-------
Hydrocarbon Results
Test:!P~lcWtf(/?!*«• a*HA- / / I *9 Tiin^'
: vJOOA K \tf £ f ' L»eitc. \O I • ( i J.UKS .
Carbon Monoxide: O/373
Methane:
Total Hydrocarbons, as 014: D. , 11 *i ppm
-69-
-------
NO EMISSION DATA
A
Date.
Run No.
Time
ug N02
T.- Initial Flask Temp, °F
i
TJT- Final Flask Temp, °F
Vf - Flask Volume, ml.
P.- Initial Flask Pres, "Ha
PJ-- Final Flask Pres "Ha
Ib/scf N02 X/0~S
lb/106Btu N02
/
1 210
IZ10
fa
i u
&r\
fo
2oHj
3s+
,o
21,<+
1,s-
O/4V
2
13/0
1500
lotf
£,J>
0,15
2>
1120
//£o
ZOtf
H.I
0,S%
y
HIS
1310
2o?8
V,7
O.(ol
6
He 10
'f SO
202*
-------
NO EMISSION DATA
A
Date.
6/g
Run No.
Time
yg N02
T.- Initial Flask Temp, °F
Tr-- Final Flask Temo. F
Vf - Flask Volume, ml.
P.- Initial Flask Pres, "Hg
P Final Flacl/ Dvoc "Hn '
i-f rinal rlaSK rres, ny . .-., ,
Ib/scf N02 '. x/0^
,lb/106Btu N02
/
llco
U$6
io
*to
ZWI
'3,0
24, b
^V
O,(fl
^
IW
;j io
2oj^
V»«
0,(&
3
U3o
"116
~± ...
20J?
3.3-
Ml
••••••••••••••
Y
/JJS
72/0
:^:_. ••....
?o#
'V,3
a
-------
H2S04 MIST and S02 EMISSION' DATA
*
Date
Run No.
Vmc-Meter Volume, Ft3
Vmstd-Meter Volume, Std. Cond.
Pg-Barometric Pressure, "Hg
AH-Avg. Orifice Pres. Drop, "^0
VfVol . of Titrant, ml.
Vtb-Vol. of Titrant for Blank, ml.
Vsoln-Vo1- of Solution, ml.
V -Vol. of Aliquot, Titrated, ml.
a
lb/scf H2S04 X/&"**
lb/10° Btu H2S04
Ib-scf S02 X/O~^
lb/106 Btu S02
Ut(t>
/
1.<*K
7*537
If-bl
0.(
S.<1
*;/
lOO
13
3.1
O.oS
(+k(*
1
l.W
7,S37
n.&£
«11
ICO
Z£
3,f
O&$
(*/H
in
*
mu
30. /
»;/
230
/,£
3,72
5,27
Vmstd = 0.0334 (Vm) /PB + AH
pr- \ 1V C
Lrm \ lO.O
CH2S04
CFm ~ Meter correction factor
/1.08 x 10'4 lb-1 \ (Vt - Vtb) (JD
\ g-ml /
Vmstd
\
Ib/scf N.* 0-01 Normal
Barium
Perch!orate
CS02 =(
\
=7.05 x 10"5
g-ml
(Vt-Vtb) (N, (^),WKf
Vmstd
-72-
-------
HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS
TEST: IP Wood River #4 DATE: 6/26 TIME: 1400
COMPOUND CONCENTRATION (ppm)
Ethane
Propane
1 - Butene
n - Butane
iso - Pentane
2 - Pentene
Hexene
Hexane
dimethyl
CIS,
1 -
n -
3,3
2,4 dimethyl
1 - Pentene
Pentane + Benzene
1 - Heptene
n - Heptane
Toluene
Ethyl Benzene
meta-, para-, xylene
orthoxylene
0.074
0.043
0.015
0.018
0.018
0.016
0.046
0.117
0.029
0.068
0.040
0.016
0.065
0.113
0.394
0.087
C 's
C7'S
cs's
0.043
0.052
0.143
0.308
0.185
0.622
-73-
-------
APPENDIX B
FIELD DATA
-74-
-------
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESS & EMISSION DATA FOR POWER PLANTS
Test number
Net Unit Load - MW
Boiler
Boiler
Heat Rate - BTU/KW hr.
Heat Input - 106 BTU/hr.
Emission Level - lb./106 BTU
Particulates
so2
K°x
Fuel Heating Value - BTU/lb.
Fuel Burning Rate During Test - Ib./hr.
Fuel Ash Content - %
Additive Rate - Ib/hr.
6/77
532.1
/03O
Mu/CF
S7S,
iP*CF/kr
&//#
43-
13, $n
sn*t
/030
S+u/CF
sreoj
tO*Cf/kr
(e/tf
5/3, y
1 ^SZb
(a\ GPM
6/?0*
S/J> ^
*Aj
-75-
-------
ORSAT FIELD DATA
T.nr.iMnr, J- {£.. /Q !//£/?- Bel LEft /
Date
Tim*
Operator
Test
£-/7
6-/S
(CO )
Reading 1
/• S J0
73 °/c
(0)
Reading 2
9.3 <£
#./<
Comments :
(CO)
Reading 3
0.0 °/>
c.c /
(5 /C.6
O
1.7
l.CS
-- 39. 5
/9. 7 3
-------
ORSAT FIELD DATA
Date
Time
Cornnents :
. I Go/LZR
Operator
DAT&
£-/?. 75
£.20. 75
a*'-
£-/
«
r\a
Test
// 10 firs.
/(.Cohr*.
lldohrs.
/3CG f)rs.
£L\/
-------
oo
I
Plant IP WOOD RIVER
Run No.
1
Location 1 BOILED
Date <^.
./$
Operator
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
Meter A
C Factor
Point
/-<£
/-£
/- 4
/-J
/- 2
-?-/
3. 3
•?-<•/
3-5
3-C.
-
H@ /. 0 ?3
Clock
/?-'o^
/S-'/y
/3:/ ' /tff
P
P
A
Pitot
in H20
AP
o. ys
A. 75
0.9
0.?
0^7*
Qf/±
?
r
.35
Of 9
/. 3
^ /
• O.9 :
" '
Orifice AH
in H20
Desired
O.C
/, O
/. %
/. 3
/. 0
G.6
/.3
'.3
AC5
/.£
rt \y
Actual
0.6
/. 0
/'•?
/.^
/.o
' •(
0f£
/.J
/.£
/' 5
/•<$
/, 3
Impinger
°F Temp.
Inlet
/S£
330
330
330
3^*5
350
2/0
380
38o
38Q
385
380
Outlet
80
70
CS
65
C5
7Q
9o
70
70
75
ffo
85
Pump
Vacuum
In. Hg.
Gauge
S.5
8.5
//, o
//, 0
9.5
V.5
/3.S
/5
/5
/1 5
Temp °F
tar. Press. "Hg
Assumed Mo is tun
[eater Box Sett:
'robe Tip Dia.,
robe Length /
£S- 9o
3 % /«5
Lng °F (
-------
Ho. i
Point
v?- /
3- 2
dm? " t 7
c3- V
i^r ~ t^
<3-£
Q-ff
Clock
Time
^?-'«5^
«3:c /
<3:oV
.3:07
^:/o
<3: A3
v? : /<£
.
Dry Gas
Meter; CF
/5^.93
/£
-------
Plant TP Hfef»/) ff/l/£ff
Run No.
2
Location j£ / $/f~
Date £
-/?
Operator
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
i
00
o
Meter A
C Factor
Point
/-/
A •?
y. 3
/- .£
/7.5
/7.5
/7.S
J
/7f£
/7.5
/7.5
/7
Temp °F
tar. Press. "Hg
issumed Moistur
(eater Box Sett
'robe Tip Dia.,
'robe Length /
7c°S
3 % /&?0
ing °F <32£€. $
In. /*///)
O rt •
'robe Heater Setting */ 38c ^3d
ivg. AP Avg. AH
Box
Temp
op
«J?o
33o
31/0
»35o
355
*3Vo
&M~
*3£5
*3i5£
*3CO
Probe
Temp
op
3
3%£
385
3X5
37 o
37o
370
3. 70
•C \A %*f
. c
cc
-------
R
un
ct
Point
<3- /
3- 3
3- y
3-5
3-6
erf*
I
*/-/
^S ^
'*5y
3 '-£7
«-?• GO
^/' fj^
/7
Box
Temp
op
355
360
3£6
3(.0
3C5
<3(*5
335
330
335
oV0
345
35O
<3yb
3V5
<3£Q
35o
<355
3C5
Probe '
Temp
op
-?Vo
395
3/5
335
33C
330
370
380
39o
<3G<5
i3c£
•33o
375
330
<33o
330
Stack
Press
In.Hg
Stack
Temp
op
370
37o
3SO
3%o
2CO
35C>
380
<39o
390
3fO
390
390
395
395
395
39 £
\
cr //O %
i
00
°f
Comments
-------
R
Point
Clock
Time
Dry Gas
Meter, CF
Pitot
In.H20
A P
Desired Actual
Orifice 4 H
In.H20
Impinger °F
Temp
Inlet
Outlet
Pump
Vacuum
In.Hg
Gauge
Box
Temp
op
Probe
Temp
oF
Stack
Press.
In. Hg
Stack
Temp
oF
JLL
/9£
393
0.8
3.3
380
376
365
.
380
7-3
€>.•/
0.5S
385
7-3
00
ro
7.5
*<*''.78
0.7
285
/o
off
7 /~7o<
f
c-ff
Comments
± •' O'^v 7)C.
-------
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET
Date:
hs
Run Number:
Operator: _
Sample Box No.
Plant: IP - WpoD R \ vcff
Location Of Sample Port: * I Bailer
Barometric Pressure: 29. ^
Ambient Temperature _ ^0 p
U » f/4.
Impinger H20
Volume After Sampling JO I ml
Impinger Prefilled With 2 DO ml
Volume Collected ( ml
Silica Gel
Weight After 373,2
Weight Before
; /
Moisture Weight 20* I g Moisture Total / £*/..•/ g
Dry Probe and Cyclone Catch:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results
Probe, Cyclone, Flask
And Front Of Filter
Acetone Wash:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results Q,
Filter Papers and Dry Filter Particulate
Filter No. Container No. Filter No. Container No.
Filter Particulate
Weight O* 0/V^ g
Total Particulate
Weight &,OAf 7 g
% Moisture By Volume V - O.O33Y
~~ 76.057
V
-83-
-------
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
Date
Plant
Sample Collected By
Run No.
Power Stat Setting
- B
Field Data
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume of flask less correction (ml)
Pressure before sampling in. Hg.
Pressure after sampling, in. Hg.
Flask temperature, F
6 //?
l*U*k
1
W7
30
Z?.7
90
_
2
2038
3.0
29,7
10
m
3
2031
3.0
#<7
10
-
4
£0*8
3.0
&7
?o
v* f /«
//30
/
wn
3.0
tf.l
10
I2DC
^
2039
3.0
11.7
10
HOQ
•;-.£
2C3f
3.0
».'7
10
H3&
y
f
*i^ •>
•<7' /
*?<9
-84-
-------
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
Date 5s£
Plant XP "
/
Sample Collected *y
Run No.
0»
Power Stat Setting
Field Data
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume of flask less correction (ml)
Pressure before sampling in. Hg.
Pressure after sampling, in. Hg.
Flask temperature, F
teoo
i
QDW
3,0
ft. 7
to
/330
2
203?
3»O
*1>?
3D
I3oo
3
.203?
3,0
Xj,7
1°
UJto
y
ao*8
3,0
A1.7
10 \
1160
S
^OJS
4,0
af/7
^
ISOG
&
30S±
2-.0
31,7
iO
\'/-S3d
•7
ADSJ
3,0
W,7
io
Ikes
^
?03&
-"i
O»- *- • ;
2c~f. 7
rc i
-85-
-------
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
Date
Plant
IP '
Sample Collected By.
Run No.
Power Stat Setting
Field Data
*
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume of flask less correction (f"l)
Pressure before sampling in. Hg.
Pressure after sampling, in. Hg.
Flask temperature, F
MS
1
i&n
3.0
3*?.?
ft
/3&
1
lto#
3.0
2.^7
^
1230
3
&*$
3,0
2% 7
go
ites
f
2CM
3.0
J1.7
90
•
-86-
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For Su/furic MlS"f J SO,
Date <£. 3 o - 7*5"
Location & /
Plant
Bar. Pressure
Ambient Temp
Run No /
"Hg Comments :
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes
Operator
& <3/<5
No
cL
Clock
Time
Meter
(Ft.3)
Pitot
in. H20
P
Orifice
in H20
H
Temperatures
Stack
Probe
Coil
Impinger
In Out
- 747
C,7
G.I
73
G.7
0.1
3/0°f
3
267S5
0.7
G.I
3c°?
F
o,7
oJ
73 °c
81
3CC./Q
£51
Comments:
-87-
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For
Date &. 30
MlSJ*
Plant WeiAfL /?/VdV
Bar. Pressure 39, 8 */ "Hg
Location
/ j(3/r.
Comments :
Ambient Temp
Run No
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes
Operator .
No
-So •?
not:
•> & cd.
Clock
Time
/'.c7
/:/!
/'/I
A'W
/'?7
/-•^
/-J7
Meter
(Ft.3)
«/. ^<5
^
-------
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESS & EMISSION DATA FOR POWER PLANTS
Test nuaiber
Net Unit Load - MW
Boiler
Boiler
Heat Rate - BTU/KW hr.
Heat Input - 10 BTU/hr.
Emission Level - Ib . /10 BTU
Particulates
so2
»°x
Fuel Heating Valve - BTU/lb.
Fuel Burning Rate During Test - Ib./hr.
Fuel Ash Content - %
Additive Rate - Ib/hr.
£/2S
100
KS.O
101 5(*
86000
6/A6
too
1Z5.0
I01S&
§600 o
(*kl
/CO
925>G
IG7$(*
8(eQOG
, \
\
-89-
-------
ORSAT FIELD DATA
2 ~ LL P<) W £ ft C Q .
DAT/E.
- It. 75
. 37. 76
Date
Time
Operator
COEffietltS :
/Vo.
Test
/_3rs.
/345/>fS.
/S3S/H-3.
/0<3G /irS.
(CO )
Reading 1
/^5/
/J.^
/t.l
/S.3
(0 )
Reading 2
31.8/£.tf
/9.0/S.t
l/.L/Sd
30.8 /S. 5
/
(CO)
Reading 3
33-3
/9.o
3/.C
3o.8
./*
-------
Plant
Run No. /
Location
Date £ - 33. 7S
Operator
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of each
test point.
Ambient Temp °F
Bar. Press. "Hg 3?. C3
Assumed Moisture % &
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
Heater Box Setting °F
Probe Tip Dia., In.
Probe Length /Q
Meter A H@ /.p 33
C Factor
. C,
Probe Heater Setting _
Avg . A P . O<5 Avg . A H
Point
/
.3
3
.
2?3:
-------
R
un
ro
Point
/8
/7
'{
/£
/
-------
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET
Date:
Run Number:
Operator: _
Sample Box No.
Plant: ! F* WOOD
Location Of Sample Port: **•*/. &o'det SlU8,S ml
Silica Gel
Weight After
Weight Before
« | g
Moisture Weight 28(e5l g
Total Particulate
Weight Q. 10&"? g
% Moisture By Volume
-93-
-------
Plant ,/4/tf 7
a.o7
0.0S
f>'.a£
o.oS
Orifice AH
in H20
Desired
o.7£
/.25
/- 7-5
/. 75
/. 7.5
/>7S
/.3£
/.3£
/.3£
Actual
0.75
/.3S
/.73
/. 75
/Z5
/,7£
/•IS
/,*£
/.3f
Impinger
°F Temp.
Inlet
330
•?/«£
365
380
3?Q
3Z5
395
W
390
Outlet
CS
£3
ts
*?
ti
$
fr
7o
7/
Pump
Vacuum
In. Hg.
Gauge
¥
£
1
?
?
?
C
£
4
Box
Temp
0F
330
Jlc
,330
<34o(5)
3
-------
R
Point
7
7
\&
tj
y
3
3
/
Clock
Time
Dry Gas
Meter, CF
* a
o.oC
o.o C
0.0*1*
Orifice A H
In. H20
Desired
/.S
/,s
/.S
/.S
AS
/.S
/.£
/.o
Actual
/,£
/.S
/,£
/.S
/.S
/•o
Impinger °F
Temp
Inlet
/85
38o
38/
?£S-
3So
3££
3Co
3S£
•
Outlet
75
7/
7o
7/
7S
7o
AS
xs
Pump
Vacuum
In HP
J.11, -lig
Gauge
ff.S
AS
8.5
as
9.0
9.0
9.0
7.0
Box
Temp
op
,3/5(3]
<3¥o
380 '
•jys
JUS
Probe"
Temp
op
/7o
3fS (7)
364 (S)
*SS(7)
^«3«5 LCt j
JaS
3/Q
Stack
Press
In. Hg
'•
Stack
Temp
0F
t33Q
J2S
<33O
<33 o
330
33.C
33o
^??«5"
•
i
<£>
en
Comments
e.fi
o°o
-------
PARTICUIATE CLEANUP SHEET
Date:
Run Number:
Operator:
Sample Box No.
Plant: \ P
*
Location Of Sample Port:
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature
Impinger H20
Volume After Sampling
Impinger Prefilled With ^QQ ml
Volume Collected fS 8- ml
Silica Gel
Weight After
g
Weight Before SOO-0 g
Moisture Weight 3g, /g Moisture Total
Dry Probe and Cyclone Catch:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results
Probe, Cyclone, Flask
And Front Of Filter
Acetone Wash:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results 0,03/5 g
Filter Papers and Dry Filter Particulate
Filter No. Container No. Filter No. Container No.
Filter Particulate
Weight Q,Q3 73 g
Total Particulate
Weight 0,0581 g
% Moisture By Volume
-96-
-------
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
Date
Plant
IP WOOD
Sample Collected By
Run No.
Power Stat Setting
Field Data
BO
ILE&
Q. ft /gin
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume of flask less correction (ml)
Pressure before sampling in. Hg.
Pressure after sampling, in. Hg.
Flask temperature, F
MO
1
Wll
.3,0
39.6.
1C
13)0
Z
ao3§
—
--••
— -..
wo
3
*G3y
—
....
MIS
f
AMg
/6/o
S
yeas
Me.
6
2O5i
We
.-*>
JflsS'V
•- . .
/7/L"
;^
20ST?
,
.
'
-97-
-------
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
Date
Plant r?-Ue?Ofc
r Boiu£R Mp- V,
Sample Collected *y Q. KleJv\
Run No. . _ ___
Power Stat Setting
Field Data
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume of flask less correction (ml)
Pressure before sampling in. Hg.
Pressure after sampling, in. Hg.
Flask temperature, F
I'lOO
1
2&il
3.0
2
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For
Date £
Location
Plant Wood. ff/VCf'
Bar. Pressure «?ff C 2 "Hg Comments :
Ambient Temp ?Q _ °F
verse, fo i
Run No /
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes
Operator
NO
£/>&
Clock
Time
O
S
/G
/s
30
36
<3o
Meter
(Ft.3)
¥78. c ¥6
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
/.
Material Sampled For
Date &- 37
/ 6o
Plant lA/asxT, /7/VC.f Location _
Bar. Pressure 3% £<>/7 "Hg Comments:
Ambient Temp
Run No /
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes _
Operator
No
Clock
Time
O
^
/O
/S
3o
35
Jo
Meter
(Ft.3)
&>C
tn/zt
-100-
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For <$' ' Q ^
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes
Operator
No
Clock
Time
O
s
/o
/£
3o
3S
30
Meter
(Ft.3)
v^j. ice
*s?^. y
vrs. 7
V?8./
./
O./
0. /
O./
0. /
Temperatures
Stack
315
<3D5
32S
333
<33Q
'robe
3/4tff
310
310
338
Z&(7]
Coil
°C
7/t
°c
jj.f
#y°c
f/^
Sc°c
Impinger
In
ffc'F
tlfi
/<&
/JJ°f
/3o°f
':
Out
85'°f
fo °F
78 °f
78 *f
!
