ENVIRONMENTAL
STATUS REPORT
for the
STATE OF NEW JERSEY
©EPA
May 1983
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION II
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NEW JERSEY
ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT
MAY 1983
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
LIST OF FIGURES iv
LIST OF TABLES . vi
AIR QUALITY ........
Measuring Air Quality Trends 1
Progress in Control of Conventional Air Pollutants 1
Status of Air Quality 14
Priority Air Quality Problems 20
Summary Table 20
Detailed Discussion of Priority Problems
0 Ozone in New Jersey 21
0 Carbon Monoxide in New Jersey 22
0 Lead near Traffic and Industrial Centers 22
0 Total Suspended Particulates in Nprtheastern
New Jersey 22
0 Coal Conversions 22
0 Toxics 22
SURFACE WATER QUALITY
Progress in Water Quality 24
Status of Water Quality 27
Priority Water Quality Problems 34
Summary Table
Detailed Discussion of Priority Problems 35
0 Conventional Pollution Problems in Inland
Waters Associated with Municipal Discharges 35
0 Surface Waters Contaminated by Toxics 35
0 Lack of Data on the Contamination of Surface
Waters by Toxics 36
0 Marine Pollution Problems 37
0 Impact of Non-Point Sources on Water Quality 42
0 Loss of Wetlands in Coastal Zones 44
11
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
SECTION PAGE
SURFACE DRINKING WATER
Status of Public Water Supply Systems 45
Priority Drinking Water Problems 47
0 Insufficient Quantity 47
0 Persistent Violations in Public Water
Supply Systems 48
GROUND WATER
Status of Groundwater Resources 49
Priority Groundwater Problems 51
0 Toxic Contamination of Groundwater Supplies 51
0 Saltwater Intrusion into Groundwater Supplies 51
SOLID WASTE
•Status of Non-Hazardous Waste 53
Priority Non-Hazardous Waste Problem 54
0 Municipal Landfills Containing Toxic
Materials ' 54
Status of Hazardous Waste Disposal • 54
Priority Hazardous Waste Disposal Problems 56
o Siting of Hazardous Was^*? Facilities 56
0 Timely Issuance of RCRA.Permits . 56
0 Class I Violators of RCRA Requirements 56
Status of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites 56
priority Superfund Problems 56
0 Uncontrolled Sites on the National
priorities List 82
0 Potential Priority Candidates 82
Spills of Oil and Hazardous Materials 82
PESTICIDES 83
RADIATION 85
iii
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1. Annual Average Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations
Psrth Amboy and Camden 2
2. Three Hour Average Sulfur Dioxide
Concentrations - Perth Amboy and Camden 3
3. Twenty-four Hour Average Sulfur Dioxide
Concentrations - Perth Amboy and Camden 3
4. Sulfur Dioxide at Bayonne Continuous Air
Monitoring Site . 4
5. Sulfur Dioxide at Newark Continuous Air
Monitoring Site 4
6. Sulfur Dioxide at Camden Continuous Air
'Monitoring Site, Number 1 5
7. 1970-1981 Average 8-Hour Carbon Monoxide
Violations 6
8. Carbon Monoxide Concentrations - Morristown 7
9. CO Concentrations Above Primary Standards
Morristown 7
10. CO Concentrations Above Primary Standards
Jersey City 8
11. Nitrogen Dioxide at Bayonne Continuous Air
Monitoring Site 9
12. Nitrogen Dioxide at Camden Continuous Air
Monitoring Site, Number 1 9
13. Nitrogen Dioxide at Newark Continuous Air
Monitoring Site 10
14. Days with Ozone Concentrations Above the
Standard - Camden and Bayonne 10
15. Ozone Concentrations in New Jersey
Camden and Bayonne 11
16. Numbers of Values Above 24-hour TSP Standard
Carteret 11
17. Tctal Suspended Particulate Concentrations
Carteret 12
IV
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LIST OF FIGURES (continued)
FIGURE PAGE
18. Number of Values Above 24-Hour TSP Standard
Bayonne 12
19. Total Suspended Particulate Concentrations
Bayonne 13
20. Annual Highest Quarterly Average Lead
Concentrations • 14
21. Primary Non-Attainment Areas 15
22. Average 1971-1981 Ozone E^ceedances ' 21
23. Drainage Basins 24
24. 'Passaic River Basin 31
25. Raritan River Basin 32
26. Pennsauken Creek, Big Timber Creek, and
Cooper River Basins • 33
27. Ocean Disposal Sites .40
28. Water Supply Systems 45
29. Size Distribution of CWS's 46
30. Percentage of Community PWS's in Violation 46
31. Community PWS's with Turbidity and Bacti
Violations . 47
32. Principal Geologic Regions ' 49
33. Well Contamination ' 50
^
34. Priority TSD's 55
35. Superfund Sites 57
36. Pesticides Incidents by Type of Application 83
37. Nuclear Power Plants 86
38. Ore Processing Storage Sites 87
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
1. Area:3 in the State of New Jersey Not in Attain-
ment of the Secondary Air Quality Standards 16
2. Area:; in New Jersey where Air Quality Monitors
Have Recorded Values Near the Air Quality Standards 17
3. Summary of Source Control Priorities by Region 20
4. New Jersey Surface Water Quality Trends 1977-1981 25
5. Summary of Conventinal and Toxic Pollution Problems 28
6. Summary of Source Control Priorities by Basin 34
7. Ocean and Estuarine Shellfish Growing Area Acreage
Reclassified 38
8. Yearly New Jersey Shellfish Catches 38
9. Composition of Shellfish Yearly Catches and Monetary
Values 38
10. Quantities of Waste Materials Ocean Dumped in the
New York Bight 41
11. Characteristics of Priority Superfund Clean-Up Sites 58-81
12. History of Hazardous Materials Spills 82
13. Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System 85
VI
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AIR QUALITY
MEASURING AIR QUALITY TRENDS
Several indicators can be used to provide a picture of trends
in air quality. For standards based on an annual average
concentration at each monitoring site, the average can be
plotted for a period of years to determine the trend in air
quality. Standards that use a shorter averaging time can be
examined by several different methods. Some of these methods
are listed below.
0 Number of Times the Standard is Exceeded - This indicator
gives a direct assessment of how often the national standard
was exceeded. Its usefulness is sometimes limited, however,
since these exceedences are often associated with rare or
low frequency meteorological events; the number of exceed-
ences may vary widely over time due to changes in weather
from year-to-year.
0 Second Highest Value - For standards that allow one ex-
ceedence per year (i.e., TSP, SC>2, CO and 03), the second
highest value must be at or below the national standard
for a location to attain the air quality standard. Besides
the fact that this is the legal definition of the ambient
standards, it is often better to use the second highest
value rather than the highest value observed. The highest
value can be more variable from year-to-year as it is
often more closely linked to rare meteorological events
than the second highest value.
0 95th Percentile Value - This indicator gives the concentration
that was exceeded by only five percent of the observed
concentrations. This is a more meaningful indicator of
trends because it is not as likely to be strongly affected
by changing weather conditions from year-to-year. Of
course,-the 95th percentile concentration of a pollutant
cannot show attainment of standards that are based on an
annual average or the second highest, short-term average.
These indicators are used throughout this report to discuss
air quality in New Jersey.
PROGRESS IN CONTROL OF CONVENTIONAL AIR POLLUTANTS
The concentration of each conventional pollutant in the air
has been routinely monitored over the past decade by the
continuous and manual air monitoring networks operated by the
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. The
following graphs and discussion provide a statewide overview
of the progress that .has been made to date in controlling
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the following air pollutants for which ambient air quality
standards have been established: sulfur dioxide, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone (photochemical oxidants),
total suspended particulates, and lead.
It should be pointed out that the following analysis of trends
is based on data from air quality networks that were standardized
only recently; the National Air Monitoring Station (NAMS) network
was approved in 1981, and the State and Local Air Monitoring
Station (SLAMS) network was approved in 1983. Even now, a few
monitoring sites in the state are not located optimally. The
methods oE measuring atmospheric pollutants and recording
these data became more reliable during the late 1970 "s.
However, earlier data are useful to show the large improvements
in air quality that ocurred in the early 1970's.
Sulfur Dioxide (S02)
Statewide, New Jersey is in attainment of the SC>2 standards.
Trends for SC>2 concentrations in Perth Amboy and Camden
represent the most reliable data for major urban areas in
the state. Although annual average S02 concentrations in
Perth Ambcy and Camden show no definite trend (Figure 1),
the second highest 3-hr averages in Camden demonstrate a
significant decline (Figure 2). Figure 3 shows that the
second highest 24-hour averages have remained fairly constant.
Longer-term SC-2 data are available from monitors in Bayonne,
Newark, and Camden. These data show that SC>2 concentrations
decreased dramatically from 1967 through 1972, and have
decrased slowly since then (Figures 4-6).
FIGURE 1
flNNURL flVERflGE SULFUR DIOXIDE CONCENTRRTIONS
PERTH flMBOY flND CflMDEN, NEW JERSEY
100-
fllR OUflLIT* 3TD,
Legend
A PERTH
.977
1978
1979
YEflR
1980
x CflMDEN
1981
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FIGURE 2
3 HOUR flVERflGE SULFUR DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS
PERTH flMBOY FIND CflMDEN, NEW JERSEY
ISQO-i
1QOO-
*
gf
•3 HOUR STD.
Legend
A CflMDEN
x PERTH flMBOY
1977
1978
1979
YEflR
I960
1981
FIGURE 3
'l • .
300-
3? aoo-j
Sf
100-
24 HOUR flVERflGE SULFUR DIOXIDE CONCENTRflTIONS
PERTH flMBOY flND CflMOEN, NEW JERSEY
_ ^-t HOUR 9TO
- — ""^^^^^--^
Legend
A CflMDEN —
x PERTH_flMBO_Y
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981
YERR
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FIGURE 4
SULFUR DIOXIDE AT BAYONNE CONTINUOUS AIR MONITORING SITE
MONTHLY AVERAGES
12-MONTH MOVING AVERAGES
PUBLIC HEALTH STANDARD
PROPERTY DAMAGE STANDARD
E
L
a.
o
a.
UJ
1
z
»^
i
a.
s
x
o
u.
i
1966 19157 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 '1976 1977 1978 1979
Year-
FIGURE 5
SULFUR DIOXIDE AT NEWARK CONTINUOUS AIR MONITORING SITE
MONTHLY AVERAGES
I
12-MONTH MOVING AVERAGES
PROPERTY DAMAGE STANDARD
1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Year
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FIGURE 6
SULFUR DIOXIDE AT CAMDEN CONTINUOUS AIR MONITORING SHE. NUMBER 1
c s
o r\i
L
0.
in
UJ
<
z
a
a.
UJ
a
in
PUBLIC HEALTH STANDAR
MONTHLY AVERAGES
12-MONTH MOVING AVERAGES
PROPERTY DAMAGE STANDARD V \ // '
W \A/
1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Year
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Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Figure V demonstrates a drastic reduction over eleven years
in the number of violations of the 8-hour CO standard in New
Jersey. This progress can, in large part, be attributed to
the Fedoral Motor Vehicle Control Program and to the New Jersey
Inspection and Maintenance Program. Figures 8, 9 and 10
show that, at New Jersey's two most severe CO non-attainment
areas (Morristown and Jersey City), the frequency of the
violations has decreased markedly from 1977 to 1981, while
their severity has decreased more gradually.
FIGURE 7
i97a-igei AVSH^GC a-woua CI^
MONOXIDE VIOLATIONS IN
NEW
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FIGURE 8
50-T
CflRBON MONOXIDE CQNCENTRRTIONS
MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY
e
\
£
O
CO
30-
20-
— 1 HOUR STflNOflRD j
Legend '
A 1 hf» 2nd H1BHEST •
X 1 h«- aSlhX !
Q _a h.- .2nd HI CHEST ,
•-e
iU —
0-
1
977 1978 1979 1980
YERR
8 HOUR STRNDRRU
"1
1981
FIGURE 9
CO CONCENTRATIONS flBOVE PRIMRRY STflNOflRDS
MORRISTOWN, NEW JERSEY
150-1
100-
Legend
223 1 HOUR VRLUES
•• 8 HOUR VALUES
1981
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FIGURE 10
CO CONCENTRRTIONS RBOVE PRIMRRY STRNDRRDS
JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY
100
82
23
Legend
CZJ 1 HOUR VRLUES
•• 8 HOUR VRLUE3
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981
YERR
Nitrogen Dioxide (NC>2)
New Jersey has experienced some reduction in N02 concentrations
which are currently well below the standard. Figures 11-13
show longer-term data for three cities in New Jersey: Bayonne,
Camden, and Newark. These graphs show a general downward
trend in N02 concentrations during the 1970's.
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FIGURE 11
I a
c.
0.
NITROGEN DIOXIDE AT BAYONNE CONTINUOUS AIR MONITORiNG SITE
b *
r-> . _
UJ
u
a
cc
MONTHLY AVERAGES
12-MONTH MOVING AVERAGES
PUBLIC HEALTH AND PROPERTY DAMAGE STANDARDS
4
4
4
4
1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Year
FIGURE 12
NITROGEN DIOXIDE AT CAMDEN CONTINUOUS AIR MONITORING SITE. NUMBER 1
L
a.
t
4>
'
ce
Ul
a
i-
_
o
a.
UJ
a
x
a
Id
U
a
cc
MONTHLY AVERAGES
12-MONTH MOVING AVERAGES
PUBLIC HEALTH AND PROPERTY DAMAGE STANDARDS
1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Year
9
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FIGURE 13
NITROGEN DIOXIDE AT NE~WARK CONTINUOUS AIR MONITORING SITE
MONTHLY AVERAGES
13-MONTH MOVING AVERAGES
PUBLIC HEALTH AND PROPERTY DAMAGE STANDARDS
-t 1-
£ 1966
"967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Year
Ozone (03)
The 03 standard is exceeded everywhere in the state. Although
Figures 1.4 and 15 may indicate a slight trend towards decreasing
ozone concentrations in Camden and Bayonne, large year-to-year
variations in the number of exceedances of the standard and
in the annual second highest daily value make discernment of
a clear trend difficult.
