EPA-600/2-77-023m
February 1977
Environmental Protection Technology Series
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS PROFILES FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL USE: Chapter 13.
Plasticizers Industry
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further development and application of
environmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
TECHNOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and
demonstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent
environmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This
work provides the new or improved technology required for the control and
treatment of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/2-77-023m
February 1977
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS PROFILES
ENVIRONMENTAL USE
CHAPTER 13
PLAST1CIZERS INDUSTRY
Carol May Thompson
Radian Corporation
Austin, Texas 78766
Contract No. 68-02-1319
Project Officer
Alfred B. Craig
Metals and Inorganic Chemicals Branch
Inudstrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory - Cincinnati, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement
or recommendation for use.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 13
Paqe
INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION 1
Raw Materials 4
Products 7
Compan i es 8
Envi ronmental Impact 9
Bibliography 11
INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 13
Synthetic Plasticizer Processes 13
Process No. 1. Es ten fi cation of Carboxylic Acids 15
Process No. 2. Production of Phosphate Esters by Esterification. 20
Process No. 3. Epoxidation 24
APPENDIX A - Raw Materials 29
APPENDIX B - Products 33
APPENDIX C - Company Product List 51
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LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 13
Figure Page
1 PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR ESTERIFICATION OF
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 14
2 PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHATE
ESTERS 19
3 PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR PRODUCTION OF EPOXIDIZED
ESTERS 23
IV
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LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 13
Table Page
1 1974 PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY PLASTICIZERS BY GROUPS 2
2 TOTAL U.S. PLASTICIZER PRODUCTION FOR 1965-1974 3
3 TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME ALCOHOLS 6
4 CLASSES OF COMPOUNDS USED AS PRIMARY PLASTICIZERS
FOR POLY (VINYL CHLORIDE) 7
5 PLASTICIZER PRODUCTION CAPACITIES 1974 8
6 RAW WASTE CONCENTRATIONS AND LOADS FOR FACILITY
PRODUCING DIETHYL PHTHALATE 17
7 RAW WASTE CONCENTRATIONS AND LOADS FOR FACILITY
PRODUCING TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE 22
8 INPUT MATERIALS FOR BATCH EPOXIDATION OF SOYBEAN OIL
(FMC PROCESS) 25
9 INPUT MATERIALS FOR RESIN CATALYZED EPOXIDATION OF
SOYBEAN OIL 26
10 OPERATING PARAMETERS FOR SEVERAL EPOXIDATION PROCESSES 27
A-l CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 30
A-2 ALCOHOLS USED WITH CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 31
A-3 ALCOHOLS USED WITH POC13 TO MAKE PHOSPHATE ESTERS 32
B-1 PRODUCT LIST 34
C-1 COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST 52
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Some of the technical information used in preparing this catalog entry was
supplied to EPA by Monsanto Research Corporation, Dayton Laboratory, under
Contract No. 68-02-1320, Task 17. The contributions of Duane E. Earley are
gratefully acknowledged. Mr. William Medley was Project Leader.
This catalog entry was prepared for EPA by Radian Corporation under Contract
No. 68-02-1319, Task 52. The author was Carol May Thompson. Contributions
by Terry B. Parsons and Judith D. Whiting are gratefully acknowledged. Eugene
C. Cavanaugh was Program Manager.
Helpful review comments from Paul F. Bruins were received and incorporated into
this chapter.
VI
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SYNTHETIC PLASTICIZER INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION
The plasticizer industry includes manufacturers who produce primary
synthetic organic plasticizers. Manufacturers who refine or otherwise
upgrade natural plasticizers such as mineral oil or castor oil are not in-
cluded. Plasticizers are materials which are added to organic polymers to
facilitate processing, to modify the properties of the product, or both.
In some cases the plasticizer serves primarily as a processing aid, faci-
litating the fabrication of the polymer into its final product but perform-
ing no function thereafter. In other cases the plasticizer determines the
physical properties of the end product and is a critically important, func-
tional component of the composite for the life of the end product. In
general, workability, flexibility, extensibility and resilience are imparted
to a polymer system by a plasticizer. Distinctions among plasticizers,
extender oils, flame retardants, processing aids and lubricants are often
blurred.
Amounts of plasticizer added vary from a few percent to amounts compar-
able to the amount of organic polymer in the finished product. Plasticizers
compatible with one polymer may not be compatible with another. Primary
plasticizers have a high degree of compatibility with the polymer at the
projected use level. A second or extender plasticizer can be used safely
only with substantial amounts of primary plasticizer for the polymer system
to maintain satisfactory compatibility. Extenders are used to reduce costs.
The plasticizer industry uses raw materials produced by the industrial
organic chemicals industry (Chapter 6) and produces products which are used
as raw materials by the plastics and resins industry (Chapter 10). There
are more than 600 plasticizers commercially available but only about 150
of these have industrial significance. The bulk of plasticizers used
currently in the United States is employed in the formulation of flexible
vinyl plastics.
The major categories of synthetic plasticizers are carboxylic acid
esters, phosphoric acid esters, linear polyesters and epoxidized esters.
Most synthetic plasticizers are derived from some form of esterification.
Seventeen manufacturing facilities owned by 13 companies accounted
for 93 percent of the 1974 plasticizers production capacity (980 Gg/yr).
Numerous small firms are engaged in the production of plasticizers 'for
specialty applications.
According to the Standard Industrial Classification System, the
plasticizer industry is included in the group of industries which produces
a wide range of synthetic organic chemicals. Since industry statistics
for this group of manufacturers are combined, no information was found
describing the approximate number of workers employed in the production
of plasticizers.
The United States InternationaT Trade Commission (formerly U. S.
Tariff Commission) reported total production of primary plasticizers
in 1974 to be 858 Gg (1.89 billion pounds). Table 1 lists the production
figures reported by the Tariff Commission. As indicated in Table 1 well
1
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over half of U. S. synthetic plasticizer production is of phthalate esters,
Production included 70 Gg of epoxidized esters (epoxidized soya oils and
octylepoxytallates): 16 Gg of esters of natural fatty acids such as oleic,
sebacic and stearic acids; and 56 Gg of other acrylic plasticizers. It is
possible that some of the production by some of these categories does not
refer to the synthetic plasticizer industry as it has been defined here.
Table 1. 1974 PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY PLASTICIZERS BY GROUPS
Plasticizer Type Production (Gg)
Phthalic acid esters 548
Trimellitic acid esters 12
Other cyclic (non-phosphate plasticizers) 38
Adi pic acid esters 29
Epoxidized esters 70
Esters of oleic, stearic, and sebacic acids 16
Other acyclic (non-phosphate) plasticizers 61
Cyclic phosphates 43
Acyclic phosphates 13
Complex linear polyesters 29
TOTAL 858
Source: United States International Trade Commission. Synthetic
Organic Chemicals, United States Production and Sales of
Plasticizers. 1974, Preliminary, December 1975.
Manufacturing plants, with several minor exceptions, are located east
of the Mississippi River. The plants are evenly distributed north to south
with some concentrations along the eastern seaboard. Appendix C gives
plant site locations.
About 80 percent of all plasticizers are consumed in poly(vinyl
chloride) (PVC) formulations; therefore, trends in the synthetic plastici-
zer industry generally follow those of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) pro-
duction. Table 2 lists total U.S. production of plasticizers as reported
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by the International Trade Commission.
Table 2. TOTAL U.S. PLASTICIZER PRODUCTION FOR 1965-1974
Year
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
Production (Gg/yr)
587
548
573
604
627
606
678
775
850
858
Source: U.S. Tarriff Commission Synthetic Organic Chemicals, United
States Production and Sales. Plasticizers. 1965 TC Publi-
cation 206; 1966 TC Publication 248; 1967 Preliminary; 1968
Preliminary; 1969 Preliminary; 1970 TC Publication 479; 1971
TC Publication 614; 1972 TC Publication 681. United States
International Trade Commission, Synthetic Organic Chemicals,
United States Production and Sales. Plasticizers 1973 ITC
Publication 728; 1974 Preliminary.
Production of poly(vinyl chloride) resins and products dropped approx-
imately 25 percent from 1974 to 1975. Assuming plasticizer production
followed the same trend, 1975 production would be estimated at about 645 Gg.
This drop in production was brought on by greatly decreased demand from the
automotive and housing industries. The only other annual decrease in plas-
ticizer production in the past 10 years is correlated with the 1969-70 eco-
nomic slowdown. Economic recovery is expected to return the growth rate for
Plasticizers to the 5-10 percent per year range.
Despite these optimistic predictions uncertainties exist in the long-
range future of poly(vinyl chloride) based products and therefore in the
future demand for synthetic plasticizers. These uncertainties arise from
solid waste disposal problems and toxicity problems. Solid waste disposal
problems include the nondegradability problems associated with plastics in
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general when the landfill method of disposal is used. In addition, incin-
eration of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) resin yields 0.6 kg of HC1,
a corrosive and toxic gas, per kg of resin. (In a typical flexible (plas-
ticized] product containing approximately 35 percent plasticizer the amount
of HC1 emitted would be proportionately reduced.) At low combustion temper-
atures the presence of chlorine retards combustion. Environmentally accept-
able incineration of large amounts of poly(vinyl chloride) requires the use
of specially designed incinerators to promote combustion, resist corrosion,
and prevent hazardous emissions.
Toxicity questions associated with poly(vinyl chloride) revolve around
the discovery of previously unknown toxic properties of vinyl chloride mon-
omer in the early seventies. These discoveries resulted in stringent emis-
sion standards which have raised some doubts about the future of vinyl chlo-
ride. The toxicity of phthalate esters has been a matter of concern. However,
possible effects on humans have not been clearly demonstrated. So far,
concerns related to the environment and safety have not influenced the
plasticizer market nearly so much as have economic factors.
Short-term estimates of raw materials supplies (phthalic annhydride,
branched alcohols and linear alcohols) indicate adequate supplies in most
cases for the next two to four years. The long-term outlook for feedstock
supply and price (which impact product prices) is tied to the political and
economic complexities associated with the increasing reliance of the United
States on imported petroleum.
The plasticizer industry, along with the entire petrochemical industry,
has the flexibility to rapidly change the amount and type of materials pro-
duced, within wide limits, in response to raw materials shortages and market
demands. This capacity and willingness to change production emphasis makes
even moderate-term predictions about growth trends quite risky.
No specific information was found concerning on-site generation of
steam or electricity. It is to be expected that steam, when required, will
be generated on site. It is believed that electric power generally will be
purchased from utility companies by contractual agreement, even for very
large installations.
Raw Materials
Most plasticizers are products of esterification reactions between
hydroxyl compounds such as alcohols or glycols and carboxylic or phosphoric
acids. Commonly used catalysts are sulfuric acid and p-toluene-sulfonic
acid for carboxylic acid esters and magnesium chloride for phosphoric acid
esters. Appendix A contains a complete list of raw materials.
Raw materials for carboxylic acid esters are primarily aliphatic or
aromatic dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides and C6-C13 branched chain alco-
hols. The most important aromatic diacid derivatives are the phthalate esters.
This group of plasticizers employs phthalic anhydride as the aromatic diacid
precursor. Terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid are used to a much smaller
extent. The major aliphatic dicarboxylic acid used in the production of
dicarboxylic acid esters is adipic acid. Other less frequently used diacids
are sebacic and azelaic acids. Mono- and tri-functional acid esters are also
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produced to a small extent in the industry from mono- and tri-acids. Benzoic
acid, citric acid and trimellitic anhydride are examples of acidic compounds
used in the production of these less widely used plasticizers. The most im-
portant plasticizer alcohol for combination with carboxylic acids is 2-ethyl-
hexanol (commonly referred to as octyl alcohol). Other important alcohols
include isooctyl alcohol, isodecyl alcohol and butyl alcohol. In some cases
mixtures of closely related alcohols rather than pure compounds are used.
Polyester plasticizers are usually of the linear variety and are made
primarily from dicarboxylic acids and glycols. The acid and glycol are com-
bined and polymerized to the required molecular weight range. Adipic acid
is the most frequently used acid. Azelaic and sebacic acids are also used.
The glycols vary and can be mixed.
Phosphate esters of phenolic compounds are the most important materials
produced for fire-retardant plasticizers. The major acidic phosphorous compound
used in the production of cyclic phosphate esters is phosphorous oxychloride,
POC13, which is derived from phosphorous trichloride or phosphorous pent-
oxide and chlorine. Phenols are the hydroxyl bearing precursor. Tricresyl
phosphate is produced by the reaction of POC13 with a mixture of meta and
para cresols. Mixtures of cresols and phenol will yield esters such as
cresyl diphenyl phosphate. Aryl-alkyl phosphates are produced in signifi-
cant quantities from mixtures of aryl-alkyl alcohols. The most important
ester of this type is 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate.
Epoxidized plasticizers are prepared from natural oils (esters) such
as soybean oil or linseed oil or by epoxidation of synthetic esters such
as the 2-ethylhexyl ester of tall oil or oleic acids. The most widely used
natural oil is soybean oil and the most important synthetic is 2-ethylhexyl
tall ate.
Phthalic, trimellitic and adipic acids are derived primarily from
petroleum with smaller amounts of raw materials coming from coal tar. Oleic,
stearic, and palmitic acids are made from animal fats. Palmitic acid is also
derived from cottonseed oil. Laurie acid comes from coconut oil and ri-
cicionleic acid from castor oil. Azelaic acid is made by ozonolysis of
oleic acid. Sebacic acid is obtained by hydrolysis of castor oil. Overall,
the amounts of raw materials derived from petroleum and coal greatly exceed
the amounts derived from non-fossil sources.
Plasticizer alcohols can be broadly categorized as branched chain
alcohols in the C6-Ci3 range and straight chain alcohols in the C6-Cn
range. These alcohols are prepared almost exclusively from olefins derived
from petroleum by the "Oxo" process, by aldol condensation, by a combination
of the "Oxo" process with aldol condensation or by the use of aluminum alkyls
(Ziegler catalysts). These alcohols may be prepared by reduction of fatty
acid esters derived from coconut oil or tallow, but currently only small amounts
of alcohols are actually prepared this way. Branched-chain alcohols or
mixed isomers of branches alcohols are commonly designated by the prefix iso
even though this usage does not conform to the strict chemical definition
of the term. In some cases mixtures of alcohols containing 7 to 11 carbon
atoms are used.
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Table 3 lists several toxicologican properties for a few alcohols which
are used as raw materials for plasticizers.
Table 3. TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME ALCOHOLS
Alcohol
1-Butanol
Ethanol
Ethyl ene glycol
2-Ethylhexanol
Glycerol
isoijutyi alcohol
Isodecyl alcohol
Propylene glycol
Single
Oral
LD50,a
Rats,
g/kg
4.36
21.3
8.54f
7.1
27.5
2.4o
9.80
26.38
Single
Skin
Penetration,
LD50
Rabbits
ml /kg
4.2
20
(killed one
of four)
9.53
2.38
>20
4.24
3.56
>20
3 Single Inhalation0
vapor
Concentration
ppm
145
145
16,000
16,000
16,000
16,000
16,000
16,000
8,000
Time
Hours
1
4
8
8
8
8
2
8
8
No.
Killed
none
of 6
none
of 6
none
of 6
none
of 6
none
of 6
none
of 6
none
of 6
none
of 6
Primary
Skin H
Irritation,
Rabbits
none
minor
none
minor
none
none
mild
none
Eye
Injury,
Rabbits
severe
moderate
none
moderate
none
severe
minor
trace
FOOTNOTES:
aThat quantity of undiluted chemical which kills 50% of exposed animals.
Dosage is expressed as grams per kg of animal body weight.
ty\ 24 hour covered skin contact with the liquid chemical, or a solid in an
acceptable vehicle.
CA single continuous breathing of the stated concentration of chemical in
the stated period of time.
skin response 24 hours following application of 0.01 ml amounts to
uncovered skin.
eSurface damage produced by the liquid or solid chemical or appropriate
concentration thereof.
f Single dose oral toxicity to humans is greater.
Source: McClelland, C.P. Alcohols, Mono and Polyhydric. In: Encyclopedia
of Polymer Science and Technology, Vol 1. H. F. Mark, ed. N.Y.,
Wiley, 1964.
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Products
Classes of compounds used as primary plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride)
are listed in Table 4. This list does not include mineral oils and chlori-
nated hydrocarbons which are usually identified as secondary plasticizers
or extenders although the chlorinated hydrocarbons impart some flame resist-
ance and flexibility.
Table 4. CLASSES OF COMPOUNDS USED AS PRIMARY PLASTICIZERS FOR
POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE)
Monomeric esters of dicarboxylic acids ordi- or polyhydric alcohols
dialkyl adipates
dialkyl azelates
glycol dibenzoate esters (some)
glycollates such as butyl phthalyl butyl glycollate
trialkyl mellitates
dialkyl and alkyl benzyl o-phthalates
pentaerythritol derivatives
Phosphoric acid esters
triaryl phosphates
aryl-alkyl phosphates
trialkyl phosphates
Polymeric plasticizers
Polyesters of
adipic acid
azelaic acid
phthalic acid
with various glycols terminated with
monofunctional groups
Epoxy compounds
epoxidized soybean oil
epoxidized tall oil
epoxy resins (some)
Miscellaneous
phenoxy compounds
sulfonamides
Source: Coaker, A. W. M. and E. Musclaick. Plasticizers. In: Modern
Plastics Encyclopedia, Vol 51, No. 10A. Sidney Gross, ed. N.Y.,
McGraw-Hill, October 1974, p. 244-252.
7
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Different plasticizers often are chosen to impart specific properties
to the finished product. Phthalic esters find substantial general purpose
use in PVC film, sheeting, extrusion products, and wire and cable coatings.
Adipates are used to impart low temperature flexibility to PVC formulations
(e.g., vinyl meat-wrapping films). Phosphate esters are added to PVC in
order to restore the fire retardancy of the unplasticized polymer when this
has been dimished by addition of other plasticizers not containing a fire-
retardant element (P, Cl, B ). Polyesters are more resistant to extraction
and migration than monomeric esters.
Although the plasticizers listed in Table 4 are used principally in
formulation of poly(vinyl chloride) products, many are compatible with
other polymers. Appendix B contains a complete list of commercially avail-
able plasticizers and includes information on physical properties, compati-
bility with various polymers, and manufacturers.
Companies
The companies which dominate the industry are large, integrated chemi-
cal or petrochemical companies which also produce a number of other products.
In several cases the companies produce the acids and/or the alcohols from
which the plasticizers are made. Some manufacturers produce poly(vinyl chlor-
ide) monomer and resins as well. Thirteen companies which had approximately
93 percent of the synthetic plasticizer capacity for the United States in
1974 are listed in Table 5.
Table 5. PLASTICIZER PRODUCTION CAPACITIES
Company
Monsanto Company
*
Union Carbide Corporation
W. R. Grace & Co.
United States Steel Corporation
Eastman Kodak Company
Exxon Corporation
FMC Corporation
BASF Wyandotte Corporation
Rohm and Haas Company
Stauffer Chemical Company
Tenneco Inc.
Emery Industries, Inc.
B. F. Goodrich Company
Gg/yr
225
147*
113
90
64
59
50
36
41
27
27
18
16
1974
%
23.0
15.0
11.5
9.2
6.5
6.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
2.8
2.8
1.8
1.6
*Union Carbide ceased production of phthalate esters in 1975. This
shift significantly decreased Union Carbide's total plasticizer
capacity, perhaps by as much as 100 Gg/yr.
Source: Monsanto Research Corporation. Work done under Contract
68-02-1320.
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Appendix C lists companies engaged in the manufacture of materials
used as plasticizers. Plant locations and materials produced are included.
Capacities are listed if available. Some companies engaged in the manufacture
of cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals or industrial specialties also manufacture
plasticizers.
Environmental Impact
The synthetic plasticizer industry produces gaseous, solid and liquid
wastes. Waste water is the major environmental problem of this industry.
Hydrochloric acid gas emissions, for example, are largely controlled in
phosphate ester manufacture by gas scrubbers. Solid waste is a minor poll-
ution source which results from ester purification processes. Solid wastes
include spent activated carbon and insoluble sulfate salts.
A major source of waste water from esterification of carboxylic acids
is the water from neutralization and washing operations and filter backwash.
These types of plasticizers are normally washed and neutralized to remove
traces of H2SOi, or other acid catalyst. Waste water can contain dilute
caustic, additives, sulfates (from acid catalyst) and organics such as al-
cohols, monoester, and small amounts of product.
The waste water from one plant which produces diethylphthalate had
very high values for biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total
organic carbon, sulfate, oil, total dissolved solids and copper. Exact
values are given in Process Description 1. The waste water flow rate was
0.65 liter waste water per kg product. If these values are typical of
processes involving esterification of carboxylic acids, the waste water
problem lies not so much in the volume of water produced as in its poor
quality. The copper concentration found for this plant is high enough to
interfere with biological treatment of the water.
The waste load values from the diethylphthalate plant may be compared
with those from a plant producing tricresylphosphate (TCP) (see Process 2).
The comparison reveals that the TCP plant had a much higher waste water flow
rate (28 liters per kg product) and much lower waste loadings for bio-
chemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, cy-
anide, oil, copper and total dissolved solids. Sulfate loads were comparable
for the two processes. Waste loads were higher for the TCP process for all
other contaminants listed. Chloride loads were quite high for the TCP pro-
cess. Phenol levels are of potential concern. Although not listed in the
table of contaminants, permanganate is added to phosphate esters during the
purification process and manganese will be found in wash waters.
The contaminants listed are for untreated waste water and many of the
potential problems with such wastes can be avoided by appropriate water
treatment. Plasticizer production usually occurs at a plant at which other
organic chemicals are manufactured. Pollutant emissions from the plant will
depend on waste management practices, segregation or combination of waste
streams, composition of wastes from other organic chemical processes conducted
at the site, and waste treatment facilities.
-------
The amount of solid waste (spent activated clay or activated charcoal)
is not large. However, if the solids are disposed of by landfill, materials
of unknown composition may be leached and might pose a threat of local ground-
water contamination.
10
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Bibliography
1. Anderson, Earl V. Phthalic Anhydride Makers Forsee Shortage. Chemical
and Engineering News, 53(26):10-11, June 30, 1975.
2. Billmeyer, Fred W., Jr. Textbook of Polymer Science, 2nd Ed. N.Y.,
Wiley, 1971.
3. Chemical Technology: An Encyclopedic Treatment, Vol IV. N.Y., Harper
& Row, 1973.
4. Chemical Profile, 2-Ethylhexanol. Chemical Marketing Reporter 209(12):9,
March 22, 1976.
5. Coaker, A. W. M. and E. Muschick. Plasticizers. In: Modern Plastics
Encyclopedia, Vol 51, 10A. Sidney Gross, ed. N.Y., McGraw-Hill, October
1974, p. 244-252.
6. Darby, J. R. and J. K. Sears. Plasticizers. In: Kirk-Othmer Encyclo-
pedia of Chemical Technology, Vol 15. Anthony Standen, ed. N.Y., Wiley,
1968, p. 720-789.
7. Directory of Chemical Producers - U.S.A. Chemical Information Services,
Menlo Park, California, Stanford Research Institute, 1976.
8. Fedor, Walter S. Plasticizers. The Competitive Struggle Grows Keener.
Chemical and Engineering News, 13 November 1961, p. 118.
9. Hahn, A. V., The Petrochemical Industry - Market and Economics, N.Y.,
McGraw-Hill, 1970, p. 620-
10. Hedley, W. H., et al. Potential Pollutants from Petrochemical Processes,
Final Report. Contract 68-02-0226, Task 9, MRC-DA-406. Dayton, Ohio,
Monsanto Research Corp. Dayton Lab., Dec. 1973, p. 51-5, 320, 323, 326.