$G°F
Comments:
-101-
-------
Plant Wend
Run No. /
Location
Date ..£.37
Operator
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of each
test point.
Ambient Temp °F 7*O
Bar. Press. "Hg
Assumed Moisture % O
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
Meter A H@ /, Q 3D
C Factor
Heater Box Setting °F
Probe Tip Dia., In. _
Probe Length .
Probe Heater Setting
Avg.AP
Point
^
Clock
/:o£
/ : /S
/•'3S
/ 3£
/•'"
7o
7o
70
70
73
Pump
Vacuum
In. Hg.
Gauge
C
&
(c
£
6
C,
Box
Temp
0F
/<£J"
38£
3oc
370
372
376
Stack
Temp
oF
.
Stack
Press.
In. Hg
-
Stack
Temp.
op
a.SSO/--'{
&ys
o
no
-------
o
CO
I
Plant
Run No.
Locat ion ~
Date
Operator
•>sr> _
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of each
test point.
Ambient Temp °F
Bar. Press. "Hg
Assumed Moisture % 9
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
Meter A H(f /,_
C Factor
Heater Box Setting °F
Probe Tip Dia., In. _
Probe Length
Probe Heater Setting _
Avg.AP Avg.AH
Point
JT
\
Clock
3:/8
3:38
3:3$
J?;ytf
21 5%
<3:oB
<3-/8
Dry Gas
Meter, CF
^V«5". 850
J-SJ. £
333
...
Stack
Temp
oF
Stack
Press.
In. Hg
Stack
Temp.
oF
ee~Ss>Jrr<
&s*
-------
SOURCE TEST REPORT
HIGHLAND POWER & LIGHT
HIGHLAND, ILLINOIS
BOILER NO. 3
JULY, 1975
Tested by: Rockwell International
R.W. Griscom
O.C. Klein
F.E. Littman
-104-
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1.0 SUMMARY ,108
2.0 INTRODUCTION • : ' log
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION ; 110
4.0 SOURCE TEST DESCRIPTION '' m
5.0 PROCESS OPERATION 113
6.0 DISCUSSION 114
7.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 115
7.1 PARTICULATE MATTER 115
7.2 NITROGEN OXIDE 117
7.3 SULFURIC ACID MIST AND SULFUR DIOXIDE 117
7.4 PARTICLE SIZE 119
8.0 RESULTS 121
APPENDIX A: PARTICULATE CALCULATIONS 130
APPENDIX B: FIELD DATA 141
-105-
-------
TABLES
PAGE
TABLE 1 BOILER 3/SUMMARY OF RESULTS 122
TABLE 2 COMPARISON OF RESULTS 123
TABLE 3 PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION/TEST NO; 1 124
TABLE 4 PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION/TEST NO. 3 125
-106-
-------
FIGURES
PAGE
FIGURE 1 POSITIONING OF UNI-STRUTS TO CARRY EPA EQUIPMENT 111
FIGURE 2 GAS ANALYSIS AND PROBE ADJUSTMENT BY OPERATOR IN
CHERRY PICKER BUCKET 111
FIGURE 3 DETAIL SHOWING UNI-STRUTS AT 90° PLACEMENT ON STACK
OPERATOR ADJUSTS PITOT POSITION 112
FIGURE 4 PARTICULATE SAMPLING TRAIN 116
FIGURE 5 SULFURIC ACID MIST SAMPLING TRAIN 118
FIGURE 6 ANDERSEN STACK SAMPLER 120
FIGURE 7 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION/BOILER NO. 3 126
FIGURE 8 TOTAL PARTICULATE FILTER 127
FIGURE 9 SMALL CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES AND SULFATES FROM STAGE
5 OF ANDERSEN IMPACTOR 128
FIGURE 10 CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES AND SULFATES FROM STAGE 6 OF
ANDERSEN IMPACTORS 128
FIGURE 11 ANDERSEN IMPACTOR BACK-UP FILTER 129
FIGURE 12 CYCLONE COLLECT 129
-107-
-------
1.0 SUMMARY
In conjunction with the RAPS project, a limited stack testing program is
being conducted. This report details the results obtained on boiler No. 3 at
the Highland Power and Light Co. in Highland, Illinois.
The stack testing included the following pollutants: SOg, particulates,
NOw, and HgSO,. Orsat analysis for COg. CO, and 0^ were also performed. De-
tailed results are included in this report. Although these tests were not con-
ducted to ascertain compliance with Illinois standards, it is of interest that
the particulate emissions are within limits while the S02 emissions are not.
We acknowledge and appreciate the excellent cooperation we obtained from
the officials of the power company and the City of Highland.
-108-
-------
2.0 INTRODUCTION
The current stack testing program is being conducted in conjunction with
the emission inventory work for the St. Louis RAPS project. The emission in-
ventory is being compiled using published emission factors. The stack testing
is being conducted to evaluate the emission factors and to gather information
for additional emission factors.
This stack test was conducted at the Highland Power and Light Co. in
.Highland, Illinois. Testing was performed on boiler No. 3 during the week of
14 July 1975.
Boiler No. 3 is a coal fired, 75,000 pounds per hour steam generating unit.
There are no emission controls on this unit. This boiler was sampled for total
particulates, particle size, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid mist,
carbon dioxide, and oxygen.
-109-
-------
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Boiler No. 3 was built by Union Iron Works and installed in 1959. It
is equipped with a traveling grate stoker which is gravity fed. The econo-
mizer has not been used for 10 years. The boiler was originally rated at
75,000 pounds per hour steam, however, present operating capacity is approx-
imately 60,000 pounds per hour. Steam pressure is maintained at approximately
610 psi. Boiler No. 3 is an induced draft unit and has no stack emission con-
trols. The stack is of steel construction, 90 feet tall and 5 feet inside
diameter.
-110-
-------
4.0 SOURCE TEST DESCRIPTION
Boiler No. 3 was tested in the stack, approximately 35 feet above the
ground. The City of Highland provided the use of a "cherry picker" for the
period of testing. The testing arrangement is illustrated in Figure 1, 2
and 3.
FIGURE 1
POSITIONING OF
UNI-STRUTS TO
CARRY THE EPA
EQUIPMENT
ANALYSIS
AND PROBE
ADJUSTMENT
BY OPERATOR
IN CHERRY
PICKER BUCKET
-111-
-------
FIGURE 3
DETAIL SHOWING UNI-STRUTS AT 90 DEGREE PLACEMENT ON STACK.
OPERATOR ADJUSTS PITOT POSITION.
The No. 3 stack is 5.0 feet inside diameter and approximately 90 feet tall,
This sampling point is approximately 5 diameters from the flue gas inlet. In
accordance with the EPA Standard Method 1, fourteen samolinq points were chosen
on each of two perpendicular diameters. Two, 3 inch couplings were installed
on the stack for use as sampling ports.
-112-
-------
5.0 PROCESS OPERATION
Boiler No. 3 was tested 14 July to 16 July. During this testing period,
the load on the boiler remained fairly constant since this boiler drives a
turbine which provides the baseline electrical generation for the plant. Gen-
erator output was generally between 4000 and 4300 KW. There was no visible
change in emissions during testing. Ashes were pulled almost every hour. Dur-
ing these periods visible emissions didn't change, but the flow rate in the
stack increased.
-113-
-------
6.0 DISCUSSION
A problem exists about the use of EPA Standard Method 2, Volumetric Flow
Rate Determination. On boiler No. 3 the flow rate determined by method 2 is
23101.2 SCFM compared to a flow rate determined stoichiometrically from the
fuel rate and fuel composition of 15182 SCFM. At this sampling point this should
have been a good check of method 2, since it was a reasonable distance downstream,
5 diameters, and two complete, perpendicular traverses were made.
The flow rate determined stoichiometrically compares very well with the
expected flow as seen by a comparison of sulfur dioxide emissions using both
flow rates. Using the published emission factor of 38S, which allows for a
95% conversion of sulfur in the coal to sulfur dioxide emission, the emissions
would be 413.87 Ib/hr. With the flow rate using method 2 the emissions would
be 658.4 Ib/hr, which is definitely too great. With the stoichiometric flow
rate the emissions would be 432.6 Ib/hr, which is a reasonable result. For
this reason the emission determined using the stoichiometric flow rate are
reasoned to be the correct results.
To determine the amount of coal consumed, the generator output and a ratio
of kw to pounds of coal were used to calculate coal consumption. The ratio used
was based on operating records for the previous month. Using the current ratio
of 1.6, the average fuel consumption for 15 July was 6702.4 Ib/hr.
During testing for particle size, the first run was with the Andersen im-
pactor in the stack while the other two were run with the impactor in the oven.
For this test, a problem existed which forced the use of an unheated probe. With
the impactor in the stack this is no problem, however with the impactor in the
oven there was probably some condensation in the probe which increases the weight
of particulates.
-114-
-------
7.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
All testing was performed with sampling equipment from Joy Manufacturing,
designed for isokinetic sampling to enable testing by EPA standard methods.
Gas flow rates were calculated using the observed gas temperature, molec-
ular weight, pressure and velocity, and the flow area. The gas velocity was
calculated from gas velocity head measurements made with an S-type pitot tube
and a magnehelie pressure gauge, using standard method 2.
f
i
Moisture Contents were determined by passing a measured amount of gas
through chilled impingers containing a known volume of deionized water, meas-
uring the increase in volume of the impingers liquid and the increase in weight
of silica gel used to finally dry the gas, and calculating the amount of water
vapor in the sample from this increase and the measured amount of gas.
The stack gas concentrations of carbon dioxide, oxygen, carbon monox-
ide, and nitrogen by difference were measured with a standard Orsat apparatus.
These concentrations and the moisture content were used to determine molecular
weight of the stack gas.
7.1 PARTICULATE MATTER
Standard method 5 was used for determining particulate emissions with the
exception that the probe and oven were operated at 300-350°F. Measured stack
gas samples were taken under isokinetic conditions. The samples were passed
through a cyclone, fiberglass filter, impingers, pump, a meter and an orifice
as shown in Figure 4.
The total particulate matter collected in each test was the sum of the fil-
ter catch plus material collected ahead of the filter in the sampling train. The
amount of filter catch is determined by the difference in the weight of the fil-
ter before and after the test, after dessicating. The particulate matter from
other portions of the train was determined by rinsing the probe, cyclone and
all glassware ahead of the filter with acetone, evaporating to dryness and weigh-
ing.
-115-
-------
STACK
WALL
ft
HEATED
J PROBE
REVERSE-
TYPE
PITOT TUBE
>"
VELOCITY
PRESSURE
GAUGE
ORIFICE
GAUGE
FILTER
HOLDER
CHECK
VALVE
FINE CONTROL
VALVE
/ AIR- \
I TIGHT J
V PUMPJ
/•*«- ~-X
FIGURE 4
PARTICULATE SAMPLING TRAIN
-116-
-------
7.2 NITROGEN OXIDE
Using method 7, gas samples were withdrawn from the stack into evacuated
2-liter flasks containing a dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric
acid. The hydrogen ..peroxide oxidizes the lower oxides of nitrogen (except
nitrous oxide) to nitric acid. The resultant solution is evaporated to dry-
ness and treated with phenol disulfonic acid reagent and ammonium hydroxide,
The yellow trialkali salt of 6-nitro-l-phenol-2, 4-disulfonic acid is formed,
which is measured colorimetrically.
7.3 SULFURIC ACID MIST AND SULFUR DIOXIDE
i
The "Shell Method"* was chosen for this determination due to uncertainties
which exist about the validity of the results using method 8. A gas sample is
drawn from the stack using a heated probe and passed through a water-cooled,
coil condenser maintained below the dew point of sulfuric acid at 140°-194°F,
followed by a fritted glass plate and then passed through a chilled impinger
train with two impingers containing an isopropanol and hydrogen peroxide mix-
ture and followed by an impinger containing silica gel for drying. This set-
up is shown in Figure 5.
The condensed sulfuric acid mist in the coil condenser is water washed
from the condenser. The final determination is made by titrating the solution
with barium chloride, using a thorin indicator. IsopropanoT must be added to
the solution to be titrated to improve the rapidity with which the barium sul-
fate precipitates during titration.
Sulfur dioxide in the gas sample is oxidized to sulfur trioxide the im-
pingers containing the hydrogen peroxide. Sulfur dioxide is then determined
by titrating the hydrogen peroxide solution with barium chloride, using a
thorin indicator.
*Lisle, E.S. and J.D. Sensenbaugh, "The Determination of Sulfur Trioxide
and Acid Dew Point In Flue Gases", Combustion, Jan. 1965.
Gokstfyr, H. and K. Ross "The Determination of Sulfur Trioxide in Flue Gases",
J. Inst. Fuel. No. 35, 177, (1962)
-117-
-------
STACK
WALL
CHECK
VALVE
REVERSE-
TYPE
PITOT TUBE
"j/ f "
VELOCITY
PRESSURE
GAUGE
FINE CONTROL
VALVE
ORIFICE
GAUGE
VACUUf
LINE
FIGURE 5
SULFURIC ACID MIST SAMPLING TRAIN
-118-
-------
7.4 PARTICLE SIZE
An Andersen, fractionating, inertia! impactor is used for the deter-
mination of particle size in the range of approximately 0.5 to 10.0 microns.
The sampling head is placed either in the stack at the end of the sampling
probe or in the oven after the heated sample probe (see Figure 6). A sample
of stack gas is drawn isokinetically through the sampler. The particulate
matter is fractionated and collected on the plates inside the sample head
and a determination is made by the difference in weight of the plates be-
fore and after testing. Results are expressed for particles of unit density.
-119-
-------
AIR FLOW
FIGURE 6
ANDERSEN STACK SAMPLER
-120-
-------
8.0 RESULTS
The results obtained from this test are summarized in Table 1. As dis-
cussed previously, the main flow of pollutant is based on calculated, rather
than measured flow rates. The actual calculations and field data are attached
as Appendixes A and B. Although these tests were performed for research
purposes and not as part of compliance procedures, standard EPA methods were
used (except as indicated). It is thus of interest to compare the results ob-
tained with State of Illinois standards. A comparison is shown in Table 2.
-121-
-------
TABLE 1
Boiler 3 - Highland Power
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Date
Stack Flow Rate - SCFM * dry
% Water Vapor - % Vol .
% C02 - Vol % dry
% 0 - Vol % dry
% Excess air @ sampling point
S0£ Emissions - lbs/106 Btu
NOX Emissions - lbs/106 Btu
H2S04 Mist - lbs/106 Btu
Particulates
Probe, Cyclone, & Filter Catch
Ibs./nr.
lbs/106 Btu
Total Catch
Ibs./nr.
lbs/106 Btu
% Isokinetic Sampling
7/15/75
15182
8.798
14.0
4.3
24.7
5.9
0.17
0.04
16.08
0.22
92.67
7/16/75
16962
8.55
11.8
5.2
30.8
0.24
V
v
'
•
•
,,
•
*70° F, 29.92" Hg
Calculated, dry
-122-
-------
TABLE 2
COMPARISON OF RESULTS
Pollutant
S02
NOX
Parti culates
Standard
U>s/106BTU
1.8
no standard for
sources < 250xl06BTU/hr
0.23
Found
Ibs/lO^BTU
5.9
O.T9
0<22
The only minor constituent measured during this test was sulfuric acid
mist which was determined to be 0.04 lbs/10 BTU.
In addition to measuring particulate loadings, a particle size analysis
was made using an Andersen impactor. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4
and Figure 7. The high percentage of particles less than 0.5 microns in
diameter is probably spurious. Microscopic examination indicates the presence
of large ammonium sulfate particles, which apparently were performed by sub-
sequent reactions of ammonia with sulfuric acid. The latter, present in va-
por form at stack temperature, was apparently retained by the glass fiber fil-
ter. The results for the first few plates on runs 2 and 3 are misleading since
the cyclone was ahead of the Andersen impactor and it fairly effectively re-
moves the larger,particles.
Some of the photomicrographs are included for illustration. Figure 8 is
of the total particulate filter from the run on 15 July. It shows bits of un-
burned to partially burned coal and sulfate needles. Figure 9 is from stage
5 of the impactor and shows small carbonaceous particles and sulfates, which
are the white, shiny areas. Figure 10 is from stage 6 of the impactor and
shows less carbonaceous particles and much more sulfate particles. The sul-
fate particles are definitely recrystallized on the filter since they fol-
low filter fibers and are much larger than the impactor plate holes would
allow.
-123-
-------
TABLE 3
PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION
Test: Mo. / ,
Date:
H7S
Plate Tare (g)
1 20,4711
3 2i,(,02/
4 22,5/36
5 11,7377
6 |l,*/8&
7 U.7W
8 2I,*/0*4
Back Up
Filter
Test: ^Q,£
Plate Tare (g)
1 20, 1^/4
2 21, 3706
•j 0 ! / O'lJ'A
J 6. 1 " (pOQ U
4 22.371*
s j 1 . 6965
6 ||. ^0?
7 M.^
8 2^,^210
Back Up
Filter
Final (g)
2I.47S2T
£1.6.10*
2 1. 5 17?
11,74/2
MloV
l|,74l£
21,^1^0
Total
Final (g)
to.wt-
21,3707
21 1 6** /
22,372/
11,6^72
ii.au
lUfc^
^,^2S-/
Net (mg)
3,-y
5.Z
?,7
12
3,5
i.a
1 ^}
l*i
6-6
35,3 '
Net(mg)
OA
P.I
p.V;
0-3
ay
0/6
l,i
^•l
Filter Total % of Cum % BCD
Net Total (Microns)
s% 6 100-c i3/ra 4
ft *7 <3^y ^J ^ <9/
1 | ^ ^Ir ' ^^
1,0 l\,i 4,(*l
S.2 M.I 2,1*
SO 5^.^ ),3 1 3*J« T w*/ o O
11,0 52.3 £OA
9^,5 **'^7
/ ,3 C?6»C 3,^6'-
3,1 K? 2-3i
2.6
-------
Test:
i £• M I.
TABLE 4
PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION
Po uu r. i«
Date: Jul^ /<,,/? tf
Plate Tare(g) Final(g) Net(mg)
O.I
0,5
Net
2 C
3 0
4 0
5 O.HffO
6 £
7 n
Total % of Cum % ECD
.' Total (Microns)
1,7
1.3
^,07
\>O Qtf
2,3 /,o
mterP^UO 0,2232 12,2 1,1
3J
7,6"
s;o ?2/3 2,3Y
«",3 77,3 /'/?
l 0,13.
Total
35,7
Test:
Date:
Plate Tare(g) Final(g) Net(mg) Filter Total \ of Cum % ECD
Net Total (Microns)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7'
8 •*}.. ;,
Back Up
Filter
-i *&
£,07
,5"
1,0
1.0
2.3V
o / oij .•
7' I <5T.~
27,0 75,
Total
I&O.Q
-125-
-------
35
30
25
20
15
FIGURE 7
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
HIGHLAND ELECTRIC
BOILER 3
13 12 II 10
g 7 6
E CD, microns
-126-
-------
FIGURE 8
TOTAL PARTICULATE FILTER
-127-
-------
C T r I "ir
SMALL CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES ANC SULFATES FROM STAGE 5 OF
ANDERSEN IMPACTOR. WHITE SHINY PARTICLES ARE SULFATES.
FIGURE 10
CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES AND SULFATES FROM STAGE 6 OF ANDERSEN
IMPACTOR. NOTE INCREASE IN AMOUNT OF SULFATE FROM STAGE 5 TO STAGE 6.
-128-
-------
Figure 11 is the backup filter for the impactor and it shows mostly sul
fates with some very fine carbonaceous particles. Figure 12 is of material
collected in the cyclone. There are a large variety of particle sizes, al-
though somewhat misleading due to agglomeration of particles, and there is
the presence of fused and partially fused glassy material and minerals.
FIGURE 11
ANDERSEN IMPACTOR RACK-UP FILTER SHOWING VERY FINE CARBONACEOUS
MATERIAL AND A GREAT NUMRER OF SULFATE CRYSTALS.
