preserva-
tion of the Atmosphere)
Date/Place of Publication: July 1972, Prague
Page: 102 Language: Czech
Source Repository: LOG
This briefxarticle discusses automobile
emissions measurements made in the USA and con-
siders the applicability of such procedures in
Czechoslovakia.
Code
Control
No. SO-176
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AIR
Czecho- Article/Source Title: "Calculating Air Pollu- Code
Slovakia tion Level to be Expected in Lower Layers Due
to Emissions from Several Sources" by J. Control
Cerny. Ochrana ovzdusi (Preservation of the No. SO-177
Atmosphere)
Date/Place of Publication: July 1972, Prague
Pages: 103-105 Language: Czech
Source Repository: LOG
One of the criteria applied in determining
whether or not to approve the construction of
proposed industrial plants, with their associ-
ated emissions, is the effect they will have
upon the immediate environment. In 1968, the
State Committee for Investments, responsible
for Czech industrial site selection, standard-
ized the means for estimating the pollution
degradation expected as a result of emissions
from the new plant. This article outlines a
refinement of the existing methodology, based
upon six research projects associated with
power plants. Calculations include existing
and projected sources of pollution, the average
number of windy days per year, and wind velocity
and direction. Using these factors as inputs,
it is possible to predict pollution concentra-
tions and their average duration at various
points in a given area.
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AIR
Czecho- Article/Source Title: "Effects of Vertical
Slovakia Configuration of Terrain upon Turbulent
Diffusion" by J. Zeleny. Ochrana ovzdusi
(Preservation of the Atmosphere)
Date/Place of Publication: July 1972, Prague
Pages: 99-102 Language: Czech
Source Repository: LOG
The article discusses extensive observa-
tions of turbulent diffusion phenomena in
lowermost atmospheric layers over undulating
terrain. The vertical configuration of land is
characterized by a macroroughness coefficient
and air flow velocity was measured with a pro-
pellor anemometer. The experiments confirm
that slightly undulating terrain differs little
from flat grounds, whereas, rough terrain differs
substantially. The experimental research was
carried out by the Kopisty meteorological
station of the Physical Institute of the Czech
Academy of Sciences.
Code
Control
No. SO-178
Czecho- Article/Source Title: "Results of 5-Year. Ac-
slovakla tivities of State Technical Inspectorates for
Air Pollution in Slovakia" by J. Ohajsky-
Ochrana ovzdusi (Preservation of the
Atmosphere)
Date/Place of Publication: July 1972, Prague
Pages: 97-98 Language: Czech
Source Repository: LOG
Regional inspectorates for air pollution
control, subordinate to a central inspectorate
in Bratislava, have been formed in Slovakia.
As a result of their investigations, remedial
actions called for fell into two categories:
(1) corrective measures which could be taken
immediately, requiring no special installations
and not calling for large amounts of money or
time, and; (2) those measures requiring recon-
struction, new systems and substantial capital
investment. Subsidies from Air Pollution Funds
were provided in some cases where the invest-
ments required were beyond the means of the
company concerned. No new plant can be built
or put into work in Slovakia without the ap-
proval of the regional inspectorate.
Code
Control
No. SO-179
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AIR
Czecho- Article/Source Title: "Continuous.Measurement
Slovakia of Solid Particle Concentration in Emissions
and Imissions" by K. Spurny. Ochrana
ovzdusi (Preservation of the Atmosphere)
Date/Place of Publication: August 1972, Prague
Pages: 113-116 Language: Czech
Source Repository: LOC
The article deals mainly with methods and
instruments used to measure concentrations of
solid particles which have been described in
literature from 1967-1971. Modern methods
based on radioactive radiation absorption are
discussed in detail. Methods and devices in-
troduced prior to 1967 are described only
briefly.
Code
Control
No. SO-180
Czedho- Article/Source Title: "Air Pollution by Coking
Slovakia Plants" by M. Hercik and J. Kondelka.
Ochrana ovzdusi (Preservation of the Atmo-
sphere)
Date/Place of Publication: August 1972, Prague
Pages: 121-124 Language: Czech
Source Repository: LOG
The authors use data from literature and
available measurements to estimate mean values
of emissions (flue dust, etc.) from individual
stages of the coking process. Amounts are
standardized on the constant of one ton of dry
coal.
Code
Control
No. SO-181
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AIR
East Article/Source Title: "Evaluation of Air Filters
Germany by Energy Consumption" by I. Nietzold et al.