FIGURE 14
DflYS WITH OZONE CONCENTRHTIONS flBOVE THE STRNDflRD
CflMDEN flND BflYONNE, NEW JERSEY
CD
3O-
20-
10-
0-1
16
Legend
23 CflMDEN
•• BflYONNE
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981
YERR
i n
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FIGURE 15
OZONE CONCENTRflTIONS IN NEN JERSEY
CflMDEN RND BflYONNE, NEW JERSEY
250-
200 —
ISO
100-
so-
02ONE STHNDRRD'
Legend
CRMDEN
x BflYONNE
1975 1976
1977
1978
YEflR
1979
1980
1981
Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)
New Jersey is in attainment of the primary standard for TSP,
although secondary standard violations occur. Figures 16
through 19 demonstrate the low frequency of violations of
the primary and secondary 24-hour average TSP standards in
Carteret and in Bayonne. However, no trend is easily discerned
at either location. Note that the annual averages are close
to the standard at both sites.
FIGURE 16
NUMBER Of VflLUES FIBOVE 24-HOUR TSP STflNDflRO
CflRTERET, NEW JERSEY
C_D
LU
ca
QJ
Legend
OS PRIMflR* STO.
tm SECONDARY STO.
1977 1978
1979
YEflR
1980 1981
11
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FIGURE 17
200-
1 RTl «
t
«-
s?
-*• 100 -
Q_
cn
c
SO-
1
!
TOTflL SUSPENDED PRRTICULRTE CONCENTRRT IONS |
CRRTERET, NEW JERSEY i
i
I
i
1
—- — — — * "— »^^ ' 24 HOUR i
^-»^^ — *. SECONDRRY STD. |
^.— "-""" M K j
" ' i
i
_ ^ ____ ^_m j
,__...— ——*>•• "" — ~-^. |
Legend j
A 24ht~ 2nd HIGHEST!
x 24h£_90t.hX ;
a RNNyRL_OEOM_MEf1N i
377 1978 1979 1980 1981
YEflR i
FIGURE 18
NUMBER OP VRLUES flBOVE 24-HOUR TSP STRNDflRD
BRYONNE, -NEW JERSEY
C _.•
4-
3-
2-
1 -
a o
1977 1978
1979 1980
YERR
1981
Legend
Z2 PRIMflRY STD.
•• SECONDflRY STD.
12
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FIGURE 19
TOTRL SUSPENDED PRRTICULRTE CONCENTRRTIONS
BRYONNE, NEW. JERSEY
200-1
24 HR SECONDRR*
STHNDRRO
RNNUflU
STRNORRD
Legend
2nd HIOHEST 24hi~
X 901HX 2-thf flVO
D flNNUt gEOM MEHN
1977
1978
1979
YEflR
19SO
1981
Lead (Pb)
Air quality data since 1978 show, a steady decrease in Pb
concentrations at most monitoring sites in New Jersey
(Figure 20). This improvement can be attributed to the
increased use of unleaded gasoline and to the decreased
amount of Pb in leaded gasoline.- A potential non-attainment
area for Pb exists at Pedricktown in Salem County, and perhaps
in other areas as well, due to industrial sources.
13
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FIGURE 20
flNNURL HIGHEST QURRTERLY RVERRGE LERD CONCENTRRTIONS
NEW JERSEY
6-
_o
o_
2-i
Legend
A f-EDRICKTOMN
X TRENtON
O JERSEY CITY
• CflMOEN
•flIR QUfiLITY STO.
I
1978
1979 1980
YERR
1981
STATUS OF AIR QUALITY
All areas of New Jersey are in attainment of the primary
ambient air quality standards for total suspended particulates
(TSP), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (N02).
Non-attainment of primary standards is as follows:
0 Ozone (03) - the entire state, with the most severe problems
in areas of the state around New York City and
central New Jersey, downwind of Philadelphia.
0 Carbon Monoxide (CO) - sixteen municipalities (see Figure 21!
14
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FIGURE 21
PRIMARY NON-ATTAINMENT AREAS
EHT1U STATI
°3
ISTllASTATE
iOCH
lUUnclc Clcr
OM >lnr
CO
propc«*4 r«-
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TABLE 1
AREAS IN THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY NOT IN
ATTAINMENT OF THE SECONDARY AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
(that are attaining the primary standards)
TSP
,NJ-NY-:T INTERSTATE REGION
Hudson County .
- Newark (Part)
Elizabeth
Linden
Carteret
Woodbridge
Perth Amboy
METROPOLITAN PHILADELPHIA INTERSTATE REGION
Camden
NJ INTRASTATE REGION
Bridgeton
SO2 - None ,; I
CO, 03, N02 - Secondary standard at same level as primary
standard
16
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TABLE 2
AREAS IN NEW JERSEY WHERE AIR QUALITY MONITORS
HAVE RECORDED VALUES NEAR THE AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
(outside of cities with designated non-attainment areas)
TSP - Sites with an annual geometric mean of 55ug/m^ (73%
of the 75ug/m3 annual primary standard) or more, or an
annual second highest 24-hour average of 130ug/m3 (87%
of the 150ug/m3 secondary standard) or more.
- BURLINGTON
- SEWAREN
- PATERSON
- SOUTH AMBOY
- WOODBURY
S02 - Sites with an annual average of 52ug/m3 (65% of the
primary standard) or more, or annual second highest
24-hour average of 300ug/m3 (82% of secondary 24-hour
standard) or more, or annual second highest 3-hour average
of lOOug/m^ (77% of secondary 3-hour standard) or more.
- ELIZABETH
'CO - Sites with a second highest 1-hour average of 30.0
ug/m^ (75% of standard) or more, or a second highest
8-hour average of 7.5ug/m^ (75% of standard) or more.
- EAST ORANGE
NOTE: 1981 data
17
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Discussion of Air Quality for Each Air Quality Control
Region
New Jersey - New York - Connecticut Interstate Region - This
region has significant problems meeting the primary air
quality standards for 03 and CO, and also has problems in
meeting the secondary standard for TSP.
The entire region fails to meet the 03 standard. This is due
to hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions from motor vehicles
and industry in t'he region. Transport of ozone from other,
up.wind metropolitan areas also contributes to the New York
City metropolitan area's severe problem with high 03 concentrations
New Jersey's worst CO problems are in this region. There are
a number of locations that are not in attainment of the
standards (Figure 16). Morristown has the worst CO problem of
all the state's monitoring sites. Jersey City had the second
highest number of exceedances in 1981.
Secondary standards for TSP are being violated in a number of
cities in the region (Table 1). This problem is mostly due
to industrial, power plant, residential, and fugitive emissions
of particulate matter in the area. In addition to Bayonne and
Carteret, sites in Jersey City, Linden, and Paterson have some-
times recorded concentrations above the annual, primary TSP
standard and have a potential TSP problem.
N02 and S02 standards are being met in the region. However,
the Perth Amboy S02 site recorded an exceedance of the S02
24-hour primary standard in 1980.
Due to the high traffic density in this region, Pb concentra-
tions above the ambient air quality standard have occurred in
the past. A State and Local Air Monitoring Station (SLAMS)
network for Pb has been established to gather more accurate
information on population exposure to Pb and trends in Pb
concentrations.
Northeast Pennsylvania-Upper Delaware Valley Interstate Region.
The only ambient air quality standard that is not being attained
in the New Jersey section of this region is for 03. The majority
of the emissions causing this problem are generated outside this
region.
18
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Metropolitan Philadelphia Interstate Region. Primary standards
for 63, CO, and Pb have been violated in this region. TSP
secondary standards have been violated, in Camden due to area
sources in New Jersey and Philadelphia.
The entire region has violations of the 03 standard. There
have been high 03 concentrations downwind of Philadelphia
for many years. The region's 03 problem is largely due to
the density of traffic and to industrial and residential sources
of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in the Philadelphia
metropolitan area.
Violations of the CO standard have been found in a few cities
in this region. While small areas, e.g., sites near busy in-
tersections, may have concentrations of CO higher than the
ambient .air quality standard, the state has worked with county
governments to decrease CO emissions. In many cases, CO
emission reductions due to the Federal Motor Vehicle Control
Program and the State Inspection and Maintenance Program
may, by themselves, cause a decrease of CO concentrations
to values below the air quality standards by the 1987 deadline.
The violations of the Pb standard have been caused by automotive
emissions of Pb in urban areas and by industrial point sources
of Pb in areas that are more rural.
N02 and S02 concentrations are below the ambient air quality
standards.
New Jersey Intrastate Region. As in the rest of the state,
violations of the 03 standard have occurred in this region.
The problem is primarily caused by emissions of hydrocarbons
and nitrogen oxides from the Philadelphia metropolitan area
and, occasionally, other metropolitan areas upwind of the
region (e.g., Baltimore, Washington and Wilmington). Smaller
urban areas within the region, such as Atlantic City, may
also contribute to the problem.
The primary standard for CO is not being met in Atlantic City
and Toms River. In addition, emissions of industrial particulate
matter in Bridgeton have caused violations of the secondary
TSP standard there. There appear to be no major S02, N02,
or Pb problems in this region.
19
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PRIORITY AIR QUALITY PROBLEMS
Table 3 presents a summary of the source control priorities
for each Air Quality Control Region in New Jersey. As this
table indicates, the high priority air quality problems are
03 statewide, CO in urban areas, and toxics in two regions.
The following section describes these problems in greater
detail eind presents data on the status and trends in air
quality at representative, monitoring stations.
TABLE 3
SUMMARY OF SOURCE CONTROL PRIORITIES BY REGION
Source
Control
Problem
Point Sources
Area Sources
Mobile Sources
Long Range
Transport
Toxics
NJ-NY-CT
Inter-
State
03 H
TSP M
03 H
TSP M
03 H
CO H
03 M
H
N.E. Pa-
U.D.V
Inter-
State
03 H
Metro-
Phila.
Inter-
State
03 H
TSP L
03 H
TSP L
03 H
CO H
03 M
H-
NJ
Intra-
State
TSP L
TSP L
CO H
03 H
Key:
Priority Designations
H * High
M =: Medium
L -• Low
S02 = Sulfur Dioxide
TSP = Total Suspended
Particulate
03 = Ozone
CO = Carbon Monoxide
20
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Detailed Discussion of Priority Problems
Current Air Quality Problems
° Ozone in New Jersey
The ambient air quality standard for ozone (63) is not being
attained anywhere in the state (see Figure 22). Air quality
data from 1981 indicate that 63 concentrations 'observed in
and downwind of New Jersey continue to be well in excess of
the ambient air quality standard of 0.12 ppm maximum hourly
average. The second highest daily maximum hourly value
recorded at any one site in 1981 was 0.21 ppm.
FIGURE 22
AVERAGE 1979-1981 OZONE EXCEEDANCES
AVERAGE NUMBER OF OZONE
SEASON OAYS STANDARD
WAS EXCEEDED
ITTTI
5 OR LESS
6 TO 10
M TO 15
IS OR GREATER [!lhli;ii!3
•-OZONE MONITOR SITES
Other upwind areas need to reduce precursor emissions to
help New Jersey attain the standard. Similarly, emission
reductions attained in New Jersey directly affect New York's
and Connecticut's air quality. Maximum recorded ambient 03
concentrations in the New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Inter-
state Air Quality Control Region are almost twice the standard,
According to modeling estimates, about sixty percent of the
emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) will have to
be eliminated from sources in this area in order to attain
the ozone standard.
21
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0 CO in New Jersey
Many locations in New Jersey violate the national ambient air
quality standards for CO. In northeastern New Jersey, six
cities recorded CO concentrations above the 8-hour CO
standard in 1981. This CO problem is caused by the traffic
congestion produced by the large number of motor vehicles in
use in the state.
0 Lead near Traffic and Industrial Centers
Concentrations of Pb in the air are above the' air quality
standard near industry in Pedickstown. In the past, Pb
concentrations in urban areas violated the Pb standard.
An improved state Pb network will focus on high traffic
density urban areas and near industrial sources of Pb, and
will provide better information on Pb air quality in these
areas.
Potential Air Quality Maintenance Problems
This section presents additional data on one specific geographic
area in New Jersey that, although currently attaining air
quality standards, has pollutant concentrations that are
relatively close to the standard. Therefore, this area
presents a potential air quality maintenance problem (refer to
Table 2, page 17) that will be watched closely in the coming
years.
0 TSP in Northeastern New Jersey
Total suspended particulate (TSP) concentrations in some of
the urban areas of northeastern New Jersey have been near the
primary air quality standard. More data is needed to decide
if this problem is a major one in the state.
Emerging Problems
0 Coal Conversions
The recent decline in fuel oil prices has diminished the in-
terest of utilities and industries in burning coal. However,
if oil prices increase in the future, a resurgence of interest
in coal conversions would be likely. Many of the large sources
that are candidates for reconversion to coal would not wish to
do so under current emission regulations. If widespread con-
version under relaxed emission limitations were allowed to take
place, attainment of the national primary air quality standards
could be endangered. In addition, widespread conversion could
reduce increments of S02 and TSP available under the Prevention
of Significant Deterioration (PSD) program. This situation
is most critical in the New Jersey-New York-Connecticut
22
-------
Air Quality Control Region, where there are several large
sources that are candidates for reconversion to coal and
where interstate air quality impact'issues come into play.
0 Toxics
There is very limited information regarding the sources and
effects of toxic air contaminants. EPA has 'implemented
regulations covering a few toxics under the National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants program, all of which have
been delegated to the state.