FIGURE 12
CYCLONE COLLECT. NOTE AGGLOMERATION AND PARTICULARLY THE
SPHERES OF FUSED GLASSY PARTICLES.
-129-
-------
APPENDIX A
PARTICULATE CALCULATIONS
-130-
-------
PARTICULATE CALCULATIONS
Volume of dry gas sampled at standard conditions - 70° F. 29.92 "Hq
AH
Vmstd = Volume of dry gas sampled at standard conditions, ft3
Vm = Meter volume sampled, ft
1.021 = Meter correction factor
Pm = Meter pressure, barometric pressure, PB, plus orifice
pressure, AH, in. Hg.'
Pstd = Standard pressure, 29.92 in. Hg.
Tstd = Standard temperature, 530° R or 70° F
Tm = Meter temperature, 530° R for compensated meter
CFm = Meter correction factor
Volume of water vapor at standard conditions
VW-VT /PH20\/R Tstd\ lb. = 0.0474xVic
vw - vlc I MH20 II Pstd 1 454 gm.
\ / \ / 2
Vw = Volume of water vapor at standard conditions, ft
VT = Volume of liquid collected in impingers and silica gel, ml
\*
= Density of water, Ig/ml.
M H20 = Molecular weight of water, 18 Ib/lb mol
R = Ideal gas constant, 21.83 in. Hg. - cu. ft./lb-mol - °R
% Moisture in Stack Gas
Vw std
% M = 100 x
-131-
-------
Average molecular weight of dry stack gas
HW0 =2 22 TO
)
Molecular weight of stack gas
Stack velocity at stack conditions
.. oc aa y r / Ts x AP avg. \ I/
Vs = 85.48 xCp ( ps x MW» 1 '2
Vg = stack velocity, fps.
85.48 - pitot constant,
lb.
C = pitot coefficient, dimensionless
T = average stack temperature, °R
PS = stack pressure, barometric pressure plus static pressure, in. Hg.
AP Avg = average differential pressure, in. H^O
Stack gas volume at standard conditions
Ps \
nc - ^nni m \ \i
Qs - 3600^1 -T55-)VS
Q = stack gas volume flow rate, SCF/hr
2
A = stack cross sectional area, ft
3600 = seconds per hour
Qs1 = Qs 7 60 = SCFM
-132-
-------
Per cent isokinetic sampling
f Vmr / D
I = 1.667 (0.00267) VIG + r^ B
L Tm \
AH
13.6
9 Vs Ps An
I = per cent isokinetic sampling
1.667 = minutes per second, X 100
°-00267 • x R x
0 = sampling time, min.
p
A = cross sectional area of sampling nozzle, ft
Particulate emission
Cs - 2.205 X ID'6
C = particulate emission, Ib/scf
2.205 X 10"6 = pounds per mg.
Mn = total mass of particulate collected, mg.
CE = C$ X Qs = Ib/hr
Cr = particulate emission per hour
CH = CE ; H
C.. = particulate emission, Ib. per million BTU
H = heat input, million BTU per hour
-133-
-------
Excess air at sample point
% EA = 100 X % Q2
(0.266 X % N2) - X 02
% EA = excess air at sample point, %
0.266 = ratio of oxygen to nitrogen in air by volume
-134-
-------
^ARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
4,
Test; [ Date;
Material collected (mg) =
Filter Catch = C.I 33 '6
Dry Catch = C'-ko^l
Acetone Wash = t> < O 3 $ 3-
O.^Gl
TOTAL s. a * , -,
"3Cs. / w4
Gas Volume Vm = 0.0334 / Vm VPB + H \
std \1.02]A 13. 6 j
iri.0%^ SCF
1.021\ 13.
Volume of water vapor Vw = 0.0474 x Vic
•0.0474 C&B3. ml )= U-£g>j SCF
% Moisture %M = 100 x Vwstd
Vmstd + Vwstd
100 x ( (l-£Ql )
Molecular Weight of dry stack gas
MW MW = % CO2 x 0.44 + %02 x 0.32 + %N2 x 0.28
( |4i0 x 0.44) + ( Cft3 x 0.32 ) + ( gi,7 x 0.28) =
Molecular Weight of stack gas
MWw = 100 - %M X MWD 4- %M x 18
100 100
18/ =
fioo -8'm x-to4n1+fS'W> x is]
[ 100 J L 10° J
-135-
-------
PARTICIPATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test:
Stack Velocity Vs = 85.48 x C_ fls x P avg") 1/2
Date
85.48 x (0,$?)
fls x P avg")
Lps * Mww J
f^gST x O.ei 7 1 1/2 =
[30. to x 2.^320 J
Stack Gas Volume Qs = 3600/1- %M \ (Vs)(A)/Tstd\ / Ps \
\ TOO/ ^Ts/ \Pstd/
f
L
3600 l- (2.
100
530
(9^5") Z9'92
SCFH
Stack Emission Rate Cs = 2.205 x IP"6/ Mn
2.205 x 1Q-6
CE = Cs x Qs =
C ' = C T H =
-£•
Ib/scf
Ib/hr
Btu
Isokinetic Variations I = 1.667
(0.00267) V1 + Vrn / + AH \1
Tm \PB T3T6"/jT
r
.667 (0.
L
00267)
530
13.6
Excess Air at Sample Point
EA »
100 x % 0?
(0.266 x % N2) -
02
100
-136-
-------
STOICHIOMETRIC
FLOWRATE CALCULATION
Boiler #3
Coal Composition
S 3.25%
H00 12.89
7/15/75 A£h 10.98
Btu 10856 Btu/lb
c
5/27/67 [J2
4
61.63%
4.37
0.77
8.86
Excess air = 24.7%
N2 = 3.76 x 0,2
mols/100#
T 32 x 1
* 18 = 0.716
* 12 xl
* 2 = 2.185 x 0.5
* 28 = 0.028
* 32 x -1
Theoretical 02
excess 00
Mols Flue Gas = C0? + S0? + N9 + 0~ + N9
= 5.T36 + 6.102N- 0.028 +^1.
moIs 02 required
= 0.102
= 5.136
= 1.093
=-0.277
6.054
= 1.495
7.549
=28.384
495 + 28.384 = 35.145 mols
Flue Gas = 35.145 x 386.7
= 13590.6 SCF/100*
@ 6702.4 Ib coal/hr = 6702.4 x-ij- x 13590.6 = 910,896 SCFH
= 15,182 SCFM
Sulfur Check - SQ emissions
by emission factor 6702.4 * 2000 x 38 x 3.25 = 413.9 #/hr S02
using calculated flow
910,896 x 4.75 x 10
"4
= 432.6 #/hr S02
-137-
-------
N0v EMISSION DATA
A
Date.
7
r^>
Run No.
Time
vg N02
T-- Initial Flask Temp, °F
Tf- Final Flask Temp, °F
^fc" ^as'c Vo^me, ml.
P- Initial Flask Pres, "Hg
Pf- Final Flask Pres, "Hg
Ib/scf N02 XIO"5
lb/106Btu N02
/
00
zom
Z.SS
3o,l
i,nl
0,1%
*
/oof
V*£
2qj?
m ••
\*sw
0,fi
J
/C3-i3
408
lo^
I.WS
o.\%
y
/t/Q
32<*
102$
i. i&r
o*\s
s
/3oo
y^^
^o^J
1.538
0,2-0
6
/3Vtf
//i
2
^*/5
?
yybo
-^G
2^5?
—
//-J^b
0,tb
Vsc=
= scf
Yfc - Vf - 25
C = 6.2 x 10"5 Ib/scf
yg/ml
N02 \ = Ib/scf
Vsc
-138-
-------
NOV EMISSION DATA
J\
Date.
/
7S
Run No.
Time
ug N02
T.- Initial Flask Temp, F
Tf- Final Flask Temp, °F
Vf - Flask Volume, ml .
P^ Initial Flask Pres, "Hg
Pf- Final Flask Pres, "Hg
Ib/scf N02 x/o-5
lb/106Btu N02
/
0W
^£T2
10
IZO
ZQ<*I1
l.ss
3u.l
I*W
Oato
2
/J20
*m
^•MM
2~m
••1 • .tf
—
/.;<5?
^22
J
/J^.
£32
— ,
aoif
Af/6
V7?
_, :
2D22
_...
—
A ; /j
d^.23
- •
•
. ...
. ,.,;
Vsc= 17.71
in. Hg,
(Vfc) [_!±_ - _!i_l = scf
Tf Ti
Vfc - Vf - 25
C = 6.2 x 10"° Ib/scf
yg/ml
/yg N02 \ = Ib/scf N02
Vsc
-139-
-------
,! MIST and S02 EMISSION DATA
Date
Run No.
Vmc-Meter Volume, Ft3
Vmstd-Meter Volume, Std. Cond.
Pg-Barometric Pressure, "Hg
AH-Avg. Orifice Pres. Drop, "H20
Vt-Vol . of Titrant, ml.
Vtb-Vol. of Titrant for Blank, ml.
Vsoln-Vo1- of Solution, ml.
Va-Vol. of Aliquot, Titrated, ml.
Ib/scf H2S04 x/o"^
lb/106 Btu H2S04
Ib-scf S02 X/d"^
lb/106 Btu S02
7//S-
/
6>237
6«/£3
30,1
0,\
/,8
*;i
z.so
a4-
-±.16
0,0^
")//£
z
£>?J/
S.<*#2
3o,e
O.I
I.*
«l\
2.&D
ze
s.W
o.cy
7//S
I+Z
II, ft 8
If. $4(e
3i.n
^;i
Z£&
l.o
1.7$
*
-------
APPENDIX B
FIELD DATA
-141-
-------
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESS & EMISSION DATA FOR POWER PLANTS
Test nuraber
Net Unit Load - J*T KW
Boiler Heat Rate - BTU/KW hr.
Boiler Heat Input - 106 BTU/hr.
Emission Level - lb./106 BTU
Particulates
so2
vo
X
Fuel Heating Valve - BTU/lb.
Fuel Burning Rate During Test - Ib./hr.
Fuel Ash Content - %
Additive Rate - Ib/hr.
n/<^
4/W.?
12.K
IO8S6
jt
/
//S"
-142-
-------
ORSAT FIELD DATA
Location It / 0 r) Az/7 & ^ ^/, //.
Date 7- /£ - 73
T-fraA
Operator // /C//7
Test
tf^Vtf/A*
/3J15//*
/OoS nrs
/33G trs.
(CO )
Reading 1
/^/ O/ /*/, 0
/4o//
-------
Run No. 1_
Location j
Date
.PARTICIPATE FIELD DATA i Ambient Temp °F
VERY IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS '
i Bar. Press. "Hg
Read and record at the start of each '
test point.
i Assumed Moisture %
8
Oerator
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
Meter z, H-,3 )
C Factor
: Heater Box Setting °F 3lO
Probe Tip Dia., In.
Probe Length
Probe Heater Setting 3)0
AvgvA P «I6 Avg. AH
O-SS"
i Point
._&.
7
10
LI
!.*•_
i3
Clock • Dry Gas ! Pitot j Orifice AH , Impinger Pump Box Probe Stack ; Stack
Meter, CFl in H20 } in H20 ! °F Temp. Vacuum Temp Temp Press. Temp.
In. Hg.. °F °F In. -8g..< °F
.Gauge
i AP
10'. Q6
LI
._ J£
_._.3JL
56
li_
L-L-UU6—-
,_o...i.^_.j.
.753,.]
...12..
...12,
._J«,
.. •.!£_
73P.-3
....7M-.&.
Desired jActual ijnletjOutlet ° _ 1 _ _ i
_3j.a
.-fi^-LiiSL^
L...74- L
.,34r-.l..,a4_|.
JLf2.a.:Ll.
:_7Q
! 70
•!—
..Ti-ia.
u ...7.fe.
1' i."s~'4 JLSJ3.iCL^l
.2-.£._L:
—t.
>J-.3Ao.
:_...._Z1_
_.J...5L&..
S.feQ
Sv/b
S6o
56^
-------
p.
3
PART ICU LATE FIELD DATA ! Ambient Temp °F
Run Vo. .i
*"7 "^ **'~
Location Jj uon.&fc C>TA^'>
Date "7/1 S /TS"
• i • i —
Operator
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
Meter .;.. H^
C Factor
! Point i Clock j Dry Gas
1 ]' Meter, CF
I . :
tn ; ;
2r_L J£'VU£QO,&S8L.
^ : 5-^.; g^jgvg)
V i 53 ; 8| 3.0
5 i _ o4 1617-1 .
7 l4-:0*6-2>
8 : 15 : 831-1
£L • 24- ; &B6.1
}Q < *3 i $4o.#
I \ ! Vh i 84S. ST
12, • 35» ! 0SC3.3
l^ V*- ! S^^'^
^iV . :r^lillf^
; VERY IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS
i
, Reac
(< : test
1
Pitot
in H20
0-ZO
-Z^
. z.4-
«2Jt
. 26
. ^
•^.
•_/0 *
."^TSsT
"X A-
^> **t~
- >•''*••
*
. .• , .
I and record at the start of
. point.
Orifice AH '. Impinger
in H20 i °F Temp.
Desired j Actual , Inlet: Outlel
Bar. Press. "H?
each '
; Assumed Moisture ?6
Heater Box Setting °F
, pTQke ^.-Lp Dj_a-j in.
Probe Length
Probe Heater Setting
.Avg.AP Avg.A H
:
i ' • '
Pump , Box ' Probe '' Stack . Stack :
Vacuum Temp i Temp ' Press. Temp. •
In., Hg.. °F :, °F . In. Hg. °F i
uGauge ; j ' .
1.2- ! l-Z. 1 2nrt i SO ft. & i 315 j 2^>o ! 2Ad> i
"l7£~" riA"~i TlJ^LJJl"
!A ! \ A_ ! *? £t f\ **j t^1
i ^"" ! I * ^" i £ ^*J \J 1 ^J
1 C~ ^ s / CI *> i *? d'jyN • If ^T"
" ( 1 ;> t^- . J * •* AN^ ' C~- ^SCJ> ' I W
j.B M.fe ! !
2,Q T~2.o i ZSo 73
2-Q ! 2.Q . i j
^. 1 ; 2.1 i 2>2j? 1 7s~
, i i >*
.. .Vr,- . n, J , ^ ^_
!• 6> '• lt_fe • "J 15" i SO
i
' '
- i 1 '
, - !
i '
: 2>'5" 325" ' 32.$" -: $SO :
8-5" 34 S" ! 33O : S"SO
BSO 1 *>?>fr
i 1
12.5" S^o 32^ ^SSO •
34o i i So s so
i i_
j 2>55 F 3.SS" *Tj^Q :
13.5" i 3-25 ! 340 .S g O '
i "i6o ; "^o 5?4:SL ;'
li'S" i 2>6>S'_; ^>^>S" i?4-<^
IZ.Q i 32_S" S^£>
1 i
i i
_. j i • j.
_ -.1 . .. L i. „. - i-
••;
-------
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET
Date:
Run Number: \_
Operator:
Sample Box No.
plant.
Location Of Sample Port: 3p'A3/*£ *"*' "°
Barometric Pressure: 3
Ambient Temperature
Impinger H20
Volume After Sampling ^b( ml
Impinger Prefilled With 'Loo ml
Volume Collected 2.c>l ml
Silica Gel
Weight After
_g
Weight Before
g
Moisture Weight l>n.Z.g Moisture Total 1W-Z
Dry Probe and Cyclone Catch:
Container No;
Extra No.
Weight Results
Probe, Cyclone, Flask
And Front Of Filter
Acetone Wash:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results Q
Filter Papers and Dry Filter Particulate
Filter No. Container No. Filter No. Container No.
II
Filter Particulate
Weight
Total Particulate
Weight 0.8*61 g
% Moisture By Volume
-146-
-------
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
Date Z- /V- />~
//. / • ' /-/ / -
Plant n f? h /a f:'(jL L. /CC'lt •' C
Sample Collected By.
Run No.
Power Stat Setting
Field Data
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume cf flask less correction (ml) ;
dfl
Pressure before sampling ui. Hg. * ;
Pressure after sampling, in. Bg/^,^,, 1
Flask temperature, F
7'/5
/
**7
£J
3c,^o
?o
\/Q:O&>
3,
3o38
(*.5
3c2v
9o
/o;5l
J
1*3?
6.0
&o3o
?o
//•/S
¥
3cl8
&$
Jo 3.0
?o
/'CO
6
3ol6
C.3
30.40
?0 .
/'•- £~,'7
^C
-------
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
Date _
Plant
Sample Collected By.
Run No.
Power Stat Setting
Field Data
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume of flask less correction (ml)
£AA
Pressure before sampling •$». Hg.
Pressure after sampling, in. Bg.
Flask temperature, F
£>W
I
104-7
£
>.
2**6
6.r
V-*'
$0
f>s-^
*>
^^3
6.r
?o -
3o
n,o>
4-
«LOi^
6.^"
i». *-
*>t>
.
-148-
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For /73
Date 7- /6'-75
Plant
>?
nig h /a.nd, L/fr trie. Co.
j
Bar. Pressure 3o, J? "Hg
Ambient Temp ?£ °F
/o //? T
Location
Comments :
& <3
Run No
/
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes
No
Operator firi$Cz ,'.••;• . ////£/'r
Clock
Time
&3S
<3.;4o
<3:*'£
<3:3c
3: Co
4:c6
Meter
(Ft.3)
gLtf/ol
ff&S.S
3CC.3
SL 7. 3
ftf£
87o.J3?
f
Pitot
in. H20
dP
o.3o
0.33
c.<39
c.<34
0,OO
Orifice
in H20
2IH
o./
o./
o./..
c,/
c,/
Temperatures
Stack
370
SCO
S6o
S6c
JSO
Probe
3
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For /~TQ
Date 7- /£- 75
Plant /9/«
No _
£ / /?
Location
Comments :
••/> r -?- 7
Clock
Time
^/8
*/:33
#38
*
3*6*
Coil
**n,
®\
£e°c
tfc
Impinger
In
**
&
ffil
t$5cf
tfr,*
"fat
Out
%5^
ft*'
?J°F
?3°f
^n°F
/tf0/*
Comments:
-150-
-------
Plant
Run No. l_
Location i/ff<
Date 7-/&< 7S
Operator
e. •S'/z.e.
PARTICIPATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of each
test point. •
Ambient Temp °F &Q
Bar. Press. "Hg v3o> 3 Q
Assumed Moisture %
Heater Box Setting °F
Probe Tip Dia., In.
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
Probe Length
£ 'ft.
Meter A H@ / Q
Probe Heater Setting
Avg.AP flol? Avg.AH /
C Factor C.6'2
Point
-?- 7
o-tf
Clock
^<*O rJ-ffr;.
/c;i6
:jc
;35
:yo
/o:333
3JS
<3^G
•'
Stack
Temp
op
-
Stack
Press.
In. Hg
_
••\ -••'.• - -
-
Stack
Temp.
oF
dSZ'Jf.'C
j.ys
...
-------
Plant
o
Run No.
Location
Date 7- /£. 76
Operator Gft'stntr, ////c/'/>
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
Meter A H@ /0 32
C Factor
PARTICIPATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of each
test point.
Ambient Temp °F
Bar. Press. "Hg
Assumed Moisture % p
Heater Box Setting °F
Probe Tip Dia., In. <
~~
Probe Length
Probe Heater Setting
Avg.AH
(g
Point
->
3 -S3
Clock
/3£2
/3£3
/3SS
/3£7
/3£
••
CJI
r\>
•^.- '- ef',-.-A-eat
-------
Plant
Run No.
Location
Date Z/£- 7*5
Operator
////£/ fi
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA.
VERY IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of each
test point.
Ambient Temp °F
Bar. Press. "Hg c?Q.
Assumed Moisture %
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
Meter A H@_
C Factor
Heater'Box Setting °F
Probe Tip Dia., In.
