EPA-600/2-76-129
luly 1976
Environmental Protection Technology Series
OIL SPILL AND
OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
May 1975-July 1975
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Off fee of Research
U.S. Environmental Protean Agenfcf
Cincinnati, Onto 45268
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further development and application of
environmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
TECHNOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and
demonstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent
environmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This
work provides the new or improved technology required for the control and
treatment of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tioo Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/2-76-129
July 1976
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
May 1975 - July 1975
by
Floyd A. DeWitt, Jr., Penelope Melvin, and Robin M. Ross
Marine Science Institute
Unversity of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
Grant No. R803063
Project Officer
J. S. Dorrler
Oil & Hazardous Materials Spills Branch
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory-Cincinnati
Edison, New Jersey 08817
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory-Cincinnati, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify
that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of
trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
11
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FOREWORD
When energy and material resources are extracted, processed,
converted, and used, the pollutional impact on our environment and
even on our health often requires that new and increasingly more
efficient pollution control methods be used. The Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati (IERL-CI) assists
in developing and demonstrating new and improved methodologies that
will meet these needs both efficiently and economically.
This report is one of a series on oil spills. It cites current
events, literature, research patents, and other material relevant to
oil pollution abatement and is published in an abstract format on a
quarterly basis. As such, it serves as a reference document for those
interested in oil spills and oil pollution control. These reports
are part of the continuing program of the Oil & Hazardous Materials
Spills Branch, IERL-CI, to assess the environmental impact of oil
spills and to help in providing the methodologies and tools to prevent
spills and to minimize their effects when they do occur.
David G. Stephan
Director
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati
iii
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ABSTRACT
The May 1975 - July 1975 Oil Spill and Oil Pollution
Reports is the fourth quarterly compilation of oil pollution
report summaries.
The following topics are included in the report:
a) Summaries and bibliographic literature citations;
b) Current status of some of the research projects
as listed in previous reports;
c) Summaries of additional current research projects;
and,
d) Patent summaries.
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA Grant
No. R803063 by the Marine Science Institute, University of
California, Santa Barbara, California, under the sponsorship
of the Environmental Protection Agency.
iv
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CONTENTS
Page
Abstract iv
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction x
Sections
I Publications and Reports
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Reporting 1
2. Monitoring 7
3. Remote Sensing 14
4. Sampling 18
5. Analysis 21
B. Oil Pollution Control
1. Containment 43
2. Cleanup and Recovery 49
3. Restoration 68
C. Effects of Oil Pollution
V. Biological Effects 69
2. Physical Effects 104
3. Social Effects 105
4. Economic Effects 107
5. General Effects 110
D. Oil Pollution Prevention
1. Design and Engineering 115
2. Oil Handling 118
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(cont'd) Page
D. 3. Waste Water Treatment 126
4. Personnel Training and Education 136
5. Regulations, Standards and Planning i38
6. Research 145
E. Effects of Oil Prospecting and Production
1. Biological Effects 149
2. Physical Effects 151
3. Chemical Effects 152
4. Social Effects 153
5. Economic Effects 155
6. General Effects 156
F. Fate of Oil in the Environment
1. Biological Degradation 169
2. Physical Changes 180
3. Chemical Changes 184
4. General Fate of Oil 186
G. Oil Pollution Legislation
1. State Legislation 190
2. National Legislation 192
3. International Legislation 196
4. Foreign Legislation 199
H. Bibliographies 200
II Current Status of Some of the Research Projects Listed in
Previous Reports
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Monitoring 2Q2
2. Analysis 205
vi
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(cont'd) Page
B. Oil Pollution Control
1. Cleanup and Recovery 206
C. Effects of Oil Pollution
1. Biological Effects 208
2. General Effects 211
D. Fate of Oil in the Environment
1. Biological Degradation 212
E. Legal Aspects of Oil Pollution 215
III Current Research Projects
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Monitoring 216
2. Remote Sensing 219
3. Analysis 222
B. Oil Pollution Control
1. Containment 228
2. Cleanup and Recovery 230
C. Effects of Oil Pollution
1. Biological Effects 234
2. Physical Effects 242
3. Chemical Effects 243
4. General Effects 244
D. Oil Pollution Prevention
1. Design and Engineering 245
2. Waste Water Treatment 246
3. Personnel Training and Education 249
4. Research 250
5. Regulations, Standards and Planning 252
vii
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(cont'd) Page
E. Effects of Oil Prospecting and Production
1. Biological Effects 254
F. Fate of Oil in the Environment
1. Biological Degradation 255
2. Physical Changes of Oil in the Environment 256
3. General Fate of Oil in the Environment 257
IV Patents
A. United States Patents 258
B. Foreign Patents 286
Topic Cross Reference 310
Appendix 313
via
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank Ms. Yvonne Pommerville for
/
typing the camera-ready copy of Oil Spill' and Oil Pollution Reports.
Her untiring efforts have been an inspiration to us all. Suggestions
for improvement of the format or content will be gratefully received.
IX
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INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the "Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports" series is to
present a concise, comprehensive information source on oil pollution
events, current research and oil pollution related publications. This
is the fourth quarterly edition of "Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports."
Included are bibliographic citations and summaries of articles from the
scientific and technical literature (Section I), the status and results
of Current Research Project entries listed in previous reports (Section
II), additional Current Research Projects (Section III), and oil
pollution related patents (Section IV).
The sources of the bibliographic citations and summaries of articles
presented in Section I are scientific, technical and abstract journals.
A list of the periodicals reviewed is provided in the appendix. The
summarized material is grouped according to subject and then arranged
alphabetically by senior author within each subject division.
Section II lists Current Research Project entries appearing in previous
reports and includes descriptive project information provided upon request
by the principal investigators and/or performing organization. All reports
and publications are entered in summary form. The entries in Section II
are not complete in that status information is not given for all research
projects listed in previous reports. Some responses to request letters
were not received prior to publication date. At the end of each entry,
the name and address of the project information source are given.
Current Research Project summaries (Section III) are grouped according
to subject and then arranged alphabetically by senior principal investi-
gator within each subject division. Some of the Current Research Projects
listed in previous Oil Pollution Reports have been recently renewed.
These projects have been relisted and are headed by the same serial number
as originally reported, followed by the word (Renewal). All the research
project information was obtained from the Smithsonian Science Information
Exchange (SSIE).
Patent summaries are divided into United States and foreign subsections
and arranged alphabetically by inventor in each section. All patent
information is obtained from abstract journals. Illustrations of United
States patented devices are obtained from the U.S. Patent Office Official
Gazette.
All report entries are serialized. Each section has its own number
series. The serial numbers in this report are a continuation of the
numbering system appearing in Reports I, II, and III. The letters
preceding the serial numbers designate the following sections: C, citations
from the literature; R, research projects; P, patents. Many of the entries
can be included under more than one subject heading. Following each summary
are listed any other topics under which the entry can be categorized A
subject cross index is provided at the end of the report
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SECTION I. PUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. REPORTING
C-788-74
BIG LEAKER
Anonymous. 1975.
National Fisherman 56(1):20-A.
The 560 ft. Cypriot tanker, "Athenian Star," dumped 500,000
gallons of oil in the mid-Atlantic, half due to rough seas
tearing off a bow plate and half to overcome a list. Later,
2200 barrels were dumped off the New Hampshire coast.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-789-74
HOW THE COAST GUARD SAVED A SHIP, ITS CARGO AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Anonymous. 1975.
Ocean Industry 10(3):56-57.
The Coast Guard quickly pumped large quantities of oil from a
Liberian tanker, "Aeolus," which sank near New York. The pumping
floated the vessel and it was towed to safety. A few years ago,
salvage would have been left to the owners, resulting in a time
delay that would increase the chances of the ship breaking up and
polluting the area.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-790-74
(no title)
Anonymous. 1975.
Ocean Oil Weekly Report 9(33):1.
Reported are the findings of Dames & Moore Consulting firm con-
cerning the proposed offshore Southern California oil and gas
lease sale, as stated during a three-day public hearing in early
May, 1975. The firm estimated the maximum potential average
spillage from petroleum industry operations offshore Southern
California to be about 50 bbls per day, contrary to the spillage
of 227 to 318 bbl/day estimated by the Bureau of Land Management
in its draft environmental statement.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
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C-791-74
TANKSHIP ACCIDENTS AND RESULTING OIL OUTFLOWS, 1969-1973
Card, J. C-, P. V. Ponce, and W. D. Snider. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 205-213.
Statistics on the occurrence of breakdowns, collision, explosions,
fire,groundings, ranmings, and structural failures in 3,183
accidents during 1969-1973 are presented. The consequences of
these accidents and data on ship size, age and location are
tabulated. Once analyzed, the data should be useful in evaluating
preventive measures and risks entailed with oil transport.
Research
Oil handling
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-792-74
RESIDENCE TIME OF NON-METHANE HYDROCARBONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE
Duce, A., G. Quinn, and L. Wade. 1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(4):59-61.
Data on global hydrocarbon production and concentration in the
atmosphere in marine and non-urban areas are reviewed. Atmospheric
residence times of these hydrocarbons are estimated.
Citation Source: Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental
Pollutants. 1975. 4(3). Entry #3042.
C-793-74
VLCC 'METULA1 OIL SPILL
Hann, R. W., Jr. 1974.
Final Report, USCG-CG-D-54-75, Contract DOT-CG-42444-A. 69 p.
The report reviews: the history of the oil spill caused by the
grounding of the "Metula" in the Straits of Magellan, Chile,
August, 1974; deposition of oil on the shore; impact of oil on
the shore; comments regarding containment feasibility, cleanup
or stabilization.
General effects of oil pollution
Biological effects of oil pollution, Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975. 75(6)
Entry #AD/A-003 805/9GA.
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C-794-74
IT'S TIME TO STOP KILLING THE OCEANS
Kamlet, K. S. 1975.
National Wildlife 13(3):19-21.
The author discusses the critical problem of the unloading of
waste materials, including oil, acids, arsenic, mercury and
other hazardous chemicals, in U.S. Coastal waters. The biological
effects of waste contamination are outlined; regulation of ocean
dumping is discussed.
Regulations, standards and planning
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-795-74
SPILLAGES FROM OIL INDUSTRY CROSS-COUNTRY PIPELINES IN W. EUROPE:
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF REPORTED INCIDENTS 1972
King, E. M., and P. Rogier. 1974.
Stichting CONCAWE. Report 1/74. 16 p.
In Western European oil pipelines, spillage was only -006% of the
total oil transported and most spills were cleaned up within one
week. The spills in 1972 from oil industry pipelines did not lead
to the pollution of potable waters.
Oil handling
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(2).
Entry #75-01973.
C-796-74
THE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD'S POLLUTION INCIDENT REPORTING
SYSTEM: ITS USE IN PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Leotta, J., and W. A. Wallace. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 201-204.
The Pollution Incident Reporting System (PIRS) contains information
as to where and when the discharge occurred, the type of operation
in progress, the cause of the spill, cleanup response and penalty
actions. PIRS helps to evaluate the effectiveness of the Marine
Environmental Protection Program.
Research
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
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C-797-74
JAPANESE OIL SPILL HAS WIDE REPERCUSSIONS
McAbee, M. K. 1975.
Chemical and Engineering News 53(22):13.
The Japanese oil spill accident, occurring December, 1974, in
which 270,000 bbl of heavy fuel oil were released into the
compounds of Mizushima refinery and into Mizushima Harbor, is
reported. The physical and financial dimensions of the spill
are discussed and the massive cleanup effort is described.
Physical effects of oil pollution
Economic effects of oil pollution
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-798-74
THE AGE OF THE OILBERG
Mostert, N. 1975.
Audubon 77(3):18-43.
A report of the oil spill disaster of the Shell supertanker,
"Metula," which went aground in the Strait of Magellan on
August 9, 1974, is given. A discussion of the events following
the accident and the effects of oil pollution from VLCC's on the
world's oceans is presented.
Biological effects of oil pollution
General effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-799-74
CAUSES OF POLLUTION IN A SHALLOW ALMOST LAND-LOCKED GULF
Noye, B. J., and R. G. Taaffe. 1974.
Australian Marine Science Bulletin 46:15-16.
Among the sources of pollution in Spencer Gulf are untreated
effluent, zinc, arsenic from the smelters and oil spills Oil
is considered to be the major potential source of pollution.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2002.
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C-800-74
PETROLEUM IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Ocean Affairs Board, National Research Council. 1975.
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 56(1):4-6.
An estimate of the total quantity of petroleum hydrocarbons
entering the ocean today is provided and the sources of inputs
are listed. Input from tankers, terminal and ship operations
represent the major sources of accumulation of petroleum, both
in the ocean and along coasts. The fate of petroleum in the
sea, biodegradation and uptake of hydrocarbons by organisms are
discussed.
General fate of oil in the environment
Biological degradation
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-801-74
MASSIVE OIL SPILLAGE IN BANTRY BAY
O'Sullivan, A. J. 1975.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 6(l):3-4.
On October 21, 1974, a massive oil spill of 2600 tons occurred
in Bantry Bay. Dispersants, gulley emptiers, peat moss, straw
and skimmers were used to retrieve the oil. Damage was limited
due to calm weather, the non-use of dispersant to clean the
rocky shores and the minimal presence of seabirds due to the
time of year. The herring fishery may suffer, however.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Economic effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-802-74
OIL SPILLS: CAUSES, QUANTITIES, SOURCES - THE MAGNITUDE OF
THE PROBLEM
Porricelli, J. D. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 3-6.
The current sources of oil pollution in the marine environment
are discussed, with the contribution to the oil pollution problem
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by tankers emphasized. Means for reducing the probability of
oil spillage from tankers such as Segregated ballasting,double-
side, double-bottom design and traffic control systems are
suggested.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-803-74 , ' ,
RUSSIAN SURVEY
Rich, V. 1974. ' - '
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(12.):179-180.
The results of the 1972-1973 research expedition of the
"Shkval" in the North Atlantic reveal high levels of petroleum
products, detergents and mercury. Areas of concentration are
due both to the site of discharge and to oceanic circulation.
Sampling
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-804-74
OIL POLLUTION AT THE GEULHEM PUMPING WORKS
Schellekens, G. A. D. 1974.
H20 (Rotterdam) 7(8):140-143.
In October, 1972, drinking water originating from the Geulhem
pumping works, The Netherlands, was reported to be polluted.
An investigation revealed that the ground water pollution was
caused by a leaking underground oil tank in the area of the
water source. The necessity of intensive control in areas
around water sources is stressed.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control
1974. 6(9). Entry #3237.
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2. MONITORING
C-805-74
OIL IN MARINE ORGANISMS AND SEDIMENTS: SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL
METHODS
Anonymous. 1974.
IOC-UNESCO, WMO, U.S. Department of Commerce. Petroleum Marine
Pollution Symposium, May 13-17, 1974. p. 89-126.
\
Ten papers are presented discussing various marine pollution
sampling and monitoring methods for measuring levels of
petroleum contamination in organisms and sediments.
Analysis
Sampling
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry #75-01551.
C-806-74
SAMPLING METHODS AND TECHNIQUES: OIL SLICKS, TAR BALLS, AND
PARTICULATES
Anonymous. 1974.
IOC-UNESCO, WMO, U.S. Department of Commerce. Petroleum Marine
Pollution Symposium, May 13-17, 1974. p. 1-26.
Nine papers are presented which deal with various methods and
techniques to monitor oil spills, tar balls and particulate
pollution in the oceans. Oil sampling apparatus and techniques
are evaluated.
Sampling
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry #75-01548.
C-807-74
STANDARDS AND INTERCOMPARISON CRITERIA
Anonymous. 1974.
IOC-UNESCO, WMO, U.S. Department of Commerce. Petroleum Marine
Pollution Symposium, May 13-17, 1974. p. 69-78.
The importance of standard procedures and criteria in monitoring,
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analyzing and determining the fate of oil in the marine environ-
ment is considered in six papers.
Analysis
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry 175-01550.
C-808-74
SURVEILLANCE AND DETECTION
Anonymous. 1974.
National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills,
San Francisco, 1974. p. 251-313.
Nine papers are presented which describe the techniques for
detecting and monitoring hazardous materials spills. The steps
in a program for prediction, control and recovery of toxic
substances spreading in subsurface waters are described.
Bioluminescence, analytical chromatography, crude static bioassay
and immobilized enzyme product are some methods and materials
used to detect and monitor spills.
Analysis
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(4).
Entry #75-02829-
C-809-74
SHIPBOARD OIL-IN-WATER CONTENT MONITOR BASED ON SMALL ANGLE
FORWARD LIGHT SCATTERING
Batutis, E., R. Boericke, and H. Sadjian. 1974.
Final Report, USCG-32-75, Contract DOT-CG-32370A. 123 p.
The real-time shipboard oil-in-water content monitor uses the
concept of spatial filtering of small angle forward scattering
laser light to allow discrimination of oil particles only. A
test program involving the detector-performance of the monitor,
and studies of the effects of oil types, mixtures, concentrations,
salinity, solids, air and detergents are described in this report.
Design and engineering
Waste water treatment
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975. 75(6).
Entry #AD/A-003 863/8GA.
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C-810-74
SHIPBOARD OIL-IN-WATER CONTENT MONITOR BASED ON LIGHT SCATTERING
AT NINETY DEGREES
Bochinski, J. H., and A. R. Hansen. 1974.
Final Report, USCG-D-49-75, Contract DOT-CG-34170-A. 132 p.
An oil-in-water monitor for shipboard applications consists of
a sample handling system designed to remove suspended solids from
the sample stream and to homogenize the oil to uniform droplet
size, and a nonfouling scattered light sensor. The monitor
response is linear from 0 to 200 ppm oil concentration.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(6). Entry #AD/A-003 854/7GA.
C-811-74
MARINE OIL SPILLS:
A PROBLEM IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Bradley, P. G. 1974.
Natural Resources Journal 14(3):337-359.
The author used an economic model to consider ways to remedy
the oil spill problem, in particular the 35% of the total oil
spilled from ocean transported petroleum and offshore production
sources. The model indicates that total elimination is unlikely
due to the unpredictability of oil spills, and that detection is
an important function because in many spills, only the responsible
operator is aware of the spill.
Analysis
Citation Source:
Petroleum Abstracts.
Entry #201,218.
1975. 15(8).
C-812-74
PHOTOMICROGRAPH TECHNIQUES FOR CHARACTERIZATION AND MONITORING
OIL WASTE STREAMS
Churchill, R. J. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 79-85.
Photomicrograph techniques can be used to assess the success of
existing facilities for waste water treatment, and to provide
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rational design data for oil-water separation systems. Examples
of treatment efficacy and waste water characterization are given
for tanker ballast, stormwater runoff and process waste waters.
Waste water treatment
Analysis
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-813-74
OIL POLLUTION ALONG THE INDIAN COASTLINE
Dwivedi, S. N., and A. H. Parulekar. 1974.
IOC-UNESCO, WMO, U.S. Department of Commerce. Petroleum Marine
Pollution Symposium, May 13-17, 1974. p. 157-161.
Studies have been conducted to determine the areas, seasons and
intensity of deposition of tar balls which wash ashore along
Indian beaches. The tar balls have been found tc originate from
oil wastes and ship spillage discharged by passing ocean-going
ships.
Analysis
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry #75-01558.
C-814-74
A GAS LIQUID GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE IDENTIFICATION
OF SOURCES OF OIL POLLUTION
George, A. E., G. T. Smiley, D. S. Montgomery, and H. Sawatzky.
1973.
Canadian Department of Energy and Mines Resources Research Report
R267. p. 1-15.
The development of a two-step gas chrpmatographic fingerprinting
technique for the identification of oil pollution sources is
reported. The method has been applied to oil spills from Arrow
and Irving Whale to demonstrate the method's potential usefulness,
Analysis
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control
1974. 6(5). Entry #1700.
10
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C-815-74
IN-SITU DETECTION OF OIL SLICKS UTILIZING DIFFERENTIAL EVAPORATION:
PHASE I FEASIBILITY STUDY
Horvath, R. 1974.
Final Report, ERIM-103900-5-P, Environmental Research Institute
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, CG-4241.2/11. 101 p.
An empirical-analytical investigation to determine the feasibility
of applying an evaporative technique for in-situ detection of oil
slicks is described.
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Marine Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #057698.
C-816-74
OIL POLLUTION DETECTION, MONITORING AND LAW ENFORCEMENT,
QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT, AUG, 1974
Horvath, R. 1974.
E74-10027; NASA-CR-140740; ERIM-101800-14-P.
No author-identified significant results are contained in this
report.
Citation Source: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
1975. 13(4). Entry #N75-13343.
C-817-74
A CANADIAN VIEW OF MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Inhaber, H. 1975.
Environmental Science and Technology 9(3):206-209.
The Smithsonian Institution tabulated data on pollution monitoring
programs around the world. An Environment Canada scientist
discusses Canada's strengths and weaknesses in light of the world-
wide data. For example, Canadian programs form 1/6 or more of
world programs for the measurement of petroleum hydrocarbons.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-818-74
VALUE OF OIL POLLUTION MONITORING IN MARINE ORGANISMS
LaRoche, G. 1974.
IOC-UNESCO, WMO, U.S. Department of Commerce,Petroleum Marine
Pollution Symposium, May 13-17, 1974. p. 142-143.
The author reports that two requirements are necessary to monitor
11
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petroleum products that enter the marine environment: there must
be monitoring of relevant tainting of products so as to identify
harmful fractions, and a range of biologically or aesthetically
tolerable concentrations of tainting products must be determined.
Economic effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry #75-01553.
C-819-74
AN OPTIMAL PREVENTION AND DETECTION MODEL FOR POLLUTION PATROL
Olson, D. G., and 6. P. Wright. 1973.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Spills, Washington,
D.C., 1973. p. 145-152.
This paper presents a flight scheduling model for sensor equipped
aircraft for the detection and prevention of harbor and coastal
oil and hazardous material pollution. The objective of the model
is to maximize the expected number of pollution incidents detected
per pollution flight. Input parameters required for the model are
described.
Remote sensing
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(1). Entry #112.
C-820-74
TAR BALLS IN THE SEA; A NEW SOURCE CONCEPT
Sweet, W. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th, Houston, 1974. Preprints
Vol. 1. p. 651-655.
Tar balls found in most of the oceans originate from human
activities and natural seepage. A new source concept is developed
in this paper concerning the amount of natural hydrocarbon seepage
into the marine environment. The author contends that natural
seepage could actually account for a major portion of the tar
balls found in marine waters.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-821-74
LOCAL AREA POLLUTION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS: A SUMMARY OF THE COAST
GUARD'S RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES
White, G. P., and A. V. Arecchi. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution
Francisco, 1975. p. 123-127.
12
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The Coast Guard has concentrated on developing and evaluating
oil pollution sensors as a first step in establishing local
area pollution surveillance systems. The basic operating
characteristics of remote sensors and in situ sensors are
explained. The next step is to establish sensor site selection
procedures.
Remote sensing
Research
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-822-74
IGOSS MARINE POLLUTION MONITORING PILOT PROJECT
Zachariason, R. A. 1974.
NOAA-74111803-3.5 p. Included in Mariner's Weather Log 18(6):
370-373.
A worldwide system for monitoring petroleum in the oceans is
scheduled to begin in January, 1975. The classes of pollutants
include oil slicks, tar balls, tar on beaches and dissolved
hydrocarbons in surface waters. The aim of this pilot project
is to develop the organization and experience necessary to
coordinate marine pollution monitoring.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(4). Entry #COM-74-90018-ll-03/GA.
13
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3. REMOTE SENSING
C-823-74
REMOTE SENSING OF OIL POLLUTION BY ULTRAVIOLET FLUORESCENCE
Campbell, C. E. 1973. .
Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Annual
Technical Symposium, 1973. Vol. 27. p. 85-90.
The advantages of ultraviolet fluorescence as a more sensitive
technique in detecting oil pollution than UV or visible
photography are demonstrated.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(5). Entry #1726.
C-824-74
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL AIRBORNE LASER REMOTE SENSING
SYSTEM FOR THE DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF OIL SPILLS
Fantasia, J. F., and H. C. Ingrao. 1974.
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 9th,
Ann Arbor, 1974. Vol.3, p. 1711-1745.
Laser-excited oil fluorescence can be used to detect and classify
oil spills. The study compared laboratory and N? laser remote
sensor measurements of fluorescence properties of oils and oil
slicks on the sea surface. The system is limited by the conditions.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(6).
Entry #200,601.
C-825-74
CRUDE AND REFINED PETROLEUM OIL STRUCTURED LUMINESCENCE SIGNATURES
INDICATED BY UV LASER OR LAMP AND THEIR REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS
Gross, H. G., and M. Muramoto. 1974.
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 9th,
Ann Arbor, 1974. Vol. 3. p. 1747-1759-
The structured luminescence spectra of 10 virgin crude oils and
one refined fuel oil were produced. The as-measured spectra had
one principal peak; spectrally corrected spectra have two or more
peaks and a wider range. Oil spills could be mapped and classified
using as few as four broad band photometer channels.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(6)
Entry #200,602.
14
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C-826-74
A PRACTICAL OIL SENSOR
Kambu, G. S., Jr. 1974.
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 9th,
Ann Arbor, 1974. Vol. 3. p. 1685-1694-
A two-wavelength active monostatic infrared sensor detects
anomalous dispersion in petroleum products. The ratio of the
reflected power at the two wavelengths is proportional to
reflectivity but independent of range and surface roughness.
Performance has no dependence on weather, time of day, oil type
or oil thickness.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(6).
Entry #200,599.
C-827-74
THE APPLICATION OF SPECTROMETRIC AND POLARIZATION TECHNIQUES
FOR REMOTE SENSING OF OIL ON SEA WATER
Kondraty'ev, K. Ya., A. A. Buznikov, D. V. Pozdnyakov, J. A.
Ivanyan, and G. A. Lakhtanov. 1974.
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 9th,
Ann Arbor, 1974. Vol. 3. p. 1793-1802.
Using a hand-held spectrograph RSS-2, a polarimeter and two
cameras operating in four spectral regions, complex data on the
optical properties of a sea surface polluted with an oil film can
be gathered. The investigators determined the optimal spectral
intervals and polarization regimes to get contrasting pictures
of oil films.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975.. 15(6).
Entry #200,598.
C-828-74
OIL SLICK DETECTION BY X-BAND SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR
Kotlarski, J. R., and H. R. Anderson. 1974-
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 9th,
Ann Arbor, 1974. Vol. 3. p. 1775-1790.
The two cases of oil slick detection using x-band real time
synthetic aperture radar were both concerned with small slicks
(0.2 to 0.6 km2), calm seas and wind speeds of less than 5 kt.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(6).
Entry #200,603.
15
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C-829-74
FLIGHT EVALUATION OF U.S. COAST GUARD AIRBORNE OIL SURVEILLANCE
SYSTEM
Maurer, A., and A. T. Edgerton. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 129-141.
The multisensor airborne system has the capabilities of detecting,
mapping and documenting oil spills at sea in all kinds of weather
and at all times of day. The surveillance data gathered during
the test were from natural seeps, controlled oil spills and
routine shipping. Testing revealed each sensor to be "blind
under certain environmental conditions, reaffirming the necessity
of a multisensor system.
Monitoring
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-830-74
A STUDY OF A DUAL POLARIZATION LASER BACKSCATTER SYSTEM FOR
REMOTE IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF WATER POLLUTION
Sheives, T. C. 1974.
NASA-CR-140665, RSC-53. Contracts NGL-44-001-001, DOT-CG-34017-A.
148 p.
Analytical models describing the backscatter from smooth surface
turbid water were used to identify and measure subsurface water
turbidity and oil on water. Ground observations and remote
observations of water quality are compared.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975. 75(5).
Entry #N75-10563.
C-831-74
REMOTE MEASUREMENTS OF WATER POLLUTION WITH A LIDAR POLARIMETER
Sheives, T. C., J. W. Rouse, Jr., and W. T. Mays, Jr. 1974.
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 9th,
Ann Arbor, 1974. Vol. 3. p. 1695-1708.
Laser backscatter field measurements from natural waterways can
be used to observe water quality parameters such as turbidity
suspended soils and transmittance. With the use of analytical
models describing backscatter from turbid water and oil on turbid
water, the dual polarization laser backscatter system can measure
oil spills on water.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975 15(6)
Entry #200,600.
16
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C-832-74
PREDICTION OF THE FRAUNHOFER LINE DETECTIVITY OF LUMINESCENT
MATERIALS
Watson, R. D., W. R. Hemphill, T. D. Hessin, and R. C. Bigelow.
1974.
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 9th,
Ann Arbor, 1974. Vol. 3. p. 1959-1980.
The luminescence of crude and refined oils, crude oil films,
oil shales, phosphate, effluents and in vivo chlorophyll was
quantified at six Fraunhofer lines. The luminescence of
petroleum stimulated by the sun is detectable with the Fraunhofer
Line Detector.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(6).
Entry #200,604.
17
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4. SAMPLING
C-833-74
OIL IN WATER: SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS
Anonymous. 1974. .
IOC-UNESCO, WMO, U.S. Department of Commerce.Petroleum Marine
Pollution Symposium, May 13-17, 1975. p. 27-68.
Ten papers are presented on various methods for sampling and
analyzing the effects in water of oil slicks due to accidental
spills. Techniques for monitoring and measuring hydrocarbon
content in aqueous systems are evaluated.
Analysis
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry #75-01549.
C-834-74
MEASUREMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF NONVOLATILE HYDROCARBONS IN
THE OCEAN. PART I. MEASUREMENTS ON ATLANTIC, MEDITERRANEAN,
GULF OF MEXICO AND PERSIAN GULF
Brown, R. A., T. D. Searl, J. J. Elliott, P. H. Monaghan, and
D. E. Brandon. 1974.
AID.1DJB.74, EPR.4EX.74 MA-RD-900-75009. 221 p.
Water samples were taken from tankers and oceanographic research
vessels. Petroleum derived hydrocarbons are found in locations
where petroleum input is likely, i.e. along tanker routes.
Analysis
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(3). Entry #COM-74-11634/4GA.
C-835-74
EVALUATION OF THIN FILM OIL SAMPLERS
Chang, W. J., and W. A. Saner. 1974.
Marine Technology Society, Proceedings, 1974. p. 909-920.
Tests were conducted on four prototype thin film oil samplers to
evaluate their operational characteristics, efficacy and ability
to maintain the chemical integrity of samples. All four samplers
18
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utilized an oleophilic sorbent as the oil collecting medium and
two samplers also utilized a surfactant to aid in oil collection.
Analysis
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #071907.
C-836-74
THE ALERT BAY OIL SPILL: A ONE-YEAR STUDY OF THE RECOVERY OF
A CONTAMINATED BAY
Green, D. R., C. Bawden, W. 0- Cretney, and C. S. Wong. 1974.
Canada. Marine Sciences Directorate. Pacific Region. Pacific
Marine Science Report 74-79. 46 p.
Alert Bay was visited five times during the year following
heavy contamination by an oil spill to observe natural degradation
of the oil and the ecological effects of the oil. Biodegradation
by bacteria was the major mechanism of changing the oil's chemistry;
90 to 95% of the oil was degraded after one year. No permanent
effects on the biological community were observed.
Biological degradation
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(2).
Entry #75-01644.
C-837-74
DEVELOPMENT OF A FIXED SITE SURFACE FILM OIL SAMPLER
LeVantine, A. D., and D. L. Curtis. 1974.
'Special Reports, NTIS Report AD-784 106/7WP. 101 p.
An oil sampler design for surface oil collection from a known
surface area of water during a finite sampling interval was
examined and evaluated. The design system consists of a weir to
provide a self-adjusting means of skimming surface water at a
rate determined by a screw pump, and a sorbent material placed
between the weir and the pump to collect the oil.
Cleanup and recovery
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(4).
Entry #75-03120.
19
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C-838-74
QUANTITATIVE SAMPLING OF PELAGIC TAR IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC, 1973
Sleeter, T. D., B. F. Morris, ana J. N. Butler. 1974.
Deep-Sea Research 21(9):773-775.
Pelagic tar has been quantitatively collected in the western
Sargasso Sea and the eastern North Atlantic. Heyerdahl observed
exceptionally large amounts of tar in 1969 and 1970; Langmuir
currents may have concentrated the tar into windrows.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
20
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5. ANALYSIS
C-839-74
INCIDENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
IN THE WATER ENVIRONMENT
Andelman, J. B., and J. E. Snodgrass. 1974.
CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 4(l):69-83.
The analysis, origin, source and transport of PAH (polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons), the removal of PAH, and the possible
health (carcinogenic) effects are considered. One of the most
carcinogenic PAH, 3,4-Benzopyrene, is the dominant example.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(2).
Entry #75-01459.
C-840-74
NEW LAB METHODS IDENTIFY OIL SPILL ORIGINS
Anonymous. 1975.
World Oil 180(l):in-112,114.
Gas chromatography produces a detailed profile of an oil's
components. Weathering may change this profile, however. A
fluorescence spectrophotometer identifies and measures unaffected
aromatic compounds, adding more sensitivity to the task of
comparing spill material to fingerprint files.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(9).
Entry #201,633.
C-481-74
OIL SPILL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
Anonymous. 1974.
Interim Report, CGR/DC-31/74, USCG-D-41-75. 96 p.
The U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center has developed
a system for forensic identification and classification of oil
spills. The system includes sampling and sample transmittal
procedures and the following four techniques: infrared and
fluorescence spectroscopy, gas chromatography and thin-layer
chromatography. The success of the system in identifying the
sources responsible for oil spills is discussed.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(6). Entry #AD/A-003 803/4GA.
21
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C-842-74
TAR BALLS AND PARTICULATE MATTER: ANALYTICAL METHODS
Anonymous. 1974. .
IOC-UNESCO, WMO, U.S. Department of Commerce.Petroleum Marine
Pollution Symposium, May 13-17, 1974. p. 127-141.
Of the passive fingerprint methods available for the identi-
fication of oil and oil spill origins, the method of field
ionization mass spectrometry is reported to be most effective.
Methods for estimating the modern oil pollution of the North
Atlantic are presented.
Monitoring
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry #75-01552.
C-843-74
MULT I-FREQUENCY RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF FOAM AND A MONO-
MOLECULAR SLICK
Au, B., J. Kenney, L. U. Martin and D. Ross. 1974.
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 9th,
Ann Arbor, 1974. Vol. 3. p. 1763-1773.
"Measurements have been made of a surf zone and ocean region
where roughness was suppressed by an artificial monomolecular
slick." The existence of the slick on the ocean surface had the
same effect as a decrease in surface roughness. Various foam
measurements are given.
Physical effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: International Aerospace Abstracts. 1975.
15(5). Entry #A75-17208.
C-844-74
PROCESS CHROMAT06RAPHY FOR THE SELECTIVE MEASUREMENT OF HYDRO-
CARBONS IN THE SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION [English summary]
Ball, H., and F. Mueller. 1974.
Siemens-Zeitschrift 48(9):622-625.
The measurement of environmental hydrocarbon pollutants in the
parts-per-billion range is made with the use of a process
chromatograph combined with a storage system. The method of
hydrocarbon measurement is outlined.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10)
Entry #63713y.
22
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C-845-74
DETERMINATION OF THE THICKNESS OF PETROLEUM FILMS ON WATER
Barger, W. R., D. R. Sherard, and W. D. Garrett. 1974.
AD-786 353; NRL-MR-2883. 18 p.
Two devices have been developed to determine the thickness of
petroleum films on water, both of which collect oil from a known
surface area and weigh it. One device uses polyurethane foam
discs on an open-ended cylinder to absorb oil; the other device
is a hydrophilic Teflon sheet which removes thin layers of oil
from water on contact. The Teflon sheet is useful for oil
identification and analyses because of its chemical inertness.
Citation Source: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
1975. 13(6). Entry #N75-15207.
C-846-74
THE DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AT THE UG/L
LEVEL IN WATER BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Bellar, T. A., and J. J. Lichtenberg. 1974.
EPA-670/4-74-009. 31 p.
The details of the design, construction and use of an apparatus
to quantitatively analyze volatile hydrocarbon and chlorinated
hydrocarbon solvents in water are presented. The method can be
used for organic compounds with less than 2% solubility in water
and that boil below 150°C, and is useful in water pollution
prevention.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(3). Entry IPB-237 973/3GA.
C-847-74
WATER AND WASTE WATER CHEMISTRY
Blangetti, M., D. Donnert, and S. H. Eberle. 1974.
Report, KFK-1969-UF. 124 p.
Investigations in pollution chemistry in 1972 and 1973 are
reviewed. One of the topics is mineral oils on Lake Constance.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(20).
Entry #128919s.
23
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r R48-74
SOLUBILITY BEHAVIOR OF NO. 2 FUEL OIL IN SEA WATER
Boehm, P. D. 1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(7):101-105.
The solubility of No. 2 fuel oil in seawater was examined using
gas chromatography. Several hydrocarbon components (accommodated,
solubilized and soluble) were present in the mixtures.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18).
Entry #115711.
C-849-74
RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF OIL AND GREASE SPILLS FROM PULP AND PAPER
MILLS BY INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Bogatie, C. F. 1974.
TappI 57:130-134.
An infrared absorbence ratio tree for the identification of oil
or grease spills in water was developed, using a technique which
compared ratios of infrared absorbency of grease and oil for
specific frequency bands. Rapid identification using this method
should aid in locating the source of the spill and in selecting
a cleanup procedure.
Monitoring
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1974.
8(4). Entry IW75-02006.
C-850-74
POLYCYCLIC AROMATICS IN SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
Borneff, J. 1974.
EPA-TR-498-74. 22 p. Translations of Schriftenreihe des Vereins
fuer Wasser-,Boden- und Lufthygiene 40:53-65. 1973.
Polycyclic aromatics are carcinogenic. The present levels of
pollution derived from natural and industrial sources are reported
and their significance analyzed. Techniques for pollutant removal
are discussed.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975 75(4)
Entry #PB-237 786-T/GA.
24
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C-851-74
METHODS OF MEASURING THE SOLUBILITIES OF HYDROCARBONS IN AQUEOUS
SOLUTIONS
Brown, R. L., and S. P. Wasik. 1974.
U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Journal of Research, Physics
and Chemistry 78A:453-460.
A gas-liquid chromatography analysis is described which measures
the equilibrium of a hydrocarbon between a gas phase and a liquid
water phase. The technique used is called headspace gas analysis
and involves the analysis of only the vapor phase. Analyses of
benzene, toluene and ethyl benzene in distilled water (5° to 20°
range) and artificial seawater (0° to 20° range) were made.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-852-74
QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PETROLEUM SAMPLE TYPE FROM GAS
CHROMATOGRAMS USING PATTERN RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES
Clark, H. A., and P. C. Jurs. 1975.
Analytical Chemistry 47(3)-.374-378.
A set of 42 gas chromatograms of petroleum samples was coded
using 19 descriptors. Using a set of binary pattern classifiers,
samples were classified and unknowns predicted. Predictive
abilities are 87 to 100%. Only a small fraction of the des-
criptors contained the information necessary for classification
and prediction.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-853-74
THE HAZARDS OF OIL SPILL SAMPLING
Cole, B. J. 1974.
Marine Technology Society Journal 8(2):13-14.
A technique using infrared spectroscopy to fingerprint oil and
determine oil spill source has been developed. The method
identifies the type of oil in a slick and also produces unique
fingerprints for the same type of oil from different well sources,
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(6). Entry #2109.
25
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PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM AND HYDROCARBONS. 3. CURRENT ANALYTICAL
METHODS
Conrad, M. 1973.
Ing. Prelucrarii Hidrocarburilor 1:135-152.
This is a review with 319 references.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(20).
Entry #127185n.
C-855-74
MULTICLIMENT TRUE BOILING POINT GAS CHROMATOGRAPH FOR MONITORING
OIL POLLUTION
Davis, C. E., A. E. Krc, J. 0. Szakasits, and R. L. Hodgson. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 93-96.
A true boiling point gas liquid chromatograph (GLC) has been
designed which generates both carbon and sulfur boiling point
profiles up to 538°C. The nonvolatile organics are measured by
backflushing and combusting. These data are acquired in a single
rapid analysis and are quite effective in identifying oil
pollution sources.
Analysis
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-856-74
IDENTIFICATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN NATURAL WATER BY GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Dell'Acqua, R., J. A. Egan, and B. Bush. 1975.
Environmental Science and Technology 9(1):38-41.
Trace amounts of common petroleum products, such as kerosine,
diesel fuel, common fuel oils, transmission fluid and lubricating
oils, can be identified using high-efficiency packed columns
and gas chromatography. Concentrations'as low as 0.25 yl/1 can
be detected.
Analysis
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(9)
Entry #201,632.
26
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C-857-74
HYDROCARBONS ASSOCIATED WITH SUSPENDED PARTICIPATE MATTER IN SAN
FRANCISCO BAY WATERS
DiSalvo, L. H., and H. E. Guard. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 169-173.
A double settling tube called the "biosampler" was used to collect
suspended sediments; bay mussels in one of the tubes were used to
actively entrap the particles. Analysis for total alkane and
total aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments was made by thin
layer chromatography. Using the minimum values, it was calculated
that 13.5 metric tons of presumably pollutant hydrocarbons were
associated with the suspended particulates in the bay.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-858-74
EVALUATION OF SOME METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
IN MARINE ORGANISMS
Farrington, J. W., and G. C. Medeiros. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 115-121.
Three methods of extracting hydrocarbons from marine organisms
were found statistically different but practically the same.
The composition and concentration of hydrocarbons in clams from
areas of three different pollution levels were determined. After
spiking a clam homogenate with 10 ppm API No. 2 fuel oil, only
5 to 6 ppm of the spike were detected. Hydrocarbons already in
the clams interfered with the tagging parameters of the spike.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-859-74
IDENTIFICATION OF PETROLEUM OILS BY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
Frank, U. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 87-91.
Oil fluorescence spectra have a three-dimensional character which
can be used to identify the source of an oil spill. This method
was tested for its ability to match weathered and unweathered
portions of nine petroleum oils and to discriminate among them.
Fluorescence quenching, Raman scatter, and solvent impurities do
not weaken the method.
Monitoring
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
27
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POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: ISOLATION
AND CHARACTERIZATION BY CHROMATOGRAPHY, VISIBLE, ULTRAVIOLET
AND MASS SPECTROMETRY
Giger, W., and M. Blumer. 1974.
Analytical Chemistry 46(12):1663-1671.
Increasing use of fossil fuels and the importance of coal and
oil shale, whose pyrolytic processes create a rich spectrum of
aromatic hydrocarbons, are cause for environmental and health
concern. The paper reports methods for the isolation, frac-
tionation and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from
environmental samples. Analyses of marine sediments have
uncovered a previously undocumented compositional complexity of
these hydrocarbons.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-861-74
OIL/WATER INTERFACIAL RHEOLOGY OF AN OIL SLICK
Gladden, G. P., and E. L. Neustadter. 1973.
Chem., Phys. Chem. Anwendungstech. Grenzflaechenaktiven Stoffe,
Ber. Int. Kongr., 6th, 1972. 2, Teil 2. p. 535-546.
Interfacial rheology experiments studying the effects of oil-
soluble surfactants (substances used to disperse oil slicks at
sea) have shown that the presence of such surfactants has marked
effects on rheological properties of the oil-water interfaces.
These effects contribute to the resulting type and stability of
the slick dispersion.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10).
Entry #64023k.
C-862-74
ESTIMATES OF OIL IN AQUATIC SEDIMENTS BY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
Hargrave, B. T., and G. A. Phillips. 1975.
Environmental Pollution 8(3):193-215.
Aromatic substances were extracted from various sediments and
analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence contour
diagrams were constructed to compare fluorescence patterns in the
sample extracts and standard oils. This analysis confirmed the
presence of petroleum residues in Bermuda beach sand, intertidal
sand from an inlet near a refinery in Nova Scotia and in sand from
Chedabucto Bay contaminated by the "Arrow" stranding in 1970.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
28
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C-863-74
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN RAW, POTABLE AND WASTE
WATERS
Harrison, R. M., R. Perry, and R. A. Wellings. 1975.
Water Research 9(4):331-346.
The paper reviews the subject of polynuclear aromatic hydro-
carbon (PAH) presence in waters, giving particular attention to
analytical techniques used to monitor these compounds. The
effects of water and waste water treatment processes on PAH
levels and the probable sources of these compounds in the
aqueous environment are reviewed.
Monitoring
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-864-74
DETECTION AND PRESENT SCOPE OF CONTAMINATION CAUSED BY MINERAL
OIL IN OUR SURFACE WATERS
Hellmann, H. 1974.
Oberflachengewassern 64(7-8):218-222.
Details are given of an investigation which determined the
hydrocarbon content of surface waters of the GFR during 1972
and 1973. It was found that the biogenous hydrocarbons outweighed
the mineral oils in some surface waters; however, the effects of
mineral oil contamination could be detected in almost all waters.
Reporting
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(2). Entry #357.
C-865-74
THE EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PASSIVE TAGGING PROCEDURES
FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF CRUDE OIL SPILLED ON WATER
Hunt, G., D. Horton, J. Levine, D. Mayo, D. Donovan, W. Shelley,
L. Jang, R. Crane, and R. Johnson. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 143-148.
Four passive tagging techniques comparing gas chromatograms,
V-Ni ratios, S-N ratios and infrared spectra, were evaluated for
use in identifying mystery oil spills and upholding Maine's Oil
29
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Conveyance Law. Crude oils were subjected to weathering and
were subsampled at several intervals up to 15 days. The most
powerful approach appears to be comparing high resolution gas
chromatograms and V-Ni, S-N ratios.
State legislation
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-866-74
QUANTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYDROCARBONS BY THIN-LAYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Hunter, L. 1975.
Environmental Science and Technology 9(3):241-246.
Low levels of hydrocarbons can be analyzed by both gravimetric
and densitometric thin-layer chromatography. Alkanes and aromatics
are easily separated. The gravimetric procedure produces more
quantitatively precise results. These methods are being used in
chronically polluted San Francisco Bay and may be used for marine
sediments as well.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-867-74
MARINE POLLUTION BY OIL. CHARACTERIZATION OF POLLUTANTS, SAMPLING,
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Institute of Petroleum Oil Pollution Analysis Committee, (rec'd
1975).
Applied Science Publishers Ltd: Barking Essex, England,
Pr.L.S.ISBN 0-85334-452-3. 198 p.
The book consists of detailed descriptions and recommendations for
techniques to analyze and sample petroleum-derived pollutants in
marine environments. Also included is a discussion of the types
of oil pollutants and the effects of weathering on petroleum oils
in the sea.
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(9)
Entry #52082.
30
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C-868-74
THE DETERMINATION OF METALLIC ELEMENTS IN WASTES AND WATERS WITH
THE GRAPHITE FURNACE
Kahn, H. L. 1973.
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Flame atomic absorption can be used to detect metallic elements
in many types of water. However, the H6A-2000 graphite furnace
improved detection limits 1000 times compared to the flame. This
improvement is of value in analyzing oil spills on seawater to
help identify the source of the spill.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(7).
Entry #39773.
C-869-74
MOVEMENT AND EFFECTS OF SPILLED OIL OVER THE OUTER CONTINENTAL
SHELF - INADEQUACY OF EXISTENT DATA FOR THE BALTIMORE CANYON
Knebel, H. J. 1974.
U.S. Geological Survey Circular No. 702. 20 p.
A deductive approach is used to determine and predict the
movement and effects of spilled oil. While some factors that
determine oil movement are adequately known (i.e. variations in
the water's thermohaline structure and suspended matter distribu-
tion), other factors (i.e. insufficient wind and storm statistics
and lack of quantitative understanding of the relationship
between nontidal drift and its driving mechanisms) make spill
movement and effect predictions unreliable.
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(3).
Entry #202,790.
C-870-74
DETERMINATION OF THE MOLECULAR SOLUBILITY OF NAVY OILS IN WATER
Lai, M. G., and C. E. Adams. 1974.
NTIS Report AD-784 414/5WP.
This method is based on the principle of osmotic pressure and
is capable of measuring actual hydrocarbon concentration in the
presence of dispersed hydrocarbons in water. Solubility of Navy
oils was found to depend on the water-to-oil ratio and the dis-
solution rate was a function of agitation of the water-oil mixture.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(3).
Entry #75-02318.
31
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C-871-74
PROFILES OF THE POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC FRACTION FROM ENGINE OILS
OBTAINED BY CAPILLARY-COLUMN GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND
NITROGEN-SELECTIVE DETECTION
Lee, M. L., D. K. Bartle, and M. V. Novotny. 1975.
Analytical Chemistry 47(3):540-543.
High resolution fingerprints of different oil samples were
obtained by extracting the oils and analyzing the MeNOp fraction
by means of a petroleum concentration method and a high-efficiency
glass capillary column. The method is rapid.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(20).
Entry #127264n.
C-872-74
PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON THE USE OF TENAJP FOR THE EXTRACTION OF
PESTICIDES AND POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS FROM SURFACE
AND DRINKING WATERS FOR ANALYTICAL PURPOSES
Leoni. V., G. Puccetti, and A. Grella. 1975.
Journal of Chromatography 106:119-124.
Under optimal conditions and in the absence of other contaminants,
over 90% of organochlorine or organophosphorous pesticides or
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were recovered by Tenax GC^-
Research on the effectiveness of Tenax in natural waters con-
taminated with surfactants, fats and oils is in progress.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-873-74
HYDROCARBONS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Mackie, P. R., K. J. Whittle, and R. Hardy. 1974.
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 2(4): 159-174.
The amount and distribution of hydrocarbons have been determined
in samples of water, surface film, sediment, plankton and fish
from the Firth of Clyde. Hydrocarbons were present at low levels,
but accumulation of hydrocarbons at higher levels in the food chain
was not proven. Neither could the biogenic or non-biogenic origin
of the hydrocarbons be determined.
Sampling
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
32
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C-874-74
MEASUREMENT OF HYDROCARBONS IN WATER: APPLICATION TO CASES OF
SURFACE WATER POLLUTION
Mallevialle, J. 1974.