11. In Plasticizers Future, Few Worries About Supply. Modern Plastics 1975
(April), 44.
12. Lundeen, Allan J. Alcohols. In: Chemical and Process Technology Ency-
clopedia. Douglas M. Considine, ed. N.Y., McGraw-Hill, 1974, p. 56.
13. McClelland, C. P. Alcohols, Mono and Polyhydric. In: Encyclopedia of
Polymer Science and Technology, Vol 1. H. F. Mark, ed. N.Y., Wiley, 1964.
14. Phthalate Effect on Health Still Not Clear. Chemical and Engineering
News, 50(38):14, Sept. 18, 1972.
15. Phthalate Plasticizers—Chisso Corp. Hydrocarbon Processing, 54:174,
November 1975.
16. Pratt, Christopher J. Phosphorus. In: Chemical and Process Technology
Encyclopedia. Douglas M. Considine, ed. N.Y., McGraw-Hill, 1974, p. 874.
11
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17. Reid, Emmet, Marvin L. Peterson and John W. Way. Esterification. In:
Unit Processes in Organic Synthesis, 5th Ed. Philip H. Groggins, ed.
N.Y., McGraw-Hill, 1958, p. 694-749.
18. Schiller, Arthur M. Acids and Derivatives, Aliphatic. In: Encyclopedia
of Polymer Science and Technology, Vol. 1. H. F. Mark, ed. N.Y., Wiley,
1964.
19. Stephens, James R. Acids and Derivatives, Aromatic. In: Encyclopedia
of Polymer Science and Technology, Vol 1. H. F. Mark, ed. N.Y., Wiley,
1964.
20. Sterba, Melvin J. Petrochemical Complex. In: Chemical and Process
Technology Encyclopedia. Douglas M. Considine, ed. N.Y., McGraw-Hill,
1974, p. 842.
21. U. S. Tariff Commission. Synthetic Organic Chemicals United States Pro-
duction and Sales, Plasticizers. 1965 TC Publication 206; 1966 TC Pub-
lication 248; 1967 Preliminary; 1968 Preliminary; 1969 Preliminary; 1970
TC Publication 479; 1971 TC Publication 614; 1972 TC Publication 681;
United States International Trade Commission, Synthetic Organic Chemicals,
United States Production and Sales, Plasticizers. 1973 ITC Publication
728; 1974 Preliminary.
22. Wickson, Edward J. and Herbert P. Dengler. Higher Alcohols Grow in '70's.
Hydrocarbon Processing, 51:69-75, November 1972.
12
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INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
There are some inconsistencies in reported production data. Plasti-
cizer production for 1974 was reported as 858 Gg by the U.S. International
Trade Commission and as 745 Gg by Modern Plastics magazine. These figures
contrast with a production capacity of 980 Gg/yr estimated by the Chemical
Economics Handbook. Demand for plasticizers was very strong in 1974, ex-
ceeding production. Part of the gap between reported production and capacity
figures can be attributed to raw materials shortages and normal plant down
time.
Other factors impact reported capacity and production values for
plasticizers. In many cases the distinction between plasticizers, extend-
ers, fire retardants, etc. is not clear. Different authors may define pri-
mary plasticizers in different ways. Second, chemicals which are used pri-
marily as plasticizers may have other uses, and some authors report only
production which is to be used as plasticizers. Third, much of the equip-
ment used to manufacture plasticizers can be used to make more than one
plasticizer, or even materials with entirely different use patterns. The
capacity of a given system can be expected to be different for each material
produced.
The production figures used in this report represent total production
of chemicals which are used mainly as primary plasticizers. Secondary
plasticizers or extenders such as mineral oil or chlorinated hydrocarbons
are not included.
Quantitative waste stream compositions reported in the process descrip-
tions are the results of measurements made for processes producing one
phthalate ester plasticizer and a typical phosphate ester plasticizer. These
compositions are specific for the plant and product investigated and are not
intended to represent raw waste loads for other processes. Specifically,
diethyl phthalate (DEP), a plasticizer not used in PVC, is produced by a
batch process in insignificant quantities. Since large scale production
of plasticizers used in PVC such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (OOP),
diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) generally in-
volves continuous rather than batch processing, the waste streams resulting
from the production of OOP, DIOP and DIDP can be expected to have little re-
lationship to the data found for DEP. No information was found regarding
waste stream composition associated with the production of epoxy-type
plasticizers.
Synthetic Plasticizer Processes
Esterification of dicarboxylic acids and fatty acids with monohydric
alcohols and the production of polyesters by esterification/polymerization
of dicarboxylic acids with glycols are chemically similar processes. They
are treated by Process Description No. 1. Esterification of phosphoric
acid (phosphorous oxychloride) requires special equipment and techniques
because of the corrosive nature of the reactants and products and is
treated in Process No. 2. Epoxidation is described in Process No. 3.
Figures 1,2 and 3 are flow sheets describing their respective processes.
Production of ester and epoxidized ester plasticizers is a relatively
simple industrial process and the flow sheets reflect this simplicity.
13
-------
CARBOXYLIC
ACID
1
ALCOHOL
COOLING WATER
STEAM
CATALYST
i
ESTERIFICATION OF
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
UBflgND
O GASEOUS EMISSIONS
g SOLID EMISSIONS
A LIQUID EMISSIONS
ARBOXYLi
ACID
LASTICIZE
EXCESS ALCOHOL
AND WATER
SPENT NEUTRALIZATION AND
WASHING SOLUTION!
SPENT SOLID ADSORBENT
Figure 1. PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR
ESTERIFICATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
14
-------
PLASTICIZER INDUSTRY
PROCESS NO. 1
Esterification of Carboxylic Acids
1. Function - In this process an acid or an acid anhydride combines with an
alcohol to produce an ester. Most plasticizers are synthesized in simple es-
terification reactions, which can be carried out in the liquid phase in heated
kettles with stirring and water take-off provisions. Many plants still produce
plasticizers by batch methods, but newer plants operate on a continuous basis.
Esterification catalysts such as sulfuric acid or p-toluene sulfonic acid are
removed in a washing step. The crude product is purified by distillation,
steam stripping, filtration, and treatment with activated clay or activated
charcoal.
Reactions of dicarboxylic acids (or anhydrides) may be typified those
of phthalic anhydride. The general reactons for their formation are shown
in equations (1-1) and (1-2) where R and R1 are alkyl groups.
ROH
R'OH
(1-1)
H20
Reaction of the anhydride (1-1) proceeds under much milder conditions
than does the esterification of the remaining carboxyl group (1-2). Often the
anhydride is reacted with an alcohol under relatively mild conditions to pro-
duce the monoester which is then transferred to another vessel for conversion
to the diester. If a diester with R and R1 the same is desired, the same
alcohol will be used in both reaction steps. If a mixed diester is desired,
remnants of the first alcohol will be removed from the monoester before reac-
tion of the second carboxylic acid group with a second alcohol. Usually an
excess of alcohol is used and the unreacted portion recycled. Water formed-
by the second esterification is removed from the system to drive the reaction
to completion.
The synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl tall ate proceeds according to the typical
esterification reaction shown in equation 1-3. The reaction may be catalyzed
by sulfuric acid or hydrogen chloride:
RCOOH + R'OH £ RCOOR1 + H20
(1-3)
The equilibrium reaction may be driven toward completion by several methods.
With alcohols of intermediate chain length (such as 2-ethylhexanol) which
are insoluble in water, stoichiometric quantities of the reactants are used
and the water is removed by azeotropic distillation. With short chain alcohols,
molar ratios of alcohol to fatty acid in the order of 10 or 20 to 1 are used.
At such high ratios the reaction equilibrium is shifted in accordance with the
law of mass action, giving yields of 95 percent or better.
15
-------
Polymeric plasticizers are linear polyesters produced by the polymeri-
zation/esterification of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid (usually adipic acid)
with either pure or mixed glycols, e.g.:
ROH
X HOOC-(CH2K-COOH
X|HOCH2-CHOH
CH3
0 0
ii it
•0-C-(CH2K-C-OCH2-CH-
CH3
OR1 (1-4)
R and R1 are monofunctional reactants which are introduced at a suitable
stage in the reaction to control the molecular weight and residual functional-
ity. Typically, the average molecular weight of these esters is about 2000,
but weights of from 800 to well over 6000 are produced for specialty applica-
tions.
2. Input Materials - The feed to the esterification unit will include an acid
(or acid anhydride), an alcohol, and a catalyst. The reaction vessel may be
sparged with an inert gas (C02 or N2) to suppress unwanted side reactions. In
some cases an inert solvent will be added. Besides phthalic anhydride, other
dibasic acids commonly used include adipic, sebacic, azelaic and fatty acids
such as oleic and stearic.
Esters most commonly used as plasticizers include those produced by com-
bining dicarboxylic acids with aliphatic alcohols containing one to thirteen
carbon atoms and polyesters from the combination of dicarboxylic acids with
polyhydric alcohols. The specific alcohol (or alcohols) and acid used to pre-
pare any given ester can be determined from the name of the ester. For exam-
ple, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is prepared by reacting two moles of 2-ethyl-
hexyl alcohol with each mole of phthalic acid (phthalic anhydride). One process
using a "non-acidic" catalyst is reported to require 66.9 kg 2-ethylhexanol and
38.2 kg phthalic anhydride per 100 kg of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (alternate
terminology: dioctylphthalate, OOP) product. High efficiency is claimed for
the process, so processes using other catalysts may require more input materials
for the same amount of product.
3. Operating Parameters - Temperatures ranging from 35 to 180°C have been
reported for esterification processes. In most cases, heat is required.
Temperatures of 150-160 C have been listed for the production of di(2-ethyl-
hexyl phthalate. Reported pressures range from atmospheric to 170 kPa. Batch
reaction times of 6 to 20 hours have been given.
Catalysts for esterification of carboxylic acids are acids (Lewis acids,
species having an electron deficit in the outer shell, may be used). Sulfuric
acid and toluenesulfonic acid are the catalysts most often used. Acidic ca-
tion exchange resins may be used as catalysts, particularly in large-scale
continuous processes.
4. Utilities - One process for the preparation of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
lists a requirement of 75 kg steam per kg of product. It is not clear whether
this value is representative of other processes. Electricity will be required
for pumping and stirring and cooling water will be needed; no quantitative in-
formation was available in the references consulted.
16
-------
5. Waste Streams - Atmospheric emissions consist primarily of fugitive emissions
from processing equipment and evaporation of volatile components from liquid
wastes. In general, the most volatile compounds associated with plasticizer
esters prepared from carboxylic acids and alcohols are the alcohols used as raw
materials. Unreacted alcohols are present in process streams and wastewater.
Wastewater comes from distillation of crude products, from condensate from
steam stripping, from catalyst neutralization and crude product washing operations,
and from filter backwash. Some equipment is used for the production of more
than one ester. Equipment washdown which is required when changing from produc-
tion of one ester to another generates wastewater. The wash water contains
dilute caustic (from catalyst neutralization), sulfates (assuming sulfuric
acid catalyst), unreacted alcohol, monoester, and relatively small amounts
of other organic contaminants.
Table
phthalate.
6 lists pollutants in wastewater from a facility producing diethyl
6. EPA Source Classification Code: None exists.
7. References -
(1) Anon. Adipic Acid and Its Derivatives. E. I. DuPont de Nemours
& Company, Wilmington, Delaware, 1957.
(2) Environmental Protection Agency. Development Document for Interim
Final Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New Source Performance
Standards for the Significant Organic Products Segment of the Organic
Chemical Manufacturing Point Source Category. EPA-440/1-75/045,
Group I Phase II. September 1975, p. 217, 273-4.
(3) Fedor, Walter S. Plasticizers. The Competitive Struggle Grows
Keener. Chemical & Engineering News, 13 November 1961, 118.
(4) Mark, H. F. and N. G. Gaylord, eds. Encyclopedia of Polymer Science
and Technology. Vol 1. N.Y., Wiley, 1964.
(5) Phthalate Plasticizer--Chisso Corp. Hydrocarbon Processing, 54;174,
November 1975.
(6) Reid, Emmet, Marvin L. Peterson and John W. Way. Esterification.
In: Unit Processes in Organic Synthesis, 5th Ed. Philip H. Groggins,
ed. N.Y., McGraw-Hill, 1958, p. 694-749.
(7) Shreve, R. N. Chemical Process Industries, 3rd E. N.Y., McGraw-
Hill, 1967.
17
-------
Table 6. RAW WASTE CONCENTRATIONS AND LOADS FOR FACILITY PRODUCING
DIETHYL PHTHALATE13
Contaminant
8005
COD
TOC
Phenol
NH3 - Nitrogen
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
Cyanide
Sulfate
Oil
Total Phosphorous
Zn
Cu
Fe
Total Cr
Cd
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Chloride
Concentration3
(mg/ liter)
82,600
127,000
51 ,200
.01
1.1
3.9
.04
2,030
12,500
3.29
3.95
97.9
4.49
.076
.151
101
94,800
160
Load0
(kg/1000 kg product)
53.9
82.6
33.4
.00001
.00073
.00258
.00003
1.33
8.17
.00215
.00258
.0640
.00293
.00005
.0001
.0661
61.9
.104
Process flow of 653 liters per 1000 kg product was reported.
Raw waste concentrations are based on unit weight of pollutant per unit
volume of process waste waters.
^
Raw waste loadings are based on unit weight of pollutant per 1000 unit
weights of product.
Source: Environmental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division. Devel-
opment Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations and New Source
Performance Standards for the Significant Organic Products Segment of
the Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category. EPA-440/1-
75/045. Washington, D.C., Sept. 1975.
18
-------
POCi,
ALKYL
OR ARYL
ALCOHOL
COOLING WATER
STEAM
CATALYST
A
PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHATE
ESTERS BY ESTERIFICATION
L6QENO
QQASEOU3 EMISSIONS
O SOLID EMISSIONS
& LIQUID EMISSIONS
PHOSPHATE
PLASTICIZER
-HCI
SPENT NEUTRALIZATION
AND WASHING SOLUTIONS
SPENT SOLID ADSORBENT
Figure 2. PROCESS FLOW SHEET
FOR PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHATE ESTERS
19
-------
PLASTICIZER INDUSTRY PROCESS NO. 2
Production of Phosphate Esters by Esterification
1. Function - Phosphate plasticizers are prepared by condensation of POC13
(phosphorous oxychloride) with an alcohol or a mixture of alcohols. Cresols,
phenols or xylenols are most commonly used. Mixed alkyl-aryl esters may be
prepared by successive reaction with appropriate alcohols. The reaction for
cresols may be written:
3m-, p-CsMCHsJOH + POC13 —* [C6MCH3)0]3 PO + 3HC1 (2-1)
The production of HC1 causes some processing problems. Hydrogen chloride
can be removed by a current of air or neutralized by the addition of alkali.
Glass-lined or alloy kettles are used because the reaction mixture is highly
corrosive. The process may employ a distillation column for preliminary pur-
ification of the alcohol feed, a reactor, an ester refining column (for wash-
ing), a stripping column, and a filter. Steam ejector jets and barometric
condensers may be employed for providing reduced pressures.
Although variations may exist in the sequence of operations and the amount
of purification required for different applications, standard purification
techniques are used. Preliminary purification typically involves direct
flash distillation of the crude reaction mixture and washing with dilute
caustic. The dilute caustic neutralizes residual HC1, hydrolyzes and ex-
tracts traces of partial esten"fication products, and extracts unreacted
cresylic compounds. Addition of lime to the crude reaction mixture before
distillation has been reported as a means of reducing corrosion. Final
purification of plasticizer-grade products employs further washing with di-
lute caustic and water, steam stripping, treatment with dilute permanganate
solution, dehydration by heating under reduced pressure, bleaching with
activated carbon and filtration. The use of an amphoteric metal in conjunc-
tion with an alkaline wash has been reported to improve the color of the
product.
2. Input Materials - The most common phosphate ester used as a plasticizer
is tricresyl phosphate. Phosphorous oxychloride (POC13) and a mixture of
m- and p-cresols, which may contain as much as 30 to 40 percent xylenols,
are input materials for plasticizer-grade tricresylphosphate. The ortho
form of tricresyl phosphate is considerably more toxic than esters derived
from other isomers. Therefore, the o-cresol content of the cresol feed is
usually less than three percent.
3. Operating Parameters - Condensation of cresols and phosphorous oxychlor-
ide is carried out at elevated temperatures. Depending on the catalyst
used, temperatures range from 150 to 300°C. A slight excess of cresol fa-
vors complete esterification. Condensation times of 6 to 9 hours at 200°C
are typical when metal halide catalysts such as MgCl2 are used. Condensation
may be carried out under moderate pressure to minimize loss of phosphorous
oxychloride in the HC1 off-gas; otherwise, each process step is carried out
under reduced pressure.
20
-------
4. Utilities - No information was found in the literature consulted for this
study. Steam, cooling water and process heaters will be required.
5. Waste Streams - Emissions of cresols (and/or other aromatic alcohols) to
the atmosphere can be expected from barometric condensers.
Waste water comes from barometric condensers, from HC1 scrubbers and from
preliminary and final purification steps. Caustic washing produces waste
water containing dilute caustic, unreacted phenols and partial esters. Waste
water from final purification contains additives washed from the product such
as permanganate or permanganate reduction products. Table 7 lists pollutants
from one facility producing tricresylphosphate.
The major solid waste from the production of phosphate esters is spent
activated carbon from the final purification step.
6. EPA Source Classification Code - None exists.
7. References -
(1) Billmeyer, Fred W., Jr. Textbook of Polymer Science, 2nd Ed.
N. Y., Wiley, 1971.
(2) Environmental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division.
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations and
New Source Performance Standards for the Significant Organic Products
Segment of the Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
EPA-440/1-75/045. Washington, D. C., Sept. 1975, p. 217, 273-4.
(3) Pratt, Christopher J. PHOSPHORUS. In: Chemical and Process
Technology Encyclopedia. Douglas M. Considine, ed. N.Y., McGraw-
Hill, 1974, p. 874.
(4) Reid, Emmet, Marvin L. Peterson and John W. Way. Esterification.
In: Unit Processes in Organic Synthesis, 5th Ed. Philip H. Groggins,
ed. N.Y., McGraw-Hill, 1958, p. 694-749.
(5) Van Wazer, John R. Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates. In: Kirk-
Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol 15. Anthony
Standen, ed. N.Y., Wiley, 1968, p. 324-6.
21
-------
Table 7. RAM WASTE CONCENTRATIONS AND LOADS FOR FACILITY PRODUCING
TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE a
Contaminant
BOD
COD
TOC
Phenol
NH3-N
Total Kjeldahl N
Sulfate
Oil
Total Phosphorous
Zn
Cu
Fe
Total Cr
Cd
Total Suspended Solids
Total Dissolved Solids
Chloride
Concentration
(mg/ liter)
40.
408.
70.
10.8
3.65
11.8
54.
10.5
1.19
.327
.07
1.31
.041
.041
4.
615.
2,560.
Loadc
kg/1000 kg product
1.12
11.4
1.96
.304
.102
.344
1.513
.297
.0335
.0914
.00197
.0366
.00115
.00115
.110
17.2
71.5
aProcess flow of 28 m3 per 1000 kilograms product was reported. These data
are for a plant using steam ejectors and barometric condensers for each process
step.
bRaw waste concentrations are based on unit weight of pollutant per unit
volume of process waste waters.
£
Raw waste loadings are based on unit weight of pollutant per 1000 unit
weights of product.
Source: Environmental Protection Agency, Effluent Guidelines Division.
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations and
New Source Performance Standards for the Significant Organic Products
Segment of the Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
EPA-440/1-75/045. Washington, D. C., Sept. 1975, p. 217, 273-4.
22
-------
UNSATURATED
ESTER
+
ACETIC ACID
COOLING WATER
STEAM
i
[H202]
CATALYST
EXPOXIDATION
LEGEND
O GASEOUS EMISSIONS
D SOLID EMISSIONS
A LIQUID EMISSIONS
EXPOXIDIZED
ESTER
PLASTICIZER
SOLVENT
CATALYST
TO DISPOSAL
OR RECYCLE
WASTEWATER
.TO TREATMENT
AND DISPOSAL
FIGURE 3. PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR PRODUCTION
OF EPOXIDIZED ESTERS
23
-------
PLASTICIZER INDUSTRY
PROCESS NO. 3
Epoxidation
1. Function - Epoxidation is defined as the reaction in which double bonds
in unsaturated (olefinic) esters are converted to cyclic three-membered
ethers by an active oxygen agent, as in equation 3-1.
H H
i i
R - C - C - R'
H H
R- C-C-R'
(3-1)
Hydrogen peroxide is the principal oxygen source for this conversion but it
must be transformed into a more active form for effective use in commercial
epoxidation. Most production systems involve the preparation of peroxyacetic
acid (Equation 3-2) which is then thought to interact with this double bond
according to Equation 3-3.
22
(3-2)
H H
i i
R-C = C-R'
°;°SH
c=o
CH3
H
R-C
C-R'
H H
i i
R- C-C-R'
O
\\ /
c-o
CH
H
(3-3)
Where possible, epoxidation reactions are carried out with peroxyacetic acid
formed in situ. A one step reaction is employed in which the peroxyacetic
acid is formed and used in the presence of the material to be epoxidized.
The hydrogen peroxide is charged to the reaction vessel or the unsaturated
ester, a catalyst, and glacial acetic acid. Reaction conditions must be
controlled to minimize subsequent opening of the epoxy ring and formation
of unwanted by-products.
In the widely used Archer-Daniels-Midland process, epoxy ring opening by
the sulfuric acid catalyst is retarded because the system is heterogeneous,
consisting of an oil phase and an aqueous phase containing the hydrogen per-
oxide and acetic acid. In another process based on sulfuric acid catalyses
(FMC Corporation) an inert solvent such as benzene or hexane is used to re-
duce the effect of sulfuric acid in catalyzing epoxy ring opening. Epoxida-
tion may be catalyzed also by the addition of poly(styrenesulfonic acid) resin.
24
-------
Resin catalyzed systems are characterized by high epoxy yields, little by-
product formation, nearly complete elimination of olefinic structure, low
reaction temperatures and short reaction times. Because of the relative
expense of the resin catalyst, conservation measures are mandatory. These
involve either recycle of the resin or the use of minimal quantities of
resin with corresponding increases in reaction temperature and time.
Batch production methods are used for epoxidation reactions, but con-
siderable work on development of continuous production systems has been
completed. Such methods have been found to offer promise and might be
adopted if demand for epoxidized products continues to grow.
In the FMC process described above, the reaction is carried out in a
stainless steel reaction vessel fitted with an agitator, cooling coils,
reflux condenser, vent, rupture disc, sample line, direct and recording
thermometers, feed lines and a manhole. The vessel is equipped with a system
for automatically flooding the reaction with water in emergencies.
The Archer-Daniels-Midland system is apparently a two-step epoxidation
process in which fresh unsaturated ester is partially epoxidized by con-
tinuous agitation with a semi-spent acid containing 1 to 2 percent sulfuric
acid, 25 to 30 percent acetic acid and 5 to 6 percent unused active oxygen.
The partially epoxidized ester is then separated from the aqueous (acid)
phase and reacted with a fresh acid (hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid with
sulfuric acid as a catalyst) to complete its epoxidation. The acid from
this final epoxidation is then used to partially epoxidize fresh unsaturated
ester as described above.
2. Input Materials - The unsaturated ester may be a natural oil such as
soybean oil or linseed oil or it may be one of a number of synthetics such
as the n-butyl or 2-ethylhexyl esters of tall oil acid or oleic acid.
Peroxyacetic acid may be preformed and added in a solvent or it may be formed
in situ from hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid in the presence of a catalyst
and the unsaturated ester. Table 8 lists quantities of input materials for
sulfuric acid catalyzed batch epoxidation of soybean oil by the FMC process.
