REPORT ON THE
  WATER QUAUTY OF LOWER LAKE
 MICHIGAN, CALUMET RIVER, GRAND
CALUMET RIVER, LITTLE CALUMET RIVER
          AND WOLF LAKE
                 By
      DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
            FOR THE PERIOD
      JANUARY 1966 THRU JUNE 1966
         ILLINOIS  - INDIANA
     U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
  Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
     Great Lakes Region, Chicago, Illinois

             October, 1966

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             STATUS REPORT ON THE

 CALUMET AREA POST ACTION SURVEILLANCE PROJECT

          DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR


               FOR THE PERIOD


          JANUARY THROUGH JUNE 1966
               ILLINOIS-INDIANA
       U. S. Department of the Interior
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
     Great Lakes Region, Chicago, Illinois
                 October 1966

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                            TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                 Page No.

TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                 I

LIST OF FIGURES                                                   II

PROJECT PERSONNEL                                                 III

INTRODUCTION                                                      1

BACKGROUND
   Authority and Organization                                     2
   Purpose and Scope                                              3
   Description of Area                                            k
   Cities and Industries                                          5

DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAMS
   Stream and Harbor Sampling Program                             7
   Beach Sampling Program                                         7
   Hydraulic Measurements Program                                 7
   Automatic Monitoring Program                                   8
   Biological Surveying Program                                   9

CONCLUSIONS                                                       11

PART I - WATER QUALITY
   Stream and Harbor Sampling                                     12
      Station 1 - Grand Calumet River at Pennsylvania RR Br.      13
     . Station 2 - Indiana Harbor Canal at 151st St.               16
      Station 3 - Indiana Harbor Canal at Dickey Rd.              18
      Stations k, 5 & 6 - Indiana Harbor                          20
      Station 7 - Grand Calumet River at Indiana Harbor Belt      23
         RR Bridge
      Station 8 - Little Calumet River at Wentworth Ave.          24
      Station^ 9 & 10 - Wolf Lake and Outlet                      26
      Stations 11, 12 & 13 - Calumet Harbor                       28

PART II- BEACH SAMPLING PROGRAM                                   30
   Procedure                                                      30
   Data Analyses                                                  31

PART III- AUTOMATIC MONITORING
   Description of Facilities                                      34
   Evaluation of Results                                          35
   Proposed Improvements                                          36

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                               LIST OF FIGURES


                                                            Following Page
Location Map Calumet Area
Table 1-1 Chemical Quality of Water - Station 1                 15
      T-2   "         "      "   "            "   2                 IT
      T— 3   "         "      "   "            "   ^                 19
      T-h.   "         "      "   "            "   4                 22
  it   T_I^   "         "      "   "            "   *\                 22
      1-6   "         "      "   "            "6                 22
  ii   T_7   "         "      "   "            "   7                 2^
  ii   T-8   "         "      "   "            "   8                 25
  M   T-Q   "         "      "   "            "   Q                 27
      1-10  "         "      "   "            "  10                 2?
  I,   ]._!_•,_  „         „      i.   „            n  1]L                 29
  M   1-12  "         "      "   "            "  12                 29
  n   T-13  "         "      "   "            "  13                 29

Figure 1-1  Total Coliform Stream Sampling Stations             29
  ti    T P   J!         n       !l        II      !l                  PQ
  "    1-3  Fecal Streptococci Stream Sampling Stations         29
  ii    T—h.   "         "            "      "        "             ?Q
  "    1-5  Fecal Coliform Stream Sampling Stations             29
  ti    *r ^T   n         ti        ii        ti       n                 PQ

Tablo II- 1                                                       32

Figure II-l  Total Coliform Beach Sampling                      33
       II-2  Fecal Streptococci  Beach Sampling                 33
       II-3  Fecal Coliform        "    "                       33

Figure III-l  Indiana Harbor  Monitor - Temp. vs. time           36
       III-2     "         "      "    - pH vs. time              36
       III-3     "         "      "    - Conductivity vs. time    36
                 ':         "      "    - Dissolved Oxygen vs. time 36
                                    II

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            PERSONNEL
Raymond E. Johnson
Project Director until Sept. 23, 1966

Robert J. Bovden
Sanitary Engineer
Acting Director after Sept. 23, 1966

David E. Vaughn
Sanitary Engineer until Aug. 23, 1966

Harold A. Bond
MicroMologist until Sept. 2, 1966

Diane P. Gavel
Chemist

Anne Byrne
Microbiologist after Sept. 19, 1966

Joseph V. Slovick
Aq.ua.tic Sampler - Hydraulics Technician

William J. Degutis
Aquatic Sampler - Monitor Technician

Daniel ChorowicM
Aquatic Sampler

Lillian Ehlert
Secretary
                III

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                             INTRODUCTION








       Part I of this report presents an evaluation of the progress made




toward improved water quality in the Calumet Area as of June 30> 1966.



This evaluation is based on the results, of the sampling program of the



Federal Water Pollution Control Administration's Calumet Area Post Action



Surveillance Project.  The waters reported on include the Grand Calumet



River, the Indiana Harbor Canal, Indiana Harbor, the Little Calumet River,



Wolf Lake and its outlet and Calumet Harbor.




       Part II is an evaluation of the bacteriological quality of eight



beaches on Lake Michigan and one on Wolf Lake which are located within



the study area.  This evaluation covers the entire 1966 bathing season and



ts based on the surveillance project's own sampling program, data provided



by the Chicago Park District and data provided by the Indiana Board of




Health.




       Part III is a report on the status of the surveillance project and




its future prospectus.



       The cooperation provided by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control




Board, the Illinois Sanitary Water Board, the Metropolitan Sanitary District



of Greater Chicago, the United States Coast Guard and others in supplying



valuable information and facilities is gratefully acknowledged.

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                               Background






Authority and Organization



       A conference on pollution of the interstate waters of the Grand



Calumet River, Little Calumet River, Calumet River, Wolf Lake, Lake Michi-



gan and their tributaries, called by the Secretary of Health, Education and



Welfare under the provisions of Section 8 of the Federal Water Pollution



Control Act (33 USC k66 et. seq.) was held in Chicago, Illinois March 2-9,



1965.



       Paragraph No. 1^ of the Conclusions and Recommendations of the



Conferees for this conference provided that "Surveillance will be the primary



responsibility of the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board, the Illinois



Sanitary Water Board and the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater



Chicago.  The Department of Health,Education and Welfare will make available



a resident technical group and visiting groups of experts which will assist



the State agencies and the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago



at such time as requested by them."



       The State of Indiana, on April 6, 1965, and the State of Illinois, on



April 16, 1965, requested an extensive sampling program by the Federal



governnent to monitor the water quality in the Calumet Area.  The Metropolitan



Sanitary District has not formally requested a sampling program, but-has



requested laboratory assistance in the analysis of samples they have collected ,



and in special studies they have conducted on chlorination of the effluent



from their sewage treatment plant.  The Calumet Area .Surveillance Project was



organized in the latter part of June 1965 to fulfill the requirements of



paragraph No. 1^ and the requests- of the states.

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       On January 1, 1966 the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration



was created within the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and



incorporated the surveillance project.



       On May 10, 1966 the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration



was transferred from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare to the



U. S. Department of the Interior.



Purpose and Scope



       The  purpose of the Calumet Area Surveillance Project is to assess



the progress in the abatement of pollution in the conference area in coopera-



tion with appropriate state and local agencies.  This is being accomplished



through a sampling program to monitor the water quality at various locations



within the  conference area and a series of electronic water quality monitors



Pbo continuously monitor the water quality at selected key points in the



basin.  Stream flow measurements are being made so that laboratory analyses



in milligrams per liter can be converted to pounds per day.  The information



obtained through federal, state and local sampling programs and the informa-



tion furnished by the industries to the state or other responsible agencies



on the quality and quantity of their waste flows are evaluated.



       Reports are prepared and presented to the Conferees and reconvened



conferences on the current water quality and the progress toward abatement



of the pollution.

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                           Description of Area






       The Calumet area is a flat plain located at the southern end of Lake



Michigan and includes the Calumet-Little Calumet River system, the Grand Calu-



met-Indiana Harbor Canal system, Wolf Late and its outlet.  It includes



approxiaately JkQ sq. miles and forms a part of the continental divide between



the Mississippi River Basin and the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin.



Approximately 60$ of the area drains to Lake Michigan and the remaining hdff>



drains to the Mississippi River by way of the Illinois River.  Despite this



fact the area is not well drained.  There are large, marshy, low-lying areas



which a:re subject to flooding during and after heavy rainfalls.  The streams



are slu^jgish and meandering except where they have been artificially maintained



and/or (supplemented by industrial or municipal waste flows.



       r.?he Grand Calumet and the Little Calumet Rivers both traverse the divide.



On the Grand Calumet the divide is normally located at the Hammond, Indiana



Sewage treatment plant outfall.  Approximately two thirds of the effluent



flows west into the Calumet River in Illinois and one third flows east to



the Indiana Harbor Canal and Lake Michigan.  Rainfall and lake level conditions



can caufie the divide to shift to either the east or the west.



       Otoe location of the divide on the Little Calumet River is not definite



and varies over a distance of several miles in the vicinity of Highland,



Indiana.  The western portion flows to the Cal-Sag Channel in Illinois which



connects the system to the Illinois River.  The eastern portion flows to lake



Michigan by way of Burns Ditch which discharges to the lake near Ogden Dunes,



Indiana.



       Flow in the Calumet River is controlled by the O'Brien Lock and is



directed from Lake Michigan to the Cal-Sag Channel except during periods of

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                                                                  M I C H I G A  N
— LAKE-
             CALUMET SCWAOC
             TREATMENT PLANT

           Bin* lilond Lock> \
           (10

^^   //////,
                                                                           CALUMET  AREA SURVEILANCE PROJECT
                                                                                  LOCATION   MAP
                                                                                  CALUMET AREA
                                                                              U5.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                                                           FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AOMIN.
                                                                           Great Lakes Region          Chicago,Illinois

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heavy flooding or unusually low lake levels.



       The Indiana Harbor Canal,which was completed in 1903,connects the



Grand Calumet River to Lake Michigan.  The Grand Calumet River east of the



Hammond Sewage Treatment Plant outfall is tributary to Lake Michigan through



the canal.



       Wolf Lake is located on the Illinois-Indiana state line between



Chicago, Illinois and Hammond, Indiana.  The original outlet from Wolf Lake



to I/ike Michigan has been blocked and an outlet to the Calumet River in



Chicago has been constructed.  The City of Hammond maintains a park which



occupies most of the Indiana shoreline of the lake.  This park and the lake



are extensively used for recreation.  The Illinois portion of the lake is



a part of the Wolf Lake Conservation Area.



Cities and Industries



       The major population centers in the area are East Chicago, Gary,



Hammond and Whiting, in Indiana; and Calumet City, Chicago Heights and a



part of the south side of Chicago in Illinois.  The area is highly industrial-



ized.  There are ten major steel mills including the united States Steel



Corporation's Gary Works, Gary Sheet and Tin Mill, Youngstown Sheet and Tube



Company, and Inland Steel Company in Indiana and United States Steel's South



Works, the Wisconsin Steel Company, the Interlake Iron Corporation, the



Republic Steel Corporation and the Acme'Steel Company in Illinois.  There



are five petroleum, refineries including the American Oil Company, the Cities



Service Petroleum. Company, the Mobil Oil Company, and the Sinclair Refining



Company, in Indiana and the Clark Oil and Refining Co. in Illinois.  Other



industries include Lever Brothers, Union Carbide Chemical, I.E. Du Pont,

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M. & T. Chemicals, American Maize and a large number of smaller concerns.



       !Phese industries are located in three major groups.  One group is



concentrated along the Calumet River in Illinois.  Another is along the In-



diana Harbor Canal and the third is in Gary, Indiana and discharges to the



headwators of the Grand Calumet River.  These three groups make the Calumet



Area on<; of the most important industrial centers in the nation.

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                          DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAMS





 Stream and Harbor Sampling Program



         During the period January to June 1966 thirteen stream and harbor




 stations were sampled on a weekly basis for chemical and microbiological




 quality determinations.  Nine of these were sampled during the entire period.