Probe Length £ /t>
Probe Heater Setting
Avg. A P Avg. A H
Point
3-/3
Clock
O
3
V
£
A
/C m-f)
Dry Gas
Meter, CF
9oo. 3 f'o
9c3.g
9e>3.3
9c£. 9
9o£.r^
?e7.«^o
Pitot
in H20 :
AP
«.£SUf;:f
0.3
Orifice AH
in H20
Desired
AS
••
Actual
/.O
/.3
A3
A3
r _ L_ --'---
Impinger
°F Temp.
Inlet
*
-
Outlet
7c
7o
Pump
Vacuum
In. Hg.
Gauge
•
Box
Temp
oF
%8G
330
333
32*5
33o
•!
-
Stack
Temp
oF
Stack
Press.
In. Hg
Stack
Temp.
oF
assv^e
v
-------
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET
Date:
Run Number:
Operator:
Sample Box No.
Plant
: H
lG>J4LAN/D
I j 2, 3 Location Of Sample Port: -^3
r Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature
li«.( |'
Impinger H20
Volume After Sampling 2.5* L ml
Impinger Prefilled With 2(20 ml
Volume Collected .fT,?.nil
Silica Gel
Weight After
_g
Weight Before
. C g
Moisture Weight
Moisture Total
> I :
Dry Probe and Cyclone Catch:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results g
Probe, Cyclone, Flask
And Front Of Filter
Acetone Wash:
Container No.
if
Extra No.
Weight Results
Filter Papers and Dry Filter Particulate
Filter No. Container No. Filter No. Container No.
Filter Partieulate
Weight
Total Particulate
weight 37 7,; mg
% Hoiotuge By Volume
.,= (\*\.Wt *
.™ cf
7.75") ^0.033V 4-1.021 X (30.14 7175 )"
7V X
OO
-------
PRELIMINARY
SOURCE TEST REPORT
CARLING BREWING CO. - STAG BREWERY
BELLEVILLE, ILLINOIS
BOILER NO. 1
4 NOVEMBER 1975
TESTED BY: Rockwell International
R.W. Griscom
O.C. Klein
F.E. Littman
-155-
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1.0 SUMMARY 159
2.0 INTRODUCTION 160
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 161
4.0 SOURCE TEST DESCRIPTION 162
5.0 PROCESS OPERATION 164
6,0 DISCUSSION 165
7.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 167
8.0 RESULTS 168
APPENDIX A: PARTICULATE CALCULATIONS 173
APPENDIX B: FIELD, DATA 186
-156-
-------
TABLES
PAGE
TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF FLOW RATE DETERMINATIONS 166
TABLE 2 SUMMARY OF RESULTS 169
TABLE 3 COMPARISON OF RESULTS 169
TABLE 4 PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION
(TEST: STAG - ANDERSON #1 & 12) 170
TABLE 5 PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION
(TEST: STAG - ANDERSON #3) 171
TABLE 6 HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS 172
-157-
-------
FIGURES
PAGE
FIGURE 1 SAMPLING LOCATION FOR BOILER
NO. 1 163
-158-
-------
t
1.0 SUMMARY
In conjunction with the RAPS project, a limited stack testing program
is being conducted. This report summarizes the results obtained on boiler
No. 1 at the Stag Brewery in Belleville, Illinois. Some work remains,>onv
the combustion efficiency of.,the unit to better clarify some of the .obtained
results. A final report will be issued at that point.
The stack testing included the following pollutants: SCL, particulates,
NCL, fLSCL,-and hydrocarbons. Orsat analysis for CCL, CO, and 02 were also
performed. Results of these tests are included in this report. .Although
these tests were not conducted to ascertain compliance with Illinois stand-
ards, it is of interest that the particulate emissions and the SO,, emis-
sions are just slightly above the limits. (
We acknowledge and appreciate the excellent cooperation we obtained
from the officials of the Stag Brewery.
-159-
-------
2.0 INTRODUCTION
The current stack testing program is being conducted in conjunction
with the emission inventory work for the St. Louis RAPS project. The
emission inventory is being compiled using published emission factors. The
stack testing is being conducted to evaluate the emission factors and to
gather information for additional emission factors.
This stack test was conducted at the Stag Brewery in Belleville, Illinois.
Testing was performed on boiler No. 1 on 11, 12 and 13 August and 15, 16
and 20 October 1975.
Boiler No. 1 is a coal fired, 50,000 pounds per hour steam generating
unit. There are no emission controls on this unit. This boiler was sampled
for total particulates, particle size, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide,
sulfuric acid mist, carbon dioxide, oxygen and hydrocarbons.
-160-
-------
3.0, PROCESS DESCRIPTION
, ' * t. * • '. i
Boiler No. 1 was built by He.nry Vogt Boiler Co.. and was installed, in
1939, It is equipped with a gravity fed,, traveling grate stoker. Steam
pressure is maintained at approximately 125 psiv The. firing rate of (the
boiler is directly controlled by the steam requirements of the brewery.
As a result, there is a considerable fluctuation in the steam load through-
out the day. Boiler No. 1 is 'a natural draft unit and has no stack emis-
sion controls. The stack is of brick construction and is 225 feet tall
and 8 feet inside diameter.
-161-
-------
4.0 SOURCE TEST DESCRIPTION
Boiler No. 1 was tested in the ductwork between the boilers and the
stack. This is a common duct for both boilers 1 and 2, however, boiler
No. 2 was not in operation at the time of testing. The sampling location
is illustrated in Figure 1.
The duct at this point is 52.5 inches wide by 102 inches deep. The
cross-section of the duct at this point is not rectangular since fly ash
is deposited at the bottom and sloped to one side. Sample points were cho-
sen accordingly to avoid sticking the probe into this fly ash. In accord-
ance with the EPA Standard Method 1, thirty-five sampling points were cho-
sen, seven at each of five sampling ports. Five, 4-inch pipe nipples were
installed on the duct for use as sampling ports.
-162-
-------
PLAN VIEW
Sample
Ports
f
Boiler 2
Boiler 1
Elevation
FIGURE 1
SAMPLING LOCATION FOR BOILER NO. 1
-163-
-------
5.0 PROCESS OPERATION
As mentioned previously, the firing rate on this boiler is determined
by the steam requirements of the plant operation. As a consequence, load
fluctuations of up to 100% occurred. During testing on 16 October, the
boiler load was reduced considerably since no brewing operations were
taking place that day. The load that day remained very constant. Ashes
are pulled approximately once an hour. At those times the flow rate in
the ductwork increased.
i
During testing in August, high sulfur coal was being burned; In October
low sulfur coal, (1% S), was used.
-164-
-------
6.0 DISCUSSION
Flow determinations were made in accordance with EPA Standard Method
2, using an S-Type Pitot Tube. This method gives correct results as long
as the pi tot tube is positioned normally to the flow of gases. This is
no problem as long as the flow of gases is 1 ami nor and parallel to the
walls of the ducts. However, if the flow is turbulent or vortex-type, the
readings obtained are incorrect, with a positive bias (too high). The ex-
istence of a turbulent condition can be ascertained by turning the pitot
tube 90° on its axis. A zero reading should then result. If no zero read-
ing is obtained, the results are open to question.
In the duct being tested, the existence of turbulence was evident by
the fact that a zero reading could not be obtained except on 16 October
when the boiler was operated under reduced load. Actually, the flow rate
on that day was not much lower than under full load conditions, but the
gases consisted of a large excess of air and little combustion products.
As a result, the flue gas temperature was lower.
Under conditions when satisfactory flow measurements cannot be obtained,
a stoichiometric calculation of flow rates can be made, based on fuel consump-
tion, fuel composition, combustion rate and excess air. As a check on the
correctness of the assumption, the mass flow of S02 can be calculated based
on gas flow and S02 concentration on one hand, and fuel consumption and sul-
fur analysis on the other. The conversion of sulfur in coal to S02 is straight-
forward and occurs with 95% efficiency.
To determine the amount of coal consumed, the steam output and a boiler
efficiency were used to calculate coal consumption. The boiler efficiency
was determined by comparing steam output to coal usage on thirteen high pro-
duction day shifts. By this method an efficiency of 82.5% was determined.
-165-
-------
Table 1 shows the comparison of the results obtained by the two method-
TABLE 1
COMPARISON OF FLOW RATE DETERMINATIONS
DATE
8/12
10/20
10/20
FLOW RATE, SCFH
Measured Calculated
1,394,989
782,909
736,170
776,420
SO 2
AP-42*
74.9
79.0
(Ibs/hr) BASE!
Ca'l art ated
Flow
81.4
91.1
> ON M
Measured
Flow
* Compilation of air pollutant.
Emission Factors, EPA Publ. No. AP-42
A small problem still remains in that these S02 emissions are still high-
er than predicted by emission factors. There is evidence to believe that the
combustion efficiency of this boiler is very poor. If this is the case, then
some amount of coal goes unburned. The stoichiometric flow rate determination
is based upon complete combustion of the coal and, therefore, the actual flow
rate would be less if combustion is not complete and the SOg emissions would
be closer to the predicted results. This assumption will be evaluated short-
ly with a coal and ash analysis. Following this test, a final report on this
installation will be completed.
-166-
-------
7.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
All testing was performed with sampling equipment from Joy Manufacturing,
designed for isokinetic sampling to enable testing by EPA standard methods.
The following EPA methods were utilized during testing; ,
Method 1: Sample and Velocity Traverse
Method 2: Volumetric Flow Rate Determination
Method 3: Gas Analysis by Orsat Method
Method 4: Stack Gas Moisture Determination
,, Method 5: Determination of Particulate Emissions
Method 7:. Determination of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions
In addition, a modified method 8 using the "Shell Method for Sulfuric
Mist" was used for sulfuric mist and sulfur dioxide. Particle size deter-
minations were made using an Andersen fractionating, inertial impactor.
Hydrocarbon grab samples were taken.
-167-
-------
8.0 RESULTS
The results obtained from this test are summarized in Table 2. As
previously discussed, the pollutant emissions are based on calculated,
rather than measured, flow rates. Although these tests were performed
for research purposes and not as part of compliance procedures, stan-
dard EPA methods were used. It is thus of interest to compare the results
obtained with State of Illinois standards. A comparison is shown in Table 3.
Since the measured flow rate is higher than the calculated flow rate,
the testing for particulates was apparently conducted at greater than iso-
kinetic conditions and the results are then higher than they should be.
For this reason, it would appear that for the testing on 12 August, this
boiler is very nearly within compliance.
The results of a sample taken on 6 August for hydrocarbon was:
Carbon Monoxide: 8.93 ppm
Methane: 0.33 ppm
Total Hydrocarbons, as CH^: 6.97 ppm
The results of another sample for hydrocarbons taken on 11 August are
given in Table 6. The total amounts to 7.14 ppm.
-168-
-------
IABLL ^
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Date
Stack Flow Rate - SCFM * dry
% Water Vapor - % Vol .
% C02 - Vol % dry
% 0 - Vol % dry
% Excess air @ sampling point
S02 Emissions - lbs/106 Btu
NOX Emissions - lbs/106 Btu
H2S04 Mist - lbs/106 Btu
Particulates
Probe, Cyclone, & Filter Catch
Ibs./hr.
lb's/106 Btu
Total Catch
Ibs./hr.
lbs/106 Btu .
% Isokinetic Sampling
8/11
13048
-.
0.36
8/12
13048
9.02
10.5
10.4
97.7
0.31
37.03
0.95
10/15
13604
9.3
10.8
103.3
2.4
10/16
12359
4-7
5.6
4.8
232.2
7.46
0.37
"
10/20
12605
11.55 -
8.7
69.5
2.35
0.031
•
*70° F, 29.92" Hg -<
TABLE 3
COMPARISON OF RESULTS
POLLUTANT
S02
NOX
Particulates 8/12
10/16
ILLINOIS STATE
STANDARDS
lbs/106 BTU
1.8
No standard for
sources <250 X 106
BTU/hr
0.28
FOUND
lbs/106 BTU
2.4, 2.3, 2.4
0.36, 0.31
0.95
0.37
In addition to measuring particulate loadings, a particle size analysis
.was made using an Andersen impactor. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5,
-169-
-------
TABLE 4
PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION
TEST:
PLATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
BACK UP
FILTER
TOTAL
TEST:
PLATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
BACK UP
STAG - ANDERSEN #1
NET(mg) FILTER TOTAL
NET
13.7
10.6
6.4
4.9
2.6
3.1
1.5
10.9
20.2
73.9
STAG - ANDERSEN #2
NET(mg) FILTER TOTAL
NET
9.4
6.4
5.2
4.3
3.0
2.6
3.0
6.8
23.9
% OF
TOTAL
18.6
14,3
8.7
6.6
3.5
4.2
2.0
14.8
27.3
100.0
% OF
TOTAL
14.6
9.9
8.1
6.7
4.6
4.0
4.6
10.5
37.0
CUM %
18.6
32.9
41.6
48.2
51.7
55.9
57.9
72.7
100.0
CUM %
14.6
24.5
32.6
39.3
43.9
47.9
52.5
63.0
100.0
DATE: 8/13
ECD
(MICRONS)
12.28 & Above
7.72
5.15
3.63
2.23
1.15
0.70
0.47
<0.47
DATE: 8/13
ECD
(MICRONS)
12.28 & Above
7.72
5.15
3.63
2.23
1.15
0.70
0.47
<0.47
FILTER
TOTAL 64.6
100.0
-170-
-------
TABLE 5
PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION
TEST: STAG - ANDERSEN #3
PLATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
BACK UP
FILTER
TOTAL
TEST:
PLATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
BACK UP
FILTER
TOTAL
NET(mg) NET(mg)
PLATE FILTER
3.3 16.1
2.5 5.0
2.1 4.3
1.8 2.3
1.2 2.0
1.5, 1.4
1.7 6.1
2.0 7.2
17.6
16.1 62TO~~
STAG - ANDERSEN #3
TOTAL
19.4
7.5
6.4
4.1
3.2
1.9
7.8
9.2
17.6
777T
TARE(g) FINAL(g) NET(mg)
•
FILTERS
ONLY
% OF
TOTAL
25.2
9.7
8.3
5.3
4.2
2.5
10.1
11.9
22.8
100.0
FILTER
NET
16.1
5.0
4.3
2.3
2.0
1.4
6.1
7.2
17.6
6O"
CUM %
25.2
34.9
43.2
48.5
52.7
55.2
65.3
77.2
100.0
TOTAL
, ' .•;•-, ;•'
DATE: 8/13
ECD
(MICRONS)
12.28 & Above
7.72
5.15
3.63
2.22
1.12
0.69
0.46
<0.46
DATE: 8/13
% OF CUM%
TOTAL
' 26.0 26.0
8.1 34.1
6.9 41.0
3.7 44.7
3.2 47.9
2.3 50.2
9.8 60.0
11.6 71.6
28.4 100.0
TOO"
ECD
(MICRONS)
12.28 & Above
7.72
5.15
3.63
2.22
1.12
0.69
0.46
<0.46
-171-
-------
TABLE 6
HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS
DATE: 8/11/75
TEST: STAG #1
COMPOUND
Ethane
Propane
Isobutane
1-Butene
n-Butane
Isopentane
1-Pentene
n-Pentane
2-methyl Pentane
2-methyl, 1-Pentene
1-Hexene
n-Hexane
3,3-dimethyl, 1-Pentene
2,4-dimethyl Pentane & Benzene
1 methylcyclopentene & 2M C3 Hexene
Cyclohexane
2-methyl Hexane
3-methyl Hexane
1-Heptene
n-Heptane
Toluene
2,2,5-trimethyl Hexane
1-Octene
n-Octane
Ethyl benzene
meta, para Xylene
Orthoxylene
n-Nonane
N-Propylbenzene
1,3,4 Trimethyl Benzene
-172-
TIME:
CONCENTRATION ppb)
76.6
57.3
46.5
29.2
28.2
4.9
2.5
5.4
3.4
2.8
38.3
115.1
22.9
34.4
10.4
4.9
1.8
2.9
8.6
12.2
49.9
3.4
6.8
3.6
37.3
72.2
18.9
6.3
4.7
3.5
-------
APPENDIX A
PARTIGULATE CALCULATIONS
-173-
-------
PARTICIPATE CALCULATIONS
Volume of dry gas sampled at standard conditions - 70° F, 29.92 "Hg
Vmsta .(SLH^lfJsw | B 0 plus orifice
pressure, AH, in. Hg.
Pstd = Standard pressure, 29.92 in. Hg.
Tstd » Standard temperature, 530° R or 70° F
Tm = Meter temperature, 530° R for compensated meter
CFm = Meter correction factor
Volume of water vapor at standard conditions
. Tstd 1b. = 0.0474
cMH20 Pstd 1 454 gm.
\ / \ / ^
Vw = Volume of water vapor at standard conditions, ft
Vi = Volume of liquid collected in impingers and silica gel, ml
pHgO = Density of water, Ig/ml.
M H£0 - Molecular weight of water, 18 Ib/lb mol
R = Ideal gas constant, 21.83 in. Hg. - cu. ft./lb-mol - °R
% Moisture in Stack Gas
Vw std
% M = 100 x
Vmstd + Vwstd
-174-
-------
Average molecular weight of dr stack gas
-Molecular weight of stack gas
Stack velocity at stack conditions
v - 85 48 x C /Ts x AP avg. \ I
V - 8b.4b x L I ps x M
V = stack velocity, fps.
85.48 - pitot constant, - . OR '/
C = pitot coefficient, dimension! ess
T = average stack temperature, °R
P = stack pressure, barometric pressure plus static pressure, in. Hg
AP Avg = average differential pressure, in. fr^O
Stack gas volume at standard conditions
nc - ^finn/i %M \ \i fl
Qs - 36001 1- V A
/Tstd
-
Qs = stack gas volume flow rate, SCF/hr
i rate, S
2
A = stack cross sectional area, ft
3600 = seconds per hour
Qs' = Qs 7 60 = SCFM
-175-
-------
Per cent isokinetlc sampling
= 1.667|(0.00267) Vlc + Jfe (PB
I = per cent isokinetic sampling
1.667 = minutes per second, X 100
0.00267 = ^O X R X b'
454 gm.
9 = sampling time, min.
An = cross sectional area of sampling nozzle, ft2
Particulate emission
Cc = 2.205 X 10
Vmstd(
C = particulate emission, Ib/scf
2.205 X 10~6 = pounds per mg.
Mn = total mass of particulate collected, mg.
C.. = CL X Qc « Ib/hr
n o j>
CE = particulate emission per hour
CH = CE • H
CH = particulate emission, Ib. per million BTU
H = heat input, million BTU per hour
-176-
-------
Excess air at sample point
% EA = 100 X % Q2
(0.266 X % N2) -
% EA = excess air at sample point, %
0.266 = ratio of oxygen to nitrogen in air by volume
-177-
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test ;S "buy - &o'« ler4*/ Date:
Material collected (mg)
Filter Catch = /C, 3. 2
Dry Catch
Acetone Wash = JS&1, o
TOTAL
Gas Volume Vm.^j = 0.0334/V,
m
0.0334
Volume of water vapor Vw = 0,0474 X Vic
0.0474 ( ;6>3 ml) = l,ll(> SCF
% Moisture %M = 100 X Vwstd
Vmstd + Vwstd
100 X ( 7/7^4) _ .
Molecular Weight of dry stack gas
MWD = %C02 X 0.44 + %02 X 0.32 + %N2 X 0.28
( IO.S X 0.44) + (/O.y X 0.32) + (79, / X 0.28) =
Molecular Weight of stack gas
MWw = 100 - %M X MWn + %M X 18
100 u 100
100 - 8.^
100
X 30, 1 1 + 1 ^^ X 18 =
J L Too J
-178-
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test:
Stack Velocity Vs = 85.48 x C pTs x P avgl 1/2
Date:
[Ts x P avgl
PsxMww J
85.48 x
7??>7 x 0,C->t 1
2
I (o.