TABLE 8. INPUT MATERIALS FOR BATCH EPOXIDATION
OF SOYBEAN OIL (FMC PROCESS)
Quantity
Material (kg) (Ibs)
Soybean Oil 907 2,000
Hexane 181 400
Acetic Acid (glacial) 145 320
Sulfuric Acid (50%) 361 796
Hydrogen Peroxide (50%) 347 765
Source:Wallace, John G.Epoxidation. InrKirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of
Chemical Technology, Vol. 8. Anthony Standen, ed., New York,
Wiley, 1968, p. 254.
25
-------
In processes using poly(styrenesulfonic acid) resin as a catalyst,
almost complete epoxidation occurs when relatively large amounts of the
resin are used. In a typical reaction, a quantity of fatty oil or ester
containing 1.0 mole of unsaturation is mixed with 0.55 moles of glacial
acetic acid and 12 percent dry resin based on the weight of epoxidizable
material. Hydrogen peroxide (1.1 moles) is added slowly to facilitate con-
trol of the reaction temperature. After the reaction has reached completion
the liquid is decanted or filtered, leaving the resin catalyst in the reactor
for succeeding runs.
Specific data relating to reaction efficiency of the various methods
for epoxidation of unsaturated esters were not found in the sources con-
sulted for this study. A typical materials list for the epoxidation of
soybean oil (iodine value of 130) using the repeated resin process is
shown in Table 9.
TABLE 9. INPUT MATERIALS FOR RESIN CATALYZED EPOXIDATION
OF SOYBEAN OIL
Amount Used
Material (mg/kg final product)
Soybean Oil 935
Hydrogen Peroxide (70%) 252
Acetic Acid (glacial) 95
Resin 10
Source: Wallace, John G. Epoxidation. In:Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of
Chemical Technology, Vol. 8. Anthony Standed, ed. New York,
Wiley, 1968, p. 258.
3. Operating Parameters - The FMC process for epoxidation of soybean oil
employs a stainless steel reaction vessel with a capacity of 2.27 m3 (600 gal)
Common (18-8) stainless steel such as types 304 and 316 are satisfactory
for both peroxyacetic acid formation and epoxidation reactions, with type
316 preferred. Welds in reactors and tanks are avoided as much as possible
since the welds contribute to decomposition of active oxygen and may be
subject to corrosion. Storage tanks for hydrogen peroxide are constructed
of high-purity (99.6%) aluminum. All equipment must be thoroughly cleaned
to remove any foreign materials which would decompose active oxygen. The
stainless steel surfaces are passivated with nitric acid or glacial acetic
acid containing small amounts of hydrogen peroxide. Continued use tends
to improve the passive condition of the equipment surfaces.
Reaction times and temperatures vary according to the particular method
used for epoxidation as shown in Table 10.
26
-------
TABLE 10. OPERATING PARAMETERS FOR SEVERAL EPOXIDATION PROCESSES
Process Addition Reaction Reaction Batch
Name Catalyst Temperature Temp. Time Size
Archer-Daniels- Sulfuric Acid 50°-60° 50°-60° 13 hr. N.A.
Midland
FMC
Repeated
Res i n
Mimimal
Resin
Sulfuric Acid
Poly(styrenesulfonic
acid)
Poly(styrenesulfonic
acid)
50°-60°
<60°
N.A.
60°-65° -a
60° 4 hr.
75°-80° 7-8 hr.
907 kg
N.A.
N.A.
Reaction is continued until hydrogen peroxide has been consumed.
N.A.-indicates data is not available.
Source: Wallace, John G. Epoxidation. InrKirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of
Chemical Technology, Vol. 8. Anthony Standen, ed., New York,
Wiley, 1968.
4. Utilities - No quantitative information was found on utility requirements.
Electricity is required for pumping and agitation. Most process configura-
tions require steam for initial heating and cooling water for temperature
control during the reaction.
5. Waste Streams - No information was available on the amount or composition
of waste streams. Fugitive emissions of acetic acid vapors can be expected.
In processes using sulfuric acid catalyst, spent process water will contain
high concentrations of sulfates, be saturated with epoxidized oil product and
contain materials added to destroy peroxides. In processes using ion-exchange
resins the spent process water will have a lower sulfate content but will
contain resin degradation products. Additional waste water comes from oper-
ations which wash the product. These waters will contain the same materials
as spent process liquors but in lower concentrations in most cases. Spent
resin used as catalyst is a solid waste.
6. EPA Source Classification Code - None Exists.
27
-------
7. References -
Darby, J. R. and J. K. Sears. Plasticizers. In: Kirk-Othmer
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol 15. Anthony Standen,
ed. N.Y., Wiley, 1968, p. 720-789.
Jones, Robert W. and K. T. Chandy. Synthetic Plastics. In: Riegel's
Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, 7th Ed. James A. Kent, ed. N.Y.,
Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1974, p. 292.
McBroom, John W. Stabilizers (PVC). In: Chemical and Process
Technology Encyclopedia. Douglas M. Considine, ed. N.Y., McGraw-
Hill, 1974, p. 1058.
Reents, Curtin A. Ion Exclusion. In: Chemical and Process Technol-
ogy Encyclopedia. Douglas M. Considine, ed. N.Y., McGraw-Hill,
1974, p. 622.
Sheppard, C. S. Peroxides, Organic. In: Chemical and Process
Technology Encyclopedia. Douglas M. Considine, ed. N.Y., McGraw-
Hill, 1974, p. 838.
Wallace, John G. Epoxidation. In: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of
Chemical Technology, Vol 8. Anthony Standen, ed. N.Y., Wiley, 1968,
p. 238-263.
28
-------
APPENDIX A
RAW MATERIALS
29
-------
Table A-l. CARBOXYL1C ACIDS
abietic acid
acetic acid (anhydride)
acetoystearic acid
acetyl citric acid
acetylricinoleic acid
adipic acid
azelaic acid
benzoic acid
butyric acid
capric acid
caprylic acid
citric acid
2-ethylbutyric acid
2-ethylhexoic acid
fumaric acid
hydrogenated abietic acid
p-hydroxybenzoic acid
isobutyric acid
isobutyric acid anhydride
isophthalic acid
1 auric acid
maleic acid
myristic acid
oleic acid
palmitic acid
pelargonic acid
pentachlorostearic acid
phthalic acid (anhydride)
ricinoleic acid
sebacic acid
stearic acid
succinic acid
tall oil acids
tartan"c acid
triacetoxystearic acid
triacetylricinoleic acid
30
-------
Table A-2. ALCOHOLS USED WITH CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
amyl alcohol
benzyl alcohol
butyl alcohol
n-butyl alcohol
butoxyethoxyethyl alcohol
butoxyethyl alcohol
2-butoxyethyl alcohol
capryl alcohol
cyclohexyl alcohol
decyl alcohol
n-decyl alcohol
diethylene glycol
diethylene glycol monoethyl ether
dipropylene glycol
ethoxyethoxyethyl alcohol
ethoxyethyl alcohol
ethyl alcohol
ethylene glycol
ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
2-ethylhexyl alcohol
glycerol
heptyl alcohol
n-heptyl alcohol
hexyl alcohol
n-hexyl alcohol
hydroabietyl alcohol
isobutyl alcohol
isodecyl alcohol
isoheptyl alcohol
isohexyl alcohol
isononyl alcohol
iso-octyl alcohol
isopropyl alcohol
isotridecyl alcohol
linear C7-C9 alcohol
methoxyethyl alcohol
methoxyl-ethyl alcohol
methyl alcohol
methyl cyclohexyl alcohol
neopentyl glycol
nonyl alcohol
n-nonyl alcohol
octyl alcohol
n-octyl alcohol
pentaerylthritol
phenol
polyethylene glycol
propyl alcohol
n-propyl alcohol
propylene glycol
1, 2-propylene glycol
tetraethylene glycol
tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
tridecyl alcohol
triethylene glycol
trimethylolethane
t,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol
sucrose
undecyl alcohol
31
-------
Table A-3. ALCOHOLS USED WITH POC13 TO MAKE PHOSPHATE ESTERS
butoxyethyl alcohol
butyl alcohol
chloroethyl alcohol
2-chloroethyl alcohol
cresol
dichloropropyl alcohol
dimethyl phenol
ethyl alcohol
2-ethylhexyl alcohol
isopropyl phenol
octyl alcohol
phenol
xylenol
32
-------
APPENDIX B
PRODUCTS
33
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST
Plasticizers
chart
Nam**
aelacic uld derivative*
Hydraebietyl etoohoi IM>
Methyl abjKatXMl
Hydroeenatad methyl abMUt* (M)
eUtpIC MM nf IWllVM
buyloctyladipetKM)
Butyl cubital adipete
Dimethyl adipeta(M>
DttutyledipateOO
Di-i»otaityl«ijpat»(M>
Di-O-ethylheivl) e4ip«te (Ml
Di-<2-«Jiylh«iyI> edipate (Pi
Di-O-ethrllmyU adipate (Ml
Di-42-ethylhexyl) edipate < M>
DI-<2-ethylhaiy<> edipete
DiHKtyladipet«
Di-uooooy! adipeu
Di-Uooonyl edipate (M)
Di-ie<»ctyIedipet>(M)
Dfecayl adipate (M)
Ci- "linear adipate (M)
M-capryl adipate (M)
OetyldecvladipatelM)
(Mctyl. »-deeyl edipete)
Straiiht chain akahol edipata
Straifht chun alcohol adipate (M)
ni-decyl adipata (M)
(Di-iMderyl adipate}
Dimethuyethyl adipata Ml
Duthnrcthyl edipete |M>
Dibutoxyethyl adipat* »M)
Dibutoiy.thory ethyl adipata (M)
High molecular weight adipate (Pi
High molecular weight adipate ' P>
High molecular weight adipete (Pt
Low temperature- plasucuer
Polypropylene adipate (P»
Modified polypropylene adipate IP)
Modified polypropylene adipate IP)
Modified polypropylene adipate
Dl-Iinear alkyl adipau
anfaic acid derivatim
Dicycloheiyl azelate
Dl-2-ethylheiyl azelate (Ml
Di-n-ltexyl uelauuM)
Low temperature pU-itiacer [Ml
Di-iaooctyl ajelateiMt
Sp. Gr.«
at
25'C.
1006
1.01
1.02
0.998
1.02
1.050
0.961
0940'
0.9268"
0.926""
0.924-0.930"
0.924-0.928"
0.927*
0.921-
0.924*
0.924*
0.924'
0.926V
0.922
0.915-0.9168"
0.919
0.914
0.9I5-OJB4
0.924@23"C.
0.916(8 23'C.
0.917-
0-922"
1.075
1.036
0.997"
1.025
1.08-1.09*
1.11-1.12*
1.10-1. 11*
0917
1.15
1.10
1.10
1.05
0.91.1-0.919
1.0096*
0.917
0 93-0 977"
0.917*
0.918-
0.920"
R.I.
at
25=C.
1.521"
1.53"
1.52"
1.479
-
1«26
1.434
1.4293
1.446.
1.447
1.446-1.447*
1.446-1.449*
1.447-1.448"
1.448*
1446-
1.449"
1.450"
1.450"
1.449
1.445
1.445
1.444
1.4390
1.447-
1.451
1.447^23'C.
1.447fa23-C.
1.4495-
1.4510
1.439
1.439
1.442
1.447
1.472-1.473"
1.472-1.473"
1.469-1.470"
-
1.469
~
1.465
1452
1.443-1.449
1 4698
1.446
1.444
1.446
1.44H-
1.450
F.P.,
"C.
185
ISO
182
200-220
-
140
116
160
192406
206
162-192
-
377'F.
200
225
225
210
195
202-232
205
224
200-295
232
235
219
-
-
188
166
300
300
200
230
-
-
~
-
-
230
227
205
213
213219
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0.68
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12-16*
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~
12.8(2 25'C.
-
16
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15
2000-3000*
2000-3000*
1000-1300*
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200-800
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(CU-wtwUid Op*-" cup'; V I* - vnpor pmMuiv; H K - hoiii
ivfmrtivo indrx; F P.
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eellulMt Ort-t-t,. t All - or-Hnlo... .cvUt,- bulvr.i..; i_'N = ovllulo.- mtmtr. KC = «thyl «-lluU»-- I'M =
poiynvthyl mrttMCTrU..*; 1*S - polv-tvn-iw. VA - polvvmyl -w-u-w. VB * po.>vitwl buiymi VC *
»inyl chJond*; «nd \ t'A - vinyl chlon>t« >KVUU<.
'Code for nimptttibilityC - t-nrnpnlihl*. P ' partully mmpnliblr. 1 - incompMtiblf
'NumtHTi n-fcr in nutnu.Hrturcrii «m) siipplii'm lmtt->l on pngv MIS Sc# t-nti at fhurl. putfi- TH.S. for lint of
tr»iii- n»mt>* mid lii-ttkpintuinH iti siniplifrs
•VM- iiH.K'HU-H nHtrumifnr: '.*• irvliCHbt* [wlynn-nc 'Mi-Hnnrx-nH-nt niailv .*C JOT 'Kn^vinn point.
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TUprintad fro« th« Qccober 1974 issua of Modern Plastics
EncyclopedU. Copyright 1974 by McGraw-Hill Inc. 1221 Avt
of Ch« Amtrlc». New York, N.Y. 10020. All righca r«s«rv*d.
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
Plasticizers
chart
(Conl-d)
Nimt-
AMIXIC Kri daiivMim (Coflt'dl
UilMobtityl awl.!*
•onzoic acid vomttrm
2-ethylhvByl-p-hydroKy-brnxoat.
Dielhylene tfl.vra4 dlbeiuoele
Uipropylenv Rtycol dibeiuMtr iM 1
Diethylenr irlvcol henxoat* end
diprapylene g-lvrol b*nnMI« blend IMI
Tnethyleiw «lya>l dibenzoate (M>
PolyethyK-n* glyrol 12001 dibenxoate (M>
Polyethylene clyrol («»i dibeiuaau (M)
Beiuaphcnone
2.^.4-tnropthvl-t J-pentAnadiol
uobutyret* teiaou (Ml
Neopentyl ulycol dibeaxoeu (Ml
Glyoefyl mbenxoete (M)
Tnmethylolethanc tnbenzaal. iM)
I'enlaerylthntol letrebenzoateHMi
MTPnenyi dtrnttivM
Hydrogenated terphenyl (Ml
Cntic Kid tjenvxlrrts
TViethyt acrata
Tncyetohexyl citrate
Tn-ft-butyl citrate (M)
Acetyl methyl citrate
Acetyl tn-n-butyl citrate
Aeet.1 m-n-butyl citnte
Epon derwetnw
Alkyl epoxy stearat* (M)
Alky! epoxy ateareu (Ml
Bytyl epoxy ateareta (Ml
Butyl epoxy atearate (M)
Epoxy-type plaaucuariM)
Epoxy-type pluncuer ( M)
Epoxy-type plaeucuwr
Epoxy-type plaeticiaer
Epoxy-type plaaueixer
Epoxy-type piaeucuer
Epoxy-type plutaozer IP)
Epoxy type plaanoxer tallate (M)
Epoxy-type piasticucr IM)
Epoxy-type plaauelxer (M)
Epoxy-type plaaDcuer (P)
5 poxy-type plaetKixer (M)
Epoxy-type plaaucuer (P)
Epoxy-type plaeucuer (M)
Epoxy-type pluuclzer ( P»
Epoxy-type pluucuer(M)
Epoxy-type plaiitlcixer (Ml
Epoxidized ortyl tallete (Ml
Epoxy-type plaaticuer (M I
Epoxy-type ple»ucixer
Epoxy-type pluuour
Epoxy-type plaaticizer
Epoxy-type plasuclxer
Epoxy-type planUcuer
Epoxy'type plaaueuer
Alkyl epoxy Meal-ate (M)
Kpoxidizdd butyl eater
Epoxidized octyl ullata ' M I
Epoxidizod octyl tailate (M 1
Epoxidued uoy been oil (M)
Epoxidlted eoy bean oil (M)
Epoxidized ung-lyoende
Epoxy My bean oil (M)
Epoudixed w>y bean oil (M)
Sp. Gn-
at
25° C.
0932
\. 995
0.993-0.99B
0993-0.998
0.927
0.945
0 920 ±003
0.922
0.993
0.932
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0.89H
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0.9867'
0.099
0.963
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0.993
1020
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0.9966'
R.I.
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1.4351
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1.5424
1.5449*
15282
1 5300*
1535
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1.4984
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14848
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1.4386«i23*
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1.444*
1.455"
1.460*
1.450
1.452
1.451
1.468
1.457
-
1.472
1.471
1.4580
1.4580
1.452
1 4583
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1.472
1.472
1.471
1.471
1.458
1.460
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1.471
1.454
1.458
1.450
1.448
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1.4537
1.459
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P.P.,
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179
232
212
213
237
248
264
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193
424
490
530
600
174
155
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204
204
220
210
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290
232
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310
310
265
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310
310
310
316
310
224
296
235
216
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320
310
320
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501
1148
31
31
748
103
101
103
103
345.63*
91
950
950
950
345
950
345
950
950
950
474
748
1070
1070
1070
1070
1070
1117
91.639
1054
1054,1116
1111
103.371.485.
1116
501
677. 1064
31
493.69],
1117
•Code fur column h-udintpi: Sp. Or • npeafic frrnvity. HI " nfrattivm indei; F P. * fl.wh point
'rifv..|m>d open cupi: V ]' vapor pnBwure; BR - hailmn ramp; M.P •* wltmg [joint; CA -
a*JEtilc».efu."l.*'>: CAD * crlluJ'^wtievOitP butyrat«: CN - o-llul-j.*- n«« 785./or lutof
tfmli- niunfn ami iloiitfntiUonH mrdcou-H mttnnnvne', (P* indicnbM poiynvtric *M«»uiur«Ti>*nt trMd« at 20*C, 'fntxiring point.
it iruMlW at '20 C in 60% w*tar *HM cloned cup. T[>-*n>n.pa-M»i. •Hour point.
"Hxiprlnctd team ch« Oceobir 1976 Uiu* of Modem PUscLcs
Encyclopedia. Copyright 1974 by McCrttw-HiU Inc.. '.221 A
of ch« Affl«rlc«». H«u York, M.Y, 10020. All righcs reserv
35
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
Plasticizers
uiicm
(Corfu)
Name'
fjeav tfwtatfm (Cont'd)
EpoxidiaedeayboaaauClO
Epoxidued 107 bean oil (Pr
Enuxidued eoy bran oil (M)
Epoxldized aoy bean oil (M)
Epoxidued aoy bean oil IP)
Epexidixed sunflower oil (I1)
Epoxy-type plaatiazer (M)
Epoxidued soy bran oil iMI
Epoxidised Unseed oiKPl
EpoxiduedtaJlateeiteriM)
Cpoxiduad tallate eater
Epoxidized tallate ester (Ml
2-athylhaxyl-epoxy tallate < M>
Epoxy aster
Octyl epoxy stearata |M>
Oetyl apoxy staarata (M>
ftoarietvy ester*
MoDomahe eatara fM)
Proprietary eater
Proprietary eater (P)
Proprietary eater (Ml
Proprietary eater (P)
Proprietary eater (M)
Mixed ester
BtwBemallvei
Bis p-42-etbylhexoace>
Triethylene glycol dicaprylata (M)
Tetraetbylene glyeol djeaprylate
Polyethylene glyeol
di-(2-ethrUie-1 127
R.I.
at
25'C.
1.4720
1.4720
1.4720
1.4710
1.4720
1.4710
1.471
1.4710
1.4710
1.4570
-
-
1.4581*
1.456
1.454
1.458
1.489
1.4614
1.4427
1.4S2
1.452
1.425
1.489
-
1450
1.460
-
1.444
-
1.544
1.449"
1.4335
-
1429
1.4359"
1.450
1.416
1.444
1.448-
1.437
1.4404*
14455
1.444"
1.453
-
14470"
1.459-1.45911
-
F.P.,
°C.
310
310
307
310
-
-
312
315
320
307
230
-
235'
246
-
-
275
285
305
218
218
-
205
168
-
-
-
138
182
193
298-F.
14S
146
152
180
-
92'
210
210
-
196
185
207
205
210
201
J71
calBO
V.P.,
mm. Kg.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.31S200-C.
0.01"
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
OJSIOO-C.
-
-
-
<0.01"
-
-
-
-
-
-
twwxrc.
1.9
I
1
P
P
P
P
[
1
V
P
1
P
1
I
c
-
I
I
'
c
c
c
c
c
P
-
c
1
-
c
DO
>>
1
-
-
I
V
-
^
I
c
-
-
-
-
c
'
-
-
-
c
c
c
c~
P
c
1
u
>
**
*"
L
'-
V
*-
u
c
<••
c
2
c
I
I
c
"
-
I
-
c
c
c
c"
c
c
c
c
«c
u
>
c
L
<-
•-
V
t-
c
-
c
c
2
c
I
I
3
I
1
I
I
-
-
-
c
c
c
c"
c
c
c
c
Manu-
facturers
and
suppliers'
371.639
1074
91.474
103
ion
1148
1148
748
1111
91.103.639.
1054
103
91.639. 1074
103
693,1117
693
31
1148
»50
103
103
till
577
493.812A
1074
330
129
129.427
493. 639.
1088
519,639.738.
839.917.
1107
1111
839.961.
1107
839.961.
1107.1111
639.1107
94.485.
812A
94.485
94. 129. 146
228. 346. 485
719.733.
1117.1192
346
129
31. 346.
1107. 1117
354.485.961
354.485.961
146.22H. 719.
1107. Ut7
1117
94, 103. 132.
4H5. 493.
812A.981
1117
94.493.
812A.961
486
1117
129. 232. 330,
427. ,W5. 6U3.
794. 1117
232
•Coda lor column heading: Sp. Cr. - uptcinc iravity: HI. - refractive index; F P. - Huh point
(Cleveland open mp>: V.P. • vapor pressure: B.R. * boiling range: M.P * melting point: CA «
eeUukae aevute: CAB - celluloae aoetate butyrate: CN - cellulose nitrate: EC =* ethyl cellulose: PM =
polymethyl methaerylate: PS * polystyrene; VA > polyvinyl aoetate; VB * polyvuiyl butyral; VC ~
vinyl chlonda; and VCA * vinyl chloride * '
'Coda for compatibility: C • compatible, P - partially compatible. I . incompatible.
Numbers refer u manufacturers and supplier! listed on page 815. See end of chart, page 785. for list of
trade names and designations of suppliers.
"Ml indicates monomeric; iP) indicate! polymeric. -Measurement made at 20'C 'Pour po.nl
"lepilnced from Che October 1974 laaua of Modem PUattcs
IncyelopailU. Copyright 1974 by HcCra»-Hlll Inc.. 1221 Ava.
of the Anrlcas. Mew York. H.Y. 10020. All rights reserved.'
36
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
Plasticizers
chart
(Cont'd)
Nam0>
Glycol den»jtwM (Cont \n
Polyrihylvn* glycol ilQO iPl
Po!>t>thylcn*«iycoi:iOO
Poiy«hyl*ne glycol 400 (PI
Polyethylene glycol 400
Polyethylene glycol 600 tP)
Polyethylene glycol €00
Polyethylene glycol 1000
Polyethylene glyeol 1000
Polyethylene glycol 1500 and 500B iP>
Polyethylene glycol 1500
andSSOB
Polyethylene glycol 1530
Polyethylene glycol 1540 and 1450
Polyethylene glycol 1540
ami 1430
Polyethylene glycol 2000
Polyethylene glycol 2000
Polyethylene glycol 4000 (P)
Polyethylene glycol 4000
Polyethylene glycol 6000 (P)
Polyethylene glycol 6000
Butyl phthalyi butyl glycolate (M)
Tngtycolester of vegetable oil
fatty Midi M>
Tnethvlene glycol eater
of fatty acid (M)
Linear dibasic acid derivative*
I«xtecyle«er
Hydrocarbon type 'Mt
Hydrocarbon type (M)
1 lydrocarbon type < M J
Hydrocarbon type 140
199
191
224
188
143
164
160
140
146
135
210
173
146
147
166
160
V.P.,
mm. Hj.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
"
-
-
0.10.5 150-C.