 The remaining four are lake stations that require a boat for sampling.  These




 were not sampled until March 31> 1966 due to ice and inclement weather on




 the lake.  The results of this program are presented in Part I of this report.




 Beach Sampling Program




         Sampling on seven beaches in the area was initiated on May 31, 19^6




 and continued on a twice weekly basis until September 15, 1966. Six of




 ;these beaches are located on Lake Michigan and one on Woli1 Lake.  Five of the



 beaches were sampled at their mid-points in water approximately four feet



 deep.  Two beaches, Rainbow Beach and Calumet Inner Beach, were sampled at




 two points each at the one third points.  Samples were collected on Tuesday




 and Thursday of each week and analyzed for total coliforms, fecal coliforms




 and fecal streptococci.  This program was coordinated with the beach sampling




 programs of the Chicago Park District and the Indiana State Board of Health



 and data was distributed freely among the agencies.  The results of the beach



 sampling program for the 1966 season are presented in Part II of this report.




 Hydraulic Measurements Program



         No gaging stations are maintained by the U. S. Geological Survey in




 the Grand Calumet-Indiana Harbor Canal drainage system.  Therefore, six con-




 tinuous water level recorders have been installed on these streams.  The




pstreams are being gaged at these stations so that rating curves can be



 developed for each station.  The stage vs discharge relationship in the lotver



                                    7

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reaches of the Indiana Harbor Canal is seriously distorted by fluctuations



in the i-ake level.  For this reason no stage recorders have "been installed



in this area.  Special flow area and velocity studies are planned in order



to deteirmine the effect of the numerous industrial outlets in the area.



       Enformation provided by the U. S. Geological Survey and the Metropoli-



tan Sanitary District will be used as the basis for flow calculations on



the Little Calumet Rive,r, the Calumet River and Wolf Lake Outlet.



       rhe purpose of this program is to develop flow data for all of the



sampling stations in the surveillance area except for those located in Late



Michigan.



Automatic Monitoring Program
                       i


       Many operations of the industries in the basin require discharge of



wastes on a batch basis, and wastes from these tanks may be dumped at any



time of the day, week, or month depending on the needs of the industry.  These



discharges and accidental spills of oil or other pollutants could pass into



Lake Michigan or down the Illinois River unobserved by a once-a-week sampling



program.



       During November 1965 an automatic water quality monitoring station was



instal]ฃd in Indiana Harbor at the East Breakwall Inner Light.  This installa-

                                o

tion continuously records the dissolved oxygen, pH; conductivity and tempera-



ture oi* the water flowing past this point into Lake Michigan. A complete



report on this installation was given in the report covering the period June



through November 1965.



       A second rnonito^ was installed during August 1966 to measure the same



parameters at the mouth of the Calumet River.  This monitor replaces the semi-



portabiLe, temporary monitor that had been located there during 1965.  A complete





                                   8

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report on this new installation will "be presented in the report for the



June-December 1966 period.  It is planned to mount the semi-portable monitor



in a boat and use it for profile studies of the various streams in the area.



This procedure should be of value in pinpointing specific sources of wastes



in the area.



       An automatic sampling device will be installed on each monitor as soon



as it becomes available.  This device will automatically collect a sample



when one or more of the parameters being monitored exceed certain limits.



       Next year it is planned to install two additional monitors and a cen-



tral control station to which all the data will be continuously telemetered.



One monitor will be located at Wentworth Avenue on the Little Calumet River



and will monitor the quality of the water flowing across the State Line at



this point.  The other will be located on the Grand Calumet River below the



industrial complex at Gary, Indiana.  This will monitor pollutants discharged



to the headwaters of the stream and may enable warnings to be given to



downstream uses of the approaching pollution.  Eventually a network of six



monitors is planned for the area.  This network will be coordinated with the



monitoring systems of the states of Indiana and Illinois and of the Metro-



politan Sanitary District.



Biological Surveying Program



       The kinds and numbers of aquatic plants and animals inhabiting a



particular body of water and the stream or lake bottom beneath it, reflect



the quality of the water that prevails in the area.  Some organisms are



capable of withstanding polluted conditions and will multiply rapidly when

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competition from other less tolerant organisms is eliminated. These



pollution tolerant organisms include sludgeworms, bloodworms, leaches, blue



grean algae and pulmonate snails.  In an unpolluted environment the number



of thesu organisms is restricted by competition from other species but when



the othur species are killed off by pollution they multiply rapidly. There-



fore, t'ie continuous or sudden introduction of toxic wastes, settleable




solids or oxygen consuming materials alters the composition of the benthic



popula.ti.on.  A balanced population is not restored immediately upon the re-



turn of optimum water quality because of the lengths of the life cycles of



those organisms which vary from weeks to years.  This fact makes it possible



to detest slugs of pollution that have passed through a sampling station.



       fifteen substrate samples of the Bendy type were made and used in



the waters of the Calumet Area during October through November 1965 on an



experimsntal basis.  The results obtained from these samples have been com-



pared with the more standard dredge samples that were taken at the same



time,  rhe results of this experiment are presented as an appendix to this



report.  Further experimentation with this sampling method is planned next



spring.
                                  10

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                              Conclusions






       1.  The water quality in the Little Calumet River at the state line




has "been improved considerably since 1963 but still does not meet the proposed




criteria.  There has been no significant change in water quality since 1965.



       2.  The microbiological quality of the Grand Calumet River-Indiana




Harbor Canal system has been improved considerably since 1965 due to separa-



tion of industrial and sanitary wastes.  It is still not at an acceptable



level, however.




       3.  The industrial pollution problem of this system has not improved



since 1965 and has, if anything, become slightly worse. This is due to the



fact that the industrial waste treatment facilities of most of the industries



have not been completed and production in the area has increased.




       k.  Wolf Lake is a relatively clean body of water.  The only pollution




problem of any significance is occasional spills of MBAS from Lever Brothers




Company and possibly batches of cyanide from an unknown source.  Most of the




water quality criteria for this lake are being met.



       5.  The beaches in 1966 met the criteria for bathing beaches a greater



percentage of the time in 1966 than in 1965, but when they were polluted




the pollution was just as bad in 1966 as it was in 1965*
                                    11

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                        PART I -WATER QUALITY



Stream and Harbor Sampling

       Thirteen stream and harbor stations were sampled for bacteriological

and chemical quality during the first six months of 1966.  Samples were

collected once each week except that stations requiring a boat could not be

sampled during severe weather.  All stream stations were sampled at mid-stream
                j
except for stations 6 and 11, which were sampled at the water quality monitor

intake.  The samples for bacteriological analysis were taken at a depth of

6 inches to 1 foot.  The samples for chemical analysis were taken at mid-depth
                i
or 10 feet in the case of navigable channels.

       All of the samples were immediately preserved and/or iced where required

in accordance with procedures established in "Standard Methods for Examination

of Water and Wastewater, 12th Edition, 1965."  Laboratory analysis on samples

subject to deterioration was initiated on the same day they were collected.

       Bacteriological analyses were performed in accordance with "Standard

Methods."  Total coliform, fecal coliform and fecal streptococci counts were

made on each sample.  The results of these analyses are presented in Figures

1-^      through   1-6    .  All values in Figures I"1     through  1-6    and

in the following discussion are the number of organisms per 100 ml.

       Chemical analyses were performed/in a ccordance with methods agreed upon

at the Calumet Area Enforcement Laboratory Director's Meeting held on April 29,

1965.  The six laboratory conferees discussed the methods to be used by all

laboratories concerned with the Calumet Area Surveillance activities.
                                     12

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Grand Calumet River at Pennsylvania R.R. Bridge (Station l)



       This station is located upstream of the Gary Sewage Treatment Plant



where tiae bulk of the flow is industrial waste from the United States Steel



Company's complex at Gary, Indiana, which has waste discharges located approx-



imately two miles upstream.



       '.Che nearest station for flow data is located four-tenths of a mile



downstream at Industrial Avenue.  This station is below the outfall of the



Gary Seirage Treatment Plant, therefore another station, approximately one



mile upปtream at Bridge Street, has been gaged.  The Pennsylvania R.R. bridge



is not suitable for a gaging station.  Plows at the Pennsylvania R. R. bridge



should be somewhat higher than at Bridge Street because there is one tributary



which dmlns an area north of the river between them. The average of seven



gagings at Bridge Street between October 1965 and June 1966 is 652 cfs.



       As shown in Figures 1-2, 1-4 and 1-6 the bacterial counts for January-



June 1966 have dropped considerably from the levels of June-November 1965.



Total Ccliforms varied from 130,000 to 100 with an average of 22,500 and a



median of 6,000.  All of these values, while still high, are less than 10$



of their 1965 levels.  Fecal Coliforms varied from 40,000 to less than 10



with an average of 5700 and a median of 1900.  These values are also about



10$ of their 1965 levels.  Fecal streptococci showed a similar but less drama-



tic decrease varying from 4,000 to 10 with an average of 740 and a median of



410 whidi are all less than 50$ of their 1965 levels.



       Tioe fact that the 1966 data includes such cold months as January,



February and March while the 1965 data covers June through November, is



responsible for a part of this drop.
                                      13

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       The fact that a large amount of cooling water is discharged to the




stream tends to minimize this effect, however.  The minimum temperature during




1966 was 10ฐC.




       The major part of this decrease is due to the separation and diversion



of sanitary wastes from the U. S. Steel complex at Gary to the Gary sewage




treatment plant.  Although there has been a considerable improvement in the



bacteriological quality of the stream it still does not meet the recommended



criteria for the Grand Calumet River which calls for a maximum total coliform




count of 5,000 except during periods of high runoff.



       Further evidence of the reduction in domestic pollution is the increase




in dissolved oxygen which is shown in Table    1-1.     The maximum DO increased




from 6.0 mg/1 in 1965 to 9.0 mg/1   in 1966 and the median increased from 3.7



mg/1 to 5.8 mg/1.  Although a part of this difference  is due to the colder



season covered by the 1966 data some of it must be attributed to the reduction




in sewage pollution.  The effect of the cooling water and the fact that there



was no corresponding rise in BOD support this view.



       There is still a serious industrial waste problem at this site.  The




median pH of 6.9 remained the same in both 1965 and 1966.  On June 3> 1966,



however, the pH was 3-60 and the sulphates concentration was 200 mg/1 compared



with a normal range of 50 ng/1 to TO mg/1.  This data indicates that spent



pickling liquor was discharged from one or more of the upstream steel mills.



A deep well injection disposal system for this waste was due to go into opera-



tion during July 1966.  It is hoped that this will eliminate discharges of



this nature.



       Phenol rose from a mean of 28 ug/1. to a mean of 126 ug/1.  Some of




this increase probably is due to the effect of the colder weather which tends

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to reduce their rate of degradation, "but in view of the large amount of cooling



water TAich tends to maintain the temperature, it must be assumed that much



of this increase is due to an increased amount of phenol being discharged to



the stream.  One sample in June 1965 contained 11.8 ug/1 phenols and five June



1966 samples averaged k$.k ug/1.  Suspended solids also increased appreciably



from an average  of ^ mg/1 in 1965 to an average of 2kj mg/1 in 1966. Cyanides



appear to have increased from an average of 0.03 msA to 0.32 mg/1 but the 1965



data for cyanides is undoubtedly too low.  During December 1965 the analysis



for cyanide was changed in order to eliminate interference which was caused



by other pollutants.



       Oil has been reported on the surface each time the station has been



sampled uince the beginning of the surveillance,in spite of the fact that an



oil skinnier is located a few feet upstream from the sampling point.



       The reasons for these increases in industrial waste are not clear but



it is notซd that a new basic oxygen steel shop was opened during December 1965.