Water Research 8(12):1071-1075.
Measurement of hydrocarbons at a concentration of 0.1 mg/1
water can be accomplished with a method utilizing carbon
tetrachloride extraction, florisil chromatography and measure-
ment of absorption. The method is highly competitive with other
techniques because of its high sensitivity, rapidity and
simplicity.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(9). Entry #W75-04709.
C-875-74
IDENTIFICATION OF C.I. SOLVENT RED 24 IN HYDROCARBON OIL MIXTURES
AS AN AID IN OIL POLLUTION INVESTIGATIONS
Matthews, P. J. 1975.
The Analyst 100(1186):29-32.
Certain oils are exempt from customs and contain markers such as
C.I. Solvent Red 24. The marker is useful in the accurate
identification of the source of contamination in pollution
incidents. In this paper a method is described that separates
and identifies C.I. Solvent Red 24 using dry column chromatography
and thin-layer chromatography.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-876-74
THE ESTIMATION OF THE AMOUNT OF EMPIRE MIX CRUDE OIL IN MULLET,
SHRIMP AND OYSTERS BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Miles, D. H., M. J. Coign, and L. R. Brown. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
F.rancisco, 1975. p. 149-154.
The amount of oil taken up by small (0.1 g) samples of specific
tissues from animals exposed to crude oil in the laboratory was
determined by both conventional gas chromatography and liquid
chromatographic techniques. Both are valid for large samples
of tissue, but the liquid chromatography technique, as described
in this paper, detects lower concentrations than gas chromatography.
More replicates are therefore possible for a given amount of
biological material.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
33
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C-877-74
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TAR SAMPLES FROM
THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Mommessin, P. R., and J. C. Raia. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 155-168.
Samples of tar collected by the U.S. Coast Guard from the
northwestern Atlantic Ocean were characterized using microscopy,
chromatography, infrared and other analytical methods. Two
distinct types of tar samples were indicated: urban and
industrial, and weathered. Other characteristics also helped
to relate tars to their origin and history.
Sampling
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-878-74
TRACE ANALYSIS OF PHENOLS IN WATER BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Murray, D. A. 0. 1975.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32(2):292-294.
A rapid method using a minimum of sample manipulation was developed
to analyze low concentrations of phenols, cresols and xylenols in
water. The internal standard, o-xylene, is added to the sample,
and after extraction, the analysis is completed with gas chroma-
tography.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-879-74
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES FOLLOWING AN OIL SPILL -
A PROSPECTUS
Nadeau, R. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 11-14.
Through the use of the example of the March, 1973, Cabo Rojo
oil spill, Environmental Protection Agency assessment procedures
are documented. Immediately after a spill has occurred, EPA
biologists do "eyeball" assessments, recruit local biologists
for help and take samples of biota for analysis. Photodocumentation
is also done.
Biological effects
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
34
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C-880-74
CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES AND TOXICOLOGICAL TESTS
Nakayama, S., Y. Nagano, K. Aoyagi, and S. Ohbayashi. 1974
Rodo Eisei 15(10):6-24.
The design and characteristics of a toxicological test for a
certain class of chemical substances are discussed. Tests for
oils, surfactants and organotin compounds are given as examples.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(15).
Entry #93741y.
C-881-74
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN
CRUDE OILS, HEATING OILS, AND MARINE TISSUES
Pancirov, R. J., and R. A. Brown. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 103-113.
The three-to six-ring polynuclear aromatic (PNA) hydrocarbons
are potentially carcinogenic and therefore of concern in assessing
the impact of oil pollution. Few data exist on the concentrations
of PNA hydrocarbons. The study reported in this paper included
analyzing four different oils for individual PNA hydrocarbons and
preliminary work on marine tissues, where detectability at present
is 1 ppb. The method used is explained.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C^-882-74
STUDIES OF THE AROMATIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT IN SEA WATER [English
summary]
Redkin, Yu.R., A. M. Voitenko, and P. A. Teplyakov. 1973.
Okeanologiya 13(5):908-913.
Pollution of the Black Sea with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
was studied using the luminescent spectroscopy method based on
Shpolsky's effect. The hydrocarbons were quantitatively deter-
mined in the seawater, bottom sediments and fish tissue, with
35
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photoelectric and photographic recording of the spectrum for the
straight chain paraffins.
Analysis
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(7).
Entry #39775.
C-883-74
USE OF LOW-TEMPERATURE LUMINESCENT SPECTROSCOPY TO DETERMINE
THE CONTENT OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN- SEA WATER
Redkin, Yu.R., A. M. Voytenko, and P. A. Teplyakoy. 1974.
Oceanology, Academy of Sciences, USSR, English Edition 13(5):
751-755."
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be quantitatively determined
in seawater, bottom sediments, ooze and animal tissue using
fluorescent and phosphorescent techniques. The results of a study
of the coastal waters of the Black Sea are given. Some preventive
measures against pollution are presented.
Analysis
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(11).
Entry #202,226.
< C-884-74
POLLUTION OF THE SEA BY PETROLEUM
Riera, J. A. 1974.
EPA-TR-63-75. 27 p. Translation of Oilgas (Spain) 75:5-14. 1974.
The pollutants in Spanish coastal waters are identified and
analyzed. The characteristics of the residues of the principal
crude and refined products are also identified.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(4). Entry #PB-237 804-T/GA.
C-885-74
ORGANIC MATTER IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLIC. III. DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES WITH PHENOLIC
STRUCTURES IN SEA WATER BY NITROANILINE REACTION
Schlungbaum, G., and A. Behling. 1974.
Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol. 2(5):423-431.
36
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The nitroaniline reaction in determining ea
seawater is described. Results of a survey of the Baltic Sea
by this method are tabulated.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(22).
Entry #144742j.
C-886-74
CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF MINERAL OIL
IN CHILLIES
Sen, A. R., P. Sengupta, N. Ghosedastidar, and T. V. Mathew.
1973.
Research and Industry 18(3):97.
The detection of mineral oil in chillies by silica gel thin-layer
chromatography is described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(21).
Entry #137860t.
C-887-74
RANDOM MOVEMENT OF OIL PATCHES
Shukla, D. K., and R. M. Stack. 1974.
Science of the Total Environment 3(1):117-125.
From analyses of simple models of oil slick movements, the total
drift of an oil patch is expressed as the sum of the random
displacement for several periods. A knowledge of the physics
of oil movements should aid in the planning of offshore facilities
and tanker routing patterns.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(3).
Entry #75-02295.
C-888-74
AN EXAMINATION OF THE CONCENTRATION OF ORGANIC COMPONENTS WATER-
EXTRACTED FROM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Sniegoski, P. J. 1975.
Water Research 9(4):421-423.
The discharge of effluent water containing dissolved organics
into the sea after shipboard oily waste water separation presents
a serious pollution problem. Using total carbon analysis, a study
37
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was conducted which examined the solubility characteristics of
petroleum products found in naval vessels. An estimate was
made of the relative quantities of polar compounds and hydro-
carbons present in the water phase of the oil-water system.
Results demonstrate that in general, an oil contains small
amounts of substances which are much more water-soluble than
the bulk oil.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-889-74
PETROLEUM POLLUTANTS IN SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER AS INDICATED
BY THE CARBON-14 ACTIVITY OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON
Spiker, E. C., and M. Rubin. 1975.
Science 187(4171):61-64.
Fossil carbon due to petrochemical chemical effluents is lower
in C^4 than modern organic carbon due to domestic wastes.
Polluted rivers show a depression of DOC-C14 activity,
indicating that fossil carbon can be as much as 40% of the
total Dissolved Organic Carbon.
Chemical effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(8).
Entry #201,231.
C-890-74
DETERMINATION OF PHENOL IN MARINE ORGANISMS
Stilinovic, L., K. Munjko, and B. Vukic. 1974.
Arhiv za Higijenu Rada i Toksikologiju 25(2):247-252.
Samples of marine organisms and seawater were collected from
coastal waters of Kvarner Bay and the Island of Vis for phenol
determination. Methods of sample preservation and phenol
analysis are given. A relationship between the PhOH concentra-
tion in marine organisms and increased seawater PhOH concentra-
tion was observed.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(21)
Entry #133601m.
C-891-74
A TREATMENT OF THE EQUILIBRIUM OF AN OIL LAYER ON WATER FLOW
Tamiya, S., H. Kato, Y. Watanabe, and T. Komura. 1974
Journal of Society of Naval Architects 135:71-80.
38
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A study of the equilibrium of an oil layer on flowing water in
low- and high-velocity regions is presented.
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #071546.
C-892-74
EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS FROM OIL-CONTAMINATED
SEDIMENTS
Walker, J. D., R. R. Colwell, M. C. Hamming, and H. T. Ford.
1975.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 13(3):
245-248.
Benzene is the most effective solvent of the three used in this
study to extract petroleum hydrocarbons. Reciprocal shaking with
benzene is the most efficient way to extract hydrocarbons from
estuarine or marine sediments.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-893-74
DETERMINATION OF SULFUR-CONTAINING PETROLEUM COMPONENTS IN
MARINE SAMPLES
Warner, J. S. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 97-101.
Sulfur-containing petroleum compounds are usually present in
low concentrations in aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. A sulfur-
specific flame photometric detector in a gas chromatograph can
identify sulfur components and provide a more definitive
fingerprint of an oil source. These compounds may be
preferentially concentrated in the marine environment.
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-894-74
DETERMINATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN SEAWATER USING AN ELECTROLYTIC
STRIPPING CELL
Wasik, S. P. 1974.
Journal of Chromatographic Science 12(12):845-848.
39
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The dissolved hydrocarbons are stripped from seawater by small
bubbles of hydrogen gas. After a given amount of hydrogen has
bubbled through the cell, the hydrocarbon concentration is
determined from the volume of the seawater and the hydrocarbon
concentration in the headspace of the cell.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-895-74
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN GROUND
AND WATER TESTS
Weber, R. 1974.
Chemische Rundschau 27(46):35.
Carbon tetrachloride is used to extract the petroleum products
from the samples. Then, interfering substances are removed by
adsorption on a Florisil resin column and the petroleum products
concentrations are measured by infrared spectroscopy.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18).
Entry #115795y.
C-896-74
OCCURRENCE AND ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT
Yates, M. L. 1974.
U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, Menlo Park,
California. 40 p.
The sources of oil pollution and both visible and non-visible
effects are reviewed. The analytic techniques for both qual-
itative and quantitative assessments of hydrocarbons are
discussed. Weathering and biological degradation pose problems
for these assessments.
General effects of oil pollution
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2038.
40
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C-897-74
THE INFRARED STUDIES OF SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL OIL SPILL
Yu, T. C. 1974.
Ph.D. Thesis, Cincinnati University. 136 p.
During the 12-month study, supported by Western Oil and Gas
Association, an attempt was made to establish the effects of
this oil spill. The study evaluated: (1) the infrared analysis
for quantitative identification of different oils and background
hydrocarbon concentrations; (2) oil movement and deposition due
both to spills and natural seeps; (3) the effect of sediment
parameters on oil movement; and (4) the correlation of currents,
sediment formations and oil movement.
Remote sensing
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(12).
Entry #202,505.
C-898-74
THE RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF NON-AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE
BALTIC IN SEPTEMBER 1971
Zsolnay, A. 1972/1973.
Marine Chemistry 1(2):127-136.
The author discusses the results of a study determining the
relative distribution of non-aromatic hydrocarbons in the Central
Baltic Sea. It was found that dissolved hydrocarbons that enter
into the sediment have most likely been produced at the sediment-
water interface.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(4). Entry #W75-01871.
C-899-74
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL HYDROCARBONS IN SEAWATER AT THE MICR06RAM
LEVEL WITH A FLOW CALORIMETER
Zsolnay, A. 1974.
Journal of Chromatography 90(1):79-85.
A description is given of the analytic procedure to measure
hydrocarbon concentrations in seawater. The equipment required
for such a method is fairly inexpensive and can readily be taken
to sea.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(6). Entry #2105.
41
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C-900-74
HYDROCARBON CONTENT AND CHLOROPHYLL CORRELATION IN THE WATERS
BETWEEN NOVA SCOTIA AND THE GULF STREAM
Zsolnay, A. 1974.
IOC-UNESCO, WMO, U.S. Department of Commerce. Petroleum Marine
Pollution Symposium, May 13-17, 1974. p. 148-149.
Previous studies have indicated that a certain amount of
hydrocarbons found in the ocean is produced by phytoplankton,
and a correlation between hydrocarbon and chlorophyll content
should exist. A method for determining such a correlation
has revealed only a casual relationship between hydrocarbon
and chlorophyll concentrations in the euphotic zone.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry #75-01555.
42
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B. OIL POLLUTION
1. CONTAINMENT
C-901-74
BOOM PROTECTS AGAINST OIL-SPILL POLLUTION
Anonymous. 1975.
Oil and Gas Journal 73(12):81.
Thick vertical vinyl sheets, a vinyl-foam flotation unit,
polyurethane ribs and connectors comprise a new oil containment
apparatus called Seaboom. Seaboom works in high current and
storm conditions.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-902-74
CONSTRUCTION OF A SPILL CHANNEL AND EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION
OF SPILL SPREADING RATES OF FOUR NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ON
WATER
Anonymous. 1974.
Lowell Technological Institution, Massachusetts, DOT/TST-75-18.
Contract DOT-05-30109. 59 p.
The spreading rates of soybean oil, tetrahydronaphthalene,
dioctyl phthalate and 1-hexadene were determined in a 40-foot
long spill channel. The spreading rate was studied with timed
photographs and as a function of spill fluid viscosity and
density, spill release rate and water surface conditions.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(2). Entry #PB-237 491/6GA.
C-903-74
CONTAINMENT, CLEANUP, AND REMOVAL
Anonymous. 1974.
National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills,
San Francisco, 1974. p. 188-248.
Thirteen papers are presented which discuss the technology
that exists for the containment, cleanup and recovery of
43
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hazardous materials from spill sites. A short contact time
physical-chemical treatment system for waters contaminated
by hazardous materials is described.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(4).
Entry #75-02828.
C-904-74
SUBMERSIBLE BARRIER CONTAINS OIL SPILLS
Anonymous. 1974.
Petroleum Engineers International 46:17.
A new submersible oil barrier technique developed by Bridgestone
Tire Company, Japan, provides for the fast and effective con-
tainment of oil spills. The barrier consists of a flexible
rubber skirt, supported by two inflatable hoses, which extends
above and below the surface of the water. The fence can be stored
on the sea bottom surrounding a fixed oil handling location and,
when needed, can be inflated and floated to the surface to
contain the spill.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-905-74
THE PORT OF EMDEN SAFEGUARDED AGAINST THE OIL MENACE BY MEANS OF
A NATIONALLY PRODUCED COMPRESSED AIR OIL BARRIER
Anonymous. 1974.
Z. Binnenschiffahrt Wasserstr, 101(6}:243-245.
A 175 m long oil barrier has been developed which prevents oil
from spreading out of the oil port of Emden, West Germany, in
the event of an oil disaster. A diverging water current is
produced at the water surface by air streaming from a perforated
compressed air tube located along the bottom of the port basin.
The apparatus can control the streaming of oil within a period
of 45 seconds.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(1). Entry #242.
44
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C-906-74
PROTECTING THE NORTH SEA ENVIRONMENT
Baldwin, A., and E. Cowell. 1974.
New Scientist 63(916):792-794.
The development of new, less toxic oil dispersants, oil skimmers,
oil booms and an ecological monitoring system are included among
the projects undertaken by British Petroleum in an effort to
protect the North Sea environment from oil spills. Cases of
environmental protection in company oil developments are
discussed.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(3).
Entry #74-02305.
C-907-74
STANDARDIZED HARDWARE FOR OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT BOOMS
Campbell, F. J. 1974.
U.S. Navy Civil Engineering Laboratory, CEL-TN-1343, AD-781,
645/7GA. 54 p.
The standardized hardware consists of a boom connector, a towing
assembly and a boom-bulkhead attachment. Various oil booms can
be quickly interconnected and distributed using this hardware.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(7).
Entry #200,890,
C-908-74
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD HIGH SEAS OIL CONTAINMENT SYSTEM (HSOCS)
Dennis, S. J. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975, p. 365-368.
A technical description is given of the High Seas Oil Containment
System (HSOCS), presently being acquired by the U.S. Coast Guard
for use on the high seas. The five major subsystems of the HSOCS-
the barrier subsystem, container subsystem, mooring subsystem,
handling subsystem and air delivery equipment—are described in
detail. Fifteen of the systems were scheduled to be completed
by March, 1974.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
45
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C-909-74
HIGH CURRENT CONTROL OF FLOATING OIL
Dorrler, J. S., R. Ayers, and D. C. Wooten. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 347-353.
The Environmental Protection Agency awarded contracts to
Ultrasystems, Inc. (Newport Beach) to design and develop a
streamlined boom utilizing hydrofoil concepts for oil spill
containment, and to Shell Development Company to develop a
boom profile utilizing a perforated incline plate as a baffle
upstream of a flow barrier. An analysis of the present oil
containment problem is presented and a description of the
progress being made in each of the-boom's development is given.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-910-74
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREAS IN WHICH FAST CURRENT OIL CONTROL
IS NEEDED
Hammer, W. F., C. W. Koburger, and D. S. Jensen. 1973.
Final Report, No. USCG-D-103-74. 102 p.
In currents with velocities over 0.8 to 1.0 knots, present oil
spill control techniques are ineffective. The Coast Guard has
identified 44 high risk areas in the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf
coasts, the Inland Area and the Great Lakes. The high risk
label was based on the combination of oil concentration and
spill frequency, environmental characteristics are also identified
and analyzed.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(1). Entry #AD/A-000 452/3GA.
C-911-74
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF OIL HERDERS
Nagy, E. 1974.
AIChE Symposium Series 70(144):243-246,
Oil herders were evaluated by measuring the following: the
concentrations necessary to reduce water surface tension and
46
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to "herd" oil, the maximum oil thickness produced with two
different oils, the ease of application before and after spreading,
and the oil aging effect. Oil aging decreases herder effectiveness;
the herder should be applied before the oil has spread.
Research
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18).
Entry #115786.
C-912-74
OIL BOOMS AT A TIDAL INLET
Newman, D. E., and N. I. Macbeth. 1973.
Hydraulics Research Station, Wallingfords, Berks, United Kingdom,
INT 118. 40 p.
The problems of transporting and deploying oil pollution booms
in a tidal estuary are described. The trial run carried out at
Burnham Overy for the Nature Conservancy has provided some
useful recommendations on the use of booms in tidal estuaries.
Research
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2107.
C-913-74
A REVIEW OF OIL HANDLING PROBLEMS AT OFFSHORE TERMINALS - PART II
PROGRAM FOR EXPERIMENTALLY EVALUATING ADVANCED OIL BARRIERS
Schneider, I. L., R. C. Asher, and C. R. Mainville. 1974.
ISBN: NMRC-272-23100-Rla. 171 p.
An engineering review of four barrier designs (pneumatic barrier,
skirt barrier, raisable skirt barrier, fixed flotation and skirt/
pneumatic barrier) is presented and an evaluation program is
developed. In order to evaluate the designs, testing will be
conducted over a three-year period on the containment/removal
concept, the dynamic model and its components, and the offshore
performance of a prototype.
Research
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2121.
47
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C-914-74
A HYDRODYNAMICALLY EFFECTIVE HORIZONTAL OIL BOOM
Wilcox, J. D. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 363-364.
The PACE boom is a horizontal oil boom that uses natural forces
of flowing water to contain spilled oil or direct its recovery.
When in operation, boom sections are placed across the current;
surface oil flows under a flotation device, up through a seg-
ment of netting and over a fabric through which water passes
but not oil; and then is trapped against a second flotation
device. The float then carries the oil to a recovery area.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
48
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2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
C-915-74
PETROLEUM EMULSIONS AND PETROLEUM SULFONATES AS EMULSIFYING
AGENTS
Abdelkader, M. H., and M. M. Abdelkader. 1974.
Chemistry and Industry (London) 20:831-834.
Oil-water mixtures could be emulsified using sodium and calcium
sulfonate derivatives of diesel, gas, light neutral oils and
light water distillates. Casein and emulsifying agents were
also investigated.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18).
Entry #113912.
C-916-74
AN OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM UTILIZING POLYURETHANE FOAM-A
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Anonymous. 1974.
Marine Technology Society, March, 1974.
Described is an oil recovery system, developed by Shell
Development Company, using polyurethane foam as a sorbent for
spilled oil. The system can recover all types of spilled
oil from water surfaces under varied conditions. A recovery
rate of 9,000 gallons per hour was achieved.
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #071892.
C-917-74
EXPERIMENTAL OIL SKIMMER
Anonymous. 1974.
Mechanical Engineering 96(8):48.
An oil skimmer built by Lockheed under U.S. Coast Guard contract
was towed for four hours at speeds up to 10 kts in a sea state 5
to test open-sea survivability. The test proved successful.
The skimmer works inside an oil containment barrier and sweeps
up to 100 gallons/min using a paddle wheel disc-drum. The
machine can be flown to an oil spill site, assembled and towed
to the spill area.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
49
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C-918-74
GUIDE TO WATER CLEANUP MATERIALS AND METHODS
Anonymous. 1974.
Arthur D. Little, Incorporated. 350 p.
This guide contains information on preventive and remedial
pollution control equipment and materials. In addition to
listing manufacturers of water cleanup equipment and
500 products (booms, barriers, skimmers, separators, sorbents,
oil/water monitors, etc.), contingency planning and water
pollution laws and regulations are described.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1975. Vol. 10.
Entry #071651.
C-919-74
LOCKHEED CLEAN SWEEP DELIVERED TO JAPAN
Anonymous. 1975.
Pacific Oil World 68(4):24.
The article reports the sale of a pair of portable Lockheed
oil sweepers to Japan which will aid in keeping Japanese waters
clean. The oil sweeper device can recover 760 liters/minute
of spilled oil from harbors, estuaries, bays and offshore areas.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-920-74
MECHANICS OF HANDLING OIL SPILLS
Anonymous. 1974.
Electrical World 182(5):79.
Several cleanup devices were demonstrated in the Columbia River.
An inflatable boom for containment of an oil spill, a variety
of oil absorbents and a styrofoam boom were tested.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
50
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C-921-74
SKIMMER LESSENS TRASH INTAKE DIFFICULTIES
Anonymous. 1975.
Oil and Gas Journal 73(12):84-85.
Oilhawg, a skimmer, can be operated from the edge of a pier
or on a boat. The skimming depth is determined by placing
a serrated rest on the edge of the working platform. The
pump passes most trash and is capable of pumping 100 gpm.
Information Source: Parker Systems, Inc., Box 1652, Norfolk,
Virginia 23501.
C-922-74
WILLIAMETTE STREAKER CLEANS UP OIL SPILLS FAST
Anonymous. 1974.
Marine Engineering/Log 79:66A.
Summary not available.
Citation Source: Applied Science and Technology Index.
1975. 63(3).
C-923-74
DEVELOPING AN OPEN-SEAS SKIMMER
Ayers, R. R., J. P. Fraser, and L. J. Kazmierczak. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 401-408.
An open-seas skimming apparatus contains within it a "quiescent
pool," achieved by flow diffusion of the water and oil entering
the skimmer, and of the water leaving it. The oil is removed
from the pool using commercially available oil-removal devices.
Efficient oil collection and recovery is possible at vessel
speed up to two knots in swells or wind-driven seas up to low
sea state four (18 knot winds, 6 foot significant waves).
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
51
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C-924-74
EFFECT OF SOME NONIONIC DETERGENTS ON OIL-WATER EMULSIONS
STABILIZED BY LAURYL PYRIDIUM CHLORIDE
Bahadur, P., and S. N. Srivastava. 1974.
Indian Journal of Technology 12(11):489-491.
The effect of the addition of a nonionic detergent on the 6
potential of an emulsion of 1% petroleum ether in 0.005% lauryl
pyridium chloride is described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #100584e.
C-925-74
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH SEAS OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM. PHASE II.
PROTOTYPE DESIGN, FABRICATION SYSTEM, AND TESTING. APPENDIX III,
SYSTEMS TESTS. VOLUME I.
Beach, R. L., F. A. March, L. S. Brown, T. S. McMahon, and
J. Papp. 1973.
Final Report, USCG-D-84-74, Contract DOT-CG-22651-A. 100 p.
The Phase-II report covers the design, construction and test of
a prototype 2000 gpm oil recovery system. The subsystems and
equipment comprising the prototype system are outlined, and
subsystems tests, component assembly, air transport and oil
recovery operations in a test pond are described.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(6). Entry #AD/A-003 933/9GA.
C-926-74
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH SEAS OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM. PHASE II.
DESIGN STUDIES AND SPECIFICATIONS. APPENDIX I. SYSTEMS
TESTS. VOLUME II.
Beach, R. L., F. A. March, L. S. Brown, T. S. McMahon, and
J. Papp. 1973.
Final Report, USCG-D-84-74-Vol-2, Contract DOT-CG-22651-A.
150 p.
See C-925-74 for summary.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(6). Entry MD/A-003 934/7GA.
52
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C-927-74
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH SEAS OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM. PHASE II.
APPENDIX II. MATERIALS AND COMPONENT TESTS. VOLUME III.
Beach, R. L., F. A. March, L. S. Brown, T. S. McMahon, and
J. Papp. 1973.
Final Report, USC6-D-84-74-Vol-3, Contract DOT-CG-22651-A.
207 p.
See C-925-74 for summary.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(6). Entry #AD/A-003 946/1GA.
C-928-74
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH SEAS OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM. PHASE II.
APPENDIX III. SYSTEMS TESTS. VOLUME IV.
Beach, R. L., F. A. March, L. S. Brown, T. S. McMahon, and
J. Papp. 1973.
Final Report, USCG-D084-74-Vol-4, Contract DOT-CG-22651-A.
292 p.
See C-925-74 for summary.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(6). Entry #AD/A-003 947/9GA.
C-929-74
OIL POLLUTION CONTROL
Bennett, J. A. 1974.
Chemical Economy and Engineering Review 6(3):44-45.
The various techniques being used by Bennett Pollution Controls
Ltd. (Vancouver) to control and clean up accidental oil spills
are described.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(7). Entry #2660.
53
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C-930-74
CLEAN GULF ASSOCIATES UNVEILS A NEW GENERATION OF OIL-SPILL
CLEANUP EQUIPMENT
Berry, W. L., and J. W. Wolfe. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 323-327.
The organization and capabilities of Clean Gulf Associates,
established by petroleum operators in the Gulf of Mexico to
provide for fast and effective cleanup of oil spills in coastal
and offshore waters, are reviewed. New cost participation
areas, planned new equipment additions and equipment improvements
are discussed.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-931-74
A REVIEW OF THE UTILITY OF SELF-MIXING DISPERSANTS IN RECENT
YEARS
Canevari, G. P. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 337-342.
The development in the last two years of self-mixing chemical
dispersants to prevent damage from oil spills is reviewed.
Laborious mixing is eliminated when using these dispersant
systems, and submicron diameter size oil droplets are formed
after their application to oil slicks. The significance of
droplet size on dispersed oil movement and behavior is discussed.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-932-74
UTILIZATION OF DIVING AND SALVAGE EXPERTISE IN THE PREVENTION
OF OIL POLLUTION
Chambers, B. E., and H. D. Williams. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 369-371.
Diving and salvage have played a significant role in the
effective removal of oil and hazardous substances from the
seas and consequently have been incorporated into the National
Strike Force, as specified by the National Contingency Plans.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
54
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C-933-74
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF OFFSHORE OIL-SPILL CLEANUP OPERATIONS
Cochran, R. A., G. A. Manney, and 0. P. Fraser. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 293-300.
Using a computer simulation program, oil-spill events and
cleanup operations can be simulated many times under different
weather conditions. The effectiveness of oil-spill recovery
equipment can be predicted as a function of weather conditions.
Simulations stress the need for rapid response and containment
due to rapid thinning of uncontained oil.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-934-74
NEW CLEANUP SYSTEM CHECKS SPILLS AT SEA
Cranfield, J. 1975.
Petroleum International 15(l):36-39.
The spill control system, designed by British Petroleum, is
composed of a boom and a skimmer for oil containment and
removal from the sea surface. Tests have proved that Vikoma
is capable of operating in waves up to 8 feet and can remove
oil at a rate of 100 ton/hr.
Containment
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(15).
Entry #203,528.
C-935-74
OIL CONTAMINATED BEACH CLEANUP
Der, J. 0. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 431-436.
A review of beach cleanup operations of the past, and identifica-
tion of the various cleanup methods and equipment that have been
used are included in this paper. A classification of beaches,
along with the most effective cleanup procedure for each type,
was produced. Factors such as beach slope, type of beach, amount
of oil and type of oil are considered.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
55
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C-936-74
THE CASCO BAY OIL SPILL: PROBLEMS OF CLEANUP AND DISPOSAL
Eidam, C. L., E. V. Fitzpatrick, and J. F. Conlon. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 217-221.
The Casco Bay oil spill provided unique problems for cleanup
personnel; chief among these was moving cleanup equipment to
affected offshore islands and disposing of oil-soaked seaweed
and sand. Damage from the spill and the effectiveness of the
cleanup were studied up to one year after the spill.
Restoration
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-937-74
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY'S TEST FACILITY
OHMSETT: THE FIRST SIX MONTHS
Farlow, J. S., and F. J- Freestone. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 343-346.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has begun operation of
its Oil & Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank
(OHMSETT). The purpose of the test facility, located in Leonardo,
New Jersey, is to help solve the problem of the safe, effective
cleanup of oil and hazardous material spills. A description
of the facility and the experiences during the first six months
of operation are given.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-938-74
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY RESEARCH IN HIGH
SPEED DEVICES FOR THE RECOVERY OF THIN-FILM OIL SPILLS
Freestone, F. J., R. A. Anderson, and N. P. Trentacoste. 1975,
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 409-414.
Two devices have been developed that operate on the principle
of deflecting moving oil with an air jet so that the resulting
56
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oil and water spray can be separated and captured. Both
devices achieve recovery efficiencies of over 80% at 6 FPS;
both are insensitive to waves but one is somewhat sensitive
to oil viscosity.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-939-74
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD ARCTIC OIL-POLLUTION PROGRAM
Getman, J. H. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 259-264.
In 1970 and 1971, field experiments in the Arctic were conducted
by the Coast Guard to determine the behavior of oil spilled on,
under and among ice. Other spill problems such as detection,
logistics, recovery, and disposal are also being investigated.
Off-the-shelf equipment has been evaluated and a number of con-
clusions about oil recovery systems and personnel have been
drawn.
Research
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-940-74
OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM USING SORBENT MATERIAL
Gumtz, G. D., and T. P. Meloy. 1973.
Meloy Laboratories, Incorporated. Technical Report. 148 p.
NTIS Report PB-229 576/4.
A total system concept for optimal oil recovery from slicks
using sorbent materials was developed. It was based on
laboratory modeling and general equations formulated for basic
sorption properties, sorbent pickup and oil recovery from the
sorbent and the system. One inch cubical sorbent particles
distributed in a shrouded rectilinear screw-fed system were
concluded to be optimal and a 4:1 compression ratio of the
slick by a boom herding the sorbent and oil to the channel
would work under any wave conditions.
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #057208.
57
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C-941-74
WATERBORNE DEBRIS IN MARINE POLLUTION INCIDENTS
Hancock, J. A., and D. Jensen. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 223-229.
Floating debris can impair oil spill cleanup and present a
materials handling and disposal problem. This paper includes
a review of debris types, where debris has or could complicate
spill cleanups, factors influencing local debris concentration,
current debris handling practices and requirements, and the
effect of debris on pollution-response equipment.
Citation Source: Citation Journal..
C-942-74
OAKLAND ESTUARY OIL SPILL CLEANUP: A REVIEW OF A MAJOR OIL
SPILL CLEANUP IN A TRASH-LADEN ESTUARY EMPHASIZING SMALL
BOAT HARBOR CLEANUP
Hanson, J. R., and D. M. Kochis. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 233-240.
A 171,000 gallon oil spill in January, 1973, cost $1.2 million
and took 7-1/2 days to clean up. An industry-sponsored oil
spill cooperative, Clean Bay, Inc., was in charge of the
operation. Included in this paper are an evaluation of
procedures, especially in trash-laden waters, and a discussion
of the experience gained in the cleanup of 16 small boat harbors.
Restoration
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-943-74
ENERGY DISSIPATIVE DEVICES TO CONTROL OIL SLICKS IN FAST-CURRENT
ENVIRONMENTS
Jensen, D. S., W. Lindenmuth, and D. J. Norton. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 355-362.
The energy dissipation concept to control and recover oil slicks
in potential water current velocities of 10 knots is presented.
The concept involves the slowing down of the fast-moving oil
slick and the layer of water flowing beneath,such that the
critical velocity at the oil-water interface is never reached.
58
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As the slick slows down, the oil layer thickens to a point
where conventional recovery techniques can be used to remove
the oil. Research programs investigating the concept's
applications are described.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-944-74
INLAND OIL SPILL CLEAN-UP MANUAL, REPORT NO. 4/74 AND CONDENSED
INLAND OIL SPILL CLEAN-UP MANUAL, REPORT NO. 4a/74
Jenkins, S. H. 1975.
Water Research 9(5/6):602.
Two manuals have been prepared by Stichting CONCAWE, 60 Van
Hogenhouklaan, The Hague, The Netherlands, which deal with the
behavior and cleanup of oil on the ground, in subsoil, in
groundwater and in surface water. Report No. 4/74 contains
oil spill cleanup advice, information on types of equipment
required to carry out cleanup operations, and a list of
references and organizations concerned with these specific
problems. Report No. 4a/74 is a condensed version of report
4/74 and gives rapid guidance in selecting oil spill cleanup
methods.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-945-74
DISPOSAL OF OIL SPILL DEBRIS
Jones, R. 6. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 231-232.
A landfill was constructed to dispose of the debris collected
during the cleanup of a major spill in Rhode Island. Alternating
layers of one foot of debris (sand, gravel, logs, large rocks
and tires) and six inches of clean fill were placed in a cell
with a sandy-salt base. Groundwater samples as yet show no
increase in total organic carbon or phenolic content.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-946-74
ENERGETICS OF CLEANING ACTION
Koretskii, A. F. 1974.
Isvestiya Sibirskogo Otdeleniya Akademii Nauk SSSR Seriya
Khimicheskikh Nauk 6:28-34.
59
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"Mathematical analysis is given for the removal of oil droplets
from a solid surface by detergents." Oil is removed by the
adsorption of hydrophilic-hydrophobic particles on oil droplets
and the subsequent abstraction of the oil droplets from the
solid.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #100580.
C-947-74
ON-LINE COMPUTER SYSTEMS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
McNeil, C. S. L. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 255-257.
The Environmental Emergency Branch in Canada has developed an
on-line computer system to answer questions concerning oil
spills such as: What countermeasures and special precautions
need to be taken? Where are the nearest suitable equipment
and materials to combat the spill, and whom does one contact?
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-948-74
DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF A SORBENT-OIL RECOVERY
SYSTEM
Miller, E., L. Stephens, and J. Ricklis. 1973.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Spills, Washington,
D.C., 1973. p. 291-308.
The preliminary designs of a Sorbent Recovery System are
presented, including descriptions of system components,
operating instructions and costs. The system is able to
recover 90% of the oil in a 1.5 mm slick, with a water content
of <10%.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(1). Entry #247.
C-949-74
THE DESIGN AND DEMONSTRATION OF A REMOTELY-CONTROLLED HIGH-SEAS
OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Neal, R. W., R. A. Bianchi, and E. E. Johanson. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 395-399.
60
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Results of a program, conducted by JBF Scientific Corporation,
to demonstrate and test a spilled-oil recovery system under
offshore conditions are given. A skimmer was designed with
complete remote control capability. In a test, a relatively
unmanned skimmer in remote control successfully recovered oil
in sea state 3.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-950-74
AN OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA
Norton, R. W., and D. W. Lerch. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 317-322.
In the paper, the recovery system acquired by Clean Bay,
Incorporated, designed specifically to clean up oil spills in
the San Francisco Bay area, is described. The following areas
are described: the system's performance specifications,
comparison of wave tank predictions of hull performance with
operating experience, the impact of the requirements for U.S.
Coast Guard tank vessel certification on design and operation
of the recovery system, and Clean Bay's operating experience
with the system.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-951-74
PREVENTION OF POLLUTION FROM CHEMICAL TANKERS
Page, R. C. 1973.
Symposium on Marine Pollution, National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, England, 1973. Paper 73. 6 p.
Recommendations for better control of marine pollution caused
by tanker accidents and discharges of cleaning liquids or
ballast are presented. Design and equipment to reduce marine
pollution are proposed.
Design and engineering
Waste water treatment
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #054853.
61
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C-952-74
THE CYCLONET: A DEVICE FOR PICKING UP OIL SLICKS FROM THE
SEA SURFACE
Pichon, J. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 387-394.
Alsthom-Techniques des Fluides Group has developed a device
for recovering oil slicks straight from the water surface,
called the CYCLONET. Floating oil and water are forced into
a tangential slit inlet of the CYCLONET due to the velocity
of the boat; the flow causes the contents of the system to
rotate and separate out into two components; lighter oil
moves inward and upward and is pumped out to a holding tank
and the heavier water flows downward and outward and is
discharged at the bottom.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-953-74
DEVELOPMENT OF OFFSHORE OIL SPILL PICK-UP SYSTEM IN FRANCE
Ricci, R. 0., and M. J-C. Amande- 1975.
Seventh Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 1975.
The Vortex Oil drinker, developed by ELF-ERAP and Bertin et
Cie, is based on a concept which utilizes a vortex unit in a
device which can increase the concentration of fluid floating
as a thin layer on the surface of a heavier, nonmiscible fluid
to a thick layer zone, from which it is then pumped. Because
of past research on the system, it is considered capable of
combating large offshore spills.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Ocean Industry. 1975. 10(5):77.
C-954-74
A PRACTICAL OIL SPILL CONTROL TRAINING SCHOOL
Robinson, J. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 75-76.
Texas Engineering Extension Service of Texas A & M University
offers a practical oil spill control training course. The
62
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American Petroleum Institute defined the basic characteristics
of this course in "hands-on" training for first line supervisors
and higher positions. Experience will be provided with modern
techniques under a variety of oil spill situations.
Personnel training and education
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-955-74
OIL SPILL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN CANADA
Ross, S. L. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 329-335.
The responsibility of the Environmental Emergency Branch of the
Canadian Department of the Environment is to protect and prevent
activities related to emergency pollution events including oil
spills. The spill technology group is divided into two programs;
the testing, evaluation and development of oil spill control
equipment, materials and techniques; and the design and develop-
ment of various countermeasures systems for specific high risk
areas in Canada.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-956-74
OIL-SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANS FOR THE ALYESKA PIPELINE SYSTEM
Sartor, J. D., W. D. Corich, and D. S. Kauffman. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 281-286.
Alyeska has aimed for zero oil spillage in the design of its
pipeline, but is also preparing comprehensive oil-spill
contingency plans. These plans assign immediate what-to-do
and how-to-do-it actions to individuals in order to protect
the environment, contain and clean up any spill and to restore
any affected areas. Organizational charts are included.
Restoration
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
63
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C-957-74
DISPERSANTS FOR OIL SPILL CLEAN-UP OPERATION: CARRIAGE AND
CONTAINMENT AT SEA
Shuttleworth, F., and P. 6. Jeffrey. 1973.
In: LR 195(OP), UK Department of Trade and Industry. 17 p.
Originally, dispersants came in drums of 40/50 gallon capacity.
These drums were difficult to load, unload and use from tugs
and other vessels. Now, tank storage below deck and pillow tanks
are recognized as considerable improvements. Advantages and
disadvantages are discussed.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2108.
C-958-74
OIL SPILL PREVENTION AND REMOVAL HANDBOOK
Sittig, M. 1974.
Noyes Data Corporation.
The author organizes and clarifies the current ways and means
of preventing or cleaning up oil spills. Methods for cleanup
of any marine environment and their relationships to pollution,
energy and ocean technology are discussed. The handbook is
based largely on government reports and 320 U.S. and five foreign
patents.
Citation Source: Sea Frontiers. 1975. 21(1).
C-959-74
CONDENSED INLAND OIL SPILL CLEANUP MANUAL
Stichting CONCAWE Secretariet. 1974.
Stichting CONCAWE. Report 4a/74. 32 p.
The question of selection of the proper method of oil spill
cleanup is considered. The proposed measures are either
emergency actions or methods that must be used in an early
stage. The equipment described provides inexpensive protection
against the majority of inland oil spills.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(2).
Entry #75-01974.
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C-960-74
TRAINING A CLEANUP RESPONSE TEAM
Tibbetts, A. M. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 59-63.
The five major steps necessary to train an oil spill cleanup
response team are explained with the help of charts. The
training of a 300 person team can be accomplished in about
three months. Steps include an organization chart, detailed
job descriptions, seminars to acquaint the team members with
all techniques, and a practice session.
Personnel training and education
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-961-74
REMOVING OIL FROM RIVERS
Toms, R. G. 1974.
Pollution Monitoring 17:21-22.
A discussion is presented concerning the equipment, services
and planning required to deal with the growing number of oil
spill incidents in rivers of the United Kingdom.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(7). Entry #2659.
C-962-74
DEVELOPMENT OF HARBOR OIL SPILL REMOVAL-RECOVERY SYSTEMS:
PHASE I
Widawsky, A. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 379-386.
The effectiveness of various oil spill cleanup and recovery
equipment was tested in rivers, tanks and on land; the systems
which rated highest on these tests were assembled into two
harbor oil spill removal-recovery systems, one for confined
areas and one for open areas. Findings from tests measuring
the oil removing capabilities of the two systems are described
in detail.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
65
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C-963-74
NAVY HARBOR OIL SPILL CLEANUP: A PROGRESS REPORT
Wilson, J. E., P. F. Nadeau, and J. S. Premack. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 373-378.
Employing the systems analysis approach, the Navy has developed
effective oil spill cleanup systems utilizing the best commer-
cially available equipment with Navy-developed techniques. The
paper reports the progress made by the Navy inland waters oil
spill program in areas of containment, removal, and storage-
transfer of spilled oil.
Containment
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-964-74
WATER HYACINTHS FOR REMOVAL OF PHENOLS FROM POLLUTED WATER
Wolverton, B. C. 1975.
NASA-TM-X-72722. 18 p.
Water hyacinths are able to absorb 100 mg of phenol per plant
per 72 hours from distilled water, river water and bayou water.
Potentially one hectare of water hyacinths can remove 150 kg
of phenol per 72 hours from polluted water.
Restoration
Citation Source: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
1975. 13(7). Entry #N75-16128.
C-965-74
THE MAKING OF A LOCAL CONTINGENCY PLAN
Yates, R. A. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 307-313.
The COTP Portland Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution
Contingency Plan covers 1200 miles of Oregon and Washington
coastline and rivers. The 1350 page document is designed to be
used in the field and to be quickly updated. Successful usage
of the plan in fighting both small and large spills is described.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
66
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C-966-74
OIL-DEBRIS REMOVAL BOAT SAMUEL WILKESON
Ziegler, R. C., and T. J. Lyons. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 449-453.
Buffalo has developed a boat with special equipment, such as
two separators and two 800-gallon tanks for storing recovered
oil, to retrieve floating debris and surface oil from the Buffalo
River. A winch, a specially designed basket and a floating
Dinosaur Dumpster serve to retrieve and store debris.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
67
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3. RESTORATION
C-967-74
REHABILITATING OILED AQUATIC BIRDS
Smith, D. C. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 241-247.
A technology of oiled-bird rehabilitation is being developed,
resulting in an increase in the percentage of treated birds
being successfully released and a decrease in the cost per
bird. A 95% failure rate and $900 per bird cleanup cost for
the 1971 San Francisco oil spill contrast with the 41% survival
rate and $15 per bird cost in 1973. The physiological and
population effects of oil pollution on birds and the recommended
treatments are reviewed.
Cleanup and recovery
Biological effects of oil pollution
Economic effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
68
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C. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
C-968-74
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM DERIVATIVES ON AQUATIC
ORGANISMS
Abadzhiev, V. 1974.
Priroda (Sofia) 23(4):66-68.
A review with no references.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(19).
Entry #119616p.
C-969-74
THE HISTORY OF FARALLON ISLAND MARINE BIRD POPULATIONS, 1854-1972
Ainley, D. G., and T. J. Lewis. 1975.
Condor 76(4):432-466.
The authors report the history of population changes of marine
birds of the Farallon Islands (California), noting an increase
in population stability in the last 20 years. The Islands are
located in one of the busiest shipping lanes in a region of
large refineries and increasing oil tanker traffic. Oil pollution
after 1900 caused sharp declines in populations of tufted puffins,
pigeon, guillemots and murres.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(9).
Entry #47749-
C-970-74
THE EFFECTS OF OIL ON ESTUARINE ANIMALS: TOXICITY, UPTAKE AND
DEPURATION RESPIRATION
Anderson, J. W., J. M. Neff, B. A. Cox, H. E. Tatum, and G. M.
Hightower. 1973.
Effects of Pollutants on the Physiological Ecology of Estuarine
Organisms, University of South Carolina, 1973. p. 285-310.
The research is concerned with short-term toxicity studies to
determine the range of tolerance of organisms to oil, rates of
accumulation and release of oil, and to measure the extent and
69
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nature of physiological changes of organisms exposed to
sublethal oil concentrations.
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Senior author.
C-971-74
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF OIL, HEAVY METALS, AND PCB'S ON MARINE
ORGANISMS
Anderson, J. W., 0. M. Neff, and S. R. Petrocelli. 1973.
Survival in Toxic Environments, Houston, 1973. p. 83-128.
A review is presented of the research conducted on the
sublethal effects of three major pollutant classes commonly
found in estuarine environments. Results indicate that levels
of petroleum hydrocarbons in animal tissues may act to temporarily
alter the regulatory ability of test individuals; the class of
hydrocarbons accumulated to the greatest extent and retained
the longest in animals were the naphthalenes.
Citation Source: Senior author.
C-972-74
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND OYSTER RESOURCES OF GALVESTON BAY,
TEXAS
Anderson, R. D. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 541-548.
Significant amounts of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons were
detected in oysters collected at the lower end of the Houston
Ship Canal. Once transferred to oil-free seawater, oysters
released saturated chains and most aromatic fractions rapidly,
with depuration to less than 0.1 ppm within 52 days. Transfer
of oysters may improve the overall quality of this shellfish
resource.
Economic effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
70
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C-973-74
EFFECTS OF OILS ON BALTIC LITTORAL COMMUNITY, AS STUDIED IN AN
OUTDOOR MODEL TEST SYSTEM
Anonymous. 1974.
IOC-UNESCO, WMO, U.S. Department of Commerce. Petroleum Marine
Pollution Symposium, May 13-17, 1974. p. 144-147.
A method which uses an outdoor model test system to measure the
effects of oil pollution on Baltic littoral fauna is evaluated.
The procedure was found to be rapid and sensitive in measuring
oil effects.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry #75-01554.
C-974-74
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL AND DISPERSANTS ON BIVALVES
Avolizi, R. J., and M. Nuwayhid. 1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(10):149-153.
The respiration and mortality of two species of bivalves exposed
to crude oil, a dispersant, and mixtures of the two were measured.
The crude oil was most toxic to one species, the dispersant was
most toxic to the other. The respiration rate of the mussel was
significantly decreased at sublethal oil concentrations.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. 1975.
5(2). Entry #5Q2069.
C-975-74
EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL DISTURBANCE ON ARCTIC VEGETATION IN THE
ELIZABETH ISLANDS
Babb, T. A., and L. C. Bliss. 1974.
Journal of Applied Ecology 11(2):549-562.
Manipulation and sampling at a high Arctic site have shown that
the plants have only a small effect on thawing and that natural
revegetation is slow. The recovery of the vegetation from diesel
fuel spills is discussed.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(6).
Entry #30670.
71
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C-976-74
TOXICITY TESTS FOR PREDICTING THE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OIL AND
EMULSIFIER POLLUTION ON LITTORAL COMMUNITIES
Barker, J. M., and G. B. Crapp. 1974.
In: Ecological Aspects of Toxicity Testing of Oils and
Dispersants, Institute of Petroleum, London. Beynon, L. R.,
and E. B. Cowell (eds.). p. 23-40.
Some tests were made in order to bridge the gap between laboratory
and field studies on the relative toxicity of oils and emulsifiers
and their effects on salt marshes and rocky shores. Predictions
of the long- and short-term effects of emulsifiers are made, based
on laboratory tests and field and lab correlations. Factors
affecting the accuracy of this prediction are discussed.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. 1975.
5(2). Entry I5Q2082.
C-977-74
TOXICITY TESTING AT THE STATION MARINE D'ENDOUME
Bellan, G. L. 1974.
In: Ecological Aspects of Toxicity Testing of Oils and Dispersants,
Institute of Petroleum, London. Beynon, L. R., and E. B. Cowell
(eds.). p. 63-67.
The effects of several pollutants, including emulsifiers and
detergents, on various invertebrates have been studied using both
short- and long-term bioassays. The test animals represent all
different trophic levels and come from waters ranging from highly
polluted to clean.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. 1975.
5(2). Entry #5Q2085.
C-978-74
EFFECT OF AN OIL SPILL ON BENTHIC ANIMALS IN THE LOWER YORK
RIVER, VIRGINIA
Bender, M. E., et al. 1974.
IOC-UNESCO, WMO, U.S. Department of Commerce. Petroleum Marine
Pollution Symposium, May 13-17, 1974. p. 150-153.
72
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A study was conducted to measure the effect of an accidental
oil spill on the intertidal benthic fauna of the Lower York
River. The study incorporates information obtained from field
survey data as well as from laboratory bioassay studies.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry #75-01556.
C-979-74
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TOXICITY TESTING OF OILS AND DISPERSANTS
Beynon, L. R., and E. B. Colwell (eds.). 1974.
Applied Science Publishers Ltd., Barkiny, Essex, viii + 149.