1.667 (0.00267) (
6 Vs Ps An
530 \ 13.6
7, 7
Excess Air at Sample Point
% EA = 100 x %
(0.266 x % N2) - % 02
100. (
(0.266
-179-
-------
STOICHIOMETRIC
FLOWRATE CALCULATIONS
Boiler #1 8/12/75
Coal Composition
Peabody-River King Mols/100# Mols 02 required
* 32 x 1 = 0.102
f 18 = 0.716
12 x 1 = 5.136
2 = 2.185 x .5 = 1.093
28 = 0.028
32 x -1 = -0.277
s
7/15/75 "2°
Btu
C
H
5/27/67 |J2
°2
3.25%
12.89
10.98
10856 Btu/lb
6163
4.37
0.77
8.86
Theoretical 02 6.054
@ 97.7 % Excess air = 5.915
11.969
No = 3.76 x 09 = 45.003
£
56.972
Mols Flue Gas = 5.136 + 0.102 + 5.915 + 45.003 + 0.028 = 56.184 mols
ft3
56.184 x 386.7 IL- = 21726.4 SCF/100# coal 9 70°F, latm.
mol
8/12/75 31.775 x 103 #/hr steam @ 82.5% boiler eff.
1193.8 Btu/# 125 psig; sat. steam
178.1 Btu/# 210°F water
1015.7 But/#
31.775 x IP3 x 1015.7 = 3.91198 x 107 Btu/hr input
.825
3.91198 x 107 * 10856 = 3603.5 #/hr coal
3603.5 XL x 21726.4 = 782909.1 SCFH, dry
-180-
-------
NOV EMISSION DATA
« *
Date.
Run No.
Time
yg N02
T.- Initial Flask Temp, °R
Tf- Final Flask Temp, °R
Vf - Flask Volume, ml.
P.- Initial Flask Pres, "Hg
Pf- Final Flask Pres, "Hg
Ib/scf N02 X/0~S
lb/106Btu N02
/
1200
£-32
90
!io
lOHl
ZM
2
-------
NO EMISSION DATA
A
/
75
Run No.
Time
yg N02
T-- Initial Flask Temp, °R
Tf- Final Flask Temp, °R
V- - Flask Volume, ml.
P^ Initial Flask Pres, "Hg
Pf- Final Flask Pres, "Hg
Ib/scf N02 X/0-4T
1b/106Btu N02
1
\UZ
4o?
90
HO
2072
e.Gk
21, iO
1,53
£.31
?
v.
/£20
•y^^
dot.}
.hbt
0>]>l
3
ISIO
—
V
/5^S
jse
205^3
/,V7
o.il
51
/5JO
^V6
tow
Ml
0,11*
(*
/s.ib"
3V6
ao??
/^f
^2i
^
ISSO
w/
2cl
/O
isssr
V?a
^oxl
-
/.ffj
o.il
Vsc=
/17.71 ^R \
\ in. Hg/
(Vfc)
Tf Ti
. scf
Vfc = Vf - 25
C = 6.2 x 10"5 Ib/scf
ug/ml
N02 ^ = Ib/scf N02
Vsc
-182-
-------
PARTICIPATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
w.«s I, *, 3
Jest: Siot - Bo'tlffr * | Date: #//.$
Material collected (mg)
Filter Catch =
Dry Catch
Acetone Wash
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test: Boiler*! -k*eltrtf>Hi l,2,a
Date:
Stack Velocity Vs = 85.48 x C fls x P
85.48 x (0.%(s> )
/O257?x
fls x P avgl
Lps * Mww J
-]'"
1/2
Stack Gas Volume Qs = 3600/1- XM "\ (Vs)(A)/Tstd\ / Ps \
\ TOO"/ \jr~7 \Pstd/
3600 l-
fl
L
100
(22.^7?)
539 (2^.37)
29.92
- /, 3 7 3.9* 6 SCFH
, EDS
Stack Emission Rate Cs = 2.205 x IP"6/ Mn \
r"
2.205 x 10~6
?
CE = Cs x QS =
CH - CE * H =
Isokinetic Variations
Ib/scf
Ib/hr
1 = 1.667 ((0.00267) V, + Vm / + AH \]
[ 'c Ti \PB TI^/jTs
.667 (0.
8 V5 Ps An
00267)
530
13.6
(ZZ.SW
Excess Air at Sample Point
EA =
100 x X 0?
(0.266 x %
N2) - % 02
100
-------
Test: $-fA
-------
APPENDIX B
FIELD DATA
-186-
-------
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESS DATA FOR POWER PLANTS
Date
Net Unit Load - MW
Average Steam Load - 10 Ib/hr
Boiler Heat Input
Fuel Burning Rate - Ib/hr
Fuel Heating Value - BTU/lb
Fuel Sulfur Content - %
Fuel Ash Content - %
Fuel Moisture Content %
sln-z/iz
/ O 8 STfc,
3.2S
I0,
-------
ORSAT FIELD DATA
Location
Date 8-
tSVa
Tine
Operator
rc
Comments:
Test
///£
/^V<9
/SJS
SUA •
<1
•
(co2)
Reading 1
/6.&
/?.o
9.o
IQ>$
CO)
Readirtg 2
W2//3.Z
30. (/ 8.£
/
^/.^//^^
-y
/0,y
(CO)
Reading 3
^y:^
3c.£
J/.3
\
0,0
-188-
-------
ossAT FIELD'DATA
Location i-? off
_£
Comments:
Tine
Operator
Test
soVS
/30Q
av*\,
w
-," t-
(CO )
Reading 1
//,£
/o.8
//a
CO)
Reaaing 2
^.^/4^
304/9.1
/ \
i
f,a
(CO)
Reading 3
3o. -g
3G.O
o.t>
-189-
-------
UD
O
re
Run No.
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA I Ambient Temp °F
VERY- IMPORTANT ;~ FILL IN ALL BLANKS !
Location /cw
cwcr
; Read and record at the start of each
test point.
Bar. Press. "Hg 3% 3C
Assumed Moisture "'.
Datc
-------
Point j Clock Dry Gas -' Pitot
; Time Meter CF : In. H?0
i
10
Desired
.i-jjjL..
Counts
o, c 7
• -/
-AAy..
-&J3JL.
c.aB...
....4,0.? —
0,0 f
&.Q.J..
Or if ice AH
In. H20
/.% Ij^ooJ
-------
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET
Date:
7 '•
i *>
Run Number:
Operator: 6?ru''/vv /A/PI
Sample Box No.
Plant:
rw
Location Of Sample Port: ^ / A>l
Impinger Prefilled With 30G ml
Volume Collected HI ml
Silica Gel
Weight After
_g
Weight Before 3OO,C> g
Moisture Weight 3*3,0 Moisture Total
Dry Probe and Cyclone Catch:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results
Probe, Cyclone, Flask
And Front Of Filter
Acetone Wash:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results .
Filter Papers and Dry Filter Particulate
Filter No. Container No. Filter No. Container No.
Filter Particulate
Weight
Total Particulate
Weight
% Moisture By Volume
-192-
-------
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
Date
*////
Plant
S-U
Sample Collected By
Field Data
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume of flask (ml)
Pressure before sampling in. Hg.
Pressure after sampling, in. Hg.
Flask temperature, °F
1260
1
Zo'll
2,U
Mil*
IZO
IZIG
a
^oM
...
l^fS
3
totf
- —
— —
/V2o
Y
2ott
.... .
_„. . .
/V2£
6~
Z02S
. ... . ___
/yjo
d
20 SZ
.„..,
* Flask + valve - 25 ml. for absorbing solution
-193-
-------
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
Date
tint
76"
Plant
Sample Collected By.
Field Data
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume of flask (ml)
Pressure before sampling in. Hg.
Pressure after sampling, in. Hg.
Flask temperature, °F
HIS"
1
Zom
Z.i*<*
2?,30
no
/MO
2.
Z039
/52o
3
^
/S2&
f
1MB
... -
/^"Jo
S
2^>^£
/53J
31
._...
* Flask + valve - 25 ml. for absorbing solution
-194-
-------
Plant
vo
en
PARTICULATH FIELD DATA Ambient Temp °t!
- --3- - ^-
Run \o. Mhd &.?•£ ftv\ '
Location I Boi'ltv- S4t3if£.
Dr-te */U/7r
n <- f ', /I/I '
Operator ^riSCtn*\ //
C Factor
' VERY IMPORTANT - FILL tN ALL BLANKS'
; Read and record at the start of each
test point.
^^ || »
> T J
Bar. Press. "i!g 2*}, oO
Assumed Moisture ?« jOt^>
Heater Box Setting °F
// •'
Probe Tip Dia., In. /%
Probe Length £ ff, a (ASS
Probe Heater Setting
Avg . A P <9,<9(y Avg . .6. H // 7
| Point
. 3-3
|-^j-
.
;
;
i
;
;• —
ClOCk :
tO'.S'O
. . ',£2
_j.i££
"S$
Dry Gas
Meter, CF
1 1 ££>, /£*£
{lbl'%
~
ts,o
fcjl
[{(*%• 3&2<
8 A 3.7 f l
\
|
Pitot
in H20
AP
O.08
O,G&
£>,o%
o>&*... .
l
Orifice AH
in H20
Desired } Actual
/ */ ! ^y
1 V ' i */
Iff '• It 1
1 eJ \ t fJ
(f7 ! Ill
^/y L ii*t
\
;
, - .,.!., ,.,,,.,1 .,.!., },..,,,. ,,.... ,11
Impinger Pump Box
°F Temp. Vacuum ' Temp
In. Hg., °F
Inlet
ISO
JJS_
:OutletGauSc i
: SS 12.5 [305
TO \3t$
'•
;
2iO\ JQ \ \33S
%*JO
'
,. _ _ . ; 1 „
,...!. j
_, .
i (
: 1
- • i \
\ |
I
i i ;
i ••" !" " ;
-^-4 r1^-
! !
1 1
i . _i
i
1 •'
j .
1 t
i i
._,.J _L
. ! . . ..I
Probe Stack : Stack
Temp Press. •' Temp.
°F .! In. Hg... °F
; i
Z2O I SfO ;
3J£ l 5&O J
i ;
.MO .
L
'•53 O
\S*JO ;
'.££_£
i
'•
* i
t
I
;
i i
i
i
to;
,**
-------
c!«
Plant
PARTICIPATE FIELD DATA I Ambient Temp °F
IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS^ :'••" '
• . .Bar. Press. "Hg
Location
Date
JJQI I
tf.y
Read and record at the start of each
test point.
Assumed Moisture %
/£?,
Operator
Sample Bex No.
Meter Box No.
Meter A H'g I
C Factor
c>V£*\ 4 p/A"feJ
Heater Box Setting °F
Probe Tip Dia., In.
Probe Length ^ -Pr <
Probe Heater Setting
Avg. /:. P
Avg..,n
i Point
J&A
.
-••
_.ftJX-
i
\
i <
':
i Clock ; Dry Gas ' Pitot
1 Meter, CF- in H20
• I AP
: i
//'•V# \\l(*$t£83L '• O.O8
'5~o : \noti j &iO&
J_sr^ __;. j u it _i : OtS>£
LSk i U1 i j^ o t^
1 yV ' ^ -M- Ok
/.y '^j^ '. 10 ; 35^
J ' ...j ..;._ _: . !
i i
. _ ._! ! . .L ...J
• ' i • '
! ' ; i
* f
* f
3.V6
~~~ ^$SO~'~
; j$£&
J
!
i
j — ....;
' J ' ! i ;
; i ! i i
~ t i i | !
i 1 i 1 !
t i
! i- - :
!._ <
i ! 1 • j i ;
\ ": 'f ' : ~ '" i i '"' I '
. _ l...- ( • _.! _ i. __j . ..! _ ,L
-------
Plant
--J:
I
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA Ambient Teinp °
J
Ru'i No Zl /»/ ta
Location # f ]^\\f>r
Date £//3 /7S
Operator Gjriitryw
Sample Box Xo.
Meter Box No.
Meter A H :? \»O3^(^
C Factor
tf J VERY IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS
.3
Read and record at the start of each
&TACK • test point.
^ •
^le'^ ! - - - —
[\v\0(fr$g*i. {K^ G \f£#( pl-7 l&l <*>ITlv
> 1
Bar. Press. MHg <^/3^
Assumed Moisture ?5 /£), ,5
Heater Box Setting °F
Probe Tip Din., In. '/£
Probe Length 5 TI, 4/&SS
Probe Heater Setting
Avg . 4 P Avg . . K
I Point
3-3
•
;
,
. cf.£
i
Clock j Dry Gas j Pitot
1 Meter, CF; in H20
! AP
_k_o$ U7(*>£*/o j £,08
;O7 '. iiT$t3 *• dOS
iOf '' i[8&»& \ &tO%
!/( MSI'I &,&&
J /J // f 3y -^ i £<£>#
yi/^ ':ll#StQS2, ; ^•fi'^
.
: ;
; i
! i i i
; ! ! i
' i '• '
--
: i i
> i
; j :. .
: , !
f
s
i ,
Orifice AH • Impinger
in H20 - '. °F Temp.
Desired i Actual : Inlet: Outlet
1
if
J»t
/^ 33 ^
X*?' iJ|AO i i^t y3'5f S3JT
/^ jr j t\ 3 ^j i (9 -^ ^/ *» ^
) ;
i i
i i
j
i ' i
( ;
! i -
! l
-r -f - , '
; >
1 ;
_. ^ — .; .'
; ;
. .
3>5iS" i •• £jO '
3CfO £?O
370 j i ^ff&
i
'•
i ;•
i
t ' ^
' ; '
• ,
! i :
• <
(
... i i
i
. . . - < „. : .. ;
i
I i
_ i-_. ..!.-.._! i _._L_ i :_:.! .." "i ;
1:13-
-------
Date:
8/13 /:
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET
O;
Run Number:
Operator: G>rUtcryv\ /\L\f\ >
Sample Box No.
Plant:
^
3 Location Of Sample Port: **•/
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature
,3o
Impinger H20
Volume After Sampling
Impinger Prefilled With JQQ ml
Volume Collected 5Q> 2 ml
Silica Gel
Weight After J 10.
Weight Before ^~>£.<.
Moisture Weight
Moisture Total (01. 0\
Dry Probe and Cyclone Catch:
Container No.
Extra No. Weight Results
Probe, Cyclone, Flask
And Front Of Filter
Acetone Wash:
Container No.
Extra No. Weight Results */?/ (* g
Filter Papers and Dry Filter Particulate
Filter No. Container No. Filter No. Container No.
Filter Particulate
Weight J?y.?,
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test: S4*a -B»f!er*( Date: IO//(0/7S
Material collected (mg)
Filter Catch
Dry Catch
Acetone Wash
TOTAL
Gas Volume Vmstd = 0.0334/V \/p
v*rAB
0.0334 (X*rt(tfiCfl + 0,SI(0 j , yy,35r
13.6
Volume of water vapor Vw = 0.0474 X Vic
0.0474 ( 5-6 ml) 2,64~V SCF
% Moisture %M = 100 X Vwstd
Vmstd + Vwstd
100 X ( 2
Molecular Weight of dry stack gas
MWD = %C02 X 0.44 + %02 X 0.32 + %N2 X 0.28
( S",C, X 0.44) + (11.2 X 0.32) + (7f,4 X 0.28) = 2<1,
Molecular Weight of stack gas
MWw = 100 - %M X MWn + %n X 18
100 u 100
100 -
100
\ + \ */>&(* X 18 =
j I 100 J
-199-
-------
PARTICIPATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test: S-U* - &o\\er * I Date:
Stack Velocity Vs = 85.48 x Cn fTs x P avgl 1/2
PsxMw
_avg_l
"w J
85.48 x (0.56 ) fW.2 x 0,o^(a "1 1/2 =
L :' J
Stack Gas Volume Qs = 3600(l-
fps
"I- %M \ (Vs)(A)/Tstd\ / Ps \
1W/ \TT~7 \Pstdj
3600 [l- (^C.C> )1(/V.6o) (3570) 530 (e?,
-------
STOICHIOMETRIC
FLOWRATE CALCULATIONS
Boiler #1 10/15/75
Coal Composition mols/100# mols 0? required
C 65.00% * 12 x 1 L 5.417
S 1.04 * 32 x 1 = 0.033
Ho 4.50 *• 2 = 2.25 X 0.5 = 1.125
4 1-0 * 28 = 0.036
Oo 7.94 * 32 = 0.248 x-1 = -0.248
Ash 8.34
Moist 12.18 * 18 = 0.677
Btu 10.390 Btu/lb _______
Theoretical Oo = 6.327 mols
Excess air = 103.3% excess 02 = 6.536
Total 02 = 12.863
N2 = 3.76 x 02 = 48.364
Mols Flue Gas = CO? + S00 + N? + 09 + N9
= 5.417 + 6.033 + 0.836 +^6.536 + 48.364 = 60.386 mols
Flue Gas = 60.386 x 386.7 fi3- = 23,351.3 SCF/100#
@ 29.5 x 103 Ib/hr steam = 29.5 x IP3 x 1015.7 = 36.319 x 106 BTU/hr
0.825
36.319 x 106 T 10390 = 3495.6 Ib/hr coal
3495.6 x-J-x 23,351.3 = 816267 SCFH
1Q0 = 13604 SCFM
-201-
-------
H2S04 MIST and S02 EMISSION DATA
Date
Run No.
Vmc -Meter Volume, Ft3
Vmstd-Meter Volume, Std. Cond.
PB-Barometric Pressure, "Hg
AH-Avg. Orifice Pres. Drop, "H20
Vt-Vol . of Titrant, ml.
Vtb-Vol . of Titrant for Blank, ml.
Vsoln~Vo1- of Solution, ml.
Va-Vol . of Aliquot, Titrated, ml.
Ib/scf H2SD4 xfo" k
'1b/lo6BtuH2S04
Tb-scf S02 X/o"^
lb/106 Btu S02
10//S
I
Kr,S8$
\(*,ni
2f,V8.
0,1
t.n
*;i
aro
\,<*
|,Q8/
2,V
10/iO
1
itKS
U.6>53
2M
0,1
3*6
«.'/
loo
10
J.Sifc
0>oll
I olio
/
».47
Kfl
2ST>
».o
|,207
2,3
\&ko
2
it.W/
\i.1&
2%SI
O.I
4,2
rv,'/
loo
20
/,*/£
0,0 s y
/^/?0
2
^08
H.'/
^^D
/-o
I.?*/
2,y
Vmstd = 0.0334 (Vm) /PR + AH
TFT I T3J
CFm = Meter correction factor
CH.2S04 = /1.08 x TO"4 lb-1 \ (Vt - Vtb) (N)
\ 9-ml /
/VsnlnV Ib/scf
V Va /
N.= 0.01 Normal
Barium
Perchlorate
Vmstd
CS02 =
x 10"5 lb
b-1 }
-rril /
(V -
(N)
= lb/scf
Vmstd
-202-
-------
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESS DATA FOR POWER PLANTS
Da,te
Net Unit Load - MW
Average Steam Load - 10 Ib/hr
Boiler Heat Input lO^flfciAr
Fuel Burning Rate - Ib/hr
Fuel Heating Value - BTU/lb
Fuel Sulfur Content - %
Fuel Ash Content - %
Fuel Moisture Content %
/e//r
Z1.S
36.3
3
/V.ff3
2a /
/733
10390
\.otj
V.3¥
: ii.tS
^0/50 -/
3
-------
ORSAT FIELD DATA
Location
Date
Time
' £»/
er
7/6,
Operator
Coi-ments:
Test
/6//T
1316
I3SV
ie/tu
/3^a
1136
la/LO
lit*
II3S
(CO )
Reading 1
9,2
^,y
5",d,
.5,8
/AS*
;/,fe
Reading 2
l/.o
JO, (e
11*8
9,o
*.f
^,r
(CO)
Reading 3
0.0
0,0
0.0
4, 0
0.0
0.0
-204-
-------
Plant.
Run No..
Location.
1 o //6>
Operator !
Meter AH@,
C Factor
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT-FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of
each test point.
Ambient Temp °F 7O
a
Bar. Press "Hg__JLiiAL
Moisture % Q
Probe Tip Dia., In..
