oEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
DIRECTIVE NUMBER:
9355.0-3
TITLE:
Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Site Ranking System
A Users Manual
APPROVAL DATE: 07/i6/fl2
EFFECTIVE DATE: 07/16/82
ORIGINATING OFFICE: OERR/OPM
&FINAL
D DRAFT
STATUS.
REFERENCE (other documents):
OSWER OSWER OSWER
VE DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE Dl
-------
03/19/87 Dotted States Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
EPA OSWER Directive Initiation Request
1. Directive Number
9355.0-03
2. Originator Information
Name of Contact Parson
SNYDER
MiU Coda
Office
OERR/HSCD
Telephone Number
475-8103
3. Title
UNCONTROLLED HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE RANKING
SYSTEM - A USERS MANUAL
4. Summary of Directive (Include brief statement of purpose)
Describes method developed by the MITRE
Corporation for ranking hazardous substance
facilities (originally published in the Federal
Register on July 16, 1982) (1984 reprint)
5. Keywords
SUPERFUND, CERCLA, REMEDIAL, SITE EVALUATION, HAZARD .RANKING,
NATIONAL PRIORITIES LIST, ETC.
6a. Does this Directive Supercede Previous Dlrectlve{8)?[ ] yes | X| No What directive (number, title)
b. Does ft Supplement Previous Directives^)?
yes
No What directive (number, title)
7. Draft Level
A-Signed by AM)AA
B • Signed by Office Director
C • For Review & Comment
In Development
This Request Meets OSWER Directives System Format
8. Signature of Lead Office Directives Coordinator
Date
9. Name and Title of Approving Official
GORSUCH
Date
07/08/82
OSWER OSWER OSWER
DIRECTIVE DIRECTIVE
-------
OSWER Directive 9355.0-3
Uncontrolled
Hazardous Waste Site
Ranking System
A Users Manual
(HW-10)
Originally Published in
the July 16,1982, Federal Register
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
1984
-------
FOREWORD
The method for ranking hazardous substance facilities that is
descd bed in this document was developed by The MITRE Corporation
under contract to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The
method has benefited from extensive review and comment by EPA
personnel. state officials, and interested parties in the private
sec tor.
-------
TABLE OP CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
LIST OF TABLES
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 USING THE HAZARD RANKING SYSTEM - GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 7
3.0 GROUND WATER MIGRATION ROUTE 9
3.1 Observed Release 9
3.2 Route Characteristics 9
3.3 Containment 16
3.4 Waste Characteristics 16
3.5 Targets 24
4.0 SURFACE WATER ROUTE 29
4.1 Observed Release 29
4.2 Route Characteristics 29
4.3 Containment 34
4.4 Waste Characteristics 34
4.5 Targets 34
5.0 AIR ROUTE 39
5.1 Observed Release 39
5.2 Waste Characteristics 39
5.3 Targets 44
6.0 COMPUTING THE MIGRATION HAZARD MODE SCORE, SM 47
7.0 FIRE AND EXPLOSION . 49
7.1 Containment 49
7.2 Waste Characteristics 49
7.3 Targets 52
8.0 DIRECT CONTACT 57
8.1 Observed Incident 57
8.2 Accessibility 57
8.3 Containment 59
8.4 Waste Characteristics 59
8.5 Targets 59
1 1
-------
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Numbe r Page
1 HIS Cover Sheet 8
2 Ground Water Route Work Sheet 10
3 Depth to Aquifer of Concern 11
4 Mean Annual Lake Evaporation (In Inches) 13
5 Norul Annur~ Total Precipitation (Inches) 14
6 Distance. to Nearest Well 26
7 Surface Water Route Work Sheet 30
8 l-Year 24-Bour Rainfall (Inches) 33
9 Air Route Work Sheet 40
10 Worksheet for Computing 8M 48
11 Fire and Explosion Work Sheet 50
12 Direct Contact Work Sheet 58
i i i
-------
Table lfuaber
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
LIST OF TABLES
Comprehend ve List to Ratiag Factors
Permeability of Geologic Materials
Containment Value for GrouDd Water loute
Waste Characteristics Values for SOII8
Common Chemicals
Persistence (Biodegradability) of Some
Organic CompouDds
Sax Toxicity Ratings
. NFPA Toxicity Ratings
Values for Facility Slope aDd Intervening
Terrain
Contaiument Values for Surface Water Route
Values for Sendti ve Enviroament
(Surface Water)
NFPA Reactivity ltatiags.
Incompatible Materials
Values for LaDd Use (Air Route)
NFPA Ignitability Levels aDd Assigned
Values
Values for Senaiti ve Environments
(Fire and Explosion)
i v
Pa~e
3
15
17
20
21
22
23
31
3S
37
41
43
46
S1
54
-------
1.0
INTRODUCTION
The Comprehensi ve Env~ronmen~..i 1 ~:;. i'0r,-- '-, ':Oi:lf<.-".h. L.r, a1!~
Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) (PL 96-510) requires the President to
identify the 400 facilities in the nation warranting the highest
priority for remedial action.
In order to set the priorities,
CERCLA requires that criteria be established based on relative risk
or danger, taking into account the population at risk; the hazardous
potential of the substances at a facility; the potential for
contamination of drinking wate~ supplies, for direct human contact,
and for destruction of sensitive ecosystems; and other appropriate
factors.
This document describes the Hazard Ranking System (HRS) to be
used in evaluating the relative potential of uncontrolled hazardous
substance facilities to cause human health or safety problems, or
ecological or environmental damage.
Detailed instructions for using
the HaS are given in the following sections.
Uniform application of
the ranking system in each State will permit EPA to identify those
releases of hazardous substances that pose the greatest hazard to
humans or the environment.
However, the HRS by itself cannot
establish priorities for the allocation of funds for remedial
action.
The HIS is a means for applying uniform technical judgement
regarding the potential hazards presented by a facility relative to
other facilities.
It does not address the feasibility,
desirability, or degree of cleanup required.
Neither does it deal
1
-------
with t~e readiness or ability of a State to carry out such remedial
action as may be indicated, or to meet other conditions prescribed
in CERCLA.
The HRS assigns three scores to a hazardous facility:
.
SM reflects the potential for harm to humans or the
environment from migration of a hazardous substance away
from the facility by routes involving ground water, surface
water, or air. It is a composite of separate scores for
each of the three routes.
.
SFE reflects the potential for harm from substances that
can explode or cause fires.
.
SDC reflects the potential for harm from direct contact
with hazardous substances at the facility (i.e., no
migration need be involved).
The score for each hazard mode (migration, fire and explosion
and direct contact) or route is obtained by considering a set of
factors that characterize the potential of the facility to cause
harm ('l'able 1).
Each factor is assigned a numerical value (on a
scale of 0 to 3, 5 or 8) according to prescribed guid~lines.
This
value is then multiplied by a weighting factor yielding the factor
score.
The factor scores are then combined: scores within a factor
category are added; then the total scores for each factor category
are multiplied together to develop a score for ground water, surface
water, air, fire and explosion, and direct contact.
In computing SFE or SOC' or an individual migration route
score, the product of its factor category scores is divided by the
maximum possible score, and the resulting ratio is multiplied by
100.
The last step puts all scores on a scale of 0 to 100.
2
-------
TABLE 1
COMPREHENSIVE LIST TO RATT.NG l_.:.:TORS
w
--- --
FACTORS
HAZARD HODE FACTOR CATEGORY --C I
GROUND WATER ROUTE SURFACE WATER ROUTE AIR ROUTE
Migration Ioute . Depth to Aquifer of Concern . Facility Slope .nd
Characteristic. a Net Preclplt.tlon Intervening Terrain
a PermeabUlty of . One-Ye.r 24-Hour Rainfall
Unsaturated Zone e Dtetance to Neareat Surfac~ Water
a Phydcol State . Phydcal State
Contd_ant . Conta hl8eDt Contaill8ent
W..t. 0 Toxicity/Perolatance Toxicity/Perol.tence e aaactivity/lncoapaClbllity
Characterlatic8 . He&ardoue Waat~ QuanCity He"ardoue Wa.te QuanCity . Toxicity
0 Heaerdoue Wana Quantity
Target.. 0 Ground Water U.. 0 Surface Water U.a . LeQd U..
a Diatance to Near.at Well/ 0 01atuca to Senait1ve 0 1'...~ulat1on Wlchlo 4-Hl1e Radlu..
Population Serv.d EAvh~..t . Diacance to S.naltlve
. Populecioa Served/DiataDca EAviro""Dt
Co Watar IDtake Dovnatr...
--
fire and ConralDalent . Concal....nc
bploalon
Wa.te . Direct Evldenca
Character18tlC8 . l&nltabiUty
. Raactlvlty
. Incoapat1bIUty
0 Haaardoua Wan.. Quantity
. Diatance ~o iI..reat Population
Targeta . Diatenc. to lleaun BuUdiDI
. Diatance to lCeareat Senaitiva EDvirOD8ent
. Land Ua.
. Population WithiD 2-Hile ladiue
e .""'er of 1u1ld1np Withia 2-1111. ladiue
Direct Obaerved IncidenC . OII.ened lacideat
Contact
Acce..lbll1ty e Accaa.ibility of He&ar~ Subateac..