Articles are individually abstracted. This volume is a review
of toxicity testing research in Europe. The discussion is
fully reported. Emphasis is placed on experimental procedures,
the choice of biological materials and the interpretation of
results.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Journal of Marine Biological Association of
the United Kingdom. 1975. 55(2):507.
C-980-74
HYDROCARBON RESIDUES IN IVORY COAST WATERS
Binet, D., and E. Marchal. 1974.
Report No. EPA-TR-69-75. 11 p. Translations of mono.: Sur la
Presence de Residus d'Hydrocarbures dans les Eaux Ivoiriennes,
Ostrom (1970).
The presence of hydrocarbon residues on the beaches, in plankton
net hauls and fish stomachs has increased. The oil may be
partially responsible for the decrease in numbers of fish eggs
and larvae. Tankers should be forced to respect international
rules on tank cleaning.
International legislation
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(3). Entry #PB-237 797-T/GA.
73
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C-981-74
CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY OF ISOPROPYL OIL [English summary]
Bittersohl, G. 1975.
Archiv fuer Geschwulstforschung 43(13):250-253.
Isopropyl alcohol alone is probably not carcinogenic; but in
combination with oil or fusel oil, it may act as a carcinogen.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(3).
Entry #15451.
C-982-74
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AND THE.GROWTH OF MARINE ALGAE
Boney, A. D. 1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(12):185-186.
Cancerous growth in certain seaweeds can be stimulated by a
single contact with aromatic compounds found in marine muds.
In this study, some aromatic hydrocarbons are found to stimulate
algal growth. Not all of these compounds have been identified
as carcinogenic when using mammals as test organisms.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-983-74
UPTAKE, DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECTS OF OUTBOARD MOTOR EXHAUST
EMISSIONS IN GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS AURATUS)
Brenniman, G. R. 1975.
Dissertation Abstracts International B 35(7):3374.
It was concluded from laboratory experiments that toluene can
enter into the systems of the fish, be distributed throughout
the body, and be cleared in a short period of time. Such rapid
clearance indicates the unlikelihood of any hazards to man
from toluene or related exhaust hydrocarbons.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(19).
Entry #119784s.
C-984-74
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF THE SAN FRANCISCO OIL SPILL ON MARINE
LIFE. PART II: RECRUITMENT
Chan, G. L. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 457-461.
74
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A comparison of intertidal transect data from before and after
a Bunker C oil spill in January, 1971, indicated that 4.2 to 7.5
million marine invertebrates, mainly mussels, returned to normal
numbers in 1972 to 1974 observations. Heavy recruitment in these
years indicates that the oil spill had no lingering effects.
Monitoring
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-985-74
LONG-TERM CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FECT: OF A PERSISTENT OIL
SPILL FOLLOWING THE GROUNDING OF T,.£ GENcRAL M. C. MEIGS
Clark, R. C., Jr., J. S. Finley, B. G. Patten, and E. E.
De Nick. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 479-487.
Petroleum residues were detectable in certain marine animals for
nine months after the initial wreck. All differences in population
counts were attributable to seasonal variation, although the sea
urchin population was damaged. Long-term effects on speciation
or numerical abundance were not apparent.
Monitoring
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-986-74
MARINE POLLUTION IN THE NORTH EAST ATLANTIC
Cole, H. A. 1973.
Nature Focus 17:10-13.
A review is given of the effects of sewage, wastes, oil, heavy
metals and persistent organic substances on the production of
fish and shellfish in the North East Atlantic. Marine pollution
control measures are suggested.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(7). Entry #2422.
C-987-74
QUALITATIVE STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF NAPHTHALENE IN MAJA
SQUINADO
Corner, E. D. S., C. C. Kilvington, and S. C. M. O'Hara. 1973.
Journal of the Marine Biological Association, United Kingdom
53(4):819-832.
75
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The identification of certain naphthalene-related substances
in the urine of M. squinado following naphthalene administration
is discussed.
Analysis
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(21).
Entry #133706z.
C-988-74
A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF PRESENT PRACTICE
Cowell, E. B. 1974.
In: Ecological Aspects of Toxicity Testing of Oils and
Dispersants, Institute of Petroleum, London. Beynon, L. R.,
and E. B. Cowell (eds.). p. 97-104.
Toxicity tests are conducted for ranking or predictive purposes.
The choice of test species must be carefully made. Other problems,
such as emulsion particle size, poor mixing, and bacterial
hazards, are discussed and the importance of field trials stressed.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts, 1975.
5(2). Entry #5Q2088.
C-989-74
AN EXPERIMENTAL OIL SPILL: THE DISTRIBUTION OF AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS IN THE WATER, SEDIMENT, AND ANIMAL TISSUES WITHIN A
SHRIMP POND
Cox, B. A., J. W. Anderson, and J. C. Parker. 1975-
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 607-612.
A high aromatic No. 2 fuel oil was experimentally spilled on a
shrimp pond. Mortalities of shrimp and other invertebrates were
observed over 96 hours. Peak mortality coincided with a peak
in the concentration of naphthalenes. After 10 days, shrimp
released naphthalenes in the laboratory at near background
levels; oysters took 47 days to 96 days to depurate to background
naphthalene levels.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
76
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C-990-74
SOME RESPONSES OF PLANKTONIC ORGANISMS TO [sic] ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
Crisafi, P. 1973.
International Colloquium of Medical Oceanography, 6th, Portoroz,
Yugoslavia, 1973.
A new morphological structure, a muff-shaped form on the anal
segments of copepods, may be due to hydrocarbons in the food or
changes in feeding habits promoted by environmental fluctuation.
Discussion of whether the plankton stay in a polluted area long
enough to study the effects of pollution is included.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2094.
C-991-74
INFLUENCE OF OIL ON NUCLEIC ACIDS OF ALGAE
Davavin, I. A., 0. G. Mironov, and I. M. Tsimbal. 1975.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 6(1):13-14.
The effects of oil on biologically active compounds such as
DNA and RNA were studied using Black Sea algae and Lomastikinskaya
oil. Inhibition of biosynthesis in these organisms and modifica-
tion of the degree of polymerization of deoxyribonucleic acids
were observed.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-992-74
THE EFFECTS OF OILS ON GROWTH OF FRESHWATER PHYTOPLANKTON
Dennington, V. N., J. J. George, and C. E. Wyborn. 1975.
Environmental Pollution 8(3):233-237.
Studies demonstrated that the freshwater alga Euglena gracilis
Klebs will grow in cultures containing up to 10% diesel and
lubricating oils, whereas the presence of lubricating oil and
diesel oil reduces and halts the growth of Scenedesmus
quadricauda (Turpin) Bre"bisson. The photosynthetic metabolism
of species may be affected by oils.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
77
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C-993-74
TISSUE HYDROCARBON BURDEN OF MUSSELS AS POTENTIAL MONITOR OF
ENVIRONMENTAL HYDROCARBON INSULT
DiSalvo, L. H., H. E. Guard, and L. Hunter. 1975.
Environmental Science and Technology 9(3):247-251.
Data are presented on the hydrocarbon content of mussels
collected from stations in San Francisco Bay and clean water.
Hydrocarbon uptake by unpolluted mussels, hydrocarbon loss
when polluted mussels were transferred to clean water, and the
result of placing these transports back in their home waters
were examined.
Analysis
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-994-74
OILS AND DISPERSANTS: CHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Dodd, E. N. 1974.
In: Ecological Aspects of Toxicity Testing of Oils and
Dispersants, Institute of Petroleum, London, 1974. Beynon,
L. R., and E. B. Cowell (eds.). p. 3-9.
The toxicity of oils lies in the short-term acute effects of low
boiling aromatics, the potential long-term effects of higher
molecular weight polynuclear species, and physical effects. The
chemical characteristics, action, administration, and toxicity
characteristics of dispersants are discussed.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. 1975.
5(2). Entry #5Q2053.
C-995-74
THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF THREE NEW SURFACTANT MIXTURES TO A MAYFLY
LARVAE
Dolan, J. M., B. C. Gregg, J. Cairns, Jr., K. L. Dickson, and
A. C. Hendricks. 1974.
Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie 74(1):123-132.
The toxicity of three surfactants, DBS, 7BS and a nonionic
surfactant, were determined using static bioassays under comparable
conditions. The EC50 and ET50 values were obtained.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. 1975-
5(1). Entry #5Q834.
78
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C-996-74
EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON THE EFFECT OF MERCURY, CADMIUM AND
DISSOLVED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ON THE COASTAL PHYTOPLANKTON
OF THE CASPIAN SEA [English abstract]
Doroshev, S. I. (ed.). 1973.
Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta
Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Okeanografii 94:75-79.
The three pollutants were added to samples of phytoplankton,
which were then incubated for 5-6 days under a day/night light
regime. The relative photosynthetic rate as measured by Cl4
indicated the inhibition or stimulation of the algae and
depended on the toxic products content.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(1). Entry #5Q847.
C-997-74
ASPECTS OF ORGANIC MARINE POLLUTION
Duursma, E. K., and M. Marchand. 1974.
In: Oceanography and Marine Biology. Barnes, H. (ed.).
Vol. 12:315-431.
Studies of the geochemical and bio-effects of organic pollutants
are reviewed with emphasis on the chemical methods used. This
review includes topics such as world quantities and production,
herbicides, PCB's, oil and hydrocarbons, sewage, detergents and
pulp mill effluents.
Chemical effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2055.
C-998-74
LATENT EFFECTS OF IRANIAN CRUDE OIL AND A CHEMICAL OIL DISPERSANT
ON RED SEA MOLLUSKS
Eisler, R. 1973.
Israel Journal of Zoology 22(2-4):97-105.
Predation rate of the gastropod drill, Drupa granulata. on the
mussel, Mytilus variabilis, was determined for 28 days after
adults had been exposed to seawater solutions containing high
sublethal concentrations of Iranian crude oil. The predation rate
was 3 times higher in control groups than in groups where adults
had been initially exposed. Experiments measuring the fecundity
of drills and mussels exposed to oil dispersants are described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(11).
Entry #68976w.
79
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C-999-74
TOXIC, SUBLETHAL, AND LATENT EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM ON RED SEA
MACROFAUNA
Eisler, R. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 535-540.
The action of crude oil and of chemical oil dispersants on the
survival, metabolism and behavior of some Red Sea macrofauna
was studied. Species were more resistant to toxicants in large
tanks and at depths beyond 1.0 m. Sublethal effects include
reduction in feeding rate and reproduction, interference with
substrate attachment and bioaccumulation of crude oils.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l000-74
ELIMINATION OF HYDROCARBONS BY MUSSELS
Fossato, V. U. 1975.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 6(1):7-10.
Mussels were transferred from a petroleum polluted area to a
relatively clean area and the elimination of hydrocarbons was
monitored. During the first 10-15 days, elimination was rapid
with a biological half-life of 3-1/2 days. But then elimination
slowed; 12% of the initial content was still present after 8 weeks.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1001-74
EFFECTS ON COMMUNITY METABOLISM OF OIL AND CHEMICALLY DISPERSED
OIL ON BALTIC BLADDER WRACK, FUCUS VESICULOSUS
Ganning, B., and U. Billing. 1974.
In: Ecological Aspects of Toxicity Testing of Oils and
Dispersants, Institute of Petroleum, London, 1974. Beynon,
L. R., and E. B. Cowell (eds.). p. 53-61.
Algal metabolism, measured by 02 changes, was correlated to
various concentrations of oil and dispersed oil in in situ
experiments. Community metabolism increased with increasing
concentrations. Gross primary production decreased with increasing
concentrations, a significant effect at lower concentrations of
emulsified oil. The algae were also not as able to recover from
the effects of emulsified oil.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. 1975.
5(2). Entry #5Q2084.
80
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C-l002-74
MORPHOLOGICAL ANOMALIES IN ADULT OYSTER, SCALLOP, AND ATLANTIC
SILVERSIDES EXPOSED TO WASTE MOTOR OIL
Gardner, G. R., P. P. Yevich, and P. F. Rogerson. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 473-477.
Morphological anomalies developed in adult oyster, bay scallop
and Atlantic silversides exposed to waste motor oil in con-
centrations of 20 ppm and higher. Lesions in the vascular or
gastrointestinal system developed. These lesions, however, are
not comparable to lesions in these species following exposure
to either crude or fuel oil.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l003-74
DECREASE OF NET CARBON FLUX IN TWO SPECIES OF MUSSELS CAUSED
BY EXTRACTS OF CRUDE OIL
Gilfillan, E. S. 1975.
Marine Biology 29(l):53-57.
The net carbon flux was determined for two species of common
mussels under various combinations of salinity and crude oil
concentration. Both crude oil presence and decreased salinity
decreased the net carbon flux. The two stresses interacted
in their effects.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1004-74
TOXICITY TESTING AT THE BIOLOGISCHE ANSTALT HELGOLAND, WEST
GERMANY
Grinkel, W. 1974.
In: Ecological Aspects of Toxicity Testing of Oils and
Dispersants, Institute of Petroleum, London, 1974. Beynon,
L. R., and E. B. Cowell (eds.). p. 75-85.
Experiments demonstrating the limitations of the LD§Q method
for determining toxicity are described. Bacteria from freshly
sampled seawater were more sensitive to three emulsifiers than
laboratory cultures. Herring larvae are also sensitive to very
low concentrations of oil emulsions.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2087.
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C-1005-74
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF LAND REHABILITATION FOLLOWING HYDROCARBON
CONTAMINATION
Gudin, C., and W. J. Syratt. 1975.
Environmental Pollution 8(2):107-112.
The respiratory activity of four different soil types which had
accidentally or intentionally received hydrocarbons over a one-
to four-year period was studied. Incorporation of hydrocarbon
material causes an increase in microbial oxygen uptake and
competition occurs between microorganisms and higher plants for
available soil nitrogen. Proposals for the rehabilitation of
oil spill sites are given.
Restoration
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1006-74
THE STATUS OF OILED WILDLIFE: RESEARCH AND PLANNING
Hay, K. G. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 249-253.
Substantial efforts and progress have been made in oiled-wildlife
research. This status report discusses new techniques leading
to higher survival rates, preventive measures to keep birds out
of spill areas, and the development of contingency plans.
Biological problems are assessed.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1007-74
EXPERIMENTAL CRUDE OIL SPILLS ON A SMALL SUBARCTIC LAKE IN THE
MACKENZIE VALLEY, N.W.T.: EFFECTS ON PHYTOPLANKTON, PERIPHYTON,
AND ATTACHED AQUATIC VEGETATION
Hellebust, J. A., B. Hanna, R. G. Sheath, M. Gergis, and T. X.
Hutchinson. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 509-515.
Neither phytoplankton composition nor abundance was affected by
the presence of crude oil, although laboratory experiments
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indicated growth inhibition. Most members of the periphyton
were inhibited. Macrophytes showed immediate reduction in
chlorophyll and a later reduction in biomass after exposure to
crude oil.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1008-74
THE "JULIANA" OIL POLLUTION ON SHORE LIFE AND EFFECTS OF SEVERAL
OIL-SPILL REMOVERS ON SOME FISHES AND SEA URCHIN EGGS IN THE
LABORATORY
Honma, Y., and T. Kitami. 1974.
Annual Report of the Sado Marine Biological Station, Niigata
University 4:5-13.
The sequence of events, the movement of oil on the water and the
effects of crude oil and oil spill removers on sea life were
observed continuously after the tanker "Juliana" spilled 64,000
tons of oil in the Japan Sea. The median tolerance limits for
the oil spill detergents used were determined in the lab for
several species of fish and fertilized sea urchin eggs. The
effects of the oil spill were not considered severe.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(7).
Entry #40471.
C-1009-74
EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL CRUDE OIL SPILLS ON TAIGA AND TUNDRA
VEGETATION OF THE CANADIAN ARCTIC
Hutchinson, T. C-, and W. Freedman. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 517-525.
Short- and long-term effects of summer and winter oil spillage
have been observed over three growing seasons. Although species
varied, little recovery was apparent even after the third summer
after direct oil contact. Damage increased the second year after
a spill due to winter killing factors. The taiga was more
susceptible than the tundra.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
83
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C-1010-74
THE EFFECTS OF THE INTERACTION OF OUTBOARD MOTORS WITH THE
AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT: A REVIEW
Jackivicz, T. P., Jr., and L. N. Kuzminski. 1973.
Environmental Research 6(4):436-454.
The effects of various compounds discharged by outboard motor
exhausts on water quality and aquatic organisms are reviewed.
Sufficiently high concentrations of outboard motor exhausts
can be toxic to fathead minnows and bluegills, taints flesh
of various fish and may affect their reproduction. Current
related research is presented.
Chemical effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(9). Entry #W75-04816.
C-1011-74
STUDIES ON OIL POLLUTION AND SEABIRDS IN DENMARK 1968-1971
Joensen, A. H. 1973.
Danish Review of Game Biology 6(9):l-32.
Studies of five major oil spills and numerous small incidents
led to an evaluation of the extent of oil pollution and an
estimate of the resulting number of birds killed during June,
1968 to June, 1971. Maintaining a diverse population of seabirds
necessitates regulations against oil pollution.
Reporting
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 9(4).
Entry #23085.
C-1012-74
IMPACT OF OIL REFINERY WASTES ON A SMALL TROUT STREAM
Johnson, W. G., and R. L. Glazer. 1974.
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Game
and Fish Section of Technical Services, Investigational Report
No. 323. p. 1-21.
Results are given of an investigation which examined stream
conditions in Little Silver Creek (Minnesota), which receives
oil refinery wastes in its south branch. Substantial differences
were noted in estimated standing crops for fish and benthic fauna
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from the north and south branches of the creek, and higher
concentrations of total phosphorus and ammonia-nitrogen were
measured in water samples from the south branch.
Chemical effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental
Pollutants. 1974. 3(12). Entry #12201.
C-1013-74
BIOASSAYS INDICATIVE OF SOME SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
Kittredge, J. S., F. T. Takahashi, and F. 0. Sarinana. 1974.
Conference of the Marine Technology Society, 10th, Washington,
D. C., 1974. p. 891-898.
Investigations were conducted examining the effects of the
water soluble component of crude oils on chemically triggered
behavioral responses of crabs, Exposure to water-soluble
extracts of two crude oils completely inhibited both the
"feeding response" and the "mating stance" response of males
when presented with a female sex pheromone.
Chemical effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Marine Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #071901.
C-1014-74
EFFECTS OF TWO CYCLE OUTBOARD ENGINE EXHAUSTS ON PHYTOPLANKTON
Kumar, I. J. 1974.
Dissertation Abstracts, International B 35(5):2229.
The aim of the study was to measure the growth response of algae
to the exhaust from two-cycle engines, including crankcase
drainage and gaseous exhausts. Results show that addition of
1-3 ppm crankcase drainage increased the algal growth potential,
whereas higher concentrations of crankcase drainage (10 ppm or
more) reduced it. Reduction of the algal growth potential by
50% was observed after operation of a two-cycle engine and
release of exhausts.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
85
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C-1015-74
EFFECT OF SELECTED SURFACTANTS ON THE GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS
OF GYMNODINIUM BREVE!
Kutt, E. C., and D. F. Martin. 1975.
Marine Biology 28(4):253-259.
Anionic as opposed to cationic and non-ionic surfactants are
most unfavorable to the initial response, growth rate and
maximum cell numbers of Gymnodinium breve. The greatest
decrease in growth rate was at 12.5 ppb. When tested in a
mixed natural red tide sample, the surfactant did not disturb
the other algae or zooplankton but killed 78% of the £. breve.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1016-74
EFFECTS OF THREE EMULSIFYING AGENTS AGAINST CRUDE OIL ON THE
PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY OF AN EXPERIMENTAL COMMUNITY OF BENTHIC
DIATOMS
Lacaze, J. C. 1972-73.
EPA-TR-56-75. 19 p. Translation of Vie Milieu (France) 23 Pt. 1,
Series B:51-57. 1972-1973.
Laboratory populations of micro-algae were exposed to three
emulsifying agents for various time periods. Two of the three
showed no toxicity, whereas the third, which was used in the
Torrey Canyon disaster, ended primary productivity five days
after a 30 minute exposure. A new community then developed and
doubled the original level of primary productivity in 30 days.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(3). Entry #PB-237 812-T/GA.
C-1017-74
ECOTOXICOLOGY OF CRUDE OILS AND THE USE OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE
ECOSYSTEMS
Lacaze, J. C. 1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(10):153-156.
The experimental set-up consisted of five non-polluted units,
five units polluted with 100 ml of crude oil and five units
polluted with 100 ml of a crude oil emulsion plus a dispersant
Primary production in the polluted units decreased to almost
86
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zero, but after 17 days primary production increased to half
that of the controls. The dispersant increased the toxic
effect.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2012.
C-1018-74
MARINE MOLYSMOLOGY: THE PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL
ECOSYSTEMS SET UP IN THE RANIE RIVER ESTUARY
Lacaze, J. C. 1974.
EPA-TR-86-75. 9 p. Translation of Academie des Sciences,
Paris. Comptes Rendus (France) 278:2531-2534. 1974.
Crude oil initially decreased primary production by 50%. The
effect disappeared by day three, but toxic effects began on day
four and increased until production was almost totally inhibited
one week after pollution. This phase lasted 10 days; then
production increased to half that of the controls.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(3). Entry #PB-237 777-T/GA.
C-1019-74
USE OF A SIMPLE EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE TO STUDY WATER POLLUTION IN
SITU: COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF 3 ANTI-PETROLEUM EMULSIVE AGENTS
Lacaze, J. C. 1974.
EPA-TR-87-75. 23 p. Translation of Tethys (France) 3(4):
705-716. 1971.
Experiments on three emulsive agents were done in an oyster
culture lagoon. Of the three products, one produced only weak
and temporary changes, one acted as a fertilizer and the third
caused almost complete inhibition of photosynthesis in the
experimental ecosystems during the 15-day experiment.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(3). Entry #PB-237 784-T/GA.
C-1020-74
CHANGE IN ENZYME ACTIVITY AND PROTEIN QUANTITY OF YEAST DURING
VARIOUS CONTENT OF RESIDUAL HYDROCARBONS IN BIOMASS [English
summary]
Latysheva, N. N., N. D. Koshtoyants, A. M. Chopyak, and A. D.
Gololobov. 1974.
Prikladnaya Biokhimiya i Mikrobiologiya 10(3):385-389.
87
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The activity of NAD- and NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenases
and fumarase in yeast cultivated on paraffin decreased when a
definite level of residual hydrocarbons was achieved.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(9).
Entry #48830.
C-1021-74
FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ZOOPLANKTON
Lee, R. F. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 549-553.
Several groups of zooplankton from the northwest North American
coast rapidly took up various hydrocarbons. Crustaceans meta-
bolized these hydrocarbons but jellyfish did not. The benzo-
pyrene ingested by a copepod was depurated to 1 x 10~5 yg in 17
days; no further loss occurred.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1022-74
THE EFFECTS OF ALASKAN CRUDE OIL AND SELECTED HYDROCARBON
COMPOUNDS ON EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Legore, R. S. 1975.
Dissertation Abstracts International, Section B 35(7):3168-B.
In an effort to assess the potential danger of accidental oil
spills, the toxicity of Prudhoe Bay crude oil and several
hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum to the Pacific oyster, C_.
gigas, was investigated. It was found that the toxicity of
pure hydrocarbons increased as the boiling point increased and
hydrocarbon toxicity seemed unrelated to their solubility in
water.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(15).
Entry #203,485.
C-1023-74
A SYSTEM FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHRONIC EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS
ON THE PHYSIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF MARINE ORGANISMS
Livingston, R. J., C. R. Cripe, C. C. Koenig, F. G. Lewis III,
and B. D. DeGrove. 1974.
Florida Sea Grant, 4NOAA-74092302. 19 p.
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Quantitative changes in behavior due to pollutants in the water
can be observed in a sound-proof controlled environment room with
close circuit television. This system may contribute to knowledge
about sublethal effects of pollutants on key animals in order
to better understand the significance of residues in the
environment.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(3). Entry #COM-74-11705/2GA.
C-1024-74
POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
OF RED SEA CORALS
Loya, Y. 1975.
Marine Biology 29(2):177-185.
Before a low tide killed 90% of the corals, a control reef and
a reef chronically polluted by oil had the same community
structure. Three years after the kill, the control reef was
"blooming," but the polluted reef had almost no coral recoloniza-
tion. Chronic oil spills may prevent normal settlement and/or
development of coral larvae, or damage the reproductive system
of corals.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1025-74
FATE AND EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL ON AN ESTUARINE POND
Lytle, J. S. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 595-600.
Both short- and long-term effects of crude oil were observed on
salt marsh plants, fish populations, and zooplankton. Oil
migrated 42 cm beneath the sediment surface, carried both by
benthic organisms and tidal percolations. Sediment analyses
indicate slow degradation of the crude oil.
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
89
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C-l026-74
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BLUEGILL SUNFISH (LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS) TO
NONIONIC SURFACTANTS
Macek, K. J., and S. F. Krzeminski. 1975.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 13(3):
377-384.
The toxicities of a wide variety of nonionic surfactants, under
both static and dynamic conditions, to bluegill sunfish were
determined. Alcohol ethoxylates are more lethal than alkyl-
phenol ethoxylates. Increasing the ethoxylate chain length
increases toxicity.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal'.
C-1027-74
RELATIVE TOXICITY OF SEVEN OIL-SPILL EMULSIFIERS
Maggi, P. 1974.
Translations of Revue des Travaux Institut des Peches Maritimes
(France) 36(1):121-124. 1974.
The direct toxicity of seven emulsifiers on several marine animals
was studied. Not all products were equally toxic.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(4). Entry #PB-237 791-T/GA.
C-1028-74
ENERGY METABOLISM OF OILED MUSKRATS
Mcewan, E. H., N. Aitchison, and P. E. Whitehead. 1974.
Canadian Journal of Zoology 52(8):1057-1062.
Results are presented of a study which measured the heat production
of muskrats 0, 1 and 3 days after being oiled with varying
quantities of crude oil at -5°, 5°, and 10°C. Data indicated the
unlikelihood of muskrat survival under exposure to moderate amounts
of oil and natural conditions.
Citation Source: Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental
Pollution. 1975. 4(3). Entry #2652.
90
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C-l029-74
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF AN OIL SPILL AT WEST FALMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS
Michael, A. D., C. R. Van Raalte, and L. S. Brown. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 573-582.
The status of the benthic fauna in the fourth and fifth year
after a small spill of fuel oil is documented in this paper.
Hydrocarbons typical of weathered fuel oil were found in the
sediments of the marsh, boat basin and two offshore stations.
Recovery for the total benthos has reached a plateau but
individual areas and species are still in the process of
recovery.
Sampling
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l030-74
EFFECTS OF WATER DISPERSIONS AND WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF TWO
CRUDE AND TWO PROCESSED OILS ON THREE MARINE ALGAL SPECIES
Mills, E. R., Jr. 1974.
Ph.D. Thesis, Texas A & M University. 102 p.
A haptophyte, a dinoflagellate and a diatom were exposed to four
oils, either as dispersions or solutions in water, Population
growth rates and chlorophyll a levels were measured in 72-hour
static cultures.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(18).
Entry #204,501.
C-l031-74
BREEDING OF NUMBERS AND REPRODUCTIVE RATE OF EIDERS AT THE SANDS
OF FORVIE NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE, SCOTLAND
Milne, H. 1974.
IBIS 116(2):135-152.
The paper reports the changes in the total population of eiders
at the Nature Reserve, Aberdeenshire, between the period 1961
and 1970. The effects of oil pollution on eider size at the
winter grounds in 1968 are indicated.
Citation Source: Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental
Pollutants. 1975. 4(3). Entry #2279.
91
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C-1032-74
DEVELOPMENT OF CERTAIN BLACK SEA FISHES IN SEA CONTAMINATED BY
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Mironov, 0. 6. 1974.
Report No. EPA-TR-31-175. 10 p. Translation of Monograph,
Razvitie Nekotorykh Chernomorskikh Ryb y Morskoi Vode,
Zagryazennnoi Nefteproduktami, n.p., n.d.
Fertilized eggs of three species of fish were placed in
seawater containing petroleum, solar oil and mazut. The
species had differing sensitivities to the oil, but death
of the organisms occurred at concentrations of 0.001 ml/1.
Lower concentrations were also toxic.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(3). Entry #PB-237 904-T/GA.
C-l033-74
SUMMARY REPORT ON EFFECTS OF OIL DISCHARGES, DOMESTIC AND
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS IN THE FISHERIES OF LAKE MARACAIBO,
VENEZUELA
Moore, H. J. 1974.
In: Lake Maracaibo Ecology. Published by Creole Petroleum
Corporation. 1974.
A three-year study acquired data on sources and effects of
pollution on the fishery resource. The report concludes that
although oil spills have occurred, discernable damage has not
occurred. Volatilization, biodegradation and sedimentation
decrease potential effects. The fish were not accumulating
hydrocarbons.
General fate of oil in the environment
Economic effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2095.
C-1034-74
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OFFSHORE EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION
Moore, S. F., G. R. Chirlin, C. J. Puccia, and B. P. Schrader.
1974.
Offshore North Sea 1974 Safety and Environmental Protection
Conference, Stavanger, Norway, September 3-6, 1974. Paper No
S-II/5. 23 p.
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This paper summarizes a recent MIT report on the potential
impact of oil discharges in the outer continental shelf region
of the U.S. Atlantic Coast and the Gulf of Alaska. The authors
conclude that spills from Atlantic offshore platforms will not
create great biological damage; the primary effect would be tar
balls on beaches. However, more southerly states have a higher
probability of experiencing significant coastal biological
damage.
General effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(12).
Entry #202,512.
C-1035-74
LIPID COMPOSITION OF SURFACE FILMS AND ZOOPLANKTON FROM THE
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
Morris, R. J. 1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(7):105-109.
Petroleum hydrocarbons pollute the natural surface films in the
Eastern Mediterranean and also form subsurface oil/water emulsions.
Surface living zooplankton have high levels of non-natural hydro-
carbons in their lipid store, suggesting that the animals store
and concentrate petroleum hydrocarbons.
Analysis
Sampling
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(1). Entry #5Q843.
C-1036-74
A SALT MARSH MICROCOSM: AN EXPERIMENTAL UNIT FOR MARINE POLLUTION
STUDIES
Nadeau, R. 0., and T. H. Roush. 1973.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Spills, Washington,
D.C., 1973. p. 671-684.
A salt marsh microcosm was established and monitored to study
the fate and effects of oil spills upon coastal salt marshes.
No significant differences were observed in the growth of low
and high marsh grass species when comparing growth in the microcosm
to a nearby native salt marsh. Gas chromatography, ultraviolet
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and fluorescent spectrophotometry were used to monitor the fate
of oil released into one side of the microcosm.
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(1). Entry #248.
C-l037-74
TOXICITY OF FOUR OIL DISPERSANTS TO SOME ANIMALS FROM THE
BALTIC SEA
Nagell, B., M. Notini, and 0. Grahn. 1974.
Marine Biology 28(4):237-243.
Three water-base dispersants and one oil-base dispersant were
tested on two species of fish, two species of bivalves and two
species of crustaceans. Significant differences in toxicity
of the water base dispersants were found at high concentrations,
probably due to the solvent type and concentration. The oil-
and water-base dispersants differed in toxicity for the different
animal groups.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1038-74 1A
ACCUMULATION, RELEASE AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENZO [A] PYRENE-C1^
IN THE CLAM RANGIA CUNEATA
Neff, J. M., and J. M. Anderson. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 469-471.
After a 24-hour exposure to 0.0305 ppm benzo [a]pyrene-C ,
clam tissues were 200 times above the ambient level; most of
the radioactivity was in the viscera. Release began as soon
as the clams were placed in clean seawater. After 30 days,
only .07 ppm remained; release was complete in 58 days.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l039-74
BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES AS INDEXES OF WATER QUALITY IN
WHETSTONE CREEK, MORROW COUNTY, OHIO (SCIOTO RIVER BASIN)
Olive, J. H., and C. A. Dembach. 1973.
Ohio Journal of Science 73(3)-.129-148.
94
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Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected from six sampling
stations in Whetstone Creek, a tributary of the Olentangy
River, which, in 1966, received sewage wastes from a secondary
sewage treatment plant, septic tank drainage, stormwater
runoff from agricultural lands, and brines from oil field
operations. Pollution-sensitive and facultative organisms
were collected from the relatively unpolluted upstream waters.
Pollution-tolerant tubificids, leeches, chironomids and
pulmonate snails increased in abundance and percentage composi-
tion at the lower, pollutant affected stations.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(8).
Entry #46008.
C-l040-74
OILED SEABIRDS SUCCESSFULLY CLEANING THEIR PLUMAGE
Phillips, 0., and J. R. Mather. 1974.
British Birds 67(11):483-484.
One author presents a report confirming that adult seabirds can
clean their oiled feathers. He suggests the birds can tolerate
moderate levels of oil in the digestive system. The second
author feels that molting may be a possible explanation for the
complete and quick disappearance of the oil.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1041-74
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND ALGOLOGICAL SURVEY OF A PRIMARY STAGE OF
EUTROPHICATION IN A STREAM [English summary]
Pierre, J.-F., and G. Kilbertus. 1974.
Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France 120(7/8):293-302.
A low level of petroleum appears to cause eutrophication. In
this study on the consequences of a low level of petroleum on
the quantity and quality of bacterial and algal flora, species
indicative of eutrophication existed in areas with traces of
petroleum.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(5).
Entry #24678.
C-1042-74
A CONTINUOUS FLOW KINETIC MODEL TO PREDICT THE EFFECTS OF
TEMPERATURE ON THE TOXICITY OF OIL REFINERY WASTE TO ALGAE
Reynolds, J. H., and E. J. Middlebrooks. 1973.
Research Report, W75-01408, OWRT-B-070-UTAH (2). 44 p.
95
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Since oil refinery wastes may range from 22°C to 41°C, the
effects of increased temperature on the toxicity of the
wastes is of interest. Equations using chemostat and enzyme
kinetics have been developed to describe the effect on algae.
The equations were tested with data from a phenol algae system,
and the results suggest phenol has a competitive inhibition
effect on growth.
Waste water treatment
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(4). Entry #PB-237 699/4GA.
C-1043-74
THE EFFECT OF PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL ON SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF
EGGS, ALEVINS, AND FRY OF PINK SALMON, ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA
Rice, S. D., D. A. Moles, and J. W. Short. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 503-507.
The 96-hour median tolerance limit of fry was 0.4 ml/1 of oil
in freshwater and 0.04 ml/1 in seawater. Growth in alevins was
affected by 10-day sublethal exposures of the water-soluble
fraction, and was most severely affected if exposure occurred
during developmental stages. Susceptibility of the early life
stages of pink salmon is greatest at the time of emergence and
of fry migration.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1Q44-74
BOONE CREEK OIL SPILL
Schultz, D., and L. B. Tebo, Jr. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 583-588.
A biological survey was conducted on the effects of a diesel
fuel spill in a small stream. About 90% of the fish community
was destroyed by the initial spill. Hydrocarbons were still
present in substrate sediment samples 13 months after the
spill.
Sampling
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
96
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C-1045-74
AN HISTORICAL REVIEW OF OIL SPILLS ALONG THE MAINE COAST
Shenton, E. H. 1973.
TRIGOM Report 3.
Observations of the 451 reported oil spills occurring along
Maine's coast and spill effects are presented. The most
important biological impacts of the spill events are assessed.
The data show long-term oil persistence and biological impacts
in two cases.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(3).
Entry #02315.
C-1046-74
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE TOXICITY OF OIL REFINERY WASTE,
SODIUM CHLORATE, AND TREATED SEWAGE TO FATHEAD MINNOWS
Shifrer, C. C., E. J. Middlebrooks, D. B. Porcella, and W. F.
Sigler. 1974.
Report for 1 July 1971 - 31 October 1973, PRWG 105-4W75-01333,
OWRT-B-070-UTAH(6). 84 p.
Forty percent of the total toxic action of oil refinery waste
at the TL-50 level was from phenol. The assumption was that
the toxicities of all substances in the oil refinery waste
were additive.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(2). Entry #PB-237 516/OGA.
C-1047-74
EFFECTS OF EFFLUENTS FROM THE CANADIAN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS. LITERATURE REVIEW.
Smith, A. L. 1974.
Technical Report - Fisheries Marine Services (Canada), 472. 68 p.
A review with many references.
Bibliographies
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(9).
Entry #52253x.
97
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C-l048-74
THE EFFECT AND FATE OF CRUDE OIL SPILT ON TWO ARCTIC LAKES
Snow, N. B., and B. F. Scott. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 527-534.
In addition to the toxic and entrapment effect of the oils on
each lake, changes also occurred in the water chemistry,
phytoplankton and periphyton after an oil spill. Blue-green
algal growth was stimulated. The degree of toxicity and
duration of the period of physical effects will depend on
the characteristics of the oil.
Chemical effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l049-74
FIGHTING THE BATTLE OF THE OIL SPILL
Spooner, M. 1974.
Australasia-Southeast Asia Oil Gas 20(12):27-28.
Discussed is the public concern which arises over the biological
damage incurred by oil spilt at sea. It is highly undesirable
to disperse toxic oils, such as marine diesels and No. 2 fuel
oils, through a body of water where plankton, fishes and
crustaceans, and eggs and larvae of fishes and crustaceans may
be affected.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(15).
Entry #203,527.
C-l050-74
A METHOD FOR TESTING THE TOXICITY OF SUSPENDED OIL DROPLETS
ON PLANKTONIC COPEPODS USED AT PLYMOUTH
Spooner, M. F., and C. J. Corkett. 1974.
In: Ecological Aspects of Toxicity Testing of Oils and
Dispersants. Beynon, L. R., and E. B. Cowell (eds.).
Institute of Petroleum, London, p. 69-74.
Vessels being slowly inverted provide an even dispersion of
oil droplets. Using fecal pellet counts as a measure of activity,
it was found that the usual effects were sublethal. Ingestion
of oil droplets or contact as a solute may have narcotic effects.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2086.
98
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C-1051-74
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE MODE OF ACCUMULATION ON #2 FUEL
OIL BY THE SOFT SHELL CLAM, MYA ARENARIA
Stainken, D. M. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 463-468.
Young clams were exposed to dyed #2 fuel oil at different
concentrations and for different time periods. The clams
treat the oil globules as food, and serve to concentrate
the oil. Eventually, the effects of the accumulated oil can
cause death and the oil in the clam then contaminates its
predators or the sediments.
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1052-74
A REVIEW OF SOME EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Steinberg, M. A. 1974.
In: Indo-Pacific Fisheries Council, 15th, Wellington, New
Zealand, 1972. p. 8-23.
The effects of several toxic substances, including oil, on
aquatic organisms are reviewed. The mode of action and possible
synergistic effects of these pollutants must be investigated.
The design of research on the effects of sublethal doses is
discussed.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2092.
C-1053-74
MARINE POLLUTION BY CARCINOGENIC HYDROCARBONS
Sullivan, J. B. 1974.
IOC-UNESCO, WMO, U.S. Department of Commerce. Petroleum Marine
Pollution Symposium, May 13-17, 1974. p. 154-156.
Seafood contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from
oil pollution of oceans is associated with increased incidence
of lung cancer. The need to monitor hydrocarbon ''evels in
fishing areas and contaminated areas is discussed.
Monitoring
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry #75-01557.
99
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C-1054-74
PERSISTENCE AND EFFECTS OF LIGHT FUEL OIL IN SOIL
Swader, F. N. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 589-593.
Soil contamination by light refined oils, as observed at Big
Flats, New York, interferes with the water uptake mechanism
in the plant root and will kill the seedling. Soil microflora
assimilate the oil quickly and may cause a nitrogen deficiency.
Recommendations for enhancing the assimilation process are
given.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1055-74
TOXICITY TESTING AT KRISTINEBERG ZOOLOGICAL STATION
Swedmark, M. 1974.
In: Ecological Aspects of Toxicity Testing of Oils and
Dispersants, Institute of Petroleum, London. Beynon, L. R.,
and E. B. Cowell (eds,). p. 41-51.
The toxicity testing done at Kristineberg Station has two
purposes: to determine standard relative toxicities, and to
predict the ecological consequences of marine pollution. The
studies involve adult and developmental stages of fish,
crustaceans and bivalves and include short-term (96 hrs) and
long-term studies. The actions of surface-active agents on
the respiration, osmoregulation and accumulation in tissues
are also measured.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2083.
C-1056-74
THE TOXICITY OF FOUR OILS TO 'PALAEMONETES PUGIO1 (HOLTHUIS)
IN RELATION TO UPTAKE AND RETENTION OF SPECIFIC PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBONS
Tatem, H. E., and J. W. Anderson. 1973.
American Zoologist 13(4):261.
Results are given from studies measuring the effects of water-
soluble fractions (WSFs) of Southern Louisiana, Kuwait, No. 2
Fuel and Bunker C oils on P_. pugio. It was found that more
100
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toxic oils contained higher proportions of naphthalene,
methyl naphthalene and dimethylnaphthalene, which are rapidly
accumulated by Palaemonetes. However, these substances are
readily released if the initial exposure is not lethal.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(6). Entry #PB-238 515/1GA.
C-l057-74
THE EFFECTS OF PH, PHENOL AND SODIUM CHLORIDE ON SURVIVAL
AND CALORIC, LIPID AND NITROGEN CONTENT OF A LABORATORY
POPULATION OF CHIRONOMUS ATTENUATUS (WALK.)
Thornton, K., and J. Wilhm. 1974.
Hydrobiologica 45(2/3):261-280.
pH, phenol and sodium chloride are all possible products of
oil refining, drilling and pollution. There was an optimum
pH for chironomid survival (7.2). An increase in phenol levels
resulted in increased caloric content, whereas an increase in
NaCl increased the lipid content of the organisms.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(5).
Entry #28855.
C-l058-74
EFFECTS OF SURFACTANTS ON FISH
Tomiyama, S. 1974.
Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 40(12):
1291-1296.
Surfactants were adsorbed onto the gill surface of fish. Death
was delayed if protein was added to the surfactant solution.
The toxicity of surfactants to fish may therefore be due to
formation of a surfactant-protein complex.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1059-74
EFFECTS OF OIL AND CHEMICALLY DISPERSED OIL ON SELECTED MARINE
BIOTA - A LABORATORY STUDY
Vaughan, B. E. 1973.
API Publication No. 4191. 105 p.
101
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The results of a two-year study on the acute, chronic and
sublethal effects of oil on marine organisms are presented.
The flow-through bioassay system was kept at 8°to 10°C and oil
concentration profiles were measured. No evidence for
pathology or slow depuration rates was found.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2093.
C-1060-74
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM ON ESTUARINE BACTERIA
Walker, J. D., P. A. Seesman, and R. R. Colwell. 1974.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 5(12):186-188.
The experiments reported in this paper indicate that physiological
groups of bacteria in the samples of water and mud exposed to
oil did not reach the population numbers of the controls. The
crude and refined oil limited the total viable numbers and
probably the activity of ecologically important bacterial groups.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1061-74
OIL IN THE OCEANS: FATES AND EFFECTS
Weiss, F. T. 1974.
Ecolibrium 3(3):10-14.
Studies are being undertaken to determine the toxicity of the
natural oil seeps north of Santa Barbara to marine life. Results
have indicated that the hydrocarbon content of areas of high
petroleum activity is low; certain hydrocarbons are indigenous
to the life cycle of marine organisms; and natural processes
exist which metabolize the contaminants of oil polluted areas.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(3).
Entry #75-02298.
C-1062-74
TOXICITY TESTING FOR RANKING OILS AND OIL DISPERSANTS
Wilson, K. W. 1974.
In: Ecological Aspects of Toxicity Testing of Oils and
Dispersants, Institute of Petroleum, London. Beynon, L. R.,
and E. B. Cowell (eds.). p. 11-22.
In order to establish a standard technique for testing the
toxicity of oil dispersants and to rank them, many factors
102
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must be considered. Different methods may be necessary for
estimating toxicity to offshore animals exposed to low
concentrations and littoral animals exposed to high concen-
trations of oil dispersants.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2081.
C-1063-74
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SOIL IN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT:
A REVIEW
Zwerman, P. J., and F. A. M. DeHaan. 1973.
Science of the Total Environment 2(2):121-155.
The impact of agriculture and industry on plant and animal
ecology is indicated. The major forces bringing about soil
instability are defined. Oil spills as a pollutant on land
are described in quantitative terms and remedial measures are
given.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts, 1975. 59(8).
Entry #46014.
103
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2. PHYSICAL EFFECTS
C-1064-74
HYDROCARBON DISPERSION IN GROUND WATER: SIGNIFICANCE AND
CHARACTERISTICS
Osgood, J. 0. 1974.
Ground Water 12{6):427-438.
The effect of hydrocarbon spills on ground water can be significant.
The hydrogeologic characteristics at the drill site determine
whether hydrocarbons, once they reach the water table, will flow
with the ground water flow system or diverge from it.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(8).
Entry #201,217.
C-1065-74
DETERMINATION OF PERMEABILITY PROFILE OF SURFACE TERRAIN
Smith, T. N., and C. R. Phillips. 1974-
Environmental Science and Technology 8(12):1020-1023.
In order to evaluate the magnitude of oil spills in permafrost
regions, the profile of permeability must be determined. A
simple method was developed to determine permeability and was
tested in the Northwest Territories, Canada. The initial moisture
content of the surface cover does not affect permeability to oil.
Reporting
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(7).
Entry #39722.
C-1066-74
EFFECTS OF OIL UNDER SEA ICE
Wolfe, L. S., and D. P. Hoult. 1974.
Journal of Glaciology 13(69):473-488.
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of
crude and diesel oils on the porous substructure of Arctic sea
ice. It was found that the extent of oil entrapment in the ice-
brine matrix is negligible, that the ice does not grow through a
layer of oil, and that oil is neatly pocketed by the ice as more
ice forms under it. The pool of oil acts as an insulating layer
between the cold air and the warmer seawater and causes a change
in the temperature distribution in the ice.
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975
8(7). Entry #W75-03646.
104
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3. SOCIAL EFFECTS
C-l067-74
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF SPILLS
Enk, G. A. 1974.
National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, San
Francisco, 1974. p. 143-147.
A program was initiated by the Institute on Man and Science to
clarify the impacts of hazardous material spills. The study
concluded that now is the time for legislative, economic,
political and sociological systems to take action in assessing
the social response to such spills.
Economic effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(4).
Entry 175-02826.
C-l068-74
ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN CLARIFYING SOCIAL IMPACTS
OF OIL SPILLS AND OIL POLLUTION
Evans, B. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville, New
York, 1973. p. 73-75.
For the environmentalist, the impact on the physical environment
cannot logically be separated from the social impact on human
societies. Difficulties in assessing damages lie in obtaining
financial resources, funding good local expert testimony and
circumventing ail's political influence.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l069-74
THE OIL COMPANY'S POSITION IN AN OIL SPILL
Haxby, L. P. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville, New
York, 1973. p. 41-42.
Shell Oil Company's response to oil pollution problems is reported
to not only settle claims brought against it, but also to discover
ways of minimizing the impacts and occurrences of spills.
Management practices, such as training programs and improved
planning, will improve oil handling techniques.
Economic effects of oil pollution
Personnel training and education
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
105
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C-1070-74
THE APPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES TO SOCIAL
IMPACTS DUE TO OIL SPILLED IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Pizzo, J. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville, New
York, 1973. p. 49-55.
Fault trees can be used to establish cause and effect relation-
ships. Then a risk model analysis can help pinpoint where the
fault lies and what actions can be taken to minimize the impacts
of oil spills. The Delphi method, using a group of experts to
develop a rating system, could be utilized to assign values to
non-economic factors.
Economic effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1071-74
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE GOVERNMENTAL RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL
CRISIS OR DISASTER
Swanson, B. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville, New
York, 1973. p. 81-82.
Work currently being done in the area of community studies is
described. A voluntary prototype emergency response team to
describe the social impacts of oil spills was suggested.
Bureaucratic considerations should be small and immediate
response to an oil spill should be stressed.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
106
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4. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
C-1072-74
OPERATIONAL DUMPING AND THE POLLUTION OF THE SEA BY OIL: AN
EVALUATION OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Burrows, P., et al. 1974.
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 1(3):202-218.
The conclusions drawn from a cost-effectiveness evaluation of
alternative methods for preventing operational dumping of oil
are: (1) the technology that minimizes internal costs (favored
by oil companies) does not minimize the social costs of pollution
prevention, and (2) the cost of pollution-prevention processes
is very small as compared to the price of oil.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(4).
Entry #75-03106.
C-l073-74
ROLE OF THE OIL SPILL CLAIMS ADJUSTER - THE MIDDLEMAN
Denoville, R. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville, New
York, 1973. p. 43-45.
Insurance companies rarely become involved in oil spill claims
because the spiller is often self-insured. Ways in which insurance
companies classify claims and the question of compensation for
such things as property values are discussed.
Social effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l 074-74
THE TRUE ECONOMICS OF OIL SPILL CLEANUPS: WHAT DO WE GET FOR
EACH DOLLAR
Dorrler, J. S. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, New York, 1973.
p. 15-16.
The on-scene coordinator determines the extent of cleanup and
damage assessment after a spill. Assessing biological damage
107
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in economic terms is difficult. The actual cost of cleanup
($.50 to $14 per gallon) does not include damage to a beach or
to microorganisms.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1075-74
COMPENSATION FOR OIL POLLUTION DAMAGES
Lundquist, T. R. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 107-114.
Neither United States anti-pollution statutes nor concepts of
tort liability provide guaranteed compensation for oil pollution
damage. No international oil pollution damage compensating
plan currently exists but two recent international conventions,
if ratified, would do much to insure compensation.
National legislation
International legislation
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1076-74
DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN NATURAL HYDROCARBONS AND LOW LEVEL
DIESEL OIL CONTAMINATION IN COOKED LOBSTER MEAT
Paradis, M., and R. 6. Ackman. 1975.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32(2):316-320.