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          CHICAGO
      TABLE  I-I

MICAL  QUALITY   OF  WATER


  GRAND  CALUMET  RIVER

      STATION  I

    PENN. R.R. GC 336.6
                                      (Swnonitor)
                                           Laka Mich!gen
^=^ J
J
Parameter
IH
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
M3-N
MO^-MO, N
Org-N
Total PO^
) . if, ^**^r^*s r-
0 I
U
June 1965~Nov.l965
Max Min Mean Median
1,2.
mg/1 6oO
" 17
" 59
11 186
" 3.7
" 7*5
" 7=3
11 0.93
Total Solo POij. " 0.32
Total Iron
Pheaol -
Cyanide
Sus. Solids
Dis. Solids
Chlorides
MBAS
Conductivity
Temperature
11 23
ug/1 100
mg/1 Ool9
11 70
" 365 :
n
it =
umho/cm -
ฐc 31
4ปl 6c7 6ป9
1.1 3ป6 3.7
5o7 9ป8 8,5
7-9 32 39
29 56 l#
0,87 1.5 1.6
Oo32 1ป4 Oo69
0.06 1.3 1.6
0.10 0.28 0.2^
OoOO Oo08 0.06
2,7 7ป9 606
0 2d 22
OoOO 0ป03 OoOl
26 Wf- 59
170 2^5 235
=
^
-
15 24.6 26
Jan. 1966 -June
Max Min Mean
8.0 3.6
9.00 2.50
16 2.4
43 21
200 37
4.4 1.5
11.3 0.18
1.2 0.0
0.58 o.n
0.41 0.02
48 3.2
320 18
0.63 o.oo
125 30
380 205
40 14
0.28 0.07
765 308
28 10
6.8-
5.&3
8.6
28
66
2.4
0.89
0.40
0.26
0.19
9.7
126:
0.32
67
247
20
0.14
399
16
1966
Median
6.9
5.80
8.6
27
56
2.4
0.55
0.40
0.23
0.17
5-8
129
0.39
68
235
18
0.12
380
16
1.965 data based on 19 samples except for: cyanide(l7); susp.solids(10); dis.
 solids(9).
 1966 data based on 26 samples except fors chlorides(19); ABS(19);conductivity(19),

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 Indiana Harbor Canal at  151st  St.  (Station 2)



       This  station was  established in order to determine the quality of the



 water in the canal where it  is formed by the two portions of the Grand Calumet



 River.  This station is  affected by effluent from the Gary, Hammond and East



 Chicago sewage treatment plants  as well as the effluent from a number of in-



 dustries on  the Grand Calumet  River.  The Gary and East Chicago sewage treat-



 ment  plants  are chlorinating their effluent at T?resent.



       The total  coliform count  varied from 6000 to 270,000 with an average



 of  55,000 and a median of 46,000.   These values are considerably below the



 June-November 1965 values which  averaged 1,500,000 with a maximum of 4,300,000



 and a minimum of  33>000  but  are  still   very    high and indicate considerable



 sewage pollution.



       The Fecal  Coliform count  varied from 500 to 150,000 with an average



 of  16,500 and a median of 6800.  The Fecal Streptococci count varied from 50



 to  16,000 with an average of 2810  and a median of 1200.  Each of these



 parameters are lower than they were in 1965 but they still indicate that a



 serious pollution problem still  exists.



       The counts at this station  are considerably higher than the counts at the



 Pennsylvania RR Bridge(Station l).This could be due to flow from the Hammond



 sewage treatment  plant or flow from the industries on the Grand Calumet River.



       The reduction in  the  counts between the 196^ data and the 1966 data is



 probably due to a combination  of colder weather in 1966 and a reduction in



 domestic pollution by the industries.  This station is also affected by



 cooling water discharges which reduce the effect of the colder weather.  The



jninimum water temperature during 1966 was 10ฐC.





                                     16

-------
       '.Phe continuation of the sewer separation programs by the industries



and the completion of  chlorinating facilities by the sewage treatment plants



should bring a considerable improvement in the microbiological quality of the



stream at this station.



       G!he level of industrial pollution appears to be rising.  The average



sulphates concentration rose from 56 mg/1 in 1965 to 88 mg/1 in 1966, the



average iron concentration rose from 2.h mg/1 to 5.5 mg/1, the average cyanide



concentration rose from 0.03 mg/1 to Otl9 mg/1, the average suspended solids



content rose from 30 mg/1 to 6l mg/1 and the average phenol concentration rose



from 19 ug/1 to 107 ug/1.



       Tie maximum sulphate concentration of 138 mg/1 occurred on June 3,1966



and can be traced to discharge of spent pickling liquor from the steel complex



at Gary, Indiana.  The pH at this station had risen to 6.5 from the 3.6, found



at Station 1, but is still the minimum pH found at Station 2.  Much of the



acid was probably neutralized by effluent from the Gary Sewage Treatment plant,



which is located just below Station 1.  Evidence of this slug of pickling



liquor WB,S also found at the next domistream station at Dickey Road where the



sulphate concentration was 122 mg/1 which is the maximum, and the pH was 6.6



which is below the average of 6.9ซ



       This increase in the level of.industrial pollution is  due



to the increased production in the area.  Many of the industries are due to



submit plins for additional waste trentment facilities to the Indiana Stream



Pollution Control Board by December 1, 1966.
                                     IT

-------
 CHICAGO
             TABLE  1-2

   CHEMICAL  QUALITY   OF  V/ATER

        INDIANA  HARBOR  CANAL

              STATION  2

        151st. STREET  IHC 331.9
"I.
^(monitor)
     Lake Michigan
'4
Parameter
pH
Conductivity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NH3-N
N02-N03 N
Org-N
Total POij.
Sol. POjj.
Iron
Phenol
Cyanide
Susp. Solids
Dis. Solids
Temperature
June
Max
7-3
umho/cm --
mg/1 5.0
" 12
11 65
n 71
"
n
" 4.0
" 2.2
" 4.3
11 4.6
11 0.64
11 5-7
ug/1 41
mg/1 0.17
11 59
" 640
oc 27
1955 -Nov.
Min Mean
6.7
--
2.1
4.4
7-7
50
—
—
0.77
0.23
0.30
0.52
0.19
0.78
9
0.00
16
240
13
7.0
—
3.6
7-9
29
56
—
—
1.8
1.2
1.5
1.3
0.49
2.4
19
0.03
30
315
20.6
1965
Median
7.1
—
3,8
7-3
14
56
—
—
2.3
1.1
1.3
0.81
0.48
1.6
15
0.00
27
280
20
Jan.
Max
7-9
530
8.1
22
60
138
70
0.61
4.7
1.5
1.3
2.0
1.32
17
228
0.44
110
375
26
1966-June 1966
Min Mean Median
6.5
430
0.20
4.9
18
7k
29
0.16
2.4
0.21
0.00
0.32
0.19
1.8
23
0.00
23
250
5
7.0
473
5-07
8.9
29
88
36
0.29
3.1*
0.80
0.6
0.82
0.58
5.5
107
0.19
61
295
15
7.0
48o
5.60
7.6
28
87
32
0.29
3-3
0.80
0.7
0.75
0.50
4.4
111
0.16
59
295
15
1965 data based on 9 samples.
1966 data based on 26 samples except for:
(19); ABS(19) and chlorides( 1$).
        K04
                                             Org-K(25); conductivity

-------
Indiana Harbor Canal at Dickey Road (Station 3)



       This station is located two and a half miles downstream from 151st St.



(Station 2) and is the last highway bridge across the canal "before it discharges



into Indiana Harbor.



       The trends evident at the two upstream stations are repeated at this



station.  The bacteriological counts are lows in 1966, the dissolved oxygen



highs and the industrial pollution greater.



       The total coliform counts varied from 13,000 to 440,000 with an average



of 116,000 and a median of 96,000.  As indicated on Figure   1-2  these values



are considerably lower than the June-Nov. 1965 counts but they are still high



and indicate severe pollution.



       The Fecal Coliform count varied from 2600 to 370,000 with an average of



)T1,000 and a median of 39,000.  The Fecal Streptococci varied from 340 to



52,000 with an average of 16,740 and a median of 5300.  Both of these parameters



are high but are considerably lower than in 1965 as shown in Figures  1-4



and   1-6



       This improvement is due to the separation programs started by several



industries to separate sanitary wastes and send them to municipal sewage treat-



ment plants.  The counts at Dickey Road are only slightly higher than those at



151st St.  This indicates that, although the sewage pollution contributed by



the industries between the two stations has been reduced, it is still enough



to make up for the normal die-off between the two stations.  The average dis-



solved oxygen rose from 0.5 mg/1 to 3ซ10 rasA* although two zero readings were



found during June 1966 and all the readings during June 1966 were extremely



low.  It is evident that there has been some decrease in sewage pollution.
                                     18

-------
       T.lha average sulphates concentration increased from 65 mg/1 in


to 80 m&/l in 1966, the average iron concentration increased from 2.1*0 mg/1


to 3.16 mg/1, the average phenol concentration increased from 20 ug/1 to IDS.


ug/1 ancl the average suspended solids content increased from Ik mg/1 to 25 mg/lซ


It is acted that, as at the other stations, the rise in phenols is magnified


by the cold weather, but this effect is minimized by the cooling water dis-


charged to the stream.  The minimum water temperature at this station during


1966 was 9ฐC.  The average cyanide appears to have increased from 0.00 mg/1


to 0.13 mg/1, but the 1965 data is too low due to interference with the


chemical analysis.


       The concentration of sulphates, iron, phenols, cyanide and suspended


solids decrease toward downstream.  It must be pointed out, however, that


the total flow increases considerably as you go down stream.  The estimated


average flow at Station 1 is 650 cfs; at Station 2 it is 955 cfs and at


Dickey Road it is approximately 1000 cfs.  This additional dilution water,

       o
the natural deterioration of phenols and cyanides and the settling to the


bottom o:C suspended solids and iron are responsible for this apparent improve-


ment in iiuality of downstream waters.
                                19

-------
  CHICAGO
I fll (monitor)
   •12
          TABLE  1-3
CHEMICAL  QUALITY   OF  WATER
     INDIANA  HARBOR  CANAL
          STATION  3
      DICKEY  ROAD IHC  334.6
"I.
             nonitor)
                Lade Michigan
Parameter
PH
Conductivity umho/cm
DO mg/1
BOD "
COD "
Sulphates "
Chlorides
MBAS
NH3-N "
N02-N03 N "
Org-N "
Total PO^ "
Sol. POj^ "
Iron "
Phenol ug/1
Cyanide mg/1
Susp. Solids "
Dis. Solids
Temperature ฐC
1965 data based on 19
1966 data based on 26
conduct ivity ( 19 ) .
June 1965-Nov. 1965
Max Min Mean Median
7.3 6.3 7.0 7.0
2.9 o.o 0.3 o.o
n 3.5 6.3 5.5
48 0.0 23 20
77 46 65 66
=_
=-
3.1 1.1 2.3 2.4
3.5 0.31 1.1 lol
3.8 0.08 1.9 2.1
0.91 0.24 0.57 0.53
0.57 0.01 0.26 0.29
3.8 0.88 2.4 2.2
42 1 20 20
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 6 14 32
340 240 260 300
29 13 23.0 25
Jan. 1966- June 1966
Max Min Mean Median
8.0 6.4 6.9 7.0
615 4oo 501 505
6.70 o.oo 3.10 4.10
9.0 2.2 5.1 5.3
33 12 22 22
322 59 80 78
44 22 . 29 29
0.35 0.17 0.24 0.24
6.7 2.6 3.7 3.6
2.8 0.15 0.84 0.75
2.4 0.3 0.7 0.6
0.73 0.26 0.47 0.46
0.54 o.n 0.32 0.29
9.0 0.99 3.16 2.3
483 16 102 6l
0.56 O.oo 0.13 0.13
84 6 25 19
385 220 314 310
2? 9 15 14
samples except for: cyanide (l8) and susp. solids(lO).
samples except for chlorides (19); ABS(l9) and

-------
 Indiana Harbor (Stations k,  5 and 6)

        Indiana Harbor was sampled at three points during January-June 1966.

 Station k- is located at the  mouth of the Indiana Harbor Canal,  upstream of

 the Inland Steel and Youngstown Sheet and Tube turning basins.   Station 5

 is located immediately downstream of the turning basins and downstream from

 all industrial outfalls to the harbor.  The average dry weather flow to Lake

 Michigan past this station is 2700 cfs,  but under certain wind  and lake level

 conditions lake water is backed up into  the harbor for short periods of time.

 Station 6 is located at the  east breakwall inner light which is about 150

 feet from Station 5 an(^ contains a water quality monitoring Station.  Station

 6 was established during January 1966 to correlate the monitoring program-

 with the sampling program.