Containment e Contal_nt
Toxicity . Toxicity
Tarlau . 'opulation Within I-Hile ladiue
e Diateac. to Critl~l Habitat
-------
SM is a composite of the scores roc ~. - .'
possible
migration routes:
SM. 1
D3
S~w + S~w + S~
where:
Sgw . ground water route score
Ssw. surface water route score
Sa . air route score
The effect of this means of combining the route scores is to
emphasize the primdry (highest scoring) route in aggregating route
scores while gi '.
j some additional consideration to the secondary
or tertiary rOt...
if they score high.
The factor 1/1.73 is used
simply for the purpose of reducing ~ scores to a IOO-point scale.
The HRS does not quantify the probability of harm from a
facility or the magnitude of the harm that could 1- -:!'. although
the factors have been selected in order to approximate both those
elements of risk.
It is a procedure for ranking facilities in terms
of the potential threat they pose by describing:
.
the manner in which the hazardous substances are contained,
.
the route by which they would be released,
.
the characteristics and amount of the harmful substances, and
.
the likely targets.
The multiplicative combination of factor category scores is an
approximation of the more rigorous approach in which one would
express the hazard posed by a facility as the product of the
probability of a harmful occurrence and the magnitude of the
potential damage.
4
-------
The ranking of facilities nationally for remedial action will
be based primarily on ~.
SF! and SDC may be used to identify
facilities requiring emergency attention.
s
-------
2.0 USING THE RAZAID RANKING SYSTEK - GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Use of the BRS requires considerable information about the
facility, its surroundings, the hazardous substances present, and
the geological character of the area down to the aquifers that may
be at risk.
Figure 1 illustrates a format for recording general
information regarding the fr'ility being evaluated.
It can also
serve as a cover sheet for ~ .e work sheets used in the evaluation.
Where there are no data for a factor, it should be assigned a
value of zero.
However, if a factor with no data is the only factor
inJ category (e.g., containment), then the factor is given a score
of 1.
If data are lacking for more than one factor in connection
with the evaluation ~f either S ,S ,S, SF! or SOC'
gw sw a
that route score is set at zero.
The following sections give detailed instructions and guidance
for rating a facility.
Each section begins with a work sheet
designed to conform to the sequence of steps required to perform the
rating.
Guidance for evaluating each of the factors then follows.
Using the guidance provided, attempt to assign a score for each of
the thre~ possible migration routes.
Bear in mind that if data are
missing for.more than one factor in connection with the evaluation
of a route, then you must set that route score at 0 (i.e., there is
no need to assign scores to factors in a route that will be set
at 0).
7
-------
Facility name:
Loc:atlon:
EPA RegIon:
Person(a) In c:h8rge of the f8CIIly:
Name of Revitlwer.
GenenIJ deacriptlor, of the facility:
(For example: landf;~I, surface impoundment, pile, contaIn8r; typee of hazatdou8 8Ub8tance8; Ioc:don of the
f8CiIIty; contamination ~ ;)/ major concem; IYP88 0I1nfonnatIon needed for rating; agency 8Ction. etc.)
Dat8:
, .
Scores: s.,. .
Sfe-
Soc"
(Sgw ..
Ssw ..
Sa :a
FIGURE 1
HRS COVER SHEET
8
-------
3.0
GROUND WATER MIGRATION ROUTE
3.1
Observed Release
If there is direct evidence. of release of a substance of
concern from a facility to ground water, enter a score of 45 on
line 1 of the work sheet for the ground water route (Figure 2); then
you need not evaluate route characteristics and containment factors
(lines 2 and 3).
Direct evidence of release must be analytical.
If
a contaminant is measured (regardless of frequency) in ground water
or In a well in the vicinity of the facility at a significantly (in
terms of demonstrating that a release has occurred, not in terms of
potential effects) higher level than the background level, then
quantitative evidence exists, and a release has been observed.
Qualitative evidence of release (e.g., an oily or otherwise
objectionable taste or smell in well water) constitutes direct
evidence only if it can be confirmed that it results from a release
at the facility in question.
If a release has been observed,
proceed to "3.4
Waste Characteristics" to continue scoring.
If
direct evidence is lacking, enter a value of 0 on line 1 and
continue the scoring procedure by evaluating Route Characteristics.
3.2
Route Characteristics
Depth to aquifer of concern is measured vertically from the
lowest point of the hazardous substances to the highest seasonal
level of the saturated zone of the aquifer of concern (Figure 3).
This factor is one indicator of the ease with which a pollutant from
the facility could migrate to ground water.
Assign a value as
follows:
9
-------
- .. -----
Ground Waler Route Work. Sheet
-
Rating Factor Assign,.oJ '/alue Multi- Score Max. Ref.
,Circle One) oller Score (Section)
OJ Observed Release 0 45 1 45 3.1
If observed release Is given a score of 45, proceed to line m,
I; observed release is given a score 01 0, proceed to line ill.
rn Route Characteristics 3.2
Depth to Aquifer ot 0 1 2 3 2 8
Concern
Net Precipitation 0 t 2 3 1 3
Permeability of the 0 1 2 3 1 3
Unsaturated Zone
Physical State 0 1 2 3 1 3
I Total Route Characteristics Score 15
m Containment 0 1 2 3 1 3 3.3
m Waste Characteristics 3.4
Toxicity I Persistence 0 3 8 9 12 15 18 1 18
Hazardous Waste 0 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 1 8
Quantity
I
I Total Waste Characteristics Score 26
rID Targets 3.5
Ground Water Use 0 1 2 3 3 9
Distance to Nearest } ,g 4 6 8 10 1 40
Weill Population 16 18 20
Served 24 30 32 35 40
I Total Targets Score 49
~ If line m is 45, multiply OJ x ill x[ID
If line m is O. multiply ill x @)x m xm 57,330
m Divide line @] by 57,330 and multiply by 100 Sgw.
FIGURE 2
GROUND WATER ROUTE WORK SHEET
10
-------
DRINKING WATER
WELL SERVING
~ PEOPLE
DRINKING WATER
WELL SERVING
5000 PEOPLE
I-'
I-'
~t:~}~;t~$~wttjtlJ~W~{;?tigEi;~~;t:~~
,:;:...,;~""'!!. ~..! ~:.; ~.:,;'~-';~~~ ~::,~'~.
, \'1\'\ f->~ -.,~ ""',"""'....',,"'"
-:.., !..-\'-,:(-,\-~'~.;! \ ""''':;'.'- ..;. ;,~,~,-....,~
"....'':',-,~'!i,~-:../_' ,"':~.""-',,'" ;~, :'l"":~
1': \" ~/,,,\!.;,,,,,;~,'..."'~."" ;-':~!..~:~':-....v'_!.'
"~;\-:\',..!,...,\,I... i';~: ~~~!- ~"..,' I.! ,-,"
),~j" i (,~-~!......, ..,..;, ::)'~, ~,;~,\,.:'
'\!\-!;.t":.'',,''='';,-;.~,>'''''...' ~...\ "''-' i '
-"-'-"1,'-',-, . ,..1- "-",,'~
',- '...- '1:',; ...~,-...i~(...~~;'",:::"'..'... - --4.
- .7-7Z-t-~:¥~.?1~
- -.- - -- ..- -. , - ,-I"" ... . '-', . - -.. - ~ ~ .. -- - - --...- .." ~~~-;;?-Y-7"--~
..\ ,...- '_,,,,I -', -,,"""!'"" ,120 feet- .... '-'~-',...' ""1 \ :':.,)...."...' ......... ~"J1f--';_.. -.- ...-:-....II!:,"
.';' ;'," ~ !=""':/~~.~~i...'5:~"\: ;...';, \.~~:; : t~;\~~,~~ ,\.:,:,;,,'~'~~;;'~;;;~!')'~~:;~!~,~,,-,'::~ '\,'-:/~~";~;'? ;:"':;-~::~'.~,~'~:.?~~t .....','\";).','....', I .":.. "~''''''''...'~' !.', ,': ~;-~',,, I~
. ',"'''','''''',,'''... ,.' I-I. ." ,. -,..., \"'I"'\....\,-~ ... 1 ,- ,.... ...\-"".." ......~" ~~,\~,'~:'~:.;-,;I':;~I,i'.:.:_i.~.:.1~-:;'~
~/;~;;: ~/;!~: 0~~:.~~;~ ;.:~~~.'~~Y ~.:- !. "~~"~~':-; \:;:;,:;h.?";'~~~} ~~;~i~J~;'~';~!.1~ ~f;~~l ~~~~';!l?:.:~~~~ ':;:~:f~; ~~ ~':.'.;' ?,'?~,=,,'x~-~\~:~... ::'~~~.';~~
;~.;_.; :,; ~ ~'~\" ~,I,,; \,-1 ;-.'...,,;~: ,1J0 fee t ~,;" ')G::.'~:." ~'~'~'~;-',~"t' '~~fi"~;- '\;~;":';~;'''\'''''~/1~:. ''-'."" ,"',~~:~j '::\I,;'::~ !.,~ :~_':.!.'~!.I l":.!,
; ':: ~ ~i;~ ~'. ~ :::. \~'.:;;~.'..! ,\'..;'.:! ...._~-:. ''..',\, I'! \ .., ,''.~~:-; ~~~ \'<',-:'~\" :,'-"";' ;:3-::.; ;,,~~<\ ~~ ~,:'-':};\',\'~:'-!-;,\!'-:-,.',~i~;~ :""~,!;-~", ~~:! .:"!.~I~,'':f::: ~:~{:~\}/~;:
~~'..."...'.;:."...""\','..:\,,,, ,,,,,' '.-~;"', ',-,I'~~' ,,'.-,,!,'.. _"I;" ....',-..:_\',~-~-/:o"~!~; -,;,~.: ='j~~"'~'-''''~I',I,,'i;'' -'"'~''''';'~':'''#:''I....i:'''I;,''~!''''''' ... I... ""....~~..~ I~ ,.....,.,.,:,~,.., ~ ~ ','''-'1': #
. .. -- - I. ~ \ - -,.. - - -.- - , - ,\ , II , , '..:':"~'-::.;.:_"--.#~~" -'",'I'-';'_'~-:"'"
.'i.,h-.I,'_'," .:~, -:'-,,' '-, ,,,'.'" '-,' ';~I ;i.-',','.';; ""- ,\,!."_I_',,h'.)}'I,-,i'.,' ~"'-~"\)~;".'I " ',1'" " !"-".'\.\. ",",'-,-,,',:'
~ ,,' ""'.'... '..' - ...""......' ...'- ""'....''''''-' "!"..I"'~',C,~:.."I;:I,~~'--~\-~i~"':'..'#I.~""_';-::",:,'--,,,"'-- .. ," -. -------- - -
~~~~~:~:f~:~~~:~~~::~:;~~;~~~::~~~~~~~~~~~~~ii~~i~~¥~~-~~W~:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~~~~~~~~
. . . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . .. . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. ..,. : . . .. . . - . . .. . .. ... .. . .. . .. .. , . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
[[[~::::::::::i[[[
. .... .........,............ ...... ......... ... ........, ..........,.. ..-. ,................................... .................. ....