In order to confirm a low level diesel oil contamination in
cooked lobster meat, a combination of total lipid extraction,
column chromatography and temperature-programmed gas chromatog-
raphy was necessary. The concentrations of identifiable
components of the diesel oil were close to those in normal
lobster meat.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l077-74
THE ECONOMICS OF THE WEST COAST OIL SPILL CLEAN-UP INDUSTRY
Stone, C. M. 1974.
Master's Thesis. 78 p.
108
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In this thesis, the industrial structure in oil spill cleanup
activity is examined. The roles of the various sectors which
make up the total cleanup effort are also examined.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(6). Entry #AD/A-003 860/4GA.
C-l078-74
PRIVATE DAMAGES FROM OIL SPILLS IN A MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Sweeney, J. C. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 27-33.
The law's interpretation of a variety of claims arising from
an oil pollution incident is described in detail. Some economic
criteria receive more judicial consideration than others. Beach
front property owners and shellfish bed owners are in a better
position to receive compensation than those losing revenues
from an oil spill.
Social effects of oil pollution
National legislation
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1079-74
ECONOMIC DAMAGES FROM OIL SPILLS: MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND
EMPIRICAL RESULTS
Tihansky, D. P. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 57-65.
Eight theoretical economic techniques that could be utilized
in assessing the cost of pollution damages are described. These
empirical techniques must be applied selectively to specific
water uses. Cost-benefit tradeoffs among welfare recipients,
the environmental habitat and the original polluter are necessary
in assessing pollution damage.
Social effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
109
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5. GENERAL EFFECTS
C-1080-74
ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
Anonymous. 1974.
National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills,
San Francisco, 1974. p. 349-372.
Discussions of the environmental damages caused by hazardous
material spills are presented in five papers. The importance
of waterway dilution capacity in hazardous material spills and
its inclusion in risk decision frameworks are examined.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(4).
Entry #75-02831.
C-1081-74
OIL SPILLS AND THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Boesch, D. F., C. H. Hershner, and J. H. Milgram. 1974.
Papers prepared for Energy Policy Project of the Ford Foundation,
Ballinger Publishing Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, xv + 144 p.
The reviewer of this book states that the book's objective (i.e.,
bringing together a critical review of current knowledge about the
effects of oil spills and the efficiency of preventative safe-
guards) is not achieved. The paper on the effects of oil spills
is considered better than that on prevention, control and cleanup.
Citation Source: Marine Pollution Bulletin. 1974 5(12).
C-l082-74
PROPERTIES AND EFFECTS OF NONPETROLEUM OILS
Crump-Wiesner, H. J., and A. L. Jennings. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 29-32.
Approximately five percent of the oil spills reported to the
Environmental Protection Agency are nonpetroleum oils. Based
on the data in this report, the conclusion is drawn that the
adverse effects of nonpetroleum and petroleum oils are similar.
Case histories illustrate the similarity of behavior. Guide-
lines for distinguishing between oil and other hazardous materials
are given. EPA includes nonpetroleum oils under section 311 of
the FWPCA.
National legislation
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
110
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C 1083-74
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT: A COLLISION OF CRISES
Goodwin, I. (editor). 1974.
Washington Journalism Center Critical Issues Series. Acton,
Massachusetts: Publishing Sciences Group.
The 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill is described. The problems
involved in defining a national energy environment policy and
developing clean energy are discussed. Factors presented
include the threat of monopoly, antipollution laws, atomic
power and reconciling energy and environmental demands.
Social effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(2).
Entry #75-02012.
C-l084-74
AGAINST POLLUTION AND HUNGER
Hilton, A. M. 1974.
International Pollution Control Conference, Proceedings. Halsted
Press. 312 p.
This book contains papers on many aspects of pollution. Included
are the physical and chemical aspects, radiation and human health,
genetic damage and chemical and biological warfare.
Citation Source: Science News. 1975. 107(17). p. 266.
C-1085-74
EXPLOSION HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH SPILLS OF LARGE QUANTITIES
OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. PHASE I
Lind, C. D. 1974.
Final Report, USCG-D-30-75. Contract DOT-CG-34095. 63 p.
The object of the program is to quantify the explosion hazards
associated with spills of liquified natural gas or petroleum
gas or ethylene. Phase I describes a spill, examines the
explosive properties of methane, and plans Phase II.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(2). Entry #AD/A-001 242/7GA.
Ill
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C-1086-74
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS IN ITS RELATION
WITH ECOTOXICOLOGY
Merian, E. 1974.
Chemische Rundschau 27(42):5,7,9,11.
The paper reviews CO, S02, hydrocarbon, NOX, dust and Pb
pollution of the environment, including annual emission levels
and relative toxicity.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(14).
Entry #89600j.
C-1087-74
EFFECT OF OIL REFINERY EFFLUENT ON THE SHALLOW GRAVEL AQUIFER
IN ZERQA AREA-JORDAN
Mudallal, U., and I. Najjar. 1973.
Water for the Human Environment, Volume II, Country Reports;
Proceedings of the First World Congress on Water Resources
(Vol. 4), Chicago, Illinois, September 24-28, 1973. p. 248-272.
Data on the hydrochemistry of the shallow gravel aquifer were
examined to evaluate the degree of groundwater contamination
by the Jordan Refinery, located within the same province.
Analyses have shown that waste water, containing high concen-
trations of hydrogen sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide,
phenol and crude oil, has polluted the aquifer.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(5). Entry #W75-02455.
C-l088-74
THE MEDITERRANEAN AS A SYSTEM: PART II - SMALL ECOSYSTEMS
Onuf, C. P., and W. W. Murdoch. 1974.
International Journal of Environmental Studies 6(l):29-34.
The effects of pollution from heavy metals, PCB's, acids,
radioactivity, oil, pesticides, and organic pollutants were
studied in the coastal Mediterranean. These waters are low
in productivity, have free exchange with the open sea and have
a narrow shelf, so they can take a relatively high load of
some pollutants.
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(2).
Entry #75-01288.
112
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C-l089-74
MARINE POLLUTION
Portmann, J. E. 1974.
Effluent Water Treatment Journal 14(11):655-661.
Subjects covered in the review of literature dealing with
modern pollution control include: sources of pollution, fate
of pollutants in the sea, effects of pollutants on marine life,
and effects of oil and treatment.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1975.
13(2). Entry #013866.
C-l090-74
THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Proc, P. I. 1974.
Umwelthygiene 25(1):7-10.
A brief summary is given of the talks delivered at the Inter-
national Informative and Protest Meeting held at Bastia,
Corsica, June, 1973, on the dumping of red mud, heavy metals
and crude oil in the Mediterranean area.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(8). Entry #2816.
C-l091-74
WATER POLLUTION. MARINE AND ESTUARINE POLLUTION
Reish, D. J., and T. J. Kauwling. 1974.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 46(6):1437-1451.
The 1973 literature dealing with marine and estuarine pollution
is reviewed. Topics covered include: monitoring, surveys, oil
pollution, phytoplankton, dredging, effects on temperature and
salinity, bioassays, residues, microorganisms, and physical and
chemical oceanography.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(1). Entry #77.
C-l092-74
KEEPING THE BALTIC SEA CLEAN: ACHIEVEMENTS OF SOCIALIST
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
Schubert, 0. 1974.
Technik 29(6):375-377.
113
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The problems associated with the maintenance of water quality
of the Baltic Sea are discussed and the pollution prevention
measures established by the Socialist countries in this area
are described. Pollution problems include the accumulation of
heavy metals from industrial waste water in fishes and water
pollution by oil.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(4). Entry #1015.
C-1093-74
INTERNATIONAL POLITICS OF MARINE POLLUTION
Shinn, R. A. 1974.
Praeger, New York, v + 200 p.
Many aspects of marine pollution are surveyed including the types,
sources, quantities and effects, the international laws,
contending forces, the organizations concerned, proposals, forums
for discussion and decision, intellectual models and policy
implications.
International legislation
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1094-74
THE FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF ASSESSMENTS OF IMPACTS
Snyder, H. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 7-8.
The assessment process of the Environmental Protection Agency has
to date been a biological, scientific, quasi-research effort
with the use of basic ordering agreement contractors. The options
for the future include covering physical damages, recreational
damage, human health hazards and recovery rate. The Environmental
Protection Agency needs to know how much detail people want and
who the people will accept as an authority.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
114
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D. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION
1. DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
C-l095-74
GIANT FLOATING CAPSULE TO STORE OIL ON NORTH SEA
Anonymous. 1973.
Marine Engineering/Log 78(12):64.
A 470 foot long storage and tanker loading facility will float
in 520 feet of water. A submerged pipeline feeds oil into six
oil storage tanks. If any two compartments are damaged, the
facility will still float and operate. Such damage will not
cause oil spills.
Oil handling
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975- 15(7).
Entry #200,830.
C-l096-74
SELECTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR OFFSHORE PLATFORM DESIGN
Bea, R. G. 1974.
Journal of Petroleum Technology 26:1206-1214.
Two factors, environmental uncertainty and variability, are
unavoidable considerations in selecting design criteria for
offshore platforms. Possible hazards can only be minimized in
accord with information that is available.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1975. 13(2).
Entry #011330.
C-1097-74
TANKERS WILL BE SAFER IN THE FUTURE
Cashman, M. 1975.
Ocean Industry 10(3):44-46.
Collision Avoidance Systems, which greatly reduce the chances
of tanker collisions, are radar-linked, computer-assisted
automated plotters. These precautionary systems possess a
"trial-maneuver" feature with the turning characteristics of
the vessel to allow the watch officer to see the results of an
intended course before he makes his decision.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
115
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C-1098-74
TIDAL AQUARIUM FOR LABORATORY STUDIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1974.
Progressive Fish-Culturist 36(3):134-137.
A laboratory test chamber was developed to study the uptake
and effects of sublethal levels of paraffinic hydrocarbons from
crude oils and petroleum products on marine organisms. The
chamber consists of a test and control tank, a siphon assembly,
a pump assembly and an aeration system.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(3).
Entry #75-02290.
C-l099-74
THE 1973 IMCO CONVENTION: A TANKER OPERATOR'S VIEWPOINT
Gray, W. 0. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 15-21.
Exxon studies of the IMCO provisions that are relevant to
oil tanker technology form the basis of this report. These
elements include ships' operational and equipment features,
design changes for tankers ordered after December 31, 1975,
and shore reception facilities. The status of each of these
elements and of progress toward ratification is reviewed.
A table of comparisons of the 1973 and 1954 conventions is
included.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1100-74
HANDLING REFINERY WASTES
Reno, G. 1973.
Extr. of Minerolog. and Energy: Today's Dilemmas, International
Workshop on Environmental Problems of the Extract Industries,
Papers, Dayton, Ohio, June 10-13, 1973. Paper 17. p. 203-210.
Measures taken to abate all forms of pollution at the Houston
Refinery of Shell Oil Company are discussed.
Waste water treatment
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1975. 13(2).
Entry #011651.
116
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C-1101-74
THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM FOR THE PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF OIL POLLUTION FROM VESSELS
Steinman, G. C., and W. B. Chappel. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 177-185.
The goal of the Maritime Administration program is to prevent
oil pollution through cost effective measures. Some pollution
prevention features discussed are oil discharge monitoring
systems, oily waste slop tanks and collision avoidance radar.
The impact of IMCO segregated ballast requirements, Load-On-Top,
and port reception facilities is reviewed.
Monitoring
Waste water treatment
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1102-74
FIRST SAN CLEMENTE CLASS DOUBLE-BOTTOM TANKER DELIVERED BY
NASSCO: GOLDEN DOLPHIN
Uberti, G. A. 1974.
Marine Engineering/Log 79:50-53.
This ship has been designed to comply with the new U.S. Coast
Guard regulations. Segregated clean ballast tanks, provisions
for cargo oil or fuel oil spills, retention of bilge water slops
and a monitor for tank washings overboard discharge are among
the pollution prevention features.
Oil handling
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
117
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2. OIL HANDLING
C-1103-74
ENVIRONMENT ASKS FOR LAW ON CHEMICAL WASTE MATERIALS
Anonymous. 1974.
Metaal Kunststof 12(8):18-20.
A discussion of the problems and existing regulations pertaining
to waste oil disposal in the Netherlands is given. Differences
in provisions for the disposal of used oil in various countries
of Europe are also indicated.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(7). 'Entry #2528.
C-l104-74
LITERATURE SEARCH ON USED OILS - DISPOSAL FEBRUARY 24, 1972 TO
AUGUST, 1974
Anonymous. 1974.
Lubrication Engineering 30(10):486-487.
A literature search on the treatment, reclamation and disposal
of used or waste oils is presented. Citations from the
literature have been taken from major sources of such information
up to August, 1974.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1105-74
MILLION TON CARRIER
Anonymous. 1974.
Super Ocean Carrier Conference, Proceedings, New York, New York,
January 16-18, 1974. 696 p.
The Proceedings is composed of 36 papers concerned with the
problems associated with the development of VLCC's, ULCC's, and
the proposed million ton carrier, including cargo handling, port
facilities and water pollution.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1975. 13(2).
Entry #013449.
118
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C-l106-74
POLLUTION CONTROL IN THE MARINE INDUSTRIES—1974
Anonymous. 1974.
International Conference of the International Association for
Pollution Control, 4th, Washington, D. C., 1974.
Included in the Proceedings, which describes international
efforts to control marine pollution, are discussions about
tanker pollution prevention and port facilities programs to
handle oily wastes and spills, and the environmental impact
of oil spills and dry bulk transfer facilities.
General effects of oil pollution
Citation Source:
National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #057581.
C-1107-74
PREVENTION
Anonymous. 1974.
National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills,
San Francisco, 1974. p. 85-142.
Ten papers deal with methods of preventing hazardous material
spills. Analysis of spill data indicates that many small spills
occur in transport or transfer of hazardous materials, a number
of spills involving leaking covers and broken valves may be
prevented, transfer system failures and overflows may be checked
through properly designed hardware,and many in-plant incidents
involving personnel error could be avoided with fail-safe process
instrumentation.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(4).
Entry #75-02825.
C-ll08-74
SYMPOSIUM ON MARINE POLLUTION, 1973
Anonymous. 1973.
Symposium on Marine Pollution, National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, England, 1973.
The following marine pollution-related topics are covered in ^
nine papers presented at the Symposium: the "Load-On-Top System ;
119
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prevention of pollution from chemical tankers; segregated
ballast tankers; ship sewage treatment; routing, traffic
control and crew training; oil pollution handling techniques;
and pollution risks in offshore drilling, production and
storage.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Personnel training and education
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #054861.
C-1109-74
SINGLE POINT MOORING SYSTEM
Black, J. 1974.
Marine Engineering Review, May, 1974. 4 p.
Necessary parameters to be considered in the design of the single
point mooring system for the safe berthing and unberthing of large
oil tankers and ore-slurry-oil vessels are reviewed. Three types
of single mooring systems are described; and a quick-disconnect
self-sealing coupling system and monitoring equipment for oil
spills are outlined.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #057771.
C-1110-74
THE ISOLATION OF OIL FROM SEAWATER IN COMPENSATED TANKS USING
IMPERMEABLE MEMBRANES
Carmichael, A. D., J. W. Slacks, and S. L. Smith. 1973.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology No. 73-24.
A study investigated the possible application of impermeable
membranes in compensated fuel and cargo tanks. Results have
indicated that several problems arise from this procedure,
including the flexing and continual movement of the membrane
in a seaway.
Research
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol.10.
Entry #057112.
120
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C-1111-74
TANKER TANK CLEANING RESEARCH PROGRAM
Cooper, W. J. 1974.
Final Report, MSA Research Corporation No. MSAR-74-36 Phase 1.
474 p. NTIS Report COM-74-111 23/8.
A state-of-the-art review of crude oil tankship tank cleaning
and related operations is presented. Recommendations/guidelines
are provided which will increase tank cleaning operation safety,
reduce oil pollution and reduce the cost and effort of tank
cleaning.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #057767.
C-1112-74
A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC STUDY OF WASTE OIL RECOVERY. PART I:
FEDERAL RESEARCH ON OIL FROM AUTOMOBILES
Cukor, P. M., M. J. Keaton, and G. Wilcox. 1973.
Final Report, EPA/530/SW-90.1, Contract EPA-68-01-1806. 99 p.
This report contains both a summary of Federal research and
regulations concerning waste oil from cars and also an annotated
bibliography on waste oil disposal.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(4). Entry #PB-237 618/4GA.
C-1113-74
A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC STUDY OF WASTE OIL RECOVERY. PART II:
AN INVESTIGATION OF DISPERSED SOURCES OF USED CRANKCASE OIL
Cukor, A. M., M. J. Keaton, and G. Wilcox. 1973.
Final Report, EPA/530/SW-90C.2, Contract EPA-68-01-1806. 67 p.
Part II studies the buying attitudes and disposal practices of
people who change their own oil. A copy of the questionnaire,
the results and the analyses of the results are included in the
report.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(4). Entry #PB-237 619/2GA.
121
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C-1114-74
A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC STUDY OF WASTE OIL RECOVERY. PART III.
ECONOMIC, TECHNICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS TO WASTE OIL
RECOVERY
Cukor, P. M., M. J. Keaton, and G. Wilcox. 1973.
Final Report, EPA/530/SW-90c.3, Contract EPA-68-01-1806. 136 p.
The economic, technical and institutional barriers to waste oil
recovery are emphasized in this report on the waste oil refining
industry.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(4). Entry #PB-237 620/OGA.
C-ll15-74
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF NEW, USED, AND REFINED LUBRICATING
OILS
Goetzinger, J. W., F. 0. Cotton, and M. L. Whisman. 1975.
Oil and Gas Journal 73(9):130-135.
Waste lubricating oil is a serious pollutant. Research is
underway to evaluate new technology for more efficient refining,
to develop simple tests for evaluation of lube oil quality,
and to offer standards for both new and used oils to promote
the marketability of recycled lubricating oil.
Research
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1116-74
PUMPING SYSTEM FOR TRANSFERRING HIGH-VISCOSITY OILS
Hackman, D. J., et al. 1974.
NTIS Report AD-784 876/5WP. 79 p.
An investigation into the problems dealing with the emergency
off-loading of high viscosity oils from damaged tankers is
reported. The operation and energy efficiency of pumping oils
from damaged tankers are evaluated and two systems for the
transfer of low viscosity and high viscosity oils are recommended,
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(4).
Entry #75-03122.
122
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C-1117-74
CRUDE OIL AND KEEPING WATERWAYS CLEAN
Hellmann, H. 1974.
Wasserwirtschaft-Wassertechnik 64(7-8):199.
A discussion is presented on the protection of water from oil
pollution occurring during the transport of oil or by the
incorrect disposal of oil wastes.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(3). Entry #767.
C-1118-74
SPENT OIL RECLAMATION
Institut Francais du Petrole. 1974.
Hydrocarbon Processing 53(9):189.
A process to re-refine spent crankcase oils and motor oils is
described, and the economic aspects are included. The method
lowers the amounts of acid and clay needed, reduces sludge
formation and therefore pollution, and also improves product
quality.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1119-74
USED OIL LAW IN THE UNITED STATES
Irwin, W. A., and R. A. Liroff. 1974.
Environmental Protection Agency, Report EPA-600/5-74-025. 289 p.
State and federal laws and the laws of other industrialized
nations governing the collection and disposal of used oils are
described. Existing information for used oil handling is reviewed.
State, National, Foreign legislation
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(9). Entry #W75-04575.
C-l120-74
BS & W REDUCED TO LESS THAN 1% WITH AID OF EMULSIFIER
Johnson, R. A., et al. 1974.
Chemical Processing 37{9):12-13.
A demulsifying agent, composed of a blend of liquid organic
surface materials which promotes rapid separation of water in
123
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water-in-oil emulsions, reduced bottom sediment and water in
waste oil receipts within maximum limits for number 5 and 6
oils.
Citation Source:
Environment Abstracts.
Entry #75-02854.
1975. 5(4).
C-1121-74
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SINGLE-POINT MOORING TECHNIQUES
Langeveid, J. M. 1974.
ASCE Journal of Waterways, Harbors and Coastal Engineering
Division 100(WW4):305-323. ASCE Paper No. 10931.
The various parameters which must be considered in the design,
construction and site selection of safe single-point moorings
are discussed. Single-point mooring can be operated without
causing environmental pollution and without detrimental effect
on the local marine life.
Design and engineering
Citation Source:
National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #072436.
C-1122-74
PROBLEMS COVERING THE ACCUMULATION OF USED OIL AND ITS REMOVAL
IN WESTERN EUROPE
Lille, R. H. 1974.
Wasserwirtschaft-Wassertechnik 64(7-8):210-214.
Over one million tons of used oils have been estimated to be
disposed of in an uncontrolled manner in Western Europe. The
author discusses the need to organize a suitable collection and
disposal system for the solution of the used oil problem. The
importance of recycling methods for used oil is emphasized.
Citation Source:
Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(2). Entry #496.
C-1123-74
SEAS MUST BE CLEAN
Matov, I. 1974.
Translated from Russian, BLL-M-23509-(5828.4F).
3 p.
Oil pollution by marine transportation and oil shipping is
prevented in the U.S.S.R. by "chemical/mechanical closed
124
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flushing cycles on ships" and by collection vessels that
transfer oily wastes from the ships to purification systems.
Waste water treatment
Citation Source: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
1975. 13(8). Entry #N75-17009.
C-1124-74
WASTE OIL DOWN THE DRAIN
Morrison, E. 1975.
Environmental Action 7(1):8-10.
The author discusses the significant environmental dangers caused
by the indiscriminant disposal of waste oils and the need to bring
about a public awareness of the critical problem. The present
status of waste oil recycling activities is reviewed.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1125-74
HARMLESS DISPOSAL OF EMULSIONS BY THE DECATOX PROCEDURE
Quillmann, H. 1973.
CZ-Chemie-Technik 2(10):389-391.
Two procedures for the disposal of oily emulsions used for
cooling and lubrication in the processing of metals are described.
Installation costs, energy requirements and necessary separating
agents for emulsion incineration and emulsion fractioning are
given.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(6). Entry #2240.
C-1126-74
SOME PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR MARINE TRANSPORTATION OF OIL
IN THE 1970'S
Zannetos, Z. S. 1973.
MIT Symposium, Cambridge, February 12-14, 1973. p. 403-416.
The problems associated with and financial resources required for
ocean oil transportation in the 1970's are discussed.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry #75-01310.
125
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3. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
C-1127-74
A LARGE CAPACITY OIL WATER SEPARATION SYSTEM [English translation
available]
Anonymous, (undated)
Mitsubishi Juko Gibo 10(5). 3 p.
A review of studies on the "Load-On-Top System" in Japan is given.
Success of this system is dependent on the development of an oily
water separation method, which is one of the projects being
carried out by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Oil handling
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #057125.
C-1128-74
KEENE DISCHARGE CONTROL SYSTEM AFFORDS OPERATOR PERMANENT PROOF
OF LAW COMPLIANCE ON OIL SPILLS
Anonymous. 1974.
Maritime Reporter and Engineering News 36(8):18.
A new automatic system for the removal of oily wastes from
bilgewater is described. The system is based on filtration;
separation filters and coalescing units are engineered into an
automatic unit which removes oily wastes from bilges and
discharges the cleaned bilgewater overboard.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #056713.
C-1129-74
TREATMENT FOR OILY WASTE WATER USING MAGNETIC POWDER
Anonymous. 1974.
Water Purification and Liquid Waste Treatment 15(7):37-44.
When fine magnetic powder is added to chemical coagulation
processes for the treatment of oily waste water, flocks of oil
126
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droplets are produced which contain these magnetic powders.
The flocks are tightened and sedimented in a magnetic field
and then removed by movement of a magnetic belt or drum.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(7). Entry #W75-03551.
C-1130-74
MAINTENANCE CONTRIBUTES TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Barna, P., D. 0. Chrismer, L. G. Diehl, et al. 1974.
Oil and Gas Journal 72(30):170-178.
This paper is the seventh in a series of reproductions of the
transcript of NPRA's recent maintenance question and answer
session conducted at the NPRA Refinery and Petrochemical Plant
Maintenance Conference, Houston, January, 1974. Several issues
on environmental control were examined. Waste water, waste
solids disposal and noise suppression were areas covered in the
session.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(3). Entry #747.
C-1131-74
SEPARATION PROCESSES FOR OIL-WATER EMULSIONS
Brenner, W. J. 1974.
Industrie-Anzeiger 96(69):1544-1545.
The Emuperm process for ultrafiltration of emulsions is discussed.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10). Entry #60799v.
C-1132-74
ICI'S OIL/WATER SEPARATOR FEATURES NEW FIBRE FILTERS
Butler, P. 1974.
Process Engineering. November, p. 7.
This process is based on the filtration of oily waters through
new ICI-researched open-pored materials. Oil droplets coalesce
as they pass through the material and then rise rapidly to the
surface where the oil is removed.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
127
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C-1133-74
AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF BIODEGRADATION OF
PHENOLIC WASTES
Cobb, H. D. 1973.
NTIS Report AD-770 750. 16 p.
A study was conducted to isolate and identify cresol-metabolizing
microorganisms from industrial waste waters of Kelly Air Force
Base. Eight isolates from the waste waters were able to degrade
cresol, utilizing it as an energy source. One isolate, 'HB',
was found to degrade all three cresol isomers at concentrations
exceeding that presently entering the treatment plant (900 ppm).
Biological degradation
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(6). Entry #W75-03125.
C-1134-74
SHIPS WASTE OFFLOAD SYSTEM STUDY. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Davis, E. J. 1974.
Supplement to report dated May, 1973, AD-763 454, Johnson
Bernard Incorporated. NTIS Report AD-777480/5.
The report contains results of studies of five alternative
combinations of ships' waste offload system components applied
in actual field conditions on ships at the San Diego Naval
Complex. The ships' wastes were best handled by the offload
systems when divided into three waste streams: sanitary plus
hotel, oily, and containerized industrial plus solid.
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #057248.
C-ll35-74
THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF BIOLOGICAL CARBON ADSORPTION SYSTEM
FOR THE TREATMENT OF REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL WASTEWATERS
Ford, D. L., and M. A. Buercklin. 1973.
Advances in Water Pollution Research. Proceedings 6th Inter-
national Conference,Jerusalem, 1972. Pergamon Press, p. 709-718.
A technical and economic review is given of the fixed bed carbon
and biological systems for the treatment of refinery petrochemical
waste waters.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(8). Entry #E2959.
128
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C-l136-74
REVIEW OF U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY RESEARCH IN
OIL-WATER SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY
Freestone, F. J., and R. B. Tabakin. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 437-441.
One project involves developing a chemically assisted, back-
washable coalescer which is designed for use on offshore
production platforms. Tests on large volumes show less than
10 ppm oil in the effluent water. The other device, still in
the laboratory phase, depends on the concept of adsorption of
oil-contaminated water into a regenerable coked surface.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1137-74
A FILTER COALESCER DEVICE FOR OIL-WATER SEPARATION
Gollan, A., and D. H. Freeman. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th, Houston, 1974. Vol. 2.
p. 967-978.
Reticulated polyurethane foams make good filter-coalescer media
that is simple to regenerate. Using simulated oily ballast
as a test, the filter coalescer can reduce influent of several
1000 ppm oil to effluent of less than 30 ppm. A large-scale
unit is now being field tested.
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #50,2118.
C-l138-74
FIGHT FLOATABLES WITH CHEMICALS
Gray, A. C., Jr. 1975.
Water Wastes Engineering 12(1):33-36.
The review covers oily and greasy waste waters.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #102723y.
C-l139-74
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF THE EMULSIFYING CHARACTERISTICS OF PUMPS
Harvey, A. C., A. R. Guzdar, and D. R. Friswell. 1973.
Foster-Miller Associates, Incorporated. 119 p. Final Report,
NTIS Report AD-779 629/5.
129
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The program conducted laboratory investigations on the emulsi-
fying characteristics of various pumps used to pump shipboard
bilge and ballast water oily wastes. The tests examined the
effects of oil type, input oil concentration, detergent, pump
operating characteristics (pressure and flow rate), and salt
versus freshwater on emulsification.
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #057699.
C-1140-74
BALLAST TREATMENT EFFLUENT DISPOSAL PROBLEM IN PORT VALDEZ,
ALASKA
Hood, D. W. 1974.
Marine Technology Society, Proceedings, 1974. p. 867-880.
A review of the disposal problem of effluent from a ballast
treatment plant at the Alyeska Pipeline terminal facility is
given. Topics covered include physical circulation and
dispersion, flushing rates at the Port, effect of crude oil
on primary productivity rates, biodegradation of hydrocarbons,
benthic biology and sedimentary geology.
Biological degradation
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #071899.
C-1141-74
ADVANCED TREATMENT FOR PETROLEUM REFINERY WASTE WATER
Isohata, Y. 1974.
Nenryo Oyobi Nensho 41(ll):961-974.
An apparatus has been designed which contains a sand filter and
coalescer which removes dispersed oil droplets and suspended
matter. Adsorption with granular active carbon removes oily
odor and phenolic substances.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(12).
Entry #76836r.
130
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C-1142-74
BILGE WATER OIL SEPARATOR IN THE RIVER RHINE AREA
Klosterkemper, H. 1974.
Wasserwirtschaft-Wassertechnik 64(7-8):214-217.
The goals and activities of a cooperation established in 1965
in DUsseldorf, G. F. R., to collect used oil from the bilges
of motor vessels are described. The operation of the system
of bilge water oil separation is discussed.
Oil handling
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(2). Entry #497.
C-ll43-74
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION R & D APPLIED TO SHIPS AND WATERCRAFT
Lehr, W. E. 1973.
Naval Engineers Journal 85(6):25-32.
Legal requirements for shipboard pollution prevention and the
status of research and development to provide shipboard waste
treatment devices are summarized. Research and development are
emphasized in the area of vessel traffic systems, bilge/ballast
water separators, sewage treatment and ship exhaust emission.
Research
National legislation
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #054970.
C-H44-74
ROTATING DISK LOOKS PROMISING FOR PLANT WASTES
Mueller, J. C. 1975.
Oil and Gas Journal 73(2):66-68.
The design and operating results of the rotating biodisk, a new
alternative waste-treatment technique for refinery effluent
waters, are described. Advantages of the disk include short
retention times, low power requirements, BOD removal proceeding
stage by stage, no foam problems and little maintenance.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1975. 13(3).
Entry #018710.
131
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C-1145-74
DEPHENOLIZATION OF WASTE WATERS OF AN ORGANOCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
IN ZAGREB
Munjko, I., and R. Miklican. 1974.
Arhiv za Higijenu Rada i Toksikologiju 25(2):265-273.
The purification system for the industrial effluent by phenol-
oil separation and biological degradation of the effluent by
aerated active sludge is discussed.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(12).
Entry #76794a.
C-1146-74
ULTRAFILTRATION IN WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Oswald, E. 1974.
Metalloberflaeche-Angew. Elektrochem. 28(5):165-167.
Emulsions and oil are removed from waste waters using an ultra-
filtration DE-AQUATOR plant consisting of eight cellulose
acetate membrane tubes connected in series. One thousand
liters of waste water containing 1% oil was treated to give
980 liters of oil-free waste water and 20 liters of oil concen-
trate composed of 50% oil and 50% residual water.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #102757n.
C-1147-74
REMOVAL OF PHENOL IN WASTE WATER BY WET AIR OXIDATION
Pruden, B. B., and D. R. Ferguson. 1973.
In: Water Pollution Research in Canada 8:148-167.
The wet air oxidation process is described, as applied to the
continuous oxidation of phenol in dilute solutions. The process
was effective in converting up to 99.5% of the phenol to carbon
dioxide and water.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(7). Entry #W75-03778.
132
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C-1148-74
OIL-WATER SEPARATION WITH NONCELLULOSIC ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEMS
Schatzberg, P., L. R. Harris, C. M. Adema, D. F. Jackson, and
C. M. Kelly. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 443-447.
Ultrafiltration membrane systems with different noncellulosic
active separation surfaces and different configurations were
examined for their ability to separate emulsified and suspended
oil from water. The ultrafiltrate oil concentration was less
than 15 mg/1, but an irreversible cumulative fouling of the
membrane occurred.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l149-74
RECOVERY AND TREATMENT OF SPENT ROLLING SOLUTIONS AT THE STEEL
COMPANY OF CANADA, LTD, HILTON WORKS OPERATION
Schuldt, A. A., and V. A. Suffoletta. 1974.
Proceedings, Ontario Industrial Waste Conference, 21.
p. 220-230.
Oil-water emulsions were separated by treatment with Fe and pH
control to produce minimal solid matter and a solidified oil
suitable for use as fuel.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(12).
Entry #76783w.
C-ll50-74
CONTROLLING PHENOLS IN REFINERY WASTE WATERS
Short, T. E., Jr., B. L. Prater, and L. H. Myers. 1974.
Oil and Gas Journal 72(47):119-124.
The efficiency of treatment systems for the removal of phenols
from refinery waste waters was analyzed and evaluated. The
biological systems were found to have a high capacity for phenol
removal but upset easily with change in phenol concentration
or for no apparent cause. The activated carbon system also
demonstrated high phenol removal capacities if pH was controlled.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(12).
Entry #76797d.
133
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C-1151-74
CONTROL OF LIQUID EFFLUENTS FROM CHEMICAL/PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS
Sidwick, J. M., and D. W. Hayward. 1974.
Chemistry and Industry 19:756-769.
General approaches to the principal waste treatment problems
and techniques of the chemical and petrochemical industries are
categorized and discussed in this paper. Oil removal methods
for treating oily wastes are included.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-ll52-74
POSSIBILITY OF THE FLOTATION SEPARATION OF THE DISPERSE PHASE
FROM DILUTE EMULSIONS OF THE OIL-WATER TYPE
Skrylev, L. D., and V. A. Artemova. 1974.
Colloid Journal of the USSR 36(3):552-554.
Dilute emulsions of oil are often encountered in the purification
of waste waters. Flotation, i.e. blowing with air to separate
the emulsion, is only effective when combined with the use of
cationic or cationic-anionic surfactants. The completeness of the
separation is determined by the nature of the emulsion and the
collector.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1153-74
NEW METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF OIL AND OTHER COLLOIDAL IMPURITIES
FROM FEEDWATER AND CONDENSATE
Strzelczyk, W. 1974.
Gospodarka Paliwami i Energia 22(5):17-19.
A technique for the removal of oil and phenol from water using
filtration materials such as active coals, various types of
cellulose, asbestos and silica is described.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10).
Entry #64258r.
134
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C-1154-74
MODEL TREATABILITY STUDY OF REFINERY PHENOLIC WASTE WATER
Volesky, B., N. Czornyj, T. A. Constantine, 0. E. Zajic, and
K. Yu. 1974.
AIChE Symposium Series 70(144):31-38.
A laboratory scale model of biological treatment of refinery
waste water was built to discover the optimal design parameters
for a fuel scale unit. With a 24 hour bioreactor detention
time, phenol was reduced by 99.7%, COD by 55% and BOD by 93%.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18).
Entry #115777u.
C-1155-74
STUDY OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE REMOVAL OF BENZO-(A)PYRENE FROM
URBAN WASTE WATER BY BIOLOGICAL PURIFICATION [English summary]
Yershova, K. P., Y. I. Nefedov, L. S. Kanunnikova, and M. G.
Krylova. 1974.
Gigiyena i Sanitariya 2:102-103.
Total biological treatment of benzo (a)pyrene and ether soluble
hydrocarbons in waste water resulted in removal efficiencies
ranging from 77.5 to 98.6% and 69.2 to 88.4% respectively.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(4). Entry #W75-01766.
C-1156-74
REMOVAL OF PHENOLS FROM POLLUTED WATERS
Zogorski, J. S., and S. D. Faust. 1974.
Final Report, W75-01857, OWRT-A-033-NJ(1). 96 p.
Activated carbons can remove phenolic compounds from water.
Equilibrium kinetic and adsorption studies were done in the best
of nine granular activated carbons in order to evaluate variables
such as contact time, temperature, phenol solubility, initial
phenol concentration and molecular structure of the phenol.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(3). Entry IPB-237 859/4GA.
135
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4. PERSONNEL TRAINING AND EDUCATION
C-1157-74
BOSTON HARBOR IS CLEANER NOW AS OIL SPILLS DROP
Brodersen, C. 1975.
National Petroleum News 67(4):23-24.
The amount of oil spilled in Boston Harbor decreased by 75%
between 1973 and 1974. Improved maintenance and training
procedures for oil industry employees were largely responsible.
The Boston Harbor Oil Spills Cooperative and the Tri-City
Industrial Anti-Pollution Committee were also helpful in
engineering the decrease.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1158-74
AN OIL POLLUTION CONTROL OFFICER TRAINING COURSE
Cormack, D., and P. G. Jeffrey. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 69-72.
The aim of the course o to develop in oil pollution officers
an understanding for the available techniques and practices.
The 10-day training program contains lectures, films, demon-
strations and practical work. The course topics include
prevention of beach pollution, beach cleaning and oil recovery.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1159-74
STREAM PRESERVATION TRAINING
McMillan, W. W. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 73-74.
One inland manufacturing facility, affiliated with General Motors,
improved its oil handling abilities by providing stream preservation
training, i.e., to foster a positive attitude toward oil spill
cleanup. The trainees learned whom to notify in case of an oil
spill, how to choose the correct methods of containment and
recovery, and how to handle on-site public relations.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
136
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C-1160-74
PREPARATION OF AN OIL SPILL PREVENTION TRAINING PROGRAM
Mossteller, T. L. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 65-68.
In order to develop a packaged learning program on oil spill
prevention, several factors needed to be considered. Through
on-site interviews, generalizations were developed about
terminal operators' backgrounds, skills and present knowledge
of oil spill prevention. Combining this data with what manage-
ment wanted the operators to know, two audio tape and workbook
sets were developed - for prevention and for cleanup procedures.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
137
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5. REGULATIONS, STANDARDS, AND PLANNING
C-1161-74
AN ORGANIZATION PLAN FOR MINIMIZING THE DAMAGE EFFECTS OF A MAJOR
OIL SPILL
Alberts, D. A., Sr., and W. C. Park. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 275-279.
Without prior preparation for a major oil spill, cleanup can be
costly, inefficient and ineffective. A typical line diagram
organizational chart, job descriptions of key personnel, and
basic requirements of the response plans for effective cleanup
are included in this paper.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1162-74
CONTINGENCY AND RESPONSE
(Author not given). 1974.
National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills, San
Francisco, 1974. p. 38-84.
Contingency planning for controlling hazardous materials spills
on national, statewide, local and industrial levels is discussed
in 12 papers. The hazards associated with bulk sea transport
of liquefied gases are examined and management of hazardous spills
in wastewater systems is evaluated.
Oil handling
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(4).
Entry #75-02824.
C-l163-74
FIRST AID FOR A HALF DEAD SEA
Anonymous. 1975.
The Ecologist 5(3):103.
This report describes the agreement made by the "Convention for
the Protection of the Baltic Sea's Environment" to impose
environmental regulations protecting the Baltic Sea from the
138
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devastating pollution from industry, coastal towns and shipping.
One rule prohibits the discharge of oil and oil mixtures from
oil tankers and ships of 400 tons and above into the sea.
International legislation
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1164-74
GUIDELINES ON THE USE AND ACCEPTABILITY OF OIL SPILL DISPERSANTS
Anonymous. 1973.
EPS l-EE-73-1. Environment Canada. 59 p.
Dispersants must meet certain specifications before they can
be used in the recommended way in Canada. Procedures for placing
a dispersant on the approved list and recommended methods for
determining toxicity, biodegradability and effectiveness are
given.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. 1975.
5(2). Entry #5Q2106.
C-1165-74
LIABILITY LIMITS FOR SMALL ONSHORE OIL STORAGE FACILITIES -
PROPOSED RULES
Anonymous. 1973.
Federal Register 38(90):12,339-12,340.
The Environmental Protection Agency has established size classi-
fications and liability limits for storage facilities of 1000 bbl
or less capacity. When a discharge occurs and is cleaned up by
the federal government, liability ranges from $4,000 to $200,000,
depending on the capacity of the above ground storage; below
ground limits range from $5,200 to $260,000.
Oil handling
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(11).
Entry #202,162.
C-1166-74
OPERATION PREPAREDNESS-CANADIAN PLANNING FOR OIL SPILL EMERGENCIES
Anonymous. 1974.
Oil Spill Control Association of America Newsletter 1(2). 2 p.
139
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"Operation Preparedness" was a Canadian government project to
test ways to handle oil spills and to collect information to
aid in effective decision-making during countermeasure operations
in case of a major spill in the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers.
Information collected is in the form of an "Action Plan," and
will be available to those involved in contingency planning.
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #071954.
C-1167-74
REGIONAL OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES POLLUTION CONTINGENCY PLAN.
REGION V INLAND
Anonymous. 1974.
Environmental Protection Agency. 147 p.
This regional contingency plan provides a mechanism to coordinate
response to a spill of oil or other hazardous substance in the
Great Lakes or its shores. The federal and state response systems
are coordinated and local developments are encouraged to handle
such spills.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975. 75(4).
Entry #PB-237 540/OGA.
C-l168-74
SUEZ CANAL FACES FUTURE FULL OF QUESTIONS
Anonymous. 1975.
Chemical and Engineering News 53(23):12-13.
It is reported that the reopening of the Suez Canal will increase
oil pollution of the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea, both of which
are enclosed pollution-free zones. Pollution is likely to occur
in these bodies of water due to massive oil spills and small
discharges of oily water from bilges, ballast tanks and oil tank
washings from tankers passing through the canal. Plans to protect
the Mediterranean from oil pollution are discussed.
Oil handling
Reporting
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
140
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C-1169-74
CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT OF THE
BALTIC
Besser, R. 1974.
Schiff und Hafen 26(6):518-519.
The following stipulations were included in the convention held
in Helsinki, May 22, 1974: security of navigation routes,
protection of the Baltic from oil pollution by oil discharges
and drilling towers, control of sea shipment of hazardous
substances, waste disposal from ships, and the institution of
a commission for the observance of the agreement of new
regulations and proposals.
International legislation
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(1). Entry #207.
C-ll70-74
ANALYSIS OF OIL SPILL INCIDENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
STATEMENTS
Beyaert, B. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 39-45.
When an environmental impact statement (EIS) is prepared for
oil-handling projects, the statement should include the probable
frequency of oil spills, the impact of spills on all phases of
the environment and measures to prevent, contain and clean up
oil spills. This paper is intended to serve as a guide for anyone
preparing or reviewing an EIS for a project involving a high oil
spill risk.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1171-74
PLANNING AND DEVELOPING A COMPANY OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLAN
Beynon, L. R., G. J. Brockis, T. E. Lester, and P. D. Holmes.
1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 271-274.
The purpose of the contingency plan is to develop a capability
to deal with a large spill anywhere in the world arising from
141
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British Petroleum Group operations. Oil spill cleanup and
containment equipment was chosen and located in certain world
areas. The plan must be interfaced with the local representa-
tive and national planning.
Cleanup and recovery
Containment
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1172-74
DETERMINATION OF AN OIL EFFLUENT GUIDELINE FOR INDUSTRIAL
DISCHARGES IN THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY: IS 1 PPM REALISTIC
AND OBTAINABLE?
Birns, K. F. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 47-49.
From the data in this paper, it can be shown that 1 ppm of oil
can be measured, taints fish and shellfish, is detectable by
humans, can be toxic to fish and crab eggs, and can be removed
from waste water. The state has the authority to determine
water quality standards and to enforce these regulations.
State legislation
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l173-74
SPILL PREVENTION: THE SPCC APPROACH
Charlton, T. J., and J. M. Cunningham. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 187-188.
All non-transportation-related facilities with a certain level
of oil storage are required to prepare a Spill Prevention Control
and Countermeasure plan. Environmental Protection Agency
procedures on reviews, amendments, appeals and penalty procedures
for SPCC's are discussed.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l174-74
NORTH SEA OIL: NEW CIVIL ENGINEER SPECIAL REVIEW
Cottrill, A. 1974.
New Civil Engineering No. 95. 72 p.
142
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This review includes material on subjects ranging from license
to drill, to the law on certification and pollution and surveying
the undersea.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(11).
Entry #202,213.
C-1175-74
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL OIL SPILL
CONTINGENCY PLANS FOR THE LONG ISLAND SOUND AREA
Low, S. T. 1973.
NTIS Report COM-73-11041. 63 p.
Several contingency plans for action in oil spill events in the
Long Island Sound area are examined for their legal authority,
the geographic area of jurisdiction, operation procedures, and
their possible interaction with other contingency plans.
Biological effects of oil pollution and control techniques are
also discussed.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(6). Entry #W75-03002.
C-ll76-74
PLANNING FOR MINIMUM OIL-SPILL RISK: ESTERO BAY DEEPWATER
TERMINAL AND PIPELINE
Mayer, J. F. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 287-291.
The Estero Bay deepwater terminal and pipeline project design
aims for no spillage. All personnel, including operators and
mooring masters, will be trained to operate and maintain
equipment to avoid all oil spills. A contingency plan for
possible spills is also provided.
Design and engineering
Personnel training and education
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
143
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C-1177-74
PRODUCTION OF CRUDE OIL AND KEEPING WATERWAYS CLEAN
Rottgardt, D. 1974.
Wasserwirtschaft-Wassertechnik 64(7-8):200-206.
The infiltration behavior of German crude oils in the soils has
been studied. Measures undertaken to avoid oil pollution
incidents in the oil fields are described. The importance of
contingency plans for pollution control is emphasized.
Citation Source:
Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(2). Entry #358.
C-ll78-74
MARYLAND'S EXPERIENCE IN OIL SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Silbermann, H., and E. C. Weber. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 51-55.
Maryland's spill prevention and response program involves the
Water Resources Administration, petroleum industry representa-
tives, local volunteer fire departments, and a small
coordinating staff. Licensing fees from oil terminal facilities
form a contingency fund for cleanup, but the emphasis is on
prevention. A 24-hour a day response capability exists with
equipment and supplies stockpiled all over the state.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1179-74
TANKER COLLISION EMPHASIZES NEED FOR TOUGH REGULATIONS
Townes, B. 1975.
National Fisherman 55(12):20-A.
An American chemical tanker rammed a Liberian tanker which was
unloading at a refinery dock on the Delaware River. Even with
prompt action by the Coast Guard, oil sheen was present on the
river and the sludge was thick on the beaches. The more
stringent tanker regulations urged by Congress and environ-
mentalists could perhaps have helped avoid this pollution
incident.
Reporting
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
144
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6. RESEARCH
C-1180-74
HOW GURC ESTABLISHES A CONTROL PROFILE OF OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENT:
INTERVIEW WITH 0. M. SHARP
Anonymous. 1974.
Petroleum Engineering 46:20-28.
The article consists of a question-answer discussion of the
activities and responsibilities of the Gulf Universities
Research Consortium (GURC). A report of the Offshore Ecology
Investigation, in which the research consortium examined the
environmental impact of marine oil operations off Louisiana,
is given.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1181-74
PREVENTION OF POLLUTION THROUGH ISOLATION OF OIL FROM SEAWATER
BALLAST IN TANKERS
Carmichael, A. D. 1974.
New England Section Meeting of the Society of Naval Architects
and Marine Engineers, April, 1974. 41 p.
The use of impermeable membranes for isolating ballast water
from oil cargo is evaluated in (1) very large crude barriers
and (2) in the operation of compensated tanks which are always
filled.
Oil handling
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #071676.
C-1182-74
BEACH PROTECTION BY A DEGRADABLE, SPRAYED FILM
Dailey, J. J., P. E. Cassidy, and B. J. Yager. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975- p. 415-423.
Of 18 resin systems initially screened for their solution and
film properties, two were used in mock-beach protection tests.
145
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One coat of 55% polyvinyl acetate protects the sand against
oil permeation and rock and wood against staining. The film
is nontoxic and clear, but slow to degrade in laboratory
conditions.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l183-74
PROBING THE PORT OF VALDEZ
Dedera, D. 1974.
Petroleum Today 1974/three.
Baseline studies of the Port of Valdez have resulted in a
500-page book titled Environmental Studies of Port Valdez.
Major findings include the facts that the inlet flushes fairly
rapidly and contains bacteria which feed on hydrocarbons.
Biological degradation
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1184-74
SLOP TANK DESIGN FOR IMPROVED LOAD-ON-TOP
Fiocco, R. J., and V. W. Redley. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 195-200.
Research on the design of slop tanks for the Load-On-Top system
produced guidelines on capacity, structure, inlets, outlets,
system design and waste water handling procedures. Both the
degree of oil-water mixing and the dispersion of separated oil
during feeding and discharging operations are minimized.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1185-74
OIL SPILLS: AN INDUSTRY APPROACH
Haxby, L. P. 1974.
Ecolibrium 3(3):8-10.
The author discusses the oil spill research program being
conducted by the American Petroleum Institute. Improved efforts
in the industry's ability to cope with oil spill events and
sophisticated technologies associated with oil spill prevention
are discussed.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(3).
Entry #75-02297.
146
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C-l186-74
OIL SPILL PROBLEMS IN COLD CLIMATES: THE COAST GUARD ATTACKS
THE ALASKAN OIL SPILL PROBLEM
Koburger, E. W., and J. H. Getman. 1974.
Naval Engineers Journal 86:59-64.
The paper is a review of the Coast Guard's Arctic Pollution
Response Program, a research effort whose objective is to
determine the behavior of oil spilled on, under and among ice.
Work is being conducted on the detection, logistics, recovery
and disposal of Arctic oil spills; the program aims to provide
an interim detection and response capability by 1976 and a total
capability by 1980.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1187-74
A RISK-ANALYTIC APPROACH TO CONTROL OF LARGE-VOLUME OIL SPILLS
Paulsen, A. S., A. D. Schumaker, and W. A. Wallace. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 301-306.