        Stations k and 5 are  boat stations and cannot be sampled in rough

 weather.  During 1966 they were not sampled until March 31, 1966, therefore

 the data at these stations is affected less by the colder months.

        The trends established at the upstream stations are evident at these

 stations.  At Station k the  total Coliform count varied from 5100 to 77,000

 with an average of 28,000 and a median at 15,000.  These values are approxi-

 mately one tenth of their level in June-November 1965*  This indicates that

 progress has been made by the industries in separating the industrial and

 domestic wastes.  The remaining high levels of these counts indicate that a

 problem still exists.  Figures 1-^ and 1-6 show that the Fecal Coliform and

 Fecal Streptococci are at the same level as in 1965.  The fact  that total

 Coliforms decreased while Fecal Coliforms and Fecal Streptococci remained

 the same indicates that the  remaining pollution is fresh and may be caused

by passing or  moored vessels.
                                       20

-------
       A1; Station 5 the total Coliform count varied from 13,000 to 1^0,000




with an average of 66,000 and a median of 66,000.  As indicated in Figure 1-2




these values are at the same level as they were in June-November 1965.  The




Fecal Coliform counts varied from 19,000 to 1600 with an average of  8900




and a mec.ian of 8700.  Figure 1-6 indicates that these values are considerably



higher ttan in 1965.  The Fecal Streptococci counts varied from 1100 to 32 with




an average of 279 and a median of 220.  Figure 1-4 indicates that these values




are in the same range as in 1965 but that the average is somewhat lower.




       At Station 6, near the monitor, the total Coliform count varied from




330,000 to 1000 with an average of 3^,000 and a median of 15,000.  The Fecal




Coliform varied from 5800 to less than 10 with an average of 1929 and a mean of



1700.  Ths Fecal Streptococci varied from l600to 15 with an average of 355 and




a median of 190.  As shown in Figures 1-2 and 1-6 the average median and minimum



counts for total and fecal coliform are significantly lower than the counts at



Station 5 which is only 150 feet away.  Station 6 was sampled during the




entire pe:riod from January to June whereas Station 5 was only sampled from April



to June because it is a boat station.  Thus a comparison of the data from these



two stations gives some indication of the effect of the colder months on the



bacteriological data.  It is interesting to note that the Fecal Streptococci




counts wej-e not affected nearly as much by the colder weather.  This phenomenon



has been r;oted throughout all of the data collected by the Project.



       The counts in the harbor are all lower than those at Dickey Road (Station



3).  This is partially due to the fact that there is a much greater dilution



factor in the harbor.  The estimated flow at Station 5 is 2700 cfs versus 1000



cfs at Dickey Rd.  There is still a considerable amount of bacteriological




                                  21

-------
pollution "being discharged to Lake Michigan in close proximity to several



water supply intakes and bathing beaches.  The improvement in the sanitary



condition of the canal is not as dramatic at Stations k and 5 as it is at the



upstream stations.  At Station k the average dissolved oxygen increased



slightly from 3ปk mg/1 in 1965 to 3.7^ mg/1 in 1966 and total Coliform is the



only bacterial count that showed a significant decrease.  At Station 5 the



dissolved oxygen rose slightly but the bacterial counts were higher in 1966



than in 1965.  The sanitary conditions at these stations are undoubtedly



affected by vessel pollution.



       At Station k the average sulphate concentration rose from 51 fflg/1 in



1965 to 65 mg/1 in 1966, and the phenols rose from an average of 12 ug/1 in



1965 to ifl ug/1 in 1966.  Cyanide appears to have risen from an average of



0.00 mg/1 to 0.07 ng/1 but interference with the analysis affected the 1965



data.  The average concentration of iron at Station k remained the same but



is considerably higher at Station k than at Station 3 which indicates that



a considerable amount of iron is being discharged to the canal between these



two stations.



       Station 6, which was not sampled in 1965, is located about 300 feet



from Station 5.  A comparison of tables 1-5 and 1-6 indicates that there is



no significant difference in the data between these two stations except that



the dissolved oxygen is higher at Station 6.  This is probably due to the



turbulence around the structure and the large growths of algae on the structure,



Station 6 was sampled during January, February and March, while Station 5 was



not.  This, of course, increased the average DO, but the average DO at Station



6 from March 31, 1966 thru June 29, 1966 was 5.89 mg/1 which is still higher



than the 4.63 mg/1 found at Station 5.





                                      22

-------
CHICAGO
if!I (monitor)
   :I2
                                               TABLE  1-4

                                     CHEMICAL  QUALITY   OF   WATER

                                           INDIANA  HARBOR  CANAL

                                                STATION  4

                                             INNER    LIGHTS IHC 335.7
                                                r
                                           h
                                       .J
Parameter
pH
Conductivity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphate) s
Chloride s
MBAS
NH3-N
K02-N03 N
Org-N
Total PO^
Sol. POj^
Iron
Phenol
Cyanide
Susp. So, Lias
Dis. Solids
Temperature
June
Max
7-3
umtto/cm
mg/1 5.9
" 9.1
" 67
62
11
n __
" 1.4
0.74
n IT
1.7
0.23
" 0.10
5.0
ug/l 21
mg/1 0.01
105
255
ฐc 25
1965-Nov. 1965
Min Mean Median
6.9
—
2.4
2.8
0.0
34
—
—
0.75
0.29
0.30
0.08
0.03
2.1
6
0.00
10
215
17
7.1
-=
3.4
4.8
20
51
—
_=
l.l
0.42
1.1
0.16
0.06
3.1
12
0.00
36
240
21.8
7.1
„_
2.4
3.7
9.3
54
--
—
1.1
—
1.3
0.15
0.06
2.6
9
0.00
13
250
22
Jan
Max
8.0
460
5-2
5.0
18
84
30
0.25
5.6
0.55
0.9
0.27
0.19
W9
26
0.25
81
305
24
. 1966 -June
Min Mean
608
385
2o05
2.4
11
23
21
0.07
2.2
0.11
0.0
0.09
0.06
1.5
11
0.00
11
230
12
7.1
419
3-74
3-8
13
65
25
0.17
3.2
0.31
0.4
0.18
0.14
3.0
18
0.07
21
263
18
1966
Median
7.0
420
3.60
4.1
15
70
25
0.17
3-0
0.30
0.4
0.20
0.15
3-0
18
0.07
16
265
19
1965 data "based on 6 samples except for:
1966 data based on 12 samples except for
                               susp.  solidsC4) and dis^solids(3)ซ
                               Mo, NO?, and Org-N (ll).

-------
   CHICAGO
            TABLE  1-5
  CHEMICAL   QUALITY   OF   WATER
           INDIANA  HARBOR
               STATION  5
          OUTER       LIGHTS IHC 336.2
SCmonitor)
     Lake  Michigan
	L.
^
Parameter
PH
Conductivity umho/cm
DO mg/1
BOD "
COD
Sulphates "
Chlorides "
MBAS
NH3-N
NOgfN03 N "
Org.-N "
Total POjj. "
Sol. PO^ "
Iron "
Phenol ug/1
Cyanide mg/1
Susp. Solids "
Dis. Solids "
Turbidity units
Temperature ฐC
V "^
jjrf
-Is
June
Max
7.3
*ป •ป
6.1
13
67
54
--
—
1.4
0.59
1.4
0.21
0.12
3.0
7
0.01
13
255
—
26
/?.
^•^
—/ TV/ j —
Y...
1965-Nov. 1965
Min Mean Median
6.9
—
1.9
2.3
8.4
32
—
—
0.26
0.10
0.1D
0.06
0.03
1.3
0
0.00
3.0
230
—
17
1965 data based on 6 samples except
1966 data based on 12
samples
o
7.1
—
4.2
4.5
20
45
—
--
0.89
0.42
0.73
0.14
0.07
1.9
4
0.00
5.0
175
--
22.2
for:

7.1
—
4.2
3.0
8.6
50
—
--
0.73
0.44
0.71
0.15
0.07
1.7
3
0.00
5-0
235
—
21
Jan
Max
7-9
teo
6.65
5.5
27
81
26
0.21
4.4
0.45
0.8
0.19
0.11
5.6
19
0.19
3-7
280
11.2
23
susp. solids (4)




. 1966-June 1966
Min Mean Median
6.8
350
3.05
2.0
8
45
16
0.10
1.5
0.12
0.00
0.08
0.00
1.3
5.4
0.01
9.0
205
1.8
12
and dis

7.0
384
4.63
3-3
13.3
62
22
0.14
2.4
0.29
0.2
0.12
0.07
3-0
10.4
0.05
14.8
240
6.3
17
. solids

7.0
385
4.80
3-5
13
62
23
0.14
2.4
0.32
0.2
0.14
0.08
3.1
10.0
0.02
13
235
6.2
17
(3).


-------
       CHICAGO
     "T.
                          TABLE  i-e
                CHEMICAL   QUALITY   OF  WATER
                         INDIANA  HARBOR
                            STATION  6
                EAST  BREAKWALL  INNER  LIGHT  IHC 336.25
             ^(monitor)  WATER QUALITY MONITORING STA.
                  Lake Michigan
Parameter
  June 1965-Nov. 1965
Max    Min    Mean  Median
 Jan. 1966-June 1966
Max    Min   Mean  Median
pH
Conductivity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NH3-N
N0g-N03 N
Org.-N
Total PO^
Sol. PO^
Iron
Phenol
Cyanide
Susp. Solids
Dis. Solic.s
Temperatuie

uznho/cm
fflg/1
"
"
"
"
11
11
n
n
it
it
n
ug/1
fflg/1
II
II
ฐC
8.0
460
8.0
5.6
37
77
32
• 35
2.8
0.70
2.1
0.34
0.30
8.1
45
0.20
46
265
19
6.6
320
2.80
1.7
4.0
34
10
.08
0.19
0.12
0.2
0.08
0.03
1-3
1.4
0.00
8
200
6
7-07
372
6.50
3.4
32.0
59
21
.15
1.9
0.42
0.6
0.14
0.09
3.1
15.6
0.08
17
239
32
7-0
385
7.1
3-6
11.0
66
22
.15
1.9
o.4o
0.5
0.13
0.08
3.0
14
0.07
15
240
32
Station net sampled during 1965.
1966 data based on 26 samples except for: chlorides(19); ABS(l9).

-------
Grand Calumet River at Indiana Harbor Belt R.R. Bridge (Station 7)



       This station is located in Illinois just across the Illinois-Indiana



state line and is designed to measure the amount of pollution crossing the



state JJ.ine.  This station is one of the control points established by the



Calumet Area Technical Committee.



       The bulk of the dry weather flow in this stream is made up of effluent



from the Hammond Sewage Treatment Plant and industrial effluent from one steel



company and several smaller companies.



       The stream at this point is grossly polluted.  The twenty-six samples



collected by the Surveillance Project during the period of this report had a



maximum total coliform count of 5*300,000, a minimum of 28,000, a mean of



970,000 and a median of 590,000.  As can be seen in Figure 1-1 these values



compare closely to the values for June-November 1965.  Figures 1-3 and 1-5



indicate that Fecal Coliform and Fecal Streptococci are considerably higher



in 1966.  The maximum Fecal Streptococci rose to 530,000 with a minimum of 500,



a mean of 35,000 and a median of 12,000.  The Fecal Coliform ranged from 1000



to 620,000 with .a mean of 106,000 and a median of 63,000.  The mean and median



for both Fecal Streptococci and Fecal Coliform rose considerably from their



June-Nov. 1965 levels. This increase is significant because the colder months



of January,    February and March would normally cause a decrease.