[[[J[[[
[[[ I ... ...... ..... ..... ,.. ........,..... ......... ............
0'............'...............'.................................... ........ ........... ..... ... ........ ..... ........ ..... .........
*Treat target and route characteristics factors consistently. For example, if the upper aquifer is
the aquifer of concern, then the "depth to aquifer of concern" is 20 feet and the "population served"
is 5 pe!'sons. If the lower aquifer is "of concern", the "deptb" is 120 feet (as8uming no known
-------
Distance
Ase1gned Value
> 150 feet
76 to 150 feet
21 to 75 feet
o to 20 feet
o
1
2
3
Net precipitation (precipitation minus evaporation) indicates
the potential for leachate generation at the facility.
Net seasonal
rainfall (seasonal rainfall minus seasonal evaporation) data may be
used if available.
If net precipitation is not measured in the
region in which the facility is located, calculate it by subtracting
the mean annuJl lake evaporation for the region (obtained from
Figure 4) from the normal annual precipitation for the region
(obtained from Figure 5).
EPA Regional Offices will have maps for
areas outside the continental U.S.
Assign a value as follows:
Net Precipitation
Assigned Value
< -10 inches
-10 to +5 inches
+5 to +15 inches
>+15 inches
o
1
2
3
Permeability of unsaturated zone (or intervening geological
formations) is an indicator of the speed at which a contaminant
could migrate from a facility.
Assign a value from Table 2.
Physical state refers to the state of the hazardous substances
at the time of disposal, except that gases generated by the
hazardous lubstances in a disposal area should be con8idered in
rating this factor.
Each of the hazardou8 substances being
evaluated is assigned a value as follows:
12
-------
.....
IN
. . .. ."1
Ba..d on period
~
.
~
..
-+---
\
\
;---
Source:
Cli8atic Atlas of the United State.. U.S. Departaeot of Co8merce. National Climatic
Center. Ashv!lle. N.C.. 1979.
FIGURE 4
IlEAN ANNUAL LAKE EVAPORATION
(IN INCHES)
-------
.....
.r:--
~- --'----~"'-~--
.w -
.,.-. ---- - -.
""-"_'&8.'-. ...,
'....,h -""" n- 0." .,,'
;mm'- ~.- ~,~
N 1...
a - ~
..... .~D.._. - -' ----..
---..1--..1 ~
.'. .'. ..'.
.-- --=--".::. ~
- w
"0" ,,,',
. _. -----'~--- ~
IU&D C* .... .'JI'"
Sourc.:
Cli"~ic At!.. of the United Stat.a, U.S. Depart..nt of C0888rc8, "tio~l Cll..tlc Center,
-.."vi11e. N.C.. 1979.
FIGURE 5
NORMAL ANNUAL T0'!Jl.!RECIPIT AT ION (INCHES)
-------
TABLE 2
PBlMEABILITY or GEOLOGIC HATEIULS*
Type of Mate rial
Approximate lange of
Hydraulic Conductivity
<10-7 em/see
Assigned
Value
Clay. ~ompaet till, shale; unfraetured
metamo rp hic and igneous rocks
o
Silt. loess, silty clays, silty
1088s. clay 1088s; less permeable
limestooe, dolOllites; and sandstone;
moderately permeable till
10-5 - 10-7 em/see
1
Pioe sand and silty sand; sandy
1088s; loamy sauds; moderately
permeable limestone. dolomites. and
sandstone (no kant); moderately
fractured igneol'.s and met880rphic
rocks. some coarse till
10-3 - 10-5 em/see
2
Gravel. sand; highly fractured
igneous and metamorphic rocks;
permeable basalt and lavas;
karst limestone and dolomite
:>10-3 em/see
3
*Deri ved from:
Davis. S. N.. Porosity and Permeability of Natural Materials io Plow-Through
Porous Media. R.J.M. DeWest ed.. Academic Press. New York. 1969
Freeze. R.A. and J.A. Cherry. Groundwater. Prentice-Hall. Inc.. New York. 1979
15
-------
Physical State
Assigned Value
Solid, consolidated
or stabilized
o
. Solid, unconsolidated
or unstabilized
1
Powder or fine material
2
Liquid, sludge or gas
3
3.3
Containment
Containment is a measure of the natural or artificial means
that have been used to minimize or prevent a contaminant from
entering groundwater.
Examples include liners, leachate collection
systems, and sealed containers.
In assigning a value to this rating
factor (Table 3), consider all ways in which hazardous substances
are stored or disposed at the facility.
If the facility involves
more than one method of storage or disposal, assign the highest from
among all applicable values (e.g., if a landfill has a containment
value of 1, and, at the same location, a surface impoundment has a
value of 2, assign containment a value of 2).
3.4
Waste Characteristics
In determining a waste characteristics score, evaluate the most
hazardous substances at the facility that could migrate (i.e., if
scored, containment 1s not equal to zero) to ground water.
Take the
substance with the highest score as representative of the potential
hazard due to waste characteristics.
Note that the substance that
may have been observed in the release category can differ from the
16
-------
TABLE 3
CONTAINMENT VALUE FOR GROUND WATER ROUTE
...i... C_t.u-..t . vel- of 0 11: (1).11 the ha..rcloU8 .ub.tADc.. .t tb. f..,Uity .r. UDd8rlaiA by AD .._t1&1ly IIOQ peK888ble eurface (D8turel or arti-
ficial) ADd adequat. leachate collectiou eyet- eDel divereioo .y.t- are pr..-co or (2) tb8n 18 DO. arOUll4 vater iA tIM viciAity. tba vel... "0. cIou DOt
iAdicate DO r18". latb8r, it 1DcIicata. a .i...1Iic:aDtl, lawn ralative 8'1- 1Ib8o cCJ8ll8ftd witb 80re ..r1ou8 eitea ... a D8t1DD81 lave1. Otbervt... ....eluate
tha cootaiD88ftt for aacb of tha diffareot "808 of .tor..a or di.poaal at tb. facllity U8taa tb8 foll_taa lUidaDce.
A.
Surface l.pouDclaant
c.
P11ae
Mei.oed Value
M.i.ned Value
~
.....
Souad run-on diveraion attucture,
e.eentla1ly DOn paraaable liner (natural or
artificial) C08p8tible with the weete. aDel
adequate leachete co11ectioa .y.t..
o
Pi1ee uncovered ead va.te etahi1i.ed;
or p11.. covered. vaate unetebili.ed.
ead e..eotia11, DOO per888ble liner
o
Ea.ADtiall, non per.eable c08p.tib.e'liner
with no leachete collection .,.t88; or
inadequate freeboard
P11.. uacovered, valte unetebU,.eeI,
8Oderate1, per.eabb liner, ..... l..chate
collectioa &Jat..
Potentiall, unaound run-on diveraion
.tructure; or 8Oderatel, per.eable
c08p8tible liner
2
Pile. uncovered, ...te unetebilia.d,
8Oderate1, per.eable liner, and DO
l..chate collecti- .,et..
2
Un.ound run-on diveraion atructure, no
liAar; or ioc08p8tible liner
)
P11e. uncov.racl. _at. UDatabU.eeI. and DO
liner
)
D.
L&DcIf111
8.
CoIItainen
Aui.ned Value
M.igned V. h
Coatainer. ...led and in aouod condition,
adaquate liner, end adequate leachate
collection eyet..
o
Eaeeotiall, noD per.eable liner, liner
c08peUbla wlth -eU, aDel adequate
leachate collectloa e,et..
o
Coot.toera ...led and In 80und condition,
DO lioer oe 8Oderatel, peraeable liner
Ia_tially Don per.eable c08patibl. liner, DO
1aachate collactloa .,at... and 1.....fl11 aurface
preclud.. poDeli...
1
Containere l.aking, ~derately peC8Cable
liAe r
2
Koderatal, per888bla, c08patible liner. ead leadfill
aurfaca preclucle. poDelina
2
CoIItainar. le.king and no liner or inc08p.tible
liner
)
No liner oe ioc08petible lioee; 8Oderatal,
per.eable co.petible linee; landfill eueface
&Dcouraga. poDelina. DO run-on control
)
-------
substance used in rating wad~e characteristics.