Ochrana ovzdusi (Preservation of the Atmo-
sphere)
Date/Place of Publication: July 1972, Prague
Pages: 106-112 Language: Czech
Source Repository: LOG
The article is a study of the operation of
various types of air filters according to effec-
tiveness in the several parameters of filtration
and demands of energy. It attempts to define
the optimal amount of energy needed for filtra-
tion. Included are numerous formulae, graphs
and diagrams.
Code
Control
No. SO-182
East Article/Source Title: "The Holderbank Centri-
Germany fugal Grader for Granulometric Dust Analyses"
by W. Rieger et al. Ochrana ovzdusi (Preser-
vation of the Atmosphere)
Date/Place of Publication: August 1972, Prague
Pages: 117-120 Language: Czech
Source Repository: LOG
The article deals with the principles, de-
sign and function of a centrifugal dust grader,
analyzing factors which determine the machine's
efficiency- Experiments carried out with quartz
sand help determine optimal analytical procedures,
Code
Control
No. SO-183
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AIR
France Aptiole/Souroe Title: "Atmospheric Pollutipjj-~ Code •-- -••-•;-
in the Paris Region (IJanuary 1970-31 DecepbejS">,
1970)" by T. Bourelly. Cahiers Du Cent're~~7~""" Control
Scientifique Et Technique Du Batiment (Papers £ No. SO-184
of the Scientific and Technical Center for -_«-,..
Construction), No. 120, Cahier 1:0,38 .- .
Date/Place of Publication: Juri^I^lV" Paris'"
Pages: 1-10 LangwEtge;:.-:?.French_ _ y~
Source Repository: LOG •:.'-:-.-...,' :/./:•-. ?-~.:\-~ ~
The author, chie_f~Q_f -the A.tmp§p;he_ric:-pol-
lution Division o£.£^& ,-^¥^ei^ _&-:d&pa&^ re- ,
port on the level of rbl-aclc -smoke and Jt-i^h,-..
acidity pollution in the Paris area for,;,tjie_- year
1970. During the cold season, a 27 percent re-
duction in black smoke pollution was observed,
compared to the four previous years,; wii.ile:the
level of high-acidity pollution wars- close --to -the
four-year average. , i-z j -r^._••"" ."
Analysis of pollution devel-oppignt 'Qye'r./the:>.
last five years shows a steady decreasie, Jn Jzhe-. -_, ':
level of black smoke pollution and- very wide -_.r: -r,-r.
variations in the level of high-acidity;~Ti'i
vmich no significant trends emerged. --Despite
the growing volume of pollutants emitted-jXe.g;, _ •
an increase of 22 percent in high-acidity pol-
lutants emitted through the combustion of fuel .
oils over the past five years), the_overall pol-
lution level has tended to decline. This can
only be explained by favorable meteorological
conditions. Numerous graphs and charts are
included.
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AIR
France Article/'Source Title: "Anti-air Pollution
Activities of E.D.F." Interview with M.A.
Robin, E.D.F. Director. Pollution Atmo-
spherique (Air Pollution)
Date/Place of Publication: April-June 1972,
Paris
Pages: 137-139 Language: French
Source Repository: LOG
Anti-pollution devices are more effective
for thermal plants using coal than they are for
those using fuel oil which produces sulphur
dioxide. Anti-pollution devices are discussed
as is electricity produced by water power and
nuclear power. The relative lack of danger of
radioactivity from the latter is touched on;
the advantages of nuclear power; electrically-
powered vehicles and heating are discussed.
Code
Contro1
No. SO-185
France Article/Source Title: "Anti-air Pollution
Activities of Gaz de France." Interview
with M. Emile Vuillemin, Director, Gaz de
France. Pollution Atmospherique (Air Pollu-
tion}
Date/Place of Publication: April-June 1972,
Paris
Pages: 142-144 Language: French
Source Repository: LOG
Since 1971, when the last gas manufactory
was closed in Belfort, natural gas, which con-
tains no toxic elements nor pollutants (par-
ticularly sulphur), has been used throughout
France. Its advantages for clean air are dis-
cussed, contrasted with gas produced with the
use of charcoal, coke and tar. The use of
liquified gas for vehicle fuel and American ex-
periments with it are touched upon.
Code
Control
No. SO-186
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AIR
Franae Article /Source Title: "Viewpoint of Equipment Code
Manufacturers." Interview with M.J.P. Wallner,
President, Chambre Syndicale des Fabricants de Control
materiel de chauffage central, radiateurs et No. SO-187
chaudieres en fonte. Pollution Atmospherique
(Air Pollution).
