EPA-600/2-77-021
February 1977
Environmental Protection Technology Series
                     ALARM-LEVEL  MONITOR FOR  S02
                       EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY
                                                  SOURCES
                                   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
                                        Office of Research and Development
                                       U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                  Research Triangle Park, Nortfi Carolina 27711

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                RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES

Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have  been grouped  into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further development and application of
environmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The five series are:

     1.    Environmental Health Effects Research
     2.    Environmental Protection Technology
     3.    Ecological Research
     4.    Environmental Monitoring
     5.    Socioeconomic Environmental Studies

This report  has  been  assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
TECHNOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and
demonstrate  instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent
environmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This
work provides the new  or improved technology required for the control and
treatment of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.

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                             EPA Report No. 600/2-77-021
                             February 1977
            ALARM-LEVEL MONITOR FOR S0_

         EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES
                         by
                 Donald A. Wallace
                        and
                   Wayne Perkins

           International Biophysics Corp,
                 2700 DuPont Drive
             Irvine, California, 92664  .
              Contract No. 68-02-2233
                  Project Officer
                 Roosevelt Rollins
Emissions Measurement and Characterization Division
     Environmental Science Research Laboratory
    Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
     ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
         OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
       U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
    RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27711

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                          DISCLAIMER
      This  report  has  been  reviewed by  the  Environmental
Sciences Research  Laboratory,  U.  S.  Environmental Protection
Agency,  and  approved  for  publication.    Approval  does not
signify  that  the contents necessarily reflect the views  and
policies  of  the  U. S.  Environmental Protection Agency,  nor
does mention  of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.

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                           ABSTRACT
      A field prototype, alarm-level monitor for SO- emissions
from stationary sources was  designed,  fabricated and tested.
The monitor was designed to  be inexpensive, simple to operate
and easily maintained.  The monitoring system is an extractive
type that employs an air aspirator to  pull a sample through a
probe and sample conditioning assembly.  The gas sample  flows
through  an  analyzer that contains an electrochemical cell as
the sensing  element.   The  analyzer  has  the sensitivity to
detect  SO,,  concentrations  in  a single range from 0 to 1000
parts per Million.  Visual  and  audible  alarms are activated
when SO- emissions are in excess of a preset level.
                                  111

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                           CONTENTS
Abstract                                              iii



Figures and Tables                *                     v



1.  Introduction                                       1



2.  Summary                                            3



3.  Conclusions                                        5



4.  S0_ Monitor Description                            7



5.  SO- Sensor Operating Principle   '                 12



6.  Laboratory Tests                                  15



7.  Field Tests                                       17



Appendix                                              24



      A.  Laboratory Reports of S02 Field Samples     25
                              IV.

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                      FIGURES AND TABLES


                                                      Page
Figures

     Figure 1.  S02 Monitory System                    8

     Figure 2.  SOj Monitor Instrument Cabinet         9

     Figure 3.  Electrical Chemical S02 Gas Sensor    13

     Figure 4.  S02 Sensor Span Drift Test            16

     Figure 5.  S02 Monitor Field Test Setup          18

     Figure 6a. Field Test Chart Records              21

     Figure 6b. Field Test Chart Records              22

     Figure 6c. Field Test Chart Records              23
Tables
     Table 1.   System Specifications                 11

     Table 2.   Interference Equivalents              14

     Table 3.   Analyzer Accuracy Determination       20
                               v.

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                          SEGT-ION: .1 .

                         INTRODUCTION
     EPA regulations require that all new and modified station-
ary sources be equipped and monitored for specific pollutants
emitted from specified categories of sources.  The applicable
monitoring systems must be capable of quantitatively detecting
the pollutant gases of interest and generating and recording
emission data continuously as a function of time.  There are
presently available several commercial monitoring systems to
meet these needs.  Generally, these monitoring systems are com-
plex in design and require skilled personnel for set up, calibra-
tion, and operation.  Thus, by nature, such monitoring systems
are expensive to purchase  ($20,000-$50,000) as well as costly to
maintain.  These costs are considered reasonable for new and
substantially modified sources.