Emerging concerns about toxic problems are associated with
emissions from landfills, combustion of illegally contaminated
fuel oils, toxic waste handling and disposal facilities, and
municipal waste incinerators. The potential for legal and
illegal disposal practices to contaminate the atmosphere is
indisputable. Whether such contamination poses a threat to
human health is not clear. Information that is not now
available, but that is essential to assessing potential
hazards, includes: improved risk assessment information,
field measurements of the types and quantities of fue'l oil
contaminants, information on the quantities of waste oil
entering the marketplace, emission rate data for landfills,
and better estimates of populations at risk.
23
-------
SURFACE WATER QUALITY
PROGRESS IN WATER QUALITY
The State of New Jersey is divided into the following six
major drainage basins (shown on Figure 23):
0 Delaware River Basin
0 Atlantic Coastal Basin
0 Raritan River Basin
0 Passaic River Basin
0 Hackensack River Basin
0 Wallkill River Basin
FIGURE 23
DRAINAGE BASINS OF NEW JERSEY
.WALLKILL
RIVER
HACKENSACK
RIVER
DELAWARE
RIVER
ATLANTIC
COASTAL
24
-------
Although water quality conditions vary widely throughout
the state, some generalizations can be made. In the highly
industrialized northeast and southwest portions of the state,
water quality conditions are generally fair to poor. In
other catchment areas such as the Pinelands of the Atlantic
Coastal Basin, and the headwaters of the Raritan River and
the Upper Delaware River Basin, water quality conditions
tend to be significantly better. A number of problems
associated primarily with municipal discharges (e.g., low
dissolved oxygen (DO)) and with non-point sources (e.g.,
high bacterial and nutrient levels) are found throughout
most of the state. Toxicants, generally in very low levels,
tend to be found in the more urbanized and industrialized
zones in the northeast and southwest quadrants of the state.
The New Jersey Department of Environmental.Protection (NJDEP)
has indicated that instream data for conventional pollutants
collected over the past four to five years reveal that general
water quality conditions in the state have stabilized. Water
quality improvements and declines have been evident, however,
in individual basins and sub-basins as indicated in Table 4.
The Atlantic coastal bays and estuarine areas have significantly
improved over the last five years', especially with regard to
lower bacterial levels. Although low summer DO levels are
still quite common in Atlantic coastal back-bays (primarily
because of natural background conditions), over 7,000 acres
of shellfish harvesting areas have been upgraded over the
past five years.
Numerous waterways throughout the state have been positively
affected by the construction of municipal facilities funded
under Section 201 of the Clean Water Act. Water quality
conditions in Raritan Bay and Upper New York Harbor have
shown some improvement due to the upgrading of the Middlesex
County Utilities Authority and the Passaic Valley Sewerage
Commission facilities, respectively, over the last few
years. These two discharges alone represented almost 300
million gallons per day (MGD) of high strength municipal-
industrial wastewaters which are on their way to receiving
secondary treatment.
Other waterways throughout the state in which water quality
improvement is anticipated as a result of future municipal
treatment facilities are the Mid- and Upper-Passaic Basin;
and Cooper River - Big Timber Creek - Pennsauken Creek region.
25
-------
TABLE 4
NEW JERSEY SURFACE WATER QUALITY tRENDS - 1977 to 1981
Stream
Total
DO P
NH3
TDS
SOD
00 Fecal
Sat. Coli.
NH3/NH4
1982
Overall
pH Water *
Quality***
CELAWARE BASIN
wallkil River
Flat Brook
Paulins Kill
Psquest River
Musoonetcong
,?3hatcong Creek
Lopatcong Creek
Dalaware River Tri!33.-
Hunderdon County
Assunpink Creek
'Crosswicks Creek
Assiscunk Creek
R.incocas Creek -
Uorth Branch
R.jncocas Creek -
South Branch
Ponnsauken Craek
a;.g Timher Creek
Cooper River
Miintau Creak
Riiccoon Craek
o;.dnans Craek
Solem River •
Cohansey River
Mturice River
ATLANTIC COASTAL BI.SIN
Tickahoe River
Great Egg Harbor
Millie* River
Metedeconk River
Tcms River
Manasquan 3iver
N. Atlantic Coastal -
(Willow, Yellow, Jumping
8r's)
RARITAN BASIN
North Branch Raritai
Siver
South Branch Rarieai
Siver
Millstone River
Laurence rirortk
SoJth River
Saritan River
Elizabeth River
Ra.iuay River
PASSMC/HACKENSACK HAS IN
Upper Passaic River
.iicl-Passaic River
Mid-oassaic Tributaries
Sockaway River
Wtiippany River
Rcimapo River
Pompton Rivsr
Loner Passaic River
Hac:kens*ck River
Lee end
I u Improving
0 « Declining
S « Stable/Unchanged
- = Insufficient data to determine trend
0
S
S
S
S
S
S
0
I
I
I
s
s
s
s
s
s*
D*
D
S
I*
S*
s
I
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
0
3
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
I
s
s
s
s
I
I
I
0
s
I
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
.s
I
s
s
s
s
s
D
0
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
D
D
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
I
s
s
r
s*
s*
s*
s*
s*
s
s«
0
I
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s •
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
• s
s
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s
s
s
s
s
s
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D
• s
s
s
0
s
s
s
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s
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s
s
s
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s
I
s
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s
s
s
s
I
s
s*
s
D
s
s
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s
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s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
0
s
s
s
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s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
I •
s
s
I
s
s
I*
0
s
0*
s
• s
s
s
s
I
n
s
s
s
s
s
_
-
i .
s
s
s
I
D
S
s
s
s
s
s
s
I
s
s
D
0
s
s
s
s
-
-
s
s
s
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s '
s*
s*
s*
s*
s*
s*
s*
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
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-
s
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D
s
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-
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s
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D
s
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s
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D
S
S
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s
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s
s
s
I
D
S
s
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s
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s
s
s
D
S
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s
s
s
s
s
s
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s
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D
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
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s
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s
s
-
"
s
s
s
s
s
-
s
s
Fair
Excellent
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Poor
Poor
Poor
Fair
Fair
Fair
Poor
Poor
Fair/Good
Good
Fair
Excellent
Fair
Fair
Fair
Good
Good
Good
Fair/Good
Good
Fair
Poor/Fair
Poor
Poor/Fair
Poor/Fair
Poor
Poor
Poor/Fair
Fair
Fair
Poor
Poor
k.ttso^cvj ^owt? i
-------
STATUS OF WATER QUALITY
The surface water quality problems which are most pervasive in
the State of New Jersey fall into the following categories:
0 Oxygen balance problems
0 Bacterial contamination
0 Nutrient related problems
0 Widespread toxicants at generally very low levels
Instream problems related to thermal discharges, high ammonia
levels, acid rain, high total dissolved solids, and salinity
levels, may be significant on a local level, but are not nearly
as common on a statewide basis. The extent and severity of
the problems caused by conventional and toxic pollutants in
each of the six basins in the state are shown in Table 5,
27
-------
TABLE 5
SUMMARY OF CONVENTIONAL AND TOXIC POLLUTION PROBLEMS
STREAM SEGMENTS
UPPER DELAWARE BASIN
Wallkill River
Flat Brook and PauLi.nski.ll
Pequest and Musconetconj Rivers
Pohatcorg and Lopatcong Creeks
Delaware Tributaries-Hunterdon County
Assunpink Creek
IOWER DELAWARE BASIN
Crosswicks and AssLscunk Creeks
Rancocas Creek
Pennsauken Creek and Cooper River
Newton and Big Timber Creeks
Wbodbury, Mantua, ,ind Raccoon Creeks
Oldman's, Salem, and Alloways Creeks
Cohansey River
Maurice River
Delaware River Mainstein & Delaware Bay
ATLANTIC COASTAL &\SIN
Southern Atlantic Coastal Area
Great Egg Harbor River
Central Pine Barrens
Toms and Metedeconk Rivers
Manasquan and Shark Rivers
Northern Atlantic Coastal Aren
RARITAN BASIN
Lawrence. Brook and South River
Millstone River an
-------
Based upon the severity of instream water quality conditions,
the impairment of existing uses, and the potential population
affected, the following three basins, shown on Figures 24 through
26, are considered the highest priority regions for point source
control in the state:
0 Passaic River Basin
0 Raritan River Basin •
0 Lower Delaware River Tributaries
Passaic River Basin
- The upstream portion of the basin (Fresh Water Passaic area
on the map) is heavily used as a potable water supply.
- The largest surface potable water intake in the state
(Passaic Valley Water Commission (PVWC)) is located at
Little Falls, N.J. along the Passaic River main stem.
- The basin has numerous municipal POTWs which discharge up-
stream from the PVWC intake; during extreme low flow months,
more than half of the flow passing the intake represents
domestic wastes from these facilities.
- The basin has a low capability to assimilate the numerous
municipal discharges which are tributary to it; approximately
28 advanced waste treatment (AWT) facililties exist or will
have to be constructed in the freshwater area to comply with
instream standards and to protect the PVWC potable supply, in
the future. , j
|i
- Significant industrial sources are located along the Whippany
River, Peckman River, Saddle River, and mid- and lower Passaic
River stretches.
- Water quality conditions throughout most of the non-tidal
basin are poor to fair and are not expected to meet the
1983 fishable-swimmable goals for most of the basin.
- Water quality in the tidal portion of the basin (Urban
Area) is poor: the Passaic Estuary receives relatively
high strength municipal-industrial effluents from combined
sewer overflows along the entire estuary and from direct
industrial sources; extensive contravention of instream DO
standards occurs and the 'presence of toxicants is consistent
with other urbanized and industrial regions of the state.
Raritan River Basin
- Water quality conditions vary in the headwater region of the
basin from fair to excellent.
29
-------
- Non-point sources (NFS) and municipal POTWs contribute to
eleva.ted nutrient levels throughout the non-tidal basin to
the extent that eutrophication problems and attendant DO
and sedimentation problems exist in many of the basin's
impoundments, e.g., Lake Carnegie.
- The Faritan River and tributaries play an important role
in supplying potable water for central New Jersey, and also
contain important fisheries resources.
- Elevated bacterial levels primarily from non-point sources
preclude compliance with standards throughout the non-tidal
basin.
- Water quality conditions in the Raritan Estuary and western
Raritan Bay are poor; extensive areas of depressed DO and
elevated coliform levels exist due to the- combined effect
of primary treatment plants still existing along Raritan
Bay and the Arthur Kill and the mixing of poor quality water
from the Arthur Kill, Lower New York Bay, and lower Raritan
River.
- Bathing and shellfishing in Raritan Bay have been impaired
due. to elevated coliform levels and the presence of toxicants
in the sediment, water column, and biota.
- Industrial discharges have significant water quality impacts
on the central portions of the Raritan River.
Lower Delaware River Tributaries (Cooper River, Pennsauken Creek,
Big Timber Creek)
- Water quality in these streams ranges from fair to poor. The
downstream segments receive significant point source contributions
that cause severe stress to the streams and overload their
assimilative capacities.
- Summertime DO in the lower Cooper River has been recorded under
2.5 m
-------
FIGURE_24
FRESHWATERS
1PASSAIC AREA
-
URBAN AREA f
31
-------
FIGURE 25
32
-------
FIGURE 26
PENNSAUKEN CREEK, BIG TIMBER CREEK AND COOPER RIVER BASINS
(INCLUDING NEWTON'CREEK)
WOOOBURY, MANTUA AND RACCOON
CREEK BASINS
LEGEND
STREAM
• COUNTY BOUNDARIES
. MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES
> BASIN BOUNDARIES
CONVENTIONAL .WATER SAMPLING STATION
TOXICS WATER SAMPLING STATION
• WATERSHED BOUNDARIES
SEDIMENT SAMPLING STATION
NEW JERSEY STATE WATER QUALIT.
INVENTORY REPORT
1 982
r\RANCOCAS CREEK BASIN
r^
MULLICA RIVER BASIN
[GREAT EGO HARBOR RIVER BASIN
XOHANSET AND MAURICE RIVER BASIN
0 i Z 3
SCALE IN MILES
LOCATION OF BASIN
33
-------
PRIORITY WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS
Table 6 summarizes for each basin the problems that are high
priority relative to other problems in the state.
TABLE 6
Summary of Source Control Priorities by Basin
Basins
WQM/
Source
Problem
Point
Source
Conventional
Toxics
Non-point
Source
Ocean Dumping
Delaware
River
X
X
X
Atlantic
Coastal
X
X
X
Raritan
River
X
X
X
Hackensack
River
X
X
X
Wallkill
River
X
X
Passaic
River
X
X
X
34
-------
Detailed Discussion of Priority Problems
0 Conventional Pollution Problems in Inland Waters Associated
with Municipal Discharges
Summertime dissolved oxygen (DO) problems exist statewide
and are significantly contributed to by discharges from
municipal facilities, or are related to eutrophication
and associated benthic uptake which occur in many of the
shallow lakes and sluggish waterways throughout the state.
The generally low ambient flows in the waterways of the
state combined with high population and industrial densities
have resulted in numerous waterways which contravene instream
DO standards. DO levels in surface waters of the state are
depressed due to point, non-point, and intermittent loadings
from industrial and municipal discharges, thermal discharges,
suburban/rural runoff, urban storm runoff and agricultural
runoff/seepage. The problems associated with these organic
waste sources are aggravated by the reduced assimilative
capacity of many of the state's streams due to their physical
characteristics and/or substantial withdrawals by water purveyors,
DO levels have also been depressed .in many stretches of the
Passaic River basin, as well as in portions of the Raritan
Bay-Arthur Kill-Newark Bay-Hackensack Estuary complex, the
Upper Millstone River basin,'and along many stretches of
tidal tributaries to the Delaware River-Main Stem. DO con-
centrations in streams-within the Atlantic Coastal Plain
and the Delaware tributaries below Trenton are expected to
improve to satisfactory levels when municipal treatment plants
are upgraded to at least secondary treatment or their discharges
are diverted to waterways having greater assimilative capacity.