Large-volume oil spills happen more often than is predicted
using traditional methods. Long, thick-tailed probability
distributions fit the U.S. Coast Guard data files on oil spills
much better. Accurate predictions of oil spill volumes will
enable the Coast Guard marine environmental protection program
management to more effectively allocate resources and devise
operational guidelines for field units.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l188-74
CONSIDERABLE DAMAGE DONE BY OIL - COUNTLESS SPILLS UNDETECTED
Sauve, J. 1975.
Western Fisheries 39(6):18-25.
The Canadian Minister of the Environment outlines the problems
facing Canada in her attempt to maintain clean seas. The threats
of blowouts from the Arctic and the East Coast increased tanker
activity require that baseline research be increased, up to date
hydrographic charts be made and spill technology be advanced.
Close cooperation with industry and with other departments will
be necessary to minimize spills.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
147
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C-1189-74
NAVY SHIPBOARD INVESTIGATION OF OILY WASTES
Smookler, A. L., and J. W. Harden, Jr. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 189-193.
Results of a questionnaire survey of almost 500 ships are that
10% of all shipboard oily waste is from ballast waters, mostly
from oilers. Other sources of oily waste, such as bilge fluid,
and generation rates of oily wastes are discussed. The next
step of the Navy's oil pollution abatement program should be
to develop shipboard oil-water separators.
Oil handling
Waste water treatment
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-ll90-74
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND NATURAL PRODUCT SYSTEMS FOR THE PROTECTION
OF COASTAL SHORELINES FROM OIL SPILLS AND OIL CONTAMINATION
Stewart, W. S. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 425-430.
Physical forms of certain microorganisms and several plant
polysaccharides are able to protect the surfaces of dry rocks
from being wet by oil. Data are presented on effective dosage,
application methods, temperature effects, the duration of the
protection and the overall efficiency of this natural system.
Design and engineering
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
148
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E. EFFECTS OF OIL PROSPECTING AND PRODUCTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
C-1191-74
ARE SUPERTANKERS HAZARDS TO THE ENVIRONMENT?
Abrahamsen, E. 1974.
Veritas 20(81):3-7.
The article includes a discussion of the extreme dangers to
the tanker crews and to the environment of large tankers,
due to poor construction and structural unreliability. It is
claimed that the accident rate for supertankers is soaring
and that cumulative pollution from oil leaks, spills and
dumpings from these ships is worse than possible supertanker
wrecks.
Oil handling
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(5).
Entry #203-471.
C-1192-74
ATLANTIC AND ALASKAN OIL DRILLING PROSPECTS
Anonymous. 1974.
Marine Technology Society Journal 8(5):8-13.
The article contains excerpts from the Council on Environmental
Quality report "DCS Oil and Gas--An Environmental Assessment,"
submitted April, 1974. The report assesses the environmental
vulnerabilities of the potential oil-producing areas, and
recommends procedures, requirements and restrictions for protec-
tion and development.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1974. 15(5).
Entry #203,476-
C-ll93-74
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN THE QUEEN ELIZABETH
ISLANDS
Babb, T. A., and L. C. Bliss. 1974.
Arctic 27(3):234-236.
The effect of physical disturbances from oil and gas exploration
on the soils and vegetation of Queen Elizabeth Islands is discussed.
149
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Areas of sparse plant cover are susceptible to sheet and gully
erosion. Softening of slightly disturbed surfaces on moist
fine-grained substrates occurs.
Physical effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(4).
Entry #75-03018.
C-l194-74
OCS OIL AND GAS: AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, VOLUME 5
Council on Environmental Quality. 1974.
April. 583 p.
The biological effects of potential oil discharges resulting
from oil production on the Atlantic and Alaskan outer shelves
are examined. The effects of small-volume continuous oil
discharges are considered in this report as well as the impacts
and recovery from occasional large-volume accidental oil spills.
Citation Source: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
1975. 13(9). Entry #N75-17840.
150
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2. PHYSICAL EFFECTS
C-1195-74
PRIMARY, PHYSICAL IMPACTS OF OFFSHORE PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENTS:
REPORT TO COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Devanney, J. W., III, and J. B. Lassiter, III. 1974.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Report, MITS6-74-20.
Four studies are compiled in this report to the Council on
Environmental Quality as part of its studies on oil exploration
and drilling in the Atlantic and Alaskan continental shelves:
I. Simulation of Hypothetical Offshore Petroleum Developments;
II. Analysis of Oil Spill Statistics; III. Oil Spill Trajectory
Studies for Atlantic Coast and Gulf of Alaska; and IV. The Role
of Mass Transport in Oil Slick Weathering.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #057122.
C-1196-74
PRIMARY PHYSICAL IMPACTS OF OFFSHORE PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENTS
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1974.
Technology Report, MITSG-74-20 NOAA-74050602, COM-74-11125/3GA.
449 p.
The probability of oil spills and spili volume for a range of
hypothetical oil finds from the Atlantic and Gulf of Alaskan
shelves is determined. The spreading route of the oil spills
and the weathering of the oil is examined.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(3).
Entry #199,493.
151
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3. CHEMICAL EFFECTS
C-1197-74
HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATION DETECTED BY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
IN SEAWATER OVER THE CONTINENTAL SHELF OF ATLANTIC CANADA -
BACKGROUND
Gordon, D. C., Jr., and P. D. Keizer. 1974.
Technical Report, Fisheries Research Board Canada No. 448. 24 p.
The concentration of hydrocarbons in water samples from various
sites, including exploration sites, was measured using fluores-
cence spectroscopy. Higher concentrations were observed in
exploration areas; if real, these concentrations decreased soon
after exploration activity decreased.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(6).
Entry #200,555.
152
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4. SOCIAL EFFECTS
C-ll98-74
SUPERPORTS
Barrett, A. C. 1974.
Vital Speeches, September 15, 1974, 40(23):712.
National reactions to superport development, include support
by the Gulf Coast states and environmental opposition on the
East Coast. Government action on deepwater port facilities is
reviewed.
National legislation
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry #75-01528.
C-ll99-74
METHODOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN EVALUATING
SOCIAL ACTION POLICY
Cook, T. J., and F. P. Scioli, Jr. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 67-69.
Some of the problems in assessing the social aspects of oils
are outlined from the standpoint of the political scientist.
Workable methodologies must have adequate measurement, design
and analysis components and also be standardized. Political
problems include time, cost and the autonomy of the social
scientist in evaluating public policy.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l200-74
SPORT FISHERIES AND OFFSHORE OIL
Jensen, A. C. 1974.
New York Fisheries Journal 21(2):105-116.
The marine sports fishery resources in the northeast (U.S.A.)
are discussed with regard to the suspected petroleum reserves
under the continental shelf. Talk about exploration and produc-
tion drilling on the shelf has created concern among the
fishermen there.
Economic effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(3).
Entry #13775.
153
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C-1201-74
THE COASTAL ZONE AND OIL SPILLS: CULTURAL SPLITS
Marx, W. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 77-78.
In coastal communities, the traditional view of accepting
the undesirable effects of marine oil development because of
the need for oil conflicts with a newer perspective which
tries to reduce or prevent such side-effects by changing
demands. Social values are being incorporated into political
processes.
Economic effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1202-74
THE ENERGY CRISIS: HOW TO SURVIVE UNTIL WE RUN OUT OF OIL
Sanders, N. K. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 97-99.
The solution to the energy crisis lies in eliminating the use
of non-renewable energy supplies, and reducing consumption.
Using alternate modes of transportation, designing appliances
and goods to conserve energy, and finding alternate sources of
energy are reviewed. The oil industry is portrayed as a pusher
to American energy addicts.
Economic effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1203-74
OUTLOOK BLEAK FOR REVIVAL OF CALIFORNIA OIL ACTIVITY
Wilson, H. M. 1975.
Oil and Gas Journal 73(2):15-18.
Political developments in 1974 have changed the attitude toward
oil activity. Governor Brown emphasizes the environment rather
than energy. An all-new California State Lands Commission
appears to be anti-oil development. Delays, antitrust suits and
opposition to offshore lease sales are mounting.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(15).
Entry #200,087.
154
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5. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
C-l204-74
A SURVEY OF THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF AN
ONSHORE DEEPWATER PORT AT GALVESTON, TEXAS. PART I AND
PART II
Bragg, D. M., R. W. Haan, and W. P. James. 1974.
Texas A & M University, Sea Grant Program No. TAMU-SG-74-213,214.
NTIS Report COM-74-11031/3; COM-74-11030.
Part I includes a discussion of the economic effects of onshore
deepwater port facilities. In Part II, the environmental
implications of such development are discussed.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #057261.
155
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6. GENERAL EFFECTS
C-l205-74
BEAUFORT SEA DRILLING MAY BE FEASIBLE
Anonymous. 1975.
Offshore 35(3):128-133.
Offshore drilling in the Arctic must be based on research under
its own unique conditions of low temperatures and ice. The
worst damage to the Arctic environment could come from under-
water pipeline rupture rather than blowouts. Cleanup in some
situations would be impossible. Two of the 32 studies in the
Beaufort Sea Project focus on oil spills.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1206-74
DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT. OCS SALE NO. 32
Anonymous. 1974.
U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 660.
(unnumbered)
The tracts proposed for leasing are offshore Mississippi,
Alabama and Florida. Some degree of pollution from accidental
or chronic oil spillage is associated with all tracts.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(7).
Entry #200,860.
C-1207-74
FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT. FES 73-19
Anonymous. 1974.
U.S. Department of Interior, Washington, D. C. 610 p.
(unnumbered)
The 129 tracts proposed for leasing are offshore Texas. All
tracts entail some risk of environmental damage due to oil
spillage. Alternatives are considered.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(7).
Entry #200,864.
156
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C-l208-74
FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT. DCS SALE NO. 36 FES 74-41
[Book]
Anonymous. 1974.
U.S. Department of Interior, Washington, D. C. Vol. 1,
356 p.; Vol. 2, 373p.; Vol. 3, 437 p.
Volume 1 discusses the pollution risk due to the proposed
leasing of 295 tracts offshore Louisiana. Volume 2 discusses
offshore oil and gas operations, environmental impact of the
proposed sale and measures included to lessen the impact,
unavoidable adverse environmental effects, irreversible commit-
ment of resources and alternatives. Volume 3 discusses the
consultation and coordination processes necessary to write
the draft statement and final statement. Review comments are
attached.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(7).
Entries #200,865; #200,866; #200,867.
C-1209-74
FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT: PROPOSED 1974 OUTER CONTINENTAL
SHELF, OIL AND GAS GENERAL LEASE SALE, OFFSHORE TEXAS, FES74-14
Anonymous. 1974.
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Vol. 1,
438 p.; Vol. 2, 414 p.; Vol. 3, 240 p.
Volume 1 discusses the potential risk of adverse effects on the
environment due to oil spillage if the 245 tracts are leased.
Volume 2 details OCS operating regulations and orders to stop
oil spillage and to provide contingency procedures in case of
spills. Measures related to oil spills, offshore structures and
pipelines are discussed. Volume 3 discusses the consultation
and coordination processes that were involved in preparing the
draft environmental statement and final environmental statement.
Review comments are included.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(7).
Entries #200,861; #200,862; #200,863.
C-l210-74
GROUND WATER POLLUTION FROM SUBSURFACE EXCAVATIONS. PART V.
OTHER TYPES OF WELLS
Anonymous. 1974.
Water Well Journal 28(8):59-62.
A great deal of ground water pollution results from subsurface
excavations. This article is the fifth in a series of 12 articles
157
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released by the Environmental Protection Agency which discusses
the technical aspects and regulations of wells used in various
industries, including the petroleum industry.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(1). Entry #4.
C-1211-74
NEW HURDLE FOR REFINERS
Anonymous. 1975.
Chemical Week 116(13):13.
The master design for development of California's coastline
requires screening of all proposals for new or expanded
refineries. Provisions covering areas available for construction,
release of toxic substances and the responsibility for oil spills
are discussed briefly.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1212-74
OIL ON THE OUTER SHELF
Anonymous. 1975.
Sierra Club Bulletin 60(2):12,35.
A discussion of the proposal for a tenfold increase in the rate
of leasing lands under federal jurisdiction on the outer
continental shelf to energy companies for oil development, and
the Draft Environmental Impact Statement on the proposed acceler-
ated program completed by the Department of the Interior's Bureau
of Land Management is provided. Actions planned by the Sierra
Club in response to this program are outlined.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1213-74
SAFE OFF-CALIFORNIA DEVELOPMENT SEEN
Anonymous. 1975.
Oil and Gas Journal 73(9):50,52.
The Department of Interior states that the technology is available
to safely lease and develop offshore tracts. Interior's estimates
158
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of available gas and oil reserves off California are only 1/5
those of the WOGA (Western Oil and Gas Association). Major
environmental damage may include oil spills of 82,000 to 116,000
bbl in routine operations, and transportation spills of 61,000
to 288,000 bbl.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1214-74
STUDY FINDS CALIFORNIA SEARCH BEST BET
Anonymous. 1975.
Offshore 35(2):231,234.
An environmental assessment study indicated that there may be
six to nineteen billion barrels of recoverable oil and 12 to 38
trillion cubic feet of gas in the proposed federal lease sale
area off Southern California. The study, made for Western Oil
and Gas Association, concluded that there could be no sizeable
environmental damage resulting from drilling.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(13).
Entry #202,765.
C-1215-74
OIL AND PUGET SOUND
Baldwin, M. F., and M. L. Baldwin. 1973.
The Living Wilderness Autumn, p. 14-23.
The effects of the construction of the trans-Alaska pipeline on
the Puget Sound are discussed. The probability of more intensive
coastal oil development, tanker traffic and resulting oil spills
is explained. Methods of oil containment and cleanup and possible
damage to marine life are discussed.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(6). Entry #W75-03281.
159
-------
C-1216-74
ONSHORE PLANNING FOR OFFSHORE OIL: LESSONS FROM SCOTLAND
Baldwin, P. L., and M. F. Baldwin. 1975.
Conservation Foundation (Universe). 184 p.
The onshore effects of offshore oil and gas discovery are analyzed.
The development of the gas and oil fields, construction of plat-
forms, pipelines and refineries, and the effects of the above on
Scotland's environment are discussed.
Citation Source: Science News. 1975. 107(19):298.
C-1217-74
PETROLEUM AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Bettini, V.
Ecologia 3(12):14-18.
The paper includes 11 major refiners and distributers of
petroleum products in Italy and evaluates their role as potential
polluters of the environment. The impact of refineries on
coastal ecosystems and available measures for prevention of
further pollution are discussed.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(9). Entry #3102.
C-l218-74
PROPOSED 1973 OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF OIL AND GAS GENERAL LEASE
SALE OFFSHORE MISSISSIPPI, ALABAMA, AND FLORIDA, VOLUME 4
(FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT)
Bureau of Land Management. 1973.
NTIS Report EIS-MS-73-1651-F-4. 335 p.
Five volumes comprise the Final Environmental Statement for the
Outer Continental Shelf. The 4th volume includes the consultation
and coordination processes involved in preparing the draft and
final statement. Also presented are public hearing testimony
and records and written comments from private organizations.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(9). Entry #W75-04589.
160
-------
C-1219-74
PROPOSED 1973 OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF OIL AND GAS GENERAL LEASE
SALE, OFFSHORE MISSISSIPPI, ALABAMA, AND FLORIDA, VOLUME 5
(FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT)
Bureau of Land Management. 1973.
NTIS Report EIS-MS-73-1651-F-5. 262 p.
The fifth volume contains several attachments to the Statement,
including outer continental shelf operating orders (numbers 1
through 12) for the Gulf of Mexico, proposed schedule for DCS
leasing, report of the work group on OCS safety and pollution
control, a geological survey of OCS gas and oil operations
lease and management program, and equipment available for
emergency oil spill control and cleanup in the Gulf of Mexico.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(9). Entrv #W75-04590.
C-1220-74
MORE OIL ON TROUBLED WATERS?
Clapper, L. S. 1975.
National Wildlife 13(4):29-31.
The author discusses the many aspects of the offshore drilling
campaign, including environmental opposition, presidential
politics and U.S. foreign oil independence, and the question of
just how much oil and gas exist offshore.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1221-74
OCS OIL AND GAS: AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, VOLUME 1
Council on Environmental Quality. 1974.
April. 229 p.
The potential environmental impacts of Atlantic and Gulf of
Alaska outer continental shelf oil and gas development are
discussed. The environmental vulnerabilities of these areas
are assessed and procedures for protection and alternate OCS
development are recommended.
Citation Source: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
1975. 13(9). Entry #N75-17837.
161
-------
C-1222-74
OCS OIL AND GAS: AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, VOLUME 2
Council on Environmental Quality. 1974.
April. 269 p.
Topics in this volume include a summary of world oil and gas
reserves, methods of selecting hypothetical locations of these
reserves, a national energy conservation program, environmental
considerations in the petroleum refining industry and environ-
mental quality as it relates to OCS oil and gas development.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
1975. 13(9). Entry IN75-17838.
C-1223-74
OCS OIL AND GAS: AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, VOLUME 3
Council on Environmental Quality. 1974.
April. 199 p.
The effect of natural phenomena (storms, tidal surge, currents,
ice, earthquakes, tsunamis) on offshore petroleum development
is discussed and the potential volumes of oil that would be
released as a result of these effects are determined. Also
described are the physical systems needed for OCS oil production,
and collective oil spill probabilities for these systems.
Citation Source: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
1975. 13(9). Entry #N75-17836.
C-l224-74
OCS OIL AND GAS: AN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, VOLUME 4
Council on Environmental Quality. 1974.
April. 617 p.
Potential onshore effects of offshore oil and gas development
on the Atlantic and Gulf of Alaska outer continental shelves
are discussed. A description of methods used to assess onshore
socio-economic and environmental impacts is presented.
Social effects of oil prospecting and production
Economic effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
1975. 13(9). Entry #N75-17839-
162
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C-l225-74
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: TEN MILLION ACRES OF OIL FOR SALE
Erickson, M. A. 1975.
Sierra Club Bulletin 60(2):19.
A discussion is given of the plans of the Department of the
Interior to lease offshore areas of Southern California for
oil development; the inadequacies of the draft environmental
impact statement on the 10-mi11 ion-acre program are also
discussed.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1226-74
THE DEVALUATION OF ALASKA
Gilbert, B. 1975.
Audubon 77(3):64-80.
The issues underlying the Great Alaska Pipeline Debate, an
environmental controversy over the construction of a pipeline
across Alaska for transportation of Prudhoe oil to southern
refineries, are discussed.
Biological effects of prospecting and production
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1227-74
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES FOR MAJOR OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENTS
Heckard, J. M., and D. L. Woodford. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th, Houston, 1974. Preprints,
Vol. 2, p. 635-640.
Mono-buoys and docking islands for large crude oil carriers are
major offshore developments. Legislative requirements for
environmental studies and the scope of the work needed for a
comprehensive environmental evaluation are reviewed with emphasis
on oil spills and movements.
General effects of oil pollution
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts. 1975.
5(2). Entry #5Q2035.
163
-------
C-1228-74
WAITING FOR THE PIPELINE
Hill, G. 1974.
National Wildlife 12(4):6-10.
The article reviews the development in Alaska of a 789-mile
pipeline to tap the oil fields of the North Slope,and the
actions of the environmentalists and oil companies to minimize
the impact of the construction on Alaska's delicate ecosystem
and wildlife.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1229-74
HOW GURC ESTABLISHES A CONTROL PROFILE OF OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENT
Ives, G. 1975.
Petroleum Engineer 46(13):20, 24, 27-28.
Gulf Universities Research Consortium (GURC) has generated a
data base on environmental conditions to discover the effect man
has on ecosystems. Seasonal variability, hydrocarbons, primary
production, and community structure are among the parameters
measured.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(5).
Entry #200,223.
C-l230-74
PUBLIC POLICY TOWARD ENVIRONMENT 1973: A REVIEW AND APPRAISAL
OF FOSSIL ENERGY
Jordan, A. R., M. W. Willrich, J. J. Schanz, et al. 1973.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 216:63-78.
A review is given of the environmental impact of fossil energy
production, ranging from exploration to consumption. The coal,
oil and gas industries are examined. Past practices and present
policies of fossil energy production are appraised in this review.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(10). Entry #3697.
C-1231-74
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING STARTS WITH PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
Kilburn, P. D., and M. W. Legatski. 1974.
Hydrocarbon Processing 53(10):95-98.
164
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The article presents a discussion of Colony Development
Operation's project to construct an oil shale complex in
Colorado to process oil shale and produce synthetic crude
oil. The environmental planning that was conducted during
this development is reviewed.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1232-74
THE THREAT TO EUROPE'S OIL FIELDS
Loftas, T. 1974.
New Scientist 63(912):516-518.
The protection of North Sea oil platforms from sabotage or
military attack, and the pollution problem of oil production
in this area are two topics discussed in the article.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(3).
Entry #12-02303.
C-l233-74
OIL SPILL COUNTERMEASURES FOR THE BEAUFORT SEA
Logan, W. J. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 265-268.
The Beaufort Sea studies are designed to answer questions about
the impact of the exploratory drilling phase of offshore oil
operations and possible blowouts. The engineering feasibility
and costs of cleanup are to be assessed. A weather and sea-ice
prediction system will help reduce the hazards to both personnel
and environment.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1234-74
ANOTHER VIEW OF OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS OPERATIONS
Menard, H. W. 1974.
Marine Technology Society Journal 8(9):2-12.
The National Academy of Sciences comments on the report "OCS
Oil and Gas--An Environmental Assessment." The National Academy
165
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concludes that the criteria used to rate potential outer con-
tinental shelf development by environmental risk are inadequate.
In particular, the ratings of the Atlantic DCS are questioned.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(16).
Entry #203,789.
C-1235-74
THE SELLING OF THE SHELF
Mitchell, J. 6. 1975.
Audubon 77(3):44-63.
The author discusses the questions and problems arising from
the U.S. Government's plans for development of outer continental
shelf (DCS) oil and gas resources: Views supporting and opposing
the government's plans are presented, and an analysis of the Draft
Environmental Impact Statement which assesses the impact of
accelerated OCS leasing is given.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1236-74
ENERGY DEMAND AND ITS EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Morris, D. N. 1973.
Report No. P-5048. 29 p.
The topics of this report include crude oil production, environ-
mental impacts and social impacts of energy use.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(3). Entry #AD/A-002 123/8GA.
C-1237-74
OFFSHORE OIL IS NOT ALL BAD, SAYS ONE WHO LIVED WITH GULF WELLS
Norville, W. 1975.
National Fisherman 56(1):18-19A.
The author presents a short history of offshore drilling in the
Gulf of Mexico. The positive effects of the industry on local
fishermen are given.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
166
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C-1238-74
LIVING ENVIRONMENT, INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT
Rayzacher, B. 1973.
Externerner Bericht, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe 2(12):821-827.
A discussion is concerned with the environmental damages caused
by petroleum production and transportation, and technological
developments to limit petroleum pollution. The need for govern-
mental action in solving these problems is emphasized.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(6). Entry #1992.
C-1239-74
LOUISIANA SUPERPORT: PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT OF A SUPERPORT ON THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL AREA OF LOUISIANA
Stone, J. H. (undated)
Louisiana State University Center for Wetland Resources Report
LSU-SG-72-05.
Evaluations are made on the environmental impacts of two proposed
superport sites in southeastern Louisiana. Damage to estuaries
caused by oil spill drift is predicted.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(3).
Entry #75-02309.
C-1240-74
LOUISIANA SUPERPORT STUDIES. REPORT 3. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN
Stone, A. H., J. M. Robbins, D. B. Johnson, R. M. Pope, and 0. G.
Gosselink. 1973.
Center for Wetland Resources, Report 3. 530 p.
Data and recommendations are presented for use in the formulation
of an Environmental Protection Plan which considers Louisiana
superport development. Information on the environment, site
selection, design guidelines, and superport construction and
operation are given; and major environmental stresses that may
result from such development are indicated.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(6). Entry #W75-03183.
167
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C-1241-74
GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF OIL SPILL POTENTIAL ASSOCIATED WITH
ALASKAN OIL PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Surft, W. H., R. E. Brown, L. V. Kimmel, M. M. Orgul, and
P. L. Petersen. 1974.
USCG-D-74, AD-784.099/4GA. 273 p.
The magnitude of oil pollution problems and environmental condi-
tions affecting spill cleanup in Alaska are summarized. The oil
reserves are large (200 billion bbl) and predominantly offshore.
With increasing development, almost every mile of Alaskan
coastline could be exposed to oil spills. The transportation
system employed will determine the extent of these spills; a
single tanker casualty could discharge 60,000 bbl of oil.
Citation Source:
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports.
1975. 13(2). Entry #N75-11543.
C-1242-74
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FUTURE ENERGY SOURCES
Warren, F. H., and M. I. Goldman. 1974.
Chemical Engineering 81(22):47-51.
The environmental effects of exploiting several U.S. energy
sources, including coals, petroleum, nuclear, hydroelectric
and oil shale resources, are discussed. The need for planning
and long-term resolve in balancing energy independence and
environmental stability is stated.
Biological effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(3).
Entry #75-02025.
168
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F. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION
C-1243-74
BENTHAL DECOMPOSITION OF ADSORBED OCTADECANE
Allen, H. L., III. 1974.
Ph.D. Thesis, Rutgers University. 351 p.
A major long-term effect of oil pollution is destruction of
the benthic habitat by deposited oil and from reduced oxygen
concentration due to bacterial decomposition of the oil. This
study evaluates the influence of octadecane, an important
component of crude oil, on benthic decomposition. The author
concludes that the decomposition rate of octadecane is 1/10
that of sewage, and that the oxygen uptake rate is a function
of initial seed volatile solids concentration.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(12).
Entry #202,506.
C-l244-74
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF CYCLOPARAFFINIC HYDROCARBONS VIA
CO METABOLISM AND COMMENSALISM
Beam, H. W., and J. J. Perry.
Journal of General Microbiology 82(1):163-169.
Studies have demonstrated the concerted attack of a mixed
microbial population on cyclohexane; results suggest that both
CO-metabo1 ism and commensal ism are associated with microbial
degradation of these hydrocarbons.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(7). Entry #2431.
C-1245-74
GROWTH OF FUSARIA WITH ASSIMILATION OF HYDROCARBONS [English
summary]
Bilai, V. I., and E. Z. Koval. 1975.
Mikrobiologiya Zhurnal 36(5):587-594.
Two hundred and five Fusarium strains tested were found to
assimilate liquid paraffin, hexadecane and solid paraffin
169
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hydrocarbons. Purified diesel fuel, n-alkanes isolated from
diesel fuel, paraffin oil and bright paraffin fractions were
assimilated by only some strains.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(9).
Entry #53947p.
C-1246-74
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OIL INTRUSION IN THE ESTUARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Crow, S. A., Jr. 1974.
Ph.D. Thesis, Louisiana State University. 193 p.
Crude oil induces a change in the overall activity of the
estuarine microbial population. The observed reduction of
cellulolytic activity could seriously affect the regeneration
of any oil-affected area. Sequential seeding and organic
additives may speed up degradation of spilled oil.
Biological effects of'oil pollution
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(11).
Entry #202,221.
C-1247-74
HYDROCARBON-DEGRADING BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH ARCTIC OIL SEEPS
Cundell, A. M., and R. W. Traxler. 1974.
Developments in Industrial Microbiology 15:250-255.
Fifteen hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were isolated by enrich-
ment culture from an aged asphaltic flow near a natural oil seep,
Cape Simpson, Alaska; their ability to grow on various hydro-
carbons at temperatures ranging from 0° to 24° was studied. The
bacteria were found to grow on the hydrocarbon substrates and
the optimal growth temperature of the organisms suggested that
they were facultative psycrophilic bacteria.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(13).
Entry #82769n.
C-1248-74
BACTERIAL DEGRADATION OF CYCLOHEXANE. PARTICIPATION OF A
CO-OXIDATION REACTION
Deklerk, H., and A. C. Van Der Linden. 1974.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 40(1):7-15.
170
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The steps in the complete biodegradation of cyclohexane by two
strains of Pseudomonad bacteria viz an n-alkane oxidizer and a
microorganism utilizing cyclohexanol are outlined.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control
1974. 6(9). Entry #3331.
C-l249-74
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON MARINE BIODEGRADATION OF OIL. I. NUTRIENT
LIMITATION AT 14°
Gibbs, C. F. 1974.
Proceedings Royal Society of London, Series B 188(1090):61-82.
Oxygen uptake from biodegradation of Kuwait oil over a 45 week
period was determined in a semi-enclosed system with continuous
nutrient replenishment. When measuring the rate of oil degrada-
tion in seawater at 14° and at low nutrient concentrations, the
rate-controlling factor was found to be the rate of replenishment
of N as nitrate or NHs. At 14°, about 4 ym available N is
required per mg oil oxidized, based on oil consumption.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(13).
Entry #82878x.
C-1250-74
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON MARINE BIODEGRADATION OF OIL. II.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
Gibbs, C. F., K. B. Pugh, and A. R. Andrews. 1974.
Proceedings Royal Society of London, Series B 188(1090):83-94.
The rates of petroleum biodegradation in seawater, measured in
terms of oxygen uptake, were determined at 4° and 14°. Results
indicated that the N supply controls oxidation rates at both
4° and 14°; however, the rate of oxidation was drastically
reduced on lowering the temperature from 14° to 4°. Rates of
nutrient uilization were little affected.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(11).
Entry #70229y.
C-1251-74
STUDY OF POLYPHOSPHATES, POLYSACCHARIDES, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS IN
CANDIDA 6UILLIERMONDII [English summary]
Grigor'eva, S. P., G. I. Vorob'eva, V. A. Bysloukh, G. N.
Maksimova, and I. S. Kulaer. 1974.
Prikladnaya Biokhimiya i Mikrobiologiya 9(6):805-812.
171
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In studies of metabolism of C_. guilliermondii cultivated in
medium containing different carbon sources, the total content
of polyphosphates in the yeast grown in oil paraffins was 2 to
2.5 times higher than in the yeast grown in glucose. Cells
grown in oil paraffin accumulated a significant amount of glycogen.
Analysis
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(9).
Entry #48827.
C-1252-74
DETECTION AND PRESENCE OF POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS IN YEAST GROWN
ON MINERAL OIL
Grimmer, G. 1974.
Deutsche Lebensmittel Rundschau 70(11):394-397.
Study results have shown that dietary and brewer's yeast grown
on petroleum or pure n-alkanes contained small amounts or no
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; baker's yeast was found to
contain large amounts that varied with the location from which
the yeasts were obtained.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(15).
Entry #93892y.
C-1253-74
OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS OF THE THERMO-TOLERANT HYDROCARBON-OXIDIZING
YEAST, CANDIDA TROPICALIS [English summary]
Isakova, D. M., E. I. Kvasnikov, and S. R. Todosiichuk. 1974.
Prikladnaya Biokhimiya i Mikrobiologiya 10(3):390-395.
The growth and hydrocarbon consumption of C_. tropical is were
examined at 29 and 39° at a constant growth rate under different
aeration conditions. Increasing the cultivation temperature from
29° to 39° did not influence the growth of the yeast but brought
about a decline in the economic coefficient and an incomplete
oxidation of intracellular hydrocarbons due to 02 insufficiency.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(9).
Entry #48831.
C-1254-74
INITIAL REACTIONS IN THE OXIDATION OF NAPHTHALENE BY
PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA
Jeffrey, A. M., H. J. C. Yen, D. M. Jerina, T. R. Patel, J. F.
Davey, and D. T. Gibson. 1975.
Biochemistry 14(3):575-584-
172
-------
A strain of P_. putida which can utilize naphthalene as its sole
carbon and energy source was isolated from soil. Investigations
were conducted on the initial reactions and intermediates
produced during the metabolism of naphthalene.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(19).
Entry #120236w.
C-l255-74
MICROBIAL ASSIMILATION OF HYDROCARBONS. I. THE FINE STRUCTURE
OF A HYDROCARBON OXIDIZING ACINETOBACTER SP.
Kennedy, R. S., W. R. Finnerty, S. Sudarsanan, and R. A. Young.
1975.
Archives of Microbiology 102(2):75-84.
This report examines the fine-structure detail of the hydro-
carbon-oxidizing microorganism Acinetobacter sp. in
relationship to the physiological and structural parameters
that exist during hydrocarbon metabolism. A cytoplasmic
modification was found to be present as a result of growth on
hydrocarbon substances. Results demonstrate the microorganism's
ability to accumulate these substances intracellularly, which
indicates transport across the cell membrane.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l256-74
MICROBIAL ASSIMILATION OF HYDROCARBONS. II. INTRACYTOPLASMIC
MEMBRANE INDUCTION IN ACINETOBACTER SP.
Kennedy, R. S., and W. R. Finnerty. 1975.
Archives of Microbiology 102(2):85-90.
The study demonstrates the induction of intracytoplasmic
membranes in the hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganism, Acinetobacter
sp. when grown on hexadecane, heptadecane and hexadec-1-ene.
Results suggest that the cytoplasmic pooling of hydrocarbons and
the induction of intracytoplasmic membranes are required for the
growth of the microorganism on hydrocarbons.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
173
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C-1257-74
OIL DEGRADATION BY PARAFFIN OXIDIZING MYCOBACTERIA [English
summary]
Krasil'nikov, N. A. and T. V. Koronelli. 1974.
Prikladnaya Biokhimiya i Mikrobiologiya 10(4):573-576.
The degradation of oil by mycobacteria which had been
isolated from oil containing natural substrates was studied.
The different strains varied in their activity, but many
removed oil films and were able to remove half or more of
the initial 1-1.7% oil in 24-48 hours. Others changed the
composition of the oil during growth.
Chemical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(6).
Entry #31154.
C-1258-74
EFFECT OF WATER ON THE THERMAL DEATH OF A HYDROCARBON BACTERIUM
IN A NONAQUEOUS FLUID
LaRock, P. A. 1975.
Applied Microbiology 29(1):112-114.
Survival at higher temperatures of a bacterium that grows in oil
was tested in menstruums of different water concentrations. The
surviving fraction decreased by a factor of three as the water
concentration doubled. This effect of enhanced killings only
occurred above 0.02% water.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(10).
Entry #201,899.
C-1259-74
ASSIMILATION OF NATURAL GAS HYDROCARBON CONSTITUENTS BY
MICROSIAL ONE-SPECIES CULTURES
Malashenko, Yu. R., V. A. Romanovskaya, V. N. Bogachenko, N. V.
Voloshin, and T. P. Kryshtab. 1975.
Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR Seriya Biologicheskaya 1:44-51.
Studies of the assimilation of hydrocarbon constituents of
natural gas by obligate methylotrophs are described. Growth
of the organisms was observed only when CH4 served as the C
source. Attempts to isolate a facultative ^-utilizing micro-
organism assimilating all hydrocarbons of natural gas were
unsuccessful; such assimilation was attained only through
mixed bacterial cultures.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(21).
Entry #135406a.
174
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C-1260-74
CRUDE OIL DEGRADATION BY FILAMENTOUS FUNGI
Perry, J. J., and C. E. Cerniglia. 1973.
Journal General and Applied Microbiology 19(2)-.151-153.
Three fungi isolated by enrichment culture grew easily on
paraffin^base crude oil and degraded the oil in seven days at 26'
It was found that the levels of nitrogen and phosphate in the
marine environment are not adequate for degrading large amounts
of hydrocarbon and supplementation of these elements would be
necessary.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(5).
Entry #25113.
C-1261-74
PERSISTENCE AND BIODEGRADATION OF SPILLED RESIDUAL FUEL OIL
ON AN ESTUARINE BEACH
Pierce, R. H., Jr., A. M. Cundell, and R. W. Traxler. 1975.
Applied Microbiology 29(5):646-652.
A study was conducted on the enrichment of hydrocarbon-degrading
bacteria and the persistence of petroleum hydrocarbons on an
estuarine beach in upper Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, after
an oil spill on April 11, 1973. An increase in bacteria
enrichment occurred 4 to 16 days after the spill and was main-
tained in the beach sand for at least a year. The hydrocarbon
levels in the area decreased during the enrichment period,
remained constant during the summer and then declined after 1 year.
Monitoring
Sampling
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l262-74
ACTIVATED SLUDGE STUDIES WITH PHENOL BACTERIA
Radhakrishnan, I. 1974.
Water Pollution Control Federation Journal 46(10):2392-2418.
The growth rate and yield coefficient of the phenol bacteria
Bacillus cereus in batch and continuous cultures are examined.
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(2).
Entry #75-01728.
175
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C-1263-74
A MEDIUM FOR DETECTING PHENOL-DEGRADING BACTERIA
Ralston, J. R., and G. R. Vela. 1974.
Journal of Applied Bacteriology 37(3):347-351.
The medium used to identify phenol-degrading bacteria uses phenol
as the only source of carbon and energy. Growth of the bacteria
and changes in pH values are used to assess phenol degradation
in this medium. The results agree with older methods which
analyzed for phenol in the spent culture fluid.
Analysis
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(6).
Entry #31153.
C-1264-74
GROWTH OF DEEP-SEA BACTERIA ON HYDROCARBONS AT AMBIENT AND
IN SITU PRESSURE
Schwarz, J. R., J. D. Walker, and R. R. Colwell. 1974.
Technical Report, Contract N00014-67-A-0239-0027, Grant
NSF GA-27725. 12 p.
Bacteria collected from sediment samples at a depth of 4,940 m
off the Florida coast utilized n-tetradecane at both ambient
and in situ pressures; however, at ambient temperatures, the
rate of hydrocarbon utilization under in situ pressure (500 atm)
was significantly less than utilization at ambient pressure
(1 atm). Individual isolates from the mixed culture did not
utilize n-tetradecane, indicating potential synergistic
relationships.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(6). Entry #AD/A-003 873/7GA.
C-1265-74
PETROLEUMLYTIC BACTERIA IN DIFFERENT WATERMASSES OF THE PACIFIC
OCEAN IN JANUARY, 1973
Seki, H., T. Nakai, and H. Otobe. 1974.
Mer (Tokyo) 12(1):16-19.
In January, 1973, in the Pacific Ocean, water masses with
different levels of pollution were sampled to determine the
population densities of petroleumlytic bacteria. The densities
varied from 10? - 103 per liter (Tokyo Bay) to less than 50 per
liter (Western North Pacific central water).
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(6).
Entry #34283.
176
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C-1266-74
OBTAINING HYBRIDS IN HAPLOID STRAINS OF PICHIA GUILLIERMONDII
WICKERHAM WHICH ASSIMILATE PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS [English
summary]
Shcholokova, I. P., V. P. Zharova, and Y. I. Kvasnikov. 1974.
Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal (Kiev) 36{3):275-278.
The study demonstrates the possibility of obtaining hybrids in
the haploid strains of the sporogenous yeast P_. quilliermondii
Wickerham isolated from natural sources and assimilating
petroleum hydrocarbons.
Citation Source: Biological Abstracts. 1975. 59(11).
Entry #60528.
C-l267-74
CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE OIL UTILIZATION BY SELECTED SOIL
BACTERIA
Thompson, R. C., and H. G. Hedrick. 1974.
Developments in Industrial Microbiology 15:263-272.
Results are given from analyses characterizing the utilization
of crude oil by three bacterial isolates, obtained from soil
used in farming or refinery wastes. The various analytical
methods are described and the isolates with the greatest
capacity of crude oil utilization are given.
Analysis
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(13).
Entry #82770f.
C-l268-74
MICROBIAL GROWTH ON HYDROCARBONS
Velankar, S. K., S. M. Barnett, C. W. Houston, and A. R.
Thompson. 1975.
Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17(2):241-251.
A model for hydrocarbon uptake by microorganisms and supporting
experimental results are presented. In order for microbial
cells to grow on hydrocarbon substrates, micelles of surface
active agents must be present.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(17).
Entry #110306e.
177
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C-1269-74
HYDROCARBON METABOLISM IN CLADOSPORIUM RESINAE
Walker, J. D., Jr. 1973.
Ph.D. Thesis, Dayton University. 125 p.
The ability of this bacterium to grow on a variety of hydro-
carbons was tested. The bacteria needed 12- and 16-carbon
compounds to grow. Aldehydes and alkanes with two methyl
branches did not support growth. Results indicate that
Cladosporium resinae may have a unique ecological niche.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(11).
Entry #202,017.
C-l270-74
PETROLEUM-DEGRADING ACHLOROPHYLLOUS ALGA PROTOTHECA ZOPFII
Walker, J. D., R. R. Colwell, Z. Vaituzis, and S. A. Meyer.
1975.
Nature 254(5499):423-424.
This organism was isolated from Colgate Creek in Chesapeake
Bay at a time of year when significant petroleum degradation
occurred. The alga can utilize both crude oil and a
17-component mixed hydrocarbon substrate.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1271-74
A STUDY OF THE BIODEGRADATION OF A SOUTH LOUISIANA CRUDE OIL
EMPLOYING COMPUTERIZED MASS SPECTROMETRY
Walker, J. D., R. R. Colwell, and L. Petrakis. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 601-605.
Two inocula were grown in south Louisiana crude oil. The
microorganisms in the inoculum from an oil contaminated area
were able to degrade all classes of hydrocarbons and contained
a wider variety of bacterial genera than the inoculum from an
oil-free area. The latter was able to grow on the crude oil
but was not able to degrade all hydrocarbon classes.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
178
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C-1272-74
TEMPERATURE AND NUTRIENT LIMITATION OF OIL BIODEGRADATION
IN LAKE MENDOTA, WISCONSIN
Ward, D., and T. D. Brock. 1974.
Abstract of Annual Meeting of the American Society of
Microbiology 74. p. 64.
In studies determining the rate at which microorganisms indigenous
to surface waters of Lake Mendota were able to degrade oil,
results indicated that the rate of oil degradation varied season-
ally due to limitation by low temperature in spring and fall, and
low nutrient availability during mid-summer. Maximal rates
existed for about one month in late spring.
Citation Source: Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental
Pollutants. 1975. 4(3). Entry #2966.
179
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2. PHYSICAL CHANGES
C-1273-74
VISCOUS-GRAVITY SPREADING OF AN OIL SLICK
Buckmaster, J. 1973.
Journal of Fluid Mechanics 59 Pt. 3:481-491.
The problem of a two-dimensional oil slick spreading under
the influence of gravitational and viscous forces is examined,
and an analytical and numerical expression for the size of a
slick as a function of time is derived. Results of comparisons
of theoretical results with experimental results for the time-
dependent slick size are given.
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #057142.
C-1274-74
CHANGES IN SURFACE TENSION DURING THE INITIAL AGING OF SOME
PETROLEUM CRUDES
Chen, E. C., and C. Guarnaschelli. 1973; 1974.
The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 51:134-136; 52:543.
The increase in surface tension of a petroleum crude varies
linearly with Aw/(l-Aw) where Aw is the loss in weight fraction
due to evaporation of the volatile components. This linear
relationship also applies to simulated evaporation of some
simple hydrocarbon mixtures.
Chemical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1275-74
MOVEMENT OF SPILLED OIL AS PREDICTED BY ESTUARINE NONTIDAL DRIFT
Conomos, T. J. 1975.
Limnology and Oceanography 20(2):159-173.
The movement of oil spilled in January, 1971, in San Francisco
Bay, is explained by the river-induced nontidal estuarine
circulation. Surface waters drift seaward as did the oil.
Future predictions must include such factors as the summer
decrease in the estuarine circulation and the seasonal reversal
in two-layer drift in the south bay.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
180
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C-1276-74
THE FATE OF SPILLED NAVY DISTILLATE FUEL
Hearst, P. J. 1974.
Report No. CEL-TN-1353. 31 p.
Observations on the laboratory weathering of thick films of four
Navy distillate fuels on saltwater showed little evaporation in
one week nor marked physical changes. Thin films (0.1 mm)
evaporated rapidly, leaving a 5% residue, whereas Navy Special
Fuel Oil left residues of 65%. The weathering characteristics
are related to the distillation range as shown by gas chromatog-
raphic comparisons.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(3). Entry #AD/A-002 256/6GA.
C-1277-74
BEHAVIOR OF OIL SPILLED UNDER FLOATING ICE
Kievil, B. E., and R. 0. Ramseier. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 497-501.
The basic behavior of crude oil under ice was simulated with
hot crude oil in a cold room. Accidental oil spill data confirm
that crude oil does separate into particles when released in
cold waters. Ice cover can act as a natural boom and can be
used as a cleanup platform.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1278-74
FORMATION OF WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS SUBSEQUENT TO AN OIL SPILL
Mackay, G. D. M., A. Y. McLean, 0. J. Betancourt, and B. D.
Johnson. 1973.
Journal of the Institute of Petroleum 59(568):164-172.
Results from experiments, examining stable water-in-oil emulsions
formed after hydrocarbon products spills at sea, indicate that
the responsible agent for the stability was an asphaltic-type
substance. The stabilizing effect is due to the mechanical
strength of the asphaltenic layer encapsulating each water
droplet.
Analysis
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol.10.
Entry #054837.
181
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C-1279-74
SEPARATION OF MULTICOMPONENT HYDROCARBON MIXTURES SPREADING
ON A WATER SURFACE
Philips, C. R., and V. M. Groseva. 1975.
Separation Science 10(2):in-118.
Differences in the spreading coefficients of individual
hydrocarbons cause the separation of certain hydrocarbons from
oil slicks. This phenomenon is independent of relative
volatilities and solubilities.
Analysis
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18).
Entry #115727.
C-l280-74
THE VERTICAL DIFFUSION OF WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS FROM AN OIL
SLICK
Powers, R. J., Jr. 1974.
Masters Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
A model has been formulated to analyze the process of vertical
diffusion of light compounds from an oil slick on calm water.
Results of analyses using the model indicate that for a 0.1 cm
slick, 99% of the benzene will have left the slick in six hours,
mainly to the atmosphere; much less naphthalene enters the water
column and remains in the slick much longer; and alkanes with
greater than nine carbons will persist in the slick for long
periods of time.
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #057471.
C-1281-74
OIL SPILL AT DECEPTION BAY, HUDSON STRAIT
Ramseier, R. 0., G. S. Gantcheff, and L. Colby. 1973.
Canada. Inland Waters Branch. Scientific Series No. 29. 61 p.
The behavior of the oil spilled in a 427,000 gallon spill over
permafrost and sea ice is reported and is found to be funda-
mentally different. The intertidal species most affected by the
spill were harmed more by the oil burning than from the oil itself.
The oil budget is reported.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(2).
Entry #75-02003.
182
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C-l282-74
PREDICTING THE FATE OF OIL IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Williams, 6. N., R. Hann, and W. P. James. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 567-572.
The oil spill modeling described in this paper was developed
to evaluate the impact of an offshore oil spill on the
environment and to help SEADOCK with their oil spill contingency
program. The models gave information on necessary response
times and on the direction and speed of the slick.
Research
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
183
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3. CHEMICAL CHANGES
C-1283-74
CHANGES IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A
HEAVY RESIDUAL OIL WEATHERING UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS
Betancourt, 0. J. 1973.
Journal of the Institute of Petroleum 59(569):223-230.
A study was conducted to examine the weathering process of
residual fuel oil which had contaminated coastline areas of
Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, as a result of the grounding of
the tanker "Arrow" in 1970. Using viscosity, density, and
sulphur, nickel, vanadium and asphaltene content as indicators
of weathering, the total loss of material from the residual
oil was calculated to be less than 20%; and after one year,
changes were negligible.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #054814.
C-l284-74
THE EFFECT OF WEATHERING ON A CRUDE OIL RESIDUE EXPOSED AT SEA
Davis, S. J., and C. F. Gibbs. 1975.
Water Research 9(13):275-285.
Two tanks of thick water-in-oil emulsions were exposed to
weathering at sea; one tank was subject to tidal flushing
below the water line, the other was closed. No net loss of oil
occurred, although chemical changes caused substantial changes
in the physical and chemical properties.
General fate of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1285-74
CRUDE OIL SPILLS: DISAPPEARANCE OF AROMATIC AND ALIPHATIC
COMPONENTS FROM SMALL SEA-SURFACE SLICKS
Harrison, W., J. A. Winnik, P. T. Y. Kwong, and D. Mackay. 1975.
Environmental Science and Technology 9(3):231-234.
A model of the evaporation-dissolution process was derived from
data on the weathering of five small ocean spills of crude oil.
184
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Different weathering exists in the same spill. Whitecapping
also affects the weathering process.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l286-74
PHOTODECOMPOSITION OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN
NATURAL WATER SYSTEMS
McGinnes, P. R. 1974.
Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana. Dissertation
Abstracts International B. 1975. 35(7). Entry #3359.
The existence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in
natural water systems was studied and a technique for analyzing
specific PAH was developed. Analysis indicated that PAH are not
soluble in water but are present as particulate material or
adsorbed material on solid surfaces in water. The photodecom-
position of two PAH was examined and results are given.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18).
Entry #115970.
185
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4. GENERAL CHANGES
C-1287-74
INVESTIGATION OF THE BEHAVIOR AND EFFECTS OF OIL UTILIZING
A MANNED UNDERWATER HABITAT
Allen, A. A., R. S. Schluster, and L. E. Fausak. 1974.
Offshore Technology Conference, 6th, Houston, 1974. Preprints,
Vol. 1. p. 425-434.
Sinking agent effectiveness, oil degradation, solubility and
migration through bottom sediments were investigated by exposing
mixtures of oils and sinking agents to the subsurface environment
(50 ft.). Five days of submarine exposure produced no visible
or measurable signs of aging. Once deposited on the ocean floor,
the oil/sinking agent mixtures did not move.
Research
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(2). Entry #5Q2056.
C-l288-74
SPILL TRAJECTORY IS FACTOR IN OFFSHORE EXPLORATION
Anonymous. 1974.
Petroleum Engineers International 46:130.
A discussion of the studies and surveys conducted to determine
possible spill movements and the environmental effects of oil
spills and seeps from Atlantic Coast offshore drilling sites
is given. Included are studies conducted for the Council on
Environmental Quality by Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ocean Engineers Department which deal with determining where oil
spills will go because of the combined action of wind, waves and
currents.
Research
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l289-74
PETROLEUM IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Wilson, E. B. (Chairman). 1975.
Workshop on Inputs, Fates and the Effects of Petroleum in the
Marine Environment, May 21-25, 1973. 107 p.