'/«
t*»i
'•ft
No *a
-------
Point
-2
-v
Clock
1 1 \ .v
33O
O
2/j
0,0
,I7S*
O,Cl
335"
240
il
A
COMMENTS:
aoz fr
-------
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET1
Date:
Run Number:
Operator: Gr'i.s/.cw
Sample Box No.
Plant:
Location Of Sample Port: Bo 11 en- T
Barometric Pressure: 2$, (g /
Ambient Temperature
ml
Impinger H20
Volume After Sampling 2
Impinger Prefilled With
Volume Collected *j \ ml
Silica Gel
Weight After SI S.
Weight Before
Moisture Weight JS g Moisture Total
Dry Probe and Cyclone Catch:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results
_g
Probe, Cyclone, Flask
And Front Of Filter
Acetone Wash:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results
Filter. Papers and Dry Filter Particulate
Filter No. Container No. Filter No. Container No.
II .
Filter Particulate
Weight 0,0 81 ^ g
Total Particulate
weight
% Moisture By Volume
-207-
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For
Date /0//5-/7.T
4
Plant
s-f,
Location
Bar. Pressure
Ambient Temp _
Run No /
"Hg
Comments :
.Vff JA, ft*,
7ST
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes
Operator <£,
No
Clock
Time
U-.fs
bos
\,IS
U3S"
h3 t / *%
I \jp *f V
I6K8
1 700, ^S
/7d>3,/^
/ 7o^,7 Vff
Pitot
in. H20
A?
(2103
ao*/
0,0 y
O.oS"
^).oy
aoz
Orifice
in H20
AH
O.I
0,1
O.I
0,1
O.I
0,\
Temperatures Op
Stack
5"Vo
SSO
S(*S
SC.S
S^o
SVO
Probe
^r
£7*
276'
Z7S
375
27^
-Coil-
OVCA
/^
83
/*«
170
178
170
Impinger
In
/OS
U5
30
*y
/3o
/24
Out
70
6,1
6,3
4,3
i
6.6
Comments:
7-3
Ar
*u
-208-
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For
Date \0/IG/7S
Plant
S£3
Location 60 tier
Bar. Pressure
Ambient Temp
Run No
Comments : 2 9» STO S" j K ,
75
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes
Operator G>r \
No
e I
Clock
Time
li;/o-
11:20
/mo
)/;*>
i
| i a too
/Z.'JO
Meter
(Ft.3)
i7*3,
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For
Date lO/ZO
Plant
Bar. Pressure
Ambient Temp
Run No ;
'Hg
Location
Comments
I po< ler
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes
No
Operator O»r<.styw\
Clock
Time
I2JAS
ie;^
IliJSS
i ;as
HtS
I
.
Meter
(Ft.3)
I7*>.3*(.
nw,f
/*00. 7
jjo3,i
IMS'* I
/«D7,3
.1*61,186
Pitot
in. H20
AP
O,O I
o.of
0,032"
0,0 3 S
O.o«
0,03
Orifice
in H20
AH
O.I
O.I
O.I
O.I
O.I
OJ
Temperatures °F
Stack
SOS
S70
5^0
$&
$10
S(*6
Probe
^74r
£73
210
£10
29S"
3o$
Coil
ISO
ISS
ISS
Impinger
In
/to
/zs*
130
its
ILO
iZO
Out
<»1
(*S
<*s
(.S
LS
LI
Comments:
-210-
-------
SOURCE TEST REPORT
GENERAL MOTORS ASSEMBLY DIVISION
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI
BOILER NO. 2
TESTED BY: ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL
R.W. Griscorn
O.C. Klein
F.E. Littman
-211-
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1.0 SUMMARY 215
2.0 INTRODUCTION 216
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 217
4.0 PROCESS OPERATION 218
5.0 SOURCE TEST DESCRIPTION 219
6.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 222
6.1 PARTICULATE MATTER 222
6.2 NITROGEN OXIDE 225
6.3 SULFURIC ACID MIST AND SULFUR DIOXIDE 225
6.4 PARTICLE SIZE 228
7.0 RESULTS 231
8.0 DISCUSSION 236
APPENDIX A: PARTICULATE CALCULATIONS 239
APPENDIX B: FIELD DATA 252
-212-
-------
TABLES
PAGE
TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF RESULTS 232
TABLE 2 PARTICLE SIZE,DISTRIBUTION 233
TABLE 3 HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS 235
TABLE 4 COMPARISON OF FLOW RATE DETERMINATIONS 237
-213-
-------
FIGURES
PAGE
FIGURE 1 SAMPLING LOCATION FOR BOILER NO. 2
220
FIGURE 2 OPERATOR POSITIONING SAMPLING UNIT AT TEST LOCATION 221
FIGURE 3 SUPPORTING STRUCTURE FOR SAMPLING EQUIPMENT
221
FIGURE 4 OPERATOR DETERMINING STACK GAS COMPOSITION WITH
ORSAT APPARATUS
223
FIGURE 5 PARTICULATE SAMPLING TRAIN
224
FIGURE 6 OPERATOR EVACUATING FLASK FOR NITROGEN OXIDES TESTING 226
FIGURE 7 OPERATOR FILLING EVACUATED FLASK WITH STACK GAS SAMPLE 226
FIGURE 8 SULFURIC ACID MIST SAMPLING TRAIN
FIGURE 9 SAMPLING UNIT WITH ANDERSEN SAMPLER IN OVEN
227
229
FIGURE 10 ANDERSEN STACK SAMPLER
230
FIGURE 11 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION/BOILER 2
234
-214-
-------
1.0 SUMMARY
In conjunction with the RAPS project, a limited stack testing pro-
gram is being conducted. This report details the results obtained on
boiler no. 2 at the General Motors Assembly Plant in St. Louis, Missouri.
The stack testing included the following pollutants: S02 (sulfur dioxide),
particulates, NOX (nitrogen oxides), h^SO^ (sulfuric acid mist) and hydro-
carbons. Orsat analysis for COg (carbon monoxide), and CL (oxygen) were also
performed. Results of these tests are included in this report. Although
these tests were not conducted to ascertain compliance with St. Louis stan-
dards, it is of interest that the particulate emissions are within the lim-
its. The SOp emissions standards are not applicable for this time of the
year, nor for an individual boiler in an installation.
We acknowledge and appreciate the excellent cooperation we obtained from
the engineering department and the power plant personnel at General Motors.
-215-
-------
2.0 INTRODUCTION
The current stack testing program is being conducted in conjunction
with the emission inventory work for the St. Louis RAPS project. The
emission inventory is being compiled using published emission factors.
The -stack testing is being conducted to evaluate the emission factors and
to gather information for additional emission factors.
This stack test was conducted at the General Motors Assembly Plant
in St. Louis, Missouri. Testing was performed on boiler no. 2 on 8,9 and 10
September 1975.
Boiler no. 2 is a coal-fired, 80,000 pounds per hour steam generating
unit. The unit is equipped with a cyclone, mechanical precipitator. This
boiler was sampled for total particulates, particle size, N0», S02, H2SO,
C02 and 02-
-216-
-------
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Boiler no. 2 was built by Union Iron Works and was installed in
November 1952. It is equipped with a gravity fed spreader stoker.
Steam pressure is maintained at approximately 165 psi. The firing
;
rate is controlled to match the demands of the assembly plant. At
shift changes the load drops off 20-25% for an hour or two. The ca-
pacity of this boiler is rated at 80,000 pounds of steam per hour.
This boiler is equipped with a Western Precipitation Multi-cyclone
mechanical precipitator rated at 98% efficiency. Boiler no. 2 is an
induced draft unit and uses a common stack with boilers 1, 3, and 4.
The stack is of brick construction and is 225 feet tall and 13 feet
inside diameter at the top.
This boiler and no. 4 boiler are equipped with caustic scrubbers
for removing SOp. These scrubbing units are in operation from October
through March for compliance with the local St. Louis standards.
-217-
-------
4.0 PROCESS OPERATION
Boiler no. 2 was tested 8 September to 10 September. During the
testing period the boiler load remained fairly constant. Because of
shift change, the load started to decrease between 2 and 2:30 PM. Test-
ing was generally completed prior to 2 PM. Ashes were pulled on the boiler
at approximately 11:30 AM and 1:30 PM each day.
-218-
-------
5.0 SOURCE TEST DESCRIPTION
Boiler no. 2 was tested in the ductwork between the boiler and the
stack and ahead of the takeoff for the SOp scrubber. The sampling lo-
cation and testing arrangement are illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
The duct at this point is 49 inches wide by 5 feet high. This lo-
cation was between four and five diameters from the last bend in the
duct. In accordance with EPA Standard Method 1, thirty-two sampling
points were chosen, eight at each of four sampling ports. General
Motors already had four, 3-inch pipe couplings installed for use as
sampling ports.
-219-
-------
PLAN VIEW
FROM
BOILER 1
SULPHUR DIOXIDE
SCRUBBER
FROM
BOILER 4
ELEVATION
o
o
o
o
_~ v I 5P91
BOILER 3
FAN
BOILER 2
AND PRECIPITATOR
FIGURE 1 SAMPLING LOCATION FOR BOILER 2
-220-
-------
FIGURE 2
OPERATOR POSITIONING SAMPLING UNIT AT TEST LOCATION
FIGURE 3
SUPPORTING STRUCTURE FOR SAMPLING EQUIPMENT
-221-
-------
6.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
All testing was performed with sampling equipment from Joy Manu-
facturing, designed for isokinetic sampling to enable testing by EPA
standard methods.
Gas flow rates were calculated using the observed gas temperature,
molecular weight, pressure and velocity, and the flow area. The gas
velocity was calculated from gas velocity head measurements made with
an S-type pi tot tube and a magnehelic pressure gauge, using standard
method 2.
Moisture contents were determined by passing a measured amount of
gas through chilled impingers containing a known volume of deionized
water, measuring the increase in volume of the impingers liquid and the
increase in weight of silica gel used to finally dry the gas, and cal-
culating the amount of water vapor in the sample from this increase and
the measured amount of gas.
f
The stack gas concentrations of COp, oxygen, CO, and nitrogen by dif-
ference were measured with a standard Orsat apparatus. This method is shown
in Figure 4. These concentrations and the moisture content were used to de-
termine molecular weight of the stack gas.
5.1 PARTICULATE MATTER
Standard method 5 was used for determining particulate emissions with
the exception that the probe and oven were operated at 300-350° °F. Measured
stack gas samples were taken under isokinetic conditions. The samples were
passed through a cyclone, fiberglass filter, impingers, pump, a meter and an
orifice as shown in Figure 5.
The total particulate matter collected in each test was the sum of the
filter catch plus material collected ahead of the filter in the sampling train.
The amount of filter catch is determined by the difference in the weight of
the filter before and after the test, after dessicating. The particulate mat-
ter from other portions of the train was determined by rinsing the probe,
cyclone and all glassware ahead of the filter with acetone, evaporating to
dryness and weighing.
-222-
-------
•x "5~'tf
V^J --. ^
FIGURE 4
OPERATOR DETERMINING STACK GAS COMPOSITION
WITH ORSAT APPARATUS
-223-
-------
STACK
WALL
FILTER
HOLDER
REVERSE-
TYPE
PITOT TUBE
ORIFICE
GAUGE
CHECK
VALVE
HEATED
PROBE
VELOCITY
PRESSURE
GAUGE
FINE CONTROL
VALVE
VACUUM
LINE
FIGURE 5
PARTICULATE SAMPLING TRAIN
-224-
-------
6.2 NITROGEN OXIDE
Using method 7, gas samples were withdrawn from the stack into evac-
uated 2-liter flasks containing a dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide and
sulfuric acid. The hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the lower oxides of nitrogen
(except nitrous oxide) to nitric acid. The resultant solution is evaporated
to dryness and treated with ohenol disulfonic acid reagent and ammonium hy-
droxide. The yellow trialkali salt of 6-nitro-l-phenol-2, 4-disulfonic acid
is formed, which is measured colorimetrically. The field procedure is shown
in Figures 6 and 7.
6.3 SULFURIC ACID MIST AND SULFUR DIOXIDE
The Shell method was chosen for this determination due to uncertainties
which exist about the validity of the results using method 8> A gas sam-
ple is drawn from the stack using a heated probe and passed through a water-
cooled, coil condenser maintained below the dew point of sulfuric acid at
140°-194°F, followed by a fritted glass plate and then passed through a chilled
impinger train with two impingers containing an isopropanol and hydrogen
peroxide mixture and followed by an impinger containing silica gel for drying.
This setup is shown in Figure 8. \
The condensed sulfuric acid mist in the coil condenser is water washed
from the condenser. The final determination is made by titrating the solu-
tion with barium chloride, using a thorin indicator. Isopropanol must be
added to the solution to be titrated to improve the rapidity with which the
barium sulfate precipitates during titration.
Sulfur dioxide in the gas sample is oxidized to sulfur trioxide in the
impingers containing the hydrogen peroxide. Sulfur dioxide is then determined
by titrating the hydrogen peroxide solution with barium chloride, using a
thorin indicator.
*Lisle, E.S. and J.D. Sensenbaugh, "The Determination of Sulfur Trioxide and
Acid Dew Point in Flue Gases," Combustion, Jan.1965.
Goksoyr, H. and K. Ross, "The Determination of Sulfur Trioxide in Flue Gases,"
J. Inst. Fuel, No. 35, 177, (1962)
-225-
-------
FIGURE 6
OPERATOR EVACUATING FLASK FOR NITROGEN OXIDES TESTING
FIGURE 7
OPERATOR FILLING EVACUATED FLASK WITH STACK GAS SAMPLE
-226-
-------
STACK
WALL
CHECK
VALVE
REVERSE-
TYPE
PITOT TUBE
VELOCITY
PRESSURE
GAUGE
FINE CONTROL
VALVE
VACUUM
LINE
ORIFICE
GAUGE
FIGURE 8
SULFURIC ACID MIST SAMPLING TRAIN
-227-
-------
6.4 PARTICLE SIZE
An Andersen fractionating inertia! impactor is used for the deter-
mination of particle size in the range of approximately 0.5 to 10.0 mi-
crons. The sampling head is placed in the oven after the heated sampling
probe and a sample of stack gas is drawn isokinetically through the sam-
pler. The particulate matter is fractionated and collected on the plates
inside the sample head and a determination is made by the difference in
weight of the plates before and after testing. Results are expressed
for particles of unit density. The sampling arrangement is shown in Fig-
ure 9. The sampling head assembly is shown in Figure 10.
6.5 HYDROCARBONS
Gas samples were withdrawn from the stack using a vacuum pump to fill
Tedlar bags. The composition of the hydrocarbons was determined by gas
chromatograph.
-228-
-------
FIGURE 9
SAMPLING UNIT WITH ANDERSEN SAMPLER IN OVEN
-229-
-------
AIR FLOW
FIGURE 10
ANDERSEN STACK SAMPLER
-230-
-------
7.0 RESULTS
The results obtained from this test are summarized in Table 1 . As
explained in the following discussion, the pollutant emissions are based
on calculated, rather than measured, flow rates. Although these tests
were performed for research purposes and not as part of compliance pro-
cedures, standard EPA methods were used. Due to the seasonal nature of
the local SCL regulations the only applicable standard is for particulates.
It is of interest to note that this boiler is within the standard: 0.28 lb/
106 Btu compared to the standard of 0.40 lb/106 Btu.
In addition to measuring particulate loadings, a particle size analy-
sis was made using an Andersen impactor. The results are shown in Table 2
and Figure 11.
The results of two samples taken on 8 September for hydrocarbons were:
Carbon Monoxide: ' 26.80 and 23.04 ppm
Methane: 0.23 and 0.25 ppm
•\ Total Hydrocarbons, as CH4: 1.31 and 2.30 ppm
The major components of several hydrocarbon samples taken on 8 and 9
September are given in Table 3.
-231-
-------
TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Date
Stack Flow Rate - SCFM * dry
% Water Vapor - % Vol .
% C02 - Vol % dry
% 0 - Vol % dry
% Excess air @ sampling point
S02 Emissions - lbs/106 Btu
NOX Emissions - lbs/106 Btu
H2S04 Mist - lbs/106 Btu
Participates
Probe, Cyclone, & Filter Catch
Ibs./hr.
lbs/106 Btu
Total Catch
Ibs./nr.
lbs/106 Btu
% Isokinetic Sampling
9/8
27,041
8.34
11.16
8.37
64.2
0.49
20.41
0.25
119.3
9/9
26,633
7.38
10.65
9.25
76.72
5.81
0.48
0.19
20.03
0.24
110.8
9/10
26,633
6.14
0.16
r
,
*70° F, 29.92" Hg
-232-
-------
TABLE 2
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Test: GM-Andersen #1
Oven Temperature = 300 F
Date: 9/10
Plate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Backup
Total
Test:
Plate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Backup
Filter Net (mg)
1.1
1.7
3.5
4.7
4.6
4.6
3.5
5.3
Filter 48.0
77.0
GM-Andersen #2
Oven Temperature = 370. 9°F
Filter Net (mg)
1.2
: 1.4
3.3
5.3
4.8
4.5
3.2
3.8
Filter 22.8
% Of Total
1.43
2.21
4.55
6.10
5.97
5.97
4.55
6.88
62.34
100.00
Date:
% Of Total
2.39
2.78
6.56
10.54
9.54
8.95
6.36
7.55
45.33
ECD (Microns)
16.8
10.7
7.1
4.9
3.1
1.6
0.99
0.66
<0.66
9/11
ECD (Microns)
17.3
10.9
7.3
5.0
3.2
1.7
1.0
0.68
<0.68
Total
50.3
100.00
-233-
-------
of total
60
Run 1
Run 2
50
40
30
20
10
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 76 54 3 ? 1 0
ECD(Microns)
FIGURE 11
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
GENERAL MOTORS
BOILER 2
-234-
-------
TABLE 3
HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS
(Concentrations in ppb as Carbon)
Compound
9/8 9/8 9/9 9/9
Ethane-Ethylene 51.7 70.7 48.0 70.3
Acetylene 15.8 29.7 33.7 25.1
Propylene ' 3.1 7.1 1.7
Propane 29.3 20.2 22.1 33.7
Isobutane 20.3 14.8 25.6
1-Butene & Isobutylene 52.1 29.9
Butane 62.4 72.0 16.9 21.5
Pentane 2.1 9.1 7.4 22.3
Isopentane 6.7 9.2 4.3 21.5
Hexane 52.1 31.7 136.7 95.2
Benzene & 2,4-Dimethyl Pentane 66.3 53.5 14.6 18.7
1-Methylcyclopentane & 2M-C3-Hexane 21.2 37.9
Toluene 143.4 62.6 76.5 115.3
Ethyl Benzene 58.7 65.2 83.1 100.1
Meta, Para-Xylene - 130.3 141.8 182.6 180.4
Ortho-Xylene 29.3 30.4 38.4 40.9
-235-
-------
3.0 DISCUSSION
Flow determinations were made in accordance with EPA Standard Method
2, using an S-type pi tot tube. This method gives correct results as long
as the pitot tube is positioned normally to the flow of gases. This is
no problem as long as the flow of gases is laminar and parallel to the
walls of the duct. However, if the flow is turbulent or vortex-type, the
readings obtained are incorrect, with a positive bias (too high). The ex-
istence of a turbulent condition can be ascertained by turning the pitot
tube 90° on its axis. A zero reading should then result. If no zero read-
ing is obtained, the results are open to question.
In the duct being tested, the existence of turbulence was evident by
the fact that a zero reading was not obtained with a 90° rotation of the
probe.
Under conditions when satisfactory flow measurements cannot be obtained,
a stoichiometric calculation of flow rates can be made, based on fuel consump-
tion, fuel composition, combustion rate and excess air. As a check on the cor-
rectness of the assumption, the mass flow of SO* can be calculated based on gas
flow and SO^ concentration on one hand, and fuel consumption and sulfur analy-
sis on the other. The conversion of sulfur in coal to S0« is straightforward
and occurs with 95% efficiency.