Surface waters in Camden and Mercer counties, will also
require relief from urban runoff and combined sewer overflow
loadings before DO levels can be restored to levels stipulated
within the state water quality standards.
° Surface Waters Contaminated by Toxics
The presence of toxics in the water column, fish tissue and/or
sediments 'can become the most significant water quality problem
in the state. Although data on instream toxic levels are
limited, sufficient information is available to conclude that
industrial toxicants are a potentially widespread problem.
Volatile organics, pesticides, PCBs/and heavy metals exist in
at least very low concentrations throughout state waterways.
35
-------
The highest volatile organic levels were found to be in
areas adjacent to. industrialized or urban centers. Metals,
PCBs, and pesticides were discovered in fish tissue from
many areas of the state and appeared to be highest in certain
catadromous and anadromous species. Some waterways of the .
state are of particular concern. The tidal waterways which
adjoin New York Harbor, for example, have shown signs of
toxicant contamination in the sediment, water column, and biota.
Elevated PCB levels and abnormally high metal concentrations
have been recorded in sediments in Raritan Bay. Petroleum-
based hydrocarbons are at levels sufficient to cause mortality
to some benthic species, and many dissolved metals in the
water column in Raritan Bay are also at levels sufficient to
impair certain organisms. Toxicant problems of varying
levels of :5everity are by no means limited to just waters in
the New York Harbor complex.
Instream.un-ionized ammonia levels caused by municipal and
industrial sources in both the Passaic and Raritan basins
have at tines reached levels which are potentially toxic to
instream species. Landfills in many areas of the state
continue to pose serious threats to both surface and ground water
quality due to toxicant leachate, (e.g., the Ventron site in
the Hackens;ack Meadowlands and the Kin-Buc landfill in the lower
Raritan Bar.in) .
The presence of toxics in New Jersey waters has impacted
finfishing in the state. All fishing is banned in some
tributaries of the Delaware Estuary due to chlordane contamination
Striped bass and American eel harvested from certain waterways
are prohibited from being sold in the state due to high PCB
levels. The state has also urged that bluefish, white perch,
striped bas.s, American eel, and white catfish taken from
other water-ways be eaten only once a week due to possible
PCB contamination.
0 Lack of Data on the Contamination of Surface Waters by Toxics
As just discussed, one of the most significant water quality
problems in the state of New Jersey is contamination by toxic
substances. Municipal and industrial discharges, residual
wastes (sludges), sewer overflows, oil and hazardous material
spills, landfill leachate, and other sources contribute to the
toxics found in New Jersey waters. To date, toxics monitoring
has been conducted to establish base conditions and on a case-
by-case basis in New Jersey. As_additional monitoring is
conducted, new toxics contamination problems may be discovered.
For this reason, toxics are considered to be a potential
environmental problem area throughout the state.
36
-------
8 Marine Pollution Problems
Impaired Fishing .- Shellfish
Over the period from 1971 to 1979, 18,660 acres, of shellfish
harvest areas along the Jersey coast were downgraded from
"Approved" to a more restrictive classification. Approximately
25 percent of these areas were reclassified "Fully Condemned".
The general decline in classification was attributed to in-
creased recreational and development pressures in coastal
areas and to municipal discharges. In 1980, over 5,000 acres
were upgraded. During 1981 an additional net gain of approx-
imately 2,500 acres was established. The 1982 reclassifications
resulted in a net loss of slightly over 200 acres. This recent,
overall change in trends is largely attributable to the up-
grading of municipal facilities, and the subsequent diversion
of these discharges into coastal waters offshore via regional
ocean outfall lines.
Tabulations of shellfish closure/reopening records, annual
shellfish harvest catch and shellfish harvest compositions
are indicated in Tables 7, 8, and 9.
Impaired Contact Recreation
Swimming is a major recreational activity in New Jersey.
NJDEP estimates that the state had over 114,000 linear feet
of freshwater beaches and 285,000 feet of saltwater'beaches
potentially available for recreational bathing. Cape May
and Ocean counties, located on the Atlantic coast, have the
greatest number of beaches in the state.
The quality of most of .New Jersey's fresh waters is unsuitable
for contact recreation, based upon the results of ambient
monitoring programs. The presence of fecal coliform in surface
fresh waters, is widespread throughout the state, and often
exists in high concentrations (greater than 200 MPN/ /100 ml).
Field data show that four entire watersheds in the state are
considered swimmable on the basis of ambient monitoring: the
Flat Brook, Paulins Kill and Mullica River watersheds and the
Delaware River mainstem above Trenton. These watersheds are
also the only basins which in their entirety will meet the 1983
swimmable goal of the Clean Water Act. In the remainder of the
state many bathing beaches exist in non-tidal waters, but are
limited for the most part to the headwater areas in each basin.
37
-------
TABLE 7
OCEAN AND ESTUARINE SHELLFISH GROWING AREA ACREAGE RECLASSIFIED
Year
Adopted
Total Acres
Downgraded
Total Acres
Upgraded
Net
Change
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
3,011
98
173
12,858
583
42
2,353
5,018
5,462
2,490
2,951
2,800
5,403
14,332
8,275
1,129
1,599
2,135
885
146
0
5,511
-
+ 5
+ 14
- 4
+
+ 1
-
' - 4
- 5
- 2
+ 2
211
,305'
,157
,583
546
,557
218
,133
,316
,490
,560
TABLE 8
YEARLY NEW JERSEY SHELLFISH CATCHES
Year
1970
1971
1972
197.3
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
Catch (in pounds)
42,955,839
32,067,077
25,303,811
24,896 494
25,501,852
38,325,940
31,519,713
39,302,494
34,925,000
45,281,000
37,616,000
TABLE 9
COMPOSITION OF SHELLFISH YEARLY CATCHES AND MONETARY VALUES
1979-1980
Species
Hard Clam
Soft Clam
Oyster
Surf Clam
Quahog
Scallops (ocean;
Totals
1979
Catch (pounds) Values (dollars
898,000
1,190,000
1,675,000
12,325,000
24,968,000
5,225,000
45,281,000
1,570,000
208,000
2,360,000
6,300,000
7,500,000
16,850,000
34,790,000
Catch
845,000
336,000
771,000
9,597,700
22,574,300
3,492,600
1980
Value
1,695,000
375,000
1,167,300
4,791,000
6,772,800
13,760,100
37,616,600 28,561,200
38
-------
The coastal waters of the Atlantic Ocean are swimmable with the
exception of some small, localized beaches which may be closed
after storm events. Large stretches adjoining Raritan Bay in
Monmouth County, however, are closed to bathing and also shell-
fishing due in part to bacterial contamination entering from
the Raritan Estuary and Arthur Kill to the west.
Impaired Fisheries In The Ocean
The large quantities of raw and inadequately treated municipal
wastes, and present and past industrial discharges in the Hudson/
Raritan estuaries, combined with the ocean dumping of dredged
material and sewage sludge has impacted finfish populations and
shellfish beds in the New York Bight. Marine pollution has
contributed to three major problems: (1) the closure of shell-
fishing areas due to bacterial contamination, (2) toxic
contamination of sediments and fish from the New York Bight
Apex to the outer continental shelf-slope break, (3) coastal
eutrophication.
There are currently six active dump sites in the New York Bight,
where the disposal of waste materials from New Jersey, as well
as New York, is permitted. Four of these sites are located
in the New York Bight Apex. The six-active sites (Figure 27)
are:
0 Sewage Sludge (12-mile) Dump Site
0 Acid Waste Dump Site
0 Cellar Dirt (Rubble) Dump Site
0 Chemical Waste (106-mile) Dump Site
0 Wood Incineration Dump Site
0 Dredged Material (Mud) Dump Site
The annual average discharge of dredged material in the Bight
over the next several years is expected to be between 8 to 10
million cubic yards (5 to 7 million cubic yards from federal
projects, and 2 to 3 million cubic yards from non-federal projects)
The quantities of waste materials (other than dredged materials)
ocean dumped at these sites are shown in Table 10.
Studies conducted by the National Oceangraphic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) have demonstrated that many fishery
resources of the New York Bight are contaminated with toxics,
including petroleum hydrocarbons and PCBs. Species occurring
from the coastal waters of the New York Bight Apex to the
outer continental shelf-slope break showed unexpectedly high
levels of these contaminants. Measurements of trace metals
and organic contaminants in sediments collected over a broad
area of the continental shelf indicate that the seaward extent
of pollution may be greater than earlier expected. In
addition, outflow plumes from the Raritan/Hudson River complex
carry particulates and adsorbed. toxic cont-aminants out to
the continental shelf. Such materials eventually settle to
39
-------
the seabed and may be causing adverse effects on benthic
communities and finfish populations. Studies have identified
a higher incidence of skeletal deformities, mutagenic
aberrations and various shell or skin lesions in organisms
collected insihore and in and around dump sites.
FIGURE 27
Ocecn Disposal Sites
Kev to Dumo Site
1. Jlewage Sludge (12 mi.) -
2. t.cid Waste
3. Cellar Dirt
4 Chemical Waste
(106 ml.)
5. Hood IncineratioH
6. Drudge Material
1
.7
'8
11
>1
J9
53
23
03
20
26
i82
36
720
756
25
20
22
200
267
9.*7
0.4
0.3
5.7
16
40
-------
TABLE 10
QUANTITIES OF WASTE MATERIALS OCEAN
DUMPED IN THE NEW YORK BIGHT
Sewage Sludge Site
NJ Bergen Co. Util. Auth.
MJ Joint Meeting
NJ Linden Rosella/Rahway Valley
NJ Middlesex Co. Sew. Auth.
NJ Middletown Twp. Sew. Auth.
NJ Passaic Valley Sew. Ccmm.
NJ Municipalities
NY Glen Cove
NY Nassau Co. DPW
NY New York City DEP
NY Wetchester Co. DEF
Acid Wastes Site
NJ Allied Chemical Corp.
NJ DuPont - Grasselli
NJ NL Industries, Inc.
Cellar Dirt Site (1)
* Moran Towing Corp.
* Water Tunnel Contractors
Chemical Waste Site
NJ American Cyanamid Co.
NJ Camden -Sewage Sludge
NJ Chevron Oil Co.
NY Con Edison - Fly Ash
* Digest Cleanout
DE Dupont - Edge Moor
NJ Dupont - Grasselli
* General Marine Trans. Corp
NJ Hess Oil Co.
* Modern Trans. Co.
Wood Incineration (1)
* Corps of Engineers
New York City
* Ocean Burning, Inc.
* Weeks Stevedoring
(1) Quantities in thousands of dry tons
(*) Wastes generated in New York and New Jersey
(in
1973
231
129
3y 67
342
10
555
260
7
363
2540
74
4578
65
157
2540
2762
835
139
974
130
27
•
45
127
8
37
374
_^B-»
11
11
thousand wet tons)
1974
242
125
142
340
11
517
348
4
344
2050
80
4203
62
86
2190
2338
770
__
770
151
___
29
—
102
170
39
491
8
8
16
1975
278
116
142
331
20
570
300
4
357
2040
112
4270
53
2030
2083
396
— -
396
128
24
106
290
—
86
634
.2
6
6
1976
246
88
228
300
18
576
212
7
409
2150
138
4375
52
1360
1412
315
315
131
27
180
5
69
412
- -.3
8
8
1977
225
86
227
305
15
729
139
6
386
2210
157
4485
32
__
666
698
379
-—
379
143
53
—
18
418
118
91
843
13
2
15
1978
235
226
232
544
19
602
134
4
390
2480
108
4974
29
1360
1389
241
241
122
59
18
409
189
79
879
16
2
18
1979
250
307
253
900
19
534
107
7
400
2809
346
5932
33
1509
1539
107
107
101
90
308
156
4
46
706
35
10
45
1980
273
416
347
1227
19
654
97
6
465
3255
425
7184
40
1907
1047
89
89
68
2
52
238
237
23
620
5.6
3.1
0.8
1.0
10
1981
271
467
278
931
21
589
53
23
503
3320
226
6682
36
1720
1756
0
0
25
— _
20
22
200
.
.
—
267
9.7
0.4
n.3
5.7
16
41
-------
NOAA studies of benthic populations and communities indicate
that benthic diversity and standing stocks are low in active
ocean dump site areas, and also suggest a slow recovery in
the berthos at discontinued dump sites.
Evidence from NOAA studies also points to severe coastal
eutrophication in waters of the Bight. This eutrophication
may have increased the organic loading in areas to beyond
their assimilative capacity, thus causing local areas to
have bct.tom oxygen concentrations below those which are
healthy for most marine life. Hypoxia (very low oxygen),
causing mortality, has occurred in the Bight several times in
the last decade and a half. Seabed oxygen demand was found
to be greater nearshore and in areas receiving inputs of
organic carbon due to ocean dumping.
While these environmental impacts are associated with several
pollution sources, ocean dumping plays a major adverse role.
Additional applications for ocean dumping other wastes (e.g.,
coal ash and low level radioactive wastes) are expected.
Applications for significantly increasing the volume of wastes
dumped by current users are highly probable.
0 Impact of Non-Point Sources on Water Quality
Non-point source (NFS) impacts are significant in many areas of
the state. The major NFS categories include direct urban
runoff, agricultural runoff, and septic and landfill leachate.
These dispersed sources have resulted in a host of instream
problems ranging from bacterial contamination (e.g., from
dairy runoff) to lake eutrophication (e.g., in agricultural
basins) to toxicant elevations (e.g., from pesticide runoff
in rural areas and industrial toxicant discharges""!:rom
landfills and from runoff in urban areas). The cumulative impact
of these sources has been significant in many of the basins
in the state.
Many lakes are directly affected by agricultural NFS runoff
and consequently experience excessive algal proliferation and
lake sedimentation. The extent of this problem is reflected
by the high percentage of lakes statewide which experience al- •
gal blooms and by data which indicate that over 45 percent of the
values sampled over the last few years exceed instream phos-
phorus standards. Agricultural runoff is also suspected of
contributing to high levels of pesticides in some basins of the
state.