       The chemical data presented in Table No.    I -7  indicates an average



chloride content of 87 mg/1, an average sulphate content of 187 mg/1, an average



ammonia content of 14.7 mg/1, an average total phosphate content of 7ซ67 mg/1



and an average dissolved solids content of 688 mg/1. All of these parameters are



considerably above the recommended criteria and are normally found in raw or





                                    23

-------
      CHICAGO
                   TABLE  1-7

         CHEMICAL  QUALITY  OF  WATER

               GRAND  CALUMET  RIVER

                   STATION  7

        INDIANA HARBOR BELT  R.R. BRJDGE GC 328.5
                                  fifmonitor)
                                       Lake  Michigan
Parameter
pH
Conductivity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NH3-N
NCglK^ N
Org-N
Total PO^
Sol. PO^
Iron
Phenol
Cyanide
Susp. Solids
Dis. Solids
Turbidity
Temperature


uraho/cm.
mg/1
"
it
"
n
it
n
"
11
11
"
"
ug/1
ag/1
"
"
units
OG
June
Max
7-2
~
5.4
20
108
282
..
—
7.8
13
3-7
32
9.2
17
46
0.12
155
705
—
21
1965-Nov. 1965
Min Mean Median
6.5
—
0.0
4.6
16
52
._
—
1.2
1.2
0.05
5.4
1.3
0.27
4
0.00
7
58
--
6
7.0
—
2.7
n
47
179
—
—
2.9
5.3
0.90
7.7
5-2
2.8
IB
0.02
38
480
—
15.9
7.0
--
2.7
7-3
26
179
—
—
2.4
4.6
1.8
6.9
5-5
0.82
16
0.00
20
540
—
17
Jan
Max
8.2
1150
6.4
004
224
280
180
1.8
32
15
6.6
16.0
10.1
7.9
90
0.05
110
770
19.5
23
. 1966-June
Min Mean
6.8
410
0.00
3.2
25
76
22
.15
0.55
1.1
0.6
0.90
0.3
0.6
3.1
0.00
5
270
1.8
3
7.24
922
4.00
26.4
67
187
87
.70
4.72
6.3
2.4
7.67
2.9
2.13
24.4
.0096
38
668
6.2
n
1966
Median
7.2
1020
4.2
21
56
192
85
.63
3-9
6.4
1.9
7.0
2.0
1.3
19
.01
28
700
5.1
9
1965 data based on 9 samples.
     data tused on 26 saraplee
ABS(19).
except for: turbidity(19); chlorides(l9);

-------
 partially treated sewage.



        The industries above this station probably contribute  a considerable



 quantity of the sulphates  found at the station but the  other  parameters  such



 as iron, phenol and cyanide which are  normally associated with the  steel in-



 dustry are not high.  The  primary source of the  pollution at  this point  appears



 to be the sewage treatment plant at Hammond.





 Little Calumet River at Wentworth Avenue (Station 8)



        The Wentworth Avenue station was established to  monitor the  wastes in the



 Little Calumet River flowing from Indiana to Illinois.   The station is located



 approximately one half mile downstream from the  state line and is one of the



 control points established by the Calumet Area Technical Committee.  The closest



 paging station for flow data is a United States  Geological Survey station



 located about one mile upstream at Hohman Avenue.   There are  no significant



 sources of flow between the two stations.



        As reported in the  report covering the period June-November  1965  con-



 siderable progress has been made on this stream  since  the Great Lakes Illinois



 River Basin Project sampled it in 1963.  The twenty samples taken by the GLIRB



 Project during August and  September of 1963 indicated severe  pollution from



 domestic sewage with an average total  coliform count of 1,600,000 and a  mini-



 mum of 130,000.  The average value for fecal streptococci during this period



 was 80,000 with a minimum  of 19,000.  In 1965 the  average total Coliform count



 was 800,000 with a maximum of 3,500,000 and a minimum of 20,000.  The average



 Fecal Streptococci had been reduced to 6300 with a maximum of 150,000 and a



 minimum of 13,000.



        The data for the first six months of 1966 is somewhat  lower.  As  in-




dicated in Figure 1-1 the total Coliform ranged  from 13,000 to 2,200,000 with




                                       2k

-------
an averse of 330,000 and a median of 110,000.  This reduction is probably-




due to the lower counts during the colder months of January, February and




March, and it does not appear that the quality of the water has changed




substantially since 1965.




        Table 1-8 indicates the average dissolved oxygen in January-June 1966




was 6.k ng/1 compared with 1.8 mg/1 for June-November 1965.  The DO for June




1966, however, was below 2.0 mg/1 and is comparable to the DO for June 1965.




Therefore, this apparent improvement in DO is probably the result of the cold




weather [samples.  Table 1-8 further shows that BOD and COD decreased somewhat




but sulphates increased.  Ammonia and organic nitrogen both decreased while




nitrates increased.  Total phosphates and soluble phosphates decreased slight-




ly while phenols increased.  The increase in phenols is also due to the colder




months since it is not degraded as rapidly at lower temperatures.  The suspend1




ed solids decreased while the dissolved solids increased.



        The stream at this point is not as grossly polluted as it was in 1963



but it still does not meet the criteria recommended by the technical committee.



The improvement is due to the diversion of sewage from Griffith




and Highland to the Hammond Sewage Treatment Plant.  The remaining problems



are due to some industrial pollution, combined sewer overflows and storm sewer




outfalls.  The combined sewer overflows are probably the cause of the high



bacteria counts still found at this station on several occasions.

-------
       CHICAGO
                      MWปI
                     Jll (monitor)
            TABLE  i- s
  CHEMICAL  QUALITY  OF  WATER
        LITTLE  CALUMET  RIVER
            STATION  8
     WENTWORTH   AVE    LC 332.2
     "1.
ฃ{monitor)
     Lake  Michigan
Parameter
pH
Conductivity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NH3-N
N02-N03 N
Org-N
Total POjj.
Sol. PO^
Iron
Phenol
Cyanide
Susp. Solids
Die. Solids
Turbidity
Temperature
June 1965-Nov. 1965
Max Min Mean Median

umho/cm
mg/1
"
11
u
"
"
"
11
"
"
"
"
ug/1
mg/1
11
"
units
ฐC
1965 data based on 19
dissolved solids(lO).
1966 data based on 25
8.8
—
5.0
35
79
31X)
—
ซ
3-7
4.4
8.6
14
9.7
3.8
38
.12
705
640
—
24
samples
samples
7.1
—
0.0
3.9
5-9
57
..
—
0.42
0.04
0.13
1-5
0.51
0.45
0
0.00
17
no
—
4
except
except
7.4
..
1.8
13
45
172
—
—
2.1
1.3
3.2
5-3
3.4
1.5
8
7.3
—
1.5
10
51
170
--
—
2.1
0.72
2.8
4.5
3.6
1.2
6
0.01 0.00
175
470
—
4l
505
—
lฃ.2 18
for
for
Jan. 1966-June 19
Max Min Mean
8.0
1220
11,0
16
89
300
55
•76
3-1
4.3
2.95
6.9
3-1
3-1
39
.02
980
860
103
23
cyanide(rr); susp.
7.0
425
0.2
3.9
20
101
17
.15
• 35
.12
0.8
.22
0.0
.44
.24
.00
13
255
1.2
0
7.5
808
6.4
8.2
45
1B7
41
.28
1.4
1.7
1.7
3-5
1.4
1.0
12.4
.005
89
595
15.6
8
66
Median
7-5
765
7-3
7.8
39
180
44
.25
1.4
1.8
1.4
3.0
1.1
.91
9-3
.00
32
570
9.0
7
solids(UO);
turbidity(l9); conductivity(lB)
chlorides(19), ABS(l9).

-------
Wolf Lake and Outlet (Stations 9 and 10)



       Wolf Lake, -which is located on the Indiana-Illinois state line, has



"been sampled at two points.  Station 9 is directly on the state line which



runs along a causeway that bisects the lake.  This station monitors the



quality of the water crossing the state line and has been established as a



control point by the Calumet Area Technical Committee.  Station 10 is located



on the Wolf Lake outlet at Carondolet Avenue about 3000 feet downstream from



Wolf Lake and monitors the quality of the water leaving the lake.



       The quality of the water at Station 9 is good and meets the recommended



criteria in most respects.  During the first six months of 1966 the total



Coliform count ranged from 4 to 1300 with an average of 116 and a median of



50.  The Fecal Coliform counts ranged from less than 1 to 660 with an average



of 38 and a median of 6.  The Fecal Streptococci varied from less than 1 to



50 with an average of 12 and a median of less than 10.  Figures 1-2  and I-k



show that the total Coliform and Fecal Streptococci are lower than in June-



November 1965 while the Fecal Coliform remained the same.  The 1966 data is



biased by the cold months, the temperature being zero degrees centigrade for



over a month.  The data indicates no significant change in quality since 1965.



       The criteria for ammonia are not met but the maximum value was 0.56



mg/1 which does not indicate a serious problem.  The ammonia content appears



to have increased slightly since 1965 but the 1965 data is based on only two



samples and is not effected by the colder temperatures which inhibit the



microbiological action that breaks down ammonia.  The nitrates and organic



nitrogen which are products of that microbiological action decreased slightly



in the 1966 data.



                                    26

-------
       '.Che only pollution problem which is evident at this station is MBAS.



MBASconcentrations vary from a maximum of 0.19 mg/1 to 0.10 mg/1 with an



average of 0.12 mg/1 and a median of 0.11 mg/1.  These values are considerably



above the recommended criteria and foam has been noted on the lake on several



occasions.  On two occasions during August of.1966 our beach sampler reported



that the lake was covered with foam and all recreational uses were suspended.



       The detergents originate at the Lever Brothers Company.  In general,



these wastes do not inhibit the use of the lake which is widely used for



swimming, boating, fishing and water skiing, but on occasion an acute problem



is  caused by spills or accidental  discharges which  prevent all use of the



lake and could possibly effect the fish population of the lake if the foam



persisted for an extended period.



       On January 26, 1966, 0.35 Hg/1 of cyanide was found at Station 9.  The



source of this cyanide is not known.  It is possible that this is an erroneous



finding since no cyanide was detected in the other 25 samples taken at this



point and none was found in the outlet at Station 10 on that date.  Cyanides



were detected at Station 10 on four occasions but never more than 0.02 mg/1.



It  is possible that occasional discharges are coming from one of the industries



on  the lsi.se.



       The water quality at Station 10 is generally the same as at Station 9.



The sulphates and phenols are somewhat higher and the solids content is slightly



increased but all of the other parameters are almost equal,,  The solids content



would normally be higher in a small stream running through an area of dense



vegetation than in an open lake, but the reasons for the increased phenols and



sulphates are not clear.



                                     27

-------
      CHICAGO
             TABLE  1-9

  CHEMICAL   QUALITY   OF  WATER

             WOLF  LAKE

             STATION  9

 CULVERT  ON  INDIAN A-ILLINOIS STATE LINE
PCmonitor)      IRS  330.2
     Lake Michigan
    •"L
                                               *    ,	4Xfr<
                                         GARY    r--C^P
                             o*
_J
Parameter
pH
Conductivity-
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NHg-N
NCg-NOo N
Org-N
Total POj,.
Sol. POj^
Iron
Phenol
Cyanide
Susp. Solids
Dis. Solids
Turbidity
Temperature
•1 .
-JJQ
-ฅ
June
Max
8.2
umho/cm
mg/1 11.0
5.5
23
60
ii __
n __
0.26
" 0.1*0
" 0.91*
" 0.15
" 0.00
0.38
ug/1 20
mg/1 0.00
" 51
" 265
units
ฐC -
/?. ^-^_/~*-r^
i 	
1965-Nov. 1965
Min Mean Median
8.1
—
10.0
3.7
22
1*6
—
--
0.07
0.38
0.82
0.11
0.00
0.28
1
0.00
2.1*
255
—
—
r
i
Jan
Max
9.8
1*60
15
7.8
26
69
38
.19
.56
1.2
1.19
.3^
.07
.56
19
.35
1*8
320
1*.2
21*


. 1966-June
Min Mean
7.5
350
7-70
1.9
IX)
^5
27
.10
.02
.03
• 51
.01*
.00
QJl
ll*
.00
1*
180
0.5
0
8.1
1*11*
11.01*
3.9
18
55
31
.12
.28
• 38
.76
.11
.02
.21*
3.05
.01
13
268
2.3
8

1966
Median
8.0
1*00
11.2
3-7
18
55
30
.n
.30
.30
.71
.08
.02
.22
2
.00
9
265
2.1
5
1965 data based on 2 samples.
1966 data based on 26 samples except for
turbidity(l9); ABS(l9);  chlorides(l9).
    sol.phosphate(25);  conductivity(19)