Where the total
inventory of substances in a facility is known, only those present
in amounts greater than the reportable quantity (see CERCLA
Section 102 for definition) may be evaluated.
Toxicity and Persistence have been combined in the matrix below
because of their important relationship.
To determine the overall
value for this combined factor. evaluate each factor individually as
discussed below.
Match the individual values assigned with the
values in the matrix for the combined rating factor.
Evaluate
several of the most hazardous substances at the facility
independently and enter only the highest score in the matrix on the
work sheet.
Value for Persistence
Value for Toxicity 0 1 2 3
0 0 0 0 0
1 3 6 9 12
2 6 9 12 15
3 9 12 15 18
Persistence of each hazardous substance is evaluated on its
biodegradability as follows:
Substance
Assigned Value
Easily biodegradable compounds
o
Straight chain hydrocarbons
1
Substituted and other ring compounds
2
Metals, polycyclic compounds and
halogenated hydrocarbons
3
18
-------
more specific information is given in Tables 4 and S.
Tozicity of each hazardous substance being evaluated is given a
value using the rating scheme of Saz (Table 6) or the National lire
Protection Association (NFPA) (Table 7) and the following guidance:
Tozic1ty
Assigned Value
Saz level 0 or RFPA ',evel 0
o
Saz level 1 or HlPA _eve1 1
1
Saz level 2 or NPPA level 2
2
Saz level 3 or NlPA level 3 or 4
3
Table 4 presents values for some co.-on compounds.
Hazardous waste quan~!ty includes all hazardous substances at a
facility (as received) except that with a containment value of O.
Do not include amounts, of contaminated soil or water; in such cases.
the amount of contaminating hazardous substance may be estimated.
On occasion, it may be necessary to convert data to a common
unit to combine them.
In such cases, 1 ton. 1 cubic yard. 4 drums
and for the purposes of converting bulk storage, 1 drum .
50 gallons.
Assign a value as follows:
Tons/Cubic Assigned
Yards No. of Drums Value
o 0 0
1-10 1-40 1
11-62 41-250 2
63-125 251-500 3
126-250 501-1000 4
251-625 1001-2500 5
626-1250 2501-5000 6
1251-2500 5001-10,000 7
>2500 >10,000 8
19
-------
. TABLE 4
WASTE CHARACTERISTICS VALUES
FOR SCIm COMMON CHEKICALS
/. ,
CDIIW./C1111Ca81
~ J 0 , I
M.CiA: Mid J 0 I 1
-- I 0 J 0
A1USa , , 1 0
""DU, ADIIJ>U- , 8" Z
""'&118188 a i z 0
.uto Mid , 0 0 0
ru.t1aia8 s 06 I a
JC8 , s '0" 0"
"t..~. 18- , 1 a 0
(1'Ia81 Oil... 1)
"'-1 , 1 2 0
lulf1aric Acid , 0 0 a
Tol- 2 i , 0
trtcblenMu- I , i 0
...tr1oII1nMc"" 2 Z 1 0
z,... Z 1 , 0
1
::. .:~C~~ OZ;-~dr~~r::.,:~~D~~~ ~~U~
b18llMc reciAa lhc8
-------
TABLE 5
VALUE - ]
PERSISTENCE (BIODEGRADABILITY)
SOME ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
OF
BICBU 'DBISTDIT CGIPWIIDS
N
....
alelriD
Maaopy 1'8.D8
beuoChlaaola
ban.othlopba...
bauFI butFl pbtbalata
br08Ochlorob8D&a8a
br08Olo.. bataaal
br08OphaoF 1 pbFlitl ather
chlorclaDa
chlorobFelroKF baDaapbaDOGa
bh-chlorolaoprophFl atbar
8-cblorODltrobe.....
IIDI
DDr
ellbr_a......
ellbutFl phthalata
1. 4-c11chlorobaU8D8
ellchlorod1fluoroa~
ellalelrl0
ellathFl phtbalata
ell (2-athFlbaKF 1) pbthalate
dlhD8Yl phthalata
dl-1aobut,l phtbalata
d18athFl phthalna
4. 6-cl101 t ro- 2--loopbaool
ellpropyl phthalata
elUlrlD
haptachlor
baptachlor apo.lda
l,2,3,.,5,7.7-bept8chlorOllOl'boneo..
hauchlorobaDaaoa
bauchloro-l.3-ktadia..
ha&achlorocFcl0bau0a
bauchloroathaoa
-thFl baDaothl8&ola
paotachloroblpbaoFl
_tachloropbaool
1,1, J. ~t.tr8Cb10I'oac.toD.
tnrachlorobtpballFl
thl_thFlbaaaotlolaaola
trlchlorobana-
tdchlorobl""'Fl
trichlorolluor_-
2 ,4. 6-UlchloroPbaaol
tripballFl pIoDaphata
~lchlor88th8a
b~loh
ca",,- tatraclolorUa
chlonlo..
cblo_lor88thaaa
dib_iclllonathaaa
tatrachloroathaoa
1.1.2-trlchloroathaoa
VAUq - 2
'lUlltIIIt COIII'OUmI
aca...phth,laoa
8tl'..I..-
(dlathF1) atu.iDa
barbital
borneol
br__.....
c_hor
cblorob8D&808
1,2-bta-cbloro8tboay athace
b-chloroathFl _tloFl atbar
chlor-thFl atb.n
chlor_thFl athFl atbar
3-chloronrU1oa
dl- t-butF l-p-"""oquloo-
ellchloroathFl atbar
d1hyrGe.nOD.
d188th,l .ullodel.
2.6-c1101trotol......
ch-Z...th,l-4_thFl-l, ]-dioml....
tu..-2... tbF l-4_thFl-l. ]-diDmlaaa
I-taco!
2-h,dr"""adl_ttrl1.
1oophoroaa
1"""
laoboroaol
loopropaaFl-r-laopropyl .........
Z_thoKF blpbaaFl
_thFl blp-Fl
_thFl chloddo
_thF11odaoa
-thFl- chlorldo
oitn...lool.
attrobeaa8D8
l,l,Z-trlCbloI'Mcby18'"
trlMth, l-tr 10m-bauh,elro-t rlaaloa
l_r
VAUq - 1
&CIGIIIU.r '1UilTUr COIIPOUIIIIS
ac.t,la- dlchlorlda
behenic acid, ..tbyl ut.r
b8D&8oa
beu8D8 .&llrOGic acid
but,l bao.....
butFl lor-do
a-capro1actoa
car--dhulUda
o-cr8aol
doc...a
1.2-dlchloroathaoa
1.2-d18athoKF 10-
1.3-cI18atbFl 08pbtbalooa
1,4-d18athFl p.......l
dloctFl adlpata
o-cIodacaoa
athFl "--
2-othFl-a-"""'"
o-otb,ltol-
laodacaoa
taopnpb,l "--
11-
-tbyl ..t81' of ltpoc8r Ie acid
oathaoa
2_th,l-S-othyl-PFrle11na -
oathFl ...phtbal...
oath,l pala1tata
oath,l pbaoFl canlool
oatlo,l naauta
...pbthal8D8
-
oct-
oct,l chlorlda
paat-
..-,1 """oata
phtbalic -,dr Ida
prOPF1baa&...
l-tarplaaol
tol-
..iDFl 10.......
KFl-
VAUq - 0
-.aJUTIIIr COIIPOUIIDS
acateldah,do
acaUc Kid
acetoae
.C:.~OpheA0D8
banole act.
dl-l_ut,l can1Do1
doc08&D8
.1c:o...
at_I
ath,l""'a
baudaC8D8
-thaool
_thFl b80&oata
'-tbFl butoool
oatb,l atb,l kat-
2_tbFlpropaool
OC""'C8D8
_tadac-
_taMl
pr_l
prop,l"'oa
t. cr"8C:8D.
o-trldocaoa
o.....sac-
-------
TABLE 6
SAX TOXICITY RATINGS
o - 10 ~ea1ctc... (81M)..
Data "'~t1c8 I. II... to _'eclal. ""'0 ..11 18to ... 01 tIae
'011_181 cac880I'I...
Ce) "'8..tal. ~1cb "\1M 80 Mea --.. -, t"OaI<laaa d. .....1 ~.
2 . "'''8'8 I_telt,. (1IDd)"
I.) """" l<>caL. .....lala _.~ - .iqla -....
la8t", ~. ~... 01' ~. uu. ""'.Ca ."ecc. ..
eM 8Ida 01' 8UCOtM .-br8D88. n... affecc. -, ... tM ..a.it
of tac-- ",,-U'8 '01' . "Ct... 01' ~ - ..-'Cae. 8&108\&1'.
loC' . _Ct... of ~..
(It) "C8rl.1. atca. pn4Ke t_Ie .Ueee. 08 ....... 001, ""IE tb.
"8' ....ual cOGliU.QD8 DC b, OWrW81a1aa -....
1 . 111mc loaten,. (~)..
(a) Ac.u.U toc.L. 118c8d..1. "1Q - ataeIA 8qG8U'C.. luU...
..1:0Iu18. ata"c... 01' boll... ~ 081, .lipt .Cfuta - r.be -ILIa or
8a&C\1CN8 ""1""". ........1... of tbe 8.c_C o. ~ 8JrII08'U'8.