42
-------
Direct urban storm runoff is a serious problem in heavily
populated and industrialized sections of New Jersey, particularly
in the northeastern part of the state. The problem is com-
pounded by the fact that many sewer systems are still operating
as combined sewer overflows (CSOs). In addition to carrying
organic pollutants and high bacterial levels, urban storm runoff
can carry toxic and other hazardous substances from industrial
sites and other urban locations. The high bacterial and
toxicant levels in waterways in the New York Harbor complex
(e.g., Raritan Bay, and the Arthur Kill) undoubtedly reflect
urban NFS runoff and other sources, such as CSOs.
Leachate and seepage of pollutants from dumps and poorly
designed or inadequate landfills are causing serious contam-
ination of resources throughout the state (primarily ground
water). Municipal and industrial wastes deposited in landfills
and dumps often contain or -produce toxic and other hazardous
pollutants which pose threats to both instream species and
potable water supplies.
High bacterial levels are a problem in both tidal and non-tidal
waterways. Non-point sources (NFS), and improperly operating
and antiquated treatment plants are. suspected of being the
primary origin of the high bacterial levels in non-tidal water-
ways, while both NFS and combined sewer overflows contribute
to the bacterial contamination of tidal waterways such as the
Passaic, Hackensack, Raritan, and Delaware estuaries and the
back-bay areas of Atlantic and Cape May counties. Excessive
fecal coliform levels in lakes and streams in southern New •
Jersey have been caused primarily by malfunctioning septic
tanks. Urban runoff and combined and storm sewers and, in
some cases, inadequate disinfection of wastewaters have
resulted in the high fecal coliform levels found in the lower
reaches of most streams in Camden County, Mercer County, and
the urban northeast. Dairy farm runoff probably plays a
significant role in elevated bacterial levels in the Delaware
River tributaries north of Mercer County. As a result of these
widespread bacterial sources, the majority of the state's
non-tidal waterways do not at present meet the national fishable-
swimmable objective because of bacterial concentrations.
Another problem which is quite pervasive throughout the state
is high instream nutrient levels and resulting eutrophication.
In many of the rural areas of the state, the high nutrient
levels are often related to agricultural or suburban runoff
or to the inability of streams to assimilate treatment plant
effluent. New Jersey has approximately 1,000 lakes and ponds
within its borders on which DEP has undertaken biological
investigations and evaluated eutrophication levels under the
Clean Lakes program. At least 460 lakes have been sampled
once since the program began in 1975 and 299 have been sampled
43
-------
twice. Of the lakes sampled in each county, those with the
largest percentage of eutrophic conditions occur in Middlesex,
Cape May. Sussex, and Salem counties. The survey also
indicates that Passaic County has the lowest percentage of
presumed-eutrophic lakes, 3.4 percent.
Non-point sources have contributed to the impairment of contact
recreation in over half of the non-tidal waterways of the state
and, in shoreline regions close to urban areas, have precluded
shellfish Harvesting in many coastal back-bay areas. They have
also reduced the availability of potable supplies in some
basins, and contributed to elevated toxicant levels in tidal
and non-t:.dal waterways.
There is a need for greater water quality monitoring so that
specific pollution sources can be identified. The long-term
ambient water quality monitoring programs currently in use
in the state may be adequate for identifying general water.
quality conditions. However, if water quality is to be im-
proved in the most efficient manner, monitoring is needed to
determine actual water pollution sources and impacts on designated
uses. Wat.or quality management activities can then be directed
to allevic.lze the problems.
° Loss of Wetlands in Coastal Zones
In and around the highly developed areas of the state, urban
sprawl continues to destroy wetlands. The loss of wetlands
in coastal zones contributes to the loss of fish spawning
habitat ard fisheries resources and decreases water quality.
Estimates :,ndicate that New Jersey has lost abut 40 percent
of its wetlands since the 1930's. The Hackensack Meadowlands
and wetlands in the vicinity of Atlantic City are under in-
tense pressure for- development. The piecemeal alteration and
destruction of wetlands through draining, dredging, filling,
and other means has had an adverse cumulative impact on
natural resources in the-coastal zone. The destruction of
wetlands, and /or their degradation, represents an irreversible
and irretrievable loss of valuable aquatic resources.
The further loss of wetlands may arise from continued unwise
land use practices. The Corps of Engineers and EPA can
prevent any further degradation of this important natural
resource by carefully reviewing Section 404 permit.applications
for construction projects, or in the provision of financial
or technical assistance for EPA or Corps funded activities.
Activities in wetland areas should be scrutinized so that
losses are avoided or minimized wherever possible.
44
-------
SURFACE DRINKING WATER
Status of Public Water Supply Systems
The sources of drinking water in New Jersey include rivers,
reservoirs, streams, lakes, and groundwater. There are over
7,000 active public water systems throughout the state. The
systems are characterized in Figure 28 by the type of system,
water supply source, and population served.
FIGURE 28
WflTER SUPPLY SYSTEMS.
NEW JERSEY
PWS SOURCE
POPULATION SERVED
PWS TYPE
SURFflCE HflTER
73 (122)
SURFRCE HflTER
4,829,000 (617.)
GROUND WflTER
551 (887.1
8ROUNO WflTER
3,307,000 (397.)
The majority (61 percent) of New Jersey's population served
by community water supplies (CWS) uses surface waters as the
primary source of drinking water; the rest use ground water.
The larger systems are usually well operated and experience
relatively few violations of drinking water standards. As
shown in Figure 29, there are numerous small and very small
systems throughout the state. Most violations of drinking
water standards occur in these smaller systems.
45
-------
FIGURE 29
60-
5O -
Z
2 10-
£—•
CD
SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF CNS'S
MEN JERSEY
e—
en
30-
20-
10-
O-1—
Si.SX
•11%
Legend
CZ3 CWS's
•• POP SERVED
SIZE CflTEGORY
Overall, the quality of drinking water provided in these
public water supply systems is fair. (Figures 30 and 31).
In1 1981, 60 percent of the systems were in full compliance
with the national drinking water standards pertaining to
microbioLogical quality; 26 percent were intermittent violators
and 14 percent were persistent violators.
FIGURE 30
PER3ENTRGE OF COMMUNITY PNS'S IN VIOLRTION
NEW JERSEY
30 -i
_
1 ce:
i OJ
2S-;
20-
15-
10-
24%
Q
Legend
1980
1981
SIZE CflTEGORY
46
-------
FIGURE 31
COMMUNITY PWS'S WITH TURBIDITY
NEW JERSEY
BRCTI VIOLATIONS
70-
56%
Legend
1980
1981
ZERO 1-3 >3
NUMBER OF VIOLflTIONS
Of the total, 76 percent of the systems met the turbidity
standard, 14 percent were intermittent violators, and 10
percent were persistent violators.
There were no significant violations of the inorganic drinking
water standards for arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead,
mercury, nitrate, selenium, silver, and flouride or of the
organic drinking water standards for endrin, lindane, methoxy-
chlor, toxaphene, 2,4-D, and 2,4,5-TP silvex or the standard
for trihalomethanes. No data are available on the radiation
drinking water standards.
Priority Drinking Water Problems
0 Insufficient Water Quantity
Northeastern New Jersey's water supply shows serious shortages
especially during drought periods. Water demand forecasts
show a potential drought condition deficit of 107 million
gallons per day by 1990. The overall state deficit by 1990
is projected to be 181 million gallons per day.
47
-------
Drought situations are a major cause of water quantity
shortfalls, with summer tourism, groundwater contamination,
and development of critical watershed areas contributing
to the problem. Experience from drought situations indicates
that the water quantity problem is exaggerated by poor inter-
connection capabilities, which prevent dependable distribution
during drought conditions.
0 Persistent Violations in Public Water Supply Systems
In FY'81, 60 percent of the public water supply systems were
in full compliance with national drrnking water standards
pertaining to microbiological quality; of the 40 percent
out of compliance, 14 percent were persistent violators.
Seventy-six percent of the systems met the turbidity standards
with only one percent characterized as persistent violators.
The pers.'.stent violations problem in New Jersey is caused
by:
0 Failure of some purveyors to submit their monthly report
to DEP, and
0 Failure on the part of DEP to initiate adequate enforcement
action against repeat violators.
Major problems stem from water purveyor non-compliance with
rules corcerning regulated contaminants, and from the state
not evaluating an adequate number of public non-community
supplies. Data on the compliance of the state's approximately
620 public community water supplies over a three-month period
identified 5 violations for turbidity and 541 violations
involving failure on the part of the purveyors to monitor
or to report monitoring results.
Another major problem currently faced in the drinking water
program is contamination of groundwater sources by toxic
pollutants and salt water intrustion. As discussed in the
next section, on ground water, a number of wells have been
closed throughout the state due to contamination by organic
chemicals. There are no national drinking water standards
for these toxic contaminants, nor are there routine analyses
for them in drinking water supplies.
48
-------
GROUND WATER
Status of Ground Water Resources
Natural groundwater quality is generally very good throughout
New Jersey; most groundwaters can be used for potable purposes
without treatment. Common problems which are naturally
occurring and require treatment in some areas include high
iron, dissolved solids, manganese, hardness, and variations
in pH. However, these problems do not limit use of the
groundwaters.
The development of groundwater resources can be limited by
contamination of the resources through man's activities. The
two common methods of contamination include introduction of
pollutants, especially toxics, and overpumping.
The major geologic regions of the state are shown in Figure 32
FIGURE 32
PRINCIPAL GEOLOGIC REGIONS IN NEW JERSEY
-------
Figure 33 shows the location of communities where public water
supply (PWSS) wells are contaminated with synthetic organic
chemicals. It shows that the contamination is widespread and
not restricted to a particular area of the state. Currently,
20 wells in 13 community public water supply systems are closed
due to synthetic organic chemical contamination.
FIGURE 33
COMMUNITIES WITH WELL CONTAMINATION IN NEW JERSEY
i-.J
A = oomnunities with 1 or more
contaminated PWS well
50
-------
Priority Groundwater Problems
0 Toxic Contamination of Groundwater Supplies
Groundwater pollution is a serious and immediate problem when
municipal or residential supplies are contaminated. The
NJDEP has closed 74 public supply wells since 1971. Ninety
percent were closed because of contamination by organic and
industrial chemicals. Many of these contamination events
were due directly to point sources. A monitoring study by
the NJDEP Office of Cancer and Toxic Substances Research
found approximately 30 wells (out of 670) to be contaminated,
with more than one chemical group.
Many causes of groundwater pollution exist. Three-hundred
registered landfills are found in the state, along with 91
known abandoned landfills and illegal dump sites. Of these
391 sites, 75 are or'are suspected of contaminating ground
water. Roughly 7 billion gallons of landfill leachate are
generated in New Jersey each year and much of this leachate
enters groundwater systems. Three hundred and fifty-six
waste disposal surface impoundments have been identified in
the state, 65 percent of which are unlined. This may be
leading to 6 billion gallons of leachate liquid entering the
ground water each year. Accidental spills (2,512 petroleum
and chemical spills- in 1981 alone), leaking underground
storage tanks and pipelines, oh-site wastewater disposal
systems, and other sources are contaminating groundwater
resources to a varying extent. Over the next several decades
it is expected that of the 75 million gallons a day of ground
water used for potable purposes, 40 to 50 million gallons a
day will be lost because of pollution. Major investments in
the 1980s will be required for additional water treatment,
groundwater resource development and protection, and aquifer
restoration in New Jersey. Adequate funding for permitting,
monitoring, and enforcement programs must be provided if this
resource is to be protected.
There is substantial evidence that the groundwater underlying
the Lang Dump Site in the Pine Barrens is contaminated.
Contamination from the Price Landfill in Pleasantville may
threaten Atlantic City's water supply. Hazardous wastes
dumped at a municipal disposal site in Jackson Township in
Ocean County have resulted in the leaching of chlorinated
industrial solvents and other toxic organic chemicals into
the aquifer, which is the source of private drinking water for
more than 100 homes in a nearby development. The wells have
been closed, and an alternative water supply system has been
constructed for the area. However, the decontamination of
these ground waters is technically difficult and expensive.
51
-------
0 Saltwater Intrusion into Groundwater Supplies
Overpurapage has led to the intrusion of saltwater into formerly
freshwater wells along the coast, rendering the water unsuitable
for use. Lowering of groundwater levels has also resulted
from overpumpage in many water-bearing formations throughout
the state, although it is most severe in the Coastal Plain.
Currently, an estimated 500 million gallons per day (mgd) are
being pumped from Coastal Plain Aquifers, causing lowering
water levels in areas of Middlesex, Monmouth, Burlington,
Camden, Ocean, Atlantic, Cape May, Gloucester, and Salem
counties. In addition, this problem may be affecting streams
dependent, upon groundwater inflows.
Many of the above noted problems in the Coastal Plain of
southern New Jersey are also occurring in northern New Jersey
where resource development has exceeded the recovery capacity
of certain groundwater systems. Basic information gathering
activities (mapping, exploration, consumption and recharge
rates, and impact on water levels) are in the planning process,
but lacking in many regions of central and northern New Jersey.
52
-------
SOLID WASTE
There are two primary classifications of solid waste: hazardous
and non-hazardous. Hazardous wastes are defined as wastes
that have the potential to cause or significantly contribute
to serious illness or death, or pose a substantial threat to
human health or the environment when improperly managed. Non-
hazardous waste includes all discarded materials (such as
municipal refuse, rubbish, incinerator residue, demolition
and construction debris, and sludges) that do not fall under
the definition of hazardous waste.
STATUS OF NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
There are three major non-hazardous waste management problems
in New Jersey:
0 Commingling of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes in municipal
landfills,
0 Exhaustion of available disposal volume in active sites
currently in use by both urban and rural areas, and
i
0 Contamination of groundwater by uncontrolled municipal dumps.
The commingling problem is evidenced by the fact that out of
65 Superfund sites located in New Jersey, 15 were actually
municipal waste landfills contaminated by hazardous wastes.
Exhaustion of available disposal volume is a potential waste
management problem that may soon be faced by several large
municipalities in the state.. The diminishing capacity of
landfills in the Hackensack Meadowlands is an example of
this problem. Impacts on groundwater from past disposal
practices are evident throughout New Jersey (see Groundwater,
page 49).
Two promising approaches to dealing with non-hazardous waste
management problems are resource recovery and improved
landfill technology. Resource recovery takes two basic
forms: recovery of materials through source separation
techniques, and recovery of energy through controlled incineration.
In addition to providing disposal capacity, resource recovery
is a partial answer to the problem of commingling of hazardous
with non-hazardous wastes. A modern plant provides opportunities
to examine and control the contents of incoming refuse to
screen out hazardous wastes. For example, tank trucks and
drums cannot pass undetected onto the tipping floor of an
incinerator. Fears of toxic contamination, however, have
generated citizen opposition to incineration. Sampling and
analysis to prove the safety of energy-producing incineration
would help private disposal firms, states, and local governments
to implement needed resource recovery projects.
53
-------
Improvement of land disposal technology generally takes the
form of liners and leachate collection in new facilities--
the same techniques as for hazardous waste landfills. Existing
sites, however, can be remediated only at great expense, and
will in most cases, continue to degrade local groundwater
over decades to come.
PRIORITY NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE PROBLEM
0 Municipal Landfills Containing Toxic Materials
Contamination of .surface water and groundwater supplies has
occurred in New Jersey as a result of viral, bacterial, and
toxic contaminants from municipal landfills. "
EPA no longer supports state non-hazardous waste programs.
The result in New York and New Jersey is that two major
activities mandated by Subtitle. D of the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA) are left incomplete: the Open Dump
Inventory and the state Solid Waste Management Plans. Federal
oversight of state nonhazardous waste programs has also
ceased, except for ad hoc attention as important problems
surface.
STATUS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL
Over 3,600 companies and institutions in New Jersey handle
hazardous waste. This includes generators, as well as
facilities that store, treat or dispose of hazardous wastes.
Facilities that treat, store or dispose (TSDs) of hazardous
wastes are required to apply for a permit from EPA. There
are 505 of these facilities in New Jersey.
In an-e.f f oirt to identify facilities that have a significant
potential i:or adverse environmental effects, priority has
been given to TSDs that are required to comply with the
interim status groundwater monitoring standards of Part 265.
There are (55 such TSDs in New Jersey, each having a hazardous
waste landiiill, surface impoundment, land treatment activity,
waste pile,, or some combination (Figure 34).
New Jersey's manifest system logs off-site shipments of '
"special wastes", which is somewhat more inclusive than the
federal definition of hazardous wastes under Part 261. For
example, PCBs are included in the state category, and the
small generator exclusion is more strict than the federal
one. During its first year of operation, the system recorded
that 400,000 tons of special waste were shipped.
54
-------
FIGURE 34
PRIORITY TSDS IN NEW JERSEY
Z « MAJOR STORAGE / TREATMENT
X • SURFACE IMPOUNDMENT
A • INCINERATORS
O - LAND DISPOSAL
55
-------
PRIORITY HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL PROBLEMS
0 Siting of Hazardous Waste Facilities
Of the 20 facilities that provide off-site treatment in New
Jersey, only Rollins Environmental Services currently provides
a broad range of treatment processes/ including incineration.
Rollins has the state's only commercial off-site incinerator for
hazardous wastes. Inland Chemical and SCA Services-Earthline
Division, both in Newark, are regional reprocessing facilities,
specializing in solvent and materials recovery. The remaining
firms are smaller/ providing waste oil or petrochemical
recovery, or temporary waste storage and repacking prior to
transfer to an ultimate disposal facility. If new facilities
are needed :heir siting will likely be a significant problem.
° Timely Issuance of RCRA Permits
Safe managemant and oversight of hazardous waste treatment,
storage and disposal (TSD) facilities involves the inspection
and technical evaluation process of RCRA permits. Current
EPA and sta.i:a resources are insufficient to complete all
necessary permits in a timely manner.
° Class I Violators of RCRA Requirements
Region II in experiencing significant problems in having TSD
facilities comply with the monitoring and financial responsibility
requirements; of the RCRA regulations. Monitoring is needed
at selected TSD facilities to determine if that facility is
having an impact on groundwaters. In financial requirements,
many TSD facilities have not posted insurance to cover damages,
these Class I violations could lead to future environmental
problems.
STATUS OF UNCONTROLLED HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES
En December 1982, EPA published a list of the worst 418
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites in the country. EPA asked
for public review of and comment on this list, which is
known as the National Priorities List. The list included 65
sites in the State of New Jersey. These sites are shown on
Figure 35 and are listed in Table 11. Many of these sites
threaten public drinking water supplies, or they are located
:.n substantially populated areas., or both.
PRIORITY SUPERFUND PROBLEMS
" Uncontrolled Sites on the National Priorities List (NPL)
As mentioned above, New Jersey has 65 sites on the NPL. Each
of these is considered a high priority by both Regional and
s.tate management.
' 56
-------
FIGURE 35
SUPERFUND SITES IN NEW JERSEY
57
-------
TABLE 11
Map
No.
Site Name
20 American Cyanamid
64 A.O. Polyirer
00
50 Asbestos Dump
New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
National Priorities List December 30, 1982
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 Benzene
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Chloroform
1,2 dichloroethane
Surface Water
0 Chloroform
Ground Water
0 Trifluorotrichloro-
ethane ,
0 Acetone )
0 Methyl ethyl ketone
0 Methylene chloride
0 Trichloroethane
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Tetrachloroethylene
Surface Water
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Chloroform
0 Formaldehyde
Surface Water
0 Asbestos
Potential Impart-?
Private & public water supply
are threatened.
/"."I -,->« , — * ~ •
v^-*.Cv*l I ^*t~'_-ru^ *
Raritan river used for public
water supply serving 500,000
people is threatened.
Privately owned wells
serving 760 people may be
threatened.
Asbestos is entering the
Passaic River which supplies
the Passic Valley Water Comm.
with raw water. Serves
300,000 people.
National Gypsum Co.,
in agreement with
NJDEP to cover the
dump and stabilize the
river bank.
-------
New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
42
Site Name
Beachwood/Berkley
Wells
35 Bog Creek Farm
Ul
10 Brick Township
Landfill
Bridgeport Rental
and Oil Services,
Inc.
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 Lead
Ground Water
0 Tetrachloroethylene
0 Toluene
0 Trichloroethylene
Surface Water
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Toluene
0 Tetrachloroethylene
0 Benzene
Ground Water
0 Benzene
0 Chlorobenzene
0 1,2 Dichloroethane
0 Chlordane
0 Heptachlor
Ground Water
0 Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
0 Chlorobenzene
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Pentachlorophenol
0 Benzene
0 Vinyl chloride
0 Polychlorinated
biphenyls
Surface Water
0 Benzene
0 Vinyl chloride
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Polychlorinated
biphenyls
Potential Impacts
0 Private residential wells
contaminated with lead.
Clean-up Action
0 Remedial Action Master
Plan under development
State Park and trout stream and
North Branch Squankcm Brook
leading to Manasquan River are
threatened.
0 Private domestic wells near
landfill were recommended to
be closed.
0 Water supply of 26,600 people
is threatened.
0 The public and private
drinking water supplies for
approximately 4900 people
in Gloucester County are
threatened; the supplies
include Pureland Water
Company wells, a Pennsgrove
municipal well, two Brunswick
municipal wells and some
privately-owned wells.
A State Superfund Contract
was signed on 10/29/82 for
surficial clean-up of the
lagoon.
-------
NEW JERSEY
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
Site Name
ButiiL rj.y bcxj
Caldwell Trucking
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 1,2-dichloroethane
0 Arsenic
0 Lead
0 Benzene
0 Polychlorinated
biphenyls
Surface Water
0 Polychlorinated
biphenyls
0 Xylene
Ground Water
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Chloroform
0 1,2-dichloroethylene
0 Lead
0 1,1,1-trichloroethane
Surface Water
0 Chloroform
Potential Impacts
The public and private drink-
ing water supplies for at
least 15,000 people in Mon-
mouth County are threatened.
Clean-up Action
A feasibility study is
expected in 12/82.
Remedial design is ex-
pected in 3/83.
Two public wells in Fairfield
serving approximately 8,000
people have been condemned.
1,300 private drinking water
wells that serve approximately
5,000 people are threatened.
Contaminated groundwater
empties into the Passaic River
at a point approximately 2
miles from the potable water
intake on the river. Approxi-
mately 200,000 people get
their drinking water from the
river.
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New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
27
Site Name
Chemical Control
36
Chemsol
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 Polychlorinated
biphenyls
0 Toluene
0 Dichloroethylene
Surface Water
0 Ttoluene
0 Polychlorinated
biphenyls
0 Benzene
0 Trichloroethene
0 Trihalcmethanes
Air
0 Benzene
0 Toluene
0 Xylene
0 Phosgene
Potential Impacts
Ground Water
0 Chloroform
0 Tetrachlorethylene
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Carbon tetrachloride
0 Toluene
0 Benzene
Surface Water
0 Chloroform
0 Tetrachloroethylene
0 Carbon tetrachloride
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Contaminated surface run-off
flows into the Arthur Kill
and the Elizabeth River.
0 Approximately 14,000 people
in Elizabeth who live within
a 1-mile radius of the site
may be affected by airborne
emissions.
0 Metropolitan New York City's
population may be affected
by airborne emissions, if
there are further fires or if
explosions occur.
Clean-up Action
The State is completing
procurement for the
following:
0 cleaning sewers
0 removing and replacing
damaged catch basins
0 completing site enclo-
sure
0 removing and disposing
gas cylinders
0 removing and disposing
truck bodies and trail-
ers
The State may take action
regarding other identi-
fied objects (possibly
drums).
The public and private drinking
water supplies for approximately
26,000 people, within a 3 mile
radius in Piscataway and adjacent
towns, are threatened.
Industrial process water may be
contaminated.
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New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
39
Site Name
Combe Fill North
Ldlldf ill
30 Combe Fill South
Landfill
CPS Chemical/Madison
Industries
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 Toluene
0 1,1,2-trichlorethane
0 Chloroform
Surface Water
0 Chloroform
0 Benzene
\
Ground Water'
0 Carbon tetrachloride
0 Tetrachloroethylene
.° Trichloroethylene
Surface Water
0 Carbon tetrachloride
0 Benzene
Ground Water
0 Benzene
0 Carbon tetrachloride
0 Bromoform.
0 1,1,1-trichloroethane
0 Methylene chloride
Surface Water
0 Carbon tetrachloride
0 Tetrachloroethylene
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Lead
0 Cadmium
Air
0 Zinc powder
0 Acid vapors
0 Methanol
0 Dimethyl adipate
0 Organic vapors
Potential Impacts
Clean-up Action
Musconetcong River -recreational
fishing threatened.
Private and public water
supply wells are threatened
in Charter Boro and Washing-
ton Township.
Trout Brook threatened.
0 The potable water supplies
for the 70,000 residents of
Perth Amboy and Sayreville are
threatened.
0 Industrial water supplies for
CPS chemical and Madison In-
dustries are threatened.
0 Prickett's Pond, which re-
charges the Perth Ambby well
field, receives contaminated
surface run-off via Prickett's
Brook.
0 Air contamination potentially affects
more than 67,000 people who
live within a 4-mile radius
from the site.
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New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
Site Name
48 Denzer and Schafer
X-Ray Co.
12 D1 Imperio Property
OJ
43 Dover Municipal
Well #4
59 Ellis Property
56 Evor Phillips
Leasing
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 1,1, Dichloroethane
0 Phenols
0 Toluene
0 Sodium Hydroxide
Ground Water
0 Chloroform
0 Toluene
0 Xylene
0 Vinyl chloride
0 1,2-dichloroethane
Ground Water
0 1,1,1, trichloroethane
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Tetrachloroethylene
Ground Water
0 PCBs
0 Hydrochloric Acid
Surface Water
0 PCBs
0 Hydrochloric Acid
Ground Water
0 Nitroquanadine
0 Unknown
Surface Water
0 Nitroquanadine
Potential Impacts
Cohansey Aquifer - Public
and private wells: serving
25,500 people are threatened.
The private and public drink-
ing water supplies for
approximately 10,000 people
in Hamilton Township (Atlantic
County) are threatened.
0 Public Water Supply wells
serving 32,000 people are
threatened.
No ground water analysis,
but soil contamination exists.
Private wells may be
threatened.
0 The public drinking water
supplies for Perth Amboy and
Sayreville may be threatened.
0 Tennant Pond, which is used
as a alternate source of
drinking water for Perth
Amboy and which recharges the
Perth Amboy well field, may
be threatened.
Clean-up Action
1981 Administrative
Order by DEP to clean
up site.
A State Superfund Contract
that was signed on 9/23/82
provides for the following:
0 design and construction
of a fence to enclose
the site
0 Wells closed August 1980.
0 Relocated town wells
1.5-2.5 miles upgradient
-------
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
38
Site Name
Potential Contaminants
Potential Impacts
Fairlawn
60
Friedman Property
Gloucester
Environmental
Mangagement
Services (GEMS)
Landfill
0 Carbon tetrachloride
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Tetrachloroethylene
0 Chloroform
0 1,1,1 trichloroethane
Ground Water
0 Mercury
0 Chromium
0 Lead
0 1,2-trans-
dichloroethylene
0 pentachlorophenol
Surface Water
0 Methylene chloride
0 Mercury
Ground Water
0 Benzene
0 Carbon tetrachloride
0 Chloroform
0 Toluene
0 1,1 ,1- trichloroethane
0 1 , 1-d ichloroethylene
Surface Water
0 Benzene
0 Carbon tetrachloride
0 1,1,1-trichloroethane
0 Chloroform
0 1 ,1-dichloroethylene
0 Toluene
Public waLei. tiuoply wells
serving 32,000 people are
threatened.