     However, existing sources outnumber new and modified sources
These existing unmodified sources are regulated by State Imple-
mentation Plans, which usually encompass legal limits on emis-
sions.  Some states now require monitoring of emissions from
existing individual sources and it is anticipated that similar
requirements will be imposed for additional sources.

     A large number of the existing source facilities are small
in size, production-wise, and do not normally employ the type of
skilled personnel needed to maintain complex monitoring systems.
It would be prohibitive, from a cost and practical standpoint,
to require monitoring these sources with present commercially
available systems.

     Additionally, there are many existing sources in which the
type of operation involved does not necessitate the generation
of emission data on a continuous basis.  Because of the nature
of the emissions  (high concentrations for short periods and low
concentrations for longer period), continuous monitoring and
data collection is highly impractical.  An alternate approach
would be to detect those instances when specified emission limits
are exceeded.  An Alarm-type monitoring system will achieve es-
sentially the same control as the more complex systems but with
the inherent advantages of being simpler in deisgn and operation,
requiring a minimum of data collection and analysis, and thus
less costly to purchase and maintain.

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     The purpose of this contract was to develop a field proto-
type, alarm-level monitor for sulfur-dioxide (802) emissions
from stationary sources.  The system design was to be as simple
and straightforward as practical and such that future commercial
production of the system is possible.

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                          SECTION 2

                           SUMMARY
     A field prototype alarm-level monitor for SC>2 emissions from
.stationary sources was designed, developed, fabricated and field
tested under this contract.

     Design criteria for the monitor resulted from a parametric
study of all factors impacting a specific monitoring concept—
that concept being that small, unsophisticated, existing source
facilities faced with meeting local legal limits on emissions
need an inexpensive monitor that requires minimum instrument
maintenance.  The parametric study considered the following:

        a general industry emission study to identify potential
     instrument users and obtain an overview of typical effluent
     composition, effluent levels, and source monitoring operat-
     ing practice.

     - a study of applicable regulatory guidelines and stand-
     ards for S02 source emissions to determine the required
     instrument concentration level capability.

     - general operator skill level, industrial procedures, ser-
     vicing and maintenance requirements and reliability under
     field service conditions.

     - SC>2 measuring concepts, and potential manufacturing cost
     reductions through design simplification.


     Results of the study were as follows:

     - An electrochemical transducer type SC>2 sensor most close-
     ly matched the criteria.

     - Analyzer sensitivity from 100-1000 ppm would meet the
     vast majority of field applications.

     - Visual and acoustical signaling devices activated when
     preselected adjustable emission levels have been reached
     is adequate operator alarm.

     - Measurement accuracy of ± 20% relative to EPA method No.
     6 is adequate for this usage.

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     - System response time should be 10 minutes or less.

     - Every effort should be made in the design to incorporate
     plug-in component modules, roomy instrument cabinets, etc.,
     for easy maintenance.

An electrochemical analyzer complete with refrigerated sample
dryer, heat trace sample line and sample probe was developed
and tested.  The tests, performed on the scrubber section of a
light weight aggregate rotary kiln process, indicated the design
performance goals are met by the analyzer.

     A cost analysis of the monitoring system indicated that
the system may be marketed at a cost below $2,500 excluding the
probe assembly.

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                          SECTION ,3

                         CONCLUSIONS
     A source monitoring system was developed under this contract
for visual and audible alarm when SO? emission exceeds a prede-
termined level.  The results of the field tests of this system
are presented below.

     (1)  The nature of the process plant chosen for field test
     was such that the hot gas exhaust section had an exceeding-
     ly high particulate loading which plugged the sample probe
     almost immediately.  Measurements were then taken on the
     downstream side of a wet scrubber.  The gas at this point
     was cool and the particulate level was reduced but the sam-
     ple was saturated with water vapor.  This water vapor con-
     densed in the unheated probe and backflushing was required
     from time to time to prevent blockage.

     In by far the majority of sources which use this instru-
     ment, the gas will be much hotter, the probe temperature
     will be higher and the water vapor condensation should not
     be a problem.  The sample line also may be backflushed if
     the probe filter becomes loaded with particulates, using
     the high pressure auxiliary air supply.