To determine the amount of coal consumed and Btu input, coal scale
readings were checked against the actual steam production. This ratio was
also compared with a ratio determined by power plant supervision over sev-
eral previous months. On 10 September the coal scale readings averaged
7314 Ibs/hour and the steam flow averaged 66,910 pounds of steam per hour.
This gives a ratio of 9.15 pounds of steam per pound of coal. The ratio
used by plant supervision is 9.3. Since these two ratios are so close, the
ratio of 9.3 determined by plant supervision was the one used for all de-
terminations of coal consumption during the test.
Table 4 shows the comparison of the results obtained by the two methods.
-236-
-------
TABLE 4
COMPARISON OF FLOW RATE DETERMINATIONS
Date
9/8
9/9
9/10
FLOW RATE, SCFH
Measured Calculated
1,622,490
1,598,005
1,403,921
1,434,847
1,396,329
S00 (Ibs/hr) Based On
L. ' "" - "- - • "~ """'" """'" —-——•»— •
AP-42* Calculated
Flow
478.5
480.0
472.0
501.3
Avg. Measured
Flow
545.9
578.1
-j
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, EPA Publ. No. AP-42
-237-
-------
STOICHIOMETRIC
FLOWRATE CALCULATIONS
BOILER #2
Coal Composition
Moisture 7.71%
Ash 10.895
S 3.465 T 32 = 0.108 x 1 = 0.108
C 62.0 T 12 = 5.167 x 1 = 5.167
H2 5.0 T 2 = 2.500 x 5 = 1.25
N2 1.0 v 28 = 0.036
02 9.9 T 32 = 0.309 x-1 =-0.309
6.216
@ 70.46% Excess Air 4.380
10.596
N2 = 3.76 x 02 = 39.840
Mols Flue Gas = C02 + S02 + N2 + EA + N2 =
5.167 + 0.108 + 0.036 + 4.38 + 39.84 = 49.53 mols/100#
On 9/9 7268.8 Ib/hr coal during S02 test 49.53 x 386.7 x 72.688 =
1,392,211.5 SCFH
On 9/9 7491.4 Ib/hr coal during particulate test 49.53 x 386.7 x 74.914
1,434,846.6 SCFH
9/8 7329.9 Ib/hr 1,403,921.1 SCFH
9/9 1,434,846.6 SCFH Part.
1,392,211.5 SCFH S02
9/10 1,396,329.4 SCFH S02
1,363,385.8 SCFH Andersen
-238-
-------
APPENDIX A
PARTICIPATE CALCULATIONS
-239-
-------
PARTICIPATE CALCULATIONS
Volume of dry gas sampled at standard conditions - 70° F. 29.92 "Hg
Vrast°
\ / \
Vm.Wpp AH \
1.021)1 13.6 /
A /
Vmstd = Volume of dry gas sampled at standard conditions, ft
3
Vm = Meter volume sampled, ft
1 .021 = Meter correction factor
Pm = Meter pressure, barometric pressure, PB> plus orifice
pressure, AH, in. Hg.
Pstd - Standard pressure, 29.92 in. Hg.
Tstd = Standard temperature, 530° R or 70° F
Tm = Meter temperature, 530° R for compensated meter
CFm = Meter correction factor
Volume of water vapor at standard conditions
Vw=Vi / £lJ20\ A Tstd\ 1b. . 0.0474
vw V]c I MH£0 )( Pstd I 454 gm.
\
**
Vw = Volume of water vapor at standard conditions, ft
VT = Volume of liquid collected in impingers and silica gel, ml
pH20 = Density of water, Ig/ml.
M H20 = Molecular weight of water, 18 Ib/lb mol
R = Ideal gas constant, 21.83 in. Hg. - cu. ft./lb-mol - °R
% Moisture in Stack Gas
Vw std
% M = 100 x
Vwstd
-240-
-------
Average molecular weight of dry stack gas
Molecular weight of stack gas
* »'
Stack velocity at stack conditions
v - 85 48 x C /Ts x AP avg. \ I/
- bb.4B x L i /
V = stack velocity, fps.
85.48 - pitot constant,
1b. . oR
C = pitot coefficient, dimension! ess
T = average stack temperature, °R
P = stack pressure, barometric pressure plus static pressure, in. Hg.
AP Avg = average differential pressure, in. ^0
Stack gas volume at standard conditions
Tstd. Ps \
n ocnnT %M \M
Qs = 3600^1- TW)V
Q = stack gas volume flow rate, SCF/hr
2
A = stack cross sectional area, ft
3600 = seconds per hour
QS> = Q i 60 = SCFM
-241-
-------
Per cent isokinetic sampling
I =
= 1.667 [(0.00267) Vlc + ^£ /Pg + AH\| T
I 'm \ i j. o yj
9 Vs Ps An
I = per cent isokinetic sampling
1.667 = minutes per second, X 100
0.00267 . „ „ x
© = sampling time, min.
A^ = cross sectional area of sampling nozzle, ft
Particulate emission
Cs = 2.205 X 10"6
C = particulate emission, Ib/scf
2.205 X 10 = pounds per mg.
Mn = total mass of particulate collected, mg.
CE = C$ X Qs = Ib/hr
Cr = particulate emission per hour
CH = CE 7 H
CH = particulate emission, Ib. per million BTU
H = heat input, million BTU per hour
-242-
-------
Excess air at sample point
% EA = TOO X % 02
(0.266 X % N) - %
% EA = excess air at sample point, %
0.266 = ratio of oxygen to nitrogen in air by volume
-243-
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test: 3/r, 2 - R"-" I Date:
-------
PARTICIPATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test:' Blr. 2 -Run I
Stack Velocity Vs = 85.48 x C ["is x P avg] 1/2
Date: 9/S/75
85.48 x (0,9-ST )
["is x P avg]
LPs * M\ J
1 i
J
Stack Gas Volume Qs = 36001- XM \ (Vs)(A)/Tstd\ /
100/ \jr~7 ^
3600
100
\
(3*847)
Ps \
530 (30. 13) = /, ^^
29.92
Stack Emission Rate Cs = 2.205 x 10~6/ Mn
VMstd/,
2.205 x 10-6 (
Ib/scf
CE = Cs x QS =
CH = CE v H =
Ib/hr
Btu
Isokinetic Variations I = 1.667
(0.00267) Vn + Vm / +
1c T¥ \PB
AH
1.667
e vs PS An
(0.00267) (8S.8 ) +
530
13.6
(30.13)
% EA = 100 x % 02
(0.266 x % N2) - % 02
v..
100 (
10.266x34^7) - (^
-------
PARTICIPATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test: Blr. 2 -"Run 2 Date: ?/?/7S"
Material collected (mg)
Filter Catch = /3O. 3
Dry Catch =
Acetone Wash = 138» 9
TOTAL = 26?»/
Gas Volume Vmstd = 0.0334/Vm yp +
I 7r—'* ^
\ ^
Volume of water vapor Vw = 0.0474 X Vic
0.0474 ( ?/,V ml) = 3,38£ SCF
% Moisture %M - 100 X Vwstd
Vmstd + Vwstd
100 X ( 3,3£S) a "73S «
Molecular Weight of dry stack gas
MWD = %C02 X 0.44 + %02 X 0.32 + %N2 X 0.28
0.44) + (f.2^X 0.32) + (80.1 X 0.28) = 30,07
Mlecul ar Weight of stack gas
MWw = 100 - %M X MWn + XH X 18
100 u 100
X 18
100 100
-246-
]
1
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test: B\t%2 -
Stack Velocity Vs = 85.48 x C_ Ts x P
Date:
fTs x P avgl
|_PsxMww J
1/2
85.48 x (O.8S" )
36.1
/2 =
Stack Gas Volume Qs = 36001- %M (Vs)(A)/Tstd\ / Ps \
\ 100/ \Ts ) \Pstd/
3600 l-
fl
L
100
530
29.92
Stack Emission Rate Cs = 2.205 x IP"6/ Mn
'6
2.205 x ID
CE = Cs x Qs =
(g&fJ)
c^.^-// )
• \ VMstd
J,3%X/0~S Ib/scf
CH = CE v H = ( 2Q«03) = O.2*/
lb/106 Btu
ib/hr
Isokinetic Variations I = 1.667
(0.
00267) V^ + Vrn / + AH \]
c Tm \PB 13.6/jT
.667 I (0.
L
6 VS Ps An
00267)
^/WfjO./^ + Q^0\ \( 8T6
530 V 13.6 /J
Excess Air at Sample Point
EA = 100 x % 02
(0.266 x % N2) - % 02
100
-------
STOICIOMETRIC
FLOWRATE CALCULATIONS
Boiler #2
Coal Composition Mols/100# Mols 02 required
Moisture 7.71%
Ash 10.895
S 3.465
C 62.0
H9 5.0
^ 1.0
Oo 9.9
T 32 =
* 12 =
* 2 =
* 28 =
* 32 =
0.108 x 1
5.167 x 1
2.500 x .5
0.036
0.309 x -1
= 0.108
= 5.167
= 1.25
= -0.309
6.216
4.380
10.596
= 39.840
@ 70.46% Excess air
N2 = 3.76 x 02
Mols Flue Gas = COo + SO- + N0 + EA + N2 =
5.T67 + 6.108H- 0.036 + 4.38 + 39.84 = 49.53 mols/100#
on 9/9 7268.8 Ib/hr coal during S02 test
49.53 x 386.7 x 72.688 = 1,392,211.5 SCFH
on 9/9 7491.4 Ib/hr coal during particulate test
49.53 X 386.7 x 74.914 = 1,434,846.6 SCFH
-248-
-------
NO EMISSION DATA
/\
Date.
Ms
Run No.
Time
ug N02
T.- Initial Flask Temp, °F
T-- Final Flask Temp, °F
V- - Flask Volume, ml.
Pr Initial Flask Pres, "Hg
Pf- Final Flask Pres, "Hg
Ib/scf N02 XJO"5'
lb/106Btu N02
/
I/SO
*b£
10
95-
2O^1
2,S
30. H*
2m
•O/ST
2
IZCQ
8LS
<)o
o,W
Vsc= 17.71
in. Hg,
(Vfc) [JjL - A.) = scf
Tf Ti
Vfc - Vf - 25
C = 6.2 x 10"5 Ib/scf
yg/ml
N02 \ = Ib/scf
Vsc
-249-
-------
NO EMISSION DATA
A
Date.
Run No.
Time
V9 N02
Tr Initial Flask Temp, °F
Tf- Final Flask Temp, °F
Vf - Flask Volume, ml.
P^ Initial Flask Pres, "Hg
Pf- Final Flask Pres, "Hg
lb/scfN02 x|0-«
lb/106Btu N02
/
09/0
?7o
90
15
ZOH1
l.S
30,l(*
3.&
O.St
2
0%
7/o
to
<&
263?
2.S
30. /(c
2.V5
^.^2
-/
/^)/0
7^^)
^
^^
2o2S>
2.S
3O./6,
2,^3
0,*/ff
5
/oyo
760
^0
^5
20&S
23
30.11*
l.M
0.1S
&
IQ
760
f 0
f^
2osi
2.S
30.11,
2,<*o
0,13
8
WS
760
to
is
2C&
I.S-
J6.lt.
Z.(,o-
5*Vi".
Vsc=
/17.71 ^R \
\ in. Hg/
(Vfc)
= scf
Vfc - Vf - 25
"5
C - 6.2 x 10" Ib/scf yg N02 \ - Ib/scf N02
-250-
-------
H2S04 MIST and S02 EMISSION DATA
Date
Run No.
Vmc-Meter Volume, Ft3
Vmstd-Meter Volume, Std. Cond.
PB-Barometric Pressure, "Hg
AH-Avg. Orifice Pres. Drop, "1^0
Vt-Vol . of Titrant, ml.
Vtb -Vol. of Titrant for Blank, ml.
Vsoln-Vol. of Solution, ml.
Va-Vol. of Aliquot, Titrated, ml.
Ib/scf H2S04 •*IQ~(f>
1b/106 Btu H2S04
Ib-SCf S02 , y|Q-*
lb/106 Btu S02
?/?
i
r$i3
7,S(*5
30, It
0,1
*4
K\l
loo
10
11,00
O.il
9/?
,2.
(*,*)
K.'l
100
10
1,li
O.llf
4/1
1*1
H.13(*
)H,S3(*
30,11
O.I
nw
»;/
2 so
/
3,3?
&€l
1/i '0
1
10, 33^
ID,27(*
308
n.1/
too
la
10. 20
o,n
9//o
2
w?
2.131
30,^
0,1
fr,g
m'/
too
to
2,21
o.ii
3,5^
b,l4
9//o
/^_
n.iss
11,207
30,61
0,1
*1.&
n//
230
/
i
f
ii
Vmstd = 0.0334 (Vm)
/PB + AH \
V 13.6/
CFm = Meter correction factor
CH2S04 =/1.08 x 10-4 lb-1
•('•
- vtb) (1)
fVsolnV lb/scf
\ Va /
N.= 0.01 Normal
Barium
Perch!orate
Vmstd
CS02 =(7.05 x 10"5 lb-1 \ (Vt - Vtb) (II)
= lb/scf
Vmstd
-251-
-------
APPENDIX B
FIELD DATA
-252-
-------
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESS DATA FOR POWER PLANTS
Date
Net Unit Load - MW
Average Steam Load - 10 Ib/hr
Boiler Heat Input xiO^QlU/b
Fuel Burning Rate - Ib/hr
Fuel Heating Value - BTU/lb
Fuel Sulfur Content - %
Fuel Ash Content - %
Fuel Moisture Content %
1/8
•f
S2.o
1
11187
3MS
/& W
7,7!
9/9
•
«4,*/»/*3
9/10
*/' <• /n u
£2,0
70
70
\\'.
70
xill87: W« 8
9,'30
to\ao
10', 30
I,
l',00
70
7l
43
>t*. /-
k?
or
Z',00
6V
-253-
-------
ORSAT FIELD DATA
Location
Date
Time
t*er*
Operator
Test
-------
Plant <3MA£>
Run No.
Location
Date
Operator
1
*2 Bon.64
°il?hs
•
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of each
test point ,
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
Meter A H@ I»O2JL
-
tn
& .v
C Factor
Point
M
hi
i~y
j-^S
1-4
*-7
I-*
o£C
2-1
2^
i~H
Z-S
?-(o
•\ ">
2 I
Clock
fo',3 7
/0,**/0
/I I/O
//'•'3
ji;/6
N:tf
lint
II'. IS
iutt
.Jim.
i/,vtf
u;oo
p;oi
. -n •/}£,
Dry Gas
Meter, CF
/2/1?, Vfo
U22
12? fr
/U7.S
Htft'l
li^>o, &
/2iZ. ^
/2J3»^
/23S.Q
Ii31,y
Il3i
&•*/
Q'&l
9'S
o,s
@*2S
VI JS
a.tf
O./V
0, if
0.12
Vi3J
Orifice AH
in H20
Desired
/•V
O.y<£
0«>£S
Ot£S
JT\ Ajff
QtfaS
0,<>$
0/2^
jffi A f V
a i
O./4
O'*i&
&>&?
Actual
/•/I
/,?
7o
65^
^S"
6,6
4,^
^^) ^j
^p ^0
75"
1 72
72.
72
73
72
72
Pump
Vacuum
In. Hg.
Gauge
V.0
6^
Box
Temp
°F
310
3JS
130
3/S"
^-330
3S<9
3\so
36~o
3VO
330
33S
^>35"
3fO
3Y6
3Y-5"
36"0
Probe
Temp
Op
310
MO
3>OO .-•
33O
33-T
370
3^0
3/o
3/S
32O
335"
33-ST
3VJ
3-y^r ••--
36.5"
3.S-0
Stack
Press.
In. Hg-
-o.V
^^-*^^ fc 1 III^^^N^^^^^
Stack
Temp.
op
3fc
*/20
ti^O
yyo
Wo
4^35"
*f/O
44o
-3/O
yzo
*J3O
430
*J4O
tfi/O
V3S-
-------
I
ro
en
: Point
l_3dL_I
Clock ! Dry Gas
Meter. CF
3-J : I2:
" " "
!_i-.4_ J JU381
i...3-7__j_J.t;i/L_
._3-8_ i 12^1 _
; o|| L-iiiy.7_.
i 4*2
/JO?
4-4 ; /!/(.
j_S#_Uli*£__
_!_._.
!&(*.!
, S
Pitot
In. 1120 j In. H20
OrificeAH I Impingcr °F i Pump
Temp
Desired
Vacuum
In. Hg
Actual! Inlet Outlet j Gauge
"0" | Probe
Teiiip j Temp
op I op
! Stack I Stack
j Press.i Temp
In. Hg
op
Jfiji
&*.*_
(9,3 "
*!T /„*• J _ J _
0, 3
_i^70_l
J_10_..
J i J
^35; \_2jo T _ ! Jto
M5j_lii_j ll^
J_3J
Of I
O.I
! 20,_
.J^LP_.L2.o__
j5iL_i 4___
^L'_270 _!
a751 ! 2?o i
~"
_ |
.L. 2.°P_!
O.V5 2.70 T
^'^": j
roii£Ti7jL.ri^
7i
™.t-
33 ST
: i
1 L
33ST
—
._3.2£
_3sSO._
M ,_ I ^h
_J_
-t—
.J_
Conmcnts
»
'
-------
I
ro
Plant G>MAD
Run No.
Location
Date
Operator
2
2 So/*sg/t
9 /7 ITS
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
Meter A H@ J, o l(* _
C Factor
Point
H
l-l
M
j.y
1-5
\-L
\-%
Off
2-1
L'i
2-i
7> £/ b
9:tf9
9;S2
Q * C"~i^"
$'.$8
lOiOJi
•-:*?
Dry Gas
Meter, CF
\Z^,270
/^6>i"^
/ fc. ^> V>« / S-5
- / *c (^ Q * 1
11(05. tf
72.70,7
Hi*'2*
/o?7/
1 3.1 S, 55
inx,&£
/37C.7
/3 7g
/379
/3§0. /
/28 /. G
xf^rfz
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of each
test point.
Ambient: Temp °F
Bar. Press. "Hg
Assumed
S-S
ic.H
Moisture % d>S
Heater Box Setting °F
Probe Tip Dia.,
In, ^V
Probe Length .5" IT, &lats
•i
Probe Heater Setting
Avg . A P Avg . A H
Pitot
in H20
AP
c ^
o. ?y
o. -?4~
o. ?y
c.34
0.3
o. y
0.5
tf
o. 3 £
*'-?
o./
0. /
0. /
5
c./S
o. £ $
-, f : •'.' ' '•' "t /3
Orifice AH
in H20
Desired
0,38
o. 33
c, 3£
0,33
c.33
-------
Ol
00
I
Paint;:: Clock i Dry Gas
Pitot
Or if ice AH
Time • j Meter. CF In. H20 ! In. H20
' A P
\
'
Desired Actual Inlet jOutlet
Inipinger °F; .Pump
Temp i Vacuum
In. Hg
Gauge
Box
Temp
op
^_.*.^L/£ftj__jzf_
Probe !
Stack
Temp l Press.
oF
In. Hg
Stack
Temp
op
Comincnts
-------
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET
Date:
°l 11/7$
Run Number:
Operator: _
Sample Box No.
Plant: GM/\I)
Location Of Sample Port:
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature
Impinger H20
Volume After Sampling 272
Impinger Prefilled With
Volume Collected
Silica Gel
Weight After
g
Weight Before
ml
Moisture Weight /3»ffg Moisture Total £S> gg
Dry Probe and Cyclone Catch:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results
Probe, Cyclone, Flask
And Front Of Filter
Acetone Wash:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results 0-/VfV g
Filter Papers and Dry Filter Particulate
Filter No. Container No. Filter No. Container No.
Filter Particulate
Weight Q./VSV g
Total Particulate
weight a
% Moisture By Volume
-259-
-------
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET
Date:
9/9/75T
Run Number:
Operator: _
Sample Box No.
Plant: _
Location Of Sample Port: *
Baromefric Pressure: 3O> 17
Ambient Temperature
Impinger H20
Volume After Sampling £6»Q ml
Impinger Prefilled With 2.00 ml
Volume Collected (»O ml
Silica Gel
Weight After
_g
Weight Before _ 5/9.Q g
Moisture Weight % g Moisture Total
Dry Probe and Cyclone Catch:
Container No.
Extra NO.
Weight Results
Probe, Cyclone, Flask
And Front Of Filter
Acetone Wash:
Container No.
Extra o.
Weight Results Q.
Filter Papers and Dry Filter Particulate
Filter No. Container No. Filter No. Container No.
Filter Particulate
Weight Q, I $03 g
Total Particulate
Weight Q.16?/ g
% Moisture By Volume
-260-
-------
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
Date
Plant
Sample Collected By.
Field Data
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume of flask (ml)
Pressure before sampling in. Hg.
Pressure after sampling, in. Hg.
Flask temperature, °F
//so
/
20¥7
LA
3&K*
t(e
10
/Wo-
6
•2o ft
2-T
34. Ho
30
* Flask + valve - 25 ml. for absorbing solution
-261-
-------
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
Date
Plant
Sample Collected By,
Field-Data
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume of flask (ml)
Pressure before sampling in. Hg.
Pressure after sampling, in. Hg.
Flask temperature, °F
0110
t
10<41
1,5
20^
1t>
*$H
r
£
1038
t.S
3a^£
2'S
&./?•
10
HMl
&>
2W
e.s
ja/y
1C
/Mo
7
Zosi
2,$
30, If
?o
IW$
e
I0$(c
e.s~
v3
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For SQg. 4
9/9/75*
Date
Plant GMAb
Location
Bar. Pressure
Ambient Temp
Run No
"Hg Conunents : Point
1
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes
Operator
No
Clock
Time
\:
\ JOS'
l:/o
ir/s
i.-zo
r.^
/Uo
Meter
(Ft.3)
rsezo^a
13 12. 1
\izq,b
132,0,1
1 332, 2
1 333. S1
1334.630
Pitot
in. H20
AP
Or/S"
o*/r
<9/^"
o»/s:
o./z
a. is-
Orifice
in H20
AH
O'l
O.I
O.I
o.i
O.I
o.i
Temperatures Op
Stack
4so
O
i
'
Comments:
7,
-263-
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For 30 j 4 SO 3 _
Date W.S£
t:oo
Z'.OS
&IO
Meter
(Ft.3)
|fe»U3A
»33Ml
Pitot
in. HzO
AP
6.15"
O.IS
0.11
0,12
O.J2
O.lff
Orifice
in H20
AH
O.I
(D>!
O.I
0.1
0.1
o./
Temperatures Op
Stack
Wo
110
^0
^30
130
43*
Probe
300
3^0
3*S-
32T
120
310
Coil
W
1^
l^V
170
170
165
Impinger
In
I/O
126
If/0
US
DO
125
Out
^
7V
7V
75
76
77
C..992
-264-
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For
Date 9//O/7S
Plant GfAAD
Bar. Pressure
Ambient Temp
Run No I
_"Hg
Location
Comments
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes
Operator
No
Clock
Time
9 '.13
9:/8
T, &
K38
W9
9/5*
rnmrriPTTf <; !
Meter
(Ft.3)
1341. (030
1.3*2.?
13 VS.
i \ ^4 *7 ^r
im*
JJ.£"2.072
Pitot
in. H20
AP
O.j?
0,1
O.2
6.^
0,2
Orifice
in H20
AH
o./-
o.i
O.I
0.)
O.I
Temperatures Op
Stack
130
^30
130
435
430
Probe
270
30S
300
3/5-
330
Coil
I7S
no
\(oS
HoQ
Impinger
In
/JO
ISO
^^~
w
us
Out
*7
if
11
20
91
i
i0, 1 X"* . M..i._ rt / / ^— i J l»... ..^- - 5 y^,,-> «
Cc?o-l Co
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For SO y
Date W/0/76" _
Plant GMAD _
SO 3
Bar. Pressure
Ambient Temp _
Run No
"Hg
Location
Comments
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes _
Operator
No
Clock
Time
IQ1/0
10'. IS
10', IS
)OMS*
lo'.i*
I0t£g
Meter
(Ft.3)
1352,072
I3S3JST
/AffST,?r
1357* a
;35fj
/36//O^o
Pitot
in. H20
AP
0.2
0./1
O.iS
0,1
o.z
0,1
Orifice
in H20
ZiH
o./
o./
o./
o./
o,/
Temperatures Op
Stack
MO
HtO
WO
440
WD
i
•"robe
£?0
2^0
330
3SS
3/S-
Coil
IVO
/6>6
/60
Impinger
In
;f<3
IbQ
ISO
120
I2S
Out
W
%s
W
^7
W
Comments:
T«
-266-
-------
Plant
i
ro
en
GMA.D
Run No> I
Location
Dat® ? /101 ?£
Operator
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of each
test point.
Ambient Temp °F
Bar. Press. "Hg .30
Assumed Moisture % 8,
f»\ O
ven
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
Meter A Hg }
-------
I
ro
o>
00
I
Plant GMAD
Run No.
4 . A J :
Location ^2. &p)k£ft
Date
9//0/76*
Operator __
Sample Box No.
Meter Box No.
Meter A
C Factor
Point
I'l
H@
Clock
I* ft
IV IS.
1'j 8
ml
\'>LH
1U7
II JO
h^(e
Vtf
)Wt
Dry Gas
Meter, CF
/37V. Z&3
IMStie
1377.0
|3T?,2#
/ 2> 5^/ 7
/ 3£Y. 0
/ j Si , 3
)3W*fc
/3Jj5StO
[3&b*l
lW,t,2Q
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA Ambient
VERY IMPORTANT - FILL IN ALL BLANKS
,- v; . • ••: •;•'••• • ;;; •.. - - .^
Read and record at the start of each
test point. A
H
jj
P
P
A
Pitot
in H20
AP
£.£9
0/2P
0,23
0/2?
^•i4/
tf»21
0,20
I
^,2^
0,2?
Orifice AH
in H20
Desired
o.y
ai j?
j G
0.3Z
^ ^
0.i3
O. V
(5,2^
CP.33
0.3^
(3.37
Actual
o.y
-------
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET
Date:
Run Number:
Operator:
4- 2.
Location Of Sample Port:
Sample Box No.
Barometric Pressure: J 0. OJ
Ambient Temperature
Impinger H20
Volume After Sampling
ml
Silica Gel
Weight After
Impinger Prefilled With 2.QO ml
Volume Collected ^i ml
Weight Before $0&*Q g
Moisture Weight ?,V g Moisture Total
Dry Probe and Cyclone Catch:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results
_g
Probe, Cyclone, Flask
And Front Of Filter
Acetone Wash:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results
Filter Papers and Dry Filter Particulate
Filter No. Container No. Filter No. Container No.
Filter Particulate
Weight d. | 2 73 g
Total Particulate
Weight 0»} (o 1 f g
% Moisture By Volume
-269-
-------
Test: I
Plate Tare(g)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
O.HVf
Q,
0./V37
Filter
Particle Size Determination
,--
Date: ?//
Final(g) Net (nig) Filter Total
Net
0,
aisi.7
Total
S
-
77-0
% of
Total
5/f7
Cum %
1,13
BCD
(Microns)
to,;
37.O,
tOQ.o
/.c.
0.66
Test: 9
Plate Tare(g) Final(g)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Back Uf
Filter
0 •• f «J5 J
Total
Date:
Net(mg) Filter Total % of Cum % BCD
Net Total (Microns)
I.I
5.3
zns
-270-
tco.o
J7/J
11.73 7.3
3.2
-------
SOURCE TEST REPORT
AMOCO OIL REFINERY
WOOD RIVER, ILLINOIS
BOILER NO. 6 - POWERHOUSE
AND
CATALYTIC CRACKER REGENERATOR
TESTED BY: ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL
R.W. Griscorn
O.C. Klein
F.E. Littman
-271-
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1.0 SUMMARY 275
2.0 INTRODUCTION 276
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 277
4.0 PROCESS OPERATION 278
5,0 SOURCE TEST DESCRIPTION 279
6.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 283
6.1 PARTICULATE WEIGHT 283
6.2 NITROGEN OXIDE 285
6.3 SULFURIC ACID MIST AND SULFUR DIOXIDE 285
6.4 PARTICLE SIZE 287
6.5 HYDROCARBONS 287
7.0 RESULTS 289
APPENDIX A: PARTICULATE CALCULATIONS 297
APPENDIX B: FIELD DATA 313
-272-
-------
TABLES
PAGE
TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF RESULTS BOILER NO. 6 290
TABLE 2 SUMMARY OF RESULTS CATALYTIC CRACKER REGENERATOR 291
TABLE 3 COMPARISON OF RESULTS 292
TABLE 4 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 293
TABLE 5 HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS BOILER NO. 6 295
TABLE 6 HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS CATALYTIC CRACKER REGENERATOR 296
-273-
-------
FIGURES
PAGE
FIGURE 1 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT SET UP AT SE PORT - BOILER NO. 6 280
FIGURE 2 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT SET UP AT SW PORT - BOILER NO. 6 280
FIGURE 3 CATALYTIC CRACKER REGENERATOR, PRECIPITATOR AND STACK 281
FIGURE 4 STACK, SAMPLING PLATFORM, AND CRANE FOR HOISTING 281
FIGURE 5 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT SUPPORT 282
FIGURE 6 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT SETUP FOR TESTING 282
FIGURE 7 PARTICULATE SAMPLING TRAIN 284
FIGURE 8 SULFURIC ACID MIST SAMPLING TRAIN 286
FIGURE 9 ANDERSEN STACK SAMPLER 288
FIGURE 10 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION - BOILER NO. 6 294
-274-
-------
1.0 SUMMARY
In conjunction with the RAPS project, a limited stack testing program
is being conducted. This report details the results obtained on boiler no.
6 in the powerhouse and the stack for the catalytic ctfacker'-rsfenerator-'at
the Amoco Oil Refinery in Wood River, Illinois.
The stack testing included the following pollutants: sulfur dioxide (S02),
particulates, nitrogen oxides (NOX), sulfuric acid mist (H2S04), and hydrocar-
bons. Orsat analysis is for carbon dioxide (C02), carbon monoxide (CO), and
oxygen (02) were also performed. Results of these tests are included in this
report. The tests oh boiler no. 6 were not conducted to ascertain compliance
with Illinois standards. Amoco Oil may choose to use the test on the cataly-
tic cracker regenerator for demonstrating.compliance since the precipitator
on this unit was just recently installed. Thus, it is of interest to note
that this unit is in compliance with the regulations for particulates, S09
.... ._.__--------. ^ £
and CO.
The test on the catalytic cracker regenerator was witnessed by E. Sullivan,
R. Yoder, and J.C. Rhodes of Amoco and Dr. John Reed of Illinois EPA Permit
Section and Mr. Fred Smith of Illinois EPA Testing Section.
We acknowledge and appreciate the excellent cooperation we obtained from
the management and engineering personnel of the Amoco Oil Refinery.
-275-
-------
2.6 "INTRODUCTION
The current stack testing program is being conducted in conjunction with
the emission inventory work for the St. Louis RAPS project. The emission inven-
tory is being compiled using published emission factors. The stack testing is
being conducted to evaluate the emission factors and to gather information for
additional emission factors.
This stack test was conducted at the Amoco Oil Refinery in Wood River,
Illinois. Testing was performed on the No. 6 boiler at the powerhouse on 4, 5
and 6 November 1975 and on the Catalytic Cracker Regenerator on 12 and 17
November 1975.
Boiler No. 6 is an oil and gas fired, 200,000 pounds per hour steam
generating unit. There are no emission controls on this unit. This boiler was
sampled for total particulates, particle size, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide,
sulfuric acid mist, carbon dioxide, oxygen and hydrocarbons.
The Catalytic Cracker Regenerator was recently equipped with an electrostatic
precipitator. This stack test may be used as a compliance test on the newly in-
stalled precipitator. This unit was sampled for total particulates, nitrogen
oxides, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid mist, carbon dioxide, oxygen, carbor
monoxide and hydrocarbons.
-276-
-------
3.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Boiler no. 6 was built in 1954 by Babcock and Wilcox. The boiler is
fired with a combination of plant oil and gas streams. Steam pressure is
approximately 600 psi. This boiler "swings" with the plant, that is, it
picks up upsets or changes in plant operation or demands. The capacity
of this boiler is rated at 200,000 pounds of steam per hour. For environ-
mental concerns this boiler has been derated to less than 250 x 10 Btu/hr
input.
There are no stack emission controls on this boiler. Boiler no. 6 is
an induced draft unit and exhausts through a masonary lined, steel stack which
is 159 feet tall and 8.5 feet inside diameter.
The Catalytic Cracker Regenerator has had an electrostatic precipitator
installed during 1975. This precipitator was started up at the end of October
1975. There is also a waste boiler being installed ahead of the precipitator
but this was not in operation at the time of testing. The stack is of steel
construction and is 171 feet tall and 8 feet inside diameter.
-277-
-------
4.0 PROCESS OPERATION
Boiler no. 6 was tested on 4,5 and 6 November 1975. During the
testing the boiler load remained fairly constant even though it was pick-
ing up any changes in plant operation. This boiler was fired on refin-
ery gas, fuel oil, and "slop" oil during testing. Since there are no
individual meters there was no way of knowing how much of each fuel was
being burned. There were no visible changes in emissions during test-
ing.
The Catalytic Cracker Regenerator was tested on 12 and 17 November
1975. Since the startup of the precipitator during late October there
had been some problems with the precipitator. During testing, the con-
veyors1 that remove the collected material from the precipitator were not
operating. This did not seem to interfere with testing. On 17 November,
however, there was a short in one of several compartments of the precipi-
tator and the precipitator was only kept in operation for our particulate
test. The tests for sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid mist, and nitrogen
oxides were run with the precipitator by-passed. Visible emissions at
this time increased significantly.
Since the waste heat boiler was still being installed during testing,
water was being sprayed into the gas stream to drop the gas temperature
from 1,000°F to 600°F to prevent damage to the precipitator. This con-
dition raised the flue gas moisture content to approximately 29%.
-278-
-------
5.0 SOURCE TEST DESCRIPTION
Boiler no. 6 was tested in the stack. The sampling location and test-
ing arrangement are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 2 illustrates how the
sampling equipment was somewhat obstructed. In order to make a complete
traverse at this saniple port, a short 5 foot probe was used for the near
points and a longer 10 foot probe was used for the far sample points..
The stack is 8.5 foot inside diameter. The sampling .location was ap-r
proximately 36 feet from the stack inlet which is perpendicular to the stack.
This means that the sample ports are 4 diameters from the inlet. In accor-
dance with EPA Standard Method 1, 36 sampling points were chosen, 18 on a
traverse. A 3-inch pipe coupling, pipe nipple, and reducing flange were
used to attach to an existing standard 4-inch flange on the sample ports.
The Catalytic Cracker Regenerator was tested in the stack after the pre-
cipitator. Figure 3 illustrates the regenerator to the right followed by the
precipitator in the center and the stack to the left. Figure 4 shows the
stack and sampling platform and the crane used to hoist the sampling equip-
ment up to the platform. The testing arrangement is shown in Figures 5 and 6.
The stack is 8; foot inside diameter and the sampling location is approx-
imately 80 feet from the stack inlet. In accordance with EPA Standard Method
1, since the sampling location was more th|n 8 diameters from the inlet, 12
sample points were chosen, 6 on a diameter. A 3-inch pipe coupling, pipe re-
ducer, and a 4-inch flange were used to attach to the existing 4-inch flanges
on the sample ports.
-279-
-------
FIGURE 1
SAMPLING EQUIPMENT SET UP AT SE PORT - BOILER NO. 6
FIGURE 2
SAMPLING EQUIPMENT SET UP AT SW PORT - BOILER NO. 6
-280-
-------
FIGURE 3
CATALYTIC CRACKER REGENERATOR, PRECIPITATOR, AND STACK
FIGURE 4
STACK, SAMPLING PLATFORM, AND CRANE FOR HOISTING
-281-
-------
FIGURE 5
SAMPLING EQUIPMENT SUPPORT
FIGURE 6
SAMPLING EQUIPMENT SET UP FOR TESTING
-282-
-------
6.0 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
All testing was performed with sampling equipment from Joy Manufac-
turing, designed for isokinetic sampling to enable testing by EPA standard
methods.
Gas flow rates were calculated using the observed gas temperature,
molecular weight, pressure and velocity, and the flow area. The gas ve-
locity was calculated from gas velocity head measurements made with an S-
type pitot tube and a magnehelic pressure gauge, using standard method 2.
Moisture contents were determined by passing a measured amount of gas
•i
through chilled impingers containing a known volume of deionized water,
measuring the increase in volume of the impingers liquid and the increase
in weight of silica gel used to finally dry the gas, and calculating the
amount of water vapor in the sample from the increase and the measured
amount of gas.
The stack gas concentrations of carbon dioxide, oxygen, carbon monox-
ide, and nitrogen by difference were measured with a standard Orsat appa-
ratus. These concentrations and the moisture content were used to determine
molecular weight of the stack gas.
6.1 PARTICIPATE MATTER
Standard method 5 was used for determining particulate emissions with
the exception that the probe and oven were operated at 300-350 °F. Measured
stack gas samples were taken under isokinetic conditions. The samples were
passed through a cyclone, fiberglass filter, impingers, pump, a meter and an
orifice as shown in Figure 7.
The total particulate matter collected in each test was the sum of the
filter catch plus material collected ahead of the filter in the sampling train.
The amount of filter catch is determined by the difference in the weight of
the filter before and after the test, after dessicating. The particulate mat-
ter from other portions of the train was determined by rinsing the probe,
cyclone and all glassware ahead of the filter with acetone, evaporating to
dryness and weighing. ~x
"-283-
-------
STACK
WALL
HEATED;
PROBE .
Li
REVERSE-
TYPE
PITOT TUBE
ORIFICE
GAUGE
FILTER
HOLDER
CHECK
VALVE
VELOCITY
PRESSURE
GAUGE
FINE CONTROL
VALVE
VACUUM
LINE
FIGURE 7
PARTICULATE SAMPLING TRAIN
-284-
-------
6.2 NITROGEN OXIDE
Using method 7, gas samples were withdrawn from the stack into evac-
uated 2-liter flasks containing a dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide and
sulfuric acid. The hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the lower oxides of nitrogen
(except nitrous oxide) to nitric acid. The resultant solution is evaporated
to dryness and treated with phenol disulfonic acid reagent and ammonium hy-
droxide. The yellow trialkali salt of 6-nitro-l-phenol-2, 4-disulfonic
acid is formed, which is measured colorimetrically.
'£T~ SULFURIC ACIDllTsTAN~DlULRJR DIOXIDE
The Shell method was chosen for this determination due to uncertain- .
*
ties which exist about the validity of the results using method 8. A gas
sample is drawn from the stack using a heated probe and passed through a
water-cooled coil condenser maintained below the dew point of sulfuric acid
at 140°-194°F, followed by a fritted glass plate and then passed through a
chilled impinger train with two impingers containing an isopropanol and hy-
drogen peroxide mixture and followed by an impinger containing silica gel
for drying. This setup is shown in Figure 8.
The condensed sulfuric acid mist in the coil condenser is water washed
from the condenser. The final determination is made by titrating the solu-
tion with barium chloride, using a thorin indicator. Isopropanol must be
added to the solution to be titrated to improve the rapidity with which the
barium sulfate precipitates during titration.
* Lisle, E.S. and J.D. Sensenbaugh, "The Determination of Sulfur Trioxide
and Acid Dew Point in Flue Gases," Combustion, Jan. 1965.
Goksoyr, H. and K. Ross, "The Determination of Sulfur Trioxide in Flue Gases,"
J. Inst. Fuel, No. 35, 177, (1962)
-285-
-------
STACK;
WALL.
CHtCK
VALVE
FINE CONTROL
VALVE
VACUUM
LINE
GAUGE
FIGURE 8
SULