EPA-600/2-77-058
February 1977
Environmental Protection Technology Series
       SEALING COKE-OVEN  CHARGING LIDS, CHUCK
           DOORS, AND STANDPIPE ELBOW COVERS:
                            SURVEY  OF  CURRENT U.S.
                                    STATE OF THE ART

                                Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
                                     Office of Research and Development
                                     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                               Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

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                 RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES

 Research reports of the Office  of Research  and Development, U.S.  Environ-
 mental Protection Agency,  have been grouped into five series. These five broad
 categories were established to  facilitate further development and application
 of  environmental technology.  Elimination of traditional grouping was con-
 sciously planned to foster technology  transfer  and a maximum  interface in
 related fields.  The five series are:
     1.     Environmental Health Effects Research
     2.     Environmental Protection Technology
     3.     Ecological Research
     4~    Environmental Monitoring
     5.     Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
 This report has been assigned to the  ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH  EFFECTS
 RESEARCH series.  This series  describes projects and studies relating to the
 tolerances of man for unhealthful substances or conditions. This work is gener-
 ally assessed from a medical viewpoint, including  physiological or psycho-
 logical studies.  In addition to toxicology and other medical specialities, study
 areas include biomedical  instrumentation  and health research techniques uti-
 lizing animals—but always with intended application to human health measures.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service,  Springfield, Virginia  22161.

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                                   EPA-600/2-77-058

                                   February 1977
         SEALING COKE-OVEN

   CHARGING LIDS,  CHUCK  DOORS,

  AND STANDPIPE  ELBOW COVERS:

SURVEY OF CURRENT U. S. STATE OF THE ART
                     by

  C.E. Mobley, A.O.  Hoffman, andH.W. Lownie

        Battelle-Columbus Laboratories
               505 King Avenue
            Columbus, Ohio  43201
       Contract No. 68-02-1323, Task 58
            ROAPNo. 21AQR-042
         Program Element No. 1AB015
    EPA Task Officer: Robert C.  McCrillis

  Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
    Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry
      Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                Prepared for

 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
      Office of Research and Development
            Washington, DC 20460

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                                   Ml
                         TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                    Page
INTRODUCTION	         1

   Location of Coke-Oven Charging Lids, Chuck Doors,
   and Standpipe Elbow Covers	         2

STATE-OF-THE-ART SURVEY ON SEALING CHARGING LIDS,
   CHUCK DOORS, AND STANDPIPE ELBOW COVERS	         5

   Charging Lids	         5
   Chuck (Leveler) Door.,	         7

   Standpipe Elbow Covers	        12

SUMMARY	        12

REFERENCES	        14
                          LIST OF FIGURES


FIGURE 1.  SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW
           OF A BY-PRODUCT COKE OVEN	         3

FIGURE 2.  SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION OF STANDPIPE SYSTEM	         4

FIGURE 3.  SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION OF CHUCK (LEVELER) DOOR
           SEALING SYSTEM	         8
FIGURE 4.  SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION OF A BLOOM ENGINEERING CO.
           LEVELER AND PUSHER DOOR ASSEMBLY	        10

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                              Introduction

          By-product coke ovens have long been recognized as one of the
primary sources of emissions within the steel-plant complex.     Numerous
studies and development/implementation programs have been undertaken to
reduce the quantity of emissions associated with the coke-making process.
Understandably, most attention has been directed to the parts or steps of
the coke-production process which are considered the principal sources of
the emissions.  Thus, attention has been focused on controlling and/or
eliminating the emissions associated with oven charging, pushing, coke
                                   (2-5)
quenching, and end-closure leakage.
          While these are the predominant sources of emissions, other
parts of the coking units may also emit pollutants.  Little quantitative
information is presently available as to the underlying causes, quantity,
and temporal duration of these secondary emission sources associated with
the coke ovens.
          This study was undertaken to provide the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency  (EPA) a survey of the current state of the art for
sealing coke-oven  charging lids, standpipe elbow covers, and chuck doors
within the U.S. coke-making industry.
          This survey was conducted as part of the EPA program entitled
"Technical Support for US/USSR Task Force on Abatement of Air Pollution
from the Iron and  Steel Industry".  The intent of the survey was to establis
the current design and operating methodology relating to the sealing of  the
oven charging lids, elbow covers, and chuck doors.  The development of data
on the extent and  types of emissions associated with these  three components
of coke ovens was not part of the program's  scope.   This  study was  conducted
over the period of October 15 through October  31,  1976.
          Prior to presenting the results  of the  survey program,  it  is
advantageous to briefly describe the  location  and  function of the three
coke-oven components considered  in this  study.