     (2)  The system calibration concept called for a pressure
     operated check valve in the probe to allow span gas to be
     introduced at the probe, thus providing a true 'system1
     calibration.  Unfortunately, in the field test the stack
     gas was cool as well as the probe and check valve thus pre-
     venting the check valve from seating and sealing properly
     on a Teflon seat.  The calibration concept seems correct,
     however, further testing at hotter temperatures is needed.

     (3)  The new electrochemical cell developed for the analyzer
     functioned well.  Improved features such as the large elec-
     trolyte reservoir for long operating life and the elimina-
     tion of temperature conditioning on the cell cannot be
     properly judged without long term testing which was not
     possible in this program.

     (4)  Wherever the sample probe or stack fittings are exposed
     to a gas flow with high water vapor, 316 stainless steel
     should be used rather than 304 to reduce corrosion of the
     metal.

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(5)  The cyclic concentration component observed in some of
the analyzer data could not be traced to either a plant per-
formance parameter or to the analyzer.  Further tests are
needed to fully establish analyzer performance.

(6)  The field test, which compared the new analyzer con-
centration measurement on a strip chart to an EPA Method 6
measurement on side-byside sampling resulted in an analyzer
relative accuracy of 16.7%.

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                          SECTION 4

                S02 MONITOR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION


     The instrument system developed under this contract is an
extractive type that employs a probe assembly for taking a gas
sample from any selected location in a stack, flue or process
stream.  Principle elements of the system are illustrated sche-
matically in Figure 1.  A check valve located near the probe tip
provides a method of introducing span gas for true system cali-
bration by passing the calibration gas through every element of
the instrument system.  A filter also located in the probe line
removes any solid particulates such as fly-ash from the sample.
The sample gas flows from the probe to the'instrument cabinet,
shown in Figure 2, through heat-traced line to prevent water
vapor condensation and consequent SO,  loss by absorption in the
water.  The sample passes through a heat exchanger coil which is
cooled by a reliable, low cost refrigeration unit.  The gas
sample stream along with any water which is condensed out of the
gas stream at the end of the heat exchanger, enters a separator
section wherein a portion of the dried gas sample is continuous-
ly extracted for S0~ analysis.

     The total probe gas sample is pulled through the system,
including the separator, by means of an air operated high volume
flow aspirator.  The high volume sample flow results in a short
residence time for the SC»2 in the gas stream with the separa-
tor's condensed water.  The low volume flow dry gas sample is
drawn from the separator by a separate vacuum pump, passes
through a flowrator and final particulate filter and enters the
S02 analyzer cell.

     The analyzer contains an electrochemical membrane polar-
graphic type cartridge sensor.  The sensor distinguishes the S02
gas from other components in the gas stream and produces an
electric current by electro-catalytic oxidation which is direct-
ly proportional to the S02 concentration.  The concentration is
indicated on an analog meter and the signal is available as a
recorder output.

     The analyzer is calibrated using 'zero1 gas as supplied by
atmospheric air which has been scrubbed of S02 and by means of
calibration span gas of known concentration introduced either at
the monitor cabinet or at the probe itself.

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00

'. CHECK VALVE
I . J._... ^
'. : PARTI CULATE
FILTER
• ~~^^ A
; VARIABLE
X STACK
rcF£L-X
1 1 ^N
| ° | BACK N~
| o FLUSH
L 	 1
TEMP
CONTROL
MODULE
AUX AIR

^CAL GAS
L>>
f1!
HEAT TRACE
SAMPLE LINE
VAC
GAGE TEMP
—• T ® ©
^ \7, T I ^HEAT EXCHANGER
i-rsfe^M.- i- 	 	 ,~\ /
•*- SAMPLE r^/I
1 S3 | REFRIG.
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SEPARATOR -v _Z_. CSUOTI. _^ „_„_ -a(; SCRUBBER
^WF=7L SAMPLE ^.qc^ZERO GAS j 	 1 ^ aTM aTR

KTL-i i 1 — n /I 	 1 	 hst*k 	 . -n^-CAL GAS
L— CXH 	 1— i / 1 rJ I^H u
ASPIRATOR 1 \^J
T PUMP
f~l DISCHARGE
ALARM H j 	 , i 	 1
LIGHT T"~t- — {J 1 — • 	 1
1
ALARM /V/[S-L
HORN (UI/P- 	 (J->
ALARM MO
. A
\ |
j S02 J
. 	 ft SENSOR IS 	
| ^ CELL 	 | FLOWMETER
DULE SO2 ANALYZER MODULE
                                      FIGURE 1. S02 MONITOR SYSTEM.