-------
      CHICAGO
             TABLE  I-  10

   CHEMICAL   QUALITY   OF   WATER

           WOLF  LAKE  CHANNEL

               STATION  10

      CARONDOLET  AVE   IRS  328.9
    ""L.
fifrnonitor)
     Lake Michigan
Parameter
PH
Conductivity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
MTET
^ JW
HOg-NOo N
Org-N
Total P(\
Sol. PO^
Iron
Phenol
Cyanide
Susp. Solids
Dis. Solids
Temperature


uzoho/cm
mg/1
tt
n
"
"
"
"
it
"
"
"
n
ug/1
mg/1
"
"
ฐc
June
Max
8.4
—
9-9
2.4
20
55
—
—
0.21
0.25
0.83
0.11
0.06
0.37
7
0.00
20
280
ซ
1965-Nov. 1965
Min Mean Median
8.2
—
8.0
1.9
12
45
--
—
0.12
0.23
0.61
0.09
0.01
0.22
0
0.00
17
270
—
Jan
Max
8.8
545
lJ^.0
5-0
26
92
37
.24
0.67
0.67
1.11
0.27
0.24
0.77
15
0.02
65
315
25
. 1966 -June
Min Mean
7-9
370
5-9
1.9
12
69
30
.09
0.10
0.10
0.35
0.03
0.00
0.05
1.4
0.00
2
220
0
8.47
463
10.6
3.1
18
77
34
.13
0.27
0.37
0.70
0.07
0.03
0.23
6.8
0.002
25
289
8
1966
Median
8.5
46o
11.4
3-3
18
77
35
.]2
0.28
0.34
0.62
0.06
0.02
0.23
8.0
0.00
24
295
5
1965 data based on 2 samples.
1966 data based on 26 samples except for:
ABS(19).
     conductivity(l9); chlorides(19);
                                                             GPO 801-482—7

-------
 Calumet Harbor (Stations 11, 12 and 13)



        There are three sampling stations located at Calumet Harbor.  Station



 11 is located at the mouth of the Grand Calumet River immediately adjacent



 to the north pierhead light.  This station was established during January



 1966 in order to correlate the sampling program with a water quality monitor



 which is located in the pierhead light structure.



        Station 12 is located at the mouth of the Grand Calumet River at mid-



 stream.  The purpose of this station is to monitor the quality of the water



 entering the river from the harbor.



        Station 13 is located in mid harbor approximately 3500 feet from the



 mouth of the river.  This station monitors the quality of the water flowing



 in from Lake Michigan to the river.  Stations 12 and 13 require a boat for



Pfeampling and therefore can be sampled only when the weather permits.



        The operation of the O'Brien Lock tends to isolate the area by reversing



 the predominate flow of the river so that water flows from the lake to the



 river most of the time.  For this reason the bulk of the pollution in the



 harbor and at the river mouth originates in the Immediate area.



        As shown in Figure 1-1 the average and median total Coliform counts



 for both the river mouth and the harbor were somewhat lower during the first



 six months of 1966 than during June-November 1965.  The 1966 data is biased



 by the low values found during the cold months.  The values for April, May



 and June of 1966 compare with the values of August and September of 1965 to



 indicate that there has been no significant change in the amount of microbio-



 logical pollution in the area.



        One of the twenty-five samples taken at Station 11 showed considerably





                                      28

-------
higher counts total and fecal coliforms than the remaining samples.  These


values (|30,000 total coliforms and 18,000 fecal coliforms on April 29, 1966)


were not, included in the six month average values and are shown separately on


Figures  1-1 and  1-5  •  The high fecal coliform count indicates that the


pollution was animal or human in origin.  The field notes indicate that a


boat passed while the sample was "being taken.  A sample taken 10 minutes earlier"


at Station 12, which is approximately 150 feet from Station 11, gave normal


counts.  These facts indicate that the pollution probably was a result of the


passing vessel.  This, along with a similar incident discussed in the previous


report, emphasizes the need for control of vessel pollution.


       Since the primary flow at Calumet Harbor is from Lake Michigan to the


river, tie level of microbiological pollution is much lower than at Indiana Harbor.


The pollution that does exist is local in origin and is probably due primarily


to vessels using the harbor and the river.  Tables    I-11 and    1-12 show


that the chemical quality of the water at Station 11 and Station 12 is very


similar.  The dissolved oxygen and the suspended solids are somewhat higher


near the monitor.  This phenomena, which also occurred at the Indiana Harbor


Monitor, is explained by the turbulence caused by the structure. In addition,


the phenol content is considerably higher near the monitor.  This may be due


to outfa.'JLs from the U. S. Steel Corporation which are located near by and


often caiuse the water to be discolored along the bank of the stream.


       Since the primary flow is from the lake the general quality of the water


at each of these stations is good.  Tables   I -12 and  I -13  show that there


has been no significant change in the quality of the water since June-November


1965.  Station 13 is in mid-harbor and represents the quality of the water


coming from the lake.  The increases in iron, phenol and suspended solids con-


tent bet-ween stations 11 and 12 and Station 13 indicate the effect of the


U.S. Steel outfalls on the harbor.
                                        29

-------
        CHICAGO
N
          TABLE  I - II

CHEMICAL  QUALITY   OF   WATER

          CALUMET  RIVER

             STATION  II

    NORTH  PIERHEAD LIGHT CR 333.45
     WATER QUALITY MONITORING  STA.
                                    6(monitpr)
                                         Lake Michigan
parameter
PH
Conductivity
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
MH3-N
NCvj-NOg-N
Org-N
Total PO^
Sol. PO^
Iron
Phenol
Cyanide
Susp. Solids
Dis. Solids
pDemperature
June 1965-Nov. 1965
Max Min Mean Median

utnhG/cm
mg/1
ii
„
it
"
ii
"
ii
it
"
ug/1
mg/1
11
11
ฐC
Jan. 1966-June 1966
Max Min Mean Median
8.3 7.4 7.8
330 203 298
OA.1 4.2 10.1
4.9 0.9 2.5
36 0.7 9-5
35 21 2T
16 10 02
.22 .03 .07
0.72 0.21 0.49
0.32 0.09 0.20
0.70 0.05 0.34
0.90 0.04 0.17
0.78 o.oo o.n
8.6 0.09 2.1
15 0.6 2.9
0.13 0.00 0.02
85 8 29
21X) 150 182
19 0 7
7.8
300
10.4
2.2
8.8
27
12
.05
0.46
0.22
0.31
0.09
0.04
1.1
2.7
0.01
23
185
6
 Station not sampled during 1965.
 1966 data based on 25 samptes except for: KHo,
 Chlorides(l9), ABS(l9).
          NOo and Org-N(24)

-------
      CHICAGO
                        TABLE  I-12
              CHEMICAL  QUALITY   OF   Y/ATER
                        CALUMET  RIVER
                          STATION  12
                     NORTH  PIERHEAD LIGHTS CR333.4
                                  .6(monifor)
                                       Loko Michigan
                                  '4
                      1          j  Co/.
                        HAMMOND !
                                 L.
Parameter
  June 1965-Nov. 1965
Max    Min   Mean Median
  Jan.  1966-June 1966
Max    Min
pH

8.0
7.8
7-9
7-9
Conductivity umho/cm
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
MBAS
NEU-N
N02"N03 W
Org N
Total P04
Sol. POjj.
Iron
Phenol
Cyanide
Susp. So3J.ds
Dis. Soli.ds
Alkalinity mg/1
Temperatire
1965 data based
1966 data based
mg/1
n
n
"
n
"
"
"
"
"
it
"
ug/1
mg/1
"
"
CaCoo
oc
on 11
on 13
9.4
3-7
74
26
--
_-
0.39
o.4i
0.6o
0.25
0.23
2.3
8
0.01
76
"280
"
22
samples
samples
7.1
1.0
0.9
19
—
—
0.16
0.17
o.o4
0.02
0.02
0.23
0
0.00
2
160
--
n
except
except
8.1
1.8
17
24
--
—
0.24
0.28
0.27
0.12
0.08
0.98
2
0.00
22
195
—
16.6
for:
for:
8.1
1.5
8.9
24
—
—
0.22
0.28
0.29
0.80
0.05
0.72
1
0.00
IB
1B5
—
U3
8.1
330
11.1
5-5
IB
30
16
.10
0.68
0.35
3-23
0.13
0.09
1.8
12
0.12
53
235
117
19
7-5
285
5.40
1.0
1.6
18
9
.03
0.35
0.09
0.07
0.05
0.01
0.55
0.0
0.00
k
175
110
4
7.86
300
8.46
2.8
10.4
25
12
.06
0.50
0.20
0.56
0.08
O.o4
1.10
1-9
0.01
20
192
113
n
	 1
7-9
295
7.85
2.2
10
25
12
.05
0.50
0.21
0.33
0.08
o.o4
1.10
0.6
0.01
17
1B5
113
n
susp. solids(8) and dis. solids(7).
chlorides(l2) and ABS(l2).

-------
   CHICAGO
                   TABLE  I-13

„.„.    CHEMICAL   QUALITY   OF  WATER

                  CALUMET  HARBOR

                     STATION 13

                   MID  CHANNEL CR 334.0
	L
        ^(monitor)
            Lake  Michigan
Parameter
Alkalinity
pH



June
Max
—
8.0
1965-Nov. 1965
Min Mean Median
—
7.7
—
7-9
—
7.9
Conductivity umho/cm
DO
BOD
COD
Sulphates
Chlorides
NBAS
NH3-N
N02-N03 N
Org N
Total POi,.
Sol. POjj.
Iron
Phenol
Cyanide
Susp. Solids
Dis. Solids
PPurbidity
Temperature
1965 data based
1966 data based
mg/1
II
"
11
"
n
"
11
"
1,1
11
"
ug/1
mg/1
"
"
units
oc
10
2.1
26
37
__
--
0.27
0.53
0.51
0.78
0.29
1.8
3
0.01
17
195
—
22
on 10 samples
on 12 samples
7.0
1.0
0.0
19
--
—
0.10
0.-17
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.09
0
0.00
1
155
—
10
except
except
8.5
1.5
9.0
25
—
..
0.19
0.27
0.26
0.15
0.08
0.52
1
0.00
8
175
—
16.2
for:
for:
8.3
1.6
5-9
24
--
—
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.06
0.04
0.18
0
0.00
6
170
—
3JB
Jan.
Max
121
8.1
310
12.2
4.8
lฃ
26
14
.09
0.48
0.35
0.56
0.10
0.05
2.1
5-3
0.01
46
210
8;8
18
susp. solids (7)
turbidity (10).
1966-June 1966
Min Mean Median
107
7.4
270
7-3
1.3
3.0
IB
8
.03
0.24
0.08
0.10
0.04
0.00
0.29
0.0
0.00
3
170
1.3
5
and dis
113
7.8
293
9.2
2.6
9L.2
24
11
•05
0.33
0.18
0.37
0.06
0.02
0.66
1-3
.002
12
190
2.6
12
Ill
7.8
300
9.3
2.3
10
25
U.
.04
0.33
0.16
0.39
0.06
0.02
0.48
0.0
0.00
9
185
3.4
14
. solids(6).

-------

^0,000,0007



1,000,000-



100,000-


-• 10,000-
i
>.
t
S 1,000 •
Q


100
10













(12) ^
1
1
1
*;
1
J.


Columet
Mouth












f


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^
30000
4/29/66
(25)






Calumet Hbr.
Monitor












131
t
i

y

_L

Calumet















1)

^


Hbr.

(221
^ ซ8)
1
^ 1
>N I
V' T
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1
T
i 1









Wentworth Ave.
/
T ^

6
j 1
j •
c:> i
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INDIANA Hbr.
Belt R.R
/
                 LEGEND


                   Max.


