EPA-600/2-76-141
May 1976
Environmental Protection Technology Series
PARTICULATE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY
MEASUREMENTS ON AN ELECTROSTATIC
PRECIPITATOR INSTALLED ON A
PAPER MILL RECOVERY BOILER
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further development and application of
environmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2, Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
TECHNOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and
demonstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent
environmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This
work provides the new or improved technology required for the control and
treatment of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
EPA REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval
does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policy of the Agency, nor does mention of trade
names or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/2-76-141
May 1976
PARTICULATE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY
MEASUREMENTS ON AN
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR INSTALLED
ON A PAPER MILL RECOVERY BOILER
by
John P. Gooch, G. H. Merchant, Jr., and Larry G. Felix
Southern Research Institute
2000 Ninth Avenue South
Birmingham, Alabama 35205
Contract No. 68-02-2114, Task 1
ROAPNo. 21ADL-027
Program Element No. 1AB012
EPA Project Officer: Leslie E. Sparks
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Research and Development
Washington, DC 20460
EPA-RTF LIBRARY
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Table of Contents
Section Page
I Summary and Conclusions 1
II Introduction 2
III Measurement Techniques ...... 3
IV Results 7
V Acknowledgments 12
Appendix 35
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List of Tables
Table No. Page
1 Mass Train Results 13
2 Total Average Particulate Concentrations
from Impactors and Mass Train 14
3 Average Electrostatic Precipitator
Performance 14
4 Gas Analysis 15
5 Average Electrical Operating Conditions
During Sampling Periods 15-16
6 Outlet U. of W. Impactor Runs 17
7 Outlet Andersen Impactor Runs 18
8 Comparison of Computed and Measured Mass
Collection Efficiency 19
11
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List of Figures
Figure No. Page
1 Sample Extraction-Dilution System 20
2 V-I Curves for #2 Unit Obtained on 11/13/75 .. 21
3 Inlet size distributions obtained with the
Brink Impactors 11/19/75 22
4 Inlet size distributions obtained with the
Brink Impactors 12/16-17/75 23
5 Outlet size distributions obtained with the
U. of W. Impactors 11/17-19/75 24
6 Outlet size distributions obtained with the
U. of W. Impactors 12/16-17/75 25
7 Inlet size distributions on log-probability
co-ordinates 11/19/75 26
8 Inlet size distributions on log-probability
co-ordinates 12/16-17/75 27
9 Outlet size distributions on log-probability
co-ordinates 11/17-19/75 28
10 Outlet size distributions on log-probability
co-ordinates 12/16-17/75 29
11 Inlet and Outlet differential mass distributions
11/17-19/75 30
12 Inlet and Outlet differential number distri-
butions 11/17-19/75 31
13 Outlet differential mass distribution from
Andersen Impactors 11/17-19/75 32
14 Measured and theoretically calculated
fractional efficiency 11/17-19/75 33
15 Impactor determined fractional efficiencies
12/16-17/75 34
111
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SECTION I
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Fractional and overall collection efficiency measurements were
made on an electrostatic precipitator collecting "salt cake"
from a Kraft recovery boiler. The mass median diameter of the
particulate entering the collector was approximately 1.0 ym,
and the minimum average collection efficiency in the 0.1 to 2.0
ym diameter range was 99.92%. Size distributions at the pre-
cipitator inlet and outlet were measured with cascade impactors
and an electrical aerosol analyzer. Overall mass efficiency
measurements, based on a mass train with an in-stack filter,
ranged from 99.92 to 99.96%. Fair agreement was obtained
between the total mass loadings obtained with the mass trains
and the impactors.
The average precipitator operating conditions during the test
period were: secondary voltage and current density values of,
47.1 kV and 32.6 x 10 9 amps/cm2, a specific collecting area
of 114 m2/(m3/sec), a temperature of 198°C, and a gas velocity
of 0.76 m/sec.
-1-
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SECTION II
INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results obtained from a performance
test conducted by Southern Research Institute on an electro-
static precipitator collecting "salt cake" from a Kraft recovery
boiler. The objectives of the test were (1) to determine the
overall particulate collection efficiency of the electrostatic
precipitator, (2) to compare the measured performance of the
precipitator with that projected from a mathematical model. The
appendix to this report presents data reduction procedures for
the impactors and the ultrafine particle sizing instruments used
during the test program. Raw data sets obtained from the in-
struments are also presented.
The electrostatic precipitator on which this test was conducted
is a wire and plate design with six electrical sections in series
in the direction of gas flow. Plate-to-plate spacing is 25.4 cm
(10 inches), and the parallel plate collecting electrode length
is 11.087 m long (36*4V1) and 9.144 m high (30 ft). Each elec-
trical set powers 70 gas passages. The total collecting area is
14194.7 m2 (152,796 ft2). The precipitator was designed with a
specific collection area of approximately 100.25 m2/(m3/sec)
(509 ft2/1000 ACFM). The test series was conducted at a boiler
firing rate of 794.9 1/min (210 gal/min) which resulted in an
average specific collection area of 114 m2/(m3/sec) (579 ft2/
1000 ACFM).
Pneumatic rappers are utilized for the removal of the particulate
on both the emitting and collecting electrodes. The emitting
electrodes consist of two #9 wires which are twisted together
[estimated diameter of 7.52 mm (.296")] and which are 9.67 m long
(31'8 3/4"). This precipitator is considered to be a "dry bottom"
unit which employs a drag scrapper for removal of the particulate.
-2-
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SECTION III
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
MASS CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS
Mass loading determinations were conducted at the inlet and
outlet sampling locations with in-stack filters. Glass fiber
thimbles were used at the inlet to collect the particulate mass
and conditioned Gelman 47 mm filters were used at the outlet
and as back up filters at the inlet. The sampling probe used
at the outlet was heated and contained a pitot tube to monitor
the velocity at each sampling location. Due to spatial limita-
tions at the inlet, the inlet sampling probe was not heated nor
did it contain a pitot tube. A pitot traverse was obtained in
each sampling port before and after each inlet mass loading de-
termination. The pitot readings which were obtained before each
inlet measurements were used to obtain as near an isokinetic
traverse as possible. A 40 point isokinetic traverse across the
stack was conducted at the precipitator outlet. The Gelman 47 mm
filters were weighed before and after each test in the field on a
Cahn electrobalance, whereas the inlet thimbles were weighed in
the laboratory before and after the test due to the absence of a
suitable balance at the test site.
GAS ANALYSIS MEASUREMENTS
The concentrations of sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, and the moisture content of the flue gas were
determined at the inlet of the precipitator. The sulfur trioxide
samples were collected by a condensation method while the sulfur
dioxide was collected in a hydrogen peroxide solution, which
oxidized the sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide. Each of the
sampling techniques for the oxides of sulfur produced a sample
for analysis that was a dilute sulfuric acid. The concentration
of acid (specifically SO2 and SO3) was determined by barium
perchlorate titration using thorin indicator.
-3-
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The percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide were determined
by the use of Fyrite gas analyzers. The moisture content of
the flue gas was determined by pulling a known volume of gas
through a preweighed packed drierite column.
V-I MEASUREMENTS
Secondary voltages were obtained on five of the six transformers
by the precipitator vendor on November 13, 1975. Voltage divider
resisters were attached to the high voltage side of the trans-
formers and the secondary voltage calculated from the voltage drop
across the measurement resistor. -As the transformer settings were man-
ually increased, the secondary currents were recorded from the panel
meters in the precipitator control room.
Primary voltages and currents and secondary currents were re-
corded during each test day. The secondary voltage for each
test day was then determined from the V-I curves obtained pre-
viously.
OPACITY MEASUREMENTS
A Lear Siegler RM41p portable optical transmissometer was used
at the outlet sampling location to measure the opacity of the
stack. The portable transmissometer has an optical path length
of two meters and compensation circuitry for determining opacity
in terms of the stack exit diameter.- All opacity measurements in
this report are given in terms of a two-meter optical path length.
PARTICLE SIZE MEASUREMENTS
ParticTe~size-and .concentration measurements were conducted using
the following methods: (1) inertial techniques using cascade
impactors for determining concentrations and size distributions on
a mass basis for particles having diameters between approximately
.2 ym and 10.0 ym, (2) optical techniques for determining con-
-4-
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centrations and size distributions for particles having dia-
meters between approximately 0.3 ym and 2.0 ym, (3) an electri-
cal mobility analyzer for size and concentration measurements
in the diameter range 0.015 to 0.3 ym.
Andersen and University of Washington (U. of W.) Impactors were
used at the outlet while Brink Impactors were used to sample at
the inlet. A substrate-gas interference problem was noted during
the preliminary tests with both conditioned and unconditioned
glass fiber substrates. Therefore, aluminum foil substrates
were used with the Brink and U. of W. Impactors. Due to the
complicated jet configuration of the Andersen stages, only glass
fiber substrates may be used. These were preconditioned by over-
night exposure to the flue gas. Blank runs with aluminum and glass
fiber substrates were run daily. The particulate sampled at
St. Regis was very adhesive and it was possible to operate at
higher than normal flow rates. A flow rate of 3.8 x 10 5 m3/sec
(.08 cfm) was used for the Brink Impactor, and 3.8 x 10 "* m3/sec
(.8 cfm) was used for both the Andersen and U. of W. Impactors.
The inlet duct was rectangular and had 16 horizontal ports, of
which six ports at evenly spaced intervals were used for impactor
sampling. Each of these six ports was sampled once a day using a
Brink Impactor with a 2 mm nozzle by conducting a 2-point traverse.
The Brink Impactors were run with stages 0-5 and the back up filter.
The outlet stack was round with a 2.74 m (91) ID with two ports
90° apart. A 12-point traverse was conducted at each port. Run
times were 30 minutes to 60 minutes. One Andersen and two U. of W.
impactor tests were conducted each day, all with 4.75 mm 90° nozzles,
The impactors were not externally heated.
A system based on the use of two techniques, particle mobility
analysis and single particle light scattering, was used for ob-
taining essentially real time data on concentration and size
-5-
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distribution over the range of particle diameters from 0.01 ym
to about 2 ym. The data obtained with this sytem is on a volume
concentration by number rather than weight basis. Two types of
mobility analyses were considered for use in this test: (1)
diffusional methods based on particle losses resulting from
Brownian motion causing particles to contact and adhere to the
walls of a set of "diffusion batteries" (a set of high surface
area to volume flow channels through which the sample gas stream
is passed under controlled flow conditions) and (2) electrical
mobility analysis. The latter method operates by placing a known
charge on the particles and precipitating the particles under
closely controlled conditions. Size selectivity is obtained by
varying the electric field in the precipitator section of the
mobility analyzer. Charged particle mobility is monotonically
related to particle diameter in the operating regime of the in-
strument (0.01 to 0.3 ym). Because of the instrument's compactness
(29.5 kg) and the short measurement time (2 minutes) required for
obtaining size distributions with the electrical mobility method as
compared to the diffusional method, (136 kg and 2 hours) the former
was selected for use on this test (a Thermosystems Model 3030
Electrical Aerosol Analyzer). An optical single particle counter
(Royco 225) was used in parallel with the mobility analyzer to provide
size distribution data over the approximate diameter range from
0.3 to 2 ym.
None of the instruments for the above techniques can operate with
raw flue gases as sample streams nor can they cope with the par-
ticle concentrations encountered in the flue gas. Thus this system
is based on extractive sampling with a metered sample being diluted
with clean dry air, to both condition the sample and reduce the
particle concentrations to levels within the operating limits of the
instruments. The required dilution typically ranges from 10:1 to
1000:1 depending on the particulate source and the location of the
sampling point (i.e., upstream or downstream of the control device).
A diagrammatic representation of the system is shown in Figure 1.
-6-
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SECTION IV
RESULTS
MASS CONCENTRATION AND GAS ANALYSIS
Table 1 presents results obtained from the mass train measure-
ments at the inlet and outlet sampling locations. Acceptable
data was not obtained at the inlet with the mass train during
the sampling period November 17 through November 19, 1975.
Therefore, a second measurement series was conducted on December
16 and 17, 1975. The second measurement series was conducted
under essentially identical boiler operating conditions as was
the earlier test program, and the mass train inlet data from
this time period can therefore be used to calculate overall
collection efficiency for the precipitator. Both impactor and
mass train measurements were conducted at the inlet and outlet
during the December test period.
The data in Table 1 indicate that boiler operation and precipi-
tator performance were relatively stable during the two test
periods. However, the outlet mass concentrations during the
December sampling period were about 50% less than those deter-
mined during the previous month. Table 2, which compares im-
pa~ctor and mass train total particulate loadings, shows that
fair agreement was obtained between results from the indicated
measurement systems. 'Table 3 gives the average collection
efficiency of the precipitator from the mass train data. The
outlet flow volume is considered to be more accurate because of
traversing difficulties which were encountered at the inlet
sampling Icoation.
Gas composition data are presented in Table 4. The flue gas
contains high water vapor concentrations and relatively low
sulfur oxide levels.
-7-
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VOLTAGE-CURRENT MEASUREMENTS
Figure 2 shows the secondary voltage and current relationships
obtained as described in Section III. Operating values of
current and voltage obtained during the sampling periods are
given in Table 5. The voltage-current characteristics are
typical of those exhibited by precipitators collecting dust
with a low electrical resistivity. The indicated variation
in current density from day to day may have been caused by
varying thickness of "salt cake" on the electrodes, which would
in turn vary the effective electrode spacing. A laboratory
measurement of the resistivity of the "salt cake" collected in
this precipitator was conducted in a gas environment with a
volume composition of 15% H20, 5% 02, 13% COz, 500 ppm SOa, and
the balance nitrogen. The measurement gave a resistivity value of
2.5 x 108 ohm cm at 200°C with an applied electric field of 2 kv/cm.
OPACITY MEASUREMENTS
The baseline opacity of the exit stack indicated by the Lear
Siegler RM41p portable optical transmissometer was relatively
stable at 1% during the November sampling period. Spikes in
the transmissometer output, presumably caused by rapping puffs,
were observed at intervals. The average opacity indicated for
the spikes was about 2%.
PARTICLE SIZE MEASUREMENTS
"Table 6jgives stage weights from U. of W. impactor blank and real
runs using aluminum foil substrates. These data show that the
blank weight gains are a small fraction of the gains obtained
during the real runs. Analogous data from Andersen runs are
presented in(Table ?7)and the data indicate that the blank weight
gains experienced using conditioned glass fiber substrates were
substantial. As a result of these weight gains, it was decided _
to base fractional efficiency calculations upon outlet data ob-
tained with the U. of W. impactors. The blank data correction
-8-
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factor for the Andersen data was calculated by averaging stage
weight gains. Any blank run determined to. have large handling
errors from substrates sticking to stage plates was deleted. A
differential size distribution obtained with the corrected Andersen
r> * ,.
data at the outlet is presented in a subsequent portion of this
discussion for 'comparative purposes only.
Figures^ 3 Andx 4 "present cumulative inlet size distributions ob-
tained with the Brink impactor at the inlet sampling location.
Outlet cumulative distributions from the U. of W. data are given
in Figures 5 and 6. These data are also presented on log-probability
co-ordinates in Figure 7 through 10. The inlet size distribution
data show that about 75% of the particulate mass entering the pre-
cipitator consists of particles smaller than 2.0 ym diameter, whereas
about 55% of the particulate mass exiting the collector is smaller
than 2.0 ym diameter.
Differential size distributions were computed, on both a mass and
number basis from the size and concentration data obtained with
the inertial impactors and the electrical aerosol analyzer. These
differential distributions have been plotted in Figure 11 on a
mass basis, and in Figure 12 on a number basis. The concentration
of particles in the 1 to 2 ym diameter range at the inlet was so
great that the optical particle counter was saturated at the
highest dilution ratio attainable with the dilution system. There-
fore, no useful efficiency information was obtained with this in-
strument.
A comparison of the differential size distributions obtained with
the two measurement techniques (inertial and electrical mobility)
indicates whether agreement was obtained in the regions of overlap.
This method of presenting the data also indicates the size regions
containing the greatest quantities of mass or number concentration.
The impactor data presented in Figure 11 show that, for both the
inlet and outlet locations, the greatest quantity of mass is con-
-9-
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tained in the 1 ym diameter region. Figure 11 also indicates
poor agreement between the impactor distributions and those ob-
tained with the electrical aerosol analyzer in the overlap regions.
Since the disagreement occurs at both the inlet and outlet, possible
causes are systematic losses of particles in the dilution system
and gas-phase interference problems with the impactor back up filter.
Figure 12 shows the manner in which the number distributions are
skewed toward the smallest particle sizes. In both Figures 11 and
12, the bars represent + one standard deviation from the mean.
Figure 13 contains outlet data from the Andersen runs corrected for
the average blank weight changes. A comparison of this data with
that from the U. of W. impactors in Figure 11 indicates that the
U. of W. data sets appear to be more consistent.
Figure 14 presents fractional efficiency results obtained during
the November sampling period with the electrical aerosol analyzer
and the inertial impactors. Note that the EAA and the impactor
show fair agreement in terms of collection efficiency in the
region of overlap. Figure 14 also contains theoretical fractional
efficiencies calculated from a mathematical model of the pre-
cipitator. These calculations will be discussed in the next
section. Figure 15 gives the fractional efficiency data obtained
with impactor measurements during the December sampling period. The
error bars represent the range +_ one standard deviation from the mean,
COMPARISON OF THEORETICAL AND MEASURED RESULTS
A mathematical model of electrostatic precipitation has been
developed by Southern Research Institute under another contract
for the Environmental Protection Agency.* This model has been
J. P., Jack R. McDonald and Sabert Oglesby, Jr., "A Mathe-
matical Model of Electrostatic Precipitation". EPA Report No.
EPA-650/2-75-037 prepared under Contract No. 68-02-0265 by Southern
Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, April 1975.
-10-
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used to simulate the operating conditions and geometry of the
precipitator on which this test series was conducted. Results
from the simulation are shown in Table 8 and Figure 14. The
operating conditions of November 19, 1975 were used in the model
to obtain the fractional efficiency curve shown in Figure 14.
In general it is expected that the theoretically calculated
fractional and overall efficiency should be above the experi-
mentally determined curve since most non-ideal effects which
exist in an actual precipitator would tend to decrease the per-
formance. However, it is clear from Table 8 and Figure 14 that
the model is under-predicting the performance of this precipitator
in the 0.10 to 1.5 ym diameter size range. The probable cause of
disagreement between theoretical and measured efficiencies for
larger particles is the reentrainment of particle agglomerates
from electrode rapping. It is believed that a major contributing
factor to the model's under-prediction of this unit's performance
is the approximate procedure which is currently used in the model
for estimating the effects of particulate space charge. The
significance of particulate space charge is more pronounced for
size distributions such as those measured at this installation,
in which higher concentrations of fine particles are present than
is the case for size distributions obtained at the inlet of ESP's
installed on pulverized coal-fired boilers. Research is currently
in progress with the objective of developing more accurate pro-
cedures for representing space charge effects.
ENERGY COSTS
The power consumption of the precipitator TR sets averaged 261
kw, or 2.1 kw/(m3/sec). If power costs are $0.01 kwh, the energy
costs for the TR sets would be about $63.00/day.
-11-
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SECTION V
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The particle size measurements given in this report were con-
ducted by members of the Physics Section.