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HEAT  TRACED
SAMPLE  LINE
ELEC CONTROL
PANEL PLUG-IN
MODULE
                     TEMP CONTROL
                     PLUG-IN MODULE
GAS
SELECTOR
MODULE
                                                       ALARM
                                                       LIGHT
                                               S02 ANALYZER
                                               PLUG-IN MODULE
                           ALARM
                           PLUG-IN MODULE
                                                              L ALARM '
                                                                '". ANNUNCIATOR
                                                                 ANALYZER
                                                                 PARTICULATE
                                                                 FILTER
                                                                  NEMA
                                                                  ENCLOSURE
                   GAS/WATER
                   SEPARATOR
ASPIRATOR
REFRIGERATION
UNIT
    ANALYZER
    SAMPLE GAS
    PUMP
               HEAT EXCHANGER
            FIGURE 2. SO2 MONITOR INSTRUMENT CABINET.

                                    •

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     An alarm module is adjustable to any desired SC>2 concen-
tration level.  SC>2 levels above this preselected level are indi-
cated both by activation of ah annunciator and by an external
light.

     The sample line may be backflushed if the probe filter be-
comes loaded with particulates, using the high pressure auxil-
iary air supply.

     The monitoring system, with the exception of the probe and
sample line, is housed in a NEMA enclosure for rugged external
environment protection.  The system is conveniently broken down
into [subsystems which, are designed as individual plug-in modules
to expedite removal by nontechnical personnel at the field site.
The subsytems include the following:

              a)  Analyzer Plug-in Module.

              b)  Temperature Control Plug-in Module.

              c)  Alarm Plug-in Module.

              d)  Electrical Control Panel Plug-in Module.

              e)  Gas Handling Panel.

              f)  Refrigeration/Heat Exchanger Unit.


     Each of these subsystems can be easily removed for factory
maintenance.  The selected NEMA enclosure is purposely large
and roomy to ease maintenance.

     System's performance specifications are shown in Table 1.
                              10

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               TABLE 1.  SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
Range:           0-1000 ppm
                 Direct reading in parts per million by volume.
                 Span has 300% over range capability.

Accuracy:        System- - 20% of f.s. max. accumulated error for
                 24 hours. +
                 Analyzer- -2% of f.s. referenced to span gas

Repeatability:   -1% of f.s.                             •

Minimum Detectability:   -1% of f.s.

Linearity:       -1% of f.s.

Span Drift:      ^1% of f.s. (4 hrs)
                 -2% of f.s. (24 hrs)

Electronic Drift:  -1%  of f.s. per 24  hrs.

Response Time:   30 sec max to 95% of  f.s.
                               o
Ambient Operating Temp:  10-115 F

Power:           115 Vac, 60 Hz, 800 watt
                              11

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                          SECTION 5

                S02 SENSOR OPERATING PRINCIPLE

      The SO- sensor, located in the analyzer,  belongs to the
category of electrochemical  membrane-type  polarographic  gas
detectors.   The  gas  sample flows across the sensor membrane
during gas  stream  passage  between  inlet  and outlet parts.
Some of  the  gas  molecules  diffuse through the membrane and
dissolve in a  thin  liquid  film  at  the  sensing  electrode
surface where they are absorbed and undergo electroxidation or
reduction.   The  opposite  reaction  occurs  at  a  reference
electrode  resulting  in  electron  current flow in  the  load
circuit.   A  separating  matrix  insulates  the  sensing  and
reference  electrodes  and  serves  as  an  ionic conductor to
maintain electro-neutrality.   Spare  electrolyte is contained
in a reservoir in a bound state and maintains contact with the
matrix through capillary action.   The sensor unit is shown in
Figure 3.

Sensor Selectivity

      Sensor  selectivity  is  based on the standard electrode
potential of  the  electrochemical  reaction involving the gas
being measured.   By  controlling  the potentials at which the
electrode  reactions occur, reactions of  certain  interfering
gases   can   be   minimized,   thereby   removing   them   as
interferences.  With the SO- sensor  biased  to  maximize  SO
response  the interference equivalents for other possible  gas
constituents  is  given  in Table 2  as  determined  by  tests
reported in Reference 1.
                              12

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                                         DISCHARGE
                                          GAS
                                          SAMPLE
                                          FLOW
FIGURES. ELECTRO CHEMICAL SO2 GAS SENSOR.
                   13

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              TABLE 2.  INTERFERENCE EQUIVALENTS
          Interference Gas
                H2S
                °2

                MO

                NO,

                CO

                He

                CO,

                KU
Equivalent Ratio

      26:1

      -0.3:1

      1000:1

      100:1

      -0.6:1

      100:1

      100:1

      1000:1

      1000:0
Reference-..

"Evaluation of Portable Sulfur Dioxide Meters."

Contract No. HSM-99-73-1 (T.O. No.  2)  for National Institute
 for Occupational Safety and Health,  by Research Triangle
 Institute, Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina 27709.
                              14

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                          SECTION 6

                      LABORATORY TESTS
        Long  term zero  drift  and  span  drift  tests  were
performed  to check sensor cell  performance.   A  sixty-four
(64) hour unattended test was  performed  in  the  laboratory
using 444  ppm SO- span gas and a programmable timer set on a
10%  duty cycle i.e., one  minute  of  sample  gas  and  nine
minutes of zero gas.  Portions of  the chart record are shown
in  Figure 4.  The zero drift  for  the  64  hour  period  is
observed to be essentially zero.

        The span drifted from  444  ppm  to approximately 495
ppm { 11.5%) in the  first eight (8)  hours of operation while
the sensor cell was reaching equilibrium.   For the regaining
56  hours  of test the span remained  constant  with  -5  ppm
maximum variation.
                              15

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                            SECTION  7

                           FIELD  TESTS

         Field   tests   of   the  SO-  Alarm Monitor were performed
 during  the  month   of  May  1976 at the Crestlite Corporation's
 light weight aggregate plant  in San Clemente, California.  The
 aggregate is produced  continuously  in  a rotary kiln.  Exhaust
 from kiln contains  both large  and  fine particulate as well as
 sulfur  compounds released  from heated clay.   The  bulk  of the
 large particulate is removed by  a series  of cyclone separators
 and  a wet scrubber  removes a significant portion  of  the  fine
 particulate from the gas stream.

         The  field  tests   were   intended  to  demonstrate  the
 overall operational capability of  the  monitoring  system in a
 field application and  specifically  to  determine  the system S02
 measuring   accuracy.    The  accuracy    determination    was
 accomplished    by   comparing  the  integrated  real  time  S0_
 concentration   reading of the monitoring system to the  sample
 concentration  obtained by  the  standard EPA method 6.  This side
 by side sampling was performed at the downstream end of the wet
-scrubber as shown in Figure 5.

         Testing was   first attempted at  the  hot  (500 F  gas
 temperature)   upstream end of  the wet  scrubber,  however,  the
 high particulate   load  plugged the  sampling  probe   almost
 immediately.    Testing was accomplished then on the downstream
*end   of  the  scrubber   where the  gas  stream  particulate
 concentration  was significantly  reduced.   The gas termperature
 was  very low   in   the scrubber exhaust  resulting in partial
 condensation of the saturated  water vapor.  The sampling probe
 was  pointed downstream to prevent  excessive  entertainment  of
 water   mist  into   the sample   gas   stream.    The  low  gas
 temperature, however,  meant a  low probe temperature  with  some
 water   vapor   condensation  prior  to  the heated sample  line.
 Frequent backflushing  was   required to prevent flow restriction
 during  the  one hour test  period.   The Teflon seat in the probe
 check valve requires   an   elevated  temperature in order to seal
 properly with back pressure.    With  the  probe  at  the  low
 temperature of the  exhaust stack gas,  the  system calibration
 from probe  on through to analyzer  could  not  be  performed
 because of  the  check  valve leakage.  Calibration  thus  was
 performed at the analyzer  for  these field tests.
                               17