186
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The Workshop discussed both the physical and biological fate of
oils, the uptake of oils by fish and benthic organisms, the
damage or toxicity due to oil and cleanup techniques. More
research is necessary to answer the basic question, "At what
level of petroleum hydrocarbon input to the ocean might we find
irreversible damage occurring?"
Biological effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: National Research Council. News Report.
1975. XXV(1):8.
C-l290-74
USE OF COMPUTER SIMULATION TO AID SELECTION OF OIL SPILL
CONTROL EQUIPMENT
Cochran, R. A., and J. P. Fraser. 1975.
Offshore Technology Conference, 7th, Houston, 1975. Paper 2199.
A computerized oil spill simulation program is described which
allows the user to assess weather effects and performance of oil
spill equipment in recovering spilled oil.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Offshore. 1975. 35(5):126.
C-1291-74
CHEVRON MAIN PASS BLOCK 41 OIL SPILL: CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL
INVESTIGATIONS
McAuliffe, C. D., A. E. Smalley, R. D. Groover, W. M. Welsh,
W. S. Pickle, and G. E. Jones. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 555-566.
In 1970, 65,000 barrels of crude oil and 2,000 barrels of chemical
dispersants entered the sea near the Mississippi River Delta.
The fate of the oil (evaporated, recovered, dissolved, emulsified,
sank, biodegraded, photooxidized) was examined. Benthic samples
showed no effects from the oil, nor did shrimp trawls, blue crabs
or fish.
General effects of oil pollution
Biological effects of oil pollution
Sampling
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
187
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C-l292-74
DETERMINATION OF THE FATE OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
IN NATURAL WATER SYSTEMS
McGinnes, P. R., and V. L. Snoeyink. 1974.
Illinois University Water Resources Center, Research Report,
UILU-WRC-74-0080. 60 p.
An analytical technique for determining specific polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH.) and evaluating the presence of PAH
in natural water systems is described. The photodecomposition
of two PAH under UV light is discussed; decomposition occurs
under solar radiation and in turbid waters.
Analysis
Citation Source: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.
1975. 5(1). Entry #5Q825.
C-1293-74
CONTROL OF LARGE-SCALE OIL SLICKS BY CURRENTS AND WINDS
Murray, S. P. 1975.
Offshore Technology Conference, 7th, Houston, 1975. Paper 2389.
The effect of local winds versus near-surface currents in
determining oil slick movements in coastal and shelf waters was
studied during the Main Pass 41-C spill in the Mississippi Delta,
1970. Over a period of a month, it was found that the net
distribution of oil was a function of the near-surface current
direction rather than the wind direction.
Citation Source: Offshore. 1975. 35(5). Entry #132.
C-1294-74
DIRECTION OF DRIFT OF SURFACE OIL WITH WIND AND TIDE
Ridgway, N. M. 1972 (received 1973).
New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 6(1/2):178-184.
A method is described which predicts movements of surface water
by vectorial addition of wind-induced surface currents and tidal
currents; the utility of the method to predict surface oil movements
resulting from oil spillage is indicated.
Containment
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental
Pollutants. 1975. 4(4). Entry #3510.
188
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C-1295-74
OIL POLLUTION STUDIES ON LAKE MARACAIBO, VENEZUELA
Templeton, W. L., E. A. Sutton, R. M. Bean, R. C. Arnett,
J. W. Blaylock, R. E. Wildering, and H. J. Moore. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 489-496.
Low concentrations of oil in the lake water, no detectable
accumulation of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons in muscle
tissue and the occurrence of bituminous materials in the
sediment indicate that volatilization, biodegradation and
sedimentation are the major oil removal mechanisms in Lake
Maracaibo. The rapid loss of light hydrocarbons significantly
decreases the oil's toxicity.
General effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l296-74
OIL: ITS PROPERTIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Weller, E. C. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 115-120.
The types of oil and toxicology studies using these oil types
are briefly reviewed. The fate of oil in the environment,
including evaporation, autooxidation and biodegradation, is
discussed. Research studies on the ecological effects of oil
spills and cleanup measures are reviewed.
Biological effects of oil pollution
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
189
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G. OIL POLLUTION LEGISLATION
1. STATE LEGISLATION
C-1297-74
OFFSHORE TERMINAL AUTHORITY
Anonymous. 1974.
Louisiana Session Laws, Vol. 3, Act No. 358. p. 662-669.
The duties of the Offshore Terminal Authority are to plan,
develop, construct, license, regulate and operate offshore
terminal facilities. Throughout the development program,
an environmental protection plan will be in existence, which
will include monitoring and operational guidelines for
offshore terminal facilities.
Regulation, standards and planning
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(7). Entry #W75-03716.
C-l298-74
POLLUTANT SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT (AS AMENDED)
Anonymous. 1974.
Florida Session Laws, Volume 4, Ch. 74-336. p. 812-822.
The act provides regulations for the prevention and control of
the discharge of pollutants in Florida. Transfer of pollutants
between vessels and between onshore and offshore facilities
and vessels has been found to be hazardous. Provisions are
outlined which preserve public use of national waters and
promote general health, safety and welfare.
Oil handling
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(7). Entry #W75-03728.
C-1299-74
THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN DAMAGE ASSESSMENT - TENNESSEE, A
CASE STUDY
Stratton, B. L. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 19-20.
190
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The attorney for the Tennessee Fish and Game Commission has
used the principle of commonlaw that the state is the owner
of all wildlife to convince polluters to compensate for
wildlife killed by pollution. The southern branch of the
American Fisheries Society has an inventory of dollar values
for fish.
Economic effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
191
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2. NATIONAL LEGISLATION
C-1300-74
INTERNATIONAL COMPENSATION FUND FOR OIL POLLUTION DAMAGE
Anonymous. 1973.
U.S. Congress. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations.
Subcommittee on Oceans and International Environment. 93rd
Congress, 1st session, April 17-18, 1973. Washington, D.C.,
GPO. 208 p.
The texts of the Convention on the Establishment of an
International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage,
the 1971 amendments to the 1954 Oil Pollution Convention,
and Senate bill 5,841, the implementing legislation for the
fund convention and the 1969 Civil Liability Convention are
included, as are the statements by various witnesses in the
hearings.
International legislation
Citation Source: Pollution Abstracts. 1975. 6(2).
Entry #75-01691.
C-1301-74
LEGAL AND LEGISLATIVE
Anonymous. 1974.
National Conference on Control of Hazardous Material Spills,
San Francisco, 1974. p. 1-37.
Six papers are presented which review the legal and legislative
aspects of controlling hazardous material spills and alternatives
in the development of spill prevention regulations. Spill
prevention in bulk marine cargo is discussed and a listing of
hazardous materials in order of their potential danger to the
aquatic environment (according to certain criteria) are given.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Environment Abstracts. 1975. 5(4).
Entry #75-02823.
C-1302-74
NOT ON OUR SHORES
Anonymous. 1975.
Environmental Action 6(19):7.15.
The bill before the Senate on offshore drilling and some coastal
states' reactions are presented. The Senate Commerce Committee
192
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is investigating the delayed progress of the U.S. Coast Guard
in formulating standards for domestic oil tankers.
Regulations, standards and planning
Monitoring
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1303-74
OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING AT SANTA BARBARA, PART 1
Anonymous. 1973.
U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs.
Subcommittee on Mines and Mining, 93rd Congress, 1st Session,
November 17, 1973. Hearings. 162 p.
Three bills limiting oil production in the Santa Barbara Channel
were considered at the hearing. The bills would establish a
federal ecological preserve on a portion of the outer continental
shelf of Santa Barbara, provide a moratorium on drilling opera-
tions pending the development of technology to prevent pollution
by oil discharges, and to improve methods of oil production from
the submerged lands.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(9). Entry #W75-04784.
C-l304-74
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS AND COSTS OF COMPULSORY SEGREGATED BALLASTING
REDUCING OIL POLLUTION OF THE SEA
Cheng, H.-S. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impact of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 89-95.
A cost-benefit analysis of a U.S. tanker-design policy that
would require all new tankers to have segregated ballasting
indicates that incremental benefits are very small in comparison
with incremental costs. The principal features of present U.S.
policy, and incremental benefits and costs of that policy are
outlined.
Design and engineering
Economic effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
193
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C-1305-74
MARINE OIL POLLUTION CONTROL
Lehr, W. E. 1974-
Technology Review 75(4):13-22.
The report deals with the regulations developed by the U.S.
Coast Guard to reduce oil discharges, including requirements
to maintain deck spill containment systems and emergency
shut-down valves in oil transfer systems on ships. Reference
is also given to legislation enacted to regulate intentional
oil discharges and to the development of detection systems
for marine pollutants.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Selected Water-Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(6). Entry #W75-02950.
C-l306-74
MUST THE PEOPLE SUFFER - SHOULD LEGISLATION BE ENACTED TO
PROVIDE A MEANS TO COMPENSATE PERSONS DAMAGED BY THE DISCHARGE
OF OIL FROM VESSELS ON THE NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED
STATES?
Post, T. R. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 21-25.
In this article the current legal status of private citizens
seeking oil pollution damage compensation and the relevant
legal means for receiving compensation are described. A
federal fund is suggested as a solution for provision of
adequate compensation and for minimization of inadequacies
under current maritime standards of liability.
Economic effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l307-74
FEDERAL REGULATORY CONTROL OF OIL SPILL REMOVAL METHODS
Snyder, H. J., Jr. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 33-37.
The "Torrey Canyon" spill disaster triggered the development
of federal regulatory controls for oil removal methods. The
194
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evolution of annexes for chemical use control is described,
starting with the 1968 plan and finishing with the 1974 plan.
The chemical and biological agent data requirements and the
rationale for selecting these data are explained.
Cleanup and recovery
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l308-74
OIL POLLUTION OF INLAND WATERS IN ENGLAND AND WALES
Toms, R. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 23-28.
The new Control of Pollution Act, 1974, is reviewed with
particular attention to the actions authorities are allowed
to take if oil pollution occurs in a river. Actions can
include stopping oil discharges and cleanup and recovery.
A survey of significant oil spill incidents is included.
Cleanup and recovery
Reporting
Foreign legislation
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
195
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3. INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION
C-l309-74
TRANSLATIONS ON THE LAW OF THE SEA. XIV
Anonymous. 1974.
JPRS-63365. Joint Publications Research Service. 48 p.
One of the translations from the Law of the Sea Conference
concerns Chile's proposal for oil damage aid stations.
Restoration
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975.
75(2). Entry IJPRS-63365.
C-1310-74
IMPACT OF THE 1973 IMCO CONVENTION ON SUPERTANKER POLLUTION
PREVENTION
Benkert, W. M. 1974.
Super Ocean Carrier Conference, Proceedings, New York, New York,
January 16-18, 1974. p. 46-61.
The paper summarizes and evaluates the impact of the provisions
of the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine
Pollution, 1973, as they apply to the prevention of marine
pollution by supertankers.
Citation Source: The Engineering Index Monthly. 1975. 13(2).
Entry #013899.
C-1311-74
INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITY RESPONDING TO OIL POLLUTION DAMAGE FROM
VESSELS AT SEA
Busha, T. S. 1974.
Assessing the Social Impacts of Oil Spills, Rensselaerville,
New York, 1973. p. 101-104.
Inter-governmental activity in prevention, control and compensation
of vessel-source and other oil pollution is reviewed. The questions
addressed include: How far-reaching and responsive are these
activities? What influences guide their formulations and how
effective are they? Are the activities genuinely victim-oriented?
Standards, regulations and planning
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
196
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C-1312-74
POLLUTION CONTROL IN THE MARINE INDUSTRIES. REPORT ON THE
FOURTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
FOR POLLUTION CONTROL
Dick, R. I. 1975.
Water Research 9(5/6):601.
The Conference was held in Washington, D.C. on May 14, 1974,
and included papers which discussed the prospects for ratification
of the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships. This Conference would revise the oil
pollution provisions of the 1954 IMCO Convention and extend its
coverage to the discharge of noxious liquid substances, harmful
substances carried in package or container form, and sewage and
garbage. Technical sessions included reports on techniques for
controlling bilge water, spill prevention techniques and the
assessment of the environmental impact of oil spills. Work of
the Smithsonian Institution concerning a worldwide survey of
existing pollution monitoring programs is described.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-l313-74
OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION: LAW AND ENFORCEMENT
Jackson, R. D., Jr. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 3-10.
There is no effective international legal framework to deal with
offshore oil pollution; nationalization of the sea is creating
chaotic inconsistency. Voluntary industry action and joint
government/industry consultation, cooperation and action are the
only two present approaches dealing effectively and constructively
with offshore oil pollution. A review of international law,
national regimes and industry actions is given.
National legislation
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
C-1314-74
THE LAW OF MARITIME OIL SPILLS
Pendegrass, J. 1973. ,„„,,„
In: Sea Grant Publication, UNC-SG-73-01. p. 108-118.
197
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The problem of oil pollution and the need for an international
solution are described. Agreements made by the United Nations'
Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization concerning
the entity responsible for oil pollution damage at sea are
discussed.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975.
8(9). Entry #W75-04770.
C-1315-74
LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE 1973 MARINE POLLUTION CONVENTION: COMMENTS
AND REFLECTIONS
Wallace, S. A. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 11-14.
The 1973 Marine Pollution Convention is a legal instrument with
the potential to curb pollution of the oceans, but also with a
large number of legal and administrative, technical and
scientific problems. The author uses examples to demonstrate
the uncertainties, interpretive flexibility and hidden weaknesses
of the legal aspects of the 1973 convention.
Citation Source: Citation Journal.
198
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4. FOREIGN LEGISLATION
C-1316-74
CONSTRUCTION AND PROTECTION OF TANKS
Hurlimann, G. 1974.
Gesundheitstechnik 8(2):27-28.
A summary is given of the provisions of the Swiss decree which
protects the waters from pollution resulting from tank installations.
Regulations, standards and planning
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1974. 6(6). Entry #2154.
C-1317-74
LAW CONCERNING MEASURES TO ASSURE THE DISPOSAL OF WASTE OIL (WASTE
OIL LAW) DATED DECEMBER 23, 1968, AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION AS WELL
AS AN ASSESSMENT OF ITS SUCCESSFUL WORKING TO DATE
Kruse, F. 1974.
Wasserwirtschaft-Wassertechnik 64(7-8)-.206-210.
The implementation of the Waste Oil Law in the German Federal
Republic, which allows for the disposal of waste oils without
damage to the environment, is discussed. The economic requirements
of the regulation are reviewed.
Citation Source: Environmental Health and Pollution Control.
1975. 7(2). Entry #495.
C-1318-74
NATIONAL EFFORTS IN DEALING WITH OIL POLLUTION IN NORWEGIAN COASTAL
WATERS AND AT SEA (OFFSHORE) AND THE NORDIC AGREEMENT BETWEEN NORWAY,
DENMARK, FINLAND AND SWEDEN ON MEASURES AGAINST POLLUTION OF THE
SEA BY OIL
Reichborn-Kjennerund, E. 1974.
Offshore North Sea 1974 Safety and Environmental Protection
Conference, Stavanger, Norway, September 3-6, 1974. Paper
No. S-II/2b. 7 p.
The Oil Damage Protection Act, 1970, has been supplemented by
municipal regulations concerning the reporting of oil spills,
etc. The Act enables laws to be made to avoid, prevent and
limit oil pollution damage. The four-country agreement states
that if one country is fighting an oil spill threatening its
coast, it may call for help from the other three, particularly
those countries which may also be affected.
International legislation
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(12).
Entry #202,511.
199
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H. BIBLIOGRAPHIES
C-1319-74
OIL SPILLAGE: A BIBLIOGRAPHY, VOL. 1
Anonymous. 1973.
U.S. Department of Interior Bibliography Series No. WRSIC 73-207.
390 p.
The bibliography, with abstracts and indexes, was selected from
Selected Water Resources Abstracts. The data base had 52,230
abstracts from SWRA through February, 1973.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(2).
Entry #202,507.
C-l320-74
OCEAN LAW - A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS
Brown, R. J. 1974.
Report for 1964 - October 1974. 139 p. NTIS/PS-74/134.
The NTISearch system has retrieved 123 selected abstracts of
research reports covering national and international laws on
fishing, undersea mining, shipping, undersea mineral deposits,
and water pollution.
International legislation
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975. 75(2).
Entry #NTIS/PS-74/134.
C-1321-74
OFFSHORE DRILLING - A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS
Habercom, G. E., Jr. 1974.
Supercedes COM-73-11353, NTIS/PS-74/103. Ill p.
There are 96 research reports abstracted in this NTISearch. The
topics abstracted include drilling procedures, environmental aspects
and legal implications of offshore drilling.
General effects of oil prospecting and production
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975. 75(1).
Entry #NTIS/PS-74/103.
200
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C-l322-74
OFFSHORE STRUCTURES - A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS
Habercom, 6. E. 1974.
Report for 1964 - October, 1974. 82 p.
An NTISearch retrieved 66 abstracts of research reports related to
the feasibility, design, ocean environment and environmental impact
of offshore structures.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975. 75(2)
Entry #NTIS/PS-74/123.
C-1323-74
WATER POLLUTION ECONOMICS. A BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lehman, E. J. 1974.
Government Reports Announcements 74(26):150.
The bibliography contains 199 selected abstracts of research reports
covering all aspects of the economics of water pollution control and
management.
Economic effects of oil pollution
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(15).
Entry #203,535.
C-l324-74
OIL POLLUTION OF BIRDS: AN ABSTRACTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Vermeer, R., and K. Vermeer. 1974.
Pesticide Section, Canadian Wildlife Service, Department of
Environment, Ottawa, Ontario. Manuscript No. 29.
This bibliography is a comprehensive collection of 232 references,
200 of which are abstracted, with literature coverage up to the end
of 1973.
Citation Source: Marine Pollution Bulletin. 1975. 6(1).
201
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SECTION II. CURRENT STATUS OF SOME OF THE RESEARCH PROJECTS
LISTED IN PREVIOUS REPORTS
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. MONITORING
R-245-74
FATE, SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM DERIVED
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Principal Investigator: Anderson, J. W.
Performing Organization: Texas A & M University System Center
for Marine Resources, College Station,
Texas 77843
Supporting Agency: IDOE
Period: 3/73 to 2/75 Funds: $103,000
The laboratory phase of the study is completed and efforts
presently focus on field work.
Reports and Publications
LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ORGANISMS:
AN OVERVIEW
Anderson, J. W. (ed.). 1975.
API Publication No. 4249. 70 p.
The effects of oil-water dispersions (OWD) and water-soluble
fractions (WSF) on phytoplankton, crustaceans, and fish were
analyzed. Physiological responses were measured, as were
hydrocarbon accumulation and release.
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Anderson, J. W., R. C. Clark, and J. J. Stegeman. 1974.
In: Marine Bioassays Workshop. Proceedings. MTS, Washington,
D.C. p. 36-75.
The authors have described the state-of-the-art of research
investigating the uptake and depuration of petroleum hydro-
carbons in marine organisms usable for human consumption.
An outline is presented comparing biological and petroleum
sources of various hydrocarbons, extraction techniques, and
species lists of "natural" tissue hydrocarbon levels.
202
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AN EXPERIMENTAL OIL SPILL: THE DISTRIBUTION OF AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS IN THE WATER, SEDIMENT AND ANIMAL TISSUES
WITHIN A SHRIMP POND
Cox, B. A., J. W. Anderson, and J. C. Parker. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 607-612.
A high aromatic No. 2 fuel was experimentally spilled on a
shrimp pond. Mortalities of shrimp and other invertebrates
were observed over 96 hours. Peak mortality coincided with
a peak in the concentration of naphthalenes. After 10 days
in the laboratory, the shrimp released naphthalenes at near
background levels; oysters took 47 to 97 days to decrease
release of naphthalenes to near background levels.
ACCUMULATION, RELEASE AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENZO [A] PYRENE-C14
IN THE CLAM RANGIA CUNEATA
Neff, J. M., and J. W. Anderson. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 469-471.
After a 24-hour exposure to .0305 ppm benzo [a] pyrene-C ,
clam tissues were 200 times above the ambient level; most of
the radioactivity was detected in the viscera. Release began
as soon as the clams were placed in clean seawater. After
30 days, only .07 ppm radioactivity remained and release was
complete in 58 days.
ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE OF PETROLEUM-DERIVED AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS BY MARINE ANIMALS
Neff, J. M.
Preprint for Symposium on the "Chemistry, Occurrence and
Measurement of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons," presented
by the ACS Petroleum Division. 27 p.
The patterns of accumulation, body distribution, and release
of petroleum-derived aromatic hydrocarbons have been investigated
in marine molluscs, shrimp and fish.
RESULTS OF RESEARCH INTO THE EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL CONCENTRATIONS
OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF MARINE
AND ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
Petrocelli, S. R., J. W. Anderson, W. M. Sackett, B. J. Presley,
and C. S. Giam. 1974.
A summary of the progress report prepared for the IDOE Pollutant
Effects Meeting, Sidney, B.C., Canada, August 11-15, 1974.
203
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Acute effects (96 hour LC-50) and sublethal effects of
different substances, including metals, plasticizers, and
petroleum hydrocarbons, have been determined on several
species of fish, crustaceans and molluscs. Data are presented
in matrix form and the physiological effects of the different
substances are discussed.
Information Source: J. W. Anderson, Department of Biology,
Texas A & M University, College Station,
Texas 77843.
204
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2. ANALYSIS
R-248-74
STUDY TO CONDUCT A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF NONPOINT POLLUTION
Principal Investigators: McElroy, A. D., J. W. Nebgen, and
S. Y. Chiu
Performing Organization: Midwest Research Institute, 425 Volker
Blvd., Kansas City, Missouri 64110
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development
Period: 6/74 to 7/75 Funds: $250,000
Completion of this project is scheduled for August, 1975. No
reports have been issued for distribution as yet. Two papers
will be presented at the ASCE Meeting in Gainesville, July,
1975. No publications are planned. The titles of the two
papers are: "Review of Methodology for Estimating Nonpoint
Pollution Loads," and "Discussion of Use of Functions for
Estimating Nonpoint Pollution, in Water Quality Planning," by
A. D. McElroy, S. Y. Chiu, J. W. Nebgen, and A. Aleti.
Information Source: A. D. McElroy, Midwest Research Institute,
425 Volker Blvd., Kansas City, Missouri 64110.
R-264-74
IDENTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN PETROLEUM REFINERY WASTE WATERS
AFTER ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT
Principal Investigator: Keith, L. H.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 07 ABL 04
Contract 72P18094
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Work is being continued on this project under EPA grant No. 803019.
A final report from this first year's effort should be available
in the summer, 1975.
Reports
EXTRACTION AND SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR PETROLEUM REFINERY
WASTEWATERS
Keith, L. H. 1974.
In-house Summary Report, 27 September 1974 (unpublished).
Studies to develop the best extraction and separation techniques
for organics in petroleum refinery waste waters are described.
Information Source: L. H. Keith, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Southeast Environmental Research
Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30601.
205
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B. OIL POLLUTION CONTROL
1. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
R-254-74
DEMONSTRATION OF NEW OIL SPILL REMOVAL EQUIPMENT
Principal Investigator: Trentacoste, N. P.
Performing Organization: ORB Associates, Incorporated., 1701 N.
Fort Myer Dr., Arlington, Virginia 22209
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 68 03
Contract 72P21699
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Two projects have been recently completed under this study. The
final reports are forthcoming.'
Reports
DEVELOPMENT OF FAST CURRENT OIL RESPONSE SYSTEM, PHASE 1 -
CONCEPT FEASIBILITY STUDY
Trentacoste, N. P.
Abstract of Final Report to U.S. Coast Guard, No. DOT-C6-40216-A.
The feasibility of using a new vented hydrofoil/polyurethane
foam belt oil control/recovery system has been demonstrated.
It is considered to be a viable method of controlling and
cleaning up spilled oil.
SURFACE EFFECTS SKIMMER DEVELOPMENT
Trentacoste, N. P.
Abstract of Final Report to Environmental Protection Agency,
Program Element No. 1B12041, Contract No. 68-03-0327
This experimental program was designed to determine the
utility of the Surface Effects Skimmer (SES) in removing thin
film oil slicks spread over large areas by fast currents.
Tests conducted in a model tank yielded collection efficiencies
from 60-80%, depending on the oil viscosity, tow speeds and
wave heights.
Information Source: N. P. Trentacoste, Science Applications,
Incorporated, 1600 Anderson Rd., McLean,
Virginia 22101.
206
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R-254a-74
TEST AND EVALUATION PROGRAM OF A NOVEL HIGH VELOCITY OIL SLICK
SKIMMER
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Hydronautics, Incorporated, 7210 Pindell
School Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20810
Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $21,460
Two technical reports resulting from the program for the develop-
ment of a high velocity current oil recovery system have been
completed. A third report has been submitted to the U.S. Coast
Guard for review. A proposal for continuing the project is
currently being evaluated.
Reports
DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL HIGH VELOCITY OIL SLICK SKIMMER
Lindenmuth, W. T. 1974.
Final Report to granting agency, Grant No. DOT-CG-41 058A.
U.S. Coast Guard Catalog No. AD-785 880/5WP.
A surface velocity retarder oil skimmer (SVROS), composed of
an array of closely spaced flat plates, has in experimental
investigations recovered oil from oil slicks in currents up to
10 fps. Test results of a prototype scale model are presented
along with conclusions and recommendations.
FAST CURRENT OIL RESPONSE SYSTEM - STAGE I, SVROS DEVELOPMENT
Lindenmuth, W. T., T. R. Sundaram, and A. M. Sinnerwalla. 1975.
Final Report to granting agency, Grant No. DOT-CG-40218-A.
Tests were performed upon a scale model surface velocity
retarder oil skimmer (SVROS); test variables included velocity,
oil type, slick thickness and model geometry. Complete oil
recovery was accomplished in velocities up to 5 fps with light
fuel oil. Performance was found to degrade with increases in
velocity, viscosity, and incident wave height.
Information Source: W. T. Lindenmuth, Hydronautics, Incorporated,
7210 Pindell School Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20810.
207
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C. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
R-255-74
FIELD STUDIES OF EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Principal Investigator: Anderson, J. W.
Performing Organization: Texas A & M University System, Center
for Marine Resources, College Station,
Texas 77843
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute
Period: 3/74 to 12/75 Funds: $234,000
See R-245-74. Section A(l).
R-074-74 (Renewal)
FATE AND EFFECT OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE COASTAL GULF OF
MEXICO
Principal Investigator: Brown, L. R.
Performing Organization: Mississippi State University, School of
Arts, State College, Mississippi 39762
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The project has been renewed.
Information Source: L. R. Brown, College of Arts and Sciences,
Mississippi State University, Mississippi
State, Mississippi 39762.
R-259-74
SUBLETHAL BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS
Principal Investigator: Malins, D. C.
Performing Organization: Northwest Fisheries Center, 2725 Montlake
Blvd. East, Seattle, Washington 98112
Supporting Agency: Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, National Marine
Fisheries Service
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Reports and Publications
INTERAGENCY INVESTIGATIONS OF A PERSISTENT OIL SPILL ON THE
WASHINGTON COAST
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1973.
Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Spills,
Washington, D.C., 1973. p. 793-808.
208
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The report describes the preliminary findings of a 10-month
investigation conducted by an interagency team of scientists
and engineers on the long-term effects of oil spilled by the
grounding of a troopship (General M. C_. Meigs, 1972) on an
ocean coast, intertidal faunal and floral community. The
study revealed that n-paraffin hydrocarbons were taken up by
the plants and animals. Several plant species and the urchin,
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, were seriously affected.
PARAFFIN HYDROCARBON PATTERNS IN PETROLEUM POLLUTED MUSSELS
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1973.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 4(11):172-176.
The paper describes modern analytical techniques used to
detect hydrocarbons at extremely low concentrations in marine
organisms and to estimate the quantity of petroleum pollution
uptake in the organisms.
TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSIS OF PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS AND FOR INTER-
PRETATION OF DATA TO ASSESS OIL SPILL EFFECTS IN AQUATIC
ORGANISMS
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1973.
Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Spills,
Washington, D.C., 1973. p. 161-172.
The feasibility of using aquatic organisms which originally
contained biogenic paraffin hydrocarbons as indicators of
petroleum pollution is reported. The analytical technique
used to isolate and identify n-paraffin hydrocarbons from
plant, animal, and petroleum and sediment samples is described.
METHODS FOR ESTABLISHING LEVELS OF PETROLEUM CONTAMINATION IN
ORGANISMS AND SEDIMENT AS RELATED TO MARINE POLLUTION MONITORING
Clark, R. C., Jr. 1974.
Presented at Marine Pollution Monitoring Symposium and Workshop,
Gaithersburg, Maryland, May 13-17, 1974.
The accuracy of petroleum analyses of marine organisms is
discussed with special reference to background hydrocarbon
contamination in laboratory chemicals, solvents, and materials.
209
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ACUTE EFFECTS OF OUTBOARD MOTOR EFFLUENT ON TWO MARINE
SHELLFISH
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1974.
Environmental Science and Technology 8(12):1009-1014.
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) exposed to diluted two-cycle outboard
motor effluent in seawater displayed physiological stress,
degeneration of gill tissue, and uptake of paraffin hydro-
carbons from the effluent. Mussel response to the pollutant
was immediate and mortality was delayed significantly after
removal from the pollutant. Oysters (Ostrea ida) were less
affected by the pollutant.
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ISOLATING AND QUANTIFYING PETROLEUM
PARAFFIN HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ORGANISMS
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1974.
Presented at Marine Pollution Monitoring Symposium and Workshop,
Gaithersburg, Maryland, May 13-17, 1974.
The use of normal paraffin hydrocarbons as tracers or indicator
compounds for petroleum pollution is discussed.
TIDAL AQUARIUM FOR LABORATORY STUDIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Clark, R. C., Jr., and J. S. Finley. 1974.
The Progressive Fish-Culturist 36(3):134-137.
A laboratory test chamber for studying the effects of an oil
slick on intertidal organisms was constructed. The test
chamber simulated tidal conditions, was free from extraneous
hydrocarbon contamination, and could hold a number of small
intertidal organisms for short-term (36 to 96 hours) bioassay
studies.
PETROLEUM ABSORPTION AND RELEASE AND EFFECTS IN MARINE ORGANISMS
Stansby, M. £. 1974.
Presented at Marine Pollution Monitoring Symposium and Workshop,
Gaithersburg, Maryland, May 13-17, 1974.
Studies have been conducted exploring the manner in which
petroleum hydrocarbons are picked up, retained, and released by
marine organisms, especially at the cellular level. Using
carbon 14 radioisotopic and spin labeling techniques, it has
been determined that aromatic hydrocarbons seek the hydrophobic,
lipid-rich cell membrane interior.
Information Source: D. C. Malins, Northwest Fisheries Center,
2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, Washington
98112.
210
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2. GENERAL EFFECTS
R-266-74
ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGE DUE TO OIL SPILLS
Principal Investigator: Enk, G. A.
Performing Organization: Institute on Man and Science,
Rensselaerville, New York 12147
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 802619
Contract 72P21520
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The Institute's program has been completed.
Reports and Publications
ASSESSING THE SOCIAL IMPACTS OF OIL SPILLS
Enk, G. A. (Project Director). 1974.
Proceedings of an Invitational Symposium Co-sponsored by The
Institute on Man and Science and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Rensselaerville, New York, September 25-28,
1973. 129 p.
This report presents the results of an invitational symposium
held to encourage the development of techniques and methodologies
in assessing the social impacts of oil spills. The goal of the
symposium was to initiate discussions between environmentalists,
corporate executives, government representatives, and scientists
concerning oil pollution effects.
Information Source: G. A. Enk, Director of Economic and Environmental
Studies, The Institute on Man and Science,
Rensselaerville, New York 12147.
211
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D. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION
R-099-74 (Renewal)
THE IMPACT OF MICROORGANISMS ON OIL
Principal Investigator: Meyers, S. P.
Performing Organization: Louisiana State University, School of
Agriculture, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 800993
Contract 72P14726
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Reports and Publications (no summaries available)
MICROBIOLOGY OF THE CORDGRASS, SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA
Alexander, S. K., and S. P. Meyers.
Paper to be presented at forthcoming American Society for
Microbiology Meetings, New York City.
IMPACT OF THE USE OF MICROORGANISMS ON THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
Bourquin, A. W., D. G. Ahearn, and S. P. Meyers (eds.). 1975.
EPA Report, 660-3-75-001.
MICROBIAL INDICATORS OF OIL-RICH SEDIMENTS
Hood, M. A., W. S. Bishop, Jr., F. W. Bishop, S. P. Meyers,
and T. Whelan, III.
Paper to be presented at forthcoming American Society for
Microbiology Meetings, New York City.
MICROBIAL/CHITINOLYTIC PROCESSES IN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF PENAEIDS
Meyers, S. P., and M. A. Hood. 1975.
Paper to be presented at the Workshop on the Pathology and
Toxicity of Penaeid Shrimp, Galveston, Texas, April 8-10, 1975.
Information Source: S. P. Meyers, Louisiana State University
Station, P.O. Box 19090-A, Baton Rouge,
Louisiana 70803.
212
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R-260-74
NAVY ENVIRONMENT: BIOLOGY OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigators: Vedros, N. A., and A. B. Cobet
Performing Organization: University of California, School of
Public Health, Berkeley, California 94720
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy DN023238,
Contract N00014-69-A-0200-1001
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $100,000
Research on the fate and effects of petroleum hydrocarbons in San
Francisco Bay is being conducted.
Reports and Publications
HYDROCARBONS OF SUSPECTED POLLUTANT ORIGIN IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS
OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY: METHODS AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS
DiSalvo, L. H., H. E. Guard, L. Hunter, and A. B. Cobet. 1973.
Louisiana State University Sea Grant Publication, LSU-SG-73-01.
p. 206-220.
Chromatographic methods have been used to analyze the hydro-
carbon content of selected Bay animals in an effort to
investigate the fate and effects of petroleum components in
marine waters. Bay animals were shown to have a substantially
higher hydrocarbon content than closely related clean-water
organisms collected from other relatively unpolluted California
waters.
HYDROCARBONS ASSOCIATED WITH SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER IN
SAN FRANCISCO BAY WATERS
DiSalvo, L. H., H. E. Guard, and B. Vince. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975. p. 169-173.
Suspended sediments were collected using a double-settling tube
called the "biosampler;" mussels in one of the tubes actively
entrapped the particles. Thin-layer chromatography was utilized
to analyze total alkane and total aromatic hydrocarbon content
in the sediments. Using the minimum values, it was calculated
that 13.5 metric tons of pollutant hydrocarbons were associated
with the suspended particulates in the Bay.
TISSUE HYDROCARBON BURDEN OF MUSSELS AS POTENTIAL MONITOR OF
ENVIRONMENTAL HYDROCARBON INSULT
DiSalvo, L. H., H. E. Guard, and L. Hunter. 1975.
Environmental Science and Technology 9(3):247-251.
213
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Data are presented on the hydrocarbon content of mussels
collected from stations in San Francisco Bay and in clean
water, hydrocarbon uptake by unpolluted mussels, hydrocarbon
loss when polluted mussels are transferred to clean water,
and the result of placing these transports back in their
home waters.
QUANTITATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYDROCARBONS BY THIN-LAYER
CHROMATOGRAPHY-GRAVIMETRY-DENSITOMETRY COMPARISON
Hunter, L. 1975.
Environmental Science and Technology 9(3):241.
Low levels of hydrocarbons can be analyzed by both gravi-
metric and densitometric thin-layer chromatography. Alkanes
and aromatics are easily separated. The gravimetric procedure
produces more quantitatively precise results. These methods
are being used in chronically polluted San Francisco Bay and
may be used for marine sediments as well.
Information Source: L. H. DiSalvo, Naval Biomedical Research
Laboratory, Naval Supply Center, Oakland,
California 94625.
214
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E. LEGAL ASPECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
R-268-74
POLLUTION CONTROL - LEGAL INCENTIVE
Principal Investigators: Irwin, W. A., and F. H. Abel
Performing Organization: Environmental Law Institute, 1346 Connecticut
Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, No. 68-01-2203
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Publications and Reports
ECONOMIC DISINCENTIVES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL: LEGAL, POLITICAL
AND ADMINISTRATIVE DIMENSIONS
Irwin, W. A., and R. A. Liroff. 1974.
EPA Report, EPA-600/5-74-026, Contract No. 68-01-2203
"The constitutionality of federal or state imposition of
disincentives is examined and the authority of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency and the states to utilize disincentives
under selected Federal environmental statutes is analyzed."
USED OIL LAW IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE
Irwin, W. A., and R. A. Liroff. 1974.
EPA Report, EPA-600/5-74-025, Contract No. 68-01-2203.
Existing information on the collection and disposal of used
automotive and industrial oils and the potential health risks of
improperly disposed oils are reviewed. State and federal oil
disposal laws and reprocessed oil laws are analyzed. A compre-
hensive plan to regulate used oil collection and disposal is
discussed.
Information Source: W. A. Irwin, The Environmental Law Institute,
Dupont Circle Bldg., 6th Floor, 1346 Connecticut
Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
215
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SECTION III. CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. MONITORING
R-167-74 (Renewal)
PASSIVE TAGGING OF OILS BY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency: U.S.
Gruenfeld, M.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
5555 Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213
Environmental Protection Agency, Office
Period:
of Research and Development, No. 21 AOE 06
Contract 72P17898
10/73 to 9/74 Funds: Unknown
The project will determine whether fluorescence spectrophotometry
is a usable means for measuring oil parameters in the presence of
weathering. A rapid method will be developed to test oils if the
initial effort proves successful.
SSIE No.: ZMA-662-1.
R-l68-74 (Renewal)
PASSIVE TAGGING OF WATER DISPERSED OILS
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization:
Supporting Agency: U.S.
Gruenfeld, M.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
5555 Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213
Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 21 AOE 07
Contract 72P17899
Period: 7/73 to 6/74
Funds: Unknown
The contract provides for the use of spectroscopic and chromato-
graphic techniques for passive tagging of trace levels of water
dispersed oils.
SSIE No.: ZMA-665-1.
R-028-74 (Renewal)
CHARACTERIZATION OF INFRARED SPECTRA OF HEAVY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
VIA STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Principal Investigator: Kawahara, F. K.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
5555 Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213
216
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Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 16 AJA 04
Contract 72P18089
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
Methods are being developed to characterize petroleum products
using infrared absorbance measurements and mathematical procedures.
Using these techniques, the source of spills may be identified.
SSIE No.: AO-18089-1.
R-269-74
SURVEY OF INSTRUMENTATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Principal Investigator: Mack, D. A.
Performing Organization: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley,
California 94720
Supporting Agency: U.S. Energy Research and Development Admin-
istration, Biomedical and Environmental
Research Division, No. W-7405-ENG-48
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
"Instrumentation for Environmental Monitoring," Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory Report LBL-1, has been compiled based upon results of
an in-depth survey of instrumentation for environmental monitoring.
The environmental problems and methods and instrumentation to deal
with oil and grease are topics covered in Volume 2, entitled
"Water Monitoring."
SSIE No.: ZPE-10974.
R-270-74
SOURCE, TRANSPORT, AND FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE
EFFLUENT
Principal Investigator: Quinn, J. G.
Performing Organization: University of Rhode Island, School of
Oceanography, Administration Building,
Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant
Office, No. 04-5-158-6
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $19,739
The source and amount of petroleum hydrocarbons entering the
Providence River from Field's Point sewage treatment plant will
be determined and the association between petroleum hydrocarbons
and humic-like substances in sewage effluent, suspended matter,
and Providence River and upper Narragansett Bay sediments will
be investigated.
SSIE No.: GBP-1577.
217
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R-271-74
SHIPBOARD WASTEWATER OIL DETECTOR
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Baird-Atomic, Inc., Government Systems
Division, 125 Middlesex Turnpike,
Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 7/73 to 10/74 Funds: Unknown
The project's objective is to study oil-water mixing systems and
oil fluorescence characteristics, and to design, assemble and
test a monitoring system for shipboard wastewater oil detection.
Design and engineering
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime
Research Information Service Abstracts. 1974.
Vol. 10. Entry #038989-
R-272-74
SHIPBOARD WASTE-WATER OIL DETECTOR
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Enviro Control, Inc., 960 Thompson Ave.,
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 7/73 to 7/74 (est.) Funds: Unknown
The following tasks are to be accomplished by this contract:
(I) System design, (II) Electrical design, (III) Modify sensor,
(IV) Order hardware and parts, (V) Determine test program,
(VI) Assemble test system, (VII) Refinement of design, (VIII) Test
system, (IX) Final assembly of breadboard, (X) Prepare operating
manual and reports.
Design and engineering
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime
Research Information Service Abstracts. 1974.
Vol. 10. Entry #045014.
218
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2. REMOTE SENSING
R-273-74
WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION SENSING
Principal Investigator: Graves, G. B.
Performing Organization: U.S. National Aeronautic and Space
Administration, Langley Research Center,
Hampton, Virginia 23365
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Aeronautic and Space Administra-
tion, Aeronautics and Space Technical Office,
Langley Research Center
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Remotely observable characteristics of water pollution and water
quality indicators will be determined in order to develop remote
sensing techniques for water pollution identification, quanti-
fication and mapping. Instrumentation to be used for collecting
pollution data will be a multichannel ocean color sensor used in
conjunction with a Hadamard transform spectrometer.
SSIE No.: ZH-41580.
R-274-74
PROTOTYPE SENSOR SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Jakobson, K.
Performing Organization: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast
Guard, 1300 E. St., N.W., Washington,
D.C. 20591
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. IAG 074
Contract 72P21162
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
An ultraviolet-fluorescence-technique prototype sensor to be used
to de-tect, measure, identify and classify water surface oil
pollutants under all light and weather conditions is to be
developed and evaluated.
SSIE No.: AO-21162.
R-275-74
HIGH RESOLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORS
Principal Investigator: Kim, H. H.
Performing Organization: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Wallops Station,
Chincoteague, Virginia 23337
219
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Supporting Agency: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration, Space Science Office, Wallops
Station, No. 506-18-15 7570288
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The use of lasers for measurements of ocean depth fertility and
oil spills will be investigated.
SSIE No.: ZH-41414.
R-276-74
REMOTE SENSING OF FLOATING ICE - OIL POLLUTION IN ICE-INFESTED
WATERS
Principal Investigators: Ramseier, R., M. Vant, R. Gray, and
W. Chudobiak
Performing Organization: Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada
Supporting Agency: Canadian Government, Department of
Environment
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
"Interpretation of passive and active microwave signatures of
floating ice (sea and freshwater ice). Interaction of crude oil
with ice. Movement, aging, and cleanup."
SSIE No.: AW-826.
R-277-74
OCEAN-DYNAMICS—SEA STATE
Principal Investigator: Strong, A.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Environmental Satellite Service,
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Environmental Satellite Service
Period: 7/73 to 8/74 Funds: Unknown
Satellite data will be used to determine sea-surface roughness
and low-level wind speeds. Oil slicks can be detected from ERTS
data using this system when solar elevation exceeds 50 degrees.
SSIE No.: ZBP-848.
220
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R-278-74
OCEAN DYNAMICS - WATER COLOR
Principal Investigator: Strong, A.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Environmental Satellite Service,
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National
Environmental Satellite Service
Period: 7/73 to 8/74 Funds: Unknown
ERTS and VHRR-VIS data will be analyzed for water color signatures
resulting from pollutants (including oil spills), biological
material, riverine effluents and geochemical suspensions.
SSIE No.: ZBP-847.
R-279-74
AIRBORNE OIL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: U.S. Navy Research Laboratory,
Washington, D.C. 20390
Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The use of microwave radiometric sensors for determining oil
slick thickness and/or slick volume will be analyzed and evaluated.
SSIE No.: GZ-48954-1.
R-280-74
DEVELOPMENT OF A LIDAR POLARIMETER SENSOR FOR REMOTE DETECTION
AND MONITORING OF OIL AND OTHER HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Texas A & M Research Foundation, Box H,
College Station, Texas 77843
Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 6/73 to 12/74 (est.) Funds: Unknown
The contract provides for the design, construction, operational
testing and evaluation of a Lidar Polarimeter Sensor.
Design and engineering
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime
Research Information Service Abstracts. 1974.
Vol. 10. Entry #045017.
221
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3. ANALYSIS
R-281-74
RESEARCH ON CHROMATOGRAPHY
Principal Investigator: Becker, D. A.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
20234
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau
of Standards, No. 310-5191
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Multiple support, $274,000
Techniques of chromatographic separation and analysis will be
developed to quantitatively determine trace levels of petroleum
hydrocarbons, especially aromatic hydrocarbons, and analytical
values for existing levels of crude oil pollution in the
environment will be established.
SSIE No.: ZBA-6367.
R-282-74
IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING OIL SPILLS
Principal Investigator: Brown, C. W.
Performing Organization: University of Rhode Island, School of
Arts, Administration Building, Kingston,
Rhode Island 02881
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant
Office
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $13,598
Infrared identification techniques for identifying and monitoring
petroleum products on surface waters will be developed and tested.
Identification techniques will include changes in petroleum due
to weathering.
Monitoring
SSIE No.: GBP-1573.
R-283-74
PETROLEUM CONTAMINATION-QUANTIFICATION AND PASSIVE TAGGING IN
ORGANISMS AND SEDIMENTS
Principal Investigator: Farrington, J. W.
Specialty: Chemistry
Performing Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
222
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Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 802724
Contract 72P21544
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Relatively simple, reliable analytical methods will be developed
for routine use to quantify petroleum contamination at the 1 ppm
level (wet weight) of marine organisms and aquatic sediments, and
to correlate it with sources of contamination--"passive tagging."
An evaluation of selectivity and sensitivity of column chomatog-
raphy, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and U.V.
fluorescence analysis will be conducted.
SSIE No.: AO-21544.
R-l67-74 (Renewal)
EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM SEDIMENT FOR QUANTITATION SPECTROSCOPIC
ANALYSIS
Principal Investigator: Gruenfeld, M.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
5555 Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 21 AOE 03
Contract 72P17897
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
A technique is sought which can rapidly extract small amounts of
oils from sediments. Extracted oils are to be analyzed using
infrared, ultraviolet or fluorescence spectrophotometry.
Sampling
SSIE No.: ZMA-663-2.
R-185-74- (Renewal)
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF OIL BY INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Principal Investigator: Gruenfeld, M.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Edison Water Quality Research Laboratory,
5555 Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 21 AOE 02
Contract 72P17896
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
Application of infrared spectrophotometry for the quantitative
analysis of oil will be assessed.
SSIE No.: ZMA-664-2.
223
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R-284-74
ESTABLISH AND IMPROVE NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS CAPABILITY
Principal Investigator: Hoover, T. B.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 16 ADN 42
Contract 72P18274
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Application of neutron activation analysis to environmental
samples for such tasks as oil identification will be assessed.
SSIE No.: AO-18274-1.
R-027-74 (Renewal)
ANALYSES OF ASPHALTS BY ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Principal Investigator: Kawahara, F. K.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
5555 Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 16 AJA 03
Contract 72P18088
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
Minor components of asphalts are being analyzed using a gas
chromatographic method. The use of gas chromatography will be
analyzed with electron capture detector methods.
SSIE No.: AO-18088-1.
R-028-74 (Renewal)
EXAMINATION OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL TYPES AND
SOURCES OF OILS AND PRODUCTS BY VARIOUS TYPES OF INSTRUMENTATION
Principal Investigator: Kawahara, F. K.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
5555 Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
All types of oils and oil products will be examined by various
instrumental methods to determine chemical and physical properties
which are useful in identification techniques and methods.
SSIE No.: AO-18091-1.
224
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R-285-74
IDENTIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS IN PETROLEUM REFINERY WASTEWATERS
AFTER ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT
Principal Investigator: Keith, L. H.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
Con/all is, Oregon 97330
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 07 ABL 04
Contract 72P18094
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Qualitative and quantitative analyses will be made for specific
organic pollutants in petroleum refinery waste water before,
during and after all phases of biological treatment (activated
sludge). Identified compounds will be listed in computer
libraries and this information will be used in programs of
surveillance analysis, treatment effectiveness evaluation, and
in setting effluent criteria.
Waste water treatment
SSIE No.: AO-18094-1.
R-286-74
OIL TAGGING SYSTEM STUDY
Principal Investigator: Meloy, T. P.
Performing Organization: Meloy Laboratories Incorporated, 6715
Electronic Dr., Springfield, Virginia
22151
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 58-01-0500
Contract 72P19308
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Summary provided to SSIE appears to be in disagreement with
subject of title.
SSIE No.: A-19308.
R-287-74
DEVELOPMENT AND METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR PESTICIDES, METALS, ETC.,
AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF OIL POLLUTANTS
Principal Investigator: Mitchell, N. T.
Performing Organization: Ministry of Agriculture, Lowestoft,
England, United Kingdom
225
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Supporting Agency: United Kingdom Government
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
No summary provided by SSIE.
SSIE No.: WDQ-761.
R-187-74 (Renewal)
DEVELOP METHOD FOR OIL FINGERPRINTING BY NEUTRON ACTIVATION
ANALYSIS
Principal Investigator: Moore, R. V.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Southeast Environmental Research
Laboratory, College Station Rd.,
Athens, Georgia 30601
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 24AAP-05
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: $17,500
A method for identifying the source of spilled oils is being
developed by comparing characteristic ratios of elements as
determined by neutron activation analysis.
SSIE No.: ZMA-677.
R-288-74
HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE WATERS - PORT VALDEZ, ALASKA
Principal Investigator: Shaw, D. G.
Performing Organization: University of Alaska, Institute of
Marine Sciences, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
Supporting Agency: Petroleum Industry Research Foundation
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
"Baseline data and development of techniques."
SSIE No.: AW-668.
R-l90-74 (Renewal)
METHODS FOR SSMS FINGERPRINTING OF OILS
Principal Investigator: Taylor, C. E.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
226
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The feasibility of using spark source mass spectrometry to
provide stable fingerprinting of oils (unaffected by weathering)
is being investigated.