Date/Place of Publication: April-June 1972,
Paris
Pages: 149-151 Language: French
Source Repository: LOG
Mr. Wallner discusses the various means of
household heating and their respective advantages.
He describes the improvements made in heating
equipment to reduce pollution and the relative
pollution (sulfur oxide, hydrogen oxide) from
individual heating units and large central units.
The article touches upon the standards being
worked on for equipment'by France and the
European Common.Market and the preventive and
maintenance measures to be taken by consumers.
Research being undertaken in the laboratories
of various organizations.
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A I
France Article/Source Title: "Viewpoint of Automobile Code
Manufacturers." Interview with M. Erik
d'Ornhjelm, President, Chambre Syndical des Control
Constructeurs d1Automobiles. Pollution Ho. 50-188
Atmospherique (Air Pollution)
Date/Place of Publication: April-June 1972,
Paris
Pages: 152-154 Language: French
Source Repository: LOG
The massive use of automobiles has created
pollution problems. Principal pollutants
emitted by automobiles are carbon monoxide,
burned hydrocarbons, hydrogen oxides, etc.
Hydrocarbons (in themselves practically non-
toxic) become toxic when mixed with hydrogen
oxides under a hot sun. Manufacturers would
like the Common Market countries to set standards
for "environmental air". Established standards
are being adhered to in France. Car manufacturers
in the past 12 years have reduced the emission of
carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons by 20%, a further
reduction of 40% is envisioned for this year, and
a further reduction of some 10% for hydrocarbons
and 20% for carbon monoxide by 1974. The American
situation, particularly that of California, is
compared. Car manufacturers are working on adjust-
ments to gasoline engines, the use of diesel
engines and electric automobiles.
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AIR
France Article/Source Title: "Pollution Caused by Auto- Code
mobiles and Its Prevention." Interview with
M.G. Gallienne, President, Comite National Control
d'Action pour L'Assainissement de 1'Atmosphere. No. SO-189
Pollution Atmospherique (Air Pollution)
Date/Place of Publication: April-June 1972,
Paris
Pages: 155-156 Language: French
Source Depository: LOG
The National Action Committee for Cleaning
up the Air was established on 6 April 1962 to
study and implement all appropriate measures for
determining, limiting and reducing air pollution.
For instance, it operates mobile laboratories for
measuring air pollution; contributes toward en-
suring collaboration between automobile manu-
facturers, the petroleum industry, and automobile
parts manufacturers; and provides information to
consumers. Air pollution in Paris due to carbon
oxide has declined by some 40% since 1967 and is
now below 1960 levels. Since 16 August 1965, the
Committee has been working on a common front
through a protocol agreement with the Association
for the Prevention of Air Pollution and the Anti-
Pollution Technical Action Committee which is
primarily interested in industrial and home heat-
ing pollution. At present, Paris, where traffic
has increased 56% between 1963 and 1971, is the
main concern.
10
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AIR
France Art-vole/Source Title: "Automobiles and Pol- Code
lution." Interview with M. Frybourg,
Director, Transport Research Institute Control
(I1Institute de Recherche des Transports). No. 50-190
Pollution Atmospherique (Air Pollution)
Date/Place of Publication: April-June 1972,
Paris
Pages: 159-162 Language: French
Source Repository: JjOC
A French program has been instituted to de-
fine norms for emissions from vehicles under
conditions compatible with current technology
and public health. A European regulation (No. 15)
deals v/ith pollution. Four pollutants are of
concern today: carbon monoxide, various hydro-
carbons, hydrogen oxides, and lead. Theii* cumu-
lative effects on mankind are considered. Dif-
ferent pollution policies are needed for dif-
ferent parts of Europe; the American situation
(particularly Los Angeles) is discussed in con-
trast. The amelioratory measures of engine
modification, new types of automobile engines,
and reduction of lead content of gasoline are
discussed. The Research Institute is studying
the relation between various levels of pollu-
tion, the speed and output of emissions by
vehicles in city centers, and measures whereby
pollution can be diminished in these areas. The
O.C.D.E., serving as an international consultant
for technical and economic recommendations on
which decisions incumbent on each country are to
be based, has established a Committee on Environ-
ment which is preparing a study on the impact of
motorized vehicles on the environment which is to
be presented in one year.