                   Mean

                   Median


                   Min.
       1966 Data
         (16) Na ol Timei Sampled
  0
   J.
1968 Data
   CALUMET AREA  SURVEILLANCE  PROJECT


          TOTAL  COLIFORM

    STREAM   SAMPLING  STATIONS

    MAXIMUM, MINIMUM,  MEAN 8  MEDIAN


    U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AQMIN.
Great Lakes Region           Chicago,Illinois
                     _____

-------
   1,000,000'-
    100,000-;
     10,000-
   o
   o
   > i.OOO-
   UJ
   a
        lOOT
         10-
             Wolf  Lake
                        (6)
 .%
 0
Wolf Lake
                                 (5)

Indiano Hbr
                                                     ()
                              V1
                               !  (12)
ndiana Hbr Indiana Hbr.
                                      >,7o,ooo
               Channel  State Line   Outer  Lt.    Monitor    Inner  Lt.
Dickey Rd
                                                                       4300,000

151st"  St.
                                                                                 Penn. R.R.
                                                                                            T
                                                                                            i
                                                                                             i
                                                                                             i
                                                                                            f**
                                                                                   Median    \ )
                                                                                   Mm.
                                                                     1
                                                    1966 Data      1965  Data
                                                       (16) NO. of Times  (16)
                                                          Sampled
GPO SO I-482—6
                                                                       SURVEILLANCE  PROJECT
                                                               TOTAL  COL I FORM
                                                        STREAM   SAMPLING   STATIONS
                                                        MAXIMUM, MINIMUM,  MEAN  & MEDIAN
                                                         U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                                     FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AOMIN.
                                                     Great Lakes Region            Chicago,Illinois
                                                                            FIGURE 1-2

-------
^o.ooopoo-
 1,000,000-
   100,000-
 -•  10,000
 o
 o
 to
 Q
100-
        10
      140,000
      8/18/65
       *
       (13)
                                       T
                                                                (13)
                                                          JL
            Calumet  R   Calumet  Hbr.
               Mouth        Monitor
                               Calumet  Hbr.   Wentworth Ave. INDIANA Hbr.
                                                          Belt R.R.
 H
                                                                  LEGEND
                                                             Max.
                                                             Mean
                                                             Median
                                                             Win.
T

                                                        1966 Data              1965 Data
                                                         (16) Na ol Time* Sampled (16)
                                                    CALUMET  AREA  SURVEILLANCE  PROJECT

                                                          FECAL   STREPTOCOCCI
                                                     STREAM    SAMPLING  STATIONS
                                                     MAXIMUM,  MINIMUM, MEAN  8 MEDIAN
                                                     U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                                  FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AOMIN.
                                                  Great Lakes Region            Chicago,Illinois
                                                  ~"                     FIGURE 1-1

-------
1,000,000-
  100,000-:
   10,000 -:
 8
    IjOOO-
      100-
       10
(26)
(6J
i
*
!
J





Wolf Lake


i
V

*
Wo
                      6
                      *d.
             Chonnel
Wolf Lake
State Line
                              Indiana Hbr
         Indiana Hbr
Outer  Lt.    Monitor
Indiano Hbr.
                              fe
Dickey  Rd.
I5lsl  St.
Penn. R.R.
                                                                                 Median

                                                                                 Min.
                                                                        1966 Data   1965 Data
                                                                          (16) NO. of Times  (16)
                                                                             Sampled
                                                     CALUMET  AREA  SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
                                                          FECAL    STREPTOCOCCI
                                                      STREAM   SAMPLING  STATIONS
                                                      MAXIMUM, MINIMUM, MEAN  8 MEDIAN
                                                      U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                                  FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN.-
                                                  Great Lakes Region             Chicago.lllinois
                                                                         FIGURE 1-4

-------
fclO.OOOjOOO-
1,000,000-
-
100,000 •:
•

_. 10,000-
E :
i :
•v.
fc
g 1,000 -
o


100 -



ID "















(14)
(10)
T <
j

I
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i


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Mouth

>

^
'




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18,000
4/29/66
y











5)



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(9)
T <
! ,
?
0
1
1
1
i
R Calumet Hbr. Columet
Monitor /








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1 T
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Hbr. Wentworth
/


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r
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L_











Ave. INDIANA Hbr.
Belt R.R.
                LEGEND
                  Max.
                  Mean
                  Median
      1966 Doto
        (16) No. of Times Sampled
  A
  V
I960 Data
  CALUMET  AREA  SURVEILLANCE PROJECT

          FECAL COLIFORM
    STREAM  SAMPLING  STATIONS
    MAXIMUM, MINIMUM,  MEAN 5  MEDIAN

    U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN.
Great Lakes Region           Chicago.lllinois
                     F)GURE I_5

-------
  1,000,000 -
    100,000-
     10,000 -
   o
      1,000 -
en
z
UJ
o
        100
          10-
                 126)
              Wolf Lake
                        (6)
                   Wolf  Lake
                              6
Indiana Hbr
Indiana Hbr
                                                     (3)
                                                  9  02)

                                                   I
                                                   t
                                                   I
                                                   I
                                                     y
Indiana Hbr.
                                                              Dickey Rd.
                Channel  State Line   Outer  Lt.
                                                                         02(26)
151st  St.
H
                                                                              Penn. R.R.
                                                                                 LEGEND


                                                                                   Max.
                                                                                Mean
                                                           9
                                                                                   Medion   ( '



                                                                                   Min.      ~i~

                                                                          1966  Data     1965  Data

                                                                             06) NO. of Times  (16)

                                                                                Sampled
                                                      CALUMET AREA  SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
                                                               FECAL   COLIFORM

                                                        STREAM   SAMPLING   STATIONS

                                                        MAXIMUM, MINIMUM, MEAN 8  MEDIAN
                                                        U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

                                                    FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AOMIN.

                                                    Great Lakes Region            Chicago,Illinois
                                                                           FIGURE 1-6

-------
                     PARC II - BEACH SAMPLING PROGRAM
       Microbiological information is based on sampling of Lake Michigan
beaches in the Calumet Area between May 31 and September 15, 1966.  Samples
collected by the Surveillance Project were processed in the GLIRBP Laboratories
by means of the membrane filter (MF) method to determine total coliform, fecal
coliform and fecal streptococci,
       Seven Lake Michigan beaches in the Calumet Area were sampled during the
1966 bathing season.  The beaches sampled were Rainbow, Calumet- Park Inner
and Calumet Park Outer, in Illinois.  Rainbow beach was sampled at 75th Place
and 77th Place and Calumet Park Inner beach at 99th and 100th Streets.  Hammond,
Whiting, E. Chicago and Wolf Lake at 121st Street were the Indiana beaches
sampled.  Wolf Lake was not included in the beach sampling program during the
1965 season.
Procedure
       Samples were obtained in four feet of water at elbow depth, approximately
18" below the surface.  The samples were immediately stored in an ice chest
until processed at the laboratory.  The sampler recorded the following informa-
tion at the time of collecting the sample; number of bathers within a one-
hundred foot radius; air temperature, water temperature, wind speed and
direction; cloud cover and weather conditions; and surf conditions.  All samples
were processed on the same day that they were taken.
       The laboratory methods followed are in accordance with the procedure
established in "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater"
(l2th ed).  Fecal coliform determinations were made by the MF method, using
M-FC broth base (Difco) with Rosolic acid as an indicator.  This method was
developed by Geldreich et al at the Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center
(Goldreich et al. '65, J.A.W.W.A., 57: 2: 208-214, Feb).

                                    30

-------
Data. Analyses



       Comparisons of the 1965 and 1966 data for total coliform, fecal



streptococci and fecal coliform densities are shown graphically for each beach



in Figures II-1, II-2 and II-3.  It should be noted that a greater number of



samples were collected and analyzed in 1966 than in 1965.



       '.Che maximum, minimum, arithmetic mean and median densities for total



coliform at Rainbow and E. Chicago beaches are approximately the same as in



1965 (F:Lgure II-l). Calumet Park Inner and Outer beaches show slightly lower



counts 1'or total coliform in 1966 while Hammond and Whiting beaches are



markedly higher.  The maximum values as shown in Figure 1 indicate that Hammond



and Whiting beaches are subject to periods of extremely heavy pollution.



       Fecal streptococci are an indication of possible contamination of the



water fzom domestic sewage.  Fecal streptococci densities for 1965 and 1966



compared, graphically in Figure II-2.  The  maximum and mean counts for the



beaches at Calumet Park Outer, Hammond, Whiting and E. Chicago are consider-



ably higher than in 1965 indicating that the beaches are subject to contamin-



ation from domestic wastes.



       Tie beaches were sampled 27-29 times during the 1966 season for fecal



coliform counts.  Figure II-3 shows a graphic comparison of the 1965 and 1966



findings,   It should be noted that there were only four samples in 1965 and



that thene were at the end of the season when temperatures were lower and



beach usage less.  The maximum and mean fecal coliform counts are higher in



1966 at every sampling point.  Thirty-three percent of the samples collected



at Hammond and 22$ of the Whiting beach samples had counts of more than 10,000



fecal coliform per 100 ml.





                                     31

-------
       Wolf Lake at 121st was not sampled in the 1965 season but was

sampled 32 times in 1966.  The total coliform counts ranged from a maximum

of 4,400 to a minimum of 6 with the median 230 and the mean 525.  Fecal

streptococci counts ranged from less than 1 to 380 with the mean 32 and the

median 10.  Twenty-seven samples for fecal coliform determinations ranged

from 2 to 1,100 with the mean 79 and the median 10.  These values indicate

that the lake is relatively free of pollution and most of the bacteria

probably originate with the bathers using the beach.                x

       The criteria for determining satisfactory water quality for bathing

at the beaches in the Calumet Area are:

       a.  The water quality is satisfactory if MP collforms are less than
           1,000 and MP fecal streptococci are less than 100.

       b.  The water quality is satisfactory,if MF collforms are between
           1,000 and 5,000 and MP fecal streptococci are less than 20.

    These  standards have been applied to the data collected at the beaches

in the Calumet Area for the 1966 swimming season.  Table II-l gives the

number and percent of times water quality at beaches did not meet the criteria.

                                Table II-l
Beach
Rainbow 75th
77th
Calumet Outer
1965
No. of times
criteria not
met
-UD
9
Calumet Inner 99th -\c
100th
Hammond
Whiting
E. Chicago
Wolf Lake
16
10
11
-
$ of time
criteria not
met
74
57
91
100
60
61
•y\
1966
No. of times
criteria not
met
10
13
lฃ
14
12
24
24
16
3
$ of time
criteria not
met
32$
42$
51$
43$
37$
75$
77$
50$
9$

-------
       From this table it is clear that the beaches were somewhat cleaner




in 1966 than they were in 1965 "but that significant pollution still exists




especially at the Hammond and Whiting "beaches which met the criteria less




than one quarter of the time.




       .Figures II-l, II-2 and II-3 indicate that fecal coliform and fecal




streptococci did not decline as much as the total coliform counts and that




on certain days there were extremely high counts at several beaches. This in-




dicates that much of the pollution is animal in origin and fairly fresh. It



may haw originated from bathers using the beaches or from boats and offshore




shipping.




       Ko correlation was found between the coliform counts and rainfall



which would cause local drainage and possible outflows from combined sewers.




It must be noted however, that the 1966 bathing season was unusually dry



and theiefore, this study is not conclusive.




       It was noted that 75$ of the high counts occurred when the wind had an



easterly component.  This is probably due to the higher wave action which is




associated with easterly winds.  The waves tend to stir up the bottom.
                                    33
                                                                 GPO 601—ซB2-5

-------
1,000,
-

10,000 -

I
8'POฐ-
•v '
DENSITY
100-
•
JO-
tf




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Middle
E. CHICAGO
^*
             LEGEND

(16)        No. Times Sompled
T Max.
   Mean

      Median
   *  Win.
1965 Date
      Max.
      Mean

      Median
1966 Data
                                                     CALUMET AREA  SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
                                                   BEACH  SAMPLING  -TOTAL  COLIFORM
                                                       MAXIMUM, MINIMUM, MEAN  & MEDIAN
                                                              JUNE - SEPT. 1966
                                                    U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                                FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN.
                                                Great Lakes Region            Chicago.lllinois
                                                                        FIGURE IE-1

-------

10,000-
•
1,000-



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8
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Middle
E.
CHICAGO
t
  (IS)        No. Times Sompled
   T  Mm.
      mm

  C  Median

   •*•  Min.
1965 Ooปo
                                  Max.
                                  Mean

                                  Median
                                  Min.
                            1966 Data
                                                 CALUMET AREA  SURVEILLANCE  PROJECT
 BEACH SAMPLING -  FECAL   COLIFORM
     MAXIMUM, MINIMUM,  MEAN 8 MEDIAiNI
            JUNE- SEPT. 1966
    U.S.DEPARTMENJ OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMiN.
Great Lakes Region            Chicago,Illinois
                                                                    FIGURE  I-13

-------
                        PART III - AUTOMATIC MONITORING




 Description of Facilities



       At  present  there are two automatic water quality monitoring stations



 in operation,  one  at Calumet Harbor and one at Indiana Harbor.  These




 instruments, manufactured by the Schneider Instrument Company of Cincinnati,




 Ohio,  consist  of three main elements;  the flow cells, the electronic cir-



 cuitry and the data recorder.