SSIE No.: ZMA-709-1.
R-289-74
ANALYSIS OF WATER FOR POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH)
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Water Research Association, Medmenham,
London, United Kingdom
Supporting Agency: United Kingdom Government
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
No summary provided by SSIE.
SSIE No.: WDQ-1205.
R-290-74
DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Water Research Association, Medmenham,
London, United Kingdom
Supporting Agency: United Kingdom Government
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
No summary provided by SSIE.
SSIE No.: WDQ-1182.
227
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B. OIL POLLUTION CONTROL
1. CONTAINMENT
R-291-74
FLOATING BREAKWATERS
Principal Investigator: Kowalski, T.
Performing Organization: University of Rhode Island, School of
Engineering, Administration Building,
Kingston, Rhode Island 02881
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant
Office, No. 04-5-158-6
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $33,410
Floating breakwater research will be conducted for the protection
of oil booms which contain oil spills and for the prevention of
beach erosion.
Research
SSIE No.: GBP-1579.
R-292-74
DETERMINE PHYSICAL PARAMETERS WHICH EFFECT OIL SPILL CONTAINMENT
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
5555 Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 21 AOH 03
Contract 72P17903
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
No summary provided by SSIE.
SSIE No.: AO-17903.
R-293-74
HYDRODYNAMIC STUDY OF POROUS BARRIERS AND THE DISC-DRUM OIL
RECOVERY MECHANISM
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Texas A & M University System, Graduate
School, College Station, Texas 77843
228
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Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
"A computer simulation of the governing equations for the one-
dimensional theory will be performed. Both single and multiple
barrier configurations will be studied. The effect of oil thickness,
water and oil velocity, and oil type will be considered with the
purpose of determining values of k, the pressure drop coefficient,
which will be required. Concurrent with the computer analysis, a
closed loop pressure drop rig will be designed and fabricated."
SSIE No.: GZ-55593.
R-294-74
SEQUENTIAL AIRDROP PROGRAM
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: U.S. Air Force Flight Test Center,
Edwards Air Force Base, Edwards,
California 93523
Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The sequential airdrop capability of the U.S. Coast Guard oil
containment barrier aerial delivery system will be developed and
demonstrated.
SSIE No.: GZ-55594.
R-295-74
DEVELOPMENT OF A STREAMLINED OIL RETENTION BOOM
Principal Investigators: Wooten, D. C., B. A. Folsom, and G. Carver
Performing Organization: Ultrasystems, Incorporated, 500 Newport
Center Dr., Suite 800, Newport Beach,
California 92660
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 68-03-0403
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
An oil retention boom capable of operating in high currents (up to
8 knots) will be designed.
SSIE No.: GMA-1858.
229
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2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
R-066-74 (Renewal)
DEMONSTRATION OF OILY WASTE DISPOSAL BY SOIL CULTIVATION PROCESS
Principal Investigator: Baldwin, B.
Performing Organization: Shell Oil Co., Deer Park, Texas
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 12050 EZ6
Contract 72P21245
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
In a series of experiments oily sludges (crude tank bottoms,
Bunker C, intermediate wax oils) will be spread and cultivated
into the ground. The condition of the oil and microbiological
activity will then be monitored.
SSIE No.: 40-21245-1.
R-296-74
DESIGN A MOBILE WASHING SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Dean, R. C.
Performing Organization: Ecological Research Corporation,
P.O. Box 71, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 58-01-0830
Contract 72P19390
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
A pilot scale system for cleaning oil-contaminated beach sand
will be designed and tested. Oil-water-sand separation will be
accomplished with a jet washer and cyclone. Future efforts will
be directed toward developing a 100 ton/hour sand cleaner.
SSIE No.: AO-19390.
R-297-74
REMOVAL OF OIL WASTES FROM VARIOUS WATER SURFACES
Principal Investigator: Mason, J. L.
Performing Organization: Garrett Corporation, 9851 S. Sepulveda
Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90009
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 58-01-0524
Contract 72P19321
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
230
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The effectiveness of a high capacity, high efficiency centrifuge
for separating oil-water mixtures will be demonstrated under
simulated sea conditions.
SSIE No.: AO-19321.
R-l02-74 (Renewal)
MICROBIOLOGICAL SEEDING TO ACCELERATE DEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS
Principal Investigator: Oppenheimer, C.
Performing Organization: University of Texas, Marine Science
Institute, Port Aransas, Texas
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 15080EHF
Contract 72P21565
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
The project involves the development of techniques to accelerate
the natural degradation process of oil in marine waters.
Biological degradation
SSIE No.: GMA-1643-1.
R-298-74
OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM USING SORBENT MATERIALS
Principal Investigator: Sartor, J. D.
Performing Organization: URS Systems Corporation, 155 Bovet Rd.,
San Mateo, California 94402
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 68-01-0069
Contract 72P20863
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
An oil removal system using sorbent materials and capable of
being field assembled for installation on a variety of vessels
will be designed.
SSIE No.: AO-20863.
R-299-74
FAST CURRENT OIL RESPONSE SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Seaward, Incorporated, 6269 Leesburg
Pike, Falls Church, Virginia 22044
Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
231
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A fast current oil response system that will operate in 4-10 knot
currents over a variety of oil spill conditions will be developed.
SSIE No.: GZ-55588.
R-300-74
HIGH SEAS, EPA POOL AND SPILL OF OPPORTUNITY TESTING OF PROTOTYPE
OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Ocean Systems, Inc., 11440 Isaac Newton
Industrial Square North, Reston,
Virginia 22070
Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 6/73 to 12/73 (est.) Funds: Unknown
The study's objective is to evaluate the oil recovery system's
strength, stability, operational function, handling, compatibility
with the high seas barrier, and efficiency in recovering oil under
various sea conditions.
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #045131.
R-301-74
OIL ENTRAPMENT LOSSES
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy,
New York 12181
Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 8/73 to 9/74 Funds: Unknown
The study's objective is to determine the "feasibility of using
chemical additives to minimize loss of entrained oil droplets
under a barrier retaining an oil slick at water current velocities
of up to 10 knots."
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10
Entry #045873.
R-302-74
PROGRAM TO EVALUATE A MEMBRANE OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Naval Ship Systems Command, Department
of the Navy, Washington, D.C. 20360
232
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Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 4/74 to 1/75 Funds: Unknown
An evaluation program is being jointly conducted by the Coast Guard
and U.S. Navy to determine the effectiveness of using impermeable
membrane barriers in cargo/fuel oil tanks of ships to eliminate
contamination of seawater ballast. Plans are to conduct the eventual
evaluation of a Navy fleet oiler.
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #048820.
R-303-74
TEST AND EVALUATION PROGRAM OF A NOVEL HIGH VELOCITY OIL SLICK
SKIMMER
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Hydronautics, Inc., 7210 Pindell School
Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20810
Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 1/74 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
The contract provides for the testing and evaluation of a novel
high velocity oil slick skimmer, in accordance with the Hydronautics,
Inc. proposal of 30 July 1973.
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #048617.
R-304-74
RESEARCH ON TREATMENT OF OIL WASTES
Principal Investigator: Walkup, P. C.
Performing Organization: Battelle Memorial Institute, P.O. Box 999,
Richland, Washington 99352
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 58-01-0513
Contract 72P19316
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
"Delineate an optimum system which utilizes a vortex generator and
a high capacity air lift system with an adjustable suction nozzle
for pickup of spilled oil from the water surface. Performance of
the system will be evaluated by prototype tests under simulated
at-sea conditions."
SSIE No.: AO-19316.
233
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C. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
R-305-74
CLINICAL STUDY OF TOXICITY TO BIOTA OF OIL IN WATER
Principal Investigator: Anderson, J. W.
Performing Organization: Texas A & M University, Center for
Marine Resources, College Station,
Texas 77843
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $210,000
Oysters, clams, marine worms, shrimp and fish will be exposed to
oil containing radioactive tagged compounds. Areas of study
will include the effects of oil on physiological parameters,
contamination mechanisms and sites of contamination, and retention
and passage of pollutants through the food chain.
SSIE No.: PAP-94.
R-306-74
FIELD STUDIES OF EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Principal Investigator: Anderson, J. W.
Performing Organization: Texas A & M University, Center for
Marine Resources, College Station,
Texas 77843
Supporting Agency: American Petroleum Institute
Period: 3/74 to 12/75 Funds: $234,000
Samples of sediment and organisms will be collected at various
distances from a Galveston Bay contamination source in order to
study changes in organism populations and the effects of con-
tamination on growth and reproduction of various species of marine
organisms. Laboratory analyses of water, sediment and animal
tissue for detailed hydrocarbon characteristics will be conducted.
SSIE No.: PAP-93.
R-307-74
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Principal Investigator: Ayyad, M. A.
Specialty: Botany
Performing Organization: Alexandria University, Alexandria Arab
Republic of Egypt '
234
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Supporting Agency: Ford Foundation
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $230,000
"This grant will help Middle Eastern scientists and policy makers
establish sound environmental problems." Among the problems to be
studied will be the effects of oil pollution on fish populations.
SSIE No.: QY-2594.
R-308-74
RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL TRANSFER AND UPSTREAM
REFINERIES ON DELAWARE BAY
Principal Investigator: Biggs, R. B.
Performing Organization: University of Del aware, School of Marine
Science, Newark, Delaware 18711
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of
Environmental Systems and Resources
Period: 3/74 to 5/75 Funds: $300,800
The impact of refinery residuals and oil transfer operations on
Delaware Bay are to be studied. Included will be efforts to
develop operational management criteria to follow the study, to
generate biological baseline data, and to provide a user-oriented
predictive model for oil slick movement in Delaware Bay.
SSIE No.: GSQ-898.
R-215-74 (Renewal)
FAUNAL RELATIONSHIPS TO HYDROCARBONS
Principal Investigator: Farragut, R. N.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Miami
Fisheries Laboratory, 75 Virginia Beach Dr.,
Miami, Florida 33149
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine
Fisheries Service, No. SEC-008-76-IE-A
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: $97,300
Hydrocarbon components of marine fauna and their relationship to
environmental parameters are being determined.
SSIE No.: ZBP-680.
R-309-74
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CLAM RESOURCES IN PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
Principal Investigators: Feder, H. M., R. Neve, F. Orth, and
D. Shaw
235
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Performing Organization: University of Alaska, Institute of
Marine Sciences, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant
Office
Period: 6/74 to 5/75 Funds: $48,000
Among the factors to be studied in an assessment of the clam
resources of Prince William Sound will be studies of petroleum
residues in clams. These studies will assist in the assessment
of damage to the resource in the event of a major petroleum spill.
Economic effects of oil pollution
SSIE No.: GBP-1775.
R-089-74 (Renewal)
ASSESSMENT OF INTERTIDAL ANIMALS AND PLANTS FOLLOWING CONTAMINATION
BY OIL
Principal Investigator: Hand, C.
Performing Organization: University of California, Bodega Marine
Laboratory, Bodega Bay, California
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 15080 HFS
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
Repopulation studies are being conducted on several intertidal
sites in which the marine biota suffered loss through death and
retardation as a result of the San Francisco Bay Standard Oil
incident.
SSIE No.: GMA-1645-1.
R-217-74 (Renewal)
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM OILS, OIL DISPERSANTS, PETROCHEMICAL WASTES,
AND ASSOCIATED POLLUTANTS ON MARINE LIFE
Principal Investigator: Hegre, C. S.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 16 AAV 12
Contract 72P17877
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
Variability of toxic levels to aquatic organisms and water qualities
which influence response are being investigated. Interim safe
level standards are to be provided based upon field studies.
Analysis
SSIE No.: ZMA-644-1.
236
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R-310-74
A STUDY TO COVER THE EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL SPILLS ON NORTHERN
TERRAIN, AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION AND ON SOIL FAUNA
Principal Investigators: Hellebust, J., and T. Hutchinson
Specialty: Botany
Performing Organization: University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
Supporting Agency: Canadian Government, Department of Indian and
Northern Affairs, No. 135YC7111-4-0030
Period: 6/74 to 5/75 Funds: $59,334
No summary provided by SSIE.
SSIE No.: AY-130.
R-311-74
EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL SPILLS ON NORTHERN TERRAIN ON AQUATIC AND
TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION AND SOIL FAUNA
Principal Investigator: Hutchinson, T. C.
Specialty: Botany
Performing Organization: University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
Supporting Agency: Canadian Government, Department of Indian and
Northern Affairs, No. IAND 0020
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $85,306
No summary provided by SSIE.
SSIE No.: AY-436.
R-312-74
DIVERSITY OF STREAM COMMUNITIES UNDER CONDITIONS OF POLLUTIONAL
STRESS
Principal Investigator: Kaesler, R. L.
Specialty: Geology
Performing Organization: University of Kansas, School of Liberal
Arts, 249 Snow Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66044
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of
Water Research and Technology
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Usefulness of diversity indexes based upon information theory will
be tested as they apply to stream organisms exposed to different
kinds of pollutional stress. Means to reduce limnological survey
costs by applying methods of partitioning diversity among various
taxonomic levels will be investigated.
SSIE No.: GUY-100.
237
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R-313-74
EFFECTS OF ALTERATIONS IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, LOWER COLUMBIA
RIVER AND ESTUARY
Principal Investigator: Malins, D. C.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Environ-
mental Conservation Division, 2725
Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle,
Washington 98112
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National
Marine Fisheries Service, No. FB 1600/8 818 A4
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Multiple support $176,000
One of the sub-objectives in a study to determine the effects of
natural and man-induced environmental effects on the lower
Columbia River and estuary is t'o study the effects of Prudhoe Bay
crude oil on finfish and shellfish, and aquatic organisms'
responses to water-soluble fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons.
SSIE No.: ZBP-966.
R-314-74
SUBLETHAL BIOCHEMICAL EFFECT OF CONTAMINANTS
Principal Investigator: Malins, D. C.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce,
Environmental Conservation Division,
2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle,
Washington 98112
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National
Marine Fisheries Service, No. FB 1600/8 818 A2
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $286,700
Routes of penetration of contaminants and the effects of contam-
inants on marine organisms are to be investigated. Areas of
study will include the determination of aromatic hydrocarbon
storage sites, aromatic hydrocarbon solubility capabilities within
organisms, biochemical transport mechanisms of toxic metals, and
the assessment of impact of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy
metals on fish epidermal and gill mucus.
SSIE No.: ZBP-916.
R-315-74
CHRONIC AND ACUTE EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL ON SELECTED MARINE
ORGANISMS IN THE ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS
Principal Investigator: Mueller, E. W.
238
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Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 21 ARZ 04
Contract 72P21837
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
A literature survey will be conducted to determine the state-of-
the art on the fate and effects and treatment of oil in the
marine environment. In addition, the ability to analyze oil
pollutants in the marine environment, research on the effects of
oil and oil cleanup techniques on marine organisms, and bioassay
studies of the effects of these pollutants on marine organisms
are objectives of this project.
SSIE No.: AO-21837.
R-225-74 (Renewal)
MARINE TUNICATE RESPONSE TO LOW LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS OF OILS
Principal Investigator: Nadeau, R. J.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
5555 Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 21 APU 02
Contract 72P17906
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
A continuous-flow system was developed to screen macroinvertebrate
marine animals for possible indicator species that could be used
to determine the impact of an oil spill on marine populations.
Sublethal responses of the tunicate Molgula manhattensis to low
concentrations of oil were observed.
SSIE No.: ZMA-650-1.
R-101-74 (Renewal)
MARINE PETROLEUM POLLUTION - BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND CHEMICAL
CHARACTERIZATION
Principal Investigators: Nicol, J. A., and C. VanBaalen
Performing Organization: University of Texas, Marine Science
Institute, Port Aransas, Texas
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of
National and International Progress,
No. GX-37345
Period: 2/73 to 1/74 Funds: $142,150
239
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Lab and field studies will investigate the impact of the
aromatic fraction of petroleum on bacteria, microalgae, and
marine invertebrates.
SSIE No.: GSN-1146.
R-316-74
A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF OIL SPILLAGE ON MICROORGANISMS IN
THE TUNDRA REGION
Principal Investigator: Parkinson, D.
Performing Organization: University of Calgary, Calgary,
Alberta, Canada
Supporting Agency: Canadian Government, Department of Indian
and Northern Affairs, No. 135YC7111-4-00038
Period: 5/74 to 4/75 Funds: $9,056
No summary provided by SSIE.
SSIE No-: AY-129.
R-113-74 (Renewal)
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS OF SANTA BARBARA CRUDE OIL IN THE UPPER
INTERTIDAL ZONE
Principal Investigator: Straughan, D-
Performing Organization: University of Southern California, Allan
Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles, California
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Water Programs, No. 15080 HGX
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: $14,590
The temperature effects of oil on larvae and their survival in the
intertidal zone are being studied. Resulting information will
assist in assessing the biological damage caused by oil spills.
SSIE No.: GMA-192-1.
R-317-74
NORTHEAST GULF OF ALASKA INTERTIDAL BIOLOGICAL BASELINE
Principal Investigator: Zimmerman, S. T.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Auke Bay
Fisheries Laboratory, P.O. Box 155,
Auke Bay, Alaska 99821
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Land Management, No. 871214
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $125,000
240
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Transect lines and visual orientation methods will be used to
enumerate the populations of intertidal algae and invertebrates
in areas likely to be affected by oil pollution between Yakutak
and .Seward. Life histories and oil-related susceptability
information on the principal organisms will be obtained from the
scientific literature.
SSIE No.: GUK-59.
241
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2. PHYSICAL EFFECTS
R-l26-74 (Renewal)
A STUDY TO COVER THE PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF CRUDE OIL SPILLS ON
NORTHERN SITES
Principal Investigator: Mackay, D.
Performing Organization: University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
Supporting Agency: Canadian Government, Department of Indian
and Northern Affairs, No. IAND 0027
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $60,715
A study to predict the physical effects of crude oil spills on
Mackenzie Valley terrain is being conducted.
SSIE No.: AR-826-2.
242
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3. CHEMICAL EFFECTS
R-077-74 (Renewal)
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE BREAKDOWN AND SUBLETHAL BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
OF TRACE PETROLEUM CONSTITUENTS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigator: Calder, J. A.
Specialty: Oceanography
Performing Organization: Florida State University, School of
Arts, Tallahassee, Florida
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation, Division
of National and International Progress,
No. GX-37351
Period: 2/73 to 1/74 Funds: $42,100
An investigation into the impact and fate of petroleum at the
bacterial and molecular level in the ocean is being conducted.
SSIE No.: GSN-1151.
R-318-74
CONTAMINANT EFFECTS ON LIFE PROCESSES
Principal Investigator: Malins, D. C.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce,
Environmental Conservation Division,
2725 Montiake Blvd. East, Seattle,
Washington 98112
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National
Marine Fisheries Service, No. FB 1600/8 818 A3
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $155,900
Among the studies related to pen-rearing salmon in salt water is
an examination of the effects of petroleum and primary treated
chlorinated effluents on chemosensory systems and behavior of
salmon, crabs and shrimp.
Biological effects of oil pollution
SSIE No.: SBP-944.
243
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4. GENERAL EFFECTS
R-319-74
EFFECT OF OIL AND TREATMENT OF OILY WASTES (CBI SCHEME)
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Water Pollution Research Laboratory,
Stevenage, England, United Kingdom
Supporting Agency: United Kingdom Government
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
No summary provided by SSIE.
Waste water treatment
SSIE No.: WDQ-1147.
244
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D. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION
1. DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
R-320-74
LINE VORTEX MODEL OF DROPLET FORMATION AND ENTRAPMENT AT AN
OIL/WATER INTERFACE
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Mount Auburn Research Associates, Inc.,
385 Elliot St., Newton, Massachusetts 02164
Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 1/74 to 9/74 Funds: Unknown
The work to be accomplished is as follows: Task I, Program line
vortex model equations; Task II, Assess validity of model
assumptions; Task III, Define oil droplet formation in model;
Task IV, Determine the number of vortices required; Task V,
Comparison of computed and experimental results; Task VI, Calculate
oil loss rates and compare with laboratory or field data; Task VII,
Final Report.
Cleanup and recovery
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #045975.
R-321-74
NON-STRUCTURAL BULKHEADS TO CONTROL TANKER OIL SPILLS
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Webb Institute of Naval Architects,
Crescent Beach Rd., Glenn Cove, New
York 11542
Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 9/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
The contract provides for the study of the use of non-structural
bulkheads to control tanker oil spills and for a report of the
findings.
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #045872.
245
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2. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
R-322-74
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYMBIOSIS IN HIGH-RATE
OXIDATION PONDS WITH VARYING RETENTION
Principal Investigators: Ganapati, S. V., and H. J. Eby
Performing Organization: University of Baroda, Baroda, Gujarat,
India
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural
Research Center, No. 0021968 A7-AE-11
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Various wastes (including oil refinery wastes) containing phenolic
compounds will be innoculated with selective types of algae.
Minimal-time purification rates of the waste water will be
determined and the harvested algae will be analyzed for nutrient
level and may be fed to rats.
SSIE No.: GY-21968-3.
R-323-74
DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY FOR PETROCHEMICAL
WASTES
Principal Investigator: Klein, E.
Performing Organization: Louisiana State University Systems,
School of Arts, University Station,
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 800773
Contract 72P00717
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Biological oxidation, solvent extraction, absorption, and
ozonization will be the processes investigated in a study to
develop and demonstrate waste treatment processes for the reduction
of refractory petrochemical waste.
SSIE No.: AO-717.
R-324-74
HYDROCYCLONIC OIL & SEA WATER SEPARATION SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Rod, R.
Performing Organization: American Process Equipment Corporation,
Hawthorne, California 90250
246
-------
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 58-01-0825
Contract 72P19386
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
An oil-water separator which employs a cyclone concept to
separate un-emulsified oil-water mixtures will be designed,
constructed and tested.
SSIE No.: AO-19386.
R-325-74
PARTICULATE REMOVAL IN OIL/WATER SEPARATION PROCESSES
Principal Investigators: Schmitt, R. F., and W. K. Upton
Performing Organization: U.S. Navy, Ship Research and Development
Center, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
Supporting Agency: Department of Defense, U.S. Navy, No. DN578168
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
"To develop new techniques for removal of solid fines and colloidal
floes to replace cartridge or in-depth prefillers in bilge oil/
water separators. Develop the technology to reduce the presence
and/or effect of solids in bilge fluids."
SSIE No.: ZQN-578168.
R-326-74
EVALUATE APPLICABILITY OF AVAILABLE CARBON ADSORPTION TECHNOLOGY
TO OILY WATER SEPARATION REQUIREMENTS OF THIS ROAP
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
5555 Ridge Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 21 AOF 04
Contract 72P17900
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
No summary provided by SSIE.
SSIE No.: AO-17900.
R-327-74
NAVY ENVIRONMENT: SHIPBOARD SEWAGE AND WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Updegraff, D. M.
Performing Organization: Denver University, Denver Research
Institute, Denver, Colorado 80210
247
-------
Supporting Agency: Office of Naval Research, Department of the
Navy
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: Unknown
Research plans are to examine a process for the microbial
decomposition and disposal of wastes, including oily wastes,
on U.S. Navy ships. This effort is in accordance with the
guidelines set forth by Executive Order 11507 'Prevention,
Control and Abatement of Air and Water Pollution at Federal
Facilities' (1970).
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #051244.
248
-------
3. PERSONNEL TRAINING AND EDUCATION
R-328-74
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ADVISORY SERVICE
Principal Investigators: Hughes, J. M., and C. E. Woods
Specialty: Civil Engineering
Performing Organization: Texas A & M University System, School
of Engineering, P.O. Box FE 44, College
Station, Texas 77843
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant
Office, No. 04-3-158-18
Period: 6/74 to 5/75 Funds: $15,297
Engineers and scientists with interdisciplinary technological
expertise in marine and estuarine environmental quality fields
will be called upon to provide technical advice to those groups
which have environmental quality problems in the Texas coastal
zone.
SSIE No-: GBP-1675.
249
-------
4. RESEARCH
R-329-74
CHARACTERISTICS OF PETROCHEMICAL WASTE POLLUTION PROBLEMS
Principal Investigator: Gloyna, E. F.
Performing Organization: Engineering Science, Incorporated,
150 E. Foothill Blvd., Arcadia,
California 91006
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 58-01-0461
Contract 72P19279
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The project will include a history and projection of the petro-
chemical industry, a study of pollutants associated with waste
treatment problems, and an evaluation of treatment and disposal
practices. Economic aspects of present and future waste treatment
will be studied as well as an assessment of research needs.
Waste water treatment
SSIE No.: AO-19279.
R-330-74
SHIP OPERATIONS SUPPORT
Principal Investigator: Parker, P. L.
Performing Organization: University of Texas, Marine Science
Institute, Port Aransas, Texas 78373
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of
National and International Progress
Period: 1/75 to 12/75 Funds: $50,000
Partial support will be provided for the operation of the "R/V
Longhorn" to conduct coastal water research.
SSIE No.: 6SN-1787.
R-162-74 (Renewal)
STATE-OF-THE-ART EVALUATION ON PETROLEUM AND COAL WASTES
Principal Investigator: Streebin, L.
Performing Organization: University of Oklahoma, Research
Institute, Norman, Oklahoma
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 12050 DKF
250
-------
Period: 7/72 to 6/73 Funds: $14,297
Pollution problems, abatement procedures and control techniques
of the petroleum and coal industries were studied. Results of
field studies of three refineries are included.
SSIE No.: 6MA-1584.
R-331-74
GENERAL WORKING AGREEMENT
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Transportation Systems Center, Department
of Transportation, 55 Broadway, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02142
Supporting Agency: Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard
Period: 7/73 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The purpose of the project is to provide support to the Coast
Guard's research and development programs by assisting in generating
new concepts and solving problems in areas such as navigation
control, communications, and pollution. Examples of the duties
of the Transportation Systems Center are oil spill detection and
classification, and quantitative measurement technique development.
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #045389.
R-332-74
A PROGRAM IN MARINE AFFAIRS
Principal Investigator: Wenk, E.
Performing Organization: University of Washington, School of
Public Affairs, C301 Health Sciences
Bldg., Seattle, Washington 98105
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant
Office, No. 04-3-158-42
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $36,000
Seminars and graduate studies in various fields of marine affairs
will be supported. "The oil spill hazards to Puget Sound" was a
marine policy research project sponsored by this program.
SSIE No.: GBP-1784.
251
-------
5. REGULATIONS, STANDARDS AND PLANNING
R-333-74
COASTAL WETLANDS MANAGEMENT
Principal Investigator: Mclntire, W. G.
Performing Organization: Louisiana State University System,
School of Arts, University Station,
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
Supporting Agency: Ford Foundation
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $50,000
A study of coastal wetlands management will be conducted
comparing control policies and programs of the Rhone River in
France, the Rhine in the Netherlands, the Mississippi in the
U.S., and the Thames in England.
SSIE No.: QY-2559.
R-334-74
SUPPORT PROGRAM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CAPABILITIES
Principal Investigator: Mitchell, G. E.
Performing Organization: National Maritime Research Center,
Galveston, Todd Shipyards, P.O. Box 1600,
Galveston, Texas 77550
Supporting Agency: Maritime Administration, Department of Commerce
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
The Pollution Section is reviewing the requirements and the federal
role of government agencies in preparing and reviewing Environ-
mental Impact Statements so as to determine if an EIS is required
for the Mar Ad Oil/Water Separation Test Installation and other
Mar Ad Projects.
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974- Vol. 10.
Entry #072500.
R-335-74
PETROLEUM SYSTEMS RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
Principal Investigator: Ritchie, J. E.
Performing Organization: Computer Sciences Corporation,
6565 Arlington Blvd., Falls Church,
Virginia 22046
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 68-01-012
Contract 72P20869
252
-------
Period: 7/73 to 6/74 Funds: Unknown
Present petroleum operation procedures, equipment, control devices
and other system and sub-system components will be evaluated for
reliability. Strong federal and state level oil prevention
programs and new oil construction reliability tests will be
developed based upon the resultant evaluation.
SSIE No.: AO-20869.
R-336-74
OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANS, ALYESKA PIPELINE SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Sartor, J.
Performing Organization: Woodward Envicon, Incorporated,
699 Battery St., San Francisco,
California 94111
Supporting Agency: Alyeska Pipeline Service Company, Incorporated
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
"Develop oil spill contingency plans for Alyeska Pipeline System."
SSIE No.: AW-669.
253
-------
E. EFFECTS OF OIL PROSPECTING AND PRODUCTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
R-337-74
EFFECTS OF ALASKA PIPELINE AT PORT VALDEZ, ECOSYSTEMS
Principal Investigator: Myren, R, T.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Auke
Bay Fisheries Laboratory, P.O. Box 155,
Auke Bay, Alaska 99821
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, National
Marine Fisheries Service, No. R81856
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: $71,800
Seasonal samples will be taken of common intertidal organisms
in order to investigate numbers, growth, survival rates and
population dynamics of key indicator organisms. This baseline
information will be used to evaluate the polluting effects of
petroleum operations.
SSIE No.: ZBP-949.
254
-------
F. FATE OF 0T HE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION
R-338-74
HYDROCARBON MICROBIOLOGY
Principal Investigator: Bourguin, A. W.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 25 AJN 04
Contract 72P21853
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Oil breakdown by microbial communities,either by itself or with
malathion, mi rex and heptachlor,will be investigated. The
resultant data is expected to be useful in determining the effects
of combinations of pollutants on an estuarine environment and
estuarine microflora. Pesticide degradation will be studied as it
occurs in artificial and natural oil slicks.
Biological effects of oil pollution
SSIE No.: AO-21853.
R-339-74
BIOLOGY OF MARINE AND ESTUARINE MICROORGANISMS
Principal Investigators: Colwell, R. R., and J. D. Walker
Performing Organization: Maryland University, Department of
Microbiology, College Park, Maryland 20742
Supporting Agency: Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy
Period: 8/72 - unknown time Funds: Unknown
The project is the study of the biology of marine bacteria and
the feasibility of isolating and characterizing deep sea forms
capable of utilizing biologically refractive material. Cultures
obtained from the continental slope and trenches have been
identified and are being examined for their ability to degrade
hydrocarbons under environmental conditions prevailing in the
natural habitat.
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #044218.
255
-------
2. PHYSICAL CHANGES OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
R-340-74
INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECTS OF ENTRAPMENT AND Ei, .CATION
OF CRUDE OIL IN ARCTIC SEA ICE
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Norcor Engineering and Research Limited,
Don Mills, Ontario, Canada
Supporting Agency: Canadian Government Department of Environment,
No. 5V02KF832-3-7062
Period: 6/74 to 5/75 Funds: $472,000
No summary provided by SSIE.
SSIE No.: WDB-12.
256
-------
3. GENERAL FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
R-341-74
THE FATE OF OIL SPILLS ON ALASKAN TERRESTRIAL AND FRESHWATER
ENVIRONMENTS
Principal Investigator: Jackson, R.
Performing Organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center,
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Research and Development, No. 21 ASA 03
Contract 72P21838
Period: 7/74 to 6/75 Funds: Unknown
Experimental oil spills will be used to evaluate the fate of oil
on Alaskan terrain by investigating its movement and changes over
permafrost and in terrain underlain by permafrost, and the behavior
of oil in freshwater and under extreme cold.
SSIE No.: AO-21838.
R-342-74
SPILLS OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ON WATERWAYS
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Lowell Technological Institute, Lowell,
Massachusetts 01854
Supporting Agency: Office of Systems Development and Technology,
Department of Transportation
Period: 3/73 to 5/74 (est.) Funds: Unknown
Major objectives include: the study of the spreading of immiscible
nonvolatile hazardous chemicals (other than oil) on water in the
presence of waves as a function of spill release rate and wave
characteristics; the establishment of a relationship between the
behavior of oil and immiscible hazardous chemicals in the presence
of waves.
Physical changes of oil in the environment
Information Source: National Academy of Sciences Maritime Research
Information Service Abstracts. 1974. Vol. 10.
Entry #036997.
257
-------
SECTION IV. PATENTS
A. UNITED STATES PATENTS
P-189-74
ROTARY SKIMMER
Aulisa, G. D.
U.S. Patent 3,844,950
A skimming blade, maintained in an adjustable position by a float,
rotates through the liquid. A collection trough on the blades
accumulates the skimmed material. The float is anchored to the
bottom of the body of water being skimmed.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(7).
Entry #200,888.
3.844,950
ROTARY SKIMMER
Gerard D. Aulisa, Claymont, Del., assignor to Sun Oil Com-
pany of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
Filed Feb. 20, 1973, Ser. No. 333,831
Int. Cl. F.02b 15104
U.S.CI.210-170 3 Claims
258
-------
P-l90-74
OIL BOOM
Ayers, R. R.
U.S. Patent 3,859,797
Outriggers equipped with floats support a vertical skirt of corrugated
material. This corrugated material is unrolled, attached to the floats
which are connected by the outrigger, and the entire apparatus is
deployed in the water around the oil spill.
Citation Source:
Petroleum Abstracts.
Entry #204,794.
1975. 15(19).
3,859,797
OIL BOOM
Ray R. Ayers, Houston, Tex., assignor to Shell Oil Company,
Houston, Tex,
Conlinuation of Ser. No. 95,649, Dec. 7, 1970, abandoned.
This application Sept. 26, 1972, Ser. No. 292,388
Int. Ci. E02b 15104
U.S. Cl. 61 — IF 2 Claims
259
-------
P-191-74
OIL SPILL CLEANUP
Ayers, R. R., and D. P. Hemphill
U.S. Patent 3,865,730
This skimmer has-baffled entry ports inclined to the direction of
current, flow or mounted on a drum. The oil enters through the
baffles into a chamber underneath an inverted funnel or within
the axle of the drum. The skimmer is returned to a horizontal
position to remove the oil through the funnel.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 19(19).
Entry #204,797.
3,865,730
OIL SPILL CLEANl'P
Ray R. Ayers, and Dean P. Hemphill, both of Houston, Tex.,
assignors to Shell Oil Company, Houston, Tex.
Division of Ser. No. 289,043, Sept. 14, 1972,. This application
Dec. 17, 1973, Ser. No. 425,579
Int. Cl. F,02b IS 104
U.S. Cl. 210-242 3 Claims
260
-------
P-192-74
PROTECTED OFFSHORE STORAGE FACILITY
Bliss, W. E., Jr.
U.S. Patent 3,844,122
A protected area in a body of water is described in which tanks
for storing crude oil are moored. The floating tanks are equipped
with fixed roofs, a design feature which aids in the prevention
of evaporation of the light ends of the stored oil.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975. 8(7).
Entry #W75-03744.
3,844,122
PROTECTED OFFSHORE STORAGE FACILITY
Woodrow E. Bliss, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa., assignor (o Pittsburgh-
Des Moines Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Filed Apr. 26, 1973, Ser. No. 354,639
Int. Cl. E02b 3/00, 3/04
U.S. Cl. 61-1 10 Claims
261
-------
P-193-74
COMPOSITION FOR RECOVERING OIL FROM WATER
Bunn, C. 0.
U.S. Patent 3,846,335
A matrix composed of finely divided coal,bonded in spaced relation
by polyethylene,has a high oil sorption capacity. The matrix
material can be a fixed or a moveable sorption bed, or can be
dispersed on a water surface and collected following oil sorption.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10).
Entry #64113q.
3,846,335
COMPOSITION FOR RECOVERING OIL FROM WATER
Clinton 0. Bunn, Denver, Colo., assignor to Cal-Ment Corpo-
ration, Butte, Mont.
Division of Ser. No. 121,000, March 4, 1971, Pat. No.
3,783,129. This application June 6, 1973, Ser. No. 367,481
Int. Cl. BOld 39/14
U.S. Cl. 252-428 l Claim
262
-------
P-194-74
DEVICE FOR RECEIVING WATER SURFACE FLOATING IMPURITIES
Derzhavets, A. Y., P. G. Kogan, and S. M. Nunuparov
U.S. Patent 3,862,902
The upper horizontal edge of the gate to the collecting tank of a
skimmer craft forms a weir which is a constant depth below the
water surface. The side of the gate facing the polluted water is
shaped like a cylinder whose axis coincides with the horizontal
axis about which the gate is rocking.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(19).
Entry #204,795.
3,862,902
DEVICE FOR RECEIVING WATER SURFACE FLOATING
IMPURITIES
Abram Yako\ levied Derzhavets, prospekl Gagarina, 4, kv. 5;
Petr Grigorievich Kogan, ulitsa Perekopskoi divizii, 2, kv.
14, and Sergei Martynovich Nunuparov, ulitsa Lastochkina
5, kv. 34, all of Odessa, U.S.S.R.
Filed June 6, 1973, Ser. No. 367,396
Int. Cl. BOId 33100
U.S. Cl. 210-122 4 Claims
263
-------
P-195-74
POLLUTION SUCTION WATER SWEEPER
Di Perna, J.
U.S. Patent 3,847,816
Electronically controlled director tugs pull an oil harvesting ring
in front of a tanker with a series of oil collection tanks within
its hold. The skimmer section of the ring sucks up the floating
oil and transports it to the collection tanks.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(9).
Entry #201,642.
.1,847,816
POLLUTION SICT10N WATER SWEEPER
J»n>fs DiPerna, 8$ FiAhill Ter, StalMi Island, N.Y. 10305
FiM Mir. 7, 1973, Ser. No. J.W.381
Int. C\. 602b If 104
U.S.CI. 210-242 I Clai*
P-196-74
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING WASTE WATER SLIMES OF STEEL
MILL WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Duval, L. A.
U.S. Patent 3,844,943
A method is given for the processing of a stream of water from a
steel mill water treatment system containing iron oxides, liquid
oils, heavy oil particles, a waste material slime and water.
Citation Source: Selected Water Resources Abstracts. 1975 8(7)
Entry #W75-03740.
264
-------
P-197-74
DEPLOYABLE SYSTEM FOR CONTAINING. OIL SPILLS
Fisher, E. N.
U.S. Patent 3,863,694
A polyvinyl chloride diaphragm is placed under a small oil storage
tank and then pleated and fastened to the upper part of the tank.
The diaphragm is able to hold the entire contents of the tank in
case of any tank failure.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(16).
Entry #203,799.
3.863,694
DEPLOYABLE SYSTEM FOR CONTAINING OIL SPILLS
Edwin N. Fisher. 7632 Wandering Dr., Anchorage, Alaska
99502
Filed Sept. 22, 1972, Ser. No. 291.255
Int. Cl. B65d 65102
U.S. Cl. ISO— 1 9 Claims
265
-------
P-198-74
FLEXIBLE OIL BOOM
Fossberg, R. A.
U.S. Patent 3,852,978
This oil boom has strength, light weight and stability in choppy
waters. The barrier wall of the boom is constructed of sheet
material; the upper and lower parts of the wall are sewn together.
Vertical stiffeners and straps near the overlap which can be
connected to individual floats complete the boom.
Citation Source:
Petroleum Abstracts.
Entry #201,645.
1975. 15(9).
3,852,978
FLEXIBLE OIL BOOM
Robert A. Foi&berg, 1594 De la Broquerie, Bruno, Quebec,
Canada
Conlinualion-in-part of Ser. No. 70,333, Sept. 8, 1970,
abandoned. This application May 23, 1973, Ser. No. 363,040
Int. Cl. E02b 15/04
U.S. Cl. 61-1 F 6 Claims
266
-------
P-l99-74
FLOATING WATER JET FOR OIL SLICK CONTROL
Graham, D. A.
U.S. Patent 3,762,169
Water jets force a hose against an oil slick, pushing the floating
oil into a recovery mechanism. The hose is supported by floats and
the water jets are connected to the hose between the floats.
Citation Source: Government Reports Announcements. 1975. 75(5).
Entry # PATENT 3,762,169-
3,762,169
FLOATING WATER JET FOR OIL SLICK CONTROL
Douglas J. Graham, Port Hueneme, Calif., assignor to The
United States of America as represented by the Secretary of
the Navy, Washington, D.C.
Filed Aug. 23,1972, Ser. No. 283,021
Int. Cl. E02b IS 104; BOSb 1/04
U.S.CI.6I—IF 6Claims
267
-------
P-200-74
BOOM AS A BARRIER FOR OIL SLICKS AND THE LIKE ON THE SURFACE OF
WATER
Green, L. G.
U.S. Patent 3,839,869
A number of nonpneumatic floats are wrapped with webbing for the
boom. The web joint is on the underside of the float. The web
is weighted and hangs down to form a ballasting fin.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(2).
Entry #199,198.
3,839,869
BOOM AS A BARRIER FOR OH. SLICKS AND THE LIKE
ON THE SURFACE OF WATER
Leon G. Green, North Caldwell, N.J., assignor to Metropolitan
Petroleum Petrochemicals Co., Inc., New York, N.Y.
Filed May 15, 1969, Ser. No. 824,930
Int. Cl. E02h 15/04
U.S. Cl. 61-1 F 14 Claims
268
-------
P-201-74
PRESSURIZED OIL-IN-WATER MONITOR
Gregory, M. D., J. E. Stolhand, and M. E. Yost
U.S. Patent 3,842,270
The water stream containing oil falls through a tubular housing.
The upper part of the housing has windows through which UV is shown
and the fluorescence of the oil is detected.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 18(20).
Entry #127,334k.
3,842,270
PRESSURIZED OIL-IN-WATER MONITOR
M. Duane Gregory; James E. Stolhand, and Marvin E. Yost, all
of Ponca City, Okla., assignors to Continental Oil Company,
Ponca City, Okla.
Filed Oct. 29, 1973, Ser. No. 410,850
Int. Cl. GOln 21134
U.S. Cl. 250—301 13 Claims
269
-------
P-202-74
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MONITORING POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS
Horvath, R.
U.S. Patent 3,852,997
Two wet bulb thermometers are used In this system. One is wetted
by water which may become polluted, whereas water from the same
source which cannot be polluted wets the other. Any differences
in these two temperature readings indicate the presence of
pollutants with significantly different evaporative rates.
Citation Source:
Petroleum Abstracts.
Entry #202,524.
1975. 15(12).
3,852,997
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MONITORING
POLLUTION OF NATURAL WATERS
Robert Horvuth, Plymouth, Mich., assignor to Environmental
Research Institute of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Filed Feb. 9, 1973, Ser. No. 331,300
Int. Cl. iiOlnif/OO
U.S. Cl. 73—61.1 K 14 Claims
270
-------
P-203-74
CLEANING OF OIL-LADEN METAL WASTE TO RECOVER THE METAL AND TO
RECLAIM THE OIL
Ihrig, J. K.
U.S. Patent 3,846,173
A continuous countercurrent process for cleaning oil-laden metal
waste is described. Wet sludge is removed from the detergent in
a rehabilitation circuit, mixed with the cleaned waste and dried.
The heavier solids, usually metal, are discharged with the waste
and the detergent solution is recovered for recycling.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #102880x.
3,846,173
PROCESS FOR CLEANING OF OIL-LADEN METAL
WASTE TO RECOVER THE METAL AND TO RE-
CLAIM THE OIL
John Kenneth Ihrig, Glemvood, III., assignor to
FMC Corporation, San Jose, Calif.
Filed Mar. 16, 1973, Ser. No. 342,014
' Int. Cl. B08b 3/08, 3/10; C23g 1/36
V.S. Cl. 13-1—10
22 Claims
271
-------
P-204-74
DEVICE FOR REMOVING OIL AND THE LIKE FROM WATER CONTAMINATED BY
OIL OR THE LIKE
Jakubek, P.
U.S. Patent 3,849,311
This apparatus is of use in ship bilges. Oil contaminated water
is pumped first through an air separator, then through an oil
separator. Both a coarse and a fine separator are used; the
coarse separator connects with the collecting tank.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(16).
Entry #203,819.
3,849,311
DEVICE FOR REMOVING OIL AND THE LIKE FROM
WATER CONTAMINATED BY OH, OR THE LIKE
Peter Jakubek, Brunn am (iehirgc, Austria, assignor to Fa,
International Pollution Control Systems, Inc., Washington,
O.C.
Filed Dec. I, 1972, Ser. No. 311,264
Claims priority, application Austria, Dec. 1,1971,10355/71
Int. Cl. BO Id IV/00
U.S. Cl. 210-IKS H Claims
272
-------
P-205-74
REMOVING FLOATING OIL FROM WATER
Jones, L. W.
U.S. Patent 3,850,806
A stream of water with a thin film of oil on the surface is directed
through a bed of granular sulfur which is in a container. The oil
is coalesced and removed, leaving the effluent water clean.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18). Entry #115824.
3,850,807
SYSTEM FOR REMOVING FLOATING Oil. FROM
WATKR
Lovd \V. Jones, Tulsa, Okla., assignor lo Amoco Production
Company, Tulsa, Okla.
Filed Ocl. 15, 1971, Ser. No. 189,663
Int. CI. E02b 15/04
U.S.CI. 210-170 6 Claims
26
P-206-74
FATTY OIL-WATER SEPARATION PROCESS
Keller, H. F., Jr.
U.S. Patent 3,803,031
Fatty constituents and particulate solids are retained from aqueous
systems by passage through a finely divided, acid and alkali resistant
filter media (particle mesh size range from 12 to 60) at a rate from
1 to 50 gallons/minute/square foot of filter media surface area.
Methods of regeneration of the filter media are described.
Citation Source:
Selected Water Resources Abstracts.
Entry #W75-01768.
1975. 8(4).
273
-------
P-207-74
POLYURETHANE COMPOSITIONS EXTENDED WITH LOW AROMATIC HYDROCARBON OILS
Mayer, S. E.
U.S. Patent 3,846,355
"Solid urethane polymers were extended with normally incompatible
hydrocarbon oils by adding a thixotropic colloidal agent and an
emulsifying agent to the polyisocyanate-polyol reaction containing
the oil."
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10). Entry #59149b.
P-208-74
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR EFFECTING SEPARATORS
Mercuri, L.
U.S. Patent 3,844,944
The mixture passes through a number of separators, each of which
receives the processed fluid by gravity flow from the container
immediately preceding it. The lighter material is allowed to go to
the top after each successive separation and is skimmed off or sent
to storage. Oil from oil spills can be recovered in this manner.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(7).
Entry #200,920.
3,844,944
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR EFFECTING
SEPARATIONS
Louis Mercuri, 11 Linda St., Newark, Del. 19711
Filed June 27, 1972, Ser. No. 266,596
Int. Cl. E02b 15104
V.S. Cl. 210-73 3Clalms
274
-------
P-209-74
PUMPING APPARATUS FOR SKIMMING AND RECOVERING AN OIL LAYER FROM
A BODY OF WATER
Mohn, F.
U.S. Patent 3,853,767
An apparatus for recovering floating oil consists of a bowl which
has a central downwardly and inwardly inclined upper surface, a
pump for pumping recovered oil from the central lower portion of
the bowl, and a plate surrounding the bowl for directing water and
oil toward the bowl's edge where oil is separated from water.
Citation Source:
Petroleum Abstracts.
Entry #202,777.
1975. 15(3).
3,853,767
PUMPING APPARATUS FOR SKIMMING AND
RECOVERING AN OIL LAYER FROM A BODY OF
WATER
Frank Mohn, Fana, Norway, assignor to Patents and Develop-
ments A/S, Nesttun, Norway
Filed Apr. 14, 1972, Ser. No. 244,010
Claims priority, application Norway, Apr. 23, 1971,
1522/71
Int. Cl. E02b IS 104
t'.S.CI. 210-242 5 Claims
P-210-74
OIL POLLUTION TOTALIZER
Moreau, J. 0., and R. A. Halko
U.S. Patent 8369,563
The totalizer measures both the rate and total amount of oil discharged
in a flow. The oil is accumulated at a rate directly proportional to
the discharge rate. This device would be useful in tanker deballasting
operations and refinery effluent streams.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(17).
Entry #204,083.
275
-------
P-211-74
OIL ACCUMULATOR
Nugent, J. B.
U.S. Patent 3,768,656
A floating skimmer is described which has three sides. The skimmer
itself is in a line of booms. A wave with oil on its surface enters
the skimmer and surges up over the ramp, leaving the oil in the unit
for later processing.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(16).
Entry #203,817.
3,768,656
OIL ACCUMULATOR
John B. Nugent, Winthrop, Mass., assignor to Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.
Filed May 28,1971, Ser. No. 148,107
Int. Cl. E02b 15104
U.S. Cl. 210-242 4 Claims
276
-------
P-212-74
INFLATABLE BARRIER FOR SUBSTANCES FLOATING ON WATER
Preus, P.
U.S. Patent 3,849,989
A series of inflatable chambers, held together by tension members,
are connected end to end. A flexible skirt hangs down into the
water from the chambers.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(9)
Entry #201,643.
3,849,989
INFLATABLE BARRIER FOR SUBSTANCES FLOATING
ON WATER
Paul Preus, Box 1002, Toms River, N.J. 08753
Filed May 25, 1973, Ser. No. 363,954
Int. Cl. E02b 3104. 15/04
V.S. Cl. 61-1 F 4 Claims
P-213-74
PREPARATION OF PEKLITE-ASPHALT-FIBER COMPOSITIONS FOR SEPARATING
HYDROCARBONS FROM WATER
Preus, P.
U.S. Patent 3,855,152
The material is formed from a loose mass of expanded perlite mixed
with clays and fibrous filler. This mixture absorbs the hydrocarbon
selectively from a hydrocarbon-water system; the mixture-hydrocarbon
is then removed.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(12).
Entry #202,525.
277
-------
P-214-74
RECLAMATION OF HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATED GROUND WATERS.
Raymond, R. L.
U.S. Patent 3,846,290
An underground water supply contaminated by hydrocarbons is purified
by the addition of nutrients and oxygen for hydrocarbon-degrading
microorganisms normally present in the water supply.
Citation Source:
Chemical Abstracts.
Entry #64114r.
1975. 82(10).
3,846,290
RECLAMATION OF HYDROCARBON CONTAMI-
NATED GROUND WATERS
Richard L. Raymond, Wilmington, Del., assignor to Sun
Research and Development Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
Filed Sept. 29, 1972, Ser. No. 293,621
Int. Cl. C02c 5/10
VS. Cl. 210—11 7 Claims
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278
-------
P-215-74
FLOTATION TYPE WATER SWEEP BOOM AND METHODS
Rudd, C. H.