I~) A- 'I/6toa
-------
TABLE 7
NFPA TOXICITY RATINGS*
o
Materials which on exposure under fire conditions would offer no
health hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material.
1
Mat,erials only slightly hs "':ardous to health. It may be
desirable to wear self-co :a1ned breathing apparatus.
2
Materials hazardous to health, but areas may be entered free:'y
with self-contained breathing apparatus.
3
Materials extremely hazardous to health, but areas may be
entered with extr,eme care. Full protecHve clothing, including
self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber gloves, boots and
k~ds around legs, arms and waist should be provided. No skin
surface should be exposed.
4
A f~w whiffs of. t! -" - .Jr vapor could cause death, or the gas,
vapor, or liquid could be fatal on penetrating the fire
fighters' normal full protective clothing which is designed for
resistance to heat. For most chemicals having a Health 4
rating, the normal full protective clothing available to the
average fire department will not provide adequate protection
against skin contact with these materials. Only special
protective clothing designed to protect agaiGst the specific
hazard should be worn.
*National Fire Protection Association.
Vo 1. 13, No.4 9, 1977.
National Fire Codes,
23
-------
3.5
Targets
Ground water use indicates the nature of the use made of ground
water drawn from the aquifer of concern within 3 miles of the
hazardous substance, including the geographical extent of the
measurable concentration in the aquifer.
Assign a value using the
following guidance:
--
Assigned Value
Grou~~ Water Use
lnusablf: (e
extremeI .
" extremely saline aquifer,
.ow yield, etc.)
o
Commerc1C' .ndustrial or irrigation and
anothe- ~ater source presently available;
not used, but usable
1
Drinking water with municipal water from
alternate unthreatened sources presently
available (i.e., minimal hookup requirement~);
or commercial, industrial or irrigation with no
other water source presently available
2
Drinking water; no municipal water from alternate
unthreatened sources presently available
3
Distance to nearest well and population served have been
combined in the matrix below to better reflect the important
relationship between the distance of a population from hazardous
substances and the size of the population served by ground water
that might be contaminated by those substances.
To determine the
overall value for this combined factor, score each individually as
discussed below.
Match the individual values assigned with the
values in the matrix for the total score.
24
-------
Value for Value for Distance
population to Neares t Well
Served 0 1 2 3 4
0 O. 0 0 0 0
. I . 0 4 6 8 10
2 0 8 12 16 20
3 0 12 18 24 30
4 0 16 24 32 3S
5 0 20 30 35 40
Distance to nearest well is measured from the hazardous
substance (not the facility boundary) to the nearest well that draws
water from the aquifer of concern. If the actual distance to the
nearest well is unknown, use the distance between tbe hazardous
substance and the nearest occupied building not served by a public
water supply (e.g., a farmhouse).
If a discontinuity in the aquifer
occurs between the hazardous substance and all wells, give tbis
factor a score of 0, except where it can be shown that the
contaminant is likely to migrate beyond the discontinuity.
Figure 6
illustrates how the distance should be measured.
Assign a value
using the following guidance:
Distance
As signed Value
>3 miles
2 to 3 miles
I to 2 miles
2001 feet to 1 mile
< 2000 feet
o
1
2
3
4
25
-------
2 MILES
~~~j.{i{;;Lq?: , ........
I~~~~ .:'...-: " /HAZAROOUS:>f;;~\\;..'.,..
~;~:,:-:~.~:..~ ;~~/ SUBSTA"iC~ ~':-~'t{t{:
.,"-",..... -,- --"/-«a-:,,"""'" ..,'
1~:'iiiIJ~ti~wI(11
_..~:r~~:~~:
.
-------
Population served by ground water is an indicator of the
population at risk, which includes residents as well as others who
would regularly use the water such as workers in factories or
offices and students.
Include employees in restaurants, motels, or
campgrounds but exclude customers and travelers passing through the
area iri autos, buses, or trains.
If aerial photography is used, and
residents are known to use ground water, assume each dwelling unit
has 3.8 residents.
Where ground water is used for irrigation,
convert to population by assuming 1.5 persons per acre of irrigated
land.
The well or wells of concern must be within three miles of
the hazardous substances, including the area of known aquifer
contamination, but the "population served" need not be.
Likewise,
people within three miles who do not use water from the aquifer of
concern are not to be counted.
Assign a value as follows:
Population Assigned Value
o 0
1-100 1
101-1,000 2
1,001-3,000 3
3,001-10,000 4
>10,000 5
27
-------
4.0
SURFACE WATER ROUTE
4.1
Observed Release
Direct evidence of release to surface water must be
quantitative evidence that the facility is releasing contaminants
into surface water.
Quantitative evidence could be the measurement
of levels of contaminants from a facility in surface water, either
at the facility or downhill from it, that represents a significant
(in terms of demonstrating that a release has occurred, not in terms
of potential effects) increase over background levels.
If direct
evidence of release has been obtained (regardless of frequency),
enter a value of 45 on line 1 of the work sheet (Figure 7) and omit
the evaluation of the route characteristics and containment
factors.
If direct evidence of release is lacking, enter a value of
o on line 1 and continue with the scoring procedure.
4.2.
Route Characteristics
Facility slope and intervening terrain are indicators of the
potential for contaminated runoff or spills at a facility to be
transported to surface water.
The facility slope is an indicator of
the potential for runoff or spills to leave the facility.
Intervening terrain refers to the average slope of the shortest path
which would be followed by runoff between the facility boundary and
the nearest downhill surface water.
This rating factor can be
assessed using topographic maps.
Table 8 shows values assigned to
various facility conditions.
29
-------
ill Observed Release
o
45
Mull- " ~~I " :~
" :)COI8 I ~ I
pier I :lc'.:re, (S~. ;.-"1) ;
'..1 =-'1--:5 i 4~,1
Surface Water Route Work Sheet
Rating Factor
Assigned Value
(Circle One)
If observed release is given a value of 45, proceed to line m.
If observed release Is given a value of 0, proceed to line rn
rn Route Characteristics
Facility Slope and Intervening
Terrain
1-yr. 24-hr. Rainfall
Distance to Nearest Surface
Water
Physical State
rID Targets
Surface Water Use
Distance to a Sensitive
Environment
Population Served I Distance
to Water Intake
Downstream
o
o
2
2
3
3
4.2
3
1 3
2 8
1 3
s Score 15
1 3 4.3
4.4
18 1 18
6 7 8 1 8
I
. -.
s ::;ore 26
4.5
3 9
2 6
0 1 40
0
-
55
64,350
Ssw -
o 1 2 3
o 1 2 3
o 1 2 3
o 1 2 3
Total Route Characteristic
lID Containment
ill
o 1 2 3
Waste Characteristics
Toxicity I Persistence
Hazardous Waste
Quantity
o 3 6 9 12 15
o 1 234 5
Total Waste Characteristic
} 0 4 6 8
12 16 18 20
24 30 32 35 4
Total Targets Score
[!] If line OJ is 45, multiply OJ x rn x ill
If line [!] is 0, multiply rn x rn x m x rID
o Divide line [[J by 64,350 and multiply by 100
FIGURE j
SURFACE WATER ROUTf; WORK SHEET
30
-------
TABLE 8
VALUES FOR FACILITY SLOPE AND INTERVENING TERRAIN
IoN
.....
Intervening Terrain
Terrain Average
Slope S3%; or
Site Separated
from Water Body Terrain Terrain Terrain
by Areas of Average Average Average S:f.te io
Higher Slope Slope Slope Surface
Facility Slope Elevation 3-5% 5-8% >8% Water
FacUity is closed basin 0 0 0 0 3
FacUity has average
slope ~3% 0 I I 2 3
Average slope 3-5% 0 I 2 2 3
Average slope 5-8% 0 2 2 3 3
Average slope >8% 0 2 3 3 3
-------
One-year 24-hour rainfall (obtained from Figure 8) indicates
the potential for area storms to cause surface water contamination
as a result of runoff, erosion, or flow over dikes.
Assign a value
as follows:
Amount of Rainfall
(inches)
Assigned Value
<1.0
1.0-2.0
2.1-3.0
>3.0
o
1
2
3
Distance to the nearest surface water is the shortest distance
from the hazardous substance, (not the facility or property
boundary) to the nearest downhill body of surface water (e.g., lake
or stream) that is on the course that runoff can be expected to
follow and that at least occasionally contains water.
Do not
include man-made ditches which do not connect with other surface
water bodies.
In areas having less than 20 inches of normal annual
precipitation (see Figure 5), consider intermittent streams.
'l1\is
factor indicates the potential for pollutants flowing overland and
into surface water bodies.
Assign a value as follows:
Distance
Assigned Value
> 2 miles
1 to 2 miles
1000 feet to 1 mile
< 1000 feet
o
1
2
3
Physical state is assigned a value using the procedures in
Section 3.2.
32
-------
IN
IN
f\. .- -, 'T -- 'r" ... 1'-'. .. --... _. " -- '1" -- ~ L, - ~,. ..
, "" ,. I I ' I \ '.' ( . .'
;( ~ /. I I \ . "
, I: . rlJ '1; : . I \ },
. / /"C..Jrrm ~ ~ ' '. ii: \ . \ ' d' .--., ,
.~- - '1M . If- ~-u ~ j::f~J=1-'~1 ~:h~ ~l~ ,~~\~~. .\ \, ,
I P F= . II ~ f. l( ~ I P:m! '-- ~ .