11
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AIR
France Article/Source Title: "Citroen's Position." Code
Interview with M.M. Clavel, General Delegate,
S.A. Automobiles Citroen. Pollution Atmo- Control
spherique (Air Pollution) No. SO-191
Date/Place of Publication: April-June 1972,
Paris
Pages: 163-165 Language: French
Source Repository: LOG
With respect to noise, water and air pollu-
tion, the situation in France is better now than
it was in the 19th century. France is fortunate
in that small cars are used; pollution increases
in proportion to the number of cylinders. The
government has imposed regulations on automobile
manufacturers since 1960 with respect to their
manufacture, acceptable levels of monoxide, re-
covery of gaseous emissions, and engine modifica-
tions. Franco-German initiative in the last 3-4
years in the UN Commission for Europe has led to
European regulations limiting the volume of
carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. It is diffi-
cult to reduce hydrogen oxide levels without rais-
ing those of hydrocarbons. Citroen, more than any
other company, has been concerned with thermo-
dynamics: compression, turbulence, carburization,
ignition, within the realm of electronic injection.
Due to cost/efficiency factors, this is inapplicable
to all vehicles and, therefore, for general public
use. Automobile manufacturers have researched for
the long run , engines using non-conventional
sources of power: turbines, steam and electricity.
Citroen has concentrated on electric-powered
vehicles and by 1980 hopes to produce a reliable
and non-polluting vehicle.
12
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AIR
France Article/Source Title: "Automobile Pollutants Code
and the Quality of the Air in Cities." Inter-
view with Prof P. Chovin, Director, Central Control
Laboratory of the Prefecture of Police No. SO-192
Pollution Atmospherique (Air Pollution)
Date/Place of Publication: April-June 1972,
Paris
Pages: 172-176 Language: French
Source Repository: LOG
Mr. Chovin describes the pollutants emitted
from vehicles which are harmful to humans. Those
which directly affect health include carbon
monoxide, hydrogen oxides, aldehydrides resulting
from incomplete oxidation of gasoline, polycyclic
hydrocarbons of the benzo(a)pyrene type, and lead.
Incombustible hydrocarbons produce indirect
effects on the eye mucous and plants through
"oxidant photochemical smog." The Central Labora-
tory maintains systematic surveillance on the
quality of air in Paris; carbon monoxide has been
selected as the representative pollutant. Police
procedure is described and tables of air pollu-
tion (carbon monoxide, hydrogen oxides and lead)
are presented for Paris for the year 1971 and for
the strike period, 5-14 October 1971. The 2 August
1961 law is applied to fight against pollution.
Regulations which set standards for smoke opacity,
hydrocarbon levels, and those for carbon monoxide
and incombustible hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide
have been adopted to limit emissions from auto-
mobiles. They correspond to Regulation Mo. 15 of
the UN Economic Commission for Europe. The action
program, better known as the Frybourg Report (pre-
pared by a work party of administrative experts
and representatives of the big French automobile
manufacturers) set two objectives: establish
norms for air quality and set rigorous and non-
exceedable limits on emissions for the next 15
years. The steps toward achievement of these
objectives are described; cost factors are
discussed.
13
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AIR
France Article/Source Title: "Action of A.P.P.A. Code
Regional Committees." Interview with Dr.
M. Sommer, Secretary General of the Control
Marseilles-Provence Committee. Pollution No. SO-195
Atmospherique (Air Pollution).
Date/Place of Publication: April-June 1972,
Paris
Pages: 177-180 Language: French
Source Repository: LOG
This article briefly relates the history
of regional committees and the organization,
structure and financing of the Marseilles
Committee. One of its roles is to awaken the
population to pollution problems by providing
educational information. A detection network,
consisting of 21 stations has been established
for the Marseilles area for purposes of measur-
ing pollution levels. Analyses are made by
the Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, the Toxi-
cology Laboratory of the Pharmacy Faculty, and
cooperation has been established with the
Meteorology and with the Medicine and Pharmacy
Faculty. The role of regional committees is
defined as measuring and informing to protect.
Rough estimates of the levels of pollution are
provided for Marseilles; comparisons are made
with those of Paris. The Marseilles Committee
also measures pollution created by the new in-
dustrial 'zone of Fos. A Permanent Secretariat
for Industrial Pollution Problems for the Fos/
Etang de Berre zone, subordinate to the Prefect
for the region, has been established at the
instigation of the Mines Service. It is to
study pollution problems, inform the public and
coordinate with government action. The Committee
has proposed that an epidemiclogical study be
made of a sample of the local population to
determine the effects of pollution on respiratory
illnesses, particularly chronic bronchitis, and
that pollution maps of Aries, Salon and Meramas
be prepared — areas which may be affected by
industrial pollution in the future.