Approved:
Grady B. Nichols, Head
Environmental Engineering
Division
Submitted by:
John P. Gooch, Head
Chemical Engineering Section
G. H. Marchant, Jr.
Associate Field Engineer
[MMM (s-
Larry G, Felix
Associate Physicist
-12-
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Table 1
Mass Train Results1
INLET
OUTLET
Run Number
Date
Stack Temp. °C
% Moisture
Velocity, m/sec
Volumetric Flow
am3/min
acfm
SDm3/min
Concentration
gm/SDm3
gin/am*
gr/aft3
% Isokinetic
Variation
1
12/16/75
194
25.6
12.4
6415
226533
2985
12.4
5.76
2.52
102
2
12/17/75
198
23.1
13.2
6835
241365
3242
14.08
6.68
2.92
100
3
12/17/75
211
23.4
13.3
6874
242753
3160
12.2
5.63
2.46
102
4
12/17/75
201
25.6
13.2
6797
240032
3090
13.8
6.32
2.76
105
1
11/17/75
196
24.5
22.2
7864
277728
3745
0.011
2
11/18/75
202
25.6
22.0
7790
275094
3615
0.009
3
11/18/75
193
25.8
21.4
7572
267384
3568
0.009
4
11/19/75
199
25.7
21.8
7749
273644
3608
0.011
5
11/19/75
193
26.1
21.8
7717
272537
3614
0.009
1 2
3
12/16/75 12/17/75 12/17/75
191 197
25.3 24.
20.4 20.
7155 7186
252661 253758
3394 3373
0.0046 0.
0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 0.0046 0.0023 0.
0.002
97
0.002
101
0.002
101
0.002
104
0.002
102
0.001 0.
97 105
197
6 24.9
4 20.5
7200
254249
3366
0046 0.0046
0023 0.0023
001 0.001
101
'standard condition defined as 1.0 atm and 21°C.
-13-
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Table 2
Total Average Particulate Concentrations
from Impactors and Mass Train
11/17/75 through
11/19/75
12/16/75 through
12/17/75
Particulate Concentration, gm/am
INLET OUTLET
U. of W.
Mass Train Brink Impactor Mass Train Impactor
6.10
5.35
4.55
0.0046
0.0023
0.0059
0.0027
Table 3
Average Electrostatic Precipitator Performance
(Mass Train Data)
Mass Collection
Efficiency, %
11/17/75 through
11/19/75
12/16/75 through
12/17/75
99.92
(1)
99.96
Specific Collection
Area, m2/m3/sec
110
(2)
118
(1) Based on inlet loading of 6.1 gm/am3.
(2) Based on outlet volume flow rate.
-14-
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Table 4
Gas Analysis
(Volume Compositions)
DATE
11/17/75
Date
11/17
11/28
11/19
TR NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Average
11/18/75
1
2
3
4
5
6
SOa , ppm
76
95
107
Average
Conditions
Average
Primary
Volts Amps
206
218
269
275
210
215
195
205
263
210
203
208
114.4
.8 177.4
258
.2 265.6
269.4
.6 270.6
.6 91
.9 133
.75 212.5
.9 236.25
.75 229.75
.75 236.5
Average
S03,ppm H20% 02%
Table
*0 26.7 7.0
1.4 25.6 7.5
0.6 26.1 7.0
5
CO 2
16.
15.
15.
%
0
5
0
Electrical Operating
During Sampling Periods
Secondary Current
KV
43.5
44.4
45.6
53
53.2
53
48.8
42
42.6
43.5
51
50.5
50.6
46.7
MA pA/ft*
367 14.4
660 25.9
1084 42.6
1136 44.6
1149 45.1
1125 44.2
299.4 11.8
457.5 18
860 33.8
980.625 38.5
932.5 36.6
943.75 37.1
Density
nA/cm
15
27
45
48
48
47
38
12
19
36
41
39
11
31
.5
.9
.8
.0
.5
.6
.9
.7
.4
.4
.4
.4
^_9_
.5
-15-
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Table 5
(Continued)
Average Electrical Operating
Conditions During Sampling Perioc
Average
Primary Secondary
DATE TR NO.
11/19/75 1
2
3
4
5
6
Average
12/16/75 1
2
3
4
5
6
Average
12/17/75 1
2
3
4
5
6
Overall Average
Volts
203.1
201.25
267.5
268.4
196.9
204.75
223.3
176.7
180
255
235
227
199.2
190
199.2
270
245
234.2
224
Amps
109.1
142.9
238.6
242.75
223.5
230.6
125
117.7
86.7
266
265
262.3
62.9
106.2
75.2
245.3
262.5
263.3
194
KV
43
43
44.8
51.6
50
50.3
47.1
44.2
41.8
37.2
53
52.8
52.2
46.9
41.5
41
36.2
51.8
52.6
52.3
45.9
47.1
MA
341.25
498.1
991.25
1015.6
897.5
917.5
416.7
390
306.7
1141.7
1121.7
1073.3
255
341.7
255
1031.7
1110
1083.3
Is
Current Density
yA/ft* nA/cnr
13.4
19.6
38.9
39.9
35.2
36.0
16.4
15.3
12.0
44.8
44
42.1
10
13.4
10
40.5
43.6
42.5
14.4
21.1
41.9
42.9
37.9
38.8
32.8
17.6
16.5
12.9
48.2
47.4
45.3
31.3
10.8
14.4
10.8
43.6
46.9
45.7
28.7
32.6
-16-
-------
Table 6
Outlet U. of W. Impactor Runs
Blank Runs and Real Runs
Run No.
Date
Time
Type of
Run Time
min.
SO
Si
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
SP
Average
Standard
SRO-7
11/17/75
7:40
Run Blank
48
WEIGHT GAINS
.05
.00
-.07
-.06
-.15
-.04
-.04
-.05
SRO-3
11/17/75
2:49
Real
48
ing
5.97
.87
.89
.82
1.46
1.55
.19
.18
Blank Run Stage Weight
Deviation
SRO-4
11/17/75
3:40
Real
48
.84
.11
.54
.31
.71
1.21
.2
.29
Gain x = .
a = .
SRO-12
11/18/75
1:00
Blank
50
.18
.08
.09
.08
.07
.01
.06
.06
03 mg
06 mg
SRO-9
11/18/75
9:50
Real
48
-.20
.29
.30
.18
.94
1.57
.32
-.19
SRO-13
11/18/75
3:30
Real
96
.72
.37
1.01
.63
2.04 :
2.85
.46
.35
SRO-18
11/19/75
4:00
Blank
96
.60.
.07
.06
.07
.06
.02
.08
-.02
SRO-16
11/19/75
11:22
Real
72
.53
1.19
.60
.31
.75
1.78
.85
.41
SRO-17
11/19/75
2:40
Real
96
1.01
.27
.80
.58
1.64
3.30
.77
.74
12/17/75
Blank
.03
.03
-.03
.02
.01
.02
.03
-.07
12/1
Real
3.54
.12
.46
.23
.61
1.75
1.-03
.32
-17-
-------
Table 7
Outlet Andersen Impactor Runs
Blank - Real Runs
oo
I
Run No.
Date
Time
Type of Run
Run Time
Substrate
WEIGHT GAINS
SO
SI
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
SF
X
a
SRO-102
11/18/75
10:43 am
Blank
48 min
GFF1
mg
.37
.24
.26
.19
.19
.07
1.173
.11
.07
.204
.099
SRO-5
11/17/75
6:00 pm
Real
^48 min
GFF
.72
.40
.53
.09
.38
1.43
1.25
.04
-.39"
Corrected
Real
.516
.196
.326
-.114"
.176
1.226
1.046
-.1641*
-.594"
X
a
SRO-15
11/19/75
10:25 am
Blank
96 min
GFF
.18
.14
.31
.24
.26
.25
.02
.37
.22
.221
.101
SRO-14
11/19/75
8:39 am
Real
72 min
GFF
.66
.34
1.62
.14
.42
.62
1.53
.50
-.14*
Corrected
Real
.439
.119
1.399
-.081"
.199
.399
1.309
. 279
-.361"
*GFF = Glass Fiber Filter
2Blank run on 11/17/75 was unusable
3Deleted from average
''Negative weight gains entered as zero in data analysis
-------
Table 8
Comparison of Computed and Measured
Mass Collection Efficiency
Date
11/17/75
11/18/75
11/19/75
12/16/75
12/17/75
Specific
Collection Area
m2/(m3/sec)
110
110
110
118
118
Collection Efficiency %
From Model From Test Data
99.75
99.54
99.63
99.66
99.44
99.92
99.92
99.92
99.96
99.96
-19-
-------
i
to
o
I
f
SIZING
INSTRUMENT
PROCESS EXHAUST LINE
ORIFICE WITH BALL AND SOCKET
JOINTS FOR QUICK RELEASE
SOX ABSORBERS (OPTIONAL)
HEATED INSULATED BOX
RECIRCULATED CLEAN, DRY. DILUTION AIR
O
FILTER BLEED NO. 2
COOLING COIL
CHARGE NEUTRALIZER
.^-"zZ-J
PRESSURE
BALANCING
LINE
DRYER
BLEED NO. 1
M) MANOMETER
Figure 1. Sample Extraction-Dilution System
-------
N)
H-
ifl
c
l-(
fD
SECONDARY CURRENT, mA
n
(D
01
Hi
O
H-
ft
O
cr
rt
DJ
H-
3
n>
-» ro co -u
^5 ^^ ^3 ^5
O O 0 O
1 1 1 1
1
U1 O
0 0
o o
1 1
vl 00 (O
§ § §
1 1 1
o
o
o
1
0
-> tvj
§ §
1 1
CXJOO
33 30 33 30 3)
O> *> W NJ -»
CURRENT DENSITY, nanoamps/cm2
-j
Ul
-------
A 0
n
o
s
CD
* * -*
A
V)
U)
2 io3
u
-,n2| I I I I I I
10° 101 102
PARTICLE DIAMETER (MICROMETERS)
Figure 3. Inlet size distributions obtained with the
Brink Impactors 11/19/75
22
-------
CJ
3 10*
Z
5
CO
UJ
I 103
O
102
I I
II
O
i
O
I I I
I 1 1
10-1
10° 101
PARTICLE DIAMETER (MICROMETERS)
102
Figure 4. Inlet size distributions obtained with the
Brink Impactors 12/16-17/75
23
-------
10
z
0
<
o
CO
co
Hi
1.0
(J
0.1
00
I I I
&
0»
a
CO
o
D
O
I I
0.1
1.0
10
100
PARTICLE DIAMETER,
Figure 5. Outlet size distributions obtained with the
U. of W. Impactors 11/17-19/75
24
-------
S «?
< 10
o
2
5
o
CO
<
ff
>
<
i1'0
U
a
o
tJ>
°-1l I I I I I I III] I III
0.1 1.0 10 100
PARTICLE DIAMETER, Hm
Figure 6. Outlet size distributions obtained with the
U. of W. Impactors 12/16-17/75
25
-------
10
i i r
i i r
E
HI
Q
LU
cc
<
Q.
1.0
AVERAGE TOTAL LOADINGS
5346.58 mg/ACM
0.1
I I L
i
i
I i I I I I
10 20 40 60 80 90
PERCENT LESS THAN INDICATED SIZE
95
98 99
Figure 7. Inlet size distributions on log-probability
co-ordinates 11/19/75
26
-------
10.0
i i r
i i i r
o
cc
o
1.0
o
i-
cc
AVERAGE TOTAL LOADING
4552.09 mg/ACM
0.1
I I I
_L
I . i
III!
10 20 40 60 80 90
PERCENT LESS THAN INDICATED SIZE
95 98 99
Figure 8. Inlet size distributions on log-probability
co-ordinates 12/16-17/75
27
-------
10
E
I-
LU
S
5 1.0
HI
cc
<
a.
0.1
AVERAGE TOTAL LOADING
5.93 mg/ACM
I I I
2 5 10 20 40 60 80 90 95 98 99
PERCENT LESS THAN INDICATED SIZE
Figure 9. Outlet size distributions on log-probability
co-ordinates 11/17-19/75
28
-------
10
E
3.
<
5
UJ
_l
o
cc
0.1
1 I I
AVERAGE TOTAL LOADING
2.745 mg/ACM
1 I I
I
2 5 10 20 40 60 80 90 95 98 99
PERCENT LESS THAN INDICATED SIZE
Figure 10. Outlet size distributions on log-probability
co-ordinates 12/16-17/75
29
-------
105
104
103
102
] I I I I I I I I I I I TTT I I M
o
CO
Q
v 10°
Q
O)
O
I 10-1
10-2
ID"4
10~5
.01
FILTER
'{I}
IT T
FILTER
Cl
II
I I I
I
O INLET ) EAA
D OUTLET / t-M'M-
INLET
[OUTLET
IMPACTORS
I ]
0.1
1
PARTICLE DIAMETER,
10
100
Figure 11.
Inlet and Outlet differential mass distributions
11/17-19/75
30
-------
1U~
108
107
106
^ 10*^
o
0
c/>
O
>
0)
o ..
dN/dlogD (Parti
i 5
102
.1
10°
10-1
0.
<
_t
01
I I I 1 1 . I I 1 1 , 1 . . 1 . ...
^ FILTER
srf
^1 i { \i l
. } 1^^
FT- - *f
i
i
I J.
"T
ftii' :
O INLET I p A . -^
0 OUTLET I t'A'A-
INLET I IMPACTORS I
OUTLET ) IMKACTORS
II
I I I I I 1 I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 III
0.1 1 10 10C
PARTICLE DIAMETER,
Figure 12. Inlet and Outlet differential number distri-
butions 11/17-19/75
31
-------
u
CO
O
a
0
O>
O
10°
10
i-1
ir~n i i TT
i i M i iii
November 17
November 19
10° 101 102
GEOMETRIC MEAN DIAMETER (MICRONS)
Figure 13. Outlet differential mass distribution from
Andersen Impactors 11/17-19/75
32
-------
NOVEMBER TEST
0.01 r
99.99
FROM MATHEMATICAL MODEL
PARTICLE SIZE, jum
Figure 14. Measured and theoretically calculated
fractional efficiency 11/17-19/75
33
-------
0.01
0.05:
o.i!^
0.2-
0.5:
99.99
ui
g
0.
30;
40|
50:
60L
0.1
1.0
GEOMETRIC DIAMETER,
Figure 15. Impactor determined fractional efficiencies
12/16-17/75
34
-------
APPENDIX
SAMPLE DATA REDUCTION CALCULATIONS FOR IMPACTOR (FINE) AND DIF-
FUSIONAL (ULTRAFINE) SIZING DATA
In this appendix we include information on how individual impactor
stage weights and run data are used to obtain the cumulative mass
distribution, AM/A log D, AN/A log D, and fractional efficiency
information cited in this report. Next we give the computer print-
outs for each impactor run. In a third section the data reduction
scheme used for obtaining ultrafine particle size distribution data
is explained. Finally, the ultrafine particle size distribution
data recorded for this test are included. In this test ultrafine
particle sizing data were obtained by electrical diffusional mobility
analysis.
-35-
-------
SAMPLE DATA REDUCTION CALCULATIONS
After an impactor run, it is necessary to obtain a particle size
distribution from the mass loading on each stage. The conditions
at which the impactor was run determine stage D5o cut points. These
are calculated by an iterative solution of the following two equations
(El)
(E2)
where
D50 = 1.43 x 10'
yDc
C = 1 +
2L
D5o x ID'
p QTP C472.0
Kp I o
..23 + 0.41 Exp (-0.44D50)/L x 10"
y =
D =
C
P =
s
p =
QT =
P =
C =
L
X(I)
the stage cut point (ym) ,
gas viscosity (poise) ,
stage jet diameter (cm) ,
local pressure at stage jet (atm) ,
particle density (gm/cm3),
impactor flow rate (cfm) ,
ambient pressure at impactor inlet (atm) ,
Cunningham Correction factor,
gas mean free path (cm) , and
number of holes per stage.
The easiest way to calculate these cut points is to write a computer
program. Otherwise, it is a tedious process. The size parameter
reported is either aerodynamic equivalent diameter, that is, diameter
based on the settling velocity of unit density particles, or approx-
imate physical diameter, based on a measurement of the true particle
density. In either case, the particles are assumed to be spherical.
Certain of the values in equations El and E2 are calculated separately.
A brief discussion of each of these calculations follows.
To find the viscosity, of the flue gas, y, the viscosity of the pure
gas components of the flue gas must first be found. Viscosity is a
-36-
-------
function of temperature, and the temperature difference in
different flue gases can be quite significant. The following
equations (derived from curves fitted to viscosity data from the
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Company Pub-
lisher, 54 Edition, 1973-1974, pp. F52-55), are used to find the
viscosities of C02(yi), C0(y2), N2(y3), 02(y4) and H20(y5).
(E3) yi = 138.494 + 0.499T - 0.267 x 10~3T2 + 0.972 x 10~7T3
(E4) y2 = 165.763 + 0.442T - 0.213 x 10~3T2
(E5) y3 = 167.086 + 0.417T - 0.139 x 10~3T2
(E6) y* = 190.187 + 0.558T - 0.336 x 10~3T2 + 0.139 x 10~6T3
(E7) ys = 87.800 + 0.374T + 0.238 x lO'^T2
where T is the temperature of the flue gas in degrees Celsius. The
units of y are 10~6 g/cm-sec. Next, these values of yi through ys
are used in a general viscosity equation for a mixture of any number
of components (See "A Viscosity Equation for Gas Mixtures" by C. R.
Wilke, Journal of Chemical Physics, Volume 8, Number 4, April 1950,
page 517) used to find the viscosity of the flue gas:.
n
^
y =
(E8)
\"lr₯
I Xi 1=1
where §. is given by the equation:
(E9)
(4//2) [
l +
-37-
-------
and
M = molecular weight of a component in the mixture,
X = mole fraction of a component in the mixture,
y = viscosity, g/cm-sec; yi, y2, etc. refer to the pure com-
ponents at the temperature and pressure of the mixture,
y is the viscosity of the mixture, and
<}> = dimensionless constant defined above.
To find the pressure PS.^ (in atmospheres) at each impactor stage
i, the following equation is used:
(E10) PS..^ = POA - (PI.)'(DP)
where POA is the gas pressure at the impactor inlet in atmospheres,
PI^ is the fraction of impactor pressure drop at each stage i, and
DP is the pressure drop across the impactor in atmospheres.
To find the gas mean free path 1^ (in centimeters) for each impactor
stage i, the following equation is used:
(Ell) L =
1.01325 x 106 PS-j f 3 MM
-x^E
3117 x10?
where y is the gas viscosity,
PS^ is the pressure at each impactor stage i,
Tk is the gas temperature at the impactor stage in degrees
Kelvin, and
MM is the average molecular weight of the flue gas.
Procedures for presenting the particle size distribution in graphical
and tabular form are outlined below. A sample computer printout is
shown on page 53 which includes reduced data from a hypothetical test,
It is assumed for this sample calculation that an Andersen Stack
Sampler was used to collect the particulate.
-38-
-------
Information obtained from the data log sheets for each test is
printed at the top of the sheet. The maximum particle diameter
is measured by examining the particles collected on the first
stage (or first cyclone) through an optical microscope. Gas
analysis samples are taken at the same time the impactor is run.
The mass loading is calculated from the total mass of the partic-
culate collected by the impactor and listed in four different
units after the heading CALC. MASS LOADING. The units are de-
fined as:
GR/AGF - grains per actual cubic foot of gas at stack conditions
of temperature, pressure, and water content.
GR/DSCF - grains per dry standard cubic foot of gas at standard
conditions of the gas. Standard conditions are defined as 0% water
content, 70°F, and 29.92 inches of Hg.
MG/ACM - milligrams per actual cubic meter of gas at stack conditions
of temperature, pressure, and water content.
MG/DSCM - milligrams per dry standard cubic meter of gas at stan-
dard conditions of the gas. Standard conditions are defined as 0%
water content, 21°C and 760 mm of Hg.
Below these data the information pertinent to each stage is summar-
ized in columnar form in order of decreasing particle size from
left to right. Thus SI is the first stage, S8 is the last stage,
and FILTER is the back-up filter. If a cyclone was used, then to
the left of SI a column labelled CYC will appear and information
relevant to the cyclone will be listed in this column. Beneath
each impactor stage number is listed the corresponding stage
index members, which also serve as identification for the stages.