. "I - v-. ,'j or '- to' \'-- '-of--- H- -1 . ~[j rr"....r~. ~ '>;-.. . -- 'i
. I ~ , _J :: ~
"J 'I ~ L'" ; .
. I r'f , ' . --: ....q;. -t1)..:~ . \ t
. ~ Y'fj' ! \(' II. ?) I- ..' : // '" ..' .'
. 1 I-~ 'Y \. .' -' ,
. '~'j'\ +- I--L1 ;r . !\t
~- i...' ::::+- I!1"L"1 J1.I.1' . -- . ~. . ~ \
. c -, ""\,, 1: I ,. . . .
, ~ -~. ~ . ' .' . "
, ~ '~/::- -: /. :Jj~ 31/--- .J -If ~ .. ./-j. ' 'J
" I \ ---, " ~ b . . .
. , ," ..f..J - . - -. - -, ' u
.f; 'f '.' 1-:.:i.- r'--:J . k. 'J,. ,Ilt!:Jo; . "
~ '\ I, L1,~ .. :s! ~
". '-:(,1., ~:L --' 'r . .
.. !.' ,~ I ~ r-, - ~'-:-LJ!i ~ . Jt. ~ Ie. -- . ~ '\
i . ~''fE/td,~~\{'/Tj, ~ . ".c ..>? ~ '. '" ~ . \
/ ,:'~ d ',Q:- ,~~J-l) . ~ ." . i .~'. ~ ~ \.
. ""\ '. - :J( ~ ft :\. . .,1, , . \'-
D .... /' / /J..; ,?}' . . -- . .. "
".~ I . , '.. ';pt"' '1. .' \ <11 '] \
'-, \ -~ ' \ V - ~r1 '. ~ . I \.\~~ \i '.,
~ . .. I ,..e- ~r.~
. . '-, " (" ~ i" ., -'\ .' ;, . ~ l .' \
,t ~ . : ... . . . . \ . .. .
I: . --. --. . r'-.. . -...: ~...:;-~ . \ ' I
~
"
Ii
I"
'.
-
-
-
Soucc.: 1&1IIf.11 rr....8DCy .\tie. of ~... "'1~" S~.t.8, Tac18ic81 '.pac 10. 40, U.S. Dap8CC88a~ of c:-..C8,
U.S. CoY8C_~ h1A~iIIa Offic., llaabillatoa, D.C., 1963.
FIGURE 8
1-YEAR 24-HOUR RAINFALL
(INCHES)
'-;
~:}
,~
""
1';:
~
t
~. 1
, I
\1
.
q
i
-------
4.3
Containment
Containment is a measure of the means that have been taken to
minimize the likelihood of a contaminant entering surface water
either at the facility or beyond the facility boundary.
Examples of
containment are diversion structures and the use of sealed
containers.
If more than one type of containment is used at a
facility, evaluate each separately (Table 9) and assign the highest
score.
4.4
Waste Characteristics
Evaluate waste characteristics for the surface water route with
the procedures described in Section 3.4 for the ground water route.
4.5
Targets
Surface water use brings into the rating process the use being
made of surface water dOWDstream from the facility.
The use or uses
of interest are those associated with water taken from surface
waters within a distance of three miles from the location of the
hazardous substance.
Assign a value as follows:
Surface Water Use
(Fresh or Salt Water)
Assigned
Value
Not currently used
o
Commercial or industrial
1
Irrigation, economically
important resources (e.g..
shellfish), commercial food
preparation, or recreation (e.g.,
fishing, boating, swimming)
2
Drinking Water
3
34
-------
TABLE 9
CONTAINMENT VALUES FOR SURFACE WATER ROUTE
.\..ip couatll88Dt a val... of 0 if: (1) all tbe vuta at tha Uta 18 8Unouada4 b, dheniaD atnacturea tbat ua 18 a-" coad1tioa &lid adequate to c_tal8
aU rutIOff, ap11b, or laMa hOll tba vaete; or (2) l8teneal8a terrdn proclu4aa I'UDOff frOll eatutaa audeee vater. Otbecvtao, ovaluate tbe contas.-t
for eacb of the differeat 888D8 of ator..e or diepo8al at the aite &lid uai,.. a value u foll0V8l
- .._- ---------
A.
Surface l8Dound..nt
c.
......~. PI1..
hd.ed Val...
Aaaiped Valu'!
1M
VI
Sound dlk1na or dlveraion atructure.
adequate freeboard. and no ero.lon
evident
o
-
.ilea are covered aa4 aurrounded
b, aouad diveraion or cODtaill88Dt a,at..
,0
Sound dlklna ~r dlver.ion .rrucrure, but
inadequate freeboard
1
'11.. COWl red , ....tea UI\CIoll801idated,
diWlratoa or caDtaill88Dt a7at- aot adequate
1
Dlkin& not leakina, Dut potentiall, unaound
2
.11.. aot co-red, ....tea UDCOII8OU-
dated, aa4 diveraiOll or caDta~t
a7at- poteatiell, UDaOUDd
'11ea aot co_red, vut.. UllcoaMUdated,
aa4 ao diveraiGD or cClataS-t or diveraioD
a7at- leaktaa or 10 daqar Dr col1ap..
2
DikiDI un.ouod, leakina. or in dancer
of collap.e
]
]
.0
Container.
Aa81aoed Val...
D.
Landfill
Container. ...1ed. 10 .ouod condition. aDd 8ur-
rOuoded by .ound diveralon or contalR88Dt a,at..
o
haianed Val "a
ConralDera aealed end In aound condition,
but nor aurrounded by .ouod diveraion
Of conta1D88Dt .'8t..
1
Landfill alope pracludea ruaDff, laDdfill
aurro"""'" b, -..d diverai- a,et_,
or 1aa4fill baa adequate cover iatariel
Landfill DOt ..saquatel, covered aa4
diveratoo a7at- 80uad
o
CootaiDera leakln& and dlveralon or conra1D88Dt
.tructurea poteDtie11, unaound
2
1
ContaiDara l""iDI, and DO d1v8raioo or cOOraiD88Dt
.tructure. or diver. 100 atructurea leekina or 18
deoler of col1apae
]
Landftll aot cava red aa4 diveraioo ..,at..
potentWl, _und
2
LandfUl aot covered &lid DO diverai-
a7at.. preaent, or diMratoo a,at.. un80Ulld
]
-
-------
Distance to a sensitive environment refers to the distance from
the hazardous substance (not the facility boundary) to an area
containing an important biological resource or to a fragile natural
setting that could suffer an especially severe impact from
pollution.
Table 10 provides guidance on assigning a value to this
rating factor.
Population served by surface water with water intake within 3
miles downstream [rom facility (or 1 m1le in static surface water
such as a lake) is a rough indicator of the potential hazard
exposure of the nearby population served by potentially contaminated
surface water.
Measure the distance from the probable point of
entry to surface water following the surface water flow (stream
miles).
The population includes residents as well a8 others who
would regularly use the water such as workers in factories or
offices and students.
Include employees in restaurants. motels. or
campgrounds but exclude customers and travelers passing through the
area in autos. buses and trains.
The distance is meaeured from the
hazardous substance. including observations in stream or sediment
samples. regardless of facility boundaries.
Where only residential
houses can be counted (e.g.. from an aerial photograph). and
residents are known to be using surface water. assume 3.8
individuals per dwelling unit.
Where surface water is used for
irrigation. convert to population by assuming 1.5 persons per acre
of land irrigated.
Assign a value as follows:
36
-------
TABLE 10
VALUES 'oa SENSITIVE DVIIOHHIII'r (SUIPACE VATBa)
ASSIGHID VALUE. 0 1 2 3
DISTANCE 'l'O WftLAImS*
(S acre _f_f_~)-
Coutal > 2 ail.. 1 - 2 aile. .. - 1 811e <.. aile
-
're.b Water > 1 aile " - 1 aile 100 feat - " af.le < 100 !eat
w DISTANCE TO >1 aile .. - 1 aile " - .. aile <" aile
.... CRITICAL HABITAT
(of endaaaered .pecie.)**
*Wet1aDcl i. defined by IPA in tbe Code of 'ederal Replation. 40 en Part 230. Appaadtx A. 1980
**lDd.-.ered .pecie. are de.iaaated by tbe U.S. 'i.b aDd Wildlife Service.
-------
Distance to Surface Hater
2001 feet 0-2000
Population >3 ailei 2-3 miles 1-2 ailea to 1 aile feet
0
1-100
101-1000
1001-3000
3001-10,000
> 10, 000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
8
12
16
20
0
6
12
18
24
30
0
8
16
24
32
35
0
10
20
30
35
40
38
-------
5.0
AIR ROUTE
5.1
Observed Release
The only acceptable evidence of release for the air route is
data that show levels of a contaminant at or in the vicinity of the
facility that significantly exceed background levels. regardless of
the frequency of occurrence.
..f such evidence exists. enter a value
of 45 on line 1 of the work s~..:et (Pigure 9); if not. as&1811 line 1
a 0 value and then S . o.
a
Record the date. location. and the
sampling protocol for monitoring data on the work sheet.
Data based
on transitory conditions due to facility disturbance by
investigative personnel are not acceptable.
5.2
Waste Characteristics
The hazardous substance that was observed for scoring the
release category may be different from the substance used to score
waste characteristics.
Reactivity and incompatibility. measures of the potential for
sudden releases of concentrated air pollutants. are evaluated
independently, and the highest value for either is recorded on the
work sheet.