       A flow  cell consists of a tapered cylindrical chamber through which



 water  from the river is continuously pumped.  Electrochemical probes which




 are capable of detecting changes in the chemical properties of the water can



 be inserted into the cell. These probes send an electric signal to the




 electronic circuitry portion of the monitor where it is amplified, modified,



•displayed  on a galvanometer and sent to the data recording section of the



 monitor.




       Each monitor has eight flow cells so that it is capable of handling



 a minimum  of eight parameters.  Some parameters such as temperature can be



 put in the same  flow cell with another parameter so that the flow cells can



 handle more than eight parameters.



       The electronics section of  the monitor consists of separate circuits



 for each parameter.  Each of these circuits includes several potentiometers



 and a  galvanometer which can be calibrated to show the value of the parameter




 at all times.  Compensation circuits are included so that parameters that are



 dependent  upon other parameters can be measured on a uniform basis.  For example,



 the conductivity parameter has a temperature compensation circuit so that the



 conductivity is  always recorded as 25ฐC conductivity.  The electronics section




 has eight  cubicles so that it is limited to eight parameters.  An additional

-------
section would "be required to accommodate more than eight parameters.




       The recorder section takes signals from the electronic circuits,




converts them into mechanical energy and prints the data on a chart which




is moving at the rate of one inch per hour.  The value of each parameter




is recorded once every 6 minutes.  The recorder has twelve channels and




therefore has the capacity to handle twelve parameters.




       At present four parameters are being measured at each monitor. These




include temperature, specific conductivity, pH and dissolved oxygen.  These




are being measured primarily because they are the ones for which reliable



probes have been developed.  Probes are being developed for sulphates and



chlorides. These will be added to each monitor as soon as they become available.




Evaluation of Results



       At its present stage of development the automatic monitoring program



is not producing up to its full potential.  There are two basic reasons for




this, one is that the parameters being measured are not the critical pollu-



tion parameters in the area and the second is that,at present, the data is



not presented in a form that permits immediate investigation of significant




variations in the parameters being measured.




       Except for some initial problems the monitors have demonstrated their



ability to operate reliably and continuously over a considerable period of



time with a minimum of maintenance.  As indicated in Figures III-l through Ill-k




the data has a reasonable range and is in reasonable agreement with the



result.'j of our weekly sampling program.  Much of the variation from the weekly



sampling results can be explained by the fact that the samples were not taken




at exactly the same point or depth as the monitor intake.  In the future,






                                       35

-------
weekly samples for full laboratory analysis will "be taken directly from


the flow cells in the monitor.


       The purpose of continuous monitoring is not to establish water quality.


A weekly sampling program is more suitable for this purpose because of the


great number of analyses that can be run in the laboratory.  The primary


purpose of the monitor is to give immediate indication and warning of changes


in the water quality so that action can be taken to determine the cause of


the change and so that downstream users can be warned if necessary.  Due to


the fact that the data is stored on a chart and is not immediately available


unless the monitor is attended at all times, this utilization has not been


realized.


Proposed Improvements


       The addition of the ferric iron and sulphates parameters should, provide


a more direct measurement of the industrial pollution that is predominant in


the area.


       A central station to which all monitors will telemeter their data is


planned.  The data will be continuously displayed so that any deviations in


water quality could be instantly detected and investigated.  In addition,


each monitor will be equipped with an automatic sampler which will take a


sample if any parameter exceeds certain limits and will flash a. warning in


the central station.


       Eventually there will be a network of six monitors in the area.  The


central station will receive the data from each of these stations, display


it and store it in a computer for analysis.  This will give the project the


ability to detect and immediately react to changes in water quality in the


area.

                                    36
                                                                 QPO 801—482—4

-------
                                                          SURVEILLANCE  PROJECT
                                             U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                         FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN.
                                         Great Lakes Region           GMeogo.lllinois
                    I I J I 111 I LI I
                                                                          1.1 i  i .1 i  i n i  i 1.1 \  hi.! i  n t i
.i  i i i  i i i, i  i i .i i i n i i i, i i i .i i i
                                                             1.1 i  i .1 r i  <
9            12           15
  TIME  (WEEKS  OF  1966)

-------
10
        CALUMET  AREA  SURVEILLANCE PROJECT
                     pH vs.  TIME
                  WEEKLY  AVERAGES
         INDIANA HARBOR CANAL MONITOR DATA
          U.S.DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
       FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN.
       Great Lakes Region           Chicago.)Hindis
                                                                           l l .1 I I I I I I. I I I .1 I I  I I ll  I, I I I ,1 I I  1 I I  I, I I  I
                                                                                 18           21           24
                                           TIMF
    12
(WFFk.q OF

-------
  CALUMET AREA  SURVEILLANCE  PROJECT
        CONDUCTIVITY  vs. TIME
          WEEKLY AVERAGES
 INDIANA HARBOR CANAL MONITOR  DATA
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMIN.
Great Lakes Region           Chicago.lllinois
                                                                                                 JUN*       I

                                   9           12           15
                                     TIME  (WEEKS  OF  1966)

-------
  CALUMET  AREA  SURVEILLANCE  PROJECT
      DISSOLVED OXYGEN vซ. TJME
           WEEKLY  AVERAGES
 INDIANA HARBOR CANAL MONITOR *DATA
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FEDERAL WATER POL LUTiON CONTROL ADMiN.
Great Lakes Region            Chicago.lllinois

                                                                                                        24
27
                                        TIMC"    '"'

-------
                                ADDENDUM


         COMPARISON ON USE OF DENDY SAMPLERS AND OTHER BOTTOM SAMPLERS


                                   Toy
                              H. J. Fisher
                             Chief Biologist



       During November 1965* samples "were collected at the same stations with

the Dendy sampler and the Petersen dredge or the Eckman dredge by personnel of

the Calumet Area Surveillance Projectป  The Dendy sampler used plates

representing sand, sawdust, or shell substrate.  All samples were presented

to the biological laboratory of Great Lakes-Illinois River Basins Project for

analysis.

       Identification of organisms found in each sample was completed during

 jie summer of 1965*  Results are shown in the table at the end of this report.

                                  Discussion

       The purpose of this brief study was to determine the correlation, if

any, between the effectiveness of sampling macroorganisms by the Dendy sampler

with that of regular bottom samplers, that is, the Eckman dredge and the

Peterson dredge.

       Reference to the table indicates that there was little correlation

between the number of individuals and species collected by the Dendy sampler,

set at sites above the bottom, with those collected by the Eckman or Petersen

dredge from the bottom.  In most samples, the numbers of individuals and

species collected by either of the latter two samplers exceeded those collected

by the Dendy sampler.

       Only those samples collected on the bottom by Dendy compare somewhat

     bottom samples collected by the other bottom samplers at the same station.

-------
RESULTS OF BENBY SAMPLES COMPARED TO BOTTOM SAMPLES
Location
Calumet Rivdr
2X)6th St.

Little Calumet River
Ashland Avenue
Little Calumet
Wentworth Avenue

Calumet River
Torrence Avenue
Grand Calumet and
Indianapolis Blvd.





Grand Calumet and
Indiana Harbor Belt

Grand Calumet and
Industrial Hwy.


Type of
Bendy
1.
2.



1.
2.

1.
2.
1.
2.
3.





R.R.

1.
2.


Sawdust
Sand

Sawdust

Sawdust
Sand

Sand
Sawdust
Sand
Sawdust-shells
Sawdust




Shell


Sawdust-shell
Sand


Depth of
Bendy
Sampler
27' above
bottom

1^' above
bottom
I1 above
bottom

17 ' above
bottom,
on bottom






8" above
bottom


on bottom


Type of No. of Organisms in
Organisms Organisms Bottom Samples
No
organisms found
^ygaptera

No

1.
2.

1.
2.
1.


2.


3-



1.


2.

organisms found

Tendipedidae
Tubificidae
Zendipedidae
Tubificidae
No organisms found
Physa
Tubificidae
Tendipedidae
Lyanea
Tubificidae
Tendipedidae
Tubificidae
Tubificidae
Tendipedidae

Physa
Tubificidae
Tendipedidae
Tubificidae
^
1

-

38
1
28
1*8
-
10
16
18
27
36
9
183
368
1

1
266
2
310
Hirudinea
Oligochaeta
Tubificidae
Tubificidae

Tubificidae
Neraatoda
Tendipedidae
Oligochaeta

Physa
Tubificidae
Tendipedidae




Tubificidae
Tendipedidae
Tendipedidae
Tubificidae



No. of
Organisms
2
3
364
6976

275
1
35
602

k
323
2




1094
55
5
968




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The numbers of the tubiflcidae, pollution tolerant worms, collected by the



Eckman or Petersen dredge far exceeded those collected by the Dendy sampler



on the bottom at the following stations:  Grand Calumet and Indianapolis



Boulevard and Grand Calumet and Industrial Highway.  Only at the Calumet



River Bridge Street Station did the number of tubificidae collected by the



Dendy sampler on the bottom exceed the numbers of these sludge worms taken



by the regular bottom samplers.



       It is the writer's opinion that the numbers of individuals and the



numbers of species of aquatic organisms collected above the bottom by the



Dendy sampler did not  compare closely with those taken by either the Eckman



or Petersen dredge hauls from the bottom in the present study.  Although a



closer correlation between the results of the methods was noted on samples



^aken from the bottom, more comparing tests should be made between the



Dendy sampler on the bottom with the Eckman or Petersen dredge >"*n\s in order



to obtain more reliable comparable results.



       It is the writer's opinion that accurate conclusions cannot be made



from the one sampling conducted in this study.



                         Comment by Peggy Harris, Biologist



"Dendy samples leave organisms, such as blood worms, in their natural state



of color;  however, oligochaetes have the tendency to become clear and jelly-



like in consistency and to cling to the plates."

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                                  RESULTS OF BENDY SAMPLES COMPARED TO BOTTOM SAMPLES
Type of
Location Dendy
Wolf Lake Channel and 1.
Corondolet Avee 2ป










Indiana Harbor Canal 1.
151st Street 2.
Grand Calumet River 1.
Bridge Street 2.
Little Calumet River 1.
Nev York Central Bridge 2 .

Calumet River at !<,
Indiana Avenue 2.

Calumet River
Sand
Sawdust










Sawdust
Sand
Sand
Sawdust
Sand
Sawdust

Sand
Sawdust

Sawdust
Depth of
Dendy Type of No. of Organisms in No. of
Sampler Organisms Organisms Bottom Samples Organisms
1' above lo
bottom 2 .










I1 above 1.
bottom 2 .
on bottom 1.
2.
IV above 1.
bottom
2.
IV above 1.
bottom 2 o

No
SjLmulidae 125
Np organisms










Tubificidae 31
Tubificidae 6
Tubificidae 179
No organisms
Tendipedidae 13
Odonata 1
Tubificidae 3
No organisms found
Tubificidae 6
Tendipedidae 2
organisms found

Pontaporeia
Isopoda
Physa
Gyraulus
Hirudinea
Glossiphonia
Tubificidae
Tendipedidae
Simulidae
Emphemeroptera
Trichoptera
Tubificidae
Tendipedidae

Tubificidae
Tubificidae
Tendipedidae

Hirudinea
Tubificidae
Tendipedidae
Tubificidae

12
1
1
2
5
2
1*2
67
101
2
1
232
2

13
654
2

If
1161
17
24
 130th Street
GPO 8O1—482—3

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