Directly beneath these listings is the stage cut point calculated
from Equations El and E2 for the actual test conditions. It is
labelled D5o and is given in micrometer units. The stage weights
are likewise listed for the respective stages, labelled MASS and
are in milligram units.
-39-
-------
The mass loadings per unit volume of gas sampled indicated by
the stage weights are labelled MG/DSCM/STAGE and are written in
milligrams per dry standard cubic meter. The /STAGE indicates
that it is not a cumulative. It is calculated for a particular
stage j by the formula
MASS .
MG/DSCM/STAGE . = SAMPLING DURATION (minuteS)
35.314667 cubic feet/cubic meter Absolute Stack Temperature
X FLOWRATE (ACFM) Absolute Standard Temperature
Absolute Standard Pressure - 1
Absolute Stack Pressure (1-Fraction of
where absolute means the temperature and pressure are in absolute
units-degrees Rankin or degrees Kelvin for temperature, and atmos-
pheres, inches or millimeters of mercury for pressure.
For SI,
Mr/ c / _ .72 mg 35.314667 cubic feet/cubic meter
JYl\J/ Uo t-jyi/ O -L /\O£j I " *-\ r\" J X ~ A ' ' ' A"" ~r- f\ f\ ' *» s-i-r-iir
20 mm. 0.500 ACFM
(400 + 460)°R 29.92 in. Hg 1
x (70 + 460) UR X 26.50 in. Hg x (1.0 - 0.01)
The subscripts indicate stage index numbers.
The percent of the mass of particles with diameters smaller than
the corresponding D5o is called the CUMULATIVE PERCENT OF MASS
SMALLER THAN D50. It is the cumulative mass at stage j divided
by the toal mass collected on all the stages, and converted to a
percentage:
9
^
^t1-. » x 100
Total Mass
For example, for S6, the cumulative percent is given by
CUM %. = ^
CUM ,. . t «"«
= 1-25 me, + 0.04 mg + 0.39 mg . 32_Q6%
5.24 mg
-40-
-------
For S8, the mass of the particulate collected on the filter
is used,
* *
= 7.44%
Note that the apparent error in the decimal places of the cal-
culated percentages is due to using masses from the computer
print-out which have been rounded off to two decimal places
before printing.
The cumulative mass loading of particles smaller in diameter than
the corresponding D50 in milligrams per actual cubic meter (CUM.
(MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN D50) for a particular stage j is given by
the formula
CUM (MG/ACM) - i=J + 1 x 35'314667 cubic feet/cubic meter
u 7 ;D SAMPLING DURATION(min) FLOWRATE (ACFM)
From the information at the top of the computer print-out sheet,
the flowrate is 0.500 actual cubic feet per minute (ACFM) and the
sampling duration is 20.00 minutes. Therefore, for S4,
CUM. (MG/ACM) = MASSs + MASSs + MASS 7 + MASS8 + MASS9
20 minutes
35.314667 cubic feet/cubic meter , ~ -,
X - 0.500 ACFM - = 12'3
For S8, the mass of the particulate collected on the filter is
again used,
rriM (Mr/APM) . - ^S^ v 35.314667 cubic feet/cubic meter
CUM. (MG/ACM) e - 20 minutes x 0.500 ACFM
-41-
-------
0.39 mg 35.314667 cubic feet/cubic meter
20 minutes X 0.500 ACFM
= 1.38 mg/ACM
The cumulative mass loading of particles smaller in diameter than
the corresponding DSO in grains per actual cubic foot (CUM. (GR/ACF)
SMALLER THAN DSO) for a particular stage j is given by the formula
CUM.(MG/ACM).
CUM. (GR/ACF). = 2.2883519 g^cubic meter x
grains/cubic foot ^' ^
For S7,
CUM. (GR/ACF) 7 =
2-2883519 grams/cubic meter mg/gram
grains/cubic foot y/y
= 6.64 x 10""1* grains/ACF
The cumulative mass loading of particles smaller in diameter than
the corresponding DSO in grains per dry standard cubic foot (CUM.
(GR/DSCF) SMALLER THAN DSO) is calculated to show what the above
cumulative would be for one cubic foot of dry gas at 70°F and at
a pressure of 29.92 inches of mercury. For a particular stage j,
CUM.(GR/DSCF). = CUM.(GR/ACF).
x Absolute Stack Temperature Absolute Standard Pressure
Absolute Standard Temperature Absolute Stack Pressure
x
(1-Fraction of H20)
where absolute means the temperature and pressure are in absolute
units-degrees Rankin or degrees Kelvin for temperature/ and atmos-
pheres, inches or millimeters of mercury for pressure.
For SI,
CUM.(GR/DSCF)i = 6.96 x 10~3 gr/ACF
(400 + 460)°R 29.92 in. Hg 1 = 1 29 x 10~2
X (70 + 460)UR x 26.50 in. Hg X (1.00-0.01) ^'^ X iu
The particle size distribution may be presented on a differential
basis which is the slope of the cumulative curve. If we define the
-42-
-------
terms:
AM. = MG/DSCM/STAGE. and
(AlogD) . = logio(D50. !_) - logio(D50.) then
MG/DSCM/STAGE.
logio(D50. -^ - logic(D50.)
Since the computer printer does not contain Greek letters, the
computer print-out sheet reads DM/DLOG D instead of AM/ALOG D.
For S6,
AM \ _ _ 9.35 mg/DSCM _ _ ,Q _ mrt/ricnM
- log10(2.22) - log1B(1.29) ~ 39'7 m9/DSCM
Note that AM/ALOGD has the dimensions of the numerator since the
denominator is dimensionless. In the calculation for SI, a
maximum particle diameter is used. For this example, MAX. PARTICLE
DIAMETER = 100.0 microns.
(
AM 4.71 mg/DSCM
= logi,(100) - log, 0 (10. 74)
For the filter stage, the D50 is arbitrarily chosen to be one-half
of the Ds o for stage eight (S8) . For this example, it is chosen
to be 0.33 micrometers/2 = 0.165 micrometers. Thus,
/_AM_\ =
I ALOGO]9
2.55 mg/DSCM 0 . _ /_./-«*
= , -.^N^' ,^ , 1C,> = 8.47 mg/DSCM
logio(0.33) - logio(0.165) ^'
The geometric mean diameter in micrometers (GEO. MEAN DIA.
(MICROMETERS)) for a particular stage j is given by.the formula
GEO. MEAN DIA.. = /D50. x D50.
D D D
For S8,
GEO. MEAN DIA.8 = /0.33 x 0.69 micrometers
= 0.477 micrometers
-43-
-------
As in the ALOGD calculation, we again use the maximum particle
diameter for the stage one calculation and one-half the DS o for
stage eight for the filter stage calculation.
For SI,
GEO. MEAN DIA.i = /10.74 x 100.0 micrometers
= 32.8 micrometers
For the filter,
GEO. MEAN DIA.9 = /0.165 x 0.33 micrometers
= 0.23 micrometers
A differential number distribution can also be derived. Since
AM. = MG/DSCM/STAGE. is the mass per unit volume for stage j
then we can define AN. as AN. = NUMBER OF PARTICLES/DSCM/STAGE.
or the number of particles per unit volume for stage j. Now
AM. and AN. are related by the equation AM. = AN. x m , where m
J J j j P P
is the average mass of the particles collected on one stage. Dividing
both sides of the equation by m x ALOGD yields
(AM/ALOGD).
m
P
i = / AN \
lALOG D J .
Now m = p V where p is the assumed particle density and V is
the average volume of one particle on one stage. To obtain m in
milligram units when p is in .grams per cubic centimeter and V is
P P
in cubic micrometers, certain conversion factors must be used. The
complete formula, using the correct conversion factors and the ex-
pression (4/3) (ir) (d/2) 3 for V where d is the geometric mean
diameter in micrometers, is:
/103 mg\ /4jr\/d\3 /IP"12
llgm) I 3yl 2 J ll cubi
m = p [±^i^ti (2411-1 [ ±Z cm3. _ )= 5.23599 x 10-10
p Mp I 1 gm J \3l\2i ll cubic micrometer '
Therefore,
/_AN_\
IALOGD / .
(AM/ALOGD) j
5.23599 x lO-io p d3
-44-
-------
where AM/ALOGD is in units of mg/DSCM, p is in gm/cc, d is in
microns, and AN/ALOGD is in number of particles/DSCM.
For S3,
(AN \ _ 17.9 mg/DSCM
ALOGD h (5.23599 x 1(T10) x (1.35 gm/cc) x (7.96 microns)3
= 5.02 x 107 particles/DSCM.
For the filter stage
/ AN \ 8.47 mg/DSCM
I ALOGD L (5.23599 x lO"10) x (1.35 gm/cc) x (0.231 microns)3
= 9.72 x 101! particles/DSCM
The test data is usually classified according to sampling location
(outlet or inlet), sampling time (day, week, etc.) and combustion
chamber or pollution control device conditions (high or low sulfur
coal for coal plants, normal or below normal fuel consumption,
normal or below normal current density for electrostatic precipi-
tators, etc.). When classified, all of the data taken in a single
classification is usually averaged together and plotted on appropriate
graph paper. For example, the AM/ALOGD at a given geometric mean
diameter or within a small range of geometric mean diameters might
be averaged over all the tests performed in a day and plotted as
ordinate and abscissa, respectively on log-log graph paper.
Error bars indicating standard deviation or confidence limits would
be included on the graph. A Hewlett-Packard HP-25 calculator pro-
gram is included which will calculate the average (X), the standard
deviation(S), the relative standard deviation (S/X), a 90% or 95%
confidence interval (CI), the lower confidence limit (X - CI or LCL),
and the upper confidence limit (X + CI or UCL). Also included is
some hypothetical data typical of Brink impactor samples giving the
AM/ALOGD and geometric mean diameter values for one day. The average
and other programmed calculations have been listed underneath the
data in this table and on page 55 a graph of the average AM/ALOGD
values + one standard deviation versus the average of the geometric
-45-
-------
mean diameters is plotted on log-log graph paper. Note that the
standard deviations for the geometric mean diameters were too
small to be indicated on the graph. A smooth line was drawn
through the AM/ALOGD data points and the upper and lower standard
deviations. These curves are used to calculate the fractional
efficiency.
On page 56 is a AM/ALOGD plot of hypothetical data from an Andersen
impactor, which is normally used by SRI at the outlets of emission
control devices while the Brink impactor is typically used at the
inlets of those devices. It was assumed that the Andersen AM/ALOGD
plot represented values obtained the same day as that of the Brink.
Thus it was valid to find the efficiency of the control device by
comparing the two plots. A set of particle sizes was chosen which
would be used in deriving an average cumulative mass loading and
the efficiency of the control device from the AM/ALOGD plots. The
maximum and minimum particle sizes are chosen for which AM/ALOGD
values are available in both the inlet and outlet AM/ALOGD distri-
butions. These particle sizes are listed under the heading
Geometric Mean Diameter on page 52.
Notice that by beginning the set with the particle size 0.500 micro-
meters, the data from the filter stages is not utilized. The reason
the filter stage data is not included is that during the operation
of a cascade impactor there is always a certain amount of particle
bounce and reentrainment into the gas stream, and subsequent de-
position on a lower stage. These particles are larger than most of
the particles collected on the stage and thus in the lower stages,
their mass can be a significant percentage of the total mass for that
stage. The errors tend to be more significant for the fine particle
end of the distribution and most significant of all for the filter.
In addition, many filter media contain components which react chem-
ically with constituents of flue gases (SOa, for example). This
gaseous reaction with the filter substrate can result in a change
-46-
-------
in the weight of the substrate even though the substrate was pre-
conditioned. Again, substrate weight changes would usually be much
more serious for the lower stages and back-up filter, whose par-
ticulate mass loadings are generally small. Also, the filter has a
larger surface area than the substrates and is more thoroughly
permeated by the gas going through it.
The filter stage weight, then, is likely to contain a larger error
and may not be an accurate record of the concentration of small
particles in the gas stream sampled. For this reason, the derived
AM/ALOGD value for the filter stage weights is often ignored
especially if it exhibits any unusual characteristics. For more
information on particle bounce and reentrainment see Particulate
Sizing Techniques for Control Device Evaluation by Gushing, Lacey,
McCain, and Smith, Final Report of EPA Contract No. 68-02-0273, to
be published. For more information on substrate weight changes due
to reactions with the components in a gas stream see Particulate
Sizing Techniques for Control Device Evaluation by Gushing, Lacey,
McCain, and Smith, August, 1975, Publication Number EPA-650/2-74-102a.
The percent penetration of a particular size particle is found by
dividing the AM/ALOGD for the outlet at that size by the AM/ALOGD
for the inlet at that same size, and multiplying the quotient by
100. The same is done using upper curve (where one standard de-
viation is added) for the outlet and lower curve (where one standard
deviation is subtracted) for the inlet and vice versa from the AM/ALOGD
plots to obtain a set of penetration values which may be roughly
interpreted as "upper and lower standard deviations for the percent
penetration". The collection efficiency of the emission control
device is 100% minus the percent penetration. The collection effi-
ciency corresponding to various particle sizes is plotted on log-log
probability graph paper on page 57.
Although cumulative mass loading data for each impactor test is pre-
-47-
-------
sented in tabular form on the computer print-out sheet, a more
accurate average cumulative mass loading is found by integrating
the average AM/ALOGD curve. The equation below yields AM. corres-
ponding to a particular size interval (Geometric Mean Diameter) d.
to d.+, from the values of AM/ALOGD at those particle sizes. These
values are taken from the AM/ALOGD plots on pages 55 and 56 and
listed opposite the corresponding geometric mean diameters and
identification numbers i on the table on page 52.
(AM/ALOGD). + (AM/ALOGD). . /d.
AM.=
Next the AM.'s are progressively summed to obtain the cumulative
mass loading. Upper and lower 90% confidence limits are found by
similar integrations of the upper and lower 90% confidence limits
of the AM/ALOGD plots. A table listing AM/ALOGD, percent penetration,
and cumulative mass loading values and their corresponding standard
deviations for each size d. is found on page 52. There is no value
of the cumulative for di because there is no valid (AM/ALOGD) o value
due to particle bounce, etc. Thus the cumulative mass loadings
plotted are cumulatives for particles larger than the DSO of the
last impactor stage. Plots of cumulative mass loading for the inlet
and percent efficiency of the emissions control device are found on
pages 54 and 57.
-48-
-------
HP-25 Program Form
Tit|p Mean, Standard Deviation, 90/95% Confidence Inter- Pagp 1 nf 2
val
Switch to PRGM mode, press [TJI PBGM | , then key in the program.
DISPLAY
LINE
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
CODE
\'..A\\\\\\N
14 2]
23 04
74
14 22
23 05
74
24 04
71
74
24 05
?4 (]^
14 0'
71
KEY
ENTRY
\\\\\y. A
f X
STO 4
R/S
fs
STO 5
R/S
RCT, 4
R/S
Rf.T, 5
RCL 3
fJ^
24 03 .RCL 1
01
41
24 02
,14 03
24 Ol1
61
24 00
51
61
23 05
74
24 04
24 Q5_
41
74
?4 04
24 05
51
74
00
23 03
23 04
23 05
23 06
23 07
13 nn
1
-
RCL 2
f yx
RCL 1
X
RCL 0
+
X
STO 5
R/S
RCL 4
RCT, 5
R/S
PCL 4
RCL 5
+
R/S
0
STO 3
STO 4
STO 5
STO 6
STO 7
flTO n
X
n
Y
Z
T
COMMENTS
REGISTERS
B0
R . .
"1
R -i
2
»-. n
3
«,, X
R r Rl
5 X
r.i.
°n EX2
n g t, A
R- XX
-49-
-------
HP-25 Program Form
Mean, Standard Deviation, 90/95% Confidence Intervalp 2 , 2
Programmer Joseph D. McCain
STEP
1
2a
2b
3
4a
b
c
d
e
f
5 '
i
.
i
6 '
7 I
i
INSTRUCTIONS
Initialize
For 90% C.I.
For 95% C.I.
Enter values x-;
for i = 1, N:
if error in x^:
Calculate mean
Cal. standard devia
tion
Cal. relative std.
deviation
Dal. confidence
interval
-al. lower confidenc
limit
:al. upper confidenc!
limit
'o determine effect
)f omitting a point,
Cm, from data set:
ind go to step 4.
7o abandon calculate
during step 4 :
and go to step 3 .
or new data set
f ter step 4f (UCL) :
INPUT
DATA/UNITS
1.645
. 2.60481
1.18553
1.96
S.SdQS
1.34635
xi
-
:e
:e
Xm
on
KEYS
f PRGH
q^n n
[s_TO_jJ
CHS
STO 0
f Rtfdl
STO 2
II
STO 1 II II
CHS II STO ?
n i
||
. 1! II II
II
£ +
fLASTXj
II
ft- II
|l
R/S ||
||
||
R/S II II II
R/S II
R/S
II
II
ll
1
ni
1
R/S
II II
II II II
R/S II II II
fl-
n
n
STO OOII II
II
$TO 34
1 R/S
R/S II
L
I
II
OUTPUT
DATA/UNITS
i
X
s
s/x
C.I.
LCL
UCL
and go to step 3.
-50-
-------
Test
Hypothetical Data - Brink Impactor
CYC SO SI S2 S3 S4
S5
S6
SF
1
2
3
4
5
6
AM/ALOGD*
AM/ALOGD
AM/ALOGD
AM/ALOGD
AM/ALOGD
AM/ALOGD
3770
3960
3540
3410
3260
3830
2630
1500
1720
2680
2910
3050
1010
866
1080
1130
1180
1160
1190
991
1080
1200
1310
1380
1060
1410
913
907
1560
1180
503
398
452
347
321
326
279
300
163
236
165
142
75.
28.
41.
41.
21.
40.
1
3
5
9
5
5
92. 8
77.7
104
111
99.4
68.0
AM/ALOGD
Average
Standard
Deviation
Relative
Std. Dev.
90% Confidence
Interval
Lower Confi-
dence Limit
Upper Condi-
dence Limit
Average
Standard
Deviation
Relative
Std. Dev.
90% Confidence
Interval
Lower Confi-
dence Limit
Upper Confi-
dence Limit
3630 2420 1070 1190 1170 391 214 41.5 92.2
269 646 118 143 267 74.0 66.8 18.5 16.4
0.074 0.267 0.110 0.120 0.228 0.189 0.312 0.445 0.178
223 536 97.5 119 222 61.4 55.4 15.3 13.6
3410 1880 973 1070 950 330 159 26.2 78.6
3850 2950 1170 1310 1390 453 270 56.8 106
1.31 0.804 0.506 0.270
1.31 0.806 0.504 0.260
1.27 0.770 0.480 0.250
1.25 0.766 0.476 0.246
1.19 0.726 0.451 0.233
1.19 0.725 0.451 0.233
42.1 8.86 5.61 3.25 2.08 1.25 0.766 0.478 0.249
0.898 0.377 0.240 0.139 0.0944 0.0543 .0356 .0242 .0147
0.0214 0.0426 0.0428 0.0429 0.0454 0.0433 .0465 .0506 .0592
0.745 0.313 0.199 0.116 0.0783 0.0450 .0295 .0201 .0122
41.3 8.54 5.41 3.14 2.00 1.21 .737 .460 .237
42.8 9.17 5.81 3.37 2.16 1.30 .796 .498 .261
1 Geo.
Mean Dia.
2 Geo.
Mean Dia.
3 Geo.
Mean Dia.
4 Geo.
Mean Dia.
5 Geo.
Mean Dia.
6 Geo.
Mean Dia.