U.S. Patent 3,852,965
A floating boom with a hanging curtain is towed through the water.
The upper part of the curtain is impervious, and the lower part is
open for free water passage. A lower line, connected to the bottom
of the curtain, is pulled in advance of an upper line, which is
attached to the floating surface barrier.
Citation Source:
Petroleum Abstracts.
Entry #201,644.
1975. 15(9).
3,852,965
FLOTATION TYPE WATER SWEEP BOOM AND
METHODS
Chris H. Rudd, 824 Lilian Dr., Gkndale, Calif. 91206
Conlinua,tion of S«r. No. 207,187, Dec. 13,1971, abandoned.
This application Oct. 31, 197.1, Ser. No. 411,277
Inl. Cl. E02b 15104
U.S. Cl. 61-1 F 20 Claims
279
-------
TAILINGS DISPOSAL SYSTEM FOR TAR SANDS PLANT
Schutte, R.
U.S. Patent 3,869,384
A waste disposal process is described for the tailings stream from
a hot water extraction plant for recovering bitumen from tar sand.
The stream undergoes settling and clarification and the remainder
of the decanted water is added to the tailings stream to fluidize
it and render it pumpable.
Citation Source:
Petroleum Abstracts.
Entry #205,054.
1975. 15(20).
3,869,384
TAILINGS DISPOSAL SYSTEM FOR TAR SANDS PLANT
Robert Schulle, Sherwood Park, Alberta, Calif., assignor to
Canada-Cities Service Ltd.; Imperial Oil Limited; Atlantic
Richfield Canada Ltd. and Culf Oil Canada Limited
Filed Jan. 21, 1974, Ser. No. 435,226
Int. Cl. BO Id 21/00
U.S. Cl. 210-44 2 Claims
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P-217-74
PROCESS FOR CONTAINING OIL SPILLS
Stanley, W. L., and A. G. Pittman
U.S. Patent 3,869,385
Means are provided for containing an oil spill on a body of water.
In the process,quantities of a polyisocyanate and a polyamine are
applied to the spill. These substances have a density less than
that of water and are at least partially miscible with oil, but are
immiscible with water.
Citation Source:
Petroleum Abstracts.
Entry #205,051.
1975. 15(20).
280
-------
P-218-74
CORONA DISCHARGE TREATMENT OF AN OIL SLICK
Stoddard, P. C.
U.S. Patent 3,865,722
When a free floating oil slick is treated with a corona discharge,
the oil tends to conglomerate and become cohesive. Removal of the
oil is made easier. The corona also decreased the tendency of the
oil to become emulsified in the water.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(19).
Entry #204,796.
3,865,722
CORONA DISCHARGE TREATMENT OF AN OIL SLICK
Patrick C. Stoddard, 7734 Leonard Dr., Falls Church, Va.
22043
Filed Oct. 25, 1972, Ser. No. 300,520
Int. Cl. C02b 9/02
U.S. Cl. 210-42 7 Claims
281
-------
P-219-74
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM WATER AND MEASURING THE AMOUNT OF
OIL SO SEPARATED
Tulumello, A. C.
U.S. Patent 3,847,810
A rotor, enclosed in a housing with an inlet for oily water and an
outlet for pure water, has two spaced metal plates with absorber
material between them. As the rotor turns, oil is collected in the
absorber material. The capacitance between the two plates changes
as the oil is absorbed and measures the amount of oil collected from
a water stream.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975- 15(9).
Entry #201,641.
3,847,810
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM WATER AND
MEASURING THE AMOUNT OF OIL SO SEPARATED
Angelo C. Tulumello, 18508 Lorrence Ave., Apt. 2E, Lansing,
111. 60438
Filed May 4, 1973, Ser. No. 357,506
Int. Cl. E02b 15104
U.S. Cl. 210-96 12 Claims
P-220-74
OIL WATER SEPARATION
Vennett, R. M.
U.S. Patent 3,869, 388
The process for separating oil and water in storage vessels involves
the addition of a liquid inert to and insoluble in both oil and water,
and having a specific gravity higher than that of oil and lower than
that of water, so an intermediate layer forms between the oil and
water.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975 15(20)
Entry #205,022.
282
-------
P-221-74
BOAT FOR COLLECTING OIL SLICKS AND OTHER CONTAMINANTS FROM THE
SURFACE OF WATER
Weatherford, D. J.
U.S. Patent 3,862,904
This oil collection boat has a noose-type boom which draws surface
films to a front-end surface skimmer. As the oil is drawn in and
the area decreases, the layer thickens. A mesh basket in front of
the skimmer collects debris.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(17).
Entry #204,071.
.1.862.904
BOAT K)R COLLECTING Oil. SLICKS AND OTHER
CONTAMINANTS .FROM THE SURFACE OF WATER
Danny J. Wcathtrford, 7250 North 4KI. Ave., I'hotniv Ariz.
85021
Filed Jan. 21. I'm, St-r. No. 435.103
Int. Cl. E02h 15IH4
C.S.O. 210-242 13 Claims
283
-------
P-222-74
OIL SLICK SKIMMER
Weatherford, D. J.
U.S. Patent 3,860,519
In this process, oil slicks are skimmed from the surface by a boat
with an appended hull. The slick is pumped to a compartment where
the oil immediately rises to the top and is bled off and pumped into
an accumulation compartment. The water is filtered and returned to
the sea.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts, 1975. 15(16).
Entry #203,820.
3,860,519
Oil. SLICK SK1MMKR
Danny J. Weatherford, 7250 N. 41st Ave., Phoenix, Ariz.
85021
Filed Jan. 5, 1973, Ser. No. 321,281
Int. Cl. E02b 15104
U.S. Cl. 210—242 3 Claims
284
-------
P-223-74
APPARATUS FOR SKIMMING FLOATING POLLUTION FROM A LIQUID SURFACE
Westerman, H.
U.S. Patent 3,849,308
A container with one open shallow end and one deep end is supported
on the water's surface. These two ends are raised and lowered
automatically, causing a flow that dissolves soluble solids and
carries insoluble solids past the suction end of the center pipeline.
The frequency of the rocking motion self-adjusts and is in part a
function of the discharge rate from the container.
Citation Source:
Petroleum Abstracts.
Entry #203,818.
1975. 15(16).
3,849,308
APPARATUS FOR SKIMMING FLOATING POLLUTION
FROM A LIQUID SURFACE
Hulan Weslcrman, P.O. Box 118, Bnolhville, La. 70038
Filed Oct. 25, 1972, Ser. No. 300,601
Int. Cl. BOld .W«; E02b 15104
U.S. Cl. 210—98 2 Claims
, 12
P-224-74
OIL-ABSORBENT FOAMED SILICATE FOR OIL POLLUTION CONTROL
Whittington, J. M. C., J. E. Meyer, and G. D. Tingle
U.S. Patent 3,843,306
A process is described in which an alkaline metal silicate foam
having oleophilic-hydrophobic properties is used to control and
remove oil spills. When the foam is spread over an oil slick, the
oil is immediately absorbed by the foam and can be ignited. Burning
continues until oil is completely consumed.
Citation Source:
Chemical Abstracts.
Entry #64112p.
1975. 82(10).
285
-------
B. FOREIGN PATENTS
P-225-74
TREATMENT OF OIL SPILLS BY USING OIL-BALL FORMING AGENTS BASED
ON WATER SOLUBLE PROTEINS
Abe, K., S. Tomita, Y. Matsuda, and K. Terajima
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 86,276
Oil spills are effectively removed by spraying an oil-ball-forming
agent, made of water-soluble protein 0.1-2.0 weight % of the oil
to be treated, on a spill and collecting the resulting oil balls.
An equal amount of a polymeric oil-ball-formation promoting agent
may be added to the agent.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #102888f.
P-226-74
TREATMENT OF OIL SPILLS USING BASIC POLYMER OIL-BALL FORMING AGENTS
Abe, K., S. Tomita, Y. Matsuda, K. Terajima, and T. Kanayama
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 89,687
Oil-ball-forming agents, composed of a water-soluble basic polymer
0.3 to 2.0 weight % of the amount of oil spilled, is sprayed over a
spill and the resulting oil balls are collected. The oil-ball-forming
agent coagulates the oils spilled on the water surface as well as
the oils dissolved in the seawater, thus facilitating the recovery
of the oil spill.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #102894e.
P-227-74
FLOATING VESSELS
Anonymous
Netherlands Patent 7,406,443
An oil-recovering floating vessel consists of a buoyant vertical
column supplied with a ballast section having a large diameter at its
end. The column and ballast section determine the limits of a shaft
which is open at its lower end and allows fluid to enter the shaft
over a relatively large area.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(3)
Entry #202,779.
286
-------
P-228-74
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE SEPARATION AND PUMPING OF STRATIFIED
LIQUIDS
Anonymous
British Patent 1,371,993
Adjustable floats are used to support a bowl in two stratified
liquids. A disk is superimposed on the bowl to separate the liquids
and two pumps are used to pump them. The floats place the disk
edge at the plane of separation of the liquids.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975- 15(16).
Entry #203,822.
P-229-74
METHOD OF COLLECTING OIL ON WATER SURFACE
Anonymous
British Patent 1,384,217
Waste tires cut into 5 mm chips and then ground into a powder are
scattered on a water surface. The powdered tires absorb the oil,
forming blobs or balls of oil that can be easily collected.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(16).
Entry #203,823.
P-230-74
MIXTURES FOR TRANSFORMING FATS AND HYDROCARBONS INTO BIODEGRADABLE
EMULSIONS
Anonymous
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,422,449
Mixtures of alkanamides (20-34%), ammonium alkano (2.5-6%), and
solvent (55-75%) are used to emulsify a hydrocarbon layer on water.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18). Entry #115862.
P-231-74
PROCEDURE AND INSTALLATION TO REMOVE POLLUTANTS FROM WATER
Anonymous
Netherlands Patent 1,404,099
287
-------
A system consisting of a gutter divided into a number of mixing
chambers is used to remove and accumulate the upper layer containing
oil and water. The mixture is then placed in accumulation and
settling tanks.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(12).
Entry #202,526.
P-232-74
SWAB
Anonymous
Netherlands Patent 7,306,564
A swab, consisting of a number of thin strips of polypropylene,
can be used to clean up oil spills on coastlines.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(13).
Entry #202,780.
P-233-74
APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING OIL FROM WASTE SOLUBLE OIL EMULSIONS
Atherton, D. G., and B. A. Silvester
British Patent 1,368,991
The main tank consists of a reaction chamber and storage for the
recovered oil. Three reservoirs above the reaction chamber release
an emulsion breaking agent, an acid, and an alkali into the agitated
contents of the chamber. The oil is then skimmed off into storage.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18).
Entry #113988a.
P-234-74
OIL SPILL CAPTURING SHEET
Ausawa, S., K. Tsuchiya, S. Kubota, T. Horie, and N. Fukuoka
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 90,687
An oil spill removing sheet having good mechanical strength and a
high oil-absorption capacity is formed by treating paper pulp with
a sizing and pouring it into a sheet with an average porosity of
50-95%.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(22)
Entry #144681p.
288
-------
P-235-74
MATERIAL FOR TREATING OCEAN OIL SPILLAGE
Azuma, K.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 53,177
The method of preparation of a material used to remove oil floating
on the surface of water is given. The material is considered to be
useful in treating oil spills from oil tankers and other ocean-going
vessels and is especially useful for oil removal from vicinities of
shell-fish beds and seaweed harvesting areas.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(12).
Entry #76952a.
P-236-74
PIPELINE FOR CRUDE OIL PRODUCT
Ballast Nedam Groep NV, and Mining Equipment Manufacturing
Corporation
Netherlands Patent 7,305,013
A pipeline for crude oil or petroleum products is partly buried in
the sea bottom, unlike floating pipelines, so as to eliminate the
danger of breaking.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(11).
Entry #202,192.
P-237-74
ANTIPOLLUTION FLOATING BARRIER
Ballu, L.
French Patent 2,215,073
This patent describes flotation pockets and a procedure for
installing and maintaining the pockets in floating barriers.
The pockets open downward and are shaped by inserts lighter than
water, such as cellulen material impervious to water and with
little compressibility, or small inflated balloons, or just air.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(9).
Entry #201,647.
289
-------
P-238-74
OIL-ABSORBING POLYURETHANE FOAM
Bortmer, H. . .
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexarmned patent application)
2,306,916
The oil-absorbing material is prepared from granular polyurethane
foam, binders and additives (powders, granules, cuttings and fibers).
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10). Entry #64147d.
P-239-74
OIL SKIMMER APPARATUS
Craggs, D. E., and R. S. Gillen
British Patent 1,381,197
An oil skimming apparatus consists of the following: a rectangular
structure with an imperforate bottom member which defines a
partially enclosed open-fronted compartment, a cutting lip pivotly
attached to the front edge of the bottom member, a vertical weir
transversely positioned across the compartment near the rear, and
a transverse outlet in the bottom of the compartment for discharge
of oil-free water.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(13).
Entry #202,778.
P-240-74
DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING DROP COAGULATION
Davies, G. A., G. V. Jeffreys, and D. P. Bayley
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,303,990
Petroleum-water dispersions are separated in a column containing a
packing composed of a mixture of stainless steel and polypropylene
filaments. The dispersed liquid forms continuous films on the
packing and flows out the column bottom in discrete streams to a
separator.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10). Entry #61117h.
P-241-74
APPARATUS FOR ENCOURAGING EMULSIFICATION
Desty, D. H.
British Patent 1,376,166
290
-------
A rotating drum agitates the surface layer of water sufficiently to
mix it with the contaminating oil. The drum surface is of perforated
or expanded metal. The apparatus can be supported by a conventional
ship or be self floating with independent motors.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1976. 15(9).
Entry #201,649.
P-242-74
PRECIPITATION OF OIL FROM SURFACE OF WATER BY SPRAYING WITH FINE
KAOLIN
DeVilliers, W. R.
Canadian Patent 940,457
When finely divided kaolin is applied to oil slicks on water, it
removes the oil by forming a kaolin-oil complex which precipitates.
The amount of kaolin required to precipitate an oil slick is a
function of the following: type of oil, slick depth, viscosity, and
wave or other motion of the water.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(12). Entry #76871y.
P-243-74
OIL ABSORBENT
Fischer, K. 0. P.
Canadian Patent 956,921
Specially dried and processed peat is used to collect and absorb
oil spilled on the water's surface. Peat fibers and peat fines
spread on water readily and float, exhibit excellent oil absorbent
qualities, and do not sink when oil laden.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(12). Entry #76874b.
P-244-74
OIL ABSORBING NONWOVEN TEXTILES
Fujimura, I.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74,122,891
A textile made from a polybutene-polyolefin side-by-side composite
fiber is useful for removing oils from waste water. Water containing
70 ppm oil was filtered through a 20 cm layer of the textile, and
emerged containing 8 ppm oil. This textile has a longer life than
other oil absorbing textiles.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18). Entry #113159v.
291
-------
P-245-74
FLOATING FLEXIBLE SEA BARRIER HAVING ADJUSTABLE DRAFT
Grihangne, A.
Netherlands Patent 7,408,400
A floating, flexible expandable sea barrier is used to contain oil
slicks. The barrier is a tube shaped line that can be inflated
or deflected.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(21).
Entry #205,281.
P-246-74
ABSORBENTS FOR REMOVAL OF OIL DISPERSED IN WATER
Harris, A., W. Margotte, and B. M. Thomas
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,431,610
Removal of oil dispersed in waste water is achieved by mixing with
an adsorption agent (vinyl polymer, urea formaldehyde resin, or
melamine formaldehyde polymer) 40-90 wt. %; an emulsion-breaking
agent (Al2(S04)3 • 16 H£0 or CaCl2) 9-50 wt.%; and a hydrophobic
agent (paraffin wax, lanolin, liquid paraffin, castor oil, capryl
wax, or a silicone oil) 1-10 wt. %.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(22). Entry #144655h.
P-247-74
OIL BARRIER
In't Veld, C.
French Patent 2,210,193
Vertical bars made of floating material are tied together. The bars
are slightly parted. Two of these partial barriers parallel to each
other can localize any oil spill and serve as a container to remove
oil from the water surface.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(7).
Entry #200,922.
292
-------
P-248-74
REMOVAL OF OIL FROM THE SURFACE OF WATER
Kawachi, J., Y. Negi, and T. Toiyama
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 96,980
Water slurry, composed of short polyolefin fibers, is sprayed over
oil on the surface of water to gel the oils. The gel-like oils
with the polyolefin fibers are then removed from the water.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #102865w.
P-249-74
SEPARATING OF OIL FROM WATER
Kita, S., T. Kono, and S. Fujita
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 86,267
Oil floating on the surface of water or present in solution as an
emulsion in water is treated by adding an alum-type material and
contacting the oil-containing water with a sorbent material for oil
separation.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #102989q.
P-250-74
REINFORCED OIL ABSORBING MATTS FOR RECOVERY OF OIL SPILLS AND
TREATMENT OF WASTE SOLUTIONS
Kita, S., and T. Kono
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 86,277
Oil from oil spills or industrial waste solutions is recovered by
the use of oil-absorbing matts, prepared from polyolefin fibers.
Tapes or threads are incorporated in the matts to give reinforced
oil-absorbing capabilities. The matt can absorb 4.1 and 11 times
its weight of A- and C-type heavy oils, respectively.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #102889q.
P-251-74
OIL ABSORBING FIBERS AND SHEETS
Kita, S., and T. Kono
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 87,866
293
-------
Fibers and sheets, prepared from a mixture of boiling heptane-
insoluble crystalline polypropylene and boiling heptane-insoluble
ethylene-propylene copolymer, are used to absorb oil on seawater.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10).
Entry #59717k.
P-252-74
OIL ADSORBENT
Kitagaki, T., K. Taguchi, and S. Nakamura
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 119,882
An oil adsorbent used to remove oils from waste water is obtained
from chaff or sawdust treated with a si'licone system water repellent
and packed in fibrous material bags treated with a water repellent.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(22).
Entry #144662h.
P-253-74
TREATMENT OF WASTE OIL
Koizumi, T.
Japanese Kokai 74,102,568
A hydroxycarboxylic acid (0.2-20 wt. parts) is mixed with 100 wt.
parts waste oil. Sludge forms and is removed by centrifugation.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(20).
Entry #129035n.
P-254-74
EXTRACTION OF TARRY MATTERS AND HYDROCARBONS FROM WASTE WATERS
Kupryakhina, K. Z., E. I. Shuleshov, and I. V. Rozhnyatovskii
U.S.S.R. Patent 444,732
The extraction is simplified and the consumption of the extracting
agent is decreased when a mixture of the agent and waste water is
passed through a granular material, and the extracting agent is
recovered by distillation.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(20)
Entry #129037q.
294
-------
P-255-74
HYDROCARBON DETERMINATION IN WATER
Laier, G.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,322,986
"Hydrocarbons are determined in water and wastewater by cracking
in the vapor phase at 100° with the formation of H and CO and
determining the H-H20 equilibrium by the oxygen potential using
Zr02 solid electrolyte cells."
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(22).
Entry #144782x.
P-256-74
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TREATING EMULSIONS
Lefeurre, A. A. J.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,412,715
and a water-in-oil type emu! sifier are added to a 0.5 to 5%
oil-containing emulsion. After agitation, droplets of water-in-oil
emulsion are removed by filtration. The resulting water phase
contains <15 ppm oil.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(12). Entry #77508x.
P-257-74
APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING THE WATER ALONG THE SHORE OF THE SEA OR
OF RIVERS AGAINST POLLUTION WHICH MIGHT ENDANGER HUMAN BEINGS
DURING BATHING
Leonard, S.
French Patent 2,216,821
The apparatus consists of a vertical sheet of plastic which isolates
a volume ef water near shore. The sheet is attached at the surface
to polystyrene floats and anchored to ballast on the bottom. The
isolated volume can be purified and continuously renewed with clean
water. One use is to protect the seawater in areas of offshore
drilling for oil.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(9).
Entry #201,648.
295
-------
P-258-74
SEPARATING HYDROCARBONS
Luke, L. A., and N. 6. McTaggart
British Patent 1,380,581
The method analyzes hydrocarbon mixtures containing paraffin, naph-
thenes and olefins and aromatics. The mixture is first hydrogenated
to convert olefins to paraffins and naphthenes, and then run in the
gas phase through a molecular sieve column. The olefins are removed
and the remaining mixture, in gas phase, is passed through a molecular
sieve and the effluents are identified.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(10).
Entry #201,898.
P-259-74
SORBENTS FOR THE REMOVAL OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM WASTE WATERS
Lyubman, H. Y., 0. N. Chistyakova, Y. N. Svyadoshch, G. K. Imangazieva,
and L. S. Dukhankina
U.S.S.R. Patent 448,191
"The title sorbents are produced by treating a chloromethylated
styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with aliphatic alcohols (C £ 5)
at 80-100° in the presence of an alkali catalyst."
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts, 1975. 82(20). Entry #129043p.
P-260-74
REMOVAL OF OIL FILMS FROM SEA WATER SURFACES BY BIODEGRADATION
Marconi, W.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,417,431
A number of nutritive salts are listed which are added to oil spills
to aid oil biodegrading microorganisms. The salts are treated with
paraffins to make them lipophilic and floatable.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16). Entry #102996q.
P-261-74
PRODUCTS USEFUL IN COMBATTING POLLUTION BY OILY MATERIALS
Martineau, 0., and F. J. Biechler
French Demande 2,214,662
296
-------
The preparation of a complex powder useful in adsorbing oily
contaminants of waste water and capable of being removed from
the surface for later extraction is described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16)
Entry #102872w.
P-262-74
PROCESS FOR REMOVAL FROM THE SURFACE OF A BODY OF MATER A POLLUTING
LIQUID OF LOWER DENSITY, AND APPARATUS USED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Massei, 0.
French Patent 2,223,516
Polluted surface waters are driven into a submerged channel whose
roof is below the surface. Baffles create zones of pollutant
accumulation near the roof of the channel. The pollutant is
removed by aspiration and sent to decantation tanks. The apparatus
is operable on the high seas.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(19).
Entry #204,798.
P-263-74
EMULSIFYING AGENT
Mo Och Domsjo A/B
British Patent 1,368,671
Compounds of the general formula RCOO (CnH2nO)pRi form excellent
emulsifying agents for hydrophobic fluids. R is a linear aliphatic
hydrocarbon radical with 15 to 23 carbons; RI is an alkyl, cycloalkyl
or aryl group with 1 to 6 carbons; (CnH2nO) does not have the number
of propyleneoxy units greater than 40% of the ethyleneoxy units, and
p is usually 20 to 30.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(19).
Entry #204,738.
P-264-74
BARRIER FOR PROTECTION OF THE SURFACE OF WATER AGAINST POLLUTION
Mondiet, R. P.
French Patent 2,226,852
The upper edge of this antipollution barrier is attached to a line
297
-------
supported by buoys. The lower edge of the net is attached to the
buoys and also has lead weights to keep the net vertical.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(19).
Entry #204,799.
P-265-74
TREATMENT OF OIL EMULSION IN WATER
Mori, H.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 80,858
Water containing an oil emulsion and iron is treated by the addition
of HC10 or its salt to separate oil and iron from the water.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #102846r.
P-266-74
SEPARATING OIL FROM WASTE WATERS
Miyazawa, T.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,412,559
Oil- and fat-containing waste water is treated with an amount of
paraffin hydrocarbon and a flocculating agent, stirred, and the
supernatant oil-containing foam is removed for oil recovery by
distillation.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10).
Entry #64075d.
P-267-74
OIL-EMULSIFYING COMPOSITION
Nagao, F., and K. Hagiwara
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 67,885
An oil emulsifying composition useful for diffusion of oil on the
surface of seawater consists of a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty
acid ester and N-paraffin or paraffin-containing solvent.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10)
Entry #64148e.
298
-------
P-268-74
TREATMENT OF THE SLUDGE OBTAINED BY TREATING OIL-CONTAMINATED
SEWAGES WITH ALUMINUM AND IRON SALTS ujniHniiwitu
Nagy, 6., J. Sdravich, G. Szebeni, and S. Bodas
Hung. Teljes 8,881
The sludge of oil-contaminated sewage is decomposed to aqueous,
oily and solid phases by a process of concentration by sedimentation,
and acidification with H2S04 to pH 3.0-5 and 2.0-5, respectively.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10). Entry #64139c.
P-269-74
REMOVAL OF OIL FROM WASTE WATER
Nakaguro, F., and T. Nishimura
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 90,285
Oil-containing waste water is passed through an oil collector-packed
tower made from polymers which are soluble in oils. Oils in the
waste water come into contact with the oil collector and the collector
is dissolved in the oils, thus separating them from the waste water.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #102861s.
P-270-74
REMOVAL OF OIL FROM SEAWATER
Nakajima, T., K. Arai, S. Sugawara, A. Higuehi, and A. Ichikawa
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 105,782
Oil-containing seawater is mixed with a lipophilic polymer emulsion
which is broken by seawater. After agitation, the coagulated polymers
are separated from the seawater with a 95% efficiency.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(20).
Entry #129033k.
P--271-74
ADSORBENT FOR REMOVING OILS FROM WASTE WATER
Ohkita, J., H. Segawa, K. Saito, and M. Nakamura
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 84,979
An oil adsorbent is prepared by mixing synthetic fibrils made from
hydrophobic resins with hydrophilic, natural cellulosic cut staple
299
-------
fibers. Waste water containing 100 ppm fuel oil A, when passed
through a column packed with the adsorbent, has a reduced oil
content of 0.1 ppm fuel oil A.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(12).
Entry #76868c.
P-272-74
ADSORBENT FOR REMOVING OILS FROM WASTE WATER
Ohkita, J., H. Segawa, S. Kurosaki, and T. Mochizuki
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 84,980
An adsorbent with a high capacity to adsorb oils from waste water
is prepared by mixing synthetic fibrils, made from hydrophobic
resins, with natural cellulosic materials. When waste water
containing 100 ppm fuel oil A is passed through a column packed
with the mixture, the fuel oil A is completely removed.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10).
Entry #64090e.
P-273-74
ADSORBENT FOR REMOVING OILS FROM WASTE WATER
Ohkita, J., S. Kurosaki, K. Kagitami, and S. Morihiro
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 84,981
An adsorbent with a high capacity to adsorb oils from waste water
consists of nonwoven fabrics made from hydrophobic fibers and
hydrophilic fibers. When waste water containing 100 ppm fuel oil A
is passed through a column packed with the adsorbent, fuel oil A
is completely removed.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975- 82(10).
Entry #64091f.
P-274-74
OIL ADSORBENT
Ohkita, J., and H. Segawa
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 115,087
Polystyrene fiber cloth, made from polystyrene resin fibers
containing 30% stearic acid and polyethylene glycol dilaurate,
was cut and packed in a reactor. Water containing 100 ppm heavy
oil was passed through the reactor at 120 ml/min. The oil content
was reduced to 2 ppm.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(22)
Entry #144671k.
300
-------
P-275-74
FILTER MATERIAL FOR OIL AND WATER EMULSIONS
Ohta, M.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 27,622
A material made of an at least partially marcel!ized or acetylated
cellulose fiber is used to rapidly separate oil-in-water and water-
in-oil emulsions. When an aqueous emulsion containing 5000 ppm oil
is filtered through the material, the amount of oil in the solution
is reduced to 0.7 pprn oil.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10).
Entry 164138b.
P-276-74
OIL-ABSORBING STRUCTURAL SUBSTANCE
Ohyabu, M., T. Ishimaru, and K. Murakami
Japanese Patent 74 33,741
A barrier tube for absorbing oil floating on sea or water surfaces
is described. The tube consists of wide mesh cloth packed with
polypropylene at a space rate of 55-85%.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(14).
Entry #89723b.
P-277-74
SEPARATION OF OIL FROM WATER USING A FLOCCULATION LAYER
Oshitari, Y.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 83,670
An oil-water mixture containing surfactants and oil additives is
treated by blowing in reducing or oxidizing gases and other
chemicals, and then passing the mixture through a layer for
coalescing the oil droplets. The gases serve to destroy the
surfactants, which lower the surface tension of water and reduce
the efficiency of oil droplet coalescence.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #102990h.
301
-------
P-278-74
COMPOUND AND PROCESS FOR DISPERSING OIL FILMS FLOATING ON THE
SURFACE OF WATER
Perlaky, C.
French Patent 2,213,093
A compound, consisting of a nonionic dispersing agent (3 to 50% by
weight) and an oxygenated organic compound soluble in water (50 to
97% by weight), added in small amounts, disperses an oil film. The
organic compound can be mixed alcohols or esters of alcohols with
4 to 13 carbon atoms, oxo products obtained when preparing C& to
alcohols, or a mixture.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts* 1975. 15(9).
Entry #201,646.
P-279-74
APPARATUS FOR THE SEPARATION OF LIGHT LIQUIDS FROM WASTE WATERS
Purator Klaeranlagen Grosshandel Ing. Oestreicher and Company
Austrian Patent 318,505
A filtration apparatus is described which is used for the separation
of light liquids, such as mineral oils, from waste water.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10).
Entry #64109t.
P-280-74
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING WATER
PLM Glasindustrie Dongen B.V.
Netherlands Patent 73 05,509
"Oil is separated from water in a bell jar touching a basin into
which the polluted water continuously flows."
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(12).
Entry #76879g.
P-281-74
APPARATUS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF WATER POLLUTED WITH OIL
Rafael, J.
German Patent 2,246,958
A floating tank with an inlet for the pollution layer collects the
302
-------
polluted water. The convex roof of the tank has a hole where the
roof is highest and the oil collects. The oil can be withdrawn.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975 15(7)
Entry #200,923.
P-282-74
PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATER CONTAINING PHENOLS AND AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS
Sanada, H.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 105,358
Aeration of waste water containing phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons
removes all or part of the aromatic hydrocarbons. The waste water
is then passed through a fixed bed adsorber packed with activated
C to remove the phenol.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18).
Entry #115851 p.
P-283-74
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO MARINE BOOMS FOR CONTROLLING FLOATING
POLLUTION
Sandford, W. H.
British Patent 1,387,123
This invention is useful both for booms intended to control oil
pollution and to enclose bathing areas. A length of flexible
material is folded longitudinally and an inflatable member is
inserted to support the screen partly above the water. A chain on
the lower edge of the screen serves as ballast and secures the boom
between moorings.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(19).
Entry #204,800.
P-284-74
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO INFLATABLE BOOMS
Sayles, J. A.
British Patent 1,371,143
A floating boom with a weighted skirt forms a barrier to help collect
and segregate floating substances.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(16).
Entry #203,821.
303
-------
P-285-74
SEPARATION OF OIL EMULSIONS INTO CLEAN, OIL-FREE WATER AND OIL
Schaefers, H.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,311,625
The aqueous phase of an oil emulsion is vaporized and cooled in a
multichambered evaporator. The partially separated oil then goes
from chamber to chamber, each increasing in temperature. The oil
becomes more water-free at each step. The water from the separator
is oil-free, sterile and of low hardness.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(20).
Entry #127378c.
P-286-74
REMOVAL OF HYDROCARBONS FROM WASTE WATER EMULSIONS
Schulze, G.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,313,217
A method of separating hydrocarbon oil-water emulsions by neutral
ization of the emulsion to a value between acid consumption
^ 0.5 mequiv/1 and base consumption ^ 3.0 mequiv/1 is outlined.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10).
Entry #64065a.
P-287-74
COMPOSITIONS FOR COLLECTING PETROLEUM AND METHOD FOR REMOVING
PETROLEUM FROM WATER
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
French Patent 2,203,402
A mixture of primary aliphatic long chain alcohols (RO (C2H40)mH,
where m is 1-3 and R is C]Q-15 alkylradical) and a diluting material,
with polar groups and derived from esters, is used to collect
petroleum from water and silicon-containing materials. The propor-
tions of the mixture are varied.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18).
Entry #115827k.
304
-------
P-288-74
ADSORPTIVE PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATER
Shiga, K., and C. Shimodaira
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,410,007 '
A method for the treatment of petroleum refinery effluent by active
carbon in a fluidized bed is described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10)
Entry #64066b.
P-289-74
REMOVAL OF OILS FROM WASTE WATER
Shinoda, K., T. Nakagawa, H. Takahashi, and M, Koike
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 91,075
Graphite oxide and a coagulant will precipitate oil from oil-
containing waters. The precipitate can then be removed. An oil
emulsion of 5700 ppm was reduced after precipitation and filtering
to 110 ppm.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18).
Entry #115845q.
P-290-74
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER CONTAINING ACRYL RESINS
Takagi, M., and M. Shiraishi
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 55,152
Oils or antifoaming agents were removed from a waste water containing
acryl resins by treating with poly (vinyl alcohol) or starch and
inorganic salts, and then adjusting the pH to >7.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(12). Entry #76858z.
P-291-74
REMOVAL OF OILS FROM WASTE WATER CONTAINING OILS
Tamaki, K., M. Fujii, M. Tanaka, and Y. Kubo
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 79,051
Oils can be removed from waste water by adding oil-absorbing materials,
aerating the solution, and removing the resultant foams which contain
the oils incorporated in the absorbent.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10). Entry #64085q.
305
-------
P-292-74
OIL COLLECTOR
Tanaka, K.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 87,586
An oil collector which absorbs oil from the water surface consists
of filaments coated with a thin film of oleophilic substances,
sprayed with an emulsion of Silicone YSW 6606, Adecatol 45-10 and
water, and wrapped in a polyethylene net.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10). Entry #64143z.
P-293-74
OIL-REMOVING AGENT
Tanaka, K., N. Gomyo, M. Tamayama, and Y. Takahata
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 93,289
This oil-removing agent is prepared by dissolving high molecular
weight compounds in a water-soluble solvent, adding the resulting
solution to water to precipitate the high molecular weight compounds,
and washing with water.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(16).
Entry #102857v.
P-294-74
DISPOSAL OF OIL SUSPENSION IN WATER
Tanaka, K., Y. Takahata, M. Tamayama, and N. Gomyo
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 74,196
A high molecular compound used to remove oil from water is prepared
by dissolving a water-insoluble high molecular compound in a
solvent and reprecipitating with water. Oil concentration in an
oil-water mixture can be reduced to <0.5 ppm.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(12). Entry #76859a.
P-295-74
REMOVAL OF OILS FROM WASTE WATER
Tanaka, K., T. Takahata, M. Tomoyama, and N. Gomyo
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 103,464
Addition and agitation of a cationic high molecular weight coagulant
to oil containing waste water creates removable floes. Further
306
-------
clarification is achieved by adding water-insoluble combustible
powder and removing the resulting floes. Fuel oil concentrations
decreased from 10,000 ppm to 120 ppm.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18).
Entry #115848t.
P-296-74
FIXED UNDERSEA TANK FOR THE STORAGE OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF CRUDE OIL
Technomare SpA
French Patent 2,225,356
The storage tank consists of a concave base and a metal dome. A
rubberized fabric membrane separates the oil from the water and
stretches to fill the tank. The assembly can be flooded regularly
under control. No pollution of the surrounding water occurs.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(19).
Entry #204,709.
P-297-74
UNDERWATER SITUATED STORAGE TANK FOR CRUDE OIL
Technomare SpA
Netherlands Patent 7,404,848
This anchored deepwater tank will store a large volume of crude oil
without polluting nearby waters. Filled with crude oil, the tank
weighs enough to rest stable on the sea bottom. The tank consists
of a metal cap, an elastic membrane and a foundation plate.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(11).
Entry #202,195.
P-298-74-
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING OIL-WATER MIXTURES FROM OIL PRODUCTION
Texaco Development Corporation
British Patent 1,362,313
An apparatus for the separation of oil from waste water from oil
production consists of an elongated caisson, whose lower end is
submerged in water, with panels spaced longitudinally and forming
a vertically aligned passage. Oil separates from waste water flowing
down the passage and accumulates under the panels, from where it
is removed.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(22).
Entry #142033e.
307
-------
P-299-74
SEPARATION OF OIL AND WATER
Ueda, K.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 87,577
The treatment of oily waste water with an oil absorbent, and the
method of separating the oil from the absorbent by the addition of
a hydrocarbon containing fluorine are described.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(10).
Entry #64144a.
P-300-74
DEVICE FOR COLLECTING OIL FROM THE SURFACE OF WATER
Van Dieden, A. F.
Canadian Patent 959,423
An absorbent roller is positioned at the rear end of an upward
sloping channel which has its front end below the oil/water
interface and the rear end above. The roller is driven to absorb
oil with which it comes in contact. The device is equipped with
an abutment which engages the roller to squeeze out absorbed liquid
and an oil catchment area to catch the discharged oil. The device
floats or can be supported.
Citation Source: Petroleum Abstracts. 1975. 15(7).
Entry #200,921.
P-301-74
OIL REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS EMULSION WASTES
Von Preen, W.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,321,749
Waste oil-in-water emulsions are separated by heating under pressure
to a temperature high enough to decompose the emulsifier. The
mixture is then cooled and separated.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(14).
Entry #89848w.
308
-------
P-302-74
BREAKING OF LUBRICATING OIL EMULSIONS
Wochner, W.
German Offenlegungsschriften 2,318,657
The speed of breaking waste lubricating oil-in-water emulsions was
greatly increased by reducing the pH to 2-3, then immediately
neutralizing the mixture.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(18).
Entry #114005d.
P-303-74
PURIFICATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCE-CONTAINING WASTE WATER BY
ELECTROLYSIS
Yamazaki, H., S. Yoshida, and Y. Tsuda
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 74 122,146
Purification of waste water containing organic substances, i.e. oil,
and water-soluble electrolytes, is accompanied by electrolysis.
The electrolyzer has a 0.9% C-containing steel or cast iron anode
and a graphite cathode applying direct current.
Citation Source: Chemical Abstracts. 1975. 82(22).
Entry #144679u.
309
-------
TOPIC CROSS REFERENCE
Reporting: C-864-74, C-1011-74, C-1065-74, C-1168-74, C-1179-74,
C-1308-74
Monitoring: C-829-74, C-842-74, C-849-74, C-859-74, C-863-74,
C-984-74, C-985-74, C-1053-74, C-1101-74, C-1261-74,
C-l302-74
Remote Sensing: C-819-74, C-821-74, C-897-74
Sampling: C-803-74, C-805-74, C-806-74, C-873-74, C-877-74, C-1029-74,
C-1035-74, C-1044-74, C-1261-74, C-1291-74
Analysis: C-805-74, C-807-74, C-808-74, C-811-74, C-812-74, C-813-74,
C-814-74, C-833-74, C-834-74, C-835-74, C-987-74, C-993-74,
C-1035-74, C-1251-74, C-1263-74; C-1267-74, C-1278-74,
C-1279-74, C-1292-74, R-217-74, P-255-74, P-258-74
Containment: C-963-74, C-1171-74, C-1294-74, P-190-74, P-197-74, P-198-74,
P-200-74, P-212-74, P-215-74, P-217-74, P-237-74, P-245-74,
P-247-74, P-264-74, P-284-74, P-285-74
Cleanup and Recovery: C-793-74, C-797-74, C-837-74, C-861-74, C-872-74,
C-902-74, C-903-74, C-906-74, C-909-74, C-910-74,
C-914-74, C-967-74, C-974-74, C-976-74, C-977-74,
C-979-74, C-1004-74, C-1017-74, C-1026-74, C-1027-74,
C-1037-74, C-1058-74, C-1062-74, C-llll-74, C-1128-74,
C-1153-74, C-1158-74, C-1159-74, C-1160-74, C-1161-74,
C-1164-74, C-1171-74, C-1277-74, C-1290-74, C-1294-74,
C-1296-74, C-1307-74, C-1308-74, P-189-74, P-191-74,
P-193-74, P-194-74, P-195-74, P-199-74, P-205-74,
P-207-74, P-208-74, P-209-74, P-210-74, P-211-74,
P-213-74, P-214-74, P-218-74, P-220-74, P-221-74,
P-222-74, P-223-74, P-224-74, P-225-74, P-226-74,
P-227-74, P-228-74, P-229-74, P-230-74, P-231-74,
P-232-74, P-233-74, P-234-74, P-235-74, P-238-74,
P-239-74, P-240-74, P-241-74, P-242-74, P-243-74,
P-246-74, P-247-74, P-248-74, P-249-74, P-250-74,
P-251-74, P-252-74, P-256-74, P-257-74, P-260-74,
P-262-74, P-267-74, P-270-74, P-274-74, P-275-74,
P-276-77, P-277-74, P-279-74, P-281-74, P-282-74,
P-288-74, P-293-74, P-294-74, P-295-74, P-299-74,
P-301-74, P-303-74
Restoration: C-936-74, C-942-74, C-956-74, C-964-74, C-1005-74, C-1309-74,
P-263-74
1) Biological effects of oil pollution: C-793-74, C-794-74, C-798-74,
C-801-74, C-836-74, C-839-74, C-876-74, C-879-74, C-880-74,
C-881-74, C-967-74, C-973-74, C-1074-74, C-1076-74, C-1098-74,
C-1175-74, C-1246-74, C-1255-74, C-1256-74, C-1281-74,
C-1281-74, C-1289-74, C-1291-74, C-1296-74
310
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2) Physical effects of oil pollution: C-797-74, C-834-74
3) Social effects of oil pollution: C-1073-74, C-1078-74, C-1079-74
4) Economic effects of oil pollution: C-797-74, C-801-74 C-818-74
C-967-74, C-972-74, C-1033-74, C-1067-74, C-1069-74, '
C-1070-74, C-1299-74, C-1304-74, C-1306-74, C-1323-74,
R-309-74
5) Chemical effects of oil pollution: C-889-74, C-997-74, C-1010-74,
C-1012-74, C-1013-74, C-1048-74
6) General effects of oil pollution: C-793-74, C-798-74, C-896-74,
C-1034-74, C-1106-74, C-1227-74, C-1291-74, C-1295-74
Design and engineering: C-802-74, C-809-74, C-810-74, C-837-74,
C-904-74, C-905-74, C-907-74, C-923-74, C-925-74, C-926-74,
C-927-74, C-928-74, C-934-74, C-937-74, C-949-74, C-950-74,
C-951-74, C-952-74, C-953-74, C-955-74, C-962-74, C-1109-74,
C-1121-74, C-1143-74, C-1176-74, C-1184-74, C-1190-74,
C-1304-74, P-189-74, P-197-74, P-201-74, P-286-74, P-297-74
Oil handling: C-791-74, C-795-74, C-1102-74, C-1127-74, C-1142-74,
C-1162-74, C-1165-74, C-1168-74, C-1181-74, C-1189-74,
C-1191-74, C-1298-74, P-189-74, P-192-74, P-208-74,
P-220-74, P-236-74, P-253-74, P-298-74
Waste water treatment: C-809-74, C-812-74, C-951-74, C-1042-74,
C-1100-74, C-1101-74, C-1123-74, C-1189-74, P-196-74,
P-203-74, P-204-74, P-206-74, P-216-74, P-219-74, P-244-74,
P-246-74, P-249-74, P-250-74, P-252-74, P-254-74, P-259-74,
P-261-74, P-265-74, P-266-74, P-268-74, P-269-74, P-271-74,
P-272-74, P-273-74, P-278-74, P-280-74, P-283-74, P-286-74,
P-287-74, P-289-74, P-290-74, P-291-74, P-292-74, P-294-74,
P-296-74, P-299-74, P-300-74, P-302-74, P-304-74
Personnel training and education: C-954-74, P-960-74, P-1069-74,
.P-1108-74, P-1176-74
1) Biological effects of oil prospecting and production:
C-1046-74, C-1057-74, C-1204-74, C-1211-74, C-1214-74,
C-1215-74, C-1222-74, C-1225-74, C-1226-74, C-1232-74,
C-1235-74, C-1238-74, C-1242-74
2) Physical effects: C-ll93-74
3) Social effects: C-l083-74, C-l224-74
4) Economic effects: C-1200-74, C-1201-74, C-1202-74, C-1224-74
5) General effects: C-1087-74, C-1096-74, C-1108-74, C-1170-74,
C-1180-74, C-1192-74, C-1321-74
311
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Regulations, standards and planning: C-794-74, C-804-74, C-918-74,
C-932-74, C-956-74, C-959-74, C-961-74, C-965-74, C-1006-74,
C-1069-74, C-1082-74, C-1187-74, C-1211-74, C-1227-74,
C-1282-74, C-1297-74, C-1298-74, C-1301-74, C-1302-74,
C-1305-74, C-1311-74, C-1312-74, C-1313-74, C-1316-74
Research: C-791-74, C-796-74, C-821-74, C-911-74, C-912-74, C-913-74,
C-939-74, C-1110-74, C-1115-74, C-1143-74, C-1190-74,
C-1233-74, C-1282-74. C-1287-74, C-1288-74, R-291-74
Biological degradation of oil in the environment: C-800-74, C-836-74,
C-1123-74, C-1140-74, C-1183-74, R-102-74, P-214-74, P-260-74
Chemical changes of oil in the environment: C-1257-74, C-1274-74
Physical changes of oil in the environment: C-848-74, C-1008-74,
C-1195-74, C-1196-74, C-1243-74, C-1283-74, C-1285-74
General fate of oil in the environment: C-800-74, C-807-74, C-867-74,
C-869-74, C-882-74, C-893-74, C-896-74, C-970-74, C-1025-74,
C-1033-74, C-1036-74, C-1051-74, C-1066-74, C-1273-74,
C-1283-74, C-1284-74
State legislation: C-865-74, C-1119-74, C-1172-74, C-1178-74
National legfslation: C-1075-74, C-1078-74, C-1082-74, C-1119-74,
C-1143-74, C-1198-74, C-1313-74
International legislation: C-980-74, C-1075-74, C-1093-74, C-1163-74,
C-1169-74, C-1300-74, C-1318-74, C-1320-74
Foreign legislation: C-1119-74
Bibliographies: C-1047-74
312
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APPENDIX
Journals Scanned
Abstracts on Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants
Atnbio
American Fisheries Society Newsletter
American Fisheries Society Transactions
Ameri can Naturali st
App1i ed Mi crobiol ogy
Applied Science & Technology Index
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts
Atlantic Naturalist
Audubon
Auk: A Quarterly Journal of Ornithology
Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
Australian Science Index
Biological Abstracts
Bioscience
Bird Study
British Birds
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Bulletin of Marine Science
California Fish and Game
Chemical Abstracts
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Week
Chemistry in Canada
Critical Reviews in Environmental Control
Crustaceana
Current Contents: Life Sciences
Current Contents: Physical and Chemical Sciences
Deep-Sea Research
Ecoloaical Abstracts
Ecological Monographs
Ecological Society of America Bulletin
Ecology Law Quarterly
Environment
Environment Abstracts
Environmental Action
Environmental Health and Pollution Control
Environmental Letters
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Science & Technology
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science
Geotimes
Government Reports Announcements
Hydrobiologia
International Aerospace Abstracts
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology
313
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Journal of Chromatography
Journal of Ecology
Journal of Environmental Sciences
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
Journal of Fish Biology
Journal of Natural History
Journal of Petroleum Technology
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Limnology and Oceanography
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Journal
Marine Biology
Marine Fisheries Review
Marine Geology
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Marine Science Contents Tables
Marine Technology Society, Journal •
Maritime Research Information Service Abstracts
National Fisherman
National Petroleum News
National Research Council, News Report
National Wildlife
Natural History
Nature
Nautilus
Nippon Suisan Gakkai Shi. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of
Scientific Fisheries
Ocean Industry
Ocean Oil Weekly Report
Oceanic Abstracts
Oceans
Oceanus
Offshore
Oil and Gas Journal
Our Sun
Outdoor California
Pacific Oil World
Petroleum Abstracts
Petroleum Today
Pollution Abstracts
Proceedings in Print
Remote Sensing of the Environment
Resources
Royal Society of London, Proceedings, Series B, Biological Sciences
Sea Frontiers
Sea Secrets
Science
Science News
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Selected References on Environmental Quality
Selected Water Resources Abstracts
Sierra Club, San Francisco, Bulletin
The Ecologist
314
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The Engineering Index
The Geological Society of America Bibliography and Index of Geology
Toxicity Bibliography
Underwater Naturalist
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Water Pollution Control Federation, Journal
Water Research
Water Resources Research: A Journal of the Sciences of Water
Western Fisheries
315
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-76-129
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI»NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
May 1975 - July 1975
5. REPORT DATE
July 1976 (Issuing Date)
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Floyd A. DeWitt, Jr., Penelope Melvin, and
Robin M. Ross
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California
1.0. PROGRAM ELEMENT1MO.
1BB041; ROAP 21BEA; TASK 008
93106
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-803063
2. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Quarterly, May - July 1975
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
5. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
See also EPA-670/2-75-003, PB-240 719; EPA-670/2-75-044, PB-242 542; EPA-670/2-75-059,
PB-243 724; EPA-600/2-76-113; EPA-600/2-76-185; and EPA-600/2-76-215
6. ABSTRACT
The May 1975 - July 1975 Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports is the fourth quarterly
compilation of oil spill events and oil pollution report summaries. Presented in
the report are: (a) summaries of oil spill events; (b) summaries and bibliographic
literature citations; (c) summaries of current research projects; and (d) patent
summaries. This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA Grant No. R-803063
by the Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, under the
sponsorship of the Environmental Protection Agency.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
*Bibliographies
*Summaries
*Patents
*Documents
*Research
Oil pollution
Oil spill events
Oil spill research
Oil pollution control
Oil pollution patents
13B
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
316
OU.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1976-657-695/5471
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Edison, New Jersey 08817
We are requesting your assistance upon receiving this report ("Oil
Spill and Oil Pollution Reports, May 1975 - July 1975").
Is the information usable?
Is the format helpful?
We invite your comments and suggestions. Thank you.
2
0)
Name
Organization
Address .
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an IA
stamp
Mr. J. S. Dorrler
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Edison, New Jersey 08817
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