The privately-owned drink-
water supplies for approx-
imately 400 people are
threatened.
Clean-up Action
0 The private and public
drinking water supplies for
approximately 38,000 people
in Gloucester Township
(Camden County) are threat-
ened.
0 The recreational use of
Brink Lake is jeopardized.
0 Airborne emissions may
affect 38,000 people who
live within a 4-mile radius
of the site.
A Cooperative Agreement
that was signed on 9/23/82
provides for a feasibility
study to do the following:
0 assess the site condi-
tions
0 evaluate alternative
clean-up strategies
A Cooperative Agreement
is currently being develop-
ed.
Air
0 Organic vapors
(analyzed as benzene)
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New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
25
Site Name
Goose Farm
a\
en
49
Hercules, Inc.
[Gibbstown]
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 Benzene
0 Toluene
0 Ethyl benzene
0 Pentachlorophenol
0 Polychlorinated
biphenyls
Surface Water
0 Octane
0 Benzene
0 Toluene
0 Polychlorinated
biphenyls
Ground Water
0 Benzene
Surface Water
0 Benzene
Potential Impacts
0 The private and public
drinking water supplies for
approximately 1100 people
in Plumstead Township are
threatened.
Clean-up Action
An Action Memorandum that
was signed on 8/17/82 asks
for a feasibility study.
0 Drinking water supplies for
approximately 13,500 people in
Greenwich and Paulsboro are
threatened.
0 Irrigation water for 182
acres (equivalent to 273
people) is threatened.
0 Contaminated run-off empties
into the Delaware River.
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New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
Site Name
37 Imperial Oil
51
ON
Jackson Township
Landfill
31
JIS Landfill
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 PCBs
0 Petroleum Hydrocarbons
0 Arsenic
0 Trichloroethane
0 Xylene
0 Phenols
0 1,2 Dichlorethane
Surface Water
0 PCB's
0 Arsenic j
0 Lead
0 Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Ground Water
0 Toluene
0 Benzene
0 1,1,1-trichloroethane
0 Chloroform
0 1,1,2-trichloroethane
Ground Water
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Benzene
0 1,2 dichlorothane
0 Xylene
0 1,1, dichloroethylene
0 Chloroform
Potential Impacts
Clean-up Action
Private and puhli o
supply serving 20,076 people
is threatened.
0 Lake Lefferts w/in 7000 ft.
(Recreational usage)
Public water suppply
provided by state in
1979.
? Private residentail wells
serving 33,000 people are
threatened.
Unknown
Surface Water
0 Trichlorothylene
0 Benzene
0 1,2 dichlorothane
0 Xylene
0 Chloroform
Brook used for recreational
and agricultural uses is
threatened.
-------
Map
No.
19
Site Name
Kin-Buc Landfill
26 King of Prussia
New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 l,2,trans-
dichloroethylen
0 Phenol
0 Benzene
0 Chlorobenzene
0 Toluene
0 Polychlorinated
biphenyls
Surface Water
0 Polychlorinated
biphenyls
Air
1,1,1-trichloroethylene
Ground Water
0 Arsenic
0 Chloroform
Surface Water
0 Copper
Potential Impacts
Industrial water supplies
for users within a 3-mile
radius are threatened.
A coastal wetland is
threatened by surface run-
off from the site.
At least 2400 people living
within 0.5 mile of the site
plus industrial workers
within 0.25 mile may be af-
fected by the airborne emis-
sions.
0 Great Egg Harbor River is
threatened.
Clean-up Action
A party assumed responsi-
bility for collecting and
storing, in one area of
the landfill, the oily
phase of the leachate.
A State Superfund con-
tract that was signed on
7/7/82 provides for the
following:
0 interim remedial action
0 a long-term remedial
study
-------
Map
No.
Site Name
en
CO
New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
K*~^in6?r~ Landfill
Potentlal Contaminants
Ground water
0 Chloroform
0 Toluene
0 Heptachlor
0 Benzene
0 1,2-d ichlorobenzene
c Styrene
0 Cyanide
Surface Water
0 Chloroform
0 Toluene
0 Heptachlor
0 Vinyl chloride
0 Styrene
0 Cyanide
Air
0 Benzene
0 Ethylbenzene
0 Toluene
0 Styrene
0 Cyanide
Potential Impacts
0 The drinking water supply
for approximately 1500
people within a 3^nile rad-
ius of the site is threat-
ened.
0 Edwards Run, which is used
for irrigation and which
borders a recreational park,
may be contaminated with sur-
face run-off.
0 Approximately 710,000 people
who live within a 4-mile rad-
ius may be affected by the
airborne emissions.
Clean-up Action
An Action Memorandum that
was submitted to EPA HQ
asks for the following:
0 remedial investigation
0 a feasibility study
-------
New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
Site Name
13 Krysowaty Farm
cr>
23 Lang Property
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 Benzidine
0 Toluene
0 1,2-trans-
d ichloroethylene
0 Ethylbenzene
Potential Impacts
Surface Water
0 Toluene
0 1,2-trans-
dichloroethylene
0 Naphthalene
0 Benzidine
Air
0 Benzene (measured
by photo-ionizing
detection method
that was calibrated
to benzene)
Ground Water
0 Methylene chloride
0 Toluene
0 Xylene
0 Trichlorethylehe
Surface Water
0 Methylene chloride
0 Toluene
0 Xylene
0 Trichlorethylene
0 The privately-owned drinking
water supplies for approxi-
mately 5000 people who live
within a 3-mile radius are
threatened.
0 Approximately 1500 acres of
irrigated land (equivalent
to 2250 people) are threat-
ened.
0 Contaminated surface run-off
flows into the South Branch
of the Raritan River.
0 Approximately 1200 people
who live or go to school
within a 1-mile radius of
the site may be affected by
the airborne emissions.
Clean-up Action
Private drinking water
wells threatened.
0 Possible contamination of
a small stream nearby.
0 Commercial cranberry and
blueberry operations exist
adjacent to the site.
A State Superfund contract
is currently being develop-
ed.
-------
New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
Site Name
LiPari Landfill
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
0 Bis(2-chloroethoxy)-
ethane
0 Methylene chloride
0 Arsenic
0 Cadmium
0 Chromium
0 Dichloromethane
Surface Water
0 Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
0 Phenol
0 Toluene
0 1,2-dichloroethane
0 Lead
0 Ethylbenzene
0 Trichloroehtylene
0 Vinyl chloride
Air
0 Bis(chloroethyl)ether
0 Toluene
0 m- and p-Xylene
Potential Impacts
The public drinking water
supply for Pitman (population
11,000) is contaminated.
Irrigation water is contami-
nated .
Lake Alcyon, which is used
for fishing, recreation and
irrigation, is threatened.
Approximately 210 people who
live within 0.25 mile of the
site may be affected by air-
borne emissions.
Clean-up Action
A State Superfund contract
that was signed on 9/23/82 .
provides for the following:
0 the design and construc-
tion of a slurry wall and
cap
0 a feasibility study on
the treatment of the
groundwater within the
area
-------
New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
Site Name
Lone Pine Landfill
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 Benzene
0 Trichloroethane
0 Ethylbenzene
0 Toluene
0 Vinyl chloride
0 Aldrin
Surface Water
0 Benzene
0 Toluene
0 Ethylbenzene
Air
0 Benzene
Potential Impacts
0 The privately-owned drinking
water supplies for 6000
people who live within a
3-mile radius of the site are
threatened.
0 The irrigation water for ap-
proximately 400 acres (equiv-
alent to 600 people) is
threatened.
0 The Manasaquan River may re-
ceive contaminated surface
run-off.
Approximately 1000 people who
live within a 1-mile radius of
the site may be affected by the
airborne emissions.
Clean-up Action
A State Superfund contract
that was signed on 7/7/82
provides for a feasibility
study to evaluate alterna-
tive remedies.
63 M and T Delisa
Landfill
Ground Water
0 Polynuclear aromatics
0 Hydrocarbon
0 Acenapthene
0 Fluorene
0 Phenanthrene
Surface Water
0 Mercury
0 Beryllium
0 Polynuclear aromatics
0 Hydrocarbons
0 Acenapthene
0 Fluorene
0 Phenanthrene
0 Leachate has been noted enter-
ing a stream that empties into
Deal Lake.
0 Deal Lake, used for recrea-
tional fishing is threatened.
-------
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
Site Name
57 Mannheim Ave. r»imr>
18 Maywood Chemical
Sites
22 Metaltec/Aerosystems
40 Monroe Township
Landfill
53 Montgomery Housing
Development
Potential Contaminants
0 Trichloroethylene
Surface Water
0 Trichloroethylene
Soil
0 Thorium
Ground Water
0 Lead
Ground Water
0 1,1,2,2 Tetrachloro-
ethane
0 Toluene
0 Benzene
0 Hydrochloric Acid
Ground Water
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Tetrachloroethylene
0 1/1,1 trichloroethane
0 Chloroform
0 1,1, dichloroethane
0 1,2, dichloroethylene
0 1,1,2 trichloro-
trifluoroethane
Potential Impacts
349 private wells vi/in 3 mi.
radius are threatened.
Contamination by thorium
tailings; exposure to
radiation and radon gas.
Public and privately owned
wells serving 4,000 people
are threatened.
Public and private wells
are threatened.
Privately owned wells serv-
ing 6,110 people are
threatened.
Clean-up Action
0 Removal of contaminated
soil.
0 An Administrative Order
requiring a remedial
action plan was issued
on 6/26/81.
0 Connected to alternate
municipal water system.
-------
Map
No.
Site Name
61 Myers Property
21
N. L. Industries
New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Potential Contaminants
Potential Impacts
Clean-up Action
Ground Water
0 Trichloroethylene
0 ODD
0 DDE
0 DDT
0 Hexachlorobenzene
0 1,2,4 trichlorobenzene
0 1,3 dichlorobenzene
0 1,4 dichlorobenzene
0 1,2 dichlorobenzene
0 Chlorobenzene
0 1,2 dichloroethane * .
0 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethane
0.Tetrachloroethane
0 PCB-1242
0 Bis (2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
0 Di-n-butylphthalate
0 Hexachlorobenzene
0 Naphthalene
0 Phenol
0.Asbestos
0 White lead
Ground Water °
0 Lead
0 Selenium
0 Arsenic
0 Chromium
0 Copper
0 Privately owned wells serv-
ing 3,430 people may be
threatened.
Private wells serving 2,700
people are threatened.
Surface Water
0 Lead
0 Chromium
0 Potential contamination of
wetland and nearby creek.
-------
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
Site Name
62 Pepe Field
33 Pijak Farm
Potential Contaminants
firm i nri wa te r
0 Lindane
0 Copper
0 Zinc
Surface Water
0 Lindane
Air
0 Hydrogen sulfide odors
Ground Water
0 2-chlorophenol
0 2,4-dichlorophenol
0 4-nitrophenol
Surface Water
0 2,4-d ichlorophenol
Potential Impacts
FrivaLely owned weiis serv-
ing 90,100 people may be
threatened.
0 Runoff to Boonton Reservoir
could potentially threaten
public water supply serving
240,000 people.
The private and public drink-
ing water supplies for approx-
imately 1500 people who live
within a 3-mile radius of the
are threatened.
Clean-up Action
A Cooperative Agreement
that was signed on
.9/23/82 provides for a
feasibility study to do
the following:
0 assess site conditions
0 evaluate alternative
remedies
0 Funds have been obligated
for the feasibility
study.
-------
New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
65
Site Name
PJP Landfill
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 Barium
0 Chromium
0 Benzene
0 Chlorobenzene
0 Arsenic
0 Lead
Potential Impacts
0 Potential contamination of
surface water from runoff.
0 Potenial health hazard due
to combustion of landfill
debris.
Clean-up Action
Air
0 Phenol
0 Benzene
0 Chlorobenzene
Price Landfill
LP
Ground Water
0 Dichloroethylene
,° Trans-chloroethylene
0 Ethylene dichloride
0 Vinyl chloride
0 Lead
0 Arsenic
0 Chloroform
0 Benzene
Surface Water
0 Arsenic
0 Lead
0 Chloroform
0 Benzene
0 Vinyl chloride
Air
0 Benzene
0 Vinyl Chloride
0 Chloroform
The municipal drinking water
supply for at least 100,000
people in Atlantic City is
threatened.
The private drinking water
supplies for approximately
35 houses are threatened.
Absecon Bay, which is used
for recreation and fishing,
may be threatened by contam-
inated surface run-off from
the site.
Approximately 10,000 people
who live in Pleasantville,
Egg Harbor and Absecon may
be affected by airborne emis-
sions.
A Cooperative Agreement
that was signed on
6/18/82 provides for the
following:
0 leasing and installing
activated carbon fil-
ters at two Atlantic
City water supply wells
0 redeveloping or restor-
ing three existing
Atlantic City water
supply wells
0 implementing an on-
going monitoring pro-
gram
0 contingent funding for
the purchase of acti-
vated carbon for the
public wells
-------
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
15
Site Name
Reich Farms
Potential Contaminants
Oroi inrl
0 Toluene
0 Styrene ' ~'~_.
0 Phenol
0 Carbon chloroform
Potential Impacts
y Aquifer — pub tic
water supply which serves
approx. 45,000 people is
threatened.
Clean-up Action
47
Renora, Inc.
Ground Water
0 Toluene
0 o-,m- and p- xylene
0 Nonane
0 Chloroform
0 1,1,2 trichloroethane
An Edison Township drinking
water well that serves
24,000 people is threatened,
17 Ringwood Mines
Surface Water
0 Toluene
0 o-,m- and p- xylene
0 Nonane
0 Chloroform
0 1,1,1 trichloroethane
0 Tetrachloroethylene
Ground Water
0 Benzene
0 Ethylbenzene
0 Xylene
0 Chloroethane
0 1,1, dichloroethane
0 bis (2-ethyl hexylpthalate)
0 Cadmium
o
Private and public water supplies
serving 10,000 people are threatened.
Napthalene
Surface Water
0 Cadmium
0 Chromium
-------
New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERRJND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
Site Name
41 Rockaway Boro
Wellfield
32 Rockaway Township
Wells
52 Rockyhill Municipal
Well
44 Roebling Steel
Potential Contaminants
Groundwater
0 Cartoon tetrachloride
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Tetrachloroethylene
0 1,1 dichloroethane
0 1,2 dichloroethylene
0 Trichlorofluoromethane
0 Chloroform
Ground Water
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Di-isopropylether
Ground Water
0 Trichloroethylene
0 1,1,1 trichloroethane
0 1,2 dichloroethane
0 Tetrachloroethylene
0 .1,2 dichloroethylene
0 Chloroform
Ground Water
0 Cadmium
0 Copper
0 Lead
0 Zinc
0 Barium
Potential Impacts
Clean-up Action
' Privately owned wells and
public water supplies of
30,000 people may be threat-
ened.
' Groundwater flows to surface
water. Potential for contam-
ination of Rockaway River.
' Privately owned wells and
public water supplies of
ened.
1 Potential for.surface water
contamination due to proximity
to Beaver Brook.
0 Privately-owned wells and
public water supplies of
7,200 people may be threat-
ened .
Well water supply treat
with granulated activated
carbon.
0 Well water treated with
granulated activated
prior to distribution.
Alternate water supply
was provided.
Private drinking water
wells and a municipal
well may be affected.
Surface Water
0 Cadmium
0 Copper
0 Lead
0 Zinc
0 Barium
-------
New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND Of.RANMIP SITES
Map
No.
Site Name
55 Sayreville Landfill
11 Scientific Chemical
Processing
24 Sharkey Landfill
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 Pentachlorophenol
0 p-ethyltoluene
Surface Water
0 p-ethyltoluene
0 Pentachlorophenol
Ground Water
0 benzene
0 chloroform
Surface
0 benzene
0 chloroform
0 toluene
0 trichloroethylene
0 tetrachloroethylene
Ground Water
0 benzene
0 toluene
0 Chloroform
0 Methylenechloride
0 Dichloroethylene
Potential Impacts
The public drinking water
supplies for Perth Airboy
and Sayreville (conbined
populations: 67,000)
are threatened.
Contaminated run-off
flows into the wetlands
adjacent to the South River.
Public wells serving 21,8000
people are threatened.
0 Surface water bodies and
for recreation and indus-
trial use are threatened.
Clean-up Action
Surficial clean-up of drums
and tanks, potential ground
water remedial action.
Privately owned wells and
municipal water supplies
of 42,000 people may be
threatened.
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New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
Site Name
Potential Contaminants
Potential Impacts
Clean-up Action
16 South Brunswick
Landfill
28 Spence Farm
Ground Water
0 Phenol
0 Benzene
0 Methylene Chloride
0 Vinyl Chloride
0 Lead
Surface Water
0 Mercury
0 Lead
0 Zinc
0 Phenol
0 Methylene Chloride
Ground Water
0 Pentachlorophenol
0 Benzene
0 Tichloroethylene
0 Mercury
Surface Water
0 2,4-dinitrophenol
0 Pentachlorophenol
Private and public water
supplies servng 17,000
people are threatened.
0 On-site stream is
contaminated which is
used for recreational
purposes.
The drinking water supplies
for approximately 1600
people in Plumstead Town-
ship are threatened.
The body of water receiving
surface run-off may be
threatened; its primary pur-
pose is for recreation.
Consent Order has been
signed with EPA by
the site owner.
0 Remedial action master
plan is under review.
A Cooperative Agreement
that was signed on
9/23/82 provides for a
feasibility study which
will:
0 assess site conditions
0 evaluate alternative
remed ies
evaluate excavation of
the waste, consistent
with the selected al-
ternative
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New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
Site Name
58 Swops Oil & Cheruicdl
CO
o
34 Syncon Resins
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Benzene
0 Toluene
Surface Water
0 Trichloroethylene
0 Benzene
0 Toluene
Potential Impacts
Air
Benzene (instrument
calibrated to this
gas)
Ground Water
0 Polychlorinated
biphenyls
0 Toluene
0 Benzene
0 Carbon tetrachloride
0 Total lead
0 Chloroform
Surface Water
0 Polychlorinated
biphenyls
0 Carbon tetrachloride
0 Chloroform
Air
Vinyl acetate
Tt»luene
Polychlor i na ted
biphenyls
The public drinking water
supplies for more than
51,000 people in the Penn-
sauken area are threatened.
0 The commercial and recrea-
tional uses of the Delaware
River, which receives con-
taminated surface run-off,
may be threatened.
0 The half of the population
of Pennsauken who live with
in a 4-mile radius of the
site may be affected by the
airborne emissions.
0 An industrial water supply
well that is located on-site
may be contaminated.
Q Privately-owned drinking
water supplies for two com-
panies (maximum employment:
approximately 1200) may be
threatened.
0 The Passaic River receives
contaminated surface run-off.
0 More than 10,000 people in
Jersey City and Newark who
live within a 4-mile radius
may be affected by the air-
borne emissions.
Clean-up Action
A Remedial Action Master
Plan was begun in 10/82.
An Action Memorandum that
was submitted to EPA HQ
on 8/11/82 asks for the
following:
0 remedial investigation
0 a feasibility study
A Remedial Action Master
Plan was begun in 9/82.
An Action Memorandum that
was submitted to EPA HQ
on 8/10/82 asks for the
following:
0 initial remedial action
(drum removal)
0 remedial investigation
0 a feasibility study
A Cooperative Agreement
is currently being devel-
oped.
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New Jersey
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIORITY SUPERFUND CLEAN-UP SITES
Map
No.
29
Site Name
Toms River
Chemical
14
Universal Oil
Products
CO
54 U.S. Radium
45 Vineland State
School
46 Williams Property
Potential Contaminants
Ground Water
0 Arsenic
0 Lead
0 Chlorobenzene
0 Dichloroethylene
0 Tetrachloroethylene
Surface Water
0 Lead
0 Arsenic
Ground Water
0 Chloroform
0 Benzene
0 Aerolein
0 Toluene
0 Mercury
Surface Water
0 Benzene
0 Toluene
Soil
Ground Water
0 Mercury
Surface Water
0 Mercury
Ground Water
0 Chloroform-
0 Benzene
0 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
0 Tetrochloroethylene
0 Dichlorobenezene
Potential Impacts
Toms River Water Company
water supply wells serving
serving 64,000 people is
threatened.
Clean-up Action
Public water supply wells
may be affected.
0 Sampling of Ackerman's Creek
has detected these con-
taminants.
0 Contamination from waste oil
resulting from radium
processing.
0 Excessive gamma radiation.
0 Private drinking water wells
may be threatened.
0 Bear Branch is used for
irrigation purposes.
0 Private wells serving 4,912
people are threatened.
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0 Potential Priority Candidates
In addit.ion to these 65 sites, the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection (NJDEP) and EPA have identified
other uncontrolled hazardous waste sites that, although not
included on the National Priorities List, may also require some
clean-up effort. Some of these are TSD facilities. Ongoing
investigation at many of these sites will define the hazards
that they pose, As more information is obtained from these
investigations, EPA may add some or all of these sites to the
National Priorities List; this action depends upon the degree
of hazard of the sites. Otherwise these sites will be
assigned a lower priority and will be addressed in the future
either by NJDEP or, as appropriate, by the Superfund program.
SPILLS OF OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Unintentional spills of oil and hazardous materials have
significant impacts on waterways throughout Region II. Both
surface water and ground water are affected.
In New Jersey, most spills have occurred on waterways used as
transportation arteries, notably the Arthur Kill, Kill Van
Kull, Newark Bay, Delaware River, Raritan River, Passaic
River, and the Hackensack River.
The number of spills reported are given in Table 12. To
various degrees,( these spills have resulted in fish kills or
other environmental damage.
TABLE 12
History of Hazardous Material Spills
Year
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
* Value shown is
volume spilled
Number of
Spills Reported
55
194
514
546
676
826 •
1,281
less than the actual value
is not always reported.
1
Gallons
Spilled*
159,994
183,895
2,124,185
1,305,710
30,947 ,321
7 ,264,012
728,247
spilled because
Two other types of spills are of concern, but not quantifiable at
this time'; groundwater spills from underground storage tanks and
spills from overturned tank trucks.
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PESTICIDES
The EPA pesticide programs are directed toward oversite of
tha federally-funded, state-implemented-programs. The New
Jersey program is mainly concerned with certification of
pesticide applicators, licensing of pesticide dealers, and
monitoring of the manufacture, sale, and use of pesticides
to assure safe storage handling, and application of these
items.
There are approximately 271 pesticide manufacturers and
formulators and 3 custom blenders in the state. These firms
produced about 210 million pounds and 67 million gallons of
pesticides in 1981.'
New Jersey recently conducted an evaluation of the types of
pesticide misuse violations that occur in the state (Figure 36
Most incidents involve pest control operators including
general pest control applications and termite control.
New Jersey establishes enforcement priorities on the basis of
percentage of harm from various categories of pesticides
application.
FIGURE 36
PESTICIDES INCIDENTS BY TYPE-OF RPPLICRTION
NEN JERSEY
TERMITE CONTROL
17.32
GROUND flGRICULTURfll SPRflYING
11.12
flERIRL flGRICULTURRL SPRflYING
S.27.
COMMERCIflL OUTDOOR RPPLICRTIONS
GENERflL PEST CONTROL
35.92
STORflGE flND MISCELLANEOUS
15.52
PESTICIDE DISPOSAL
~~ 3.32
flGRICULTURflL INCIDENTS
4.72
In addition to response to consumer complaints, the state
schedules routine observations, training, and public liaison
activities with professional organizations to reinforce proper
application techniques.
83
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Some lor.g-residua 1 pesticides, many water soluble, have the
potential for contamination of ground water. Monitoring of
pesticide groundwater contamination will focus on large
areas of southern New Jersey where aquifers are very close
to the surface.
The New Jersey Bureau of Pesticide Control and the NJDEP's
Office of Cancer and Toxic Substances Research are in the
initial planning stages of an environmental assessmment
program to identify potential pesticide health problems.
84
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RADIATION
The EPA has established a network of sampling points to
reflect ambient radiation levels caused by nuclear activities.
Samples of environmental pathway media (air, drinking and
surface water, and milk), by which radioactivity can reach
the general public, are collected periodically at designated
locations in New Jersey by the state or by a local agency
(Table 13). These samples are analyzed at the Eastern
Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF) in Montgomery, Alabama
TABLE 13
Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS)
Type of Sample
Air
Drinking Water
Surface Water
Milk*
Monitoring Location
Trenton
Trenton
Wareton
Bayside
•Toms River
Trenton
*.in cooperation with the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration
The maintenance of the ERAMS network is gaining increased
importance because of heightened concern over radiation by
the general public. Both the baseline and unusual activity
data provide quantitative information on trends and potential
population exposure
Power Plants
Figure 37 indicates the locations in New Jersey where
radioactive materials are used for generating electricity.
EPA provides technical assistance and oversight for evaluating
potential environmental impacts on these sites.
85
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FIGURE 37
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN NEW JERSEY
O - OPERATIONAL PLANT
A- PLANT UNDER CONSTRUCTION
New Jersey has three operating nuclear power plants which are
located at the following sites:
0 Salem 1 and 2 (Lower Alloways Creek)
0 Oyster Creek (Forked River)
One additional plant is under construction at the Salem site:
0 Hope Creek
Ore Processing/Storage Sites
Figure 38 indicates those sites in New Jersey where radioactive
ores have been or are being processed or stored. In some
cases, radioactive contamination has occurred at these sites.
Three forrrer commercial processing sites, at Orange, Maywood,
and Wayne, have been nominated by the state for clean-up.
The Orange site was contaminated as a result of the accumulation
of ore residues from radium extraction processes and dial
painting activities.
86
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FIGURE 38
ORE PROCESSING/STORAGE SITES IN NEW JERSEY
0 •• COMMERCIAL ORE PROCESSING SITS
X- MEO/FUSRAP SITE (STORAGE / PROCESSING/DISPOSAL)!
The Maywood site was formerly involved in the extraction of
thorium for use in gas heating mantles. The ore residues
from the processing operation were disposed of on the 'company"s
property and possibly used as landfill nearby. As a result,
several commerical properties and private residences have been
found to have elevated indoor levels of radon, a radioactive
gas which is known to cause lung cancer.
A third commercial processing site, located in Wayne, was
formerly used for extraction of thorium and rare earth
compounds. The sediments in the bank of the brook flowing
from the facility have been found to have radiation levels
up to ten times background. However, these levels present no
immediate hazard to persons working or living near the site.
The EPA is available to the
these sites.
state for technical assistance at
87
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The Middlesex Storage Facility was used for uranium ore
storage and sampling. The facility was later used by the
U.S. Marine Corps as a reserve training center. Residue
material has also been removed to localized offsite areas to
be used as landfill. These areas have been decontaminated
and the materials were placed onsite and stabilized for
temporary storage. Long-term monitoring is continuing at the
site until a permanent disposal site is found.
Also under the remedial action program of the DOE is a surplus
federal facility, New Brunswick Laboratory. All above-ground
structures have been dismantled and contaminated building
debris was disposed of at the Nevada Test Site. Contaminated
soil at the present site will be removed at a later date,
when a perme.nent disposal facility is available.
UoS0 Environmental Protection Agency
Library, Room 2404 PM-211-A
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 80460
88
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