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                   Location of Coke-Oven Charging Lids,
                 Chuck Doors, and Standpipe Elbow Covers

          An illustrative schematic cross-sectional view of a by-product
coke oven is shown in Figure 1.  The relative locations of the charging
lids (Circle 1), the chuck door (Circle 2), and the standpipe elbow cover
(Circle 3), are indicated as part of Figure 1.  Most U.S. coke ovens have
4 charging holes (and, in turn, 4 charging lids) located across the top
of each oven.  A small number of U.S. coke batteries have ovens with
3-charging-hole systems.
          The chuck (or leveling)  door is  the  opening in the end-closure
door through which the leveling bar  is introduced for leveling the coal
during and after charging to  the oven.  Each end-closure door on the pusher
side of the oven contains one chuck  door near  the top of the door (specifically,
at a height matching the coal line of the oven).
          To permit the escape of volatile matter driven from the coal
during coking, an opening exists at the top of the oven at either one
or both ends of the coking chamber.   Each such opening is fitted with an
offtake pipe known as the standpipe or ascension pipe, which connects the
oven with the gas-collecting main for the battery.  Where one gas off-
take is provided, it is through the roof of the oven at one end of the oven,
and where two offtakes are used, there is one at each end of the oven.  The
volatiles pass through the ducts in the oven  top into a refractory-lined
standpipe which, in turn, is connected to a collecting main through a damper
valve.   The standpipe is equipped with a cap  valve, or "elbow cover" between
the damper valve and the oven.  The piping associated with the volatile
offtake system is generally of a shape similar to a gooseneck,  (i.e.,
 [/   shaped), with the elbow cover or cap located at or near the top
of the standpipe system.  A more detailed schematic illustration of a
standpipe system with its elbow cover is shown in Figure 2.
          For the major portion of a coking cycle, these three  components
(i.e.,  charging lids, chuck doors, and standpipe elbow covers)  are  in  place
(i.e.,  in a closed or sealing position).  The charging lids  are removed
from the charging holes during the coal charging operation and during
the preceeding decarbonization period.   After charging the coal to

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                                                               j(§tandpipe Elbow Cover)
FIGURE 1.  SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW OF A
           BY-PRODUCT COKE OVEN

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                                BLUSHING UQ!JQE
                                SPRAY IMO2ZLES
FIGURE  2.   SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION OF STANDPIPE  SYSTEM
                                                           (6)

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the oven, the chuck door  is  opened  to  allow  the  introduction of  the  leveling
bar to remove the peaks resulting from charging.  The  standpipe  elbow  cover
is opened to provide  access  to  clean the  standpipe  (i.e.,  remove constricting
carbonaceous buildups).   The elbow  cover  is  also opened to vent  the oven
to the atmosphere.  All these components  are closed for the duration of  the
coking period.  If these  three  components are properly designed, maintained,
and placed, they are  expected to provide  total seals against the emission  of
pollutants to the atmosphere.
          With  this brief description  of  the oven charging lids, chuck
doors, and standpipe  elbow covers,  the current state of the art  for  sealing
each of  these components  is  presented  in  the next section.  For  those
readers  desiring more information on these components, a more  detailed
description of  the location  and function  of  these three components is  available
in The Making,  Shaping and Treating of Steel.^ '

            State-of-The-Art Survey on Sealing Charging Lids,
                 Chuck Doors, and Standpipe  Elbow Covers

          The current techniques and methodology for sealing each of the
three components are  presented sequentially herein,