3.96i200-C.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.051fl wllulo=*i PM
poiymrth-.! methtcryiatr. PS * poly-men*; VA > polyvmyt acetate; VB - polyvuiyl hutyrai; VC
nnvf r-l/noV;«nd V<".\ = vinyl chlonde nortaw
index; F.P. « ftaah point
M.P. - melting point; CA •=
tCode for compitibilUjr C - compatible, P - partially compatible; I - incom patio!•.
1 Number* refer to manufacturer* and •uppiien luted on page 815 See end of chart, page 785. (or Iwt of
trade nnim-M ami rlf*iignaUuni« indi«ib>N murtomrnc; (P> indirHtvn polymeric. ^Meaaurvment mad* at 20*C. 'Potir point
*I>cofflpOHM,-SupKrcoala to about 70 C.
-Hprinted fro* elw Oetoo*r L974 i»u« of Kodant Plaaeic*
£aerelep«dia. Cap/right 1974 by McGraw-Hill Inc.. 1221 Ava.
«C eh* Aa«ct$u. H-w York. H.T. 100ZQ. All tight* r**arv«d.'
37
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cent.)
Plasticizers
•uiiui i>
(ConTd)
Name*
Hlntnm *rfvit»m (Confd)
Hjdrocafteratypaaf)
HjrdrocvbnotypelM)
Hydrocarbon type
Krdr.xvrbontype'M)
Hydros-boot XP*tim
BmyUaurat*
Dibutyl maj«Bt*
Dibuty! maJcaie
Oioetylnuleate(M)
Di-wooctyl maieate
MellrtJtti
n-Octyl. iKlecyl trimellitau (M)
Tri n-oetyl n-deeyl trimeiiitate iM>
Trioctyl triineHitat* (M)
booctyl iso-deeyl trimellitiite (M)
Triiaononyl tnmeliiute (M)
Triisooctyi triradhtat* (M)
IVi-capryl tnmellitaU! (M)
Diuooctyl mono iaoderyl trimvlliut*
Tttisod-xyl trinetiit*te
Tri 2-ethylhexyt-trioicllitate (M)
MyrittiewWdtfiMUm
boptopyt tnynstate (M)
Kitrilt dertv«(iv«
Katty acid nimle (Mt
Olatc icM tfpfwitiwt
Methyl oleate i.M)
Sp. 6f.*
at
25'C.
1-omsis.s-c.
OWltolS.S'C.
0.969& li.S'C.
omft.is.s-c.
0.8CO-0.880*
O.MS'
l.WS
_
0.9840'
0.983(6 Z3*C.
0.9M3
1.107
0.887"
0.911
0.89
0.883
0.970
0.960
0.97
0.97
0.9944
09964'
0994-0.997'
0.944
0.94S"
0.972
0.978a23-C.
0.987
0.983'
0.979*
OSW5W23-C
0-977
0.978ca23-C.
0969"
0.984«
0.849
0.853
0.832
0.861
0.847
0875
0.869
0.«S6
R.I.
at
25'C.
1.4764*
1.4300
1.4540*
_
1.4875"
1.487(Sa3'C.
1.4838
1.486
-
-
-
-
-
1.444
1.445-1.446"
1.445-1. 446*
1.4535
1.457"
1.482
1.4S2
p
1
p
p
c
c
c
-
"
I
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
c
p
-
a
p
c
u
'
r
C
"
-
-
p
p
-
p
p
p
_
-
-
c
p
-
0
>
p
?"
e
T
p
p
u
v
<•
c
c
C
C
-
-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
-
-
c
p
p
g
c
c
c
t
-
c
c
-
-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
c
-
-
i
c
p
p
Manu-
facturers
and
suppliers'
S4>
345
345
345
345
345
370
346
346
733.839
639, 1070
346.917
345.917
129.427.464
94,1192
94.103.485.
493,770.
312A
1192
485
485
94.464.485.
1192
94.464.485.
770.1192,
1195
94.103.464.
485. S12A.
1192.1196
354.464
639,738.917.
961. 1074.
1107.1111
739. 1107
739,1107
519.639.917,
1107.1111
639. 1107
839, 961.
1070. 1111
345.474.839.
917,1111
128. 345. 474.
839.917.961.
1070. 1074.
1107,1111
345. 839. 961
370
4H5.S39.839,
917.961.982.
1107. 1111
1116
917
839.961
346. 474.
1107
94. 103, 132,
345.812A.
1192
1116
1116
1192
493
354. 770,
1054
132. N12A,
1192
"Corf* (of column hrndin-p.: Sp Or. - «(vcific gravity; R.I. - refractive indci; PP. - fltwh point
' rievitlnnd opt'O nip1; V 1' n YHpur prvKSurv: l\.R " hoilmtf rrtnjfr; M P. ™ liit'Kmjr point; (.A "
OTlluliMc*uvtjiU', (.'All - cvlluUiMf awtMU-ltut\rntr, ON = n>HuKwi> tiiU-«l«',KC -= vthyt wliulDtw, I'M J
pnlyiiM>th>t fiidhnt-n.-lMtc. 1*S |».ly^tvri>fU'. VA •» polvvinyt art'UU-; VB ^ polyviliyl hutyrul, VC •-
vinyl irhlurulf, *rui VCA «• vinyl chlonu? HiVUl*-
f fftrrORipaiibiUty C « rompatiblv, P •« purtinlly cumpuiiblr. 1 * incompatible.
nhcr* ri-frr in niunufMctUfcr* itnd xupplirn li'ti-d on p«Kf ** 13, 8e
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
Plasticizers
chart
(Con I'd)
Nam*'
guk KM tatmlw (Conl'd)
Butyl oleaUllO
Ajnyloleet*
Onyl tatty Kid eaten
iMoctyl palnuut* (M)
•KlfUdomilhM
Chlorinated par amn tM)
Chlorinated paraffin (Ml
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin(M)
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlonnated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin CM)
Chlorinated paraffin (M>
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin IM)
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin
Chlonnated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin
Chlonnatad paraffin (M)
Chlonnated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Sp. Gr.«
al
2S'C.
0*65
0.876
0.1454
0895-0.902'
0.91-0.92
0.887
03J8>
0.950
0.950
0.946.
0952(5
30-C.
0.938
0.830-0.850
0852
0.869
0.863-
1.10*1.14
1.182-1.175
1.162-1.173
136
i.2e
1.13-1.17
1.13-1.17
1.16-1.18
1.16-118
1.65
1.65
1-35
1.35
133-1.36
1.33-1.36
1.56
1.56
1.16
1.24
1.24
1.36
136
1.63
1.63
1.23-126
R.I.
at
25°C.
1.451*
14546
14520
1 453-1.455
-
~
1.462
-
1.466-
t.teaa5mm.
-
"
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
-
"
-
-
-
~
~
-
M.P.,
"C.
<-10
<-40
-
-40
-19to
-22
<-45
-28
6
-
-
<-io
-
-
Oto9
6-9
li,.(S
rm.temp.
Hq.lS
tm.tanip.
liq-O
rm-tamp.
-
-
liq.<3
nn.temp.
lifl-S
rm.temp.
li,(9
nn.iemp.
Uq.S
nn.temp.
100-
100>
liq.S
rmt»»p
ilqfc
rm.temp.
liq.fo
na-terap.
liq.fa
rm-temp.
liq.lii
rm.temp.
liq'i
nn.ump.
liq.fa
nn.temp.
liq.Cn.
nn.temp.
liq.r.
rm.iemp.
liq 'a
rm. temp.
liq..a
rm. temp.
80-90
110-120
l,q /«
rm. temp.
Vis-
cosity,
cp.
8.21
-
-
-
-
-
9.6
91
-
190-2309
30-C.
-
-
-
-
250-3500
1025-C.
160-250SSU
322-33010 ZIOT.
22-33rn210'F.
100-120(0 23'C-
1 00-120(5 25'C-
4000S25'C.
4000(5 25-C.
60004a25'C.
6000%25'C.
Solid
10.000-
1500-2000
"i ZS^C.
1500-2000
<» 25"C
4000-AOOO
'..25'C.
4000.6000
'«25'C.
22.000-25.000
-ii25'C.
10.000*
3.W0.4000
*i25C.
20.000-30.000
<« ZS^C.
20.000.30.000
til 25 'C.
[GOO- 1700
M25-C
1600-1700
.'"2S'C.
Solid
100-120''"251C.
10.000-12.500
Compatibility with plasticst
3
i
-
i
i
-
-
~
i
i
p
p
c
p
c
p
c
p
c
c
c
p
c
p
p
c
V
-
c
-
c
c
c
00
2
c
-
I
c
-
-
~
c
I
c
p
c
-
-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
~
-
c
c
c
z
u
c
c
c
c
~
c
ft
c
c
c
p
p
c
p
c
p
c
p
c
p
c
p
c
p
p
c
V
-
-
c
p
p
o
ut
c
c
c
c
~
c
p
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
-
c
c1
c
•I
-
-
-
~
-
-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
S!
c
-
-
-
c
~
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
(.
c
c
c
§
c
-
-
-
c
~
-
-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
S
c
c
-
-
-
~
-
-
p
p
c
p
p
p
c
p
c
p
c
p
c
p
p
p
p
-
-
c
~
c
u
>
c
c
c
c
c
c
p
p
-
I
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
(J
S
1
-
-
c
-
-
c
p
p
1
1
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Manu-
and
suppliers'
95. 109. 4M
493.770.
812A.IM!,
1054. UK.
1192
1074
4KS. llitt
103.4M
94.4S5.
1192
94. WS.
1192
354
94.354.404.
485.KI2A.
1054.1116
1192. 119A
31.464
501
94, 464. 41*5.
1116.1192.
1195
94. 103. 132.
345.812A.
1192
1116
1192
425.961.
1192
320.329.751.
827
329. 504. 51*
603.7SK.ru:
329.345.53ll.
827
329.504.60.1.
758,827
329.536.»27
232.329.345.
758.827
320.329.345.
536.827
329.34S.603.
758. U27
329,345. MS
827
320. 329. 75*
329
320. 329. 345.
603.82?
329.345.536.
827
232.320.329.
346.827
329.536,827
232.320.329.
345.82;
329. 345. 536
206,232.320
329. 345. VW
537,603,827
232.329.345
537.603.ft7
329, 345.53ft.
827
232. 320. J».
346. 537.603
827
:i29. 345. 53«.
827
320.329. T.VI
1116
329
206. 320. T2»
346. 536. 531.
603.82?
'Coda Inr column heMbngM: .Sp. Cr ' apvaflc yr.iv.ty; R.I. - rvfrMtivo indei; F.P * fl-wh point
'Cleveland otxm cut»; V P - vnpor pmtMur*; ft K. •> bulling ruin**; M P * melting point: CA -
! - tx-l!ulu« -d-tate iH.lyrt.t*>: CN - tvllu!™c n. trait; KC ;
.
P"iyiii»-thyl iiM'ih*ii-Tvlt.t«, I'S - }iolYr*tyr«n«; VA * polyvinyf matt*tn. VU » poJyvm
nnyl chlundt*. und VCA - vinyl ciilonrie .w»Ui«
'Code for eompAiinility C » eompitibl*. P - partially comp.tihk, 1 - ineomp-
'Nunibuft rettr to m*nufactur*>n and •uppliRn li.brd on p*g* HI5 S**«nd tit chart.p*g« 7S5, for lt»lo'
trad*: nuitu-M uritl d<-Hiifriiittirin»> of nu()[fjii-r^
t'Mtindir«t.'r> rtv>nMm-n£,t)'MndKj.tj-npn(ymcric. 'Metwurcnvnt m**.., at 20*C.
point. •>>u(
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
Plasticizers
WIIUI ft
(Cwirni
Ham*'
CUoriiulMl p*r*ffia (Ml
CUoriMMd paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffi D ( M)
Chlorinated pauaffia (M)
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlorinated paraffin (M)
Chlorinatad paraffin
Chloriiutod paraffin (M)
r».M*.k aeU d-jmtthrai
Duthyten* glyeol dipelmrgonate
Tritthylene glycol dipelargonaM (M)
2-Butoiyethyl petargonate
taU.trythri.ol fatty cod e«rt»r (M)
nwMKyptntkiztn
Phcnoxy
Plw&oxy
Phaaxr
•kaipMic .tin taf Inthni
Tnethylphoaphate(M)
IHbutyiphoapliatelM)
Tri-O-rthylheiyl) phoephtte (M)
Tnlxitoxy«thxl phosphate (M)
Triphaayl phoiphete (M)
Gwyi dipheuyl phoaphite (M)
Ttrunayi t*o»phit< (M)
IVi-dimethylpbeayl phoaphate
IVi-iaopnpyl phenol phoophate iM)
Attrla»yli>hoeph.l«(M)
AlkylaiylphoiphatelM)
Compla, alkyl pho.ph.u- (M)
Triuyl nhaaphata aynthetic (M)
0.0,0.-triel>iyl phoRphorothioaeetM)
0.0.0.-tributyl phoaphorothioale (M)
OAO-triiaooct;t phoephonxhioete IM)
Tristt-ehlanethyl) phoepluta (M)
Trialchlorgethyl) ph<*phatc(M)
Tmldkhloropropyl) phoephate 'Ml
Tri lylanyl phtwphate (M>
Diphmyl octyl photphMe (Ml
Dtphenyl-.ylenyl pho.ph.te
Halogaiuted organic
Bolypho.phon«te (M>
Hajegenated orfUuc phoaphau
aeUr(M)
Pheoyl iflopropyl phenyl phaNphate (M)
•Mfiaflc acH derivatlm
Alkyl benzyl phthalete (M)
Dimethyl phtlulate IMI
Sp. Gr.'
at
25'C.
1.44
1.44
1.51
157
1.16
1.22-1.24
1.22-1.114
1.65-1.75
0.966*
0.965*
1.4296
0.997
1.038
1.060
1.165
1.065-1.072"
0.973-0.983*
0.9260*
1.020
1.1S&-1-202
1.204-1.208
1.160-1.175'
1.145
1.150-1. 163
1.088-1093
107
1.130*
1 IM
1.074
0.987
0.933
1353'
1.425*
1.513
1.130-1.145
1.09-1.09
1.187
1.425-1.446
1.482
1.135-1.171
1.065-1.074
UBB-l 192
1.192-1.194*
R.I.
at
25°C.
-
-
-
1.51
1.416
1.516
-
1.444
1.448
0.896
1.453
1.5134
1.S096
1.56S
1.4055*
1.4226*
1.4434*
1.434
1.563-1.5518
1.560
1.553-1.556
15635
1.552
1.507-1.910
1.506
1.448*
1.55
1.4458
1.4491
1.4580
1.4858
1.476*
1.5019
1.551-1555
1.506-1.512
1.558
1.492-1.496
1490.1.500
1X6-1 SM'
1.523-1 539
1.5133-1 5168'
F.P.,
•c.
Mn.
Nona
Nona
Nona
No»
-
-
-
210
210
127
247
-
-
-
116
193
207
222
325
233-237
255
233
230
224
241
96
470
107
146
210
191
225
252
235*
200
240
Nona
232
>235
229
149-157
V.P.,
mm. H{.
-
-
-
~
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.27S200-C.
600
120
0. 25.000
10S73-
1.9SHWC.
<0.10«150'C.
0.15.
1125-255." 5mm.
129-162$! 4mm.
26Hs4mio
-
-
-
218
177.178a27mni.
150@10mm.
220@5ouil.
215-228C44mm.
220(5 Smic.
235-255fa4uun.
253(olOnun.
241-255@4mm.
225-295(5 10mm.
220-270
230
c
c
L
c
p
-
-
I
-
-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
c
c
c
p
c
c
1
c
0
m
>
c
-
V.
-
c
u
c
p
-
c
c
c
c
I
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
c
c
c
-
-
-
c
c
c
.>
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
p
c
c
c
c
c
-
c
c
c
c
-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
p
3
>
c
c
(J
C'
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
e
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
Manu-
facturers
and
suppliers'
232,329,346,
537.603,827
329.345,827
•'.12.329. 346.
537.603.827
320. 329, 345
320. 329, 345,
536. 537, 603.
827
329,345.603.
827
329.345,536.
827
329. 345, 536
354.485.961
354.485.961
485
132.504,
812A. 1070
1070
1070
1070
31, 146. 346,
719
31, 103. 146.
252.345.693,
719.722.733,
738,1031
31. 103.146.
345.371.719.
1117
103.345,371.
493.693.738,
1031
103.345,719
738, 1031
31, 103, 146,
345.371.493,
719.733.738,
1031
31. 103. 146.
345.371.493.
693,719.733,
1031
103.733
371
345. 733. 738
738
722
371
722
722
722
577.722.
1031
146. 178, 493,
719. 722.
1031
31.493
31.371
146, 719
733
738
738
31,146.719
?:m
31. U12. 146.
345. :(4fi. SOI.
6M3.719. 7:lH,
1 107 A,
1159
•Coda for column howftngi: Sp. Or. « atmafic gravity, R.I. - r*fratrtiv« index; P.P. - Aaxh point
(Ctwvland ojwn cup>: V P. - vapor prmwum: B.H. - hotline run-fir; M P, - ntt-tting point; CA *
MlltiloMi aeauto; CAB - cvlluloae acruta butyrat*; CN - wlluiuM nitralo; EC • «thyl o*ilul™to; PM ••
poIymKhyl ii.«ai.tcrvla»: PS - poly-tytwiw: VA - poJyvinyl wuut*; VU - polyvuiyl butyral; VC -
vinyl chlundv: and VCA - «nyl uhloni- aoi
lor cnrnpfttibility: C • compilihl*. P - pnrti.illy coinp.ttkble,! - in> lintm! on p«K» 016 S*» #iid of chart, pag* 786, for lutot
UMOC RNUIMI and(ln>)|pwUuivi o( tHifiptiem.
"(M) indic.«(«MmunuBMnc;\P) indic»Uw |.o)ynwnc. 'MnaiiuruiiMnt mad* at 20°C. 'Pour point.
*ltprlac*d froa eh* Oecabar 1974 Lisu* of «o4*ra ?lueics
Kncyclop«dl*. Copyrighe 1974 by HeCraw-Hill Inc.. U21 Avc.
Of Ch* AMricas, New York. H.Y. L0020. All rlghcf ra*arvid.'
40
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
Plasticizers
chart
(Conl'rJ)
Namt'
FMMk (M>
Dibutylphth«l»t.fW>
DibutylphthjJ«u>
DiuotHitylphlh^.UdO
Diiaobinyl phtlud.i. (M)
Diuobueyl phthaifte* (M)
DumyloJ»h»Ut«
DihuylpluluU>l»(M)
Dibuyl pklhdatt (n) (Ml
DiifatKptylphtluUU
Butyl octyl phthiliu (M)
Butyl intocyl plith*l»te
oo!yipiiUi«l«t.
UiMdtlcohoJpbth«J«to{M)
Mtort tjeoliol phttuliu
Mii«d omul «lo>hol phthil.u (M)
DM2-.thylh.xyl> phtlulit. (M)
OUaylphthdaUCMl
•Oetyl-i«i«yl pl»b>l«u(M>
»>fc«ptyl n-aonyl ifcuadMyl pbtiuJ«t*(M)
Dt-».|>rptyl phUulM*
»b*ptyl/»noarl patlulal*
•4»!*yV»in>yl/iMU)m.
190.206@5nmi.
-
-
222-23 0 boiling range; M.P • imttioff point; CA -
wHuloMMutate; CAB •* vllttJoM Kvute butyr.«U; CN • »l>uk** mtr>u>; EC •• «thvi oaUulow; PM -
palyoMliyl m-.ih.M-i7J.ib>; PS - poJy-Kyren,; VA - po./vu.yl MBUto; VB ' polrvinyl butyrd; VC -
rc«u for onpltiMlity: C - nmgnUbte, P - Futility anpitibi*. I - feeompitibk.
1 Numton nltr to minubetunr* ind lupplicn IwtocJ op pop 816. &M tod of chut, p*|* 786, fttr lUtef
tnd* name* alui daugiuuoiu at •uppliora.
oxwolnonc-. lixlieiM polymtnc. 'MouuniiKni mxb u arc. -Pour pout rluctcs
tncrclopodl.. Copyrl|hc H7t »y McOrm-Htll Inc.. 1221 Avo.
«f th< Ao.rU.1, HIV York. H.T. 10020. All clghci ro9
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
Plasticizers
chart
(Coord)
Name'
Pkmtlic KM derivative* (Omr'll
Heptyl bemyl phtheiete
itdecyl'iueyl phtluleu IM>
(Phthelet* of Buied *,eJ«»l»l*l
OctyldecylphtluletXMl
Oeooctyl uodecyl phth»Ule>
feoactyldecYlphlheletil
Dxtacyl pttUuleM
(rfueodeeyl phthjdeu) (M)
Diuodecyl phthelw (Ml
DneodeeylpKUoletelMI
DUegdeCTlphthtleu
Diuntridecyl phlluueM (Ml
DiuBdeeyl phtlultulM)
Oiiuxlxyl phlluliu
Ditridecyl phDuUu (M)
DMyltridecyl phti»l«te(M>
Blend (60/50) of di-octyi Old
di-octyl-decyl phthalatee
Blend [60-50) ot di-octyl ud
di-deeyphtlul«e>
Oetyl fetty ph italic ester (M)
Ethylliexyl-deert phUuUete (Ml
Butxl-.lhylh.iri phttieieu (M)
MiiedeJkyl phthalele M)
Mind mrnul elkyl phtheJue (M)
Petty eeidphtlulete (Ml
TMillcylphtluueletM)
Dielkyl phtfcelele
Hydro.bi.tyl phthelete (Ml
Butyl eyeloheiyi phth*lra (M)
Butyl benzyl phtheleu iBBPI 1M)
Butyl beniy! phthalate
AIM aryl modined phUulau iM)
Alkyl ejyl modified phlhelete (Ml
Alkyl irylpl"h*Jeu
Alkyl eryl phthalate
Alkyl eryl phtKel/ileiMI
Alkyl eryl phthelet*
Alkyl eryl phtheiete
Modi Bed phlheletelMl
Modin«150
-
194
199
198.9
-
410'F.
-
207
199
210
224
1E2
163
-
-
-
-
-
-
190
-
147
US
186
445
210
V.P.,
mm. Hg.
-
O.OK»IWC.
0.3i4mm.
356A 760mm.
249-256^1 4fnra.
-
356ft 760mm.
-
26216. ICtom.
-
240€2min.H{.
-
240e5aun.
-
215-235@4inm.
245C(i5iiun.
224: V >'. - vapor prriwiurip; UK •• Killing rttntju; M P - mcltinn poin
mtmtf: CAR • cvlluhMti IU«UI[*E tmtyrdU*, CN - cvlUiloHo nitrate; tC - *-tfiyl ooliulww; I'M -
l mrUwrvUe*; rs - ixiIv-rtvrM*-; VA - potyvmyl .KrUtv; VB - paiyvinyl butyr«l, VC -
vinyl cWc-nd*; and \ CA - vinyl chJoruta MrttU*.
tCoU For eomptuibility: C - compatible, r - pnrttnlly com
"Mum turn rc(t-r to mutiuf-JCturam nnd nuppln-m Imtcd on
rai* rut mo* an twi^naanii
HM ) intbc*l*» ntonomvhc; (I*) i
.,,. r ... , itibl*,! » m™mpmiDiB
•uppht-m Imtfdon pug* HIS Se« end of chart, pug* 785, for hit of
i polynwK ^tMunirameat innd«i at 20*C. 'Fix-zing point.
"%*prlnt«d £TM tK* October 19Tfc li»\» of Hod«cn Piasttes
Kneyelojwdi*. Copyrtghc 1974 by HcCr«w-Hlll Inc., L221 Av*.
of th* AoaricM, New Yock, H.Y. 10020, All right* res*rv«d.'
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
Plasticizers
(Coofd)
Name1
matin *cU JtrivMlvM (Cont'd)
pii«tha*y»thUu> (Ml
Snifht chiia «tohol phthil.u
Wy«wr(J)
ft,.! _--t«r fpi
rdjMuin
Ml*rar(P>
P«ljt»t»r(P>
Polrwurdt
Polr-ut
PetyottrO1)
W7-Uf(I>)
P«l;w<«r(P>
Mr«ur(P)
MTour.aenylitol
PobvUr.utrUwi
Polywur. M«cyUt*t
PoljMir.unyl'l*'
Pol}M«.>ot7Uud
r*nlTlj[»r
PH^ur
fWT«ur(P)
PaljMarCP)
Pnly-«r(P)
PolT^urtP)
Tatftiur
Pol7**ter(P)
Polj«««r
MJMICTID
PoiTMUrlP)
Polmur(I>)
PdrMVCP)
PolyuarCP)
Pd7«er(P)
PBlj«««r(P>
Pil7«bra>)
Ny«t«(P)
Mj«Mr(P)
PolTW<«r(P)
Polj«Mr(P)
Poly«Mr(P)
Pbliaur(P>
Politer (P)
Pc'TcK.ra1)
PUj«6t«r(P>
Polye.t.ra")
PolTecUr
Pol^mr
PdTMer
Polrnur
PtfeMtr
Polyester 160
>1W
246
268
300
143
270
236
-
260
238
240
232
280
286
286
286
277
-
283
260
66CTF
WO
626
280
277
232
306
316
288
288
280
279
299
279
299
277
232
310
267
274
300
300
290
246
238
•aa
290
-
267
290
V.P..
mm. Kg.
1.40e> 200*0.
.e26'C.
-
676*
117.600*
6330*
3120*
1140*
-
1»66*
200*
796*
3960*
-
-
-
-
-
16.620*
-
116
270
2260
850
2800
220
16.000
-
2000*
1100*
23*
75*
63*
8600
11.500
62*
254
107*
13*
48*
UX)0-2300&60'C.
EOOO-2300«&50*C.
>000-1300<(tSa>C.
-
-
-
- '
-
9600r»7?T.
6100®77-F.
Compatibility with plastiot
5
i
c
-
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
p
p
p
i
p
p
t
p
p
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
-
-
-
-
c
1
p
1
1
§
c
c
c
r
r
c
c
c
c
p
•5-
c
c
I
p
p
p
2
p
I
c
c
c
0
c
c
c
1*
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
1
*
c
c
r
;
c
c
c
^
-^
>
p
z
p
c
^
c
u
u
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
u
c
c
c
c
c
c
a
c
c
r
i
i
p
I
i
p
p
p
i
i
i
i
i
i
I
i
i
i
i
I
p
i
p
i
p
p
i
i
i
i
c
i
i
c
c
c
=
C
-
I
I
I
I
I
I
-
I
1
:
i
i
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
c
-
i
-
c
c
1
c
p
,
c
c
1
>
>
a
i
i
i
i
i
:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
c
-
-
1
<
>
c
c
p
p
p
T
P
P
P
P
P
3
P
P
1
I
P
P
P
P
P
I
C
c
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
0
0
-
c
p
p
c
p
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
Plasticizers
chart
(Conl-d)
Kama'
•atytftMS (Cant'd)
Polyester (P>
Polyester(P)
Polyester (P)
Polyester (P)
Polyester (P>
Polyester (P)
Polyester IP)
Polyester (P)
Poly-tor
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
PolyMter
Polyeeter
PolyMter
Polyester IP)
Polyester
Polymer
Polyester (P)
Polyester {P)
Polyester
Polyester (P)
Polyester (P)
Polyester (P)
Polyester
Polyester
Polyeitar
Polyester
Polyester (P)
Polyester (P>
Polyester (P)
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyester
Polyeste»10«78
Polyester* 10675
Polye.Ur*l«76
Polyeste-»10674
Polyeeterfl0680
Polyester * 10677
Polyester' 10673
Polyoxypropylene derivatives of
trimethylolpropeiielP)
PolyumhBJle besed (P)
•ickwlsle teU sirhilfm
Methyl ririnole»te:M)
Methyl aeetyl ricinolsote 1 roodifleal (M>
Butyl ricmoleste (Ml
R-Bytyl ecvtyl ricinole«te(M>
Ethylsne (lyeol riciiukate (M)
Propylene glycol rinnoleete (M)
Methoxyethyl ncirwleate (Ml
Methosyethy! ecvtyl ricinolpnte t M 1
Meltwwyethvl eretyl ricinoleet*
HnodioWKM)
Glyoerol Dunoricinelesle (M)
Dielhylone fflycol nranoriciitokettf (M)
Glyoeryl trisoctyl ricinoleiite (M)
Sp. Gr.'
at
25°C.
1.099
I. Mi
1.10
1.025
1.136
1.061
1.100
1.19
1074
1.1M
1.0626
1.04
1.07
1.09
1.09
1 12
1.13
1.093
1.075
1.129
1.098
1.062
1.082
1.107
1.035
1.06C
1.066
1.0443'
1.084&23-C.
1 091(5 KTC
1.070(S23'C.
1.081(5 23-C.
1.060
1.13
1.097
1.034'
1.076
1.03
lAOGtfC.
1.20
1.042
1.072
1.0S3
1.118
1.094
1.092
1.092
1.00-1.03
1.14
0929
0950
0.917
0.928
0!K9
0.960
0.951
0.960
0.963
0.981
0.1>72.0,U«0
0965
R.l.
at
25'C.
1.486
1466
1.4658
l.473«
14960
1.4713
1.4650
1.479
1.4660
14662
1.4660
1.460
1.468
1.466
1.470
1.467
1.480
1.470
1.465
-
1.46666 23°C.
1.4898
1.466
1.477
1.458
1.465
1.4650"
1.4642
1.4808fd23-C.
1.4810(5 23'C.
1.4724'S23'C.
1.4748(&23*C.
1.464
1.486
1.470
1.460
-
1.457
1.4883®23'C.
1.47
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.4620
I45SO
14SSO
1.4555
1.4740
1.469
1.4645
1.4570
1 4630
1.4770
-
1.46X5
P.P.,
•c.
290
260
293
280
243
254
280
316
275
270
290
-
-
-
' -
-
-
-
-
-
280
<500
530-F.
540'F.
495-F.
S50-F.
254
243
-
-
-
-
-
-
278
265
245
-
227
-
270
245
244
270
-
265
236
>121
-
190
207
207
210
241
221
207
215
233
265
-
290
V.P.,
turn. Hg.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
• -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Nil
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
<004(.i 150-C.
-
-
-
-
B.R.,
"C.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36015760mm.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
nofeMmm.
185«i'lmm.
!95<C.
9800(0 25'C.
300C.
-
-
-
-
WOO
105.000
30,000
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
300-900«77JF.
Solid
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Compatibility with plasticst
5
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
c
i
i
i
-
i
i
i
[
i
i
i
p
p
-
-
c
I
1
-
-
I
I
p
p
1
I
p
I
-
1
1
1
-
1
1
I
-
-
I
1
c
c
c
c
1
1
1
1
-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
-
c
I
c
-
c
I
I
p
p
I
c
p
c
-
c
-
c
c
c
-
1
g
c
c
c
c
L
c
c
c
-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
-
p
c
c
-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
c
c
f*
c
c
c
0
0
c
u
c
p
c
c
1
1
1
1
-
c
p
p
I
I
1
1
p
p
-
-
p
1
p
-
-
I
1
I
I
1
[
1
[
-
c
c
£-
c
0
c
c
o
0
£
c
-
0
c
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
p
-
-
-
c
1
-
-
-
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
c
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
v>
1
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
c
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
I
-
-
1
c
-
-
-
I
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
-
-
_
-
1'
1'
-
p
<
p
p
p
p
c
1
1
I
-
c
p
p
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
-
[
p
p
-
p
c
p
p
p
p
p
p
c
c
c
-
c
c
c
-
0
00
_
V
-
-
1
I
1
1
-
c
p
p
c
c
c
c
-
-
-
-
I
I
p
c
-
p
[
p
p
p
p
p
p
1
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
-
g
c
c
c
c
c
1
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
1
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
c
1
c
1
c
1
r
c
r
c
«c
u
>
c
c
c
c
c
1
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
llul hutyrm*., ON •- cvlluloN* nitnih-: KO -• ethyl «vllultjit»; VB ptilyvtnyl butyrul; VO =
Tinyl cMoriJe; wnJ VCA - vinyl .-Munii* ncvUsf*.
- fompatiM*,.1 -
'Nun.lvni irtvr i« ntMnulHrturvr* unit Mipp
trade numr* unit ti* nf supplier*
*iMl ifMlivitl<-» miHMmrnr: tl'> imiiwtM Hy
(nun sftwatri*. 'I !«• whilst for (Mily»in.vl *l
«.m|'«liM«' I inoim^.t.t.l,.
"»> P»K»l w's -V* VIM! ..f chiirt, pn
...
»•*' »t 20 i ','»»r p
7M.V f«ir Iwlaf
laprlnetd frca elu Oeeobcr 1976 ti*u* of Modern Plastics
KaeyetoMdU. Copyrighc 1974 BV McGraw-Hill Inc.. 1221 Ava.
of clM Awxleas. New Yoek. H.Y. 10020, All rigt.cs rts«rv«d.'
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
Plasticizers
chart
{Codt'd)
Nam*1
SMMCkMUtfMfwtNM
DunKhyi«MwoKU(M)
Dibutyl aehMAtc iM)
Di-2-ethylhrxyl .-wbuCHU- 1 M)
DioctylM'bncat#iM>
tD.-2-ethylhe»yl>
Di-nonyl .•wtmcute (M)
Di-i*ooctyl gtt-lwatv t M >
Dibutoxycihyt »ebacat«
Dibeiuyl :*tiacat* (M)
Di-iaopropyl scbaeat* iM)
Mixed acbacaU adipate est»r
Sturk acid tfanvttivt *
rv Butyl st*ar»te (M)
tvButyl-atcarate (M>
Butoxyethyl stearatc (M)
Octyiateu-ate
Ortyl atearate (M)
Octyl atearate (Ml
l,2-Propyl*nei{Iyco) monoatearatetM)
Stfaylenc glycol manomcthyl «th«r'
flevate
Ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether
atcaratatM)
Glyoeroi manoatearabHM}
Glycerel raonootearate (M)
Clyeeryl nwrwxkatetM)
Glyoeryl monoleate (M)
Glyoeryi tn-aoctoxy atttarat* (M)
Butyl aoetoxyatearfttt (M)
Dwthylen* glycol disparate
Stymie n?sin
Styrcn*re*in
Styrene d*riv«tiv«
SunlnteKUiltmxim
Uibutylauccjnate
SueraoAriulhn
SOOQM octaceeuu
Suemw oo»t*te uofautyratc (Mj
Sucrose benzonte (hard resin modifier)
Mimic KM ««m.liv«.
Beiueneeulfoflbutxluiiide
Bnixiiaiilliuimethylmuk IM)
O«nd p-toluriieiHilfonunidotM)
O ud a-tolum-eUlylsulfoiuunido iM)
»Cyclohu;l j>u>l<»n««ilfoiuiiiid< (Ml
Sp. Gr.«
at
25" C.
0990
0 934-0.!>42'
0 910-0 915*
0911-0.913
0.909
0.912-0.9160*
0.964-0.970
105
0936
0.93
0.8554.862
0.85-0.86@
30-c.
0.882
0.851-0.857
0.862-0.865*
0.85-0.861
0.93
0.886
0.877-0.882'
0.970
0.920-0.925Ca
60-C.
0.990
0.96
0.995
0.922
0.96
0.971
1-19
0.948
i.oitieo-
1.04C060*
l.07iiil5.SX;.
1.02-1.07
1.04
1.08
0.974
1.28*
1.146
1.25
1.14(1
1.26'
1.353
1.1KB
1.123
R.I.
at
25-C.
1.440-t.44-23>
1.450-1 452'
1.449-1 461
-
1.447
1.4447
1.521'
1.4310
1445
1.4418
144I-1.443S
30-C.
1.446
-
1.462-1.454'
1. 448-1.450*
"
-
1.446
1.447-1.449fa
60-C.
-
1.475
1.4595
1.44BO
-
-
-
-
1MS60-
1.57fo60'
1.61'
1.57-1 60
1.58
1.599
1-428
_
1.4540
1.577
1.525
-
-
1540
-
F.P.,
°C.
202
220
215
249
235-246
-
236
190
-
183
19«
210
-
210
200
"
-
216
190-220
-
-
300
207
-
-
164
-
166
182
-
-
-
-
-
307
260
260
-
180
206
174
-
V.P.,
mm. H{.
3mm. id
11WC.
-
"
-
-
-
-
-
-
300
255
260(a001mm
288
-
205-230&10nuil.
220-2306 12mm.
360
340
350
M.P.,
'C.
-12
<-60
-40
-
-50(0
-42
-10
28
-
-
16
-
-
1-6
-
-
37-39
20-24
15-17
55-57
53-58
7.5 nux.
-
-
-7
48
35-40
-39
-
-
-
99-143
5-140
100. 120
-15
-19
89
-
98
-
-
105
18
M
Vis-
cosity,
ep.
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8S25-C,
85
c
p
p
p
p
c
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
p
c
c
c
c
c
p
1*
1
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
-
CO
>
C
p
p
p
p
c
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
c
-
c
c
i
c
c
1
1
c
r
i
-
i
c
-
2
c
c
c
c
c
c
p
-
c
-
-
-
-
p
p
-
p
c
c
c
c
c
f
?
f
c
-
c
I
i
1
-
61. 1074,
1107.1111.
1116.1159
1107. 11!6
345.485.917,
961.1107.
1111
485,917,
1107
1116
1107,1116
770,917
94. 103. 132.
228.252.354.
485.493.606.
770.831.
1116.1192
501
94.103.485.
1192
1074. 1192
501
501
94. 464. 486.
812A.1116,
1192.1195
485.1192
103,485,
119]
31,94,103,
354.464,485.
770. 812A.
1148,1192,
1196
501
485
1145
138.464.748
138.748
94. 485, 770
485.1192
519
138.748
330
330
72,7511
831
831
758
485
1117
34*
1146
129,1107
146. 71»,
1107
738
73d
738
r »mf»tihi!ity C • rampatiblt. P - partially rampaiibli. I - jiKompatibl*.
1 Number* r»l>r to manufacturer* and lupplicra luted OA p»K* * 15- So end tit chart, pagt 786,for li-rt of
trade oamei and deaitfnation* of aupplicra
'(Ml indiCNtc* monom«r>c;((') indicab-*palymaric. 'M*aaur*m«nt mad* at 20%. 'Pour point. *Cakulatad
from liWlMTC, *l)*v*.op«d for poly vinyl alcohol.
-la»tlne«4 from eh* October 1974 laau* of Modern PInclci
.Encyclopedia. Copyright 1974 by McCnvf-Hlll Inc.. L221 Av«.
9t ch-ttatrlca*. Now York. H.Y. 10020. All righta rtaervtd.1
45
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
Plasticizers
chart
(Gourd)
Nun*'
Mtafc KU MrMIwi (Coil'd)
S-lonul (PI
3ullofwm>»i»llM>
Methyl nurof UII oil (Ml
Imoctyl ntar of Ull oil (M)
7MrlCMUttflntl>«
Dibutyl t«rmt«
'Sp. 6r.'*
it
25'C.
1.24
139
1.266
1.07
1.00
0.96
086
1.093
R.I.
It
25'C.
1.430
-
1.477
1.600
1.492-
-
1.447
F.P..
•c.
-
-
-
200-230
171
-
170
V.P.,
mm. HI.
J40X*
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B.R.,
•c.
-
-
-
-
-
-
292.312
M.P.,
•c.
<-20
-
-
-
-
-
-
20-21
Vis-
cosity,
cp.
-
-
-
90-120-
iw.,v«i«rf
-
-
Compatibility whti plntlcst
s
c
c
c
f
1
p
-
c
0
u
c
c
c
p
c
-
-
c
z
u
c
c
c
c
c
p
p
c
o
Ul
C
C
C
c
c
c
c
a.
c
c
c
1
-
-
-
c
vt
a.
p
p
c
c
-
-
-
s
c
CH
c
c
1
p
p
c
s
c
c
-
-
c
c
-
s
p
p
p
c
c
c
-
2
1
c
p
c
c
c
c
c
Manu-
facturers
and
supplier!1
1M
738
738
129
146.719
9O4
493
94
•Cod* (or column hMdJngx Sp. Gr. - specific privity; FU. - refractive index; F.p. • Awh point
(Cleveland open cup); V.P. = vapor prewure; B.H. - boiling rang*; M.P. • matting point; CA »
MllukMe cixUte: CAB - cetlulme Metatc butyr.U; CN - cellulow nitrnw: EC * ethyl <*llul<-*; PM -
poiymethyl tnethscrylatei PS > polystyrane; VA - polyvinyl aoaute; VB - polyvuyl butyr*!; VC -
viayl chloride; uul VCA - vinyl ehtonde u»Uta.
rCode (or compatibility: C = compatible. P = partially compatible. 1 = incompatible.
'Nurnbrn refer to manufacturers and supplier! !i»ied on page SIS See below for liat of trade namctaad
dcftignationa of suppliers.
MM) indiCaUamooomeric: (P) indicate* polymeric. *Mea«irtment made at ZO*C. *Pour point.
Trade names and designations of plasticizers
Numbers in parentheses indicate companies listed on page 815 which
use these specific trade names or designations. These designations are
usually used for more than one plasticizer, the specific material being
indicated by a following number, letter, or group of numbers or letters.
Abalyn (504)
ABGU29)
Abitol(504)
Acetin(146,719)
Admex(103)
Adimoll (146, 719)
Adipol (371)
Aldo(464)
AMS(72)
Aroclor (738)
Bcnzoflex(1146)
Bisoflex (132)
Blandol(1192)
CarbowBx(1117)
CD (172)
Cereclor(206,536,537)
Chemial (228)
Chlorez (329)
Chlorowax(320,917)
Citroflex (839)
Clophen (146, 719)
Clorafin (504)
CPFI827)
CP-48S1S19)
Crestapol (982)
Cryoflcx(1162)
D.A.P.(536A)
Deltaflex (917)
Dellatol(146,719)
Diablo (320)
Diacetin(146)
Disflamoll (146, 719)
Dow (330)
DrapexOl)
Drewmulse (812A)
Edenol (501)
Emery (354)
Epoxol (1054)
Escoflex (345)
Estynox (748)
Ethosperse (464)
Flexchlor(827)
FlexoKllH)
Flexricin(748)
Gafanol (427)
Gantrez (427)
Glaurin(464)
Gloria KaydoK 1192)
Glycolube (464)
Halleo(485)
Hatco(474)
Hatcol (474)
HB (738)
Hercoflex (504)
Hercolyn (504)
Hexaplas(206,536,537)
Isocheniflcx (577)
IsaplastPU(165)
Ja>-flex (370)
JerTox (585)
Kenflex (605)
Kenplast (605)
Kesscoflex (94)
Kodaflex (346)
KP (371)
Kronitex (371)
Kronox (371)
Lankroflex (536A)
Uflcx(693)
Lindol(1031)
Lipal(812A)
Loxiol (501)
Lutnnol(129)
Mesamoll(146,719)
Metalyn(504)
Mobilsol (723)
Monoplas(982)
Monoplex (950)
Monsanto (738)
Morflex(839)
MPS(519)
Natrochem(493)
Nevillac(758)
Neville (758)
Nevinol(758)
Nopco(770)
Nopalcoi (770)
NuoplazU074)
Palatnol! (129)
Palatinol (129)
Panaflcx (72)
Paraplex (950)
Paricin (748)
Paroil (329)
Pcgospcrse(464)
Peroxidol(917)
Pfizer (839)
PhosflcxUOSl)
Phosgard (738)
Picco(831)
Piccocizer(831)
Piccolastic(831)
Plastigen(129)
Plastolein (354)
Plastomoll(129)
Pliabrac(31)
Pluracoi(129)
Pluronic(129)
Polyein (748)
Polycizer (493)
PX(llll)
2-Pyrol (427)
Quadrol(129)
Resoflex (205)
Rucoflex (961)
RSO17)
SA1B (346)
Samicizer(738)
Santolitc (738)
Shcrflcx (997)
Sicol (739)
SOAU117)
Slaflox(917)
Starfol(103)
Super-Chlor (329)
Tetronic(129)
Thanol (585)
TP (1088)
Triacetin(146,719)
Triol (585)
Truflex(1070)
Ultramoll(146,719)
Unichlor(758)
Uniflex(1116)
Unimoll(146,719)
Upox (577)
VereflexUHS)
VestablitEpoxi(1148)
Vestinol (232)
Vircol (722)
Vinylube (464)
Wareflexai62)
Wilmar(1192)
Witco(1195)
Witcizer(1195)
**t«pttac*d fraat the Oecobar 1974 ii«u« of Hod*TO FUacic*
En«yclop*dta. Copyright 1974 5y McGraw-Hill Inc.. 1221 Ava.
of tlu AMtlcaa, H*v Kaek, H.Y. 10020. All rigtics reserved."
46
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
Manufacturers/Suppliers of materials and equipment listed in charts.
Addresses appear in the Directory Section, p. 819.
I. AAA Plastic* Equipment Co. 91.
2. AEG laolier-und Kuiutauff GmbH 92.
1. AFEX AC 93.
4. AGA Corp. 94.
5. AKU Goodrich R.V. 99.
6. AMSCO Oiv.. Union Oil Co. of Calif. 96.
7. AMUTS.p.A. 97.
8. ARCO Chemical Co. 98.
9. ARCO/Polyra«rs. Inc. 99.
10. A ft S Corp. 100.
11. A.S.C. Industries Inc. 101.
11 A. ASEA 101A.
12. Aarlito, Inc. 101B.
13. Abbott Machinery Div.. US. Packaging Corp. 101C.
14. Aceto Chemical Co.. Inc. 102.
IS. Acme PtasticH Machinery Corp. 103.
16. Acme Resin Co.. Unit at CPC International
17. Adams & Associates. Inc. 104.
18. Adams Bros. Plastic 10S.
20. Adell Plastics. Inc. 106.
21. Adem Works . 107.
22. Advanced Machine Planning, Inc. 108.
23. Air Products it Chemicals. Inc. 109.
24. Air-Vac. Inc. 110.
25. Akron Extruders, Sub. Bolton-Emerson, Inc. 111.
26. AkzoChemiebv 112.
26A. AkzoChemieGmbHlInterstab) 113.
26B. Akzo Chemie U.K. Ltd.. Interstab Div. 114.
27. Akzo Plastics nv 115.
28. Alambres Domim'canos C por A 116.
29. AI-Be Industries. Inc. 117.
30. AlbisCorp. 118.
31. Albright & Wilson, Ltd.. Industrial Chemicals 119.
Div. 120.
32. Alcan Metal Powders. Div. Alcan Aluminum 121.
Corp. 122.
33. Alchem Plastics, Inc. 123.
34. Alcolac. Inc. 124.
35. Alframine Corp. 125.
36. Alliance Mold Co.. Molding Equipment Div. 126.
37. Allied Chemical Corp.. Plastics Oiv. 127.
37A. Allied Chemical Corp., Specialty Chemicals 128.
Div. 129.
38. Allied Color Industries. Inc. 130.
39. Allwood Hydraulic Press Co. 131.
40. Araor Instrument Co. 132.
41. Alpha-Monarch Corp. 134.
42. Alpine American Corp. 135.
43. Aluminum Co. of America 136.
44. Amaco, Inc. 137.
45. Amacoil Machinery, Inc. 138.
45A. Amcel.Ltd. 139.
46. Amco Plastic Processors. Inc.. Colorant Div. 140.
47. American Acrylic Corp.
48. American Barmag Corp. 141.
50. American Chemical Corp. 142.
51. American Cyanamid Co.. Industrial Chemicals 143.
& Plastics Div. 144.
52. American Cyanamid Co., Elastomers & Poly- 145.
mer Additives Dept. 146.
53. American Cyanamid Co.. Dies & Chemicals 147.
Dept. 148.
54. American Cyanamid Co.. Plastics Div. 149.
55. American Hocchst Corp. 150.
56. American Hoechst Corp.. Film Div. 151
57. American Hoechst Corp.. Chemicals & Plastics 152.
Div. 153.
58. American Hydrotherm Corp., Sub. Ecological 154.
Science Corp. 155.
59. American Instrument Co.. Div. Travenol Labo-
ratories, Inc. 156.
60. American Insulator Corp. 157.
61. American Packaging Corp. 158.
61A. American Polymers. Inc. 159.
62. American Pyroxylin Corp. 160.
63. American Renolit Corp. 161.
64. American Resin Corp. 162.
65. American Stucbbe Div.. Demag Plastic Machi-
nery 163.
67. American Thermoplastics Corp. 164.
68. Americhem. Inc.
69. Ames, B.C.. Co. 165.
70. Ametck/Instruments and Controls 166.
71. Amctck/Westchester Plastics
72. Amoco Chemicals Corp. 167,
73. Amoco Chemicals Corp.. Industrial Products 168.
Div. 169.
AmpacetCorp. 170.
Amprobe Instrument 171.
An-Cor Industrial Plastic*. Inc. 172.
77. Anderson Development Co. 174.
78. Andouart. Societe des F-stabhssements 175.
79. Andria Plastics Corp. 176.
80. Ankerwrk. Div. Dematr Machinery Group
SI. Ankerwerk Niirnhprg GmhH ' 177.
82. A|wehe Foam Pi -"ducts, Div. Mlllmastcr Onyx 178.
Corp. 179.
t*3. Applied Kliiuiics, Inc.
84. Applied Phistirs Co 180.
S3. Applied Systems Corp. 181.
K6. AqimninC'OrKtinioo 182.
87. Ariipon Div.. Certain-Teed Machinery Corp. 183.
H8. Ariipahoe Cru-mtctils. l>iv. Synlex Corp. 184.
Nil. Arhurg Maschuienliiurik |KS.
90. Argus Chemical Corp., Halby Div 186.
Argus Chemical Corp.
Arkansas Co.
Arlon Products. Inc.
Armak Chemicals Div.
Armen, Inc.
Armstrong Cork Co.
Armstrong Products Co., Inc.
AroCorp.
Arrow Industries Inc.
Artmor Plastics Corp.
Arvey Corp., Lamcote Div.
Asahi Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.
Asahi-Dow, Ltd.
Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.
Asahi Yukiazi Kogyo Co.. Ltd.
Ashland Chemical Co., Div. Ashland Oil &
Refining Co.
Associated Lead Mfg.. Ltd.
Astronautic Industries. Inc.
Athena Controls, Inc.
Atlantic Laminates, Div. Oak Industries, Inc.
Atlantic Powdered Metals. Inc.
Atlaa Coatings Corp.
Atlas Hydraulic Div., Hussong-Walker Davis
Atlas Machine & Tool Corp.
Atlas Minerals & Chemicals Div.. ESS. Inc.
Atlas Vac Machine Div.. Planet Products Corp.
Autojector, Inc.
Automatic Packaging Machinery Co.
Automatic Timing & Controls, Inc.
Automation Devices. Inc.
Automation Products, Inc.
Auto-Place, Inc.
Autotron, Inc.
Auto-Vac Co.
Avecor, Inc.
Aviaplastique, S.A. (KAP)
Avnet Machinery, Div. Avnet. Inc.
Avnet Shaw Div.. Avnet. Inc.
Axel Plastics Research Laboratories. Inc.
Aztec Chemicals, Div. Dan Industries, Inc.
BASF Canada, Ltd.
BASF Wyandotte Corp.
BASF AC
B.B.I.. Inc.
BP-Chemicals International, UK Plastics Dept.
Babcock & Witcox Co., Refractories Div.
Bailey, J.W.. Machinery. Ltd.
Bakelite. La
Bakelite Xylonite. Ltd.
Baker Castor Oil Co.. Product Development
Baker Perkins. Inc.
Barber-Colman Co., Industrial Instruments
Div.
Barnes Engineering Co.
Barr Polymer Systems. Inc.
Battenfeld Corp. of America
Bausano & Figli
Baychem Corp., Verona Div.
Bayer AC
Beckman Instruments, Inc.
Beetle Plastics. Inc.
Bekum Maachinonfabriken GmbH
Belding Chemical Industries
Beloit Corp.. Plastics Machinery Div.
Berdon. Inc.
Berges, C.W.. Machinenfabrik
Bernel Foam Products Co.
Berstrotf. Hermann. Maschinenbau GmbH
iTransmares Corp., U.S. Rep.)
Betol Machinery. Ltd.
Bielloni Construzioni Italianc
Billion S.A.
Bin-Dicator Co.
Bipel International, Inc.. (Sales Ramco)
Black Clawson Co.. Dills Div.
Blane Chemical Div.. Reichhold Chemicals,
Inc.
Blciberger Bergwerks Union
Boeert Machine Corp. (U.S. rep. for Mauser
KG)
Bohme. Dr. Th., KG
Boiling. Stewart, & Co., Div. Intercole Auto-
mation. Inc.
Bolton-Emerson. Inc.
Bone Cravens. Ltd.
Horden Chemical Corp.. Thermoplastic Div.
Borden Chcmicnl. Div. Borden. Inc.
Borg-VVarner Corp.. Chemicals-Pljurtics
Boron Oil Co.
Hrabender. C.W.. Instruments. Inc.
Bradley & Turton. Ltd.
Brandenhurger, Joachim, Spczialmaschin*
enbau
Brandywine Fibre Products Co.
British Coliinesr. Ltd.
British Industrial Plastics, Ltd., Engineering
Dty. . C<«retine I?" Sr HcCriv-lUU Inc.. 1221 Ax.
»( Oi* «mrl«a, 3f fork, S.t. 10020. All C1I«C. t.i4rv«a.
47
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
286A.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
292.
293.
294.
297.
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
310.
312.
313.
314.
315.
316.
317.
318.
320.
320A.
321.
322.
323.
324.
324A.
325.
326.
327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
332A.
333.
334.
335.
335A.
335B.
336.
337.
338.
339.
340.
341.
342.
343.
344.
345.
346.
347.
349.
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
3S5.
356.
3S6A.
357.
358.
359.
360.
361.
361A.
362.
362A.
363.
364.
365.
366.
366A.
367.
368.
369.
370.
371.
372.
373.
374.
375.
376.
377.
378.
379.
380.
380A.
381.
382.
383.
384.
Dai Nippon Ink & Chemical Inc. 385.
Dai Nippon Tokyo Co. 386.
Daicel. Ltd. 386A.
Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. 387.
Dake Corp. 388.
Daniels Hamilton, Ltd. 389.
Danly Machine Corp.
Danson Corp., Ltd. 390.
Dart Industries Inc.. Chemical Group 391.
Davies Nitrate Co. 392.
Davis, Frank D., Co., Sub. Rockwood Indus- 393.
tries, Inc. 394.
Davis Meter & Supply Co.
Davis-Standard/Goulding/Hobbs Div., Cramp- 395.
ton & Knowles Corp. 396.
Dayco Corp., Packaging Film Div. 397.
Day-Glo Color Corp. 398.
DeBell & Richardson, Inc. 399.
Decar Plastics Corp. 399A.
Decor Laminates, Inc. 400.
Deeiite Blacklite Corp. 401.
Deerfield Plastics Co., Inc. 402.
DeGussa, Inc. 403.
Dekoron Div., Samuel Moore & Co. 404.
Delavan Mfg. Co. 405.
Delta-Chicago Inc.. Clad Rex Iliv. 406.
Demag Kunstsofftechnik GmbH 407.
Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K. 408.
Design Center. Inc. 409.
Devcon Corp. 410.
Dew-Foam industries 411.
Di-Acro, Div. HoudaiUe Industries. Inc.
Diamond Shamrock Chemical Co., Plastics 412.
Div. 413.
Dia-Premix Co., Ltd. 414.
Dillon, W. C., & Co. 415.
Dimensional Pigments, Inc. 416.
Ditron.S.R.L. 417.
Dixon Corp. 418.
Dodge Fluorglas, Dodge Industries Inc., Oak
Materials Group 419.
Dohrman Envirotech 420.
Dolci, Ing. L., S.p.A. 421.
Donray Products Co. 422.
Double A Products Co., Sub Brown & Sharpe 423.
Mfg. Co.
Dover Chemical Corp. 423A.
Dow Chemical Corp. 424.
Dow Coming Corp. 425.
Drabert Sohne, Maschinenfabrik 426.
Drainage Engineering Co. 427.
Drouet-Diamond 428.
Dunning it Boschert Press Co. 429.
du Pont, E J., de Nemours & Co.. Inc. 431.
du Pont, E.I., de Nemours & Co., Inc., Film 432.
Div. 433.
du Pont, E.I., de Nemours 4 Co., Inc., Textile 434.
Fibers Div. 435.
Durez Div., Hooker Chemical Corp. 436.
Dynachem Corp. 437,
Dynamit Nobel AG 438.
Dynamit Nobel of America, Inc. 439.
Dynisco 440.
EG & G, Cambridge Systems
Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. 441.
Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc.. Chemicals & 442.
Fibers Div.
Eagle Signal, a Systems Div. G & W Industries 443.
East Coast Chemicals Co.
Eastman Chemical Products 444.
Egan Machinery Co.
Electric Trading Co. 444A.
Electro-Flex Heat. Inc. 444B.
Electro-Mpchano Co. 445.
Emerson & Cuaaing, Inc. 445A.
Emser Werke AG 446.
Emery Industries. Inc. 446A.
Engel, Ludwia, KG 446B.
Engineering Plastics, Inc.
Engineering Plastics Ltd. 447.
Engineering Plastic MacMm-rv Co. 446.
Enka Glanzstoff Plastic NV, Engineering Plas- 449.
tics Dept. 450.
Erie Foundry Co.
Eronel Industries 451.
Esgo Plastics Machinery. Ltd. 462.
Essex International Inc.. Copolvmer Products 453.
Essex Wire Corp. " 456.
Ethyl Corp., Industrial Chemicals Div. 456.
Ethyl Corp., Polymer Div. 467.
Eurotherm Corp. 458.
European Plastic Machinery Mfg. Co. 459.
Evans Chemetics, Inc. 460.
Ex-Cell-O . 461.
Extruders, Inc. 462.
Extrudyne Co. 463.
Exxon Chemical Co. U.S.A.. rMm Div. 464.
Exxon Chemical Co. U.S.A.. Plastics Lab. 465.
FMC Corp., Industrial Chemicals Div. 466.
FMC Corp., Packaging Marhinrry Div. 467:
FMC Corp., Parts & Materials Handling Div. 469.
Fabricon Products, Div. E«>:le-Picher Indus- 469A.
tries. Inc. 470.
Fahr Bucber GmbH 471.
Fairmoum Chemical Co. 472.
Famco Pla=:ics Mfg. Co.. Div Kamiljan Corp. 473.
Farbwerke Hoechst AG 474.
Farrel Co., Div. L'SM Corp. 475.
Fast Heat Element Mfg. Co. 476.
Federal Mogul Corp., Colonial Plastics Div. 477.
Fellows Corp. 478.
Felten & Guilleaume Dielektrtt AG
Fenwal, Inc. 479.
Ferguson, James, & Son*. Ltd. 479A.
Ferro Corp., Color Div.
Ferro Corp., Composites Div.
Ferro Chemical, Div. of Ferro Corp.
Ferry Machine Co.
Fibco Plastics, Inc.
Fibercast Co., Div. Youngstown Sheet & Tile
Co.
Fiberfil Div., Dart Industries, Inc.
Fiberite Corp.
Fincor Div., North American Rockwell
Fine Organics, Inc.
Firestone Plastics Co., Div. Firestone Tire &
Rubber Co.
Firestone Synthetic Fibers Co.
Firestone Synthetic Rubber & Latex Co.
Fischer Blow Molding Equipment
Fischer 4 Porter Co.
Fischer Scientific Co.
Fischer-Voith Plastics Machines, Inc.
Fiellman American, Inc.
Flexible Products Co.
Flexiplast, Inc.
Flex-O-Glass, Inc., Plastics Div.
Flintkou Co.
Florin, Ltd.
Fluidyne Instrumentation
Fluorocarbon Co.
Ford Motor Co., Paint & Vinyl Operations
Formica Corp.
Formica. Ltd.
Fortin Laminating, Div. Monogram Industries,
Inc.
Fortin Plastics. Inc.
Faster Grant Co.
Fostoria-Fannon, Inc.
Foxboro Co.
Fox Valve Development Co.
Franklin Fibre-Lamitex.Corp.
Freeman Chemical Corp., Sub. H. H. Robertson
Co.
French Oil Mill Machinery Co.
Fried Novelties
Frieseke * Hoepfner GmbH'
Frilvam S.p.A.
Froendenberger Maschinen & Apparatebau
GmbH
Fudow Chemical Co.
Fuller Co.
Furane Plastics, Inc.
Furukawa Electric Co.
GAFCorp.
G.B.F. Costruzioni Meccanische S.p.A.
GKN Winder Ltd.
GSE. Inc.
Gammaflux, Inc.
Garden State Chemical
Gardner Laboratory, Inc.
GartMfg.Co.
Gelman, Herman A., Co.
Gem-0-Lite Plastics Corp.
General Color Co., Div. H. Kohnstamm Co.
General Engineering Co.
General Electric Co., Industrial Control Prod-
ucts Div.
General Electric Co., Industrial Sales Div.
General Electric Co., Insulating Materials
Dept.
General Electric Co., Laminated Products
Dept.
General Electric Co., Engineering Polymers
Product Dept.
General Electric Co., Plastic! Div.
General Electric Co., Noryl Operations
General Electric Co.. Silicon,; products Dept.
General Electric Plastic N'V
General Foam Plastics Corp.
General Industries Co.
General Instrument Corp., Semi Conductor
Div.
General Mills Chemicals, Inc.
General Plastics Corp.
General Plastics Mfg. Co.
General Tire & Rubber Co., Chemical Plastics
Div.
Genrran, Inc.
Getty Machine & Mold, Inc.
GiSord-Hill Co., Inc.
Oilman Bros. Co.
Glamorgan Pipe & Foundry Co.
Glassoloid Plastics, Inc.
Clastic Corp.
Glidden Pigments, SCM Corp.
Glitterex Corp.
Global Process Equipment, Inc.
Gloucester Engineering Co., Inc.
Gluco
Glyco Chemicals. Inc.
Gold Leaf & Metallic Powders, Inc.
Goodrich, B. F., Chemical Co.
Goodyear Aerospace Corp.
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Chemical Div.
Gould Inc., Electric Motor Div.
Grace. W.R.. & Co.. Construction Products Div.
Grace, W.R., & Co., Cryovac Div.
Grace, W.R., & Co.. Davison Chemical Div.
Grace. W.R.. & Co.. Ellay Rubber Div.
Grace. W.S.. & Co.. HatcoOemical Div.
Grace, W.R.. & Co., Marco Chemical Div.
Graham Engineering Corp.
Great Lakes Chemical Corp.
Great Lakes Foundry Sand Co., Mineral Prod-
ucu Div.
Guardian Chemical Corp.
Guardian Electric Mfg. Co.
480. Gulf Oil Chemicals Co., Gulf Adhesive*
481. Gulf Oil Chemicals, Plastics Div.
482. G-yrpmat Corp.
483. HTTCO. Defense Products Div.
484. Haake. Inc.
485. Hall, C.P., Co.
486. Hailikainen Instruments
487. Hammond Plastics. Inc.
489. Barrel, Inc.
490. Harshaw Chemical Co.. Div. Kewanee Oil Co.
491. Harte & Co., Inc., Sub. Diamond Shamrock
Corp.
492. Harvey Hubbell, Inc., Plastics Div.
493. Harwick Comical Corp.
494. Hasting Fifties. Inc.
495. Haveg Industries
495A. Hawley Products Co.
496. Haysite Div.. Synthane-Tayior Corp.
497. Hayssen Mfg. Co.
498. Heath Tecna Corp., Precision Structures Div.
499. Heil Process Equipment Corp.
499A. Helman Co., E. Div. U.S. Industries Inc.
500. Henkel. Inc., Chemical Specialties Div.
501. Henkel International GmbH
502. Herbert Associates. Ltd.
503. Herbert Machine Tools, Ltd.
504. Hercules. Inc.
507. Hightemp Resins. Inc.
508. Hillard Industry, inc.
509. Hills-McCanna Div.. pennwalt Corp.
510. Hilton-Davis Cheraic*! Cs.
511. Hitachi Chemkai Co.. Ltd.
512. Hobos Mfg. Co.. Davis 3-andard Div.
513. Hobbs-WUIiams Machinery, Ltd.
514. Hoke, Inc.
516. Hotnmel, 0., Co.
517. Honeywell, Apparatus Controls
518. Honeywell. Industrial Div.
519. Hooker Chemical Corp.
521. Hoover Ball & Bearing Co., Uniloy Div.
522. Hoover Ball & Bearing Co.. Reynolds Chemical
Products Div.
523. Horton Hydraulics. Div. Edward Horton Co.
524. Houghton, E.F., & Co.
525. Howard Industries. Inc.
526. Howe Industries, Inc.
527. Howell Industries. Inc.
328. Hull Corp.
529. Humphrey Chemicals Corp.
530. Hunkar Laboratories, Inc.
531. Hupfield Bros.
532. Husky Injection Molding Systems. Ltd.
533. Hydrates, Inc.
534. Hydrodynamics, American Instruments Co.,
Div. Travenot Lab., Inc.
535. Hysol Div., Dexter Corp.
S35A. IBM
536. ICI America, Inc.
S36A. ICI Lankro Piasticijers Ltd.
537. ICI Ltd., Plastics Div.
538. IRIS Corp., Sub American Silk Label Mfg. Co.
539. ITT Thompson. Plastics Div.
540. ITT Vulcan Electric
541. Idemitsu Petrochemical Co.
542. Identification Service Corp.
544. Ikegai Iron Works. Ltd.
546. lUig. Adolf. Maschinenbau
547. Ingersoll-SanoVNegri Bossi Div.
550. Incoe Corp.
551. Indev, Inc.
552. Indol Chemical Co.
553. Indussa Corp.
554. Industrial Chemical & Dve Co.. Inc.
554A. Industrial rH«!MtricsInc.
555. Industrial N'ucl—>nics Ccrp.
556. Industrial Picric & Eear:nr Sales Div.
557. Industrial Plastic Fabricators, Inc.
558. Industrial Te"ip»rature Control Co.
5S9. Industrial Tuner Corp.
560. Indu-trie-Wi>rke Karisruche A.G., Packasir-S
Machinery Div.
561. Infra Systems, Inc., Sub. Industrial Nucleonics
562. Infrared Industries, Inc., Electronics
663. lamont Corp.
564. Insulating Fabricators of New England. Inc.
567. International Foam Div., Holiday Inns of
America, Inc.
568. International Industrial Products Corp.
569. Interox Chemicals, Ltd.
570. Ihtcrplcstics Corp., Commercial Resins Div
571. Inttrstab, Ltd.
672. lonac Chemical Co., Div. of Sybron Corp.
573. Ircon, Inc.
574. Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd., International
Sales Dept.
575. Ishtkawajima-Harima Heaw Industries Co.,
Ltd., Industrial Machinery Div.
578. Island Co.
577. Isochem Resins Co.
578. Isola S.p.A.
579. Isola Werke AG
580. Iten Fibre Co.
581. JacoMfg. Co.
582. Jamieson Laboratories
582A. Japan Interetab Ltd.
583. Japan Steel Works, Ltd.
534. Jarecki Corp.
586. Jefferson Chemical Co., Inc.
586. Jeffrey Mfg. Co.
687. Jet Stream Plastics, Ralph Jones Co.
588. Joanna Western Mills Co., Plastic Fabric Div.
589. Johns-Manville
590. Johnson Plastics Machinery Div., Leesona
Corp.
latflAU* tram eh* Octet** 1»7» U.u. at Ito4«m Mutlcs
BwTCl*p«tla. caerriac UTt »y(M<«wUU bie.. U21 »«..
efcaTMerUai, UK lort. S.I. 10020. All rlsjiM ru.rvxl.'
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cont.)
591. tlotnar liwIwttncM. Inc.
592. Jordon Controls, Inc
593. JorUon Valve Uiv., RichardA Industries, foe.
594. Kallc Akticmn52. Lewis. J P.. Co
853. Lewis, G b.. Co
654. Lewis Welding & Engineering Corp.
656. Lion Precision Corf
657. Liquid Nitrogen Processing Corp
658. Lithium Corp. ol America, Sub. Gulf Resources
& Chemical Corp
659. Lotus, Inc
661. Love Controls Corp.
662. Lowey, Gene. Inc
664. Luchter Instruments
665. Lumar Optical Mfg Co . Inc.
666. Lumeca. S A
667. Lunn Laminates. Inc
668. MAS S.p.A.
669. MEK Chemical Co.. Inc.
670. M & N Modern Hydraulic Press Co.
671. M & Q Plastics Products
672. M K Plastics & Coatings. Inc.
673. M-K-S ChenitcaU. Inc.
674. M & T Chemicals. Inc.. Sub. American Can Co.
674A. M & T Ou-micnls Inc.. Apogee Products
675. Machine Factory & Foundry Ni'tstal. Ltd.
876. Machine Tail Works. Oerlikon Buhrlc Ltd
677. Mallmckrndt Chemical Works
677A. Manning Paper Div.. Hammerhill Paper Co.
67*. Marblrtte Corp
679. Morgohs. A.. & Sons
«BO. Marine I'lai-ticx, Div. Northern Petrochemical
Co.
682. Mnrlin Mfg. Corp.
6H3. Manm'snann-Mecr AC
<*4. Marplrx. W M K. a Hiiro Co.
6K.V Marschull Uiv. Mil,- Laboratories. Inc.
n«6. Masomte Corp
M7. MiusudaStMsakushoCo
I**. Matsushita F.li'Ctric Works. Ltd. Plastics
Molding lltt
KN9. Mains Controls Co
li!W. May & H.,k,T. 1.1,1
K9I. Mtivniint Mastics. Inc.. Div. Chelsea Industnes
•iiU. McKt'ssim Chrimral Co
695. McXeil-FF.MCO-.\U-N.-il Corp
H96. Mi-iirl Corp
697. Mn-hn Di-sign. Inc
IMH M,M»-n KHM-I KK
700. Mereco f'rnducts
7UI. Mrril Ch<>niinil Co
702. Merck Chemical Div.. Merck & Co. 8O6A.
70.1. MetalmcccHnica Plant S.p.A 807.
704. Mica Corp HOB
705. Michel. M . & Co.. Inc 809
706. Michigan Chemical Corp £10.
707. Michigan Chrome & Chemical Co. 811.
708. Midland-Ross Corp.. Martin-Machinery Uiv 811A.
708A. Midland Ross Corp.. Unit Plastics Uiv 812
709. Midwest Mfg. Corp 812A
710. Mihac. Inc. 813
711. Miller. Harry, Corp JJ14
712. Mlllmastcr Onyx Corp. 815
714. Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co 81S
715. Mitsubishi Monsanto Chemical Co. H17.
716. Mitsubishi Plastics industries, Ltd. 81B.
717. Mitsubishi Kayon Co 819
718. Mosul Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. 820
718A. Mitral Tnatsu Chemicals. Inc. 822
719. Mohay Chemical Co.. Div. Baychcm Corp 823
720. Mobil Chemical Co.. films Uept. 824
722. Mobil Chemical Co.. Industrial Chemical* H25
723. Mobil Oil Cm p »^7
724. MooVrn Controls, Inc 827A.
725. Modern Plastics Machinery Corp., Injection H28
Molding Uu 829
726. Moi iHdckaguif! Industries Sales Corp -US. 830
rep.i
727. Mokon Div., Protective Closures Co. 831
728. Molded Fiber Glass Co 832
729. Molex Products Co. 833
730. Monitor Equipment Corp 834.
731. Monitor Mfg.. Inc 8J5
732. Mono-Sol Div.. Chris Craft Industries, Inc. 8:)6.
733. Montrose Chemical Uiv., Sobm Chemicals, Inc. 837.
734. Mooney Chemicals, Inc. 839
735. Moore & Munger. Inc 840
736. Monmouth Plastics, Inc Ml
738. Monsanto industrial Chemicals Co. 842.
739. Montedison b.p.A 842A.
739A. Monti & Martini b.p.A 843.
739B. Morrell. George. Corp 843A.
740. Morgan Industries, Inc. 344
741. Moms Enterpriaeti 845.
742. Morrison Industnes. hu.. 846
742A. Morrison Mnldcd r iber Glass Co. 847.
743. Morton Cnenucal Co., Uiv. Morton-Norwich 848
Products, Inc 849.
744. Moslo Machinery Co 850
745. MotionInmcatingUevices.ini:. 851
746. Mount Vernon Mills, Inc. 85.3
747. Mycalex. Uiv Spaulding r ibre Co , Inc. 867
748. N L Industries, Industrial Chemicals Uiv. 858
749. N L Industries. Titanium Pigments Uiv Sb'O.
750. NRM Corp.. Sub. Condec Corp 861
750A. NV Chemische r abnek v/h Ur A. Haagen 862
751. NVKCo.. Molded Products Uiv 863
751 A. NVF Co., Technical Products Uiv 864
752. National Automatic Tool Co. 865
753. National Industrial Chemical Co 866
754. National Tel- Ironies Uiv., Eastern Air Devices 867.
Co. 868.
75S. NatvarCoip 869
757. Nelmor Co . Inc., Sub. Entwistle Co 870.
758. Neville Chemical Co 871
759. Nevillc-Synthese Organics. Int 871A.
760. New Arden Chemical Corp 872.
761. N'«w Britain Plastics Machine Uiv., Litton M72A.
Industrial Products. Inc 873
762. New England Butt Co.. Utv. Wanskuck Co. 874
763. New England Plastics Cwu 875
764. Newbury Industries. Inc. 876
765. New England Laminates Co.. Inc 877.
766. New Jersey /me Co., a Gulf & Western Co. 878.
767. Nichem 879
767A. Nlcolet Industries. Inc. 880
767B. Nippon Steel Chemical Ltd. 881
768. Nippon /.eon Co.. Ltd N82
769. Nissei Plastics Industrial Co 883
769A. Nitto Elvctnc Industries Co.. Ltd. 884
770. Nopco Chemical Uiv.. Diamond Shamrock XH5
Chemical Co. 886
771. None Co.. Inc. 887.
772. Norcross Co 88S
773. Nordbcrg Machinery Group. Kcsnord Inc. 890
774 Nordisk Klisnlutlan AB S91
774A. Normandy Products Co. MiK2.
775. Norplej l)iv.. Universiil Oil Product* 895
776. Norst* Lahiirutoriea H95A.
77S. Nonhmt fVtrochi-miciil Co 8%
77» Nonhliind Plastics. Inc 897
780. Norton Co.. Plastics A Synthetic* Div 89H
781. Norton Laboratories, Inc. 899.
782. Noury Chemical Corp 900.
78:1. Noury Jit van ilvr Ijinde NV 901.
7»4 Nouvrltc Miiprr S A 902
7^5. Novamont Corp 903.
787. SupU Corp 90:lA.
7KK. Nylrnr Corp 904.
7^9. N'vton Engimvring. Inc 905.
790 Nypel. Inc 906.
791. Omcme Mt-ccnniche Verom-si 9UH.
792. Oild.-n Sillcs. Inc
794. Ohn Corp.. Chi-niKHl Div 909.
795. Olmforp 911.
796. Ohn Corp . MnMirs Div 912.
797. Olympiu T>»l Si Machine Co. ilia.
79rt. Oliuvii Kn^iiiferuiK'. hu. 914.
799. Optinm Cht'miciil, Uiv. Uynulysis Inc 91ti.
Ht)0 Optimum Mm-hiner)'Salt's, Ltd t*16A.
HOI. Orbit. Inc 917.
HO'.'. Orl.it.'X. Inc 91M.
H03. On* & Chi'lliiciit Corp
K05 Omik.i So.1,1 Co »>'•>
(HXj. Osburn Mf|E. Corp »20.
Otahte Co.. Ltd
Owens*Cornini{ Kibcrgla* Corp
PKIWrVon Color. Inc
PPG Industn*^*. Inc.. Chemical Uiv.
PPG Industries. Inc., Coating & Kesins Uiv.
PVO International, Inc
Pacific Plastic Pipe C,.
Pacific Kt-sins & Chemicals. Inc., Plastics Div.
Pacific Vegetable Oil Corp
Package Machinery Co.. Rced-Prontlce Uiv
Packaging Industrie Sales Corp.
Pak-A-Matic Equipment. Ltd.
Pall Cm p
Pan Chemical Corp
Pantasflte Co
Paramount Industnes, Inc
Parnall fit Sons. Liu
Partlow Corp
Pasadena Hydraulics. Inc
Pa.ssaic Color & Chemical Co
Pathex iCatiadal Ltd
Penrsall (Jhcnncal Co
Peerless Plastics, liu
Pelron (. tit p
Pemco Products. SCM Corp.
Penick. SB. & Co.. Parsons-Plymouth Chemi-
cal Group
Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp
Pennwalt Corp., Harchem Div
Pennwalt Corp., Lucidol Uiv
Pennwalt Corp.. Plastics IJept
Penreco, Inc.. Uiv of Pennzoil Co
Permall, Inc
Perstnrp AH It ack. Industrial Products Uiv.
Pfizer Inc.. Special Chemicals Uept.
PSzerlnc.MPMDn.
Philadelphia Gear Corp
Philadelphia quartz Co
Philips. NV
Phillips Petroleum Co
Phillips Products Uiv.. Phillips Petroleum Co.
Photocell Co . tm.
PierrvfiUe-Auby S.A
Pigment Llispersion, Inc
Plamvo GmbH
Plastex Co.. Uiv. .Standard Oil ol Ohio
Plastics Equipment & Assessones Co., Ltd.
Plastic Fabrication. Inc.
Plastics Laminating Corp
Plastic Molders Supplv Co
Plastics Engineering Co
Plasticolors. Inc.
Hlastiloam Corp
Ptastigage Corp
Ptastimac ».r I
Plastimution. Inc
Plastuner, S.A.
Plasti-Vac, Inc.
Plastomer Corp
Plumb Chemical Corp
Podell Industries. Ini
Poioron Products. 1m
Pulychemical Co.. Lu
Poly Foam. Inc
Polygon Co.. IHv. Plas-vSteel Products Inc.
Poly-Ptax Films, Inc
Polychenucals. Uiv. of Stepan Chemical Co.
Polychrome Dispersions, Inc
Polymer Corp.. Poiypenco Div
Polymer Dispersion Industries
Polymer Machinery Corp
Polyplastex United, ini
Polyplasttcs Co.. Ltd.
Polysar Plastics. Inc
Polytex Industrial r inishes Corp.
Polytherm plastics, Div. Polysar Plastics, Inc.
Porter. H K. Co
Potters Industries. Inc-
Power Instrument & Control Supply Corp.
Precision Laminates Corp
Precision Polymers. Inc
Premier Thermo Plastics Co.
Premix. Inc.
Price-Driscoll Corp
Pndvaux. Don. & As>oc
Princo Instruments. Inc
Products it Systems Mfg Co.
Pultrusions Corp
Purethane Uiv.. Easton KS Corp
Pylam Proilucts Ci>
P>'roniet«T Instruinent Co
Pyro-St-rv liistninifnt Co
Quaker Oats Co.. I hpmicals Div
Quinn. K.J., Ht Co
RilK Corp
RPM Safes. Inc
Radiation Technology. Inc.
Rainier Plvwood Co
ranwille Co
Ram CrM-micals
Kavbt^stos Manhattan. Inc., Equipment Sales
Div
Kiiyt'ht'tn Corp.. Phtslirs & Chcmicnls Uiv
Hinti Plastics Corp
Ri'i'\«» K lt*ii run it's. Inc.
Hiwcs Hnw . inc.
Kit'vt-* Hnw. i'miitilii. l.ui-
Kfhnu I'lnstics of Cimmlii Ltd
Koirhhold t'hrnncals, lite.
KeichhnUl ChrniK-Hls, Inc.. Rt-mforcwi
Div
Ki»ift'nhniiMi>r U.S SiitfN Corp
H, Inc.
1974
tter«UM
-------
Table B-l. PRODUCT LIST (Cent.)
921. Reiss Associates, Inc.
923. Rempac Foam Corp.
924. Ren Plastics
925. Resart-IHM AG
926. Research. Inc.
926A. Resopal Werk H. Rommler GmbH
927. Reynolds Metals Co.. Packaging & Can Oiv.
928. Rexene Polymers Co., Div. pan Industries,
Inc.
928A. Rex Roto Corp.
929. Rezolin, Div. Hexcel
930. Rheinstahl AG Maschinbau, Henschel Plastics
Machinery
931. Rheinstahl Plastics International, Ltd.
932. Rheinische Stahlwerke Maschinenbau
933. Rhodia, Inc., Polvimide Div.
934. Rhone-Poulenc-Textile
935. Rhone-Poulenc, Soc. des Usines Chemiques
936. Richardson Co., Polvmeric Systems Div.
937. Ridat Engineering Co.
938. Rika Kogyo Co.
940. Rilsan Corp.
940A. Risho Kogyo, Ltd.
941. Riverdale Color Corp.
942. Robertshaw Controls Co., Fulton Sylphon Div.
943. Robertshaw Controls Co., Industrial Instru-
mentation Div.
944. Robintech, Inc.
945. Rocheleau Tool & Die Co.
947. Rodgers Plastics Equipment Div., Package
Machinery Co.
948. Rogers Anti-Static Chemicals, Inc.
949. Rogers Corp.
950. Rohm & Haas Co.
951. Rolenn Mfg.
952. Rolf Kestermann Maschinenfabrik
953. Rona Pearl Div,. Whittaker Corp.
954. Rosemount, Inc.
955. Rostone Corp.
956. Rowland Products, Inc.
957. Royal Plastics Corp.
958. Rovte, John, & Sons
959. Ruoatex Corp.
960. Rubbermaid Industrial Products Corp.
961. Ruco Div., Hooker Chemical Corp.
962. Rumianca S.p.A.
963. Ruscoe, W.J., Co.
963A. S. F. Plastics, Inc.
964. SGL Industries, Inc.
965. SEDEL
966. SIEMAG. Siengener Maschinenbau GmbH,
Plastics Processing Machinery Dept.
967. S.P.R.E.A.
968. S.&S. Machinery Co., Div. New Machine Tool
969. S&mafor
970. Sandoz Colors & Chemicals
971. Sandretto F.lli
972. Sangamo Electric Co.
973. Sangamo Weston Controls, Ltd.
974. Sanjo Seiki Co.
974A. Sanyu Resin Co.. Ltd.
975. Savage Mfg. & Sales. Inc.
976. Schenectady Chemicals, Inc.
977. Schloemann-Siemag
978. Schori Process Corp.
979. Schramm Fiberglass Products, Div. High
Strength Plastics Corp.
980. Schulman, A.. Inc.
982. Scon Bader Co.
983. Scott Paper Co., Foam Div.
984. Scranton Plastic Laminating, Inc.
984A. SedcoCorp.
9S5. Sedo Corp.
996. Seidl Maschinemabrik KG
937. Seismograph Service Corp., Seiscor Div.
988. Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.. Foam Products
Div.
989. Senshey, Inc.. Div. Nihon Dennetsu Keiki Co.
WO. Scnsotec, Inc.
990A. Seminei/Triulzi (Packaging Industries Inc.—
U.S.rep.)
991. 7-K Color Corp.
992. Shakespeare Co.
993. Shamban, W.S.. & Co.
994. Shaw, Francis, & Co.
995. Shell Chemical Co.
995A. Shell International Chemical Co., Ltd.
996. Shepherd Chemical Co.
997. Sherwin Williams Chemicals, Div. Sherwin-
Williams Co.
998. Shima Trading Co., Ltd.
998A. Shin-Etsu Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.
999. Shin-Kobe Electric Machinery Co., Ltd.
1000. Showa Denko Co., Ltd.
1000A. Showa Highpolymer Co., Ltd.
1001. Showa Yuka K.'K.
1002. Shuman Co.
1003. Sigma Instruments I Canada), Ltd.
1004. Siberline Mfg. Co.
1005. Simco Co.
1006. Simplomatic Mfg. Co.
1007. Simpson Electric Co., Div. American Gage &
Machine Co.
1008. Simpson Extruded Plastics
1010. Singer Co.. Climate Control Div.
10U. Singer Co.. GPE Controls u;v
1012. Slocum Industries, Plastic Machinery Div.
1013. Smith Chemical & Color Co., Inc.
1014. Sobin Chemicals, Inc.
1015. Societa Italiana Resine
101SA. Societe La Cellophane
1016. Solar Chemical Corp. 1109.
1017. Solid Controls, Inc. 1110.
1018. Solvay & Cie S.A. 1111.
1018A. Some Industries, Inc. 1112.
1018B. Somar Mfg. Co., Ltd. 1113.
1019. Sommer. Dr. Ing. Fritz, Nachf 1114.
1020. Sommers Plastic Products Div., Whittaker 1115.
Corp. 1116.
1022. Spaulding Fibre Co., Industrial Plastics Div. 1117.
1023. Spaulding Fibre Co., Insurok Div.
1024. Specialty Products Co. 1118.
1025. Spectra-Polymer. Inc. 1119.
1026. Square D Co. 1123.
1027. St. Joe Mineral' Corp. 1124.
1028. St. Lawrence Hydraulic Co. 1125.
1029. Stallman, M.H., Co. 1126.
1030. Stanchel Engineering Co. 1127.
1031. Stauffer Chemical Co., Specialty Chemicals 1128.
Div. 1129.
1031A. Stauffer Chemical Co., SWS Silicones Div. 1130.
1032. Stepan Chemical Co. 1131.
1033. Stepan Chemical Co., Resin Dept. 1132.
1034. Sterling, Inc.
1035. Sterling Controls, Inc., Div. National Mfg. Co. 1134.
1036. Sterling/Davis Electric 1134A.
1037. Sterling Extruder Corp. 1135.
1038. Sterling Div., Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. 1136.
1038A. Stevens Paper Mills, Inc. U36A.
1039. Stewart Boiling & Co., Div. Intercoole Automa- 1137.
tion. Inc. 1138.
1040. Sticht, Herman, H., Co. 1139.
1041. Stokes Div., Pennwalt Corp. 1140.
1042. Strong Plastics, Inc. 1141.
1043. Structural Fiberglass, Inc. 1142.
1044. StruxCorp. 1143.
1046. Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd. 1144.
1047. Sumitomo Chemical Co.
1047A. Sumitomo Naugatuck Co., Ltd. 1145.
1048. Sun Chemical Corp.. Chemicals Div. {146.
1049. Sun Chemical Corp., Pigments Div. 1147.
1050. Sund-Akesson AB 1148.
1051. Sund-Borg Machines Corp. 1148A.
1052. Sunshine Scientific Instruments, Inc. 1150.
1053. Swedlow, Inc. 1151.
1054. Swift Chemical Co. 1152.
1055. Swiss Insulating Works. Ltd. 1153.
1057. Synthane-Taylor Corp., an Alto Standard Co. 1154.
1058. Synthetic Products Co., Div. Dan Industries, 1155.
Inc. 1156.
1059. Synres-Almoco V. 1157.
1060. Syscon International. Inc. 1158.
1061. Szekely. 3., & Sons Co. 1159.
1062. Tabata Industrial Machinery Co. 1160.
1062A. Taita Chemical Co.. Ltd. 1160A.
1063. Talley Industries. Inc. 1161.
1064. Tamms Industries Co.. Chemical Div. 1161A.
1065. Tanabe Plastics Machinery Co.
1066. Tavannes Machines Co., S'.A. 1162.
1068. Taylor Instrument Process Control Div., Sy- 1163.
bron Corp. 1164.
1068A. Tec-Air, Inc. 1185.
1069. Techni-Search, Inc. 1166.
1069A. Teijin Chemicals, Ltd. 1168.
1070. Teknor Apex Co. 1168A.
1071. Teledyne Taber 1169.
1072. Tennant.C., Sons. & Co. of N.Y.. Onmi Div. 1170.
1073. Tenneco Advanced Materials, Inc. 1171.
1074. Tenneco Chemicals, Inc., Tenneco Intermediate 1172.
Div. 1173.
1076. Tenor Co. 1174.
1077. Testing Machines. Inc. 1174A.
1078. Tetrahedron Associates, Inc. 1175.
1079. Texstar Plastics
1079A. Tex-Trude, Inc. 1175A.
1080. Thalco, Unigiass Industries. Div. United Mer-
chants & Mf?3.. lac. 1175B.
1081. Thermal Systems, Inc.
1082. Thermo Cote, Inc. 1176.
1083. Thermo Electric 1177.
1084. ThennoSl, Inc. 1177A.
1085. Thennoforming,S.p.A. 1178.
1086. Thermoform Tooling Co. 1179.
1087. Thermtrol Corp. 1180.
1088. Thiokoi Chemical Corp., Chemical Div. 1181.
1089. Thoreson-McCosh, Inc. 1182.
1090. 3M Co. 1183.
1091. Thundering Banshee Research & Development
Corp. 1184.
1091A. Ticona Fnlymerwerke GmbH 1185.
1092. Tioxide of Canada. Ltd. 11S6.
1093. Tohoku Polymers Co. 1187.
1094. Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Chemical Prod- 1188.
ucts Div. 1189.
1094A. Toray Industries, Inc. 1190.
1094B. Toray Silicone Co., Ltd. 1191.
1095. Toshiba Machine Co. 1192.
1095A. Toyobo Co., Ltd.
1096. Toyo Kaeaku Co. 1193.
1097. Toyomenka (America), Inc., Machinery Dept. 1194.
1098. Tra-Con, Inc.
1100. Transmares Corp. 1195.
1101. Triuki S.p.A. 1196.
1102. Trubor Mfg. Co. 1197.
1103. Tmcbtood.'lnc. 1198.
'.104. Tr> ion Chemicals Div.. Emery • i-istries 1199.
1 lOo. Turrv-T Ma^huuirv, Ltu. 1200.
1106. Tyler Machinery "Co. 1202.
1107. UCB s.a.. Chemical Div. 1203.
1107A. UCB-Ftal 1204.
1108. UOP Chemical Div., Universal Oil Products 1205.
Co. 1206.
USI-CIearing, Div. U
USM Corp., Machinery lUv.
USS Chemicals, Div. US. Steel Corp.
Ube Cycon, Ltd.
Ugine Kuhlman of America, Inc.
Uhiich, Paul, it Co.
Uniloy Div., Hoover Ball & Bearing Co.
Union Camo Corp.
Union Carbide Corp., Chemicals & Plastics
Div.
Union Carbide Corp., Films-Packaging Div.
Uniroyal, Inc.
Unitfrd Elect "ic Controls Co.
United F.rjam Corp.
United Mineral & Chemical Corp.
United Plastics Corp.
Unite j Sensor & Control Corp.
U.S. Sara i Chemical Corp.
U.S. Bronze Powders, Inc.
U.S. Chemical & plastics
U.S. Gypsum Co.
U.S. Industrial Chemicals Co.. Div. National
Distillers & Chemicals Corp.
U.S. Peroxygen Div.. Witco Chemical Corp.
U S. Pipe & Foundry Co.
C.S. Polymeric. Div. ARMCO Steel Corp.
U.S. Synthetics Corp.
Unitika. Ltd.
Universal Dvnamics Corp.
Universal Machinery & Equipment Co.
Universal Oil Products Co.. Chemical Div.
Upjohn Co., CPR Div.
Upjohn Co., Polvmer Chemicals Div.
Valchem Div., United Merchants ic Mfrs.. Inc.
Vallev Metallurgical Processing Co. of N.J.
Van Dorn Plastics Machinery Co., Div. Van
DornCo.
Vunderbill, R. T.. Co., Vanstay Dept.
Velsicol Chemical Corp.
Ventrpn Corp., Chemicals Div.
Veresit Sacin
Verson Allsteel Press Co.
Vickers Div., Sperry Rand Corp.
Victory Engineering Corp.
Viram Corp.
Vinylplex, Inc.
Vistron Corp., Film Div.
Vistron Corp.. Sub. Standard Oil Core, of Ohio
Voltek, Inc.
WER Industrial. Div. Emerson Electric Co.
Wabash Metal Products Co.
Wacker-Chemie GmbH
Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Wakeneld Engineering, Inc.
Wallace & Tiernan Div., Pennwalt Corp.
Ward, Blenkinsop & Co., Ltd., (Aceto Chemi-
cals-U.S. rep.)
Ware Chemical Corp.
Warren Components Corp.
Watson-Standard Co.
Wayne Machine i Die Co.
Weather Measure Corp.
Weed Instrument Co.
Wehco Plastics. Inc.
Welding Engineers. Inc.
Weldotron Corp.
Welex, Inc.
Wellman, Inc., Plastics Div.
Werner & Pfleiderer Corp.
West Instrument Div.. Gulton Industries, Inc.
Western Pla*t:c= Crt
Westinghouse EtecUic Corp.. I-viutsriaJ Plas-
tics Div.
Westinghouse Electric Corp.. Distribution &
Control Equipment Div.
Westinghouse Elect fie Carp.. InsuUtina Male-
rials Div.
Westlake Plastics Co.
Weston Chemical, Div. Borg-Warner Corp.
Westvaco Co.
Westwood Chemical Co.
Wheaton Industries, General Machinery Div.
White Chemical Co.
Whitlock. Inc.
Whittaker, Clark & Daniels. Inc.
Whittaker Corp., Lenoir Coatings & Resins
Div.
Whittaker Corp., Mol-Rez Div.
Whittaker Corp.. R & D Div.
Whittaker Corp.. Thermoplastics Div.
Wiegand, Edwin I... Div. F.ner-OT. Electric Co.
Williams International, Inc.
Williamson Corp.
Williams-White & Co.
Wilson Instrument. Div. Acco
Wilson-Martin Div., Wilson Pharmaceutical
Chemical Corp.
Wilson Products Co., Div. Dart Industries. Inc.
Witco Chemical Corp., Isocyaitate Products
Div.
Witco Chemical Corp . prcar.ics Div.
Witco Chemical Gsrp., i'or-'.-ntr Di\ ,
Woodall Industries, inc.
Woodward Plnstu- Corp.
Wright, P.M.. Electrical Co
XCEL Corp.
Yarway Corp.
Zed Industries
Zenith Products Co.
Zeus Industrial Products, Inc.
Zurn Industries, EEMCO Div.
*1»9riac*4 from eh* October 1974 IIHM of NcwUtrj n**Eias
a£ tha AoBriui, S«v York, H.Y. 10020. All rlghe* r««*rv«i-"
50
-------
APPENDIX C
COMPANY PRODUCT LIST
51
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Akzona, Inc.
Armak Co. subsid.
Armak Indust. Chems. Div.
Philadelphia, PA
on
ro
Ashland Oil, Inc.
Ashland Chem. Co., div.
Chem. Products Div.
Mapleton, IL
2-Butoxyethyl oleate
2-Butoxyethyl stearate
n-Butyl oleate
n-Butyl stearate
Dibutyl tartrate
Ethylene glycol monomethyl
ether stearate
Isobutyl palmitate
Isobutyl stearate
Isopropyl myristate
Isopropyl oleate
Isopropyl palmitate
Isopropyl stearate
Ricinoleic and acetylricinoleic
acid esters (unspecified)
n-Butyl stearate
Isopropyl myristate
Isopropyl palmitate
Polymeric plasticizers
Triethylene glycol di
(caprylate-caprate)
*Source:
Source:
Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
Chemical Economics Handbook, 1974
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Company*
Location*
Products*
BASF Wyandotte Corp.
Colors and Chems. Group
Borg-Warner Corp.
Borg-Warner Chems.
Chemicals Div.
Chemical & Pollution Sciences,
Inc.
CPS Chem. Co. Div.
Kearny, NJ
Morgantown, WV
Old Bridge, NJ
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Triphenyl phosphate
Butyl cyclohexyl phthalate
36
on
CO
CPC International Inc.
S. B. Penick & Co., div.
Parsons-Plymouth Div.
Chemol, Inc.
Cindet Chems., Inc.
Continental Oil Co.
Conoco Chems. Div.
Lyndhurst, NJ
Greensboro, NC
Greensboro, NC
Aberdeen, MS
Isopropyl myristate
Isopropyl palmitate
Isopropyl stearate
n-Butyl oleate
n-Butyl stearate
Glyceryl monostearate
n-Butyl oleate
Phthalic anhydride esters
(unspecified)
14
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
^Source: Chemical Economics Handbook, 1974
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company^'
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Cyclo Chemicals Corp.
Diamond Shamrock Corp.
Diamond Shamrock Chem. Co,
Process Chems. Div.
Miami, FL
Cedartown, GA
CJl
Charlotte, NC
Harrison, NJ
Richmond, CA
Diisohexyl decyl adipate
n-Butyl stearate
Glyceryl monoricinoleate
Isobutyl oleafee
Isobutyl palmitate
Isobutyl stearate
1,2-Propylene glycol mono-
ricinoleate
n-Butyl oleate
n-Butyl stearate
n-Butyl stearate
Glyceryl monoricinoleate
Isobutyl oleate
Isobutyl palmitate
Isobutyl stearate
1,2-Propylene glycol mono-
ricinoleate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Dibutyl sebacate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) glycolate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Diamond Shamrock Corp.
Diamond Shamrock Chem. Co.
Process Chems. Div.(Cont.) Richmond, CA
en
en
Do.w Chem. U.S.A.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Eastman Chem. Products,
Inc., subsid.
Tennessee Eastman Co.,
div.
Midland, MI
Kingsport, TN
Di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate
Di n-octyl adipate
Glyceryl monoricinoleate
Iso-octyl isodecyl adipate
Sebacic acid esters (un-
specified)
Di-tert-octyldiphenyl oxide
Isopropylidenediphenoxy-
propanol
n-butyl n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Di (2-methoxyethyl) phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Polymeric plasticizers
Sucrose acetate isobutyrate
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
Source: chemical Economics Handbook, 1974
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*^
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
en
Eastman Kodak Co.
Eastman Chem. Products,
Inc., subs id.
Tennessee Eastman Co.,
div. (Cont.)
•*• ->.--
EastmiSh- vKodak
Eastman Chem. Products,
Inc., subs id.
Texas Eastman Co.,
d±v.
El Paso Natural Gas Co.
El Paso Products Co.,
subs id.
Emkay Chem. Co.
Emery Indust., Inc.
Kingsport, TN
Longview, TX
Odessa, TX
Elizabeth, NJ
Cincinnati, Ohio
Triacetin
Triethyl phosphate
Tri-n-octyl trimellitate
Tripropionin
224 Trimethyl pentanediol-
1,3-diisobutyrate
Dimethyl adipate
Isopropyl myristate
Bis (hydroxyethyl) azelate
Bis (hydroxyethyl) dimerate
n-Butyl stearate
Di (2 ethylbutyl) azelate
Diethylene glycol dinonanoate
Di-n-hexyl azelate
18
*Source: Directory p_f Chemical Producers, 1976
Source: Chemical Economics Handbook, 1974
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Emery Indust., Inc.(Cont.)
Cincinnati, Ohio
en
Emery Ind. Inc.,
Western Operations
City of
Commerce, CA
Diisodecyl azelate
Diiso-octyl azelate
Dimethyl azelate
Dimethyl tridecanoate
Dipropylene glycol dinonan-
oate
Epoxidized esters (un-
specified)
Glyceryl mono-oleate
Glyceryl trioleate
Isodecylnonanoate
Isopropyl isostearate
Isopropyl myristate
Isopropyl oleate
Isopropyl palinitate
Propylene glycol dinonanoate
Polymeric plasticizers
n-Propyl oleate
Tetrahydrofurfuryl oleate
Triethylene glycol dinonanoate
Trimethylol propane trinon-
anoate
Methyl octadecadienoate
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Comp any*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Exxon Corp.
Exxon Chem. Co., div
Exxon Chem. Co. U.S.A.
Baton Rouge, LA
FMC Corp.
Chem Group
Indust. Chem. Div.
Nitro, WV
en
00
Diisodecyl phthalate
Diisohexyl phthalate
Diisononyl phthalate
Di tridecyl phthalate
Triisononyl trimellitate
Cresyl diphenyl phosphate
Triaryl phosphate, mixed
Tri (2-butoxyet;hyl) phosphate
Tri-p-cresyl phosphate
Tri-n-butyl phosphate
Triisopropylphenyl phosphate
Trixylyl phosphate
59"
29* (1975)
Givaudan Corp.
Chems. Div.
Bayport, TX
Clifton, NJ
Epoxidized soya oils
Isopropyl myristate
Isopropyl palmitate
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers. 1976
"^Source: Chemical Economics Handbook, 1974
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
en
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Glyco Chems., Inc.
The B. F. Goodrich Co.
B. F. Goodrich Chem. Co.,
div.
W. R. Grace & Co.
Hatco Group
Hatco Chemical Div.
Williamsport, PA
Avon Lake, OH
Fords, NJ
Guardsman Chems., Inc.
Grand Rapids, MI
Glyceryl monoricinoleate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Di (2-ethlyhexyl) phthalate
Diisodecyl phthalate
n-Butyl 2-ethylhexyl
phthalate
n-Butyl isodecyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Diisobutyl adipate
Diisobutyl phthalate
Diisodecyl adipate
Diisodecyl phthalate
Dimethyl adipate
Dimethyl sebacate
Polymeric plasticizers
Tri (2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate
Polymeric plasticizers
16
113
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
+Source: Chemical Economics Handbook. 1974
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
The C. P. Hall Co.
Chicago, IL
CT>
o
2-Butoxyethyl oleate
Butoxyethyl pelargonate
n-Butyl oleate
n-Butyl stearate
Di (2-butoxyethyl) sebacate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Dibutyl sebacate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) azelate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate
Diisobutyl adipate
Diisobutyl azelate
Diisodecyl adipate
Diiso-octyl adipate
Diiso-octyl azelate
Glycerol diacetate
Glyceryl monoricinoleate
Glyceryl trioleate
Laurie acid esters (un-
specified)
Polyglycol phthalate esters
Polymeric plasticizers
Sebacic acid esters
Triethylene glycol di
(caprylate-caprate)
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Comp any*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Henkel Inc.
Standard Chem. Products
Div.
Hercules, Inc.
Synthetics Dept.
E. F. Houghton & Co.
Inolex Corp.
INOLEX Chem & Personal
Care Div . ';•
Charlotte, NC
Louisiana, MO
Philadelphia, PA
South San Francisco,
CA
Philadelphia , PA
n-Butyl stearate
Polymeric plasticizers
Glyceryl mono-oleate
Glyceryl monostearate
Glyceryl monotallate
Glyceryl monostearate
Glyceryl monotallate
Adipic acid esters (un-
specified)
2-Butoxyethyl stearate
n-Butyl oleate
n-Butyl stearate
Glyceryl mono-oleate
Glyceryl monostearate
Glyceryl trioleate
Iso-octyl palmitate
Isopropyl myristate
^Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
+Source: Chemical Economics Handbook, 1974
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
ro
Inolex Corp.
INOLEX Chem & Personal
Care Div (Cont.)
Philadelphia , PA
International Minerals
& Chem. Corp.
Chem. Group
Sobin Chems., Inc., Subsid.
Montrose Chem. Div. Newark, NJ
International Minerals
& Chem. Corp.
Chem. Group
Commercial Solvents Corp.,
subsid. Terre Haute, IN
Isopropyl oleate
Isopropyl palmitate
Isopropyl stearate
Polymeric plasticizers
n-Propyl oleate
Tri (2-ethylhexyl) trimel-
litate
Cresyl diphenyl phosphate
Dimethyl isophthalate
Tri-p-cresyl phosphate
n-Butyl stearate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Tri-n-butyl phosphate
5*
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
CT>
CO
Interstab Chems. Inc.
Kay-Fries Chems. Inc.
Kewanee Indust., Inc.
Millmaster Onyx Corp.,
subs id.
A. Gross and Co., div.
New Brunswick, NJ
Stony Paint, NY
Newark, NJ
Di-n-hexyl phthalate
Octylene glycol diglycolate
Octyl epoxy tallate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
n-Butyl oleate
n-Butyl stearate
Glyceryl mono-oleate
Glyceryl monostearate
Glyceryl trioleate
n-Propyl oleate
Monsanto Co.
Monsanto Indust. Chems.
Co.
Bridgeport, NJ
n-Butyl benzyl phthalate
Iso-octyl benzyl phthalate
>225
Everett, MA
Dicyclohexyl phthalate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Isobutyl cyclohexyl phthalate
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
+Source: Chemical Economics Handbook, 1974
** Estimated total capacity for all locations, includes 23 Gg/yr for phosphates.
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*^
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Monsanto Co.
Monsanto Indust. Chems .
Co.
St. Louis, MO
Sauget, IL
Butyl chloroacetate
n-Butyl phthalyl butyl
glycolate
N-Cyclohexyl-p-toluene-
sulfonamide
Diethyl phthalate
Diisobutyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Diphenyl phthalate
Ethyl-phthalyl ethyl gly-
colate
N-Ethyl o- and p-toluene-
sulfonamide
Methyl phthalyl ethyl
glycolate
Phenoxy plasticizers
Cresyl diphenyl phosphate
Tri-p-cresyl phosphate
Triphenyl phosphate
23* (1975)
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Monsanto Co.
Monsanto Indust. Chems.
Co.
Texas City, TX
N. L. Indust. Inc.
Ind. Chems. Div.
Bayonne, NJ
cr>
en
National Starch and Chem. Corp.
Proctor Chem. Co., subsid Salisbury, NC
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di(heptyl, nonyl, undecyl)
phthalate
Diundecyl phthalate
Butyl acetoxystearate
n-Butyl acetylricinoleate
n-Butyl ricinoleate
Ethylene glycol monohydroxy
stearate.
Ethylene glycol monoricinoleate
Glyceryl tri (acetylricin-
oleate)
Glyceryl triacetyl stearate
Glyceryl tri (9-epoxy-12-
acetoxys tearate)
Methyl acetylricinoleate
Methyl octadecadienoate
Pentaerythritol monoricinoleate
Propylene glycol monohydroxy-
stearate
n-Butyl stearate
2-Ethylhexyl stearate
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*^
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
OS
Neville Chem. Co.
Northwest Indust. Inc.
Velsicol Chem. Corp.,
subs id.
Anaheim, CA
Neville Island, PA
Chattanooga, TN
Occidental Petroleum Corp.
Hooker Chem. Corp.,
subsid
RUCO subsid.
Hicksville, NY
Coumarone-indene plasticizer
Coumarone-indene plasticizer
Di-ethylene glycol dibenzoate
Dipropanediol dibenzoate
Neopentyl glycol dibenzoate
Polyethylene glycol dibenzoate
Triethylene glycol dibenzoate
Tri methylolethane tribenzoate
Di(2 ethylhexyl) adipate
Diisodecyl adipate
Diisodecyl maleate
n-Octyl n-decyl trimellitate
Polymeric plasticizers
Triethylene glycol dica-
prylate
Triethylene glycol di (capryl-
ate-caprate)
Tri (2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate
Tri isononyl trimellitate
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
Source: Chemical Economics Handbook, 1974
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Occidental Petroleum Corp.
Hooker Chem. Corp., subsid.
Hooker Chems. and Plastics
Corp., subsid.
Electrochemical and
Specialty Chems. Div.
Pfizer, Inc.
Chems. Div.
Niagara Falls, NY
Greensboro, NC
en
Methyl dichlorostearate
Methyl pentachlorostearate
Acetyl tri (n-butyl) citrate
Acetyl triethyl citrate
Adipic acid esters (un-
specified)
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Dibutyl sebacate
Dicyclohexyl azelate
Dicyclohexyl phthalate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) adlpate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) azelate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate
Diethyl phthalate
Di-n-hexyl azelate
Diisodecyl adipate
Diisodecyl phthalate
Diiso-octyl adipate
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
+Source: Chemical Economics Handbook, 1974
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Pfizer, Inc.
Chems. Div. (cont.)
Greensboro, NC
O3
Diiso-octyl isophthalate
Diiso-octyl and mixed dioctyl
phthalates
Dimethyl isophthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Dipropylene glycol dinon-
anoate
Hexyl isodecyl phthalate
Hexyl iso-octyl phthalate
Iso-octyl isodecyl adipate
Iso-octyl isodecyl phthalate
Iso-octyl palmitate
Polyethylene glycol adipate
Polymeric plasticizers
Tricyclohexyl citrate
Triethyl citrate
Tri (2-ethylhexyl) citrate
Tri-n-butyl citrate
Tri (2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate
Triisodecyl trimellitate
Triisononyl trimellitate
Tri-n-octyl trimellitate
Tri (n-octyl/n-decyl) trimellitate
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Company*
Location*
Products*
PVO International, Inc.
Boonton, NJ
Reichhold Chems., Inc,
Richmond, CA
Carteret, NJ
CTl
IO
n-Butyl stearate
Glyceryl trioleate
Iso-octyl palmitate
Isopropyl myristate
Isopropyl palmitate
Polymeric plasticizers
Triethylene glycol di
(caprylate-caprate)
Methyl octadecadienoate
n-Butyl n-decyl phthalate
n-Butyl n-octyl phthalate
n-Butyl ricinoleate
Di [2-(2-butoxyethoxyl)
ethyl] adipate
Di (2-butoxyethyl) adipate
Di (2-butoxyethyl) sebacate
Di n-butyl fumarate
Di n-butyl maleate
Di n-butyl phthalate
Dibutyl sebacate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) azelate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate
Diisobutyl adipate
Diisodecyl adipate
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Reichhold Chems., Inc.(Cont) Carteret, NJ
Richardson - Merrell, Inc,
J. R. Baker Chem. Co.,
subs id.
Robinson-Wagner Co., Inc.
Phillipsburg, NJ
Mamarone ck, NY
Diisodecyl phthalate
Diiso-octyl and mixed dioctyl
phthalates
Diiso-octyl monoisodecyl
trimellitate
Di tridecyl phthalate
Epoxidized soya oils
Epoxidized tall oils
Iso-octyl isodecyl adipate
Iso-octyl isodecyl phthalate
2-Methoxyethyl acetylri-
cinoleate
n-octyl n-decyl adipate
n-octyl n-decyl phthalate
Polymeric plasticizers
Triiso-octyl trimellitate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Butyl myristate
n-Butyl stearate
Diisopropyl adipate
Isopropyl laurate
Isopropyl myristate
Isopropyl palmitate
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Rohm and Hass Co.
Philadelphia, PA
Rohm and Hass Tennessee
Inc. subs id.
Scher Brothers, Inc.
Knoxville, TN
Clifton, NJ
Adipic acid esters (un-
specified)
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di (2 ethylhexyl) adipate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate
Diisodecyl adipate
Diiso-octyl adipate
Di (n-octyl/decyl) adipate
Epoxidized esters (un-
specified)
Epoxidized soya oils
n-octyl n-decyl adipate
Polymeric plasticizers
Di (n-octyl/decyl) adipate
Di (2 ethylhexyl) adipate
Epoxidized soya oils
Polymeric plasticizers
Diisopropyl adipate
Isopropyl isostearate
Isopropyl laurate
Isopropyl myristate
Isopropyl palmitate
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
ro
The Sherwin-Williams Co.
Sherwin-Williams Chems. Div.
Standard Oil Co. (Indiana)
Amoco Chems. Corp., subsid.
Stauffer Chem. Co.
Specialty Chem. Div.
Su Crest Corp.
Breddo Food Products Corp.
subsid.
Dolton Mfg. Div.
Chicago, IL
Texas City, TX
Gallipolis Ferry, WV
Dolton, IL
Sybron Corp.
The Tanatex Chem. Co., div. Lyndhurst, NJ
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Naphthalene, alkylated
Cresyl diphenyl phosphate
Di (2-methoxyethyl)
phthalate
Tri-p-cresyl phosphate
Tri (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate
Tri-n-butyl phosphate
Triphenyl phosphate
Tris (3-chloroethyl) phos-
phate
Tris (dichloropropyl)
phate
Glyceryl mono-oleate
Glyceryl monostearate
Dimethyl phthalate
16* (1975)
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Teknor Apex Co.
Hebronville, MA
oo
Tennecp Inc.
Tenneco Chems. , Inc.
Organics and Polymers Div. Chestertown, MD
Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) isophthalate
Di (2 ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di n-hexyl phthalate
Di tridecyl phthalate
Diisodecyl adipate
Diisodecyl phthalate
Diiso-octyl adipate
Diiso-octyl and mixed dioctyl
phthalates
2-Ethylhexyl isodecyl phthalate
Isodecyl tridecyl phthalate
Iso-octyl isodQcyl phthalate
n-Octyl n-decyl adipate
n-Octyl n-decyl phthalate
Phenoxy plasticizers
Phthalic anhydride esters
(unspecified)
Polymeric plasticizers
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Epoxy plasticizers
Low temperature plas-
ticizers
Maleate plasticizers
27"
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers. 1976
+Source: Chemical Economics Handbook, 1974
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
Tenneco Inc.
Tenneco Chems., Inc.
Organics and Polymers Div.
(Cont.)
Chestertown, MD
Nuoplaz ® plasticizers
Phthalate plasticizers
Polymeric plasticizers
Vinyl plasticizers
1975 Directory lists the following products as being manufactured at Chestertown,MD.:
Fords, EJ
Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) azelate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate
Diisodecyl adipate
Diisooctyl adipate
n-octyl n-decyl adipate
polymeric plasticizers
proprietary plasticizers
Tri (2-butoxyethyl) phos-
phate
Tri-n-butyl phosphate
Tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
Not available
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products'1'
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
en
Thiokol Corp.
Chem. Div.
Union Carbide Corp.
Chems. and Plastics Div.
Moss Point, MS
Union Camp Corp.
Chem. Products Div. **
Institute and South
Charleston, WV
Taft, LA
Dover, OH
Di [2-(2-butoxyethoxyl)
e tho xy1] me thane
Di [2-(2-butoxyethoxyl)
ethyl] adipate
Tetraethylene glycol
di (2-ethylhexanoate)
Triethylene glycol di-
(2-ethylbutyrate)
Tri (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
Epoxidized soya oils
2-Ethylhexyl epoxytallates
n-Butyl oleate
n-Butyl stearate
Dibenzyl sebacate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Dibutyl sebacate
Dicapryl phthalate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate
Dimethyl sebacate
Isopropyl myristate
Isopropyl palmitate
Polymeric plasticizers
Not available
27-36
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers , 1976
+Source: Chemical Economics Handbook , 1974
Essentially shut down, 1975.
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
United States Steel Corp.
USS Chems. , div
Neville Island, PA
01
Van Dyk & Co., Inc.
Belleville, NJ
n-Butyl n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Dibutyl sebacate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate
Di n-hexyl phthalate
Diisodecyl adipate
Diisodecyl phthalate
Diiso-octyl adipate
Diiso-octyl and mixed
dioctyl phthalates
Di tridecyl phthalate
n-Hexyl n-octyl n-decyl
adipate
n-Hexyl n-octyl n-decyl
phthalate
n-Octyl n-decyl adipate
n-Octyl n-decyl phthalate
n-Octyl n-decyl trimellitate
Tri (2-ethylhexyl) trimelli-
tate
Triiso-octyl trimellitate
Diisopropyl adipate
91"
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
+Source: Chemical Economics Handbook, 1974
-------
Table C-l. COMPANY/PRODUCT LIST (Continued)
Company*
Location*
Products*
Estimated
Capacity
(Gg/yr)
White Chem. Corp.
Witco Chem. Corp.
Argus Chem. Corp., subsid
Halby Div.
Witco Chem. Corp.
Argus Chem. Corp., subsid
Bayonne, N J
New Castle, DE
Taft, LA
Dimethyl adipate
Dimethyl sebacate
Epoxidized linseed oil
Epoxidized soya oils
n-Octyl epoxy stearate
Octyl epoxy tallate
14
*Source: Directory of Chemical Producers, 1976
Source: Chemical Economics Handbook, 1974
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-77-023m
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use:
Chapter 13. Plasticizers Industry
5. REPORT DATE
February 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Carol May Thompson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Radian Corporation
8500 Shoal Creek Boulevard
P.O. Box 99>*8
Austin, Texas 78766
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AB015: ROAP 21AFH-025
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1319, Task 3
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Cincinnati, Ohio 1+5268
13, TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Initial: 8/7S-11/76
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/12
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The catalog of Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use was developed as an
aid in defining the environmental impacts of industrial activity in the United States
Entries for each industry are in consistent format and form separate chapters of the
study. The Plasticizer Industry includes manufacturers who produce primary syn-
thetic organic plasticizers. Manufacturers who refine or otherwise upgrade natural
plasticizers such as mineral oil or castor oil are not included. Plasticizers are
materials which are added to organic polymers to facilitate processing,to modify the
properties of the product, or both. In many cases, the distinction between plasti-
cizers and other additives, such as extender oils, flame retardants, processing
aids and lubricants are often blurred. Three process flow sheets and three process
descriptions have been prepared to characterize the industry. Within each process
description available data have been presented on input materials, operating
parameters, utility requirements and waste streams. Data related to the subject
matter, including company and product data, are included as appendices.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIFTORS
Pollution
Plasticizers
Synthetic Organic Plasticizers
Organic Plasticizers
Natural Plasticizers
Process Description
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
h.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Air Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control
Solid Waste Control
Organic Chemicals
Stationary Sources
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
Unclassified
?0. GECUHITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
c. COSATI Field/Group
07C
111
13B
21. NO. OF PAGES
84
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
78
«U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1979-659-510/27
------- |