Reactivity. provides a measure of the fire/explosion threat at a
facility.
Assign a value based on the reactivity classification
used by NFPA (see Table 11).
Reactivity ratings for a number of
common compounds are given in Table 4.
39
-------
Air Route Work Sheet
Rating Factor Assigned Value Multi- Score Max. Ref.
(Circle One) plier Score (Section)
IT] Observed Release 0 45 1 45 5.1
Date and Location:
SaMpii.-,g Protocol:
If !lne IT] 'IS 0, .to.! Sa - O. Enter on line rn.
If line ill is 4. . It in proceed to line [IJ.
- ---.
[IJ Waste ChArac .3 5.2
Reactivity a' 0 1 2 3 1 3
Incompatlt: ..'1
Toxicity 0 1 2 3 3 9
Hazardous Waste 0 1 2 3 4 !S 6 7 8 1 8
Quantity
I Total Waste Characteristics Score 20
rn Targets 5.3
Population Within. } 0 9 12 15 18 1 30
4-Mlle Radius 21 24 27 30
Distance to Sensitive 0 1 23 2 6
Environment
Land Use 0 1 2 3 1 3
I Total Targets Score 39
m xrn rn
Multiply IT] x 35.100
rn Divide line m by 35.100 and multiply by 100 Sa -
FIGURE 9
AIR ROUTE WORK SHEET
40
-------
TABLE 11
_._- -- 0'_..
_. - - - -
N:?PA ~.
o
Materials which are normally stable even under
fire exposure conditions and which are not
reactive with water.
'-_.
-_. -.1'.--.--
-_.- .--- -_..-
-.-. --- .'-.- ..-
1
HateriC11s
but 'Mhich
tures and
with some
.ihlch in C!-i",w5c':"io.=:> _0',. '_.JLlIla.~i.i scable
may become unstable ~t elevated tempera-
pressures or which ~ay react with water
release of energy b~t not violently.
--
2
Materials which in themselves are normally unstable
and readily undergo violent chemical change but do
not detonate. Includes ~aterials which can undergo
chemical change with rapid ~elease of energy at
normal temperatures and pressures or which can
undergo violent chemical change at elevated temp-
eratures and pressures. Also includes those
materials ~hich may ~eact violently with water o~
which may form potentially c~plGsive mixtures with
water.
3
Materials which in themselves are capable of deton-
ation or of explosive decomposition or of explosive
reaction but which requires a strong initiating
source or which must be heated under confinement
before initiation. Includes materials which are
sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock at ele-
vated temperatures and pressures or which react
explosively with water without requiring heat or
confinement.
4
Materials which in themselves are readily capable
of detonation or of explosive decomposition or
explosive reaction at noraml temperatures and pres-
sures. Includes materials which are sensitive to
mechanical or localized thermal shock.
41
~ gned
.~.J.ue
o
1
2
3
3
-------
Incompatibility provides a measure of the increased ~alard ~hen
hazardous substances are mixed under uncontrolled conditions,
leading to production of heat, pressure, fire, explosion, violent
reaction, toxic dusts, mists, fumes or gases, or flammable fumes or
gases.
Table 12 provides examples of incompatible combinations of
materials.
Additional information can be obtained from A Method for
Determining the Compatibility of Hazardous Wastes, H. K. Hatayama,
!!al., EPA-600/2-80-o76 (1980).
Assign a value using the following
guidance:
Incompatibility
Assigned Value
No incompatible substances
are present
o
Present but do not pose
a hazard
1
Present and may pose a
future hazard
2
Present and posing an
immediate hazard
3
Toxicity should be rated for the most toxic of the substances
that can reasonably be expected to be transported away from the
facility via the air route.
Using the information given in
Tables 4, 6, and 7, assign values as follows:
Toxicity
Assigned Value
Sax level 0 or NFPA level 0
o
Sax level 1 or NFPA level 1
1
Sax level 2 or NFPA level 2
2
Sax level 3 or NFPA levels 3 or 4
3
42
-------
----------.
TABLE 12
INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS
10 the lists below. lhe mixtn& of a Croup A muterial with & Group 8 material IbBY have'the potential consequence as noted.
Group I-A
Acelylene 6Judg~
Akaltne cau~tic liquids
Alkaline cleaner
Alkaline corrosive liquids
Alkaline corrosive battery fluid
CauBtic wastewater
Lime 6) udge and other
corro6tve alkalies
1.1m~ wati:tewater
Llmt! and water
Spent caustic
Potenc 181 coudequences;
.Gruup 1-8
Group 4-A
Acid Rludge
Acid and water
8attery acid
ChemIcal cleaners
Electrolyte acid
Etchlng acld llquld
or solvent
Pickling liquor and
corr091ve acids
Spent acid
Spent mixed acid
Spent sulfuric acid
other
Al coho 10
Aldehydes
Halogenated hydrocarbons
Nitrated hydrocarbons
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Other reactive organic
compounds and solvents
Potential consequences:
Group 5-A
Spent cyanide and sulfide
solutions
c";roup 2-A
Heat generation; violent reaction.
Group 2-8
Potential cons~quences:
hydrogen sulfide gs..
.c-
w
Aluminum
8eryl1um
Cslclum
Llthlum
Potassium
Sodlum
Zinc powder
Olher reacliv~ metals and
metal hyd['1des
Potential consequences;
hydrogen gas.
Any w..te in Group l-A or 1-8
Group 6-A
Gruup J-A
Fire 0[' exploslon; g~neration of flammable
G['oup 3-8
Chlorates
Chlorine
Chlorltes
Chromlc ac id
HyphochlorHe.
Nitrateti
Nitric acid, fuming
Perchloratea
Permanganates
Peroxide.
Other 8troog oxidize['s
Aleuhols
Water
Any concentrated waste in
Group. l-A or 1-8
Calc iWD
Llthlum
Hetol hydridea
Potassium
S02C12. SOC12, PC12.
CH), SlCl)
Olher water-reactive waste
Potential consequences:
Source:
Potential consequences: Fire. t:xplosion. or heat generation;
generation of flammable or toxic gases.
Hazardous Waste Kanagement Law. Regulations. and Guidelines for the Handling of Hazardous Waste.
California. February 1975.
Group 4-8
Concent~aled Group I-A
or I-I! watttes
Group 2-A waste.
Fire. explosion. or violent reaction.
Gruup 5-8
Group 1-8 wastes
Generation of toxic hydrogen cyanide or
Group 6-8
Acetic acid and other
organic acids
Concentrated mineral
.Croup 2-A wastes
Group 4-A wastes
Other f lSllllllBble and
combustible wastes
acldcti:
Fire, explosion, or violent reaction.
California Department of Health. Sacramento.
-------
Hazardous Waste Quantity
Assign hazardous waste quanLity a value as described in
Section 3.4.
5.3
Targets
Population within a four-mile radius is an indicator of the
population which may be harmed should hazardous substances be
released to the air.
The distance is measured from the location of the hazardous
substances, not from the facility boundary.
The population to be
counted includes persons residing within the four-mile radius as
well as transients such as workers in factories, offices,
restaurants, motels, or students.
It excludes travelers passi~g
through the area.
If aerial photography is used in making the
count, assume 3.8 individuals per dwelling unit.
Select the highest
value for this rating factor as follows:
Distance to Population
from Hazardous Substance
0-4 0-1 0-1/2 0-1/4
Population miles mile mile mile
o 0 0 0 0
1-100 9 12 15 18
101-1000 12 15 18 21
1001-3000 15 18 21 24
3001-10,000 18 21 24 27
>10,000 21 24 27 30
Distance to sensitive environment is an indicator of the
likelihood that a region that contains important biological
resources or that is a fragile natural setting would suffer-serious
44
-------
damage if hazardous substances were to be released from the
facility.
Assign a value from Table 10.
Land use indicates the nature and level of human activity in
tbe vicinity of a facility.
Assign highest applicable value from
Table 13.
45
-------
TABLE 13
VALUES FOR LAND USE (AIR ROUTE)
ASSIGNED VALUE - 0 1 2 3
Distance to > 1 mile ~ - 1 mile ~ :- ~ mile < ~ mile
COlIDDercial-
Industrial
Distance to >2 miles 1 - 2 miles ,,- 1 mile < ~ mile
National/State
Parks, Forests,
Wildlife Reserves,
and Residential
Areas
~
0\ Distance to
Agricultural
Lands (in
Production within
5 years)
Ag Land > 1 mile ~ - 1 mile ~ - ~ mile < ~ mile
Prime Ag Land* >2 miles 1 - 2 miles ~ - 1 mile < ~ mile
Distance to within view of
Historic/Landmark site or if site
Sites is subject to
(National Register significant im-
of Historic Places pacts
and National Natural I
Landmarks)
*Deflned in the Code of Federal Regulatiol1s, 7 CFR 657.5, 1981.
-------
6. 0 ~OKPUTING THE MIGRATION HAZARD MODE SCORE. SM
To compute ~. coaplete the vork sheet (Figure 10) using the
values of S . Sand S obtained from the previous lection..
gv sv a
47
-------
Groundwater Route Score (Sgw)
Surface Water Route Soore (Ssw)
Air Route Score (Sa)
S2 .. 52 + S2
gw sw a
v' S2 + 52 ':7
gw ~. a
V S2 + ."~- ~ S 2 / 1.73
gw 'iW a
S
=~-
FIGURE 10
WORKSHEET FOR COMPUTING SM
48
S2
-------
7.0
PlRE. AND EXPLOSION
Compute a score for the fire and explosion hazard mode, SFE'
when either a state or local fire marshall has certified that the
facility presents a significant fire or explosion threat to the
public or to sensitive environments or there is a demonstrated fire
and explosion threat based on field observations (e.g., combustible
gas indicator readings).
Document the threat.
7.1
Containment
Containment is an indicator of the measures that have been
taken to minimize or prevent hazardous substances at the facility
from catching fire or exploding.
Normally it will be given a value
of 3 on the work sheet (Pigure 11).
If no hazardous substances that
are individually ignitable or explosive are present and those that
may be hazardous in combination are segregated and isolated so that
they cannot come together to form incompatible mixtures, assign this
factor a value of 1.
7.1
Waste Characteristics
Direct evidence of ignitability or explosion potential may
exist in the form of measurements with appropriate instruments.
If
so, assign this factor a value of 3; if not, assign a value of O.
Ignitab1l1ty is an indicator of the threat of fire at a
facility and the accompanying potential for release of air
contaminants. Assign this rating factor a value based on the NFPA
classification scheme (Table 14). Table 4 gives values for a number
of common compounds. Assign values as follows:
49
-------
Fire and Explosion Work Sheet
Rating Factor
Assigned Value
(Circle One)
Multi-
plier
Score
Max.
Score
Ref.
(Section)
Containment
1
1
7.1
Waste Characteristics
Direct Evidence
Ignltabillty
Reactivity
Incompatibility
Hazardous Waste
Quantity
03 1
0123 1
0123 1
0123 1
012345678 1
Total Waste Characteristics Score
3
3
3
3
8
20
7.2
Targets
Distance to Nearest
Population
Distance to Nearest
Building
Distance to Sensitive
Environment
Land Use
Population Within
2-Mlle Radius
Buildings Within
2-Mlle Radius
012345
0123
0123
0123
012345
012345
Total Targets Score
5
3
3
3
5
24
7.3
Multioly m x m x [j
1,440
U Divide line PH by 1,440 and multiply by 100
SFE-
FIGURE 11
FIRE AND EXPLOSION WORK SHEET
50
-------
TABLE 14
NFPA IGNIfABILITY LEVELS AND ASSIGNED VALUES
NFPA LEVEL
ASSIGNED VALUE
Very flammable gases, vev volatile
flammable liquids, and m*_?erials that
in the form of duats or mists readily
form explosive mixtures when dispersed
in air.
Liquids which can be ignited under all
normal temperature conditions. Any
material that ignites spontaneously
at normal temperatures in air.
Liquids which must be moderately heated
before ignition will occur and solids
that readily give off flammable vapors.
Materials that must be preheated
before Ignition can occur. Most
combustible solids have a flammability
rating of 1.
Materials that will not burn.
51
-------
Ignitabllity
Assigned_Value
Plashpoint 2000p,
or NFPA level 0
o
Plashpoint l400p to
2000p or NFPA level 1
1
Flashpoint 800p to 1400p
or NFPA level 2
2
Flashpoint 800p or NFPA
levels 3 or 4
3
React! vi ry.
Assign values a8 in Section 5.2.
Incompatibility.
Assign values as in Section 5.2.
Hazardous Waste Quantit~.
Assign values a8 in Section 3.4.
7.3
Targets
Distance to nearest population is the distance from the
hazardous substance to the nearest building or area in which one or
more persons are likely to be located either for residential,
educational, business, occupational, or recreational purposes.
It
is an indicator of the potential for harm to humans from fire and
explosion.
The building or area need not be off-site.
Assign
values as follows:
Distance
Assigned Value
>2 miles
1 mile - 2 miles
1/2 mile - 1 mile
201 feet - 1/2 mile
51 feet -- 200 feet
o - 50 feet
o
1
2
3
4
5
52
-------
Distance to nearest building is an indicator of the potential
for property damage as a result of fire or explosion.
Assign a
value as follows:
Distance
Assigned Value
> 1/2 Jd1e
201 feet - 1/2 mile
51 - 200 feet
o - 50 feet
o
I
2
3
Distance to nearest sensitive environment is measured from the
hazardous substances, no~ from the facility boundary.
It is an
indicator of potential harm to a sensitive environment from fire or
explosion at the facility.
Select the highest value using the
guidance provided in Table 15 except assign a value of 3 where fire
could be expected to spread to a sensitive environment even though
that environment is more than 100 feet from the hazardous substance.
Land Use.
Assign values as in Section 5.3.
Population within two-mile radius (measured from the location
of the hazardous substance, not from the facility boundary) is a
rough indicator of the population at risk in the event of fite or
explosion at a facility.
The population to be counted includes
those residing within the two mile radius as well as people
regularly in the vicinity such as workers in factories, offices, or
students.
It does not include travelers passing through the area.
If aerial photography is used in making the count, assume 3.8
individuals per dwelling.
Assign values as follows:
53
-------
TABLE 15
VALUES FOR SENSITIVE ENVIRONMENTS (FIRE AND EXPLOSION)
ASSIGNED VALUE -
o
1
2
3
V1
~
Distance to
Wetlands*
> 100 feet
< 100 feet
Distance to
Critical
Habitat**
> ~ mile
.1000 feet - ~ mile
100 - 1000 feet
< 100 feet
*Wetland is defined by EPA in the Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR Part 230. Appendix A. 1980
**Designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
-------
Population
Assigned Value
o
1 - 100
101 - 1,000
1,001 - 3,000
3,001 - 10,000
> 10,000
o
1
2
3
4
5
Number of buildings within two mile radius (measured from the
hazardous substance, not fr>~l the facility boundary) is a roush
indicator of the property damage that could result from fire aud
explosion at a facility.
Assign values to this factor a8 folloW8:
Number of Buildings
As signed Value
o
1 - 26
27 - 260
2f~. - 1:10
791 - 2600
>2600
o
1
2
3
4
5
55
-------
8.0
DIRECT CONTACT
The direct contact hazard mode refers to the potential for
injury by direct contact with hazardous substances at the facility.
8.1
Observed Incident
If there is a confirmed instance in which contact with
hazardous substances at a facility has caused injury, illness, or
death to huma~s or domestic or wild animals, enter a value of 45 on
line 1 of the work sheet (Figure 12) and proceed to line 4
(toxicity).
Dc.c.Lment the incident giving the date, location and
pertinent details.
If no such instance is known, enter "0" on
line 1 and proceed to line 2.
8.2
Accessibility
Accessibility to hazardous substance refers to the measures
taken to limit access by humans or animals to hazardous substances.
Assign a value using the following guidance:
Barrier
Assigned Value
A 24-hour surveillance system (e.g.,
television monitoring or surveillance
by guards or facility personnel) which
continuously monitors and controls entry
onto the facility;
o
or
an artificial or natural barrier (e.g.,
a fence combined with a cliff), which
completely surrounds the facility; and
a means to control entry, at all times,
through the gates or other entrances to
the facility (e.g., an attendant, television
monito~s, locked entrances, or controlled
roadway access to the facility).
57
-------
Direct Contact Work Sheet
Rating Factor Assigned Value Mult.. Score Max. Ref.
(Circle One) pller Score (Section)
OJ Observed Incident 0 45 1 45 8.1
"line [!] Is 45. proceed to line rn
"line [!] 18 0, proceed to line rn
rn Acceselbillty 0 1 2 3 1 3 8.2
~
rn Containment 0 15 1 1!J 8.3
rn Waste Charactertsttca
Toxicity 0 1 2 3 5 I 15 8.4
m Targets 8.5
Population WlthJn a 0 1 2 3 4 5 4 20
1-Mlle R8dfua
Dlatance to. 0 1 2 3 4 12
Critical Habitat
, Total Targetl Score 32
[!I "line [!] is 45. multiply m x rn x rn
"line m is 0, multiply IlJ x rn x m x rn 21.600
0 Divide line IE by 21,600 and multiply by 100 SDC -
FIGURE 12
DIRECT CONTACT WORK SHEET
58
-------
Barrier (continued)
Assigned Value
Security guard, but no barrier
1
A barrier, but no separate
means to control entry
2
Barriers do not completely
surround the facility
3
8.3
Containment
Containment indicates whether the hazardous sub8tance itself 1s
accessible to direct contact.
For example, if the hazardous
substance at the facility is in surface impoundments, containers
(sealed or unsealed), piles, tanks, or landfills with a cover depth
of less than 2 feet, or has been spilled on the ground or other
surfaces easily contacted (e.g., the bottom of shallow pond or
creek), assign this rating factor a value of 15.
Otherwise, assign
a value of O.
8.4
Waste Characteristics
Toxicity.
Assign a value as in Section 3.4.
8.5
Targets
Population within one-mile radius is a rough indicator of the
population that could be involved in direct contact incidents at an
uncontrolled .f aciH ty. Assign a value as follows:
Population Assigned Value
o 0
1 - 100 1
101 - 1,000 2
1,001 - 3,000 3
3,001 - 10,000 4
>10,000 5
,.
59
-------
Distance to a critical h9bitat (of an endangered species) 1s a
rough measure of the probability of bar. to me.bers of an endangered
species by direct con~act with baaardous substance.
Assign a value
as follows:
Distance
Assigned Value
> 1 aile
1/2 to 1 aile
1/4 to 1/2 aile
< 1/4 II1le
o
1
2
3
60
------- |