Geo . Mean
43.0
43.0
42.2
42.1
41.0
41.0
Dia.
9.25
9.26
8.92
8.87
8.42
8.41
5.86
5.87
5.65
5.62
5.33
5.33
3.40
3.40
3.28
3.25
3.09
3.09
2.18
2.18
2.10
2.08
1.97
1.97
*NOTE: AM/ALOGD in units of mg/DSCM.
Geometric Mean Diameter in units of micrometers.
-51-
-------
Hypothetical Data
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Geometric
Mean Diameter
(Micrometers)
0.500 x
lx +
2x -
0.800 _ x
x +
x -
1.28 _ x
x +
x -
2.05 _ x
x +
x -
3.28 _ x
x +
x -
5.24 _ x
x +
x -
8.39 x
x +
x -
13.4 _ x
x +
x -
21.5 x
x +
x -
Outlet
AM/ALOGD
(mg/DSCM)
la
la
la
la
la
la
la
la
la
la
la
la
la
la
la
la
la
la
2.
5.
0.
6.
8.
4.
7.
10.
4.
9.
13.
6.
13.
19.
7.
12.
18.
6.
10.
15.
5.
7.
10.
4.
4.
6.
2.
95
27
635
40
70
05
40
2
99
30
0
00
2
0
20
8
8
90
7
3
80
60
6
00
50
00
55
Inlet
AM/ALOGD
(mg/DSCM)
49.5
79.0
27.0
227
310
159
410
510
328
1170
1437
870
1150
1320
1047
1040
1190
960
2280
2820
1660
3000
3600
2490
3460
3880
3020
Inlet
Cumulative
Percent Mass Loading
Penetration
5.
19.
0.
2.
5.
1.
1.
3.
0.
0.
1.
0.
1.
1.
0.
1.
1.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
96
5
80
82
47
31
80
11
98
79
49
42
15
81
69
23
96
58
47
92
21
25
43
11
13
20
07
(mg/DSCM)
28.
39.
19.
93.
123
68.
254
322
191
491
603
387
715
860
591
1054
1269
859
1592
1924
1282
2252
2688
1845
2
7
0
2
7
1Average value plus one standard deviation
2Average value minus one standard deviation
-52-
-------
HYPOTHETICAL ANDERSEN
IMPACTOR FLOWRATF e 0.300 ACPM IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE « 400,0 F = 204,4 C SAMPLING DURATION a 20,00 MIN
IHPACTOR PRESSURE DROP a 1.5 IN, OF HG STACK TEMPERATURE « 400,0 F = 204,4 C
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY a 1,35 GM/CU.CM. STACK PRESSURE r 26,50 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER » 100,0 MICROMETERS
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 a o'.95 CO a 0.00 N2 a 76,53 02 20,53 H20 a 1.00
CALC. MASS LOADING 9 8.0711E.03 GR/ACF 1.4948E-02 GR/DSCF 1.6470E+01 MG/ACM 3,4207E*01 MG/DSCM
IMPACTOR STAGE si S2 S3 s« ss S6 sr ss FILTER
STAGE INDEX NUMBER 12505*799
050 (MICROMETERS) 10,74 9,93 6.56 4,19 2,22 1,29 0,69 0,33
MASS (MILLIGRAMS) 0,72 0.40 0.51 0,09 0,36 1,43 1,25 0,04 ' 0.39
MG/DSCM/STAGE 4,71E+00 2.62E+00 3.47£+00 5,B9E-01 2.49E+00 9.35E+00 8,18E*00 2,62E»01 2,5SEtOO
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN 050 66,24 78,59 68,46 66,74 59,47 32.13 8,?3 7.46
CUM. (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050 1.59E+01 1.45E+01 1.26E+01 1.23E+01 1,10E*01 5.93E*00 1.52E+00 1.38E+00
CUM. (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN 050 6.96E-OS 6.34E-03 5.53E-03 5.39E-03 4.80E-03 2.59E-03 6.64E-04 6.02E-04
w CUM, (GR/DSCF) SMALLER THAN 050 1.29E-02 1.17E-02 1.02E-02 9.98E-03 8.89E-03 4.80E-03 1.23E-03 1.12E-03
I
GEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS) 3,28E*01 l.OSE+01 7,96EtOO 5.17E+00 3,05EtOO 1.69E+00 9,43E»01 4.74E-01 2.31E-01
DM/DLOGD (MG/DSCM) 4,86EtOO 7,94E*01 1.79E+01 3,25E*00 8,99E*00 3,99E*01 2,98E»01 8,09e«01 8,47E»00
ON/DLOGD (NO, PARTICLES/DSCM) 1.95E+05 l,02E*06 5.01Et07 3.33E*07 4,46E408 1.16E+JO 5,03E*10 1,08E»10
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC C AND 760MM HG
-------
HYPOTHETICAL DATA - BRINK IMPACTOR
O)
O
Z
O
<
O
UJ
>
5
D
O
SITE.
LOCATION.
DATE
10'
10
10'
10
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY = 1.35 gm / cm3
ERROR BARS INDICATE ONE STANDARD DEVIATION
10"
10'
UPPER SIZE LIMIT
10
micrometers )
1
FF
il
i
10'
-54-
-------
SOTE.
DATE.
10'
(3
O
HO'
10
-1
HYPOTHETICAL DATA - BRINK IMPACTOR
= 1.35 gm /
-------
HYPOTHETICAL DATA - ANDERSEN IMPACTOR
SITE
0>
o
o
<
5
LOCATION.
DATE
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY = 1-35 yn / cm3
ERROR BARS INDICATE ONE STANDARD DEVIATION
10
GEOMETRIC MEAN DIAMETER ( micrometer* )
-56-
-------
SITE
HYPOTHETICAL DATA
LOCATION
0.01
DATE
ERROR BARS DERIVED FROM ONE STANDARD DEVIATION
INDICATED ON INLET AND OUTLET AM/ALOG D CURVES
ea.e
E5
CO
80
70
20
go
40
£0
20
10
5
2
1
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.06
0.01
£0. 100.0
GEOMETRIC MEAN DIAMETER
MICROMETERS )
-------
/A/
SRI-U 1J.17.7S 1000 Pu'RT-1
JMPACTOR FLCIWRATE = 0,079 ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE DROP = 3.0 IN. OF nr,
ASSUMfn PARTJCU OfNsITY = l.
-------
/A/
SRI-5 11-18-75 1113 PORT.a
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE s o.o7i ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE DROP «* 3.0 IN, OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY a 1.46 GM/CU.CM.
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 B 15,50
CALC, MASS LOADING « J.6039E+00 OR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN DSO
CUM, (MG/ACM) 8MAULER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN DSO
CUM, (oR/oScF) SMALLER THAN
GEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD (MQ/DSCM)
DN/DLOGD (NO, PARTICLES/DSCM)
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE a <|00.0 F e 204,4 C SAMPLING DURATION 1,00 MIN
STACK TEMPERATURE a 100.0 F 204,4 C
STACK PRESSURE s 30,15 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER » 100,0 MICROMETERS
CO a 0.00
3.4508E+00 GR/DSCF
SO SI 32
1 2 3
6,60 3.73 2.20
0,63 0.21 0,20
7,50
N2 B 49.10 02
3.6703E+03 MG/ACM
S3 S4 35
« 5 6
1.52 0.79 0,55
0,49 3,36 2,04
6.72E+02 2.2«E*02 2.13E+02 5.23E+02 3.61E403 2.18E+03
l.OOE+02 9,15E»01 8.87E+01 8.60E+01 7,93E*01 3,37E*01
3.36E+03 3.25E+03 3.15E»03 2.9JE*03 1,24E>03 2,23E«02
1,U7E*00 1.42E+00 l,36EtOO 1,27E*00 5.40E-01 9.76E-02
3,16E*00 3.06E+00 2.97E+00 2.74E+00 1.16E+00 2.10E-01
2,57Et01 U.96E+00 2.86E+00 1.82E+00 1,09E<»00 6.60E-01
5.69E+02 9,07E*02 9.26E+02 3,2«E»03 1.27E+04 l,42Ef04
4,40E*07 9,70E*09 5.15E+10 6.98E+11 1.27E+13 6.47E+13
H20 a 26.10
7,6966E*03 MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
0,45
4.80E+02
3.91E-01
1.60E+03
3.49E+13
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEG C AND 760MM HG
-59-
-------
SRI-h 11-JP-7S 12:3S POHT-1
TMPACTOR FLOwRAlE r 0,07? ACFM
IMPACTOR PRFSSURf D«OP s 2.6 IN, OF HG
ASSUMtn PARTICLE DF.NSITY = '.°6 GM/CU.CM.
GAS COMPOSITION (PFRCENT) C02 o 15,50
CALC. MASS LOADING = 2.02J2E+00 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
DSO (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/OSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN DSO
CUM, (GR/OSCF3 SMALLER THAN 050
GEO. MEAN OIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGO CMG/DSCM)
ON/OLOGD (NO. PARTICLES/OSCM)
SAMPLING DURATION
1.00
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE s UPO.O F c aou.O C
STACK TEMPERATURE s 1)00,0 F a 20U,a C
STACK PRESSURE = JO,15.IN. OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER = 100,0 MICROMETERS
CO = 0.00
«.3529E+00 OR/OSCF
SO 31 52
1 2 I
6,57 3.72 2,19
1,04 0.72 O.aB
7.50
N2 s 19,10 02
0.6298E+03 MG/ACM
33 S« 35
456
1.51 0,78 0,55
0.7U 3.71 1,90
1.10E+03 7.63E+02 5.09E+02 7.80E+02 3.93E+03 2.01E+03
l,OOE*02 8.89E+01 8.13E+01 7,62E+01 6.83E+01 2,88Ef01
4.12E+03 3.76E+03 3.53E+03 3.16E+03 1.33Et03 3,99Et02
1.80E+00 1.6aEtOO 1.5UE+00 1.36E+00 5.83E-01 1.71E-01
i,87E*00 3.5UE+00 3.32E+00 2.97E+00 1.26E+00 3.75E-01
2.56E+01 4.95E+00 2.85E+00 1.62E+00 1.09E+00 6.58E-01
9,32E*02 3.09E+03 2.Z1E+03 4.B6E+03 1.38E+Oa 1,32E+0<4
7.20E+07 3,3UE»10 1,2«E+11 1.06E+12 l.flOE*13 6.06F+13
H20 e 26,10
9.9609E+03 MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
0.81
8,58E»02
3.90K-01
2.85E+03
6.28E+13
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC C AND 760MM HG
-60-
-------
///
SRl-7 ll«18-75 2l«0 PORT.5
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE a 0.072 ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE DROP = 2.3 IN. OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY '« 1.46 GM/CU.CM.
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 a 15.50
CALC, MASS LOADING = 2,«722E+00 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
D50 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/3TAGE
CUM. PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM. (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/OSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD CMG/08CM)
DN/DLOGD (NO, PARTICLES/DSCM)
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE a 400,0 F a 204,4 C SAMPLING DURATION a 1,00 MIN
STACK TEMPERATURE 400.0 F a 204,4 C
STACK PRESSURE a 30,15 IN, OF HG MAX. PARTICLE DIAMETER a 100,0 MICROMETERS
N2 t 49,10
02 a 7.50
5.6572E+03 MG/ACM
33 S4 35
456
1,51 0,78 0,55
0,86 5,29 1.76
CO B o.OO
5.3188E+00 GR/OSCF
SO SI 32
1 2 S
6,55 3,71 2,1«
1,10 0.54 0,31
1.16E+03 5.69E+02 3.27E+02 9.06E+02 5.57E+03 1.85C+03
l.OOE+02 9.05E+01 8.58Et01 8,3lE*01 7.57E+01 2,99E*01
5.12E+03 4,85E*03 4,70Et03 «,28E+03 1.69E+03 8,28E»02
2.24EtOO 2.12E+00 2,05E»00 1,87E+00 7.39E-0! 3.62E-01
4.81E+00 a,56E+00 4,42EtOO 4,03E«00 1.59E+00 7.79C-01
2.56E+01 fl.95E*00 2.85E+00 1.81E+00 1,09E*00 6.56E-01
9,79E*02 2.30E+03 l.«2E»03 5,62E*03 1,96E+0« 1.22E+04
7.64E+07 2.51E+10 8.0UE+10 1.23E+12 2,01Etl3 5.63E+13
H20 a 26.10
1,2171E*0« MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
1,69
1.78E+03
3.89E-01
5,92E*03
1.31E4>14
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEG C AND 760MM HG
-61-
-------
/A/
SRI-B U-IP-TS a:
-------
SAMPLING DURATION
INLET ST, REGIS COMPANY 11-19-75 RUN . 9,10,11,13,14
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE » 0,073 ACFM IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE > aio.o F » 210.0 c
IMPACJ.OR PRESSURE DROP = 2.5 IN, OF HG STACK TEMPERATURE » 410,0 F 210,0 C
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY s 1.U6 GM/CU.CM. STACK PRESSURE B 30,10 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER a 100,0 MICROMETERS
1,00 MIN
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 e 15.50
CALC, MASS LOADING = 2.0773£*00 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN DSO
CUM. (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN DSO
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/DSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO. MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD (MG/DSCM)
DN/DLOGD (NO. PARTICLES/DSCM)
CO B 0.00
4.5287E+00 GR/DSCF
SO 81 82
1 2 3
6,52 3.69 2.17
1,37 0.79 0.59
N2 B 09,10 02 B 7,50
4.7S35E+03 MG/ACM
S3 34 35
456
1.50 0.78 0,55
0.42 4,07 1,68
1.44E+03 6.29E+02 6.19E+02 4.41E+02 4.27E+03 1.76Et03
1.00E402 8.61E+01 7.81E+01 7.22E401 6,79E*01 2,67Et01
a.09E*01 3.71E+OJ S.43E+03 3.23E+03 l,27C*03 4.62E*02
1,79E*00 1.62C*00 l.SOEtOO 1.41E+00 5.55E-01 2.02E-01
3.90E400 3.5aE*00 3.27EtOO 3.08E+00 l,21EtOO 4.40E-01
2.55E+01 «.91E*00 2.83E+00 1,80E*00 1.06E+00 6.51E«01
1.21E*03 3.3SEt03 2,68E*03 2.75E*05 1,50E*0« 1,15E*04
9,52E*07 3.71E+10 1.55E+11 6.09C+11 1.56E+13 5.06E+13
H20 26.10
l,036JE*0« MG/08CM
FILTER
7
0,96
1.01E+03
3.86E-01
3.35E*03
7.63E+13
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEG C AND 760MM HG
-63-
-------
//!/
SRI-10 tl-l^-TS 1^:00 PORT-U
JMPACTOR FLOWRATF = 0.072 ACFM
IMHACTOR PRESSURE D«OP = 3.1 IN. OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY s 1.03 S.02E+02
1,11E«00 1.01E*00 9,a5E"01 9.01E-01 T.OOE-01 2.19E-01
2,«1E+00 Z.20E400 Z.06E+00 1.96E+00 1.53E+00 4.78E-01
2.56E*01 U.9UE+00 2.B5E+00 1.81E+00 1.08E+00 6.5UE-0]
5,87E*03 2.02E+03 l,30Et03 1.3BE+03 3.50E+03 1,56E+0«
a.57E+08 2.19E+10 7.55E+10 3.02E+11 3.59E+12 7,28E*13
M20 = 26.10
1.2«67E»Oa MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
1,03
1.09E+03
3.86E-01
3.63E+03
B.16E+13
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC C AND 760MM HG
-64-
-------
SR1-11 )!!'».75 1U45 PQRT»t
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE = o.ora ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE DROP = 2.3 IN. OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY o i.46 GM/CU.CM.
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 » 15.50
CALC, MASS LOADING = 1.2371E+00 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAQE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/DSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN OIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGO (MG/DSCM)
DN/DLOGD (NO, PARTICLE3/08CM) .
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE * 410,0 F « 210.0 C SAMPLING DURATION 1,00 M1N
STACK TEMPERATURE 410,0 F 210,0 C
STACK PRESSURE B 30,10 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER 100,0 MICROMETERS
CO 0.00
2.6971E+00 GR/DSCF
80 SI 82
1 2 3
6,52 3,69 2.17
0,32 1.06 0.29
N2 09,10 02 7,50
2.8309E+03 MG/ACM
S3 84 85
456
1.49 0,76 0,54
0.25 0,97 1,67
3.35E+02 1.11E+03 3.03E+02 2.62E+02 1.01E+03 1.75E+05
l.OOE+02 9.«6E*01 7.66E+01 7,17E*01 6,75E*01 5.10E+01
2.66E403 2.17E»03 2.03E+03 1.91E405 1.44Et03 6.43E+02
1.17E+00 9.48E-01 8.B7E-01 8.35E-01 6.31E-01 2.81E-01
2,55E*00 2.07E + 00 1.93E01
2.S5E+01 4.90E+00 2.83E+00 1.80E+00 1.08E+00 6.50E-01
2.82E+02 4.49Et03 1.J2E+05 1.62Ef03 3.56E+03 1.14E«04
2,22E*07 4.96E+10 7.61E+10 3.63E+11 3.73E+12 5,44E+13
H20 = 26.10
6.1718E+03 MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
1,40E+03
3.85E-01
U.66E+03
1.06E +14
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEG C AND 760MM HG
-65-
-------
SRI-12 11-I9-75 MIS PORT-.*,
IMPACTOP FLOWRATfc = 0,07J ACFH
IMPACTOR PRESSURE DROP = 2,5 IN, OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLF OFNSITy s \tUf> GM/CU.CM.
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) cos s is.so
CALC. MASS LEADING : 1.9138E+00 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT op MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN OSO
CUM, (GR/DSCM SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN OIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD CMG'DSCM)
ON/OLOGO (NO, PARTICLES/DSCM) ,
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE o «10.0 F = 210,0 C SAMPLING DURATION a 1,00 MIN
STACK TEMPERATURE «io,o F s 210,0 c
STACK PRESSURE s 30,10 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER » 100,0 MICROMETERS
CO s 0.00
4.1723E+00 GR/DSCF
80 61 82
1 2 3
6,53 3.70 2.17
0.6-1 0,69 0.29
N2 B 49.10 02 B 7,50
«,379«E+03 MG/ACM
S3 34 SS
456
1,50 0,78 0,55
0.69 2.78 2.59
6.41E+02 9,35E«02 3.05E+02 7,25E*02 2.92E+OJ 2.72E+OJ
1,OOE»02 9,33E*01 8.35E+01 8,03E*01 7.27E+01 4.21E+01
4,09E*03 3.66E+03 3.52E+03 5,16E*05 1.85E+03 5,
-------
//>/
SRI-15 11-19-75
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE = 0.072 ACFM
IMPACTQR PRESSURE DROP » 2,7 IN. OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY a 1.U6 GM/CU.CM.
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 s 15.50
CALC, MASS LOADING s 3.1698E+00 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM. PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN DSO
CUM, (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN D50
CUM. (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN D50
CUM, (GR/oscn SMALLER THAN oso
GEO, MEAN DIA. (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD (MG/DSCM)
DN/DL050 (NO. PARTICLES/OSCM)
SAMPLING DURATION
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE s 400.0 F s 204.0 C
STACK TEMPERATURE * 400.0 F = 204,4 C
STACK PRESSURE o 50,10 IN, OF HG MAX. PARTICLE DIAMETER a 100,0 MICROMETERS
1,00 MIN
CO * 0,00
6.6312E+00 GR/DSCF
SO SI S2
1 2 3
6,55 3.71 2.18
4,54 1.24 1.10
N2 B 49,10 02 7,50
7.2537E+03 MG/ACM
S3 34 35
456
1.50 0.78 0,55
1.16 4.07 1.71
4.79E+03 1.31E+03 1.16Et03 1,22E*03 4.29E+03 1.80E+OJ
1,OOE*02 6.9aE»01 6,10E*01 5.36E+01 4.58E+01 1.83E*01
5.03E+03 4.43E«03 3.89E+03 3,32E*03 1.33Et03 a,9«£*0?
2.20E+00 1.93E*00 1.70E+00 1.45E+00 S.82E-01 2.16E-01
y,74E+00 4.17E+00 3,66E*00 3.13E+00 1.25E+00 4,66E»01
2.56E+01 4.93E*00 2.8«E+00 l.BlEfOO 1,08E*00 6.55E-01
4,0«E+03 5.29E+03 5.03E+03 7.57E+03 1.51E+04 1.18E+OU
3,15E+08 5.78E+10 2.66E+11 1.67E+12 1.55E+13 5,«9E+13
H20 « 26.10
1.5632E+04 MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
1,01
1.06E+03
3.68E-01
3.5UE+03
7,91E*13
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC C AND 760MM HG
-67-
-------
SRI-16 11-19-75 Sl25 PORT-5
IMPACTOH FLOWRATE = 0.073 ACFM
IMPACTOP PRESSURE DROP a 2,« IN. OF HG
ASSUMF.n PARTICLE DENSITY s l.fl*, GM/CU.CM.
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) COS = 15.50
CALC, MASS LOADING e 2.9738E+00 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGK INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/8TAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/DSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD (MG/DSCM)
DN/OLOGO CNO. PARTICLES/DSCM)
SAMPLING DURATION
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE «oo,o F a 204,a c
STACK TEMPERATURE a 400,0 F r 30a.il C
STACK PRESSURE e 50,10 IN, OF HG MAX. PARTICLE DIAMtTER » 100,0 MICROMETERS
1,00 MIN
CO » 0.00
6.4087E+00 GR/OSCF
SO SI 82
1 S 5
6,53 3.70 2,17
0,08 f,2S 1.50
N2 a a9,10 02 a 7,50
6.8051E+OJ MG/ACM
S3 Sa 85
056
1.50 0,78 0,55
1.T9 5,91 2,36
8.39E+01 1.34E+03 1,36E*03 1.88E+03 6.20E+03 2,a7E+03
1,OOE*02 9.9UE+01 9,03E»01 8.10E+01 6.82E*01 2.60E+01
6.77E+03 6.1«E+03 5,51E*03 «,6UE»03 1.T7E+03 6,186*02
2.96E+00 2.68E+00 2,aiE+00 2,05E*00 7.72E-01 2.70E-01
6,37E*00 5.79E+00 5,!9E*00 fl,57E*00 1,66E*00 5,82E»01
2,56Et01 a.91E+00 2.8UE+00 1,81E»00 1,08E*00 6..53E-01
7.08E+01 5,«3E*03 5,91E»03 1,16E+0« 2,1«E+0« 1,62E*OU
5.55E+06 5.99E+10 1,59E«11 2.S8E+12 2,26E*13 7.60E+13
H20 a 26,10
l,ab65E+Oa MG/OSCM
FILTER
7
1.27
1.33E+03
3.87E-01
9,95E*13
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC C AND 760MM HG
-68-
-------
SRI-17 11-19-75 6J15 PORT.J
IMPACTOR FLOWRATF c 0.073 ACFM
IMPACToR PRESSURE DROP * 2.0 IN, OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY 1,06 GM/CU.CM,
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 » 15.50
CAtC, MASS LOADING = 2.0782EfOO GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN DSO
CUM, (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/DSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN OIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD (MG/DSCM)
DN/DLOGD (NO, PARTICLES/OSCM)
SAMPLING DURATION
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE e 000,0 F = 200,0 C
STACK TEMPERATURE a 000,0 F a 300,0 C
STACK PRESSURE 30,10 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER " 100,0 MICROMETERS
1,00 MIN
N2 09,10 02 B 7,50
0,7556Ef03 MG/ACM
S3 SO S5
056
1.50 0,78 0,55
1.56 3,99 1,50
CO * 0.00
0.0786E+00 GR/OSCF
SO Si 82
1 2 3
6,53 3.70 2,17
0,67 0.22 0,50
7.01E+02 2.30E*02 5,23E»02 1.65E+03 0.16E+03 l,57Et03
1,OOE*02 9.32E+01 9,09E*Ol 8.58E+01 6.97E+01 2.89E*01
0,03E*03 0.32E+03 0,08E*03 3.31E+03 1.37E*03 6,06E«02
1,90E*00 1.89E+00 1,78E*00 1.15E+00 6.01E-01 2,82E-ni
0.17E+00 0.07E+00 3.8UE+00 3.12E+00 1.29E+00 6.09E-01
2,55E»01 U.91E+00 2.83E+00 1.80E+00 1.08E+00 6.53E-01
5.92E+02 9.32E+02 2.27E+03 1.02E*OU 1.07E*00 1,03E*00
0.60E+07 l.OJEtlO 1.31E+11 2,28E«12 1.52E+15 4,80Etl3
H20 26.10
1.0248E+00 MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
1,33
1.39E+03
3.87E-01
0.63E+03
l.OOE+10
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 OEG C AND 760MM HG
-69-
-------
SRI-1H 1i-|9.75 BUS PORT-?
IMPACTHR FLn*pATF: = o,07? ACFM
IrtPACTnR PHfjSSURf.- DROP = 2,1 IN, OF HG
4SSl'MfcO PARTICl.K DENSITY s 1.06 r,M/CU,CM.
645 COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 s 15,50
CALC, MASS LOADING » 2.132flE+00 GR/ACF
IHPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBfR
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGF
CUM, PERCENT of MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN D50
CUM, (GR/ACF1 SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/oScD SMALLER THAN oso
CEO, MEAN OIA. (MICROMETERS)
DM/DI.OGD CMG/DSCM)
ON/OLOSD (NO, PARTJCLE8/DSCM)
TEMPERATURE = 395,0 f = 201,7 c SAMPLING DURATION
STACK TEMPERATURE = 395.0 F s 201,7 C
STACK PRESSURE s 30,10 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETfcR f 100.0
i.oo
CO s 0,00
4.5686E+00 GR/DSCF
SO SI S2
1 2 3
6.53 3.70 2.18
0,85 0,«9 0,59
N2 e fl9,10 02 B 7,50
0.8796E4.03 MG/ACM
S3 S
-------
/A/
SRI-l 12-16.75 1420 PORT-l
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE = 0,072 ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE DROP " 3.7 IN, OF H6
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY e 1,46 GM/CU.CM,
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) COS s 8,57
CALC, MASS LOADING a 1.B583E+00 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
D50 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, (MS/ACM) SMALLER TMAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN D50
CUM, (GR/DSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD (MG/DSCM)
DN/DLOGD (NO, PARTICLES/DSCM)
SAMPLING DURATION
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE v 362,0 F c 194,a C
STACK TEMPERATURE « 382,0 F B 194,4 C
STACK PRESSURE s 30,00 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER » 100,0 MICROMETERS
1,00 MIN
CO B o.OO
3,9022EtOO GR/DSCF
SO SI S2
1 2 3
6,43 3.63 2,13
1,07 0,19 0,26
N2 B 39,86 02 « 7,08
4.2524E+03 MG/ACM
S3 S4 85
456
1,«7 0,76 0,53
0.34 2,71 2.22
J.09E+03 1.94E+02 2,66E*02 3.48E+02 2.77E+03 2.27E+03
1,OOE*02 8.77E*01 8.56E+OJ 8.26E+01 7,87E*01 4.77E+01
3.73E+03 3.64E+03 3.51E+03 3,35E»03 2.03E+03 9.45E+02
1.63E+00 1.59E+00 1.53E+00 1.46E+00 8.86E»01 4.13E-01
3.42E+00 3.34E400 3.22E+00 3,07E*00 1.86E+00 6,67E«01
2,54E*01 4.83E*00 2.78E+00 1,77E*00 1.05E+00 6.31E-01
9.1flE*02 7.85E+02 1.15E+03 2.14E+03 9.62E4>03 1,44E«04
7.37E+07 9,09E*09 6,<>7E+10 5,06E*11 1,08E*13 7,54E*13
H20 B 25.50
8,9295E*03 MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
1,94
1.98E+03
3.72E-01
6,59E*03
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 OEG C AND 760MM HG
-71-
-------
SRI-2 12-16-7S 1<455 PflKT-2
JMPACTOR FLfJURATE = n,0?n ACF"
IMPACTOR PRESSURE D«OP s 2.0 IN. OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY = \ ,H(, GM/CU.O,
GAS COMPOSITION.' (PERCENT) C03 = 8.57
CAlC, MASS LOADING = 2.1U99E+00 GR/ACF
IMPACTDR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT or MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM. (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (OH/ACM SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/DSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD (MG/08CM)
DN/DLOGO (NO. PARTICLE3/OSCM)
SAMPLING DURATION
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE s 392,0 F s !<>«,« c
STACK TEMPERATURE - 562.0 F B 19a,« C
STACK PRESSURE s 30.00 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER a 100,0 MICROMETF.RS
1,00 MIN
CO a 0,00
5,1««5E+00 GR/DSCF
SO SI
1 2
fc.ll 3.U5
2.5« 0,38
N2 s 39,Kt, 02 » 7,OR
5,6062E*03 MQ/ACM
S3 S4 85
« 5 h
1,39 0,72 0,50
1.17 «,3S 2.00
1,08E*03 «,03Et03 1,85E»03
82
3
2,02
0.53
2.35E+03 3.52E*02
1,OOE*02 6,OOE»01 7,70t*01 7.28E+01 6.36E+01 2.94Et01
«,U9E+03 «.32E»03 fl,06E*03 3,57E*03 1.6SE+OJ 7,b4E+02
1,96E*00 1.B9E+00 1.78E+00 1.56E+00 7.20E-01 3.31E-01
1.12E+00 3.96E*00 3.75E+00 3.27E*00 1.51E+00 7.01E-01
2,«7E*01 U.59E+00 2.6
-------
SRI-3 12-16-75 1701 PORT-S
IMPACTPR FLOWPATE s 0,079 ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE DP-OP » z.t> IN, OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY = 1.46 GM/CU.CM.
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 s 6.57
CALC. MASS LOADING a l,6468EtOO GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM. (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN D50
CUM, (GR/OSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN OIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD (MG/OSCM)
DN/DLOGD (NO, PARTICLFS/DSCM)
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE = 383,0 F s 194,0 C SAMPLING DURATION s 1,00 M1N
STACK TEMPERATURE B 382,0 F a 194,4 C
STACK PRESSURE ?9,85 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER * 100,0 MICROMETERS
CO B 0,00
3.4754E+00 GR/DSCF
SO Si 82
1 Z 3
6,15 3,48 2,04
0,55 0.29 0,30
7,08
N2 B 39,86 02
3.7684E+03 MG/ACM
S3 84 SS
456
1,40 0,72 0.50
0,36 3,45 2,07
5,19E*02 2.74E+02 2.83E+02 3.40E+02 3.25C*03 1,95E*03
l.OOE+02 9,35Et01 9.00E+01 8.65E*01 8.22E+01 4,13E*01
3,52E*03 3,39E»03 3.26E+03 3,10E*03 l,5bE+03 6,30E*02
1,50E+00 1.48E+00 1.42E+00 1.35E+00 6.80E-01 2.76E-0!
3.25E+00 3.13E+00 3.01E+00 2.86E+00 1.43E+00 5.81E-01
2.48E401 4.62E+00 2,66E»00 1.69E«00 l.OOE+00 6.00E-01
4,28E»02 1.10E+03 1.22E+03 2.08E+03 1.13E+04 1.24Ef04
3.67E+07 1.U6E+10 8.47E+10 5,66E+lt 1.46Etl3 7,52E*13
H20 a 25.50
7.9530E+03 MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
1.33E+03
3.54E-01
4.42E+03
1.30E+14
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEG C AND 760MM HG
-73-
-------
SRI-4 12-16-7S J750 PORT-6
IMPACTOR FLO«fr»TF = 0,075 ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE OKOP = 2.8 IN. OF HG
ASSUMED PAPUCLE DENSITY = i.«6 GM/CU.CM.
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) CO? B 8.57
CALC, MASS LOADING s 2.5988E+00 6R/ACF
JMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
D50 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (RR/ACF) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (SR/DScF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOCD (MG/08CM)
DN/DL06D (NO, PARTICLES/OSCM)
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE 382,o F e i9«.« c SAMPLING DURATION a 1,00 MIN
STACK TEMPERATURE = 3P2.0 F = 194.0 C
STACK PRESSURE s 29,85 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER » 100,0 MICROMETERS
CO B 0,00
5.4847E+00 GR/DSCF
80 SI 82
1 2 3
6,32 3,57 2,09
0,61 3.00 0,42
N2 » 39,86 02 7,08
5,9«70E*03 MG/ACM
S3 SO S5
fl 5 6
1,44 0.74 0.52
1,77 3.52 1.89
6.06E+02 2.98E+03 4.17E+02 1.76E+03 3.50E*03 1.88E+OJ
l.OOE+02 9.52E*01 7.14E+01 6.8JE+01 5,41Ef01 2.62E+01
5.66E+03 4.25E+03 4,05E*03 3,22E*03 1.56E+03 6.69E+02
2.47E+00 1.86E+00 l,77EtOO 1.41E+00 6.61E-01 2.92E-01
5,22E*00 S,92E*00 3.73E+00 2.97E+00 1.4«E+00 6.17E-01
2.51E+01 4.75E+00 2.73E*00 1.74E+00 1.03E+00 6.19E-01
5,05E*02 1.20E+04 1.80E+03 1.08E+04 1.21E+04 1,20E*04
4.16E+07 1.4TE*11 1.15E+11 2,70f+12 1.44E413 6.62Etl3
H20 s 25,50
1,2551E+0« MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
1.02
1.41E+03
3.65E-01
4.69E+03
1.26E+14
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEG C AND 760MM HG
-74-
-------
SRI-5 12-17-75 1220 PORT-l
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE « o.oeo ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE DROP * 3.5 IN, OF HC
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY = 1.46 GM/CU.CM.
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) COS e
CALC, MASS LOADING * 7.B512E-01 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN D50
CUM, (GR/OSCF) SMALLER THAN 030
GEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGO CMG/OSCM)
DN/DLOGD (NO, PARTICLES/DSCM)
SAMPLING DURATION
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE « 389,0 F » 198,3 C
STACK TEMPERATURE » 339,0 F » 193,3 c
STACK PRESSURE B 29,83 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER « 100.0 MICROMETERS
1,00 MIN
9.67 CO a 0.00
1.6743E+00 GR/DSCF
SO 81 32
1 2 3
6.11 3,15 2,02
0,25 0.27 0,22
N2 40.83 02 ° 4.84
1.7966E+03 MG/ACM
S3 S4 85
4 5 6
1,39 0.71 0,49
0,26 0,75 1.38
2.35E+02 2.S4E+02 2,07E*02 2.45E+02 7.06E+02 1.30E+03
1,OOE*02 9.39E+01 8.72E+01 8,18Et01 7.54E+01 5,70E*01
1,69E*03 1.57E+03 1.47E*03 1.36E+03 1,02E*03 4.1SCt02
7.37E-01 6.B5E-01 6.42E-01 5.92E-01 4.«8E"01 1.81E-01
1.5rE*00 1.46E+00 1.37E*00 1.26E+00 9.54E-01 3.87E-01
2,47Et01 4,59EtOO 2.6«E+00 1.68E+00 9.96E-01 5.94E-01
1.94E+02 1.02E+03 8,93E*02 1.50E+03 2.U3E+03 8.18E+03
l,68Et07 1.3BE+10 6.32E+10 4.16E+11 3.23F+12 5.11E+13
H20 25,61
3,8315E»03 MG/OSCM
FILTER
7
0,98
8.85E+02
3.50E-01
2,9«E>03
8.98E+13
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC C AND 760MM HG
-75-
-------
SRI-6 \Z-\T-Ti 1225 PORT-2
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE s 0,080 ACFM
IMPACTOR PRF.SSURf DROP = 2.7 IN, OF HG
ASSUMED PARTicLt DENSITY = 1,46 GM/CU.CM.
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 f
CALC, MASS LOADING a 1.9541E+00 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM. (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN D50
CUM, (GR/DSCF) SMALLER THAN D50
GEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD (MG/OSCM)
ON/DLOGO (NO, PARTICLES/D3CM)
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE 399,0 F a 198,3 c
STACK TEMPERATURE a 389,0 F B 198,3 C
STACK PRESSURE 29,83 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER
SAMPLING DURATION s 1,00 HIM
9,67 CO s 0,00
-------
SRI-7 12-17-75 1530 PORT.3
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE s 0,080 ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE DROP s 2.5 IN. OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY = 1.46 GM/CU.CM,
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 e
CALC, MASS LOADING * 2..5483E + 00 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
D50 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN D50
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN D50
CUM, (GR/D8CF) SMALLER THAN 050
SEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD (MG/OSCM)
DN/OLOGD (NO. PARTICLES/DSCM)
SAMPLING DURATION
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE s 389,0 F B 196,3 C
STACK TEMPERATURE = 389,0 F s 198,3 C
STACK PRESSURE r 29,83 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER a 100,0 MICROMETERS
1,00 MIN
9,67 CO a 0.00
5.4344E+00 CR/DSCF
SO SI 32
1 2 3
6,11 3,45 2,02
3,90 0.63 0,51
4,84
N2 a 40,83 02
5.8313E+03 MG/ACM
85 S4 35
456
1,39 0,71 0,50
1.31 3,71 1,71
3.67E+03 5.93E+02 4.60E+02 1.2JE+03 3,49E«03 l,blE+OJ
l.OOE+02 7.05E+01 6.57E+01 6.19E+01 5.19E+01 2.39E+01
4.11E+03 J.83E+03 3,61E*03 3.03E+03 1.39E+03 6,36E*02
1.80E+00 1.67E+00 1.58E+00 1.32E+00 6,08E»01 2.78E-01
3.83E+00 3,57E*00 3.36E+00 2,82EfOO 1.30E+00 5.93E-01
2,47Et01 4.60E+00 2.64E+00 1,68E*00 9,96E>01 S.96E-01
3.03E+03 2.39E+03 2.07E+03 7.56E+03 1.21E+04 1.02E+04
2,fe2E*08 3.22E+10 1.46E+11 2.09E+12 1.60Etl3 6.33E+13
H20 * 25,61
1.2436E+04 MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
1,44
1,36E*03
3.51E-01
4.50E+03
1.36E+14
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC C AND 760MM HG
-77-
-------
SRI-6 12-17-75 !5«5 POHT-a
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE = 0,080 ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE. DROP * 2,1 IN. OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY = 1.
-------
SRI-9 12-17.75 1705 PORT-6
IMPACTOR FLOHRATE = o.oeo ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE DROP * 2.6 IN, OF MG
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY = i,«6 GM/CU.CM.
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) COS »
CALC, MASS LOADING a 1.1632E+00 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
D50 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN DSO
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLF-R THAN DSO
CUM, (GR/DSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD (MG/DSCM)
DN/DLOGD (NO, PARTICLES/DSCM)
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE a 389,0 F t 198,3 C SAMPLING DURATION * 1,00 MIN
STACK TEMPERATURE a 389,0 F » 196,3 C
STACK PRESSURE s 29,83 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER a 100,0 MICROMETERS
9.67 CO a 0,00
2.4B07E+00 GR/DSCF
SO SI S2
1 2 3
6,11 3.45 2.02
0,60 O.ia 0,23
N2 a 40.83 02 * 4,84
2.6616E+03 MG/ACM
S3 S4 85
4 S 6
1,39 0.71 0,50
0,36 2.60 1.14
5.65E+02 1.32E+02 2.I7E+02 3.39E+02 2.45E+03 1.07E+05
l.OOC+02 9,01Et01 8,77E*01 8,39E*01 7,79E*01 3,48E*01
2.40E+03 2.3UE+03 2,23Et03 2.07E*05 9,27E*02 «,24E»02
1.05EtOO 1.02E+00 9.76E-01 9.07E-01 4.05E-01 1.8SE-01
2,23E*00 2,18E»00 2.08E+00 1.93E*00 8.64E-01 3.95E-01
2,47Et01 4.60E400 2.64E+00 1.68E+00 9.96E-01 5.95E-01
4.65E402 5.31E*02 9.33E+02 2.08E+03 8,45E*03 6.81E+03
4.03E+07 7.16E+09 6.60E+10 5,76Etll 1.12E+13 4.22Efl3
H20 * 25,61
5.6766E+OS MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
0,96
9.04E*02
5.51E-01
3,OOEt03
9.07EM3
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC C AND 760MM HG
-79-
-------
SRI-IO i?-i7-7S
TMPACTOK FLOWRATE = O.OBO ACFM
IMPACT PRESSURE DROP = 3.0 IN. OF HG
ASSUMED PAKTICLR OF.NSiry r \,Qb GM/CU.CM,
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 s
CALC. MASS LOADING s a,7956E+00 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INRM NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS}
MG/DSCM/STAGF
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (MR/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, (GR/oscF) SMALLER THAN oso
GEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGO (MG/DSCM)
ON/DLOGO (NO, PARTICUE8/OSCM)
SAMPLING DURATION
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE = 369.o F a 198.3 c
STACK TEMPERATURE » 369,0 F = 198,3 C
STACK PRESSURE « 39,83 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMtTt* * 100,0 MICROMETERS
1,00 MIN
9.67
N? s 40,83
S3
4
1,39
0,90
02
MC/ACM
84 SS
5 6
0,71 0,50
3,22 2.12
a, 84
CO s 0,00
1.0227E+01 GR/DSCF
SO Si S2
1 2 3
6,11 3,45 2,02
8,68 7.23 l.ao
8.17E+03 6,81Et03 1.32E+03 8,47E»02 3.03E*03 2,OOE*03
1,OOE»02 6.51E+01 3.60E+01 3,04E*01 2.68E+01 1.38E+01
7.UE+03 3.95E+03 3.33E+03 2.9«E*03 1.51E+03 5.79E+02
3.12E+00 1.73E1-00 1.46E+00 1,26E*00 6.62E-01 2.S3E-0!
6.66E+00 3.68E*00 3.I1E+00 2,74E*00 1.U1E+00 5.39E-01
2.47E+01 a,60EtOO 2.6UE+00 1.68E+00 9.96E-01 5.9SE-01
6.73E+03 2.74E+04 5,68E«03 5,19£*03 1.05Et04 1.26E+04
5,83E*08 3,70Etll 4,02E*11 1,«4E*12 1,36C*13 7.85Efl3
H20 o 25,61
2.3403E+04 MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
1.31
1.23E+03
3.51E-01
a,iot*o3
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC C AND 760MM HO
-80-
-------
SRI-ll 12-17-75 1912 PORT.3
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE = 0.080 ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE DROP = 2.7 IN, OF HG
ASSl'MFD PARTICLE DENSITY = 1,Ub GM/CU.CM.
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) COS s
CAU, MASS LOADING a 2.1933E+00 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN DSD
CUM, (MG/ACM) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/OSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN DIA. (MICROMETERS)
OM/OLOGD (MG/OSCM)
ON/DLOGO (NO, PARTICLES/OSCM)
SAMPLING DURATION
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE s 389,0 F 198,3 C
STACK TEMPERATURE a 389,0 F = 198,3 c
STACK PRESSURE s 29,83 IN, OF HG MAX. PARTICLE DIAMETER * 100,0 MICROMETERS
1,00 MIN
9.67 CO = 0,00
4.6775E+00 GR/DSCF
SO SI S2
1 2 3
6,11 3.U5 2,02
0.63 0,32 0,61
U,6n
N2 = 00,83 02
5,oi9iE»o3 MG/ACM
S3 Sfl 85
456
1,39 0,71 0,50
1,78 a, 52 1,77
5.93E+02 3.01E+02 5,7UEt02 1.68E+03 4.26E+03 1.67E+OJ
l.OOE+02 9,a5E*01 9.16E+01 8.63E+01 7.06E+01 3.09E+01
a,7«E+03 «.60£*03 «,33E»03 3,5aE+03 1.55E+OJ 7,68Et02
2,07E*00 2.01E+00 1.89E+00 1.55E+00 6.77E-01 3.36E-01
4.42E+00 1.29E+00 U,OUE»00 3.30E+00 1.4UE+00 7.16E-01
2,«7E*01 «.60E+00 2,6«E*00 J.68E+00 9.96E-01 5.95E-01
U.89E+02 1.21E+03 2,48Et03 1.03E+04 1.U7E+OU 1.06E+OU
1,23Ef07 1,6«E+10 1.75E+11 2.8SE+12 l,9aE+13 6,S6Etl3
H20 = 25.61
l,070aEtO« MG/DSCM
FILTER
7
1.6UF+OJ
3.51E-01
5,«aE+03
1,65E*1«
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEG C AND 760MM HG
-81-
-------
PORT . ?N
IMPACTOR ^CO^HATE = O.J9S ACFM
PRESSURE n«OP s b.O IN, OF HG
PARTICIF DENSITY s l.Ufc r,M/CU,CI"l. STACK PRESSURE
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 = 15.50
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE = ano.o f = 20«,« c SAMPLING DURATION = «R.OO MJN
STACK TEMPERATURE = «00.0 F a 20a,« C
JO.tO IM. OF HG MAX. PARTICLE DIAMETER s 100,0 MICROMETERS
CALC, MASS LOADING = 5.1227E.03 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAKE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGF.
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN DBO
CUM, (MG/ACM) SAMLLER THAN D50
CUM, CGR/ACF) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM. (GR/OSCF) SMALLE" THAN 050
6EO. MEAN OIA. (MICROMETERS)
OM/DLOGD (MG/DSCM)
ON/DLOGO (NO. PARTJCLES/OSCM)
«9,10 . 02 = 7.50
1.1722E+01 MG/ACM
sa
4
2,58
0,57
85
5
1,43
1,17
S6
6
0,75
0,86
S7
7
0,31
0,98
co = o.oo
1.1040E-02 GR/DSCF
SI S2 S3
1 2 3
31.59 13,78 5.25
0,75 0,79 O.flO
3.05E+00 3.21E*00 1.63E+00 2.32E+00 «,76E*00 3.50E+00 3.98E+00 3.17E+00
88,10 75,56 69,21 60,16 fll,59 27.94 12,39
1,01E*01 8,86E*00 8.11E+00 7,05E*00 «,88E+00 3,28E*00 1.45E+00
fl,51E-03 3.87E-OJ 3.55E-03 3.08E-03 2.13E-03 1.43E-03 6,34E-Oa
9.73E-03 8.34E-03 7,6aE-83 6.64E-03 a,59E-03 3.08E-03 1.37E.03
5,62E*01 2.09E+01 6,51E*00 3.69E+00 1.93E+00 l.OUE+00 4.fllt-01 2.J9E-01
6.09E+00 8,91E»00 3,88E*00 7.52E+00 1.86E*01 1.24E+01 l.OUE+01 1.05E+01
a.49E+04 1.28Et06 8,2«E*06 1.97E+08 3.41E+09 l.a6E+10 1.22E+11 1.31F+12
H20 = 26.10
2.5262E+01 MG/DSCM
FILTER
8
0.78
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC c AND 760 MM HG
-82-
-------
SKO-2 11-1,5-75 il:50 PORT - 2W
IMPACTOR FLPWRATE = i.isu ACFM
IMPA'CTOR PRESSURE DROP = 7,0 IN, OF HG
ASSUMEO PARTICLE
= 1,46 GM/CU.CM.
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE s 3*5,0 F = les.o c SAMPLING DURATION « «8,oo MIN
STACK TEMPERATURE e 365,0 F n 185,0 C
STACK PRESSURE = 30,08 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER = 100,0 MICROMETERS
GAS COMPOSITION (PEHCfcNT) C02
CALC. MASS LOADING r 8,«801E-03 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, CMC/AC*) SAMLLER THAN DSO
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN DSO
CUM, (GR/OSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO. MEAN DIA. (MICROMETERS)
OM/OLOGD (MG/DSCM)
DN/DLOGD (NO. PARTICLES/DSCM)
N2 8 49,10 02 s 7,50
1,9«05E+01 MG/ACM
84
a
i.as
1.50
85
5
0,79
0,54
36
6
0.39
l.«7
87
7
0.13
1,91
« 15,50 CO s 0,00
1.7512E-02 GR/DSCF
SI S2 S3
I 2 3
18,12 7,88 2,98
23,37 0,38 0,69
3.12E+01 5,08E«01 9.23E-01 2.01E+00 7.22E-01 1.97E+00 2,55E*00 7.62F.-01
23,21 21,96 19.69 14,76 12.99 8.15 1.88
4.50E+00 «,2feE+00 3.B2E+00 2.86E+00 2,52E*00 1.58E+00 J.feUE-Ol
1.97E-03 1,86E«OS 1.67E-03 1.25E-03 1.10E-03 6.92E-04 1.59E-04
4.07E-03 3.85E-03 3,fl5E"03 2.59E-03 2,28E»03 1.43E-03 3,29E.O«
«,26E+01 1.20E+01 4.65E+00 2.08E+00 1.07E+00 5.54E-01 2.26E-01 9,22E»02
a.21E+01 1.U1E+00 2.18E+00 6.38E+00 2.72E+00 6.U9E*00 5.J6E+00 2.5JE+00
7.1UE+05 1.08E+06 2.51E+07 9.34E+08 2.95Et09 4.99E+10 6.09E+11 4,23E+t2
H20 c 26,10
4.0143E+01 MG/DSCM
FILTER
8
0.57
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC C AND 760 MM HG
-83-
-------
SPO-3 H-17-7S ?!«9 PORT - ?W
ifPACnw FLOWW*I> = 0,779 ACFM
IMPACTnR PRESSURF 0«OP = U.« IN. OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLE ni^snv = i.<*h GM/CU.CM. STACK PHESSUHF = 30,08 IN, OF HG
GAS COMPOSITION CPKPCF.NT) co? s i5',50 co s o.oo
CALC, MASS LOADING = 0.9250E-03 GW/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAUE INDEX NUMBER
D50
MASS
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN DSO
CUM, (MG/ACM) SAMLLER THAN DSO
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN DSO
CUM, (GR/OSCF) SMALLER THAN D50
GF;O, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGO (MG/OSCM)
DN/OLOGD (NO. PAHTICLES/DSCM)
si
i
22.08
TEMPERATURE s 365.o F s las.o c
STACK TEMPERATURE = 365,0 F = 185,0 C
MAX. PARTICLE DIAMETEH
« «9,10
i,i27oE*oi MG/ACM
S5 36
5 6
0,98 0,50
SAMPLING DURATION = «8,00
S4
0
1,78
100,0 MICROMETFRS
02 s 7,50 H20 = 26.10
2.3MUE + 01
FILTER
a
S7
7
!.oi88E-o2 GR/DSCF
S2 S3
2 3
9,62 3.65 1,78 0,98 0,50 0,20
5,97 0,87 0,69 0,82 1,<16 1,55 0,19 0.18
1.18E+01 1,72E*00 1.76E+00 1,62E*00 2,89E*00 3,07E*00 3.76E-01 3.57E-01
09,96 02,67 35,21 28,3a 16,10 3,11 1,51
5.63E+00 0,81E*00 3,97E*00 3,19E*00 1.81E*00 3.50E-C1 1.71E-01
2,a6E-03 2.10E-03 1.7JE-03 1.40E*03 7.9SE-00 1.53E-00 7,a6E-05
5.09E-03 «,35E-03 3.59E-03 2,89E>03 1,64E«03 3,16E-0« 1,5«E.O«
a.70E+01 1.U6E+01 5.93E+00 2,55E*00 1,32E*00 6.97E-01 3.19E-01 1.05E-01
1.80E*01 (I,77E+00 '4.19E+00 5.22E+00 1,11E*01 1.05E+01 9.77E.01 1,18E»00
2,27E*05 2.02E+06 2,63E*07 U.11E+08 6.31E+09 a,OOE+10 3.93E+10 5.10F.+11
NORMAL OR STANDARD COMDITIONS ARE 21 OEG C AND 760 MM HG
-84-
-------
n-17-75 j:uo PORT - aw
IMPACTS FLUWRATE = 0.792 ACFM
IMPACTOS PRESSURE DROP s 3.6 IN. OF HG
ASSUMED PARTJCIE DENSITY = 1,46 GM/CU.CM.
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE s 370,0 F s Ifl7,8 C
STACK TEMPERATURE = 370.0 F a 187.8 C
STACK PRESSURE s 30,08 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER
SAMPLING DURATION s 48.00 MIN
100,0 MICROMETERS
SI
1
21,9.5
n,fl4
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 s 15,50
CALC, MASS LOADING = 1.7086E-03 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGfc
CUM. PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN DSO
CUM. (MG/ACM) SAMLLER THAN DSO
CUM. (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN DSO
CUM, (GR/DScF) SMALLE" THAN DSO
GEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD (MG/DSCM)
DN/OLOGD (NO. PARTICUES/OSCMI
1
0
S4
4
.77
.31
N2 s 49.10
3.9098E+
S5
5
0,97
0,71
02
oo MG/ACM
S6
6
0,49
1.21
» ?,
87
7
0,21
0,20
CO = 0,00
3.5559E-03 GR/DSCF
32 S3
a 3
9,56 3.63
0,11 0,5«
1.65E+00 2.16E-01 1.06E+00 6,07Ef01 1.39E+00 2.37E+00 3.92E-01 5.68E-01
80,05 77,U4 64,61 57,25 40.39 11.64 6.AV
3.13E + 00 3.03E + 00 2.53E + 00 2.24E + 00 1.56E + 00 4.55E-01 2.70E-01
1.37E-03 1.32E-03 1.10E-03 9.78E-04 6,90E-0« 1.99E-04 1.18F.-OU
2.85E-03 2.75E-03 2.30E-03 2.04E-03 1.44E-03 4.14E-04 J.aSE-OU
4,69E*01 1.45E+01 5,89E*00 2.53E+00 1.31E+00 6.92E-01 3.P2E-01 1.4SE-01
2.50E+00 5.97E-01 2,51E*00 1.95E+00 5.33E+00 8.06E+00 1.0&E+00 1.89E+00
3.18E+04 2,57E*05 1,61E*07 1.57E+08 3.10E+09 3.19E+JO U.1SE-HO 7.55E+11
H20 s 26,10
8,1372EtOO MG/DSCM
FILTER
8
0.29
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC C AND 760 MM HG
-85-
-------
5
SRO-q it-)4-75 9:so PORT - 2N,2w
IMPACTOU FLOWWATF = 0,852 ACFH
TMPACTnR PRESSHRF pRnP = b.7 IN, OF HR
ASSUMtD PARTICLE DENSITY = l.«6 GM/CU.CM.
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE r 412,0 F = 211,1 C SAMPLING DURATION a 48.00 HJN
STACK TEMPERATURE = U12.0 f = 211.1 C
STACK PRESSURE f 30,16 IN, OF HG MAX. PARTICLE DIAMETFH = 100,0 MICROMETERS
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 B 15.50
CALC, MASS LOADING = 1.5411E-03 GH/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE SI
STAGE INDEX NUMBER 1
D50 (MICROMETERS) 21.87
MASS (MILLIGRAMS) 0.20
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (MG/ACM) SAMLLER THAN DSO
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/DSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN DIA. (MICROMETERS)
DM/OLOGD (MG/DSCM)
DN/OLOGD (NO. PARTICI.ES/DSCM)
CO s 0,00
3.3608E-03 GR/DSCF
S2 S3
2 3
9,52 3,61
0,29 0.30
4
1.76
0.18
N2 r 49,10 02 s 7.50
3.5266E+00 MG/ACM
SS S6 37
567
0,96 0.48 0,18
0,94 1,57 0,32
H20 = 26.10
7.6907E+00 MG/DSCM
FILTER
a
0,19
3.91E-01 5.67E-01 5.86E-01 3.52E-01 1.84E+00 3.07E+00 6.25E-01 3.71E-01
9<1.99 87,72 80,21 75,69 52,14 12.79 U,77
3,35E*00 3.09E+00 2.83E+00 2.67E+00 1,8«E*00 U.51E-01 l.bBE-01
l,a6F-03 1,35E«03 1.24E-03 1.17E-03 6.03E-04 1.97E-04 7.35E-05
3.19E-03 2.95E.03 2.70E-03 2.54E-03 1.75E-03 4.30E-04 t,bOE«04
-------
SRO-13 M-l'K-75 3«30 PUP-T 2N,2*
IMPACTOR HOWBATE s o,787 ACFM
IMPACTOR PHCSSUHE DROP = 4,2 IN, OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLE DfNSITY e 1,46 GM/CU.CM.
SAMPLING DURATION
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE * 395.0 F B 196.1 c
STACK TEMPERATURE « 385,0 F * 196,1 C
STACK PRESSURE s 30.16 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER s 100,0 MICROMETERS
48,00 MIN
SI
1
22,18
0,72
GAS COMPOSITION (PF.RCENT) C02 « 15.50
CALC, MASS LOAtMNG 3 3.4421E.-03 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
D50 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM. PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, (MO/ACM) SAMLLER THAN oso
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN D50
CUM, (GR/OSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN DIA, (MICROMETERS)
OM/OLOGO (MG/OSCM)
DN/DLOGD (NO, PARTICLES/DSCM)
N2 a «9,10 02
7,8767E*00 MG/ACM
7,50
84
4
1.79
0.63
35
5
0,98
2,04
86
6
0.50
2,85
87
7
0,21
0,46
CO s 0,00
7,27396-03 GR/DSCP
32 S3
2 3
9,66 3,66
0,37 1,01 0,63 2.0U 2,85 0,16 0,35
1.44E+00 7.41E-01 2.02E+00 1.26E+00 4.08E+00 5,70E*00 9.21E.Q1 7,OOE»01
91,46 87,07 75,09 67,62 43.42 9,61 4,16
7.20E+00 6.86E+00 5,91E*00 5.5JE+00 3,42E*00 7,576-01 3.27E.01
3.15E-03 3.00E-03 2.58E-03 2.33E-03 1.49E-03 3,31E»04 },43E*04
6.65E-03 6.33E-03 5.46E-03 4,92E«03 3.16E-03 6.99E-04 3.02E-04
U.7JE+01 1.46Ef01 5.95E+00 2.56E+00 1.32E*00 6.98E-01 3.20E.01 1.U5E-01
2.20E+00 2,05EtOO «.80E+00 4.04E+00 1.56E+01 1,94E*01 2,40E+00 2,33EfOO
2.76E+04 8,55Et05 2.98E+07 3,16E*08 8,82E*09 7.46F+10 9,61E*10 9.94E+11
H20 B 26,10
1.6645E+01 MG/OSCM
FILTER
8
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEG C AND 760 MM HG
-87-
-------
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE = o,698 ACFM
TMPACTOR PRESSURE DROP = 3.3 IN, OF HR
ASSUMED PARTICLE nF.NSITY = l.rth f.M/CU.CM,
IMPACTOH TEMPERATURE = 305,0 F s 201,7 c SAMPLING DURATION = 72,00 MJN.
STACK TEMPERATURE = 395,0 F a 201,7 C
STACK PRESSURE s 30,10 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER a 100.0 "ICROMETEKS
81
1
23.68
0,53
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 s 15.50
CALC. MASS LOADING = 1.V709E-03 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE 'INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/OSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, (MG/ACM) SAMLLf.R THAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, (GR/DSCF) SMALLER THAN oso
GEO, ME:AN OIA. (MICROMETERS)
DM/OLOGO (MG/OSCM)
ON/OLOGD (NO, PARTICLES/OSCM)
CO a 0,00
0.2226E-03 SR/OSCF
S2 S3 SO
2 3 0
10.32 3.92 1.91
1.19 0.60 0,31
N2 « a9.10 02
a.5100E+00 MG/ACM
35 86
5 6
1.05 0.5«
0.75 1,78
7,50
37
7
0.23
0,85
H20 = 26.10
9,6627E*00 MG/DSCM
FILTER
8
0,41
8.09E-01 1.82E+00 9.15E-01 0.73E-01 1.10E+00 2.72E+00 1.30E+00 6.25E-01
91.75 73.21 63.H7 59,00 07.36 19,63 6.39
0.14E+00 3.30E+00 2,66E*00 2.66E400 2.1UE+00 8.85E-01 2.88E-01
1.81E-03 1.U4E-OJ 1.26E-03 1.16E-03 9.33E-04 3.87E-04 1.26E-00
3.87E-03 3.09E-03 3.70E-03 2.09E-03 2.00E.03 8.29E-OU 2,70E-0<4
«.87E*01 1.56E+01 6.36E+00 2.74E+00 1,42E*00 7.50E-01 3.5UE-01 1.65E-01
l,29EtOO 5.01E+00 2.16E+00 1.52E+00 0,39E+00 9,29E>00 3,60E*00 2,08EtOO
1.47E+00 1.72E+06 1.11E+07 9.69E+07 2.02E+09 2.68E»10 1,06E*11 6.01E+11
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC C AND 760 MM HG
-88-
-------
SRO-17 11-19-75 ?!UO PORT « ?N,2W
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE s o.68i ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE DROP » 1.8 IN, OF HC
ASSUMEn PARTICLE DENSITY e 1.46 GM/CU.CM,
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE a 395,0 F 201.7 C SAMPLING DURATION B 96,00 MIN
STACK TEMPERATURE * 395,0 F = 20t,7 C
STACK PRESSURE s 30,10 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER = 100,0 MICROMETERS
Si
1
23,98
1,01
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) CO? = 15.50
CALC, MASS LOADING s 2.1502E»03 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGF,
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
D50 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM. PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, (MG/ACM) SAMLLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/ACF) SMALLER THAN 050
CUM, (GR/DSCF) SMALLER THAN 050
GEO, MEAN OIA, (MICROMETERS)
DM/DLOGD (MG/DSCM)
DN/DLOGO (NO, PARTICLES/DSCM)
84
4
1.94
0,58
N2 = «9,10 02
«,9203E»00 MG/ACM
S5 Sh
5 6
1.06 0,54
1.64 3,30
* 7.50
87
7
0,22
0,77
CO a 0,00
4.6067E-03 GR/OSCF
S2 S3
2 3
10,«5 3,97
0,27 0,80
1,18E*00 3.17E-01 9.38E-01 6.80E-01 1,92E*00 3,87E*00 9.03E-01 8.68E-01
88,92 85.95 77.17 70.81 52.80 16,56 8,13
4.38E+00 4.23E+00 3.80E+00 3.U8E+00 2.60E+00 8.16E-01 a.OOE-01
1.91E-03 1.85E-03 1.66E-03 1.52E-03 1.14E-03 3.56E-04 1.75E-OU
4.10E-03 3.96E-03 3.56E-03 3.26E-03 2,43E>03 7.64E-04 3.74E-OU
4,90E*01 I,58£t01 6.40E+00 2.77E+00 1.44E+00 7.61E-01 3.47E-01 1.56E-0)
1.91E+00 8.78E-01 2.23E+00 2.19E+00 7.39E+00 1.33E+01 2,31E»00 2.88E+00
2.13E+04 2.B9E+05 1.09E+07 1.34E+08 3,26Et09 3.94E+10 7,215E+10 9.84E+11
H20 = 26.10
1.0542E+01 MG/DSCM
FILTER
8
0,74
MORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEG C AND 760 MM HG
-89-
-------
SRO-2 12-16-75 1616 PORT - 2N
IMPACTOR FLO*RATE r o,626 ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURF DROP s 3,6 IN, OF HG
ASSUMFO PARTICI-t DENSITY = l.flh G*/CU,Cl"
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02
CALC, MASS LOADING s 9.tU83F.-010 2,71E»11
H20 = 25,50
a,3333E+00 MG/DSCM
FILTER
8
0.16
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEC C AND 760 MM HG
-90-
-------
SRO-U 12-17-75 JBOO PORT 2N,2*
IMPACTOR FLOWRATE a o.697 ACFM
IMPACTOR PRESSURE DROP * 2,6 IN. OF HG
ASSUMED PARTICLE DENSITY s l.«6 GM/CU.CM,
GAS COMPOSITION (PERCENT) C02 s 9,67
CALC, MASS LOADING s 1.4861E-03 GR/ACF
IMPACTOR STAGE
STAGE INDEX NUMBER
050 (MICROMETERS)
MASS (MILLIGRAMS)
MG/DSCM/STAGE
CUM, PERCENT OF MASS SMALLER THAN oso
CUM, (MG/ACM) SAMLLER THAN oso
CUM. «-,R/ACF) SMALLER THAN D50
CUM, (eR/oscF) SMALLER THAN oso
GEO. MEAN DiA. (MICROMETERS)
OM/OLOGD (MG/DSCM)
DN/DLORD (NO. PARTICLES/DSCM)
IMPACTOR TEMPERATURE f 390.0 F s 198.9 C SAMPLING DURATION e 120,00
STACK TEMPERATURE « 390,0 F a 198,9 C
STACK PRESSURE a ?9.79 IN, OF HG MAX, PARTICLE DIAMETER = 100,0 MICROMETERS
31
1
23,45
3.54
CO s o.OO
3.1772E-03 GR/DSCF
82 S3 54
2 3 «
10,21 3,87 1,68
0,12 0,46 0.23
N2 B 40.63 02 = 4,84
3.4007E+00 MG/ACM
35 S6 37
567
1.03 0.52 0.23
0.61 1.75 1,03
H20 = 25.61
7.2705E+00 MG/OSCM
FILTER
8
0,32
3,24E*00 1.10E-01 4.21E-01 2.10E-01 5.56E-01 1.60E+00 9.42E-01 2.93E-01
56,08 54,60 48,89 46,03 38,47 16,75 3.98
1.91E+00 1.86E+00 1.66E+00 1.57E+00 1.31E+00 5.70E-01 1.35E-01
B.33E-OU 8.11E-04 7.27E-04 6.84E-04 5,72t-0« 2,49E»04 5.91E-05
1.78E-03 1.73E-03 1.55E-03 1.46E-03 1.22E-03 5.32E-04 1.26E-04
4.84E+01 1.55E+01 6,28EtOO 2.70E+00 l,39EtOO 7.30E-01 3.42E-01 1.60E-01
5.14E+00 3,04E^01 9.98E-01 6.73E-01 2.12E+00 5.38E+00 2.61E+00 9.72E-01
5.92E+04 l,07Ef05 5.26E+06 4,48Et07 1.03E+09 1.81E+10 8,5«E+10 3.12E+11
NORMAL OR STANDARD CONDITIONS ARE 21 DEG C AND 760 MM HG
-91-
-------
SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR DATA REDUCTION OF ULTRAFINE PARTICLE
SIZE MEASUREMENTS
INSTRUMENTATION
A Thermo-Systems Inc. Model 3030 Electrical Aerosol Size Analyzer
(EAA) with a 0.0032 ym to 0.360 ym range at the operating conditions
used (N t = 7 x 106 at 4.0 x 10 9 amperes ionizer current and 50
volts ionizer voltage) was used to determine concentration v_s_ size
information in the ultrafine size range.
PROCEDURES
Once the equipment has been set up as shown schematically in Figure 1,
the flows were adjusted through the sample orifice and the dilution
air orifice, to obtain the desired dilution factor. The EAA was
placed in an automatic scan mode and the current readings for each
channel were manually recorded. At the beginning of each day the
internal calibration points and flows through the EAA were checked,
as described in the instrument manual. These were also periodically
rechecked throughout the day. The optional SOx absorbers and the
cyclone pump shown in Figure 1 were not used in this test.
The theory of operation and basic equations for the EAA have been
given by Liu e_t al1 and calibration of the Model 3030 EAA has been
done by Liu and Pui2 which revises the previous calibration. Table
1 -shows these revised calibration constants in a data reduction
format. The calibration by Liu suggested the use of a calibration
matrix; however typical source fluctuations in industrial processes
generally negate any potential advantage of such refinements. Table
1 is essentially self-explanatory. The heading "D ,ym" (column 3)
is the particle diameter in microns. A value of 0.0100 means that
the center rod voltage is such that all particles of 0.0100 ym
diameter and smaller are collected in the analyzer tube while larger
particles penetrate to the current collecting filter where an electro-
meter measures the total current carried by the unprecipitated par-
ticles. This current represents the charges on all particles larger
-92-
-------
->
CYCLO
PUMP
ATED PROBE J
UJ
I
/
PROCESS EXHAUST LINE
CHARGE NEUTRALIZER '
CYCLONE
ORIFICE WITH BALL AND SOCKET
JOINTS FOR QUICK RELEASE
DUMP
P=|X1BLEED DILUTION DEVICE
CHARGE NEUTRALIZER
f
SIZING
INSTRUMENT
DIFFUSIONAL
DRYER
""-"
te =*
SOX ABSORBERS (OPTIONAL)
HEATED INSULATED BOX
RECIRCULATED CLEAN, DRY, DILUTION AIR
O
FILTER BLEED NO. 2
COOLING COIL
PRESSURE
BALANCING
LINE
a
DRYER
BLEED NO. 1
MANOMETER
Figure 1. Sample Extraction-Dilution System
-------
Table 1
EAA (Model 3030) Data Reduction Form
Concentration, Cumulative Concentration, and dN/d log D from Scan No.
for DF =
10
11
Channel
No.
Collector
Voltage
D , ym
D ., ym AN/AI AlogD
I,pA Al,pA AN AN EN
s s
12
AN /AlogD
S
10
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
196
593
1,220
2,183
3,515
5,387
7,152
8,642
9,647
0.0100
0.0178
0.026
0.036
0.070
0.120
0.185
0.260
0.360
0.0133
0.0215
0.0306
0.0502
0.0917
0.149
0.219
0.306
4.76xl05
2.33xl05
1.47x105
8.33x10"
4.26x10"
2.47x10"
1.56x10"
1.10x10"
0.250
0.165
0.141
0.289
0.234
0.188
0.148
0.141
-------
than 0.0100 ym. This measured current is the basic output of
the Model 3030.
The fourth column (D . ym) is the geometric mean diameter of the
pi /
particles represented by the current difference of two successive
steps (Channel No.'s). For example, the difference in current for
the 0.0100 ym cut-off and the current for the 0.0178 ym cut-off
is the total current collected from particles between these sizes,
or rather for a mean diameter of 0.0133 ym. The current differences
are entered in column 8 headed "AI,pA" (picoAmps).
The fifth column gives the revised calibration factor (based on
the calibration by Liu and Pui) for each of the eight size bands.
These factors are in units of particles per cm3 per picoAmpere.
Multiplying this size specific current sensitivity, AN/AI, (column
5) by the current difference, AI, (column 8) gives the total number
of particles, AN (in units of particles per cm3) within this size
band (column 4). Columns 6 and 12 are used for AN/ALogD information
calculated from the number distribution in column 10. Column 11 is
used for cumulative concentrations, corrected for dilution to
normal conditions with a dilution factor (DF).
The basic data from the EAA is cumulative current for each of nine
channels (column 7). One must then take the differences of the
current readings for successive channels (column 8) in order to
find AN, etc. These AI values are multiplied by a series of con-
stants (AN/AI., DF.) to arrive at AN (concentration in stack
1 D s
corrected to dry, standard conditions). While a single scan will
be made at a constant dilution, different scans may be made at
different dilutions. To simplify the arithmetic, we form the pro-
duct a. = AI. . x DF. and average all such inlet (outlet) products
1 ! / J D
for the same size band. This average is used in Table 2 to calculate
AN , cumulative concentration, and AN/ALogD for each size band. When
5
Table 2 is used the data reduction is as follows:
-95-
-------
Table 2
EAA (Model 3030) Data Reduction Form
Concentration, Cumulative Concentration, and AN/AlogD
From Average a for Condition
1
Channel
No.
3
4
5
vo 6
i
8
9
10
11
2
Collector
Voltage
196
593
1,220
2,183
3,515
5,387
7,152
8,642
9.647
3
D , ym
0.0100
0.0178
0.026
0.036
0.070
0.120
0.185
0.260
0.360
4
Dp±, ym
0.0133
0.0215
0.0306
0.0502
0.0917
0.149
0.219
0.306
5
AN/ A I
4.76xl05
2. 3 3x10 5
1.47xl05
8.33x10*
4.26x10*
2.47x10*
1.56x10*
1.10x10*
6789 10
AlogD a AN £AN AN /AlogD
3 p s s s' *
0.250
0.165
0.141
0.289
0.234
0.188
0.148
0.141
-------
SUMMARY OF THE CALCULATION FORMAT
STEP 1
Calculate all dilution factors (DF.).- inlet and outlet.
STEP 2
Calculate current differences (AI. .) from adjacent channels and
i / J
average the a. products (a. = AI. . x DF.) for the same size band
1 i i * 3 3
for all scans taken at the inlet (outlet). Calculate standard
deviations for each a.. Note: the i subscript denotes size and
the j subscript denotes dilution setting.
STEP 3
Using a. and Table 2 calculate "number concentration" (AN ), "aver-
1 S
age cumulative concentration of all particles having diameter greater
than the indicated size" (ZAN ), and "AN/ALogD" for each size band
o
for the inlet (outlet) .
STEP 4
Plot "Cumulative Concentration vs. Size" for inlet (outlet).
STEP 5
Plot AN/ALogD with plus and minus one standard deviation error bars
inlet (outlet).
STEP 6
Calculate and plot efficiency vs. size with plus and minus one
standard deviation error bars.
SAMPLE CALCULATION FOLLOWING THE CALCULATION FORMAT
STEP 1
Calculate all dilution factors (DF.; corrected to normal conditions:
70°F (21°C) and 29.92 inches of mercury pressure (760 Torr)).
The flow through a calibrated orifice is given by
Q = k
J T x AP
P
where Q is the actual flow through the orifice
T is the orifice temperature
P is the pressure at the high side of the orifice
-97-
-------
AP is the pressure drop across the orifice
and k is a constant of proportionality for a limited range of
AP values.
The flow rate, Q , connected to normal (standard) conditions of
temperature, T , and pressure, P is given by:
QN =
The constant of proportionality, k, is found from the calibration
data thusly:
k = a -I~^
c W T x AP
f c c
Where the subscript c refers to calibration conditions of flow,
pressure, pressure drop, and temperature.
By collecting constants we tabulate a single constant (C ) for each
orifice so that
V
_ P x AP
«M
'N 1 T
where
P
c
Qc J T x AP
* c c
\ /
For example:
If for the .029 orifice, an actual flow rate (Q ) of 1.526 liters
per minute were measured for a pressure drop (AP ) of 10 inches
H20 at temperature (T ) 537°R and pressure (P ) 29.40 inches
C C
mercury
/ 530° \ 29.40"Hg
CN (for .029 orifice) = ^29.92"Hg/ (1'526 1Pm) \ (537°R) (10"H2O)
= 2.00 (for Q in 1pm)
-98-
-------
By definition the dilution factor (DF) is the ratio of the total
flow (Q + Qc) divided by the sample flow (Qc):
D o o
thus DF = - + 1
or
(PD) (4PD)
TS
where the subscripts D and S denote dilution air orifice and sample
air orifice respectively.
The diagram in Figure 2 will help illustrate how the pressures Pc
D
and P are determined.
P0 then is: P0 = ?, + AP_ + AP
S o AMB 7 S
and PD is: PD = P^ + APDU - APcy
where PAMB = ambient absolute pressure
and APy = differential pressure between the internal diluter pres-
sure and ambient (negative when the diluter is negative
to ambient)
APnn = differential pressure, duct to ambient (negative when
duct is negative to ambient)
APp = pressure drop across the cyclone
The calculation of DF is done using a programmable calculator (HP-25)
and the following format is used to collectively restate the data
values for direct input to the calculator each time a different DF
is calculated.
APs TDI PA
APD TDU CS
AP P DF =
-99-
-------
DUCT
p * p > p
amb' amb DiL
( APC
Increasing
Pressure
sv PS PD
) '
JAps (APD X
PDiL (?iluter
internal ^N
pressure) \
\
\
\^_
>»
v
^
^*
*» « -~
AP7 = p ^ p
^ - amb DiL
*
*r
**
pamb; Pamb < PDIL
Figure 2. Diagrammatic representation of pressure drops in the
ultrafine particle sizing system.
-100-
-------
are in
Note: APg, APD, and A?7 and in inches H20, T , and TDU
°R (T = T ) , P and P are in inches Hg, C., = CM c and is for
UU ^ o A ID L\ / o
Q in 1pm (C,, = 590 is programmed in the calculator) .
Typical data may be recorded as follows (for Q in NLPM):
Inlet, Friday (13 May, 1976) , Dilution air orifice DA
26.34
PA
329
T
DU
TIME
3:15
45
T
DI
pm
-25.5
APDU
OR
.029
48
T
AF
CAL
where
DU
TDI
TA
TIME
OR
CAL
(6.7, 3.2, -30) .5
ambient pressure (P
AMB
) in "Hg
temperature of the flue gas (Note: T - T ) in °F
o U U
temperature of the dilution air orifice (TD) in °F
ambient temperature in °F
is the time at which these variables were recorded
is the sample air orifice identification number
is a reminder to check the calibrations adjustments
on all instruments
The following format is also used in conjunction with the data
logging stamp:
(AP , AP , AP ) AP where all drops are in "H20
o L) I (^ Y
From calibration tables for our orifices, Table 3, we have
.029 orifice; C. 0 = 3.70
IN / o
and dilution air orifice, DA, C = 590 (in program) thus:
APS 6.7
APD 3.2
AP? -30
505
TDU 789
PS 24.5
Pa 26.34
A
Cs 2.00
DF = 255
-101-
-------
Table 3
ORIFICE CONSTANTS
J 2 Dot Set 3 Dot Set
.120 45 52
.082 14 16
.059 5.9 5.9
.042 3.7 3.3
.029 2.0 1.5
.021K .96 .78
.021L .82
.014K .37 .45
.014L .48
DA 590
-102-
-------
or
590
(24.4 "Hg) (3.2 "H20)
DF = ( 5°5°R) + 1 = 255
2.00 V (24'5 "Hg) (6'7 "H:
(789°R)
r-30"H~0 + 3.2"H~0
\= 24.4"Hg
13.6 "H20/"Hg
>s = 26.34"Hg + [ 25-5"H2° ~ 5"H2° j= 24.5"Hg
13.6 "H20/"Hg
STEP 2
Calculate current differences (AI. j) from adjacent channels
i /
and average the a. products for the same size band for all scans
taken at the inlet (outlet). Calculate standard deviations
for each a.:
The a. product is given by the following:
a. = AI. . x DF.
where i denotes the size band and j denotes the dilution value.
SAMPLE CALCULATION (FOR ILLUSTRATION ONLY)
Find cu for the ten scans given in Table 4 made at two different
dilutions.
For channels 3-4 we have:
Scan #1: a3_4 i = (.135) (255) pA
2: a3_4'1 = (.124) (255) pA
3: «»_/! = (-132) (255) pA
-103-
-------
Table 4l
EAA Current Readings (I, in picoamps and Dilution Factors)
for this Sample Calculation: Hypothetical Inlet Data
ID
1
2
3
4
I
£ 5
* 6
7
8
9
10
1.
2.
S Time
Friday
12/4/75
l:30p
1: 32
1: 34
1:36
1: 38
1:40
1:45
1:47
1:49
1:51
.'029 Orifice;
For Runs 1 -
For Runs 7 -
CH 3
2.869
2.835
2.841
2.859
2.866
2.866
6.477
6.580
6.377
6.390
APDUCT
6, AP
Apn
D
AP,
10, APs
APD
AP?
CH 4
2.734
2.711
2.709
2.722
2.740
2.736
6.188
6.288
6.087
6.094
=25.5 "Hg,
= 6.7 "H2O
=3.2 "H,O
2
= -30 "H20
= 9.7 "H2O
= 3.2 "H20
= - 41 "H20
CH 5
2.519
2.495
2.500
2.522
2.530
2.531
5.716
5.818
5.620
5.614
AP =0.5
cy
TDI = 505
T, = 789
DU
Ps = 24.
TDI = 505
TDU = 789
Ps = 24.
CH 6
2.227
2.205
2.200
2.235
2.251
2.238
5.056
5.153
4.960
4.956
"H20
°R PA = 26.34
°R C_ = 2.00
5 "Hg
°R PA = 26.34
°R C_ = 3.70
O
5 "Hg
CH 7
1.362
1.344
1.340
1.368
1.381
1.378
3.111
3.233
3.021
3.006
"Hg
"Hg
CH 8
.682
.669
.655
.676
.714
.698
1.575
1.613
1.526
1.467
CH 9
.242
.220
.218
.226
.279
.255
.565
.510
.537
.492
CH 10
.102
.075
.081
.096
.137
.115
.243
.195
.227
.187
CH 11
.020
- .010
.001
.010
.052
.033
.053
.010
.032
.005
Dilution Factor2
255
255
255
255
255
255
113
113
113
113
-------
9: «3-4,2 = (
10: a, _ = (.296) (113) pA
j 'i / £
thus a"3_. = 33.179 pA;-n = 10 and a = .997.
In a similar manner we can find a. c, ac ,, ..., a,_ ,,.
4 D _> b 1U 11
A Hewlett-Packard HP-25 calculator program (included in the dis-
cussion of the impactor data reduction) has been written to calcu-
late the error estimates given on graphs of the data points. Given
a set of data, this program calculates the average (X), the standard
deviation (S), the relative standard deviation (S/X), a 90% or 95%
confidence interval (CI), the lower confidence limit (X-CI or LCL),
and the upper confidence limit (X+CI or UCL).
Thus the mean plus and minus one standard deviation for «__. is
a3_4 = (33.179 + 0.997) pA
or
a3_4 = (33.2 + 1.0) pA
STEP 3
Using a. and Table 2 calculate "number concentration" (ANC), "aver-
1 o
age cumulative concentration ..." (ZAN ), and "AN /ALogD" for each
size band for the inlet (outlet).
Table 5 shows these calculations for the sample data of Table 4.
Column 7 is a as shown in Step 2. Column 8 is the product of
columns 7 and 5. Column 9 is the summation of 8 for all sizes
"equal to or greater than the indicated size". Column 10 is column
5 times column 7 divided by column 6.
STEP 4
Plot cumulative concentration vs. size for inlet (outlet). For the
sample data set of Table 4 this would be the concentrations in Table
5 column 9 plotted against the sizes in column 4. No error bars are
used.
-105-
-------
Table 5
EAA (Model 3030) Data Reduction Form
Concentration, Cumulative Concentration, and AN/AlogD
From Average AI for Condition Inlet
(Sample Calculation)
10
Channel
No.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Collector
Voltage
196
593
1,220
2,183
3,515
5,387
7,152
8,642
9,647
D , ym
p
0.0100
0.0178
0.026
0.036
0.070
0.120
0.185
0.260
0.360
Dpi, urn
0.0133
0.0215
0.0306
0.0502
0.0917
0.149
0.219
0.306
AN/AI
4.76xl05
2.33xl05
1.47xl05
8. 33x10 "
4.26X101*
2.47x10"*
1.56X101*
1. 10x10*
A log D a
0.250
0.165
0.141
0.289
0.234
0.188
0.148
0.141
A1S
Ig
xlO6
33.2+1.0
53.3+1.2
74.3+1.4
219.8+1.3
174+3.9
114+4.1
35.4+1.1
21.2+.6
15.
12.
10.
18.
7.
2.
f
,
8+.5
4+.3
9+.2
3+.1
41+. 2
82+. 1
552+. 02
233+. 007
ZAN
S
xlO6
68.4
52.6
40.2
29.3
11.0
3.61
.785
.233
AN
s
xlO
63.
75.
77.
63.
31.
15.
3.
1.
/ALogD
6
2 + 1.9
3+1.7
5+1.5
4+.4
7+. 7
0+.5
73+.1
65+. 05
-------
STEP 5
Plot N/ LogD with plus or minus one standard deviation error
bars for the inlet (outlet).
For the sample data set of Table 4 this would be the concentra-
tions in Table 5, column 10 plotted against the sizes in column
4. The upper error bar is the value plus the standard deviation,
The lower error bar is the value minus the standard deviation.
For ot__. in Table 4 we would have a-, . = 33.2 +_ 1.0
thus
AM /AT~ n 33.2 x 4.76 x 10s . 1.0 x 4.76 x 10s
ANs/ALogD = - ±
= (63.2 + 1.9) x 106
STEP 6
Calculate and plot efficiency vs. size with plus or minus one
standard deviation error bars:
The efficiency of the control device is given by the following:
Eff -/I - Outlet N/ LogD \ 100%
Eff "^ Inlet N/ LogD )X 10U%
Sample Calculation:
If, for 0.0133 ym particles, the
Inlet AN /ALogD = (63.2 + 1.9) x 106
s
and
Outlet AN /ALogD = (8.85 + .23) x 105
S
Eff = 1 - 6382 x 106 X 10° = 98'6%
the upper limit (UL ) and lower limit (LLE) are given by
c
UL,, = 1 - °u, ft" ° x 100% = 1 - ?; T X in6 x 100% = 98.7%
E Inlet + a 65.1 x 106
-107-
-------
Outlet + a _ 1 _ 9.08 x 105 _
LLE ~ X Inlet - a x 100% ~ X 61.3 x 10* X 100% ~
Efficiencies with upper and lower limits are calculated for each
of the eight sizes ii
values in column 10.
of the eight sizes in column 4 from the inlet and outlet AN /ALogD
o
-108-
-------
The following data were taken with the ultrafine sampling system
described previously. These data were taken during November,
1975 at a Kraft recovery boiler.
-109-
-------
INLET
CHANNEL
11140AM
BKGND
OATA
APs9.5
APo3.3
APflO-3
CHANNEL
12115PM
DATA
5
11X16/75 1
0.005
0.005
OJOOS
0.005
Tut 541 PA
TDU 900 Os
Ps 30-65|DF =
3
11/J8/T5 2
41927
a. 258
4.452
1.854
5.145
4.685
4
0,005
0.005
0.005
0.004
30.15
3.7
120.2 |
4
4.998
4.275
4.446
1.820
5,011
4,601
0.005
0.004
0,003
0.004
INLET
41978
fl.199
4.344
3,750
41951
4.591
0,004
0,004
0,005
0.004
4,818
3.900
4.243
3,751
4.969
4.282
0.004
0.004
0.004
4*654
3,904
41177
3,720
41996
4.107
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.003
4.482
3.678
3,680
3.574
4,606
3,916
0,003
0.003
0,003
0.003
3.359
2.781
2.861
2,520
3,430
3.019
10
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
10
1.704
1,389
1,438
1.257
1.750
1,517
11
0.003
0.003
0.003
0,003
11
0.828
0.980
0,683
0.584
0,856
0.722
APs 4.5
APo 3.2
APr-7-2
TEM 541
TDU 910
Pg 30.65
PA 30. 15
Cs 5.9
| DF= .108.9 _]
INLET
CHANNEL
10
11
H40PH
OATA
11/18/75
3.545
3.086
3.836
3.110
4.036
3,556
5.090
3.879
3.093
3.977
3.439
3.038
3.889
3.111
3.963
3.602
2.930
3.734
3.115
3.678
3.581
2,861
3.498
2.91?
3.755
3.4(2
9,999
3.314
2,741
3.624
2,910
0.000
2.326
1,934
2.600
1.016
9.999
9,999
0.735
1.083
0,49}
0.000
0,000
0.311
0.458
-110-
-------
APs 8.3
APo 2.4
TDI 536
Tou895
p., 30.65
PA 30.15
Cs 3.3
=- 122.9
INLET
CHANNEL
10
11
3J15PM U/18/75
DATA
1.017 1
1.912 i
1.880 1
1.769 1
1.382 !
l.iofl :
1.170
1,898
1,951
1.708
1.365
t.?ia
1.187 !
1,956 1
lj869 1
1,650 !
9,999 1
1.177 (
1.486
1.977
1.783
1.528
1.308
J.96J
lUT7
11870
1,815
1,503
1,278
9.999
1.010
1.708
t.727
1.028
1.182
0.618
0,960
1.158
1,158
0,928
9.999
0.053
0.351
0.005
0.008
0,310
0.000
0.168
0,125
0,153
0.153
0.108
9,999
0.051
APs 8.3
APo 2.8
AP7-19.1
tw 536 px 30.15
TDU 850 eg 16
Ps 30.65|DF= 2?_2 |
INLET
CHANNEL
10
11
0155PM
DATA
11/18/75 5
6.167
6,380
6.622
7.220
6,190
6.180
6.623
7,362
6,595
6,056
6,611
7.058
5.876
6.889
6,197
7.077
5,712
6.909
6,382
6.988
0,713
5,672
5.035
5,916
»,209
1,336
1.715
1.677
0.093
0.119
0.181
0.223
0,007
0.011
0.017
0.037
APs 8.1
APo 2.7
AP7 -17.9
TDI 536
TDU 850
ps 30.65
PA 30.15
Cs 14
DF= 30.8
INLET
CHANNEL
10
11
OH10PM 11/19/75
OATA
3,800
0.012
3.785
3.905
0,039
3.827
3.857
3,687
3,973
0.137
3,880
3.786
3.798
3.915
3.797
3.651
3,681
3,992
3,090
3.651
2.205
3.022
2.559
3.085
0,295
0,512
0.069
0.829
0.012
0.038
0.030
0,065
0.010
.0.007
.0.005
0,002
-111-
-------
APs 3.9
APo 3.2
AP7-23.0
CHANNEL
8S45AM
DATA
APs 3.5
APo 3.2
APf22.5
TDI 528
Too 855
Ps 29.6
3
11/19/75 7
-0.165
.0.023
.0.066
*0.102
-0.135
Toi 528
Tou850
Ps 29'6 [
PA 30.1
Cs 45
DF= 15.87
4
0.170
0.028
0.075
0.114
0.140
PA 30.1
Cs 52
DF = 14.55 ]
OUTLET
.0.170
i0.028
0.075
0.114
0.140
0,169
0.032
-0,080
-0,119
-0.142
0.183
0,039
0,086
0.1S3
0,141
-0.186
-0,041
0,089
0,126
0.145
-0.191
0.045
-0.095
9.999
0.146
OUTLET
-0,195
0.051
-0,101
0,000
.0.153
10
0.198
0.055
0.106
0.135
.0.159
11
.0.201
.0,058
'0.110
.0,138
.0,164
CHANNEL
10
11
9l20*M 11/19/75 8
ATA -0.157
0.150
0.122
0.154
0.163
-0.149
0,072
APs 3.3 Tw 528
APo 3.2 Tou855
APy-22-5 pg 29.6 d
0,159
0,156
0,157
0,154
0,162
0,157
0,109
PA 30.1
Cs 52
DF = 14.95
1
0,160
0,156
-0,153
0,155
0,162
0,163
0.146
-0.160
0.150
-0.146
-0.146
0.162
0.165
-0,147
OUTLET
9 159
0,157
-0', 154
0.148
-0.165
0,168
0.999
0.159
0,160
0.15T
0,146
.0,163
0,169
-0.154
.0.159
0,162
0,161
.OllSO
.0.162
0.169
0.156
0,160
0,164
0,162
0,144
-0,167
-0.171
0,158
-0,164
-0.165
-0,162
0,147
0,169
.0,175
-0,159
CHANNEL
10
11
9|50AM 11/19/75
DATA
0
0
158
168
166
1S2
0,158
0,169
0, 166
0,161
-0,147
0.158
0.172
-O.lfcfc
0.163
0.144
0,159
.0,171
.0,167
0,166
.0,160
.0.167
0.167
0,166
0.147
0.161
-0.163
0.168
0,167
0,149
0* 163
.0,161
.0.169
0.167
0.150
0.163
0,16?
0.17T
0.170
0.150
0,166
-0.162
0.175
0.171
0,149
-112-
-------
APs 3.3
APo 3.2
AP7 -22.5
TDI 538
TDU 840
Ps 29. 6 f
1
PA 30.1
Cs 52
DF=^ 14.74 1
J
OUTLET
CHANNFL
10
11
9J55AM
DATA
APs 3.6
APo 3.2
APT22'5
11/19/75 10
-0.156
.0.174
-0.176
TDI 538
TDU 840
Ps 29.6 |
0.15?
0,174
0,160
PA 30.1
Cs 45
OF = 16.36 1
0,157
0,170
0.179
0,162
0.175
0,180
OUTLET
0.165
-0,175
0.181
0,168
0,177
0,182
fl',170
0,177
.0.999
0.174
0,180
0.187
0.17S
0.180
.0,999
CHANNEL
10
11
10130AM 11/19/75 11
DATA
APs 3.2
APo 3.0
APj-21.2
0,075
0,075
0,07
-------
APs 3.4
APo 3.5
AP.-29.92
TD| 540
TDU 840
Cs
30.1
45
29.6 Dr=17.18
OUTLET
CHANNEL
10
11
12100PM
DATA
11/19/75 13
0.060
-0.056
-0'.053
0.006
-0,060
0.056
O.OStt
0.009
.fl',061
0,057
.0,053
.0.050
0.061
0,059
0,055
0,051
0.061
0,060
0,055
0.052
0.062
0,061
0,053
0,052
0.061
0,055
.0.053
0.065
0.063
0.058
0.055
.0.066
0.063
0.059
0.055
INLET
CHANNEL 3
a
12UOPM H/19/75 14
8KGND .0,022 "0.021
DATA .0,019 -0,018
-0.018 .0,017
APs 4.5 TDI 540
APo 3.2 TDU 830
AP?-4-1 Ps 30.6
CHANNEL J
PA 30.1
Cs .45
|DF=13.58.99 |
a
2H1PM 11/19/75 15
O»TA 0.005 0.006
0.106 0.139
O.OB9 0,080
0.065 0,051
O.OUB 0.008
0.021
o:oi9
0.018
0,003
0,129
0,082
0.063
O',035
-0.021
.0.018
-0.017
INLET
0,000
0.107
0,056
0.063
0,035
0.021
0'019
0,017
0,020
0.018
0.019
0,021
0.018
.0.018
10
0,020
0,019
0.021
10
11
0,020
-0,019
0.018
11
olooi
0.112
0,065
0,061
0.031
-0.003
0,109
0.086
0,058
0.030
-0.006
0.097
0.080
0.059
0'.019
0.012
0.075
0.06U
O.OOfc
0,005
-0.016
0.052
0.016
0.025
0.001
-114-
-------
AP36.8 TDI 540
APo3-2 Tr>u830
AP7-7.8 Ps 30. 6
CHANNEL 3
2t35PM 11/19/75 16
DATA 0.313
0.355
0.351
0.376
0.341
0,329
0.325
0.336
Af*3 5.8 TDI 540
APo 3_3 Tou860
£P7-6.3 p= 30.6
**' * rS
CHANNEL 3
2137PM 11/19/75 17
DATA 0.603
0.717
0.839
0.858
0.959
0.899
PA 30.1
Cs .37
DF -- 1338.46
a
0,273
0,336
0.345
0,360
0,329
0.318
0,328
0,301
PA 30.1
Cs .78
__ '
DF=. 712.51
0
0.565
0,688
0,830
0.840
0,918
0,899
INLET
0'.303
0.307
O.J74
0,318
0.317
OllZO
0.335
0.505
0.659
0.832
0,818
0.898
0.878
0.303
0,317
0,333
0.320
0,326
0,320
0,315
0.336
INLET
0,268
0,385
0,321
0,318
0,334
0,336
0.307
0.343
0.258
0.271
0.323
0.315
0,319
0.318
0.334
0.337
0',255
0.200
0.290
0.300
0.308
0.307
0.291
0.312
10
0.15B
0,151
0.220
0.230
0.221
0.223
0.233
0.237
10
11
0.079
0.999
0.161
0,168
0.171
0,162
0.153
0.167
1 1
0.513
0.643
0.804
0,814
0.897
0,885
0.447
0,641
0,805
0,815
0.909
0.871
0.402
0.617
0.772
0.763
0.874
0.850
0.307
0.533
0,642
0.695
0.763
0.726
0.173
0,386
0,437
0.518
0.552
0.550
0.106
0.260
0.308
0.307
0,365
0,377
-115-
-------
REFERENCES
1. Liu, B. Y. H., Whitby, K. T. and Pui, D. Y. H., "A Portable
Electric Aerosol Analyzer for Size Distribution Measurement
of Submicron Aerosols", presented at the 66th Annual Meeting
of the Air Pollution Control Association, Paper No. 73-283
(June 1973).
2. Liu, B. Y. H., and Pui, D. Y. H., "On the Performance of the
Electrical Aerosol Analyzer," J. Aerosol Science, 6_, pp. 249-
64, (1975).
-116-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Phase read Iiiitnieliuns mi the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-76-141
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Particulate Collection Efficiency Measurements on an
Electrostatic Precipitator Installed on a Paper Mill
Recovery Boiler
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
5. REPORT DATE
May 1976
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Larry G. Felix
John P. Gooch and G. H. Marchant, Jr.
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
SORI-EAS-76-091
3540-1
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Southern Research Institute
2000 Ninth Avenue South
Birmingham, Alabama 35205
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AB012; ROAP 21ADL-027
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2114, Task 1
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Task; 7/75-2/76
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
is.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES JERL-RTP Project Officer for this report is L.E. Sparks, Mail
Drop 61, Ext 2925.
ABSTRACT The repOr|; gjves results of fractional and overall collection efficiency mea-
surements of an electrostatic precipitator collecting 'salt cake' from a Kraft reco-
very boiler. Mass median diameter of the particulate entering the collector was ap-
proximately 1. 0 micrometers; minimum average collection efficiency in the 0.1-2. 0
micrometer diameter range was 99. 92%. Size distributions at the precipitator inlet
and outlet were measured with cascade impactors and an electrical aerosol analyzer.
Overall mass efficiency measurements, based on a mass train with an in-stack filter
ranged from 99. 92 to 99.96%. Fair agreement was obtained between the total mass
loadings obtained with the mass trains and the impactors. Average precipitator
operating conditions during the test period were: secondary voltage, 47.1 kV; current
density, 32. 6 x 10 to the minus 9th power amps/sq cm; specific collecting area, 114
sq m/(cu m/sec); temperature, 198C; and gas velocity, 0.76 m/sec.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Dust
Measurement
Electrostatic Precipitators
Paper Mills
Sulfate Pulping
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Particulate
Collection Efficiency
Recovery Boilers
Salt Cake
13B
11G
14B
13H,07A
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
121
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-117-
------- |