Charging Lids

          Oven  charging lids are typically circular cast  iron or steel  lids,
16 to 18 inches (40.6 to  45.7 centimeters) in diameter, and 1 to 3 inches
(2.5 to  7.6 centimeters)  thick.   Most charging lid-frame  assemblies  are
designed to seal via  a conical or tapered  (i.e. ,\~  / ), metal-to-metal
contact  of lid  against frame.  Some lids are designed to  seal through a
shouldered (i.e. .'-jUIIr3 ) metal-to-metal joint.  Both the charging lid and
the frame into which  the  lid seats may distort during service.   The distor-
tion of  the lid-frame system is a major factor contributing to the occurrence
of emissions from this component.   Also, both the lid and frame  seating
surfaces must be periodically cleaned in order to secure an emission-free
operation.   While coke-oven designers indicate that the charging-lid-frame
systems should,  if properly cleaned and maintained,  provide an effective seal

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against emissions,  most  plants  use  some  type  of  luting material or slurry to
seal the lids after charging.   Typically,  after  the  charging lid is replaced
in the charging hole,  coal and  coke dust lying on  the top of the oven are
swept to the vicinity  of the lid/frame surface  interface to  fill any gaps
which may exist.  After  filling the lid/frame region with carbonaceous
material, luting mud,  or slurry is  applied to the  lid/frame  interface on the
top of the oven.  On drying, the mud luting or slurry provides an effective
sealant.  Good operating practice dictates that  the  sealing material not be
applied to the metal-metal contact  area  below the  oven top surface.  The mud/
slurry used to seal the  charging lids should  be  inexpensive  and readily
available with a consistency which  can be easily applied to  achieve a seal.
It is also important that the dried material  break cleanly from the lid/frame
interface when the lid is removed for the next coal  charging.
           One  slurry used by a  coke-producing  plant to seal its charging
 lids consists  of a mixture of  (1)   clean-up materials, such as coke breeze
                                     /
 and old mud from the luting of  end-closure  doors,  (2)   clay from a local
 source, and (3)  water.  A typical batch of  this  slurry consists of
 one part clay, 2 parts breeze,  and  1.8 parts water, by weight.  Another
 slurry used to seal charging lids in the U.S.   consists of 40 percent lime
 (CaO), 55 percent alumina  (A^O-) and  5 percent  silica  (Si02) mixed with
 water.  There  are apparently a wide variety of slurry mixtures in use, some
 based on clays, some on silica  flour,  etc.
           The  use of a mud/slurry to obtain an effective seal does not
 alleviate the  need for good cleaning practice.   Many operators indicate that
 dirty lids  (i.e., those with a  carbonaceous deposit between lid and hole)
 are difficult  to seal via the application of the mud/slurry.  Lid cleaning
 is done every  coke cycle or on  a periodic,  regular basis.  Also, the lids
 may distort in service  due to the heating and  cooling.  As the lids become
 increasingly distorted, sealing becomes more difficult and the lids must
 be replaced eventually  to eliminate eimssions.
           Modern coal charging  systems frequently  contain  automatic  (magnetic)
 lid lifters which oscillate the lids (typically  through +  15° of the final
 position)  as part of the lid seating placement in  the  charge hole.  Such
 movement during seating should  improve the  sealing characteristics of  the
 lid.   It is estimated that the  lids are manually placed on more than 90
 percent of  all the U.S. coke ovens  (i.e., less than 10 percent are equipped

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with magnetic oscillatory lifters).  Thus, the oscillation during lid
seating is not yet a major factor relative to sealing performances in
today1s operations.
          With pipeline charging systems, the charging lids are replaced by
valves in the pipeline.  These valves are somewhat removed from the oven
top, thereby reducing the problems attendant to obtaining an emission-proof
seal.  Oven lids used in conjunction with the pipeline charging systems will
be used only for oven inspection, for decarbonizing the ovens and to vent
excessive pressures.  In pipeline charging systems, one lid is designed and
designated to serve as a safety valve to relieve excessive pressure which
may occur in the event of constrictions in the standpipe and/or reduced gas
removal from the oven.
          It is anticipated that less emissions will occur from oven lids
used with the pipeline charging systems.

 Chuck (Leveler) Door

           Chuck-door seals are similar to the  seals used on  the oven  end-
               *
 closure doors.   Typically, the seal is  a metal-to-metal seal  consisting
 of a plain carbon steel, or stainless steel rib or strip attached  to  the
 door, which is pressed against a flat surface  portion  of the end-closure
 door.  A representative cross-sectional  view of a chuck door  (and  end-
 closure door) seal system is shown  in Figure 3.  Just  as with  the  end-closure
 door seals, the chuck-door-sealing  strip design and dimensions, and the
 methods of applying loads to the sealing strips to effect  a  seal,  vary  x^rith
 the designer and builder of the door system.   In general,  leakage  of  chuck
 doors occurs as a result of the same factors and/or phenomena  which cause
 end-closure-door leakage.  Thus, chuck-door leakage may occur  because
 (1)  the chuck door—end-closure door are not  dimensionally  stable under
 the heating and cooling cycle(s) to which they are exposed,  (2)   tars and
 other carbonaceous materials may accumulate or deposit nonuniformly on the
 seating surface and cause high and  low contact points, thus  causing emissions,
 *  Current methods for sealing coke-oven end-closure doors are reviex^ed
    in Reference 4.

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                                                           PLAIN CARBON
                                                                OR
                                                              STAINLESS
                                                              STEEL SEAL
                                                              STRIP
                                              SLOT IN DOOR
                                              CASTING FOR
                                              SEAL STRIP
                                  COMPRESSION SPRING
LEVELLER
DOOR CASTING
               SECTION  THROUGH  OVEN  DOOR  AT  LEVELLER  DOOR
 FIGURE 3.   SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION OF CHUCK (LEVELER) DOOR
            SEALING SYSTEM

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and (3)  the chuck-door-seal elements may not be chemically  stable  (i.e.,
they may carbonize, oxidize, and/or sulfidize) in the  particular service
environment, thereby leading to pitting or other dimensional alterations,
which in turn promote leaking.
          For example, the sealing strip and its contact  surface may warp
and/or distort such that when one portion of the sealing  edge  is closed,
an adjacent strip region does not contact the surface  of  the end-closure door.
Many chuck doors are equipped with  compression springs and/or screws
designed to force the sealing strip against  the mating flat surface.   In
some cases it has been observed  that  the springs lose their spring character-
istics with time.  Others have observed that  the screws do not deflect the
strips to achieve a complete seal around the  chuck door perimeter.
          As with the general end-closure door  sealing problem, proper
maintenance and cleaning practices  (e.g., removal of the carbonaceous
deposits on the chuck door  contact  surfaces)  appear to reduce  the quantity
of emissions from this component.
          Chuck door design is an ongoing development.  Several companies
have suggested that the door-seal systems of  older design were too inflexible
to provide adequate sealing performance.  As  one example, Bloom Engineering
       *
Company  has promoted the retrofitting  of older, more rigid chuck-door
systems with their stress-relieved, more flexible, dome design leveler-
door unit made of 400-series  stainless  steel.   The basic seal  element of
the Bloom chuck-door system is the  metal-to-metal contact seal as shown in
Figure 4.
          Little quantitative data  are  available with which to judge the
performance of one type of  door  or  seal system relative  to  another under
controlled conditions.
          When the metal-to-metal contact seal of the chuck door becomes
ineffective as a result of  distortion of excessive carbonaceous deposits
on the sealing surface, some  operators  resort to luting  the door or applying
gaskets to effect a seal.   Luting materials  are made  of  the same mixtures of
materials as used for the charging  lid  slurries, but  with less water.   The
   Bloom Engineering Company,  Inc.,  Horning  and  Carry  Roads,  Pittsburgh,
   Pennsylvania  15236

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  Latching Mechanism
   (Closed Position)
                                                                            * X *   ^ ~ N
                                                                            \\\\ \\ \
                                                                            \  , V V N. V N
                                                          eveller Door Seat
                                                        •Leveller Door
                                                        rPusher Door
                                                             \N x \
                                                         \\ \ xN \  s -
                                         00 SERIES
                                         STAINLESS
                                          STEEL
                                           DOME
                                                   /A\\^X \ V^ VVX
                                                   / A VN. s \N \ vN  \ _!
                                                                           N\NN X \X?,
                              Pusher Door Frame
                             Oven Buck Stay
Latching Mechanism
 (Open Position)
<
 \/
             FIGURE 4.  SCHEMATIC  ILLUSTRATION OF A BLOOM ENGINEERING CO.
                        LEVELER AND PUSHER DOOR ASSEMBLY(8>

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                                    11
luting material is either applied to the flat contact surface of  the  end-
closure door so that the sealing edge becomes encased in the luting or  the
material is troweled or laid along the outside of the chuck door,  end-
closure contact line.  As with the slurry used to seal the charging lids,
the luting material should be inexpensive, readily available, and should be
easily removed/cleaned, from the door on opening.
           Some companies employ gaskets as a method of sealing chuck doors
which do not "self-seal".   EPA is currently sponsoring a study on the  use
of gaskets on coke-oven chuck doors.*  The data on chuck-door gasket usage
presented herein, are taken largly from information supplied by TRC—
The Research Corporation.   The preliminary general results of the TRC  study
are:
          "(1)  Gaskets are usually employed as a temporary measure
                until the chuck door can be repaired.
           (2)  Chuck door design and state of repair are equally as
                important as gasket use for minimizing visible emissions.
           (3)  Gaskets in use include:
                (a)  Cardboard
                (b)  Tarpaper
                               Aft
                (c)  Esscolator
                              AAA
                (d)  Fiberfrax
           (4)  Gasket use has been limited, but when they have been  used,
                                        AAAA
                the manufactured gaskets     have been generally, successful
                as a temporary control measure".
    *   Chuck Door Gasket  Study,  EPA Contract No.  68-01-3154 to TRC -
       The  Research Corporation  of New England,  125 Silas Deane Highway,
       Wethersfield,  Connecticut  06109,  Mr. Joe Hopkins, EPA
   **   Esscolator Gaskets are a  lamination of steel foil and compressible
       refractory paper produced and marketed by Essolator Mfg. Co.,
       727  Pennsylvania Avenue,  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania  15221
 ***   Trademark, The Carborundum Company
A*A*   Items (c)   and (d)  of statement (3) above.

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                                    12
          The general conclusion from TRC's  initial survey is that gaskets
have not been used extensively by the industry and therefore experience
with gaskets is limited.   Chuck door  design  and preventative maintenance are
considered better approaches than gaskets  to the visible emission problem.

 Standpipe Elbow Covers

                             (2 5)
           Several references  '  ,  and personnel of  companies  contacted
 during this study, indicated that emissions/leakage  from standpipe  elbow
 covers is common in many plants.  The leakage from standpipe elbow  covers  is
 generally attributed to (1)  improper cover positioning,  (2)   failure to
 properly clean the cover-seating areas, or (3)   distortion  of  the cover/seat
 system.  The elbow cover is designed to seat against the metal standpipe
 proper.  Thus, the sealing mechanism is by a metal-to-metal contact seal.   The
 design of the seal varies from designer to designer, with some being simply
 a flat surface on the elbow cover mating  to a flat  surface on the  standpipe,
 while others use a tapered or conical metal-to-metal seat,  and yet  others  using
 a shouldered seat.  In general, oven designers  indicate that such seals will
 not leak or allow emissions if they  are properly cleaned and maintained.   As
 with the charging lids,  and chuck doors,  when a standpipe elbow cover does
 become a noticeable source of emissions,  operators will effect a seal by the
 application of a luting  material, a  slurry, or  a gasket.  The  same  or similar
 luting muds, slurries, or gaskets used to seal  the charging lids and chuck
 doors are also utilized  on the standpipe elbow  covers.
           While operators recognize  that standpipe cover leakage may be a
 rather common occurrence,  most operators contacted during this survey felt
 that cover leakage need  not be a significant emission source  if the cover
 were seated properly and/or the cover-standpipe contact area were cleaned
 prior to replacement of  the cover.

                                 Summary

           The seals associated with  coke-oven charging lids,  chuck doors, and
 standpipe elbow covers are all metal-to-metal contact seals.   The charging
 lids  and  standpipe elbow covers are  typically flat,  tapered,  or shouldered

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                                     13
surface contacts, whereas the chuck door seals are similar to the end-
closure door seals, i.e., metal strips pressed against a flat metal surface.
Oven designers indicate that all three components should provide an emission-
proof seal, if properly cleaned and maintained.  Most coke-plant operators
augment the inherent seal of these components with luting mud, slurries,
and/or gaskets.

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                                    14
                               REFERENCES
(1)  Final Technological Report on "A Systems Analysis Study of the
     Integrated Iron and Steel Industry", prepared for Division of
     Process Control Engineering, National Air Pollution Control Administration,
     Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, by Battelle Memorial
     Institute (Contract No. PH  22-68-65), May 15, 1969.

(2)  Edgar, W. and Muller, J., "The Status of Coke Oven Pollutidn Control",
     Ironmaking Proceedings, AIME, 32, 1973, pp 76-84.

(3)  Roe, E., "Coke Oven Emission Control Systems". Ironmaking Proceedings,
     AIME, J}4, 1975, pp 229-234.

(4)  Final Report on "A Study of Concepts for Minimizing Emissions from
     Coke-Oven Door Seals", prepared for the U. W. Environmental Protection
     Agency, and American Iron and Steel Institute, by Battelle's Columbus
     Laboratories, (Contract No. 68-02-1439), March 26, 1975.
                                   ^
(5)  Voelker,  F.  C., "A Contemporary Survey of Coke-Oven Air Emissions
     Abatement",  Iron and Steel Engineer, Vol. 52, No. 2, February, 1975.

(6)  The Making,  Shaping and Treating of Steel, Ninth Edition, Edited by
     H.  E. McGannon, United States Steel, 1971.

(7)  Muller, J. M. et al., "Gary Coke-Oven Door Development Program",
     Paper presented at the Joint Meeting of the Eastern and Western States
     Blast Furnace and Coke Oven Association, on October 25, 1974.

(8)  Bulletin  C-2790, Bloom Engineering Company, Inc., Horning and Carry Roads,
     Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania 15236

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                         	15	

                                 TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                          (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/2-77-058
                           2.
                                                      3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
     AND SUBTITLE Sealing Coke-oven Charging Lids,
Chuck Doors, and Standpipe Elbow Covers: Survey
Current U.S.  State of the Art
                                                  of
                                                       5. REPORT DATE
                                                        February 1977
                                                       6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)

 C.E.  Mobley, A.O. Hoffman, and H.W. Lownie
                                                      8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Battelie-Columbus Laboratories
 505 King Avenue
 Columbus, Ohio  43201
                                                      10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                       1AB015;  ROAP 21AQR-042
                                                      11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                       68-02-1323, Task 58
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 EPA, Office of Research and Development
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                                                      13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                       Task Final;  10/76	
                                                      14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                       EPA/600/13
 is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESIERL-RTP task officer for this report is R.  McCrillis,  Mail Drop
 62, 919/549-8411 Ext 2557.
 is.ABSTRACT The report gives results of 2i survey of the current U.S. state-of-the-art
 approach and methodology for sealing coke-oven charging lids,  chuck doors,  and
 standpipe elbow covers.  The study was part of the program, 'Technical Support for
 U. S. /USSR Task Force on Abatement of Air Pollution from the  Iron and Steel Indus-
 try. '  The survey concluded that:  (1) seals associated with coke-oven charging lids,
 chuck doors, and standpipe elbow covers are all metal-to-metal contact; (2) charging
 lids and standpipe elbow covers are typically flat, tapered, or shouldered surface
 contacts, but chuck-door seals are similar to  end-closure door seals (i.e. ,  metal
 strips pressed against a flat metal surface); (3) oven designers  indicate that all three
 components should provide an emission-proof seal, if properly cleaned and maintained
 and (4) U.S. coke plant operations augment the inherent seal of these  components with
 luting mud, slurries, and/or gaskets.  The study did not develop data relating the
 extent and type of emissions  from these components.
 17.
                              KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                           b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                     COS AT I Field/Group
 Air Pollution
 Iron and Steel Industry
 Sealing
 Coking
 Ovens
                                           Air Pollution Control
                                           Stationary Sources
                                           Coke Ovens
                                           Charging Lids
                                           Chuck Doors
                                           Standpipe Elbow Covers
13B
11F
13 H

13A
 3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 Unlimited
                                          19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReportf
                                          Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
     18
                                          20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                          Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)

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