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         CRESTLINE ROTARY KILN AGGREGATE PLANT
                       *.- -  -   ...
END OP SCRUBBER MEASUREMENT  STATION
-
                                                                                       SO, MONITOR
                                                                                       INSTRUMENT CABINET
                                                                                       ON VAN AT  THE
                                                                                       MEASUREMENT STATION
                                     FIGURE 5.  SO2 MONITOR FIELD TEST SETUP.

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Test Procedure

        The system was backflushed and the  analyzer zeroed and
spaned with 430  ppm span gas prior to each run.  A strip chart
record was made of the  analyzer  output  at  the same time the
sample was being taken with the sampling train.   All  sampling
with the  standard  sampling  train was done in accordance with
EPA method 6  procedures.   These  samples  were analyzed by an
independent laboratory, Analytical Research  Laboratories  Inc.
of Monrovia, California, and compared with the integrated strip
chart record.

Test Results

        The summarized  results  of  eight  tests  are given in
Table 3 and the pertinent data from the sampling train tests in
Appendix A.   The strip chart records from the S02 analyzer are
presented in Figure 6.

        The  comparative, results indicate the S02 Alarm Monitor
is  well  within  the  -20%  accuracy  design  goal  (with  the
exception of one test point) assuming the sampling  train  test
results are accurate.

        The cause of the  cyclic  analyzer  signal in Run 2 and
part  of Run 3 could  not  be  traced  to  the  analyzer  which
responded  normally  during  span gas calibration  nor  to  any
cyclic  plant process phenomena.  Likewise, backflushing failed
to eliminate the phenomena.  Further field tests are  needed to
achieve a high level of reliability in the instrument.
                              19

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                        TABLE 3.  ANALYZER ACCURACY  DETERMINATION
Reference Method Difference
Test. Samples Analyzer 1-Hr* Continuous
No. Date & Time SO 9 - ppm SO? Aver age -ppm Ref. — ppm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5/10/76 10:00
5/12/76 9:00
5/12/76 10:00
5/12/76 11:00
5/12/76 12:00
5/12/76 13:00
5/12/76 14:00
5/12/76 15:00
372
276
242
223
174
221
262
328
328
206
241
203
193
238
253
300
-44
-70
-1
-20
+15
+17
-9
-28
NJ
O
             Mean Reference Method
               Test Value              = 262.25

             Mean Differences          = 26

             95% Confidence Intervals  = -11.11

                        26 + 17.77
             Accuracy =   262.25       = 16.7%
        *Analyzer average obtained by integrating  strip  chart records

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FIGURE 6a. FIELD TEST CHART RECORDS.

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NJ
                                    FI CURE 6b. FIELD TEST CHART RECORDS.

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to
U)
                                    FIGURE 6c. FIELD TEST CHART RECORDS.

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                          APPENDIX A
     Laboratory reports of SO? field samples from Crestlite
Corporation, San Clemente, California, by EPA Method 6.
                              24

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                   ANALYTICAL  RESEARCH LABORATORIES,  INC.     -
                                                                              Log Numb if r
                 160 TAYLOR STREET, P.O. BOX 369, MONROVIA, CALIFORNIA 91016
                                                                    ,213. 357-3247
Mate rial/Sample Identity
  IBC  - Celesco/Scrubber  samples  7 runs, 14 samples,
                                                                Date Received
                                                                 5/17/76
P.O. or R.P. Number

  nqi i s?. s	
                                   Requested By
                                Wayne Perkins
Work Order
  5141-01
              Sample Disposition
               D Retain   Q Return  0 Destroy
                                      Nature of Hazard
Due  Date
 5/24/76
Ship To:
                                                  Invoice to:
            Wayne Perkins
            2700 DuPont Drive
            Irvine,  CA  92715
                                                     International Biophysics
                                                       (same address)
                                                     Attn:  Mr.  Mike Turner
Nature of Work and Information Desired
                        SO,,   SO?      content, ppm
Sumrr-ary of Laboratory Report
                                                                      Q. C.  Level
                                        SO,
                                            son
Test #2
Test #3
Test #4
Test #5
Test #6
Test #7
Test #8
4. 7
33.
9. 5
8. 6
49.
20.
44.
276.
242.
223.
174.
221.
262.
328.
                        Ai o n-ytuts! p'c'.'di:1 fo t!:tnli, liiii r.-;>j'* »'. t"l>ai:t-tl fo' t'i; ;»c!-.»u/-lir.;l:»= of th- qj^'i/t .3!
               OU'^O ••Tll.'.l ii proKib''"
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                  ANALYTICAL  RESEARCH  LABORATORIES,  INC.
                                                                        Log Number
                160 TAYLOR STREET. P.O. BOX 369. MONROVIA. CALIFORNIA 91016
                                                               (213)
                                                                  357-3247     56039
Material/Sample Identity
    IBC Celesco, Inc. /Method 8 Impingers
                                                                 Date Received
                                                                   5/13/76
P. O.  or R. P. Number
        Verbal
                                      Requested By
                                     Mr. Wayne E. Perkins
Work Order
      f 131-01
                  Sample Disposition
                   D Retain   G Return  O Destroy
Nature of Hazard
Due Date
 5/13/76
Ship T D:
                IBC/Celesco, Inc.
                2700 DuPont Drive
                Irvine, Ca.  92664
Nature of Work and Information Desired
                             Sulfuric Acid and SO-
SumrniLry of Laboratory Report
                                                                Q. C. Level I  3
Blanks were nil for the peroxide and isopropanol solutions.
Ircpinger #1
                               139 mg, as H2SO4
                               113 mg, as SO,
         Total H2SO4 received
   Irrpinger #2
         Total SO. received
                                    41 ppm H2SO  or SO,
                               821 mg, or 0. 01015 ft  @ STP, or
                               372 ppm based on 29. 48 ft3 gas at 22°C


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                                        26

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                                   TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            I Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.

 EPA-600/2-77-021
                                                            3. RECIPIENT'S ACCEESIOP*NO.
4. TITLE ANDSUBTITLE

  ALARM-LEVEL MONITOR FOR  S09  EMISSIONS FROM
  STATIONARY SOURCES         ^
                                                            5. REPORT DATE
                                                               February 1977
                                                            6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

   Donald A. Wallace  and Wayne Perkins
                                                            8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

   International Biophysics Corporation
   2700 DuPont Drive
   Irvine, California   92664
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                              1AD712
                                                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                              68-02-2233
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
   Office of Research  and Development
   U.S. Environmental  Protection Agency
   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina   27711
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                              Final 7/75-5/76
                                                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                              EPA-ORD
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT
        A field prototype, alarm-level monitor for S0£ emissions  from stationary
   sources was designed,  fabricated and  tested.   The monitor was  designed to be
   inexpensive, simple  to operate and easily maintained.  The monitoring system is
   an extractive type that employs an air  aspirator to pull a sample through a
   probe and sample  conditioning assembly.   The  gas sample flows  through an analyzer
   that contains an  electrochemical cell as  the  sensing element.   The analyzer has
   the sensitivity to detect S02 concentrations  in a single range from 0 to 1000
   parts per million.   Visual and audible  alarms are activated when S02 emissions
   are in excess of  a preset level.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS

   *Air pollution
   *Sulfur dioxide
   Monitors
    Electrochemical  cells
   *Warning systems
                                              l).IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                         c. COSATI 1'icld/Cjroup

                                                                             13B
                                                                             07B
                                                                             07D
                                                                             13L
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


   RELEASE TO PUBLIC
                                             I 19. SECURITY CLASS /Tills Kepnrtl
                                             '      UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
       36
                                               20. SECURITY CLASS f Tills page)

                                                   UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                            27

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