14
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AIR
France Article/Source Title: "The General Problem of Code
Air Pollution." Interview with Prof. Henri
Moureau. Pollution Atmospherigue (Air Pollu- Control
tion) No. SO-194
Date/Place of Publication: April-June 1972,
Paris '
Pages: 131-133 Language: French
Source Repository: LOG
The article deals with the activities,
history and authority of the Comite d1Action
Technique centre la Pollution de 1'Air (Com-
mittee for Technical Action against Air Pollu-
tion) , which has five working groups which
deal with the biological and toxicological
effects of air pollution, characterization and
physico-chemical composition of pollutants, dif-
fusion of pollutants in the air, purification
of combustibles and industrial wastes, purifica-
tion of vehicle exhaust. The committee works on
four levels: control and research, education,
propaganda and regulations.
15
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AIR
France Article/Source Title: "Regulations Applicable Code
to Automobiles." Interview with M. Osselet,
Charge, Traffic and Roads Directorship, Control
Ministry of Equipment and Housing. Pollution No. SO-195
Atmospherique (Air Pollution)
Date/Place of Publication: April-June 1972,
Paris
Pages: 157-158 Language: French
Source Repository: LOG
Article R239 of the Road Code provides that
anyone violating the regulations may be fined 40
to 60 francs and may be imprisoned for 8 days for
successive offenses. The Code provides that
vehicles .must be maintained in the same condition
as when manufactured. Checks are made to assure
that prototype vehicles submitted to the Mine
Service conform to the regulations. Emissions of
diesel engines must conform with standards set for
opacity; this is controlled by police anti-
nuisance brigades. Prototypes of gasoline-powered
vehicles must conform in three ways: (I) crank-
case emissions must not exceed 0.15% en the weight
of the amount of the combustible used; (II) when
slowing down, the level of carbon monoxide must
not exceed 4.5%; (III) the quantities of carbon
monoxide and hydrocarbons emitted in a European
cycle must not exceed certain standards. I and
II have been in effect for several years. Ill
has been partially applicable since 1 October 1971
and is in effect for all new vehicles after
1 September 1972.
16
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France Article/Source Title: "Progress Made in the Code
Cement Industry." Interview with M.
Baudelaire, Director, Scientific and Techni- Control
cal Services, National Syndicate of Cement No. SO-196
and Lime Fabricators. Pollution Atmospherique
(Air Pollution)
Date/Place of Publication: April-June 1972,
Paris
Pages: 181-183 Language: French
Source Repository: LOG
Mr. Baudelaire briefly describes the cement-
making process and provides production figures.
He states that dust produced by the manufacture
of cement is not noxious, consisting mainly of
decarbonated argilo-limestone. It has a ferti-
lizer effect on nearby plants and no silicosis
cases have been noted among personnel in the
industry. Because the population has now closed
in on the once isolated cement plants, measures
which are strictly enforced have been instituted
to reduce the emission of pollutants. A recent
study defines the dust levels from gaseous wastes
to be 150 mg/Nm^ for normal operations and 1 gram
maximum for dust removal for a limited time.
Height of chimneys is calculated on the basis of
Ig/Nm^ so that the. dust in the environment does
not exceed the maximum tolerance under normal
operation. Other emissions are limited to 150
mg/Nm^. The problems of existing plants must be
studied individually. The cost of modernizing to
conform to pollution standards is high; 10-12 per-
cent of the cost is subsidized by the government;
the rest is born by the industry. Sample cost
figures are provided. The main problem is that
costs are not recoverable through increased prices
for cement. A map locating cement plants in
France and providing information on production
capacity of these plants is provided..
17
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Italy
Article/Source Title: "Analysis of Different
Solutions for Reducing City Pollution"~6aused
by Motor Cars" by M. Medici. Revue !de l|a
Federation Internationale de 1'Automobile
(International Federation of Automobile
Review)
Date/Place of Publication: September-October
1971, Rome
Pages: 146-165 Language: Italian
Source Repository: LOG
The article discusses standards proposed
for limiting motor car emissions and then
examines such solutions as recirculation of ex-
haust, carburator adjustments, modifications in
fuel supply, controlled combustion, and such.
Code
Control
No. SO-197
Japan
Article/Source Title: "Japan-U.S. Joint Refinery
Dedicated in Okinawa." CHER: Chemical Economy
and Engineering Review
Date/Place of Publication: May 1972, Tokyo
Page: 62 Language: English
Source Repository: LOG
A modern oil refinery, financed jointly by
Japanese and American capital, has been dedicated
on Heianza Island, off the main island of Okinawa.
Included in the installation is a 38,000 barrel-
per-day Gulf Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) unit
which can reduce the sulfur content in residual
fuel to less than 1 percent, making it acceptable
to pollution-conscious governments, including
Japan. Special attention has been given to
pollution control. Provisions have been made
for oily water and rain run-off from the process,
utility, and tankage areas and a safeguard
against atmospheric pollution provided in the
form of a central tripod heat-stack with a stack
exit 145 meters above sea level.
Code
Control
No. SO-193
18
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Japan Article/Source Title: Selected Science and Code
Technology Items from Japanese Press, July
1972. Deptf of State Airgram No. "A^930 Control
Date/Place of Publication: 31 August 1972, Up. SO-199
Amembassy, Tokyo
Pages: 5-8 Language: English
Source Repository:_ LOC-FRD
Osanori Koyaina was sworn in as the new State
Minister and Director General of Environment Agency
on July 7th.
In a landmark ruling, the Tso District Court
found six firms of a petrochemical complex jointly
responsible for contaminating the air in the Yokkaiclii
Area. The court ruled that the six defendent firms
must jointly bear the responsibility, even though the
amounts of pollutants discharged by each differed.
Provisional emission standard for Polychlorinated
Biphenyl (PCB) in plant effluents has been set at 0.01
ppm or less by the Environment Agency with local
governments ordered to enforce the standard.
The Environment Agency has completed a survey of
warm water waste from power plants.
Japan Industrial Machinery Industry Association
has announced that the production of pollution control
equipment in FY 71 totaled $970 million, a 54.3% in-
crease over FY 70. Of this, $402 million was for air
pollution control equipment, $450 million for waste
water treatment equipment, and $110 million for waste
disposal facilities.
Niigata Engineering Company has developed a plastic
waste disposal device capable of recycling plastic waste
into building material.
The Tokyo Governor proposes that the Metropolitan
Pollution Control Ordnance be revised in September to
make the installation of exhaust gas reducing devices
compulsory on all car's in Tokyo with an engine capacity
over 1,200 cc. If approved, carbon monoxide would be
reduced by one-half and hydrocarbon by one-third of
1965 levels.
Tax incentives are being considered for pollution-
free car developers.
The Environment Agency, after a four-month study,
reports that almost all major rivers, bays and lakes
in Japan are contaminated by toxic chemicals.
19
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Japan
Article/'Source Title: Japan Times
Date/Place of Publication: 1 August 1972, Tokyo
Page: 16 Language: English
Source Repository: EPA
An editorial in the Japan Times states that
the central and local governments are competing
for the initiative in the war against automobile
exhaust emissions. The most forceful move to
date is the Transport Ministry's plan to enforce
controls over hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides
beginning next April. The plan is based on a
proposal submitted a year ago by the advisory
Transport Technology Council. The means of ac-
complishment, however, has yet to be decided
upon. Currently- four methods of depolluting
exhaust fumes are under consideration; adjustment
of ignition timing, recirculation of exhaust
gases, water jet and catalytic afterburner. The
author believes that the Transport Ministry's
plan, with all its gaps, is scientifically
realistic, compared to the Tokyo and Yokahama
ordnances.
Code
Control
No. SO-200
Japan
See GENERAL (Japan) — Control No. SO-221
Code
Peoples
Republic
of China
See GENERAL (Peoples Republic of China) —
Control No. SO-222
Code
Poland Article/Source Title: "Determining Qualitative
and Quantitative Parameters of Flue Dust in
Various Stages of Technological Processes"
by S. Jarzebski. Ochrana ovzdusi (Preservation
of the Atmosphere)
Date/Place of Publication: August 1972, Prague
Page: 125 Language: Czech
Source Repository: LOG
The author remarks on the different pol-
lutant levels in various stages of the steel
process. Particular attention is paid to a new
Atlas of pollution published in Poland which con-
siders the metal industries and has 300 maps with
information on types of pollution from Polish in-
dustries .
20
Code
Control
No. SO-201
-------
AIR
Switzer-
land
See WATER (Switzerland) — Control No. 213
Code
USSR
See WATER (USSR) — Control No. 214
Code
West Article/Source Title: Umweltschutz:
Germany Luftreinhaltung Larmbekampfung (Environment
Protection: Clean Air, Abating Noise) by
Dr. Gerhard Feldhaus.
Date/Place of Publication: 1971, Cologne
Pages: 508 Language: German
Source Repository: LOG
This publication contains all Federal regu-
lations pertaining to the prevention of air and
noise pollution, dealing mainly with directives
contained in the Special Emission Control Law
and the Industrial, Transportation, Space-
regulation and Planning, Civil, Penal, and Tax
Laws. It also includes the more important Land
(State) Emission Control Directives, particularly
the Emission Control Laws and their Implementation
Regulations and extracts from the Land Construction
Regulations.
Appendices include: the Declaration of the
European Council on Fundamentals of Keeping the
Air Clean; VDI (Society of German Engineers)
Guideline 205S - Determination and Abating In-
dustrial Noise (July 1960); Directives of the
Federal Minister of Health for Determining Appro-
priateness and Installation of Continuous Emission
Recording Equipment in Firing Installations
(19 September 1968); Announcement of the Minister
of Interior concerning the Appropriateness of
Measuring Instruments for Continuous Recording
of Emissions (29 July 1970); and the Procedures
for Obtaining ERP Credits for Construction of Air
Purification Installations (9 December 1963).
Code
Control
No. SO-202
21
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NOISE
Switzer- See WATER (Switzerland) — Control No. 213 Code
land
USSR Article/Source Title: "Hygienic Characteris- Code
tics of Transportation Noises on the Basic
Major Highways of Karaganda" by V.A. Tokarev. Control
Zdravookhraneniye Kazakhstana (Public Health No, SO-205
of Kazakhstan) No. 6
Date/Place of Publication: June 1972, Alma Ata
Pages: 10-11 Language: Russian
Source Repository: LOG
A study was conducted to examine the noise
conditions of 22 major highways in the city of
Karaganda in order to present recommendations
for reducing the level of transportation noise.
Questionnaires were given to 2075 inhabitants
of apartment dwellings along the noisiest streets
and measurements made of the transportation
noise, together with a study of the spectrum of
the transportation flow. Most noise complaints
were directed aginst the noise from trucks, motor
cycles and motor bikes. The maximum level of
noise, lOOdb, was recorded on streets used pri-
marily by trucks, in places where traffic jammed
up because of narrow sections of roadway, and at
maj or intersections.
Analysis of the spectrum of transportation
noise showed that the maximum accoustical energy
is found in the low (63 cps) and middle (500 cps)
frequency ranges. The composition of traffic
flow is important in the formation of the accous-
tic spectrum. When the spectrum is changed by in-
creasing the number of cargo trucks which have
diesel engines, the middle frequency range changes
which leads to an increase in the damage done by
noise. It was recommended that streets be widened;
screening buildings, such as shops, theaters, etc.,
be built in front of apartment buildings; the curb
lane widened, and; shrubs and trees planted between
the curb and sidewalk.
22
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USSR
NOISE
Article/Source Title: V poiskakh tishiny (In
Search of Silence) by V Chudnov
Date/Place of Publication: 1971, Moscow
Pages: 127 Language: Russian
Source Repository: EPA
The book is an attempt to popularize.con-
cepts of noise pollution from the point of view
of its harmfulness to health and tendency to de-
crease effectiveness of work and relaxation. It
considers noise from industry, transportation,
general background noise, and characteristics of
noise from groups of-people.
Code
Control
Ho. SO-204
USSR
West 3
Germany
See WATER (USSR) — Control No. 214
See AIR (West Germany) — Control No. 202
Code_
Code
PESTICIDES
Denmark See WATER (Denmark) — Control No. SO-210
'Finland See WATER (Denmark) — Control No. SO-210
Sweden See WATER (Denmark) — Control No. SO-210
Code_
Code_
Code
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RADIATION
Czeeho- Article/Source Title: "Radioactivity of Water Code
Slovakia in the Environs of the Jaslovske Bohunice
Nuclear Power Station before Its Entering Control
Service" by S. Csupka. Vodni hosppdarstvi No. SO-205
(Water Economy)
Date/Place of. Publication: July 1972, Prague
Pages: 183-185. Language: Czech
Source Repository: * EPA
The article details the systematic measure-
ment of radioactivity in water in the area of
the Jaslovske Bohunice nuclear power station in
1968-1970. The higest activity of artificial
beta fission products was found in Senec Lake
(12 pCi/liter) where there is an extremely
low water exchange rate.
France See AIE (France) — Control No. 185 . Code_
SOLID WASTE
France See WATER (France) — Control Nos. SO-211 and Code_
SO-212
24
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SOLID WASTE
Japan Article/Source Title: "Tokyo's Garbage War."
Japan Quarterly
Date/Place of Publication: April-June 1972,
Tokyo
Pages: 125-129 Language: English
Source Repository: LOG
Tokyo, already plagued with existing head-
aches over air pollution and photochemical snog,
is now facing another crisis in the form of
garbage disposal. It is estimated that by 1975,
Tokyo's daily garbage output will double to
approximately 25,000 tons per day, the equivalent
of New York City's present output. Tokyo's present
systems of disposal, incinerators and landfills,
will soon be unable to cope with the problem. At
present, 30 percent of the garbage is burned in
garbage disposal plants and 70 percent used as
fill-in. Of particular concern to authorities
is the marked increase in plastic waste.
Faced with citizen ground swell against land-
fill sites, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government has
decided to eventually rely entirely on disposal
plants to incinerate garbage. At present, however,
there are only 10 such plants and Governor Minobe,
who won reelection two years ago with an unprece-
dented 3,600,000 votes, is having difficulty in
persuading the people to accommodate to additional
plants. The Setagaya plant, apparently a model
plant, disposes of 1,000 truckloads of garbage each
day, is equipped with modern and efficient anti-
pollution devices, and generates heat to provide.
hot water for the old people's homes in the areas.
Code
Control
U SO-206
Japan
Peoples
Republic
of China
See AIR (Japan) — Control No. SO-199
See GENERAL (Peoples Republic of China) —
Control No. SO-222
Code_
Code
25
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SOLID WASTE
Switzer- Article/Source Title: Landwirtschaftliche
land Klarschlamm-Verwertung (Agricultural Use of
Treated Sludge) published by Abfallstoffen
im Pflanzenbau an der EAWAG. A. Nr. 4185
Date/Place of Publication: 1971, Dubendorf
Pages: Language: German
Source Repository: EPA
This publication is a compilation of papers
given at a meeting held 30 June to 2 July
(Dubendorf, Switzerland?). The two major
subjects dealt with: Recovery of Treated
Sludge and Utilization of Treated Sludge in
Agriculture.. Underlying the need for the meeting,
or basic course, as it was called, are the facts
that: (1) this waste matter does exist; (2) it
has to be disposed of in some manner, and (3) it
can be put to some profitable agricultural use
if properly processed. Because knowledge con-
cerning point (3) was not widely known, it ivas de-
cided that a meeting should be held at which '
papers would be presented and discussions held
concerning the utilization of treated waste in
agriculture. Attendees were from Switzerland,
Germany, and Liechtenstein. Among the things
brought out at the meeting was the fact that there
are real dangers of biological poisoning brought
about by the lack of knowledge and the failure to
follow proper procedures in processing and utiliz-
ing sludge.
Code
Control
No. SO-207
Switzer-
land
See WATER (Switzerland) -- Control No. 213
Code
26
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SOLID WASTE
West Article/Source Title: "Low-Cost Process Puts Code
Germany New Fire into Slurry Burning" by Tony Horse.
The Engineer Control
Date/Place of Publication: 29 June 1972, No. SO-208
London, England
Page: 27 Language: English
Source Repository: LOG
A process for the combustion of solids
slurries developed by Wintershall Aktiengesell-
schaft, German Federal Republic, can be used
with any type of furnace and utilizes a nev.'ly-
designed burner and a single homogenizing
punip. After four-years experience with the
process, the company claims a 50 percent reduc-
tion in capital cost and more than 55 percent
in operating costs, compared with conventional
processes. It is intended for use with bulk
acid and hydrocarbon or oily wastes, but sewage
treatment could be another outlet. The
Wintershall installation handles 85 percent of
the waste produced by the refinery and has been
in operation for four-years without repair or
maiatenance. Details of the process are given.
27
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To: Headquarters Library
From:
Office : Room #
Subject: Requests for Foreign Exchange Documents
Please send me the following items abstracted in
the Summaries of Foreign Government Environmental Reports
dated :
Control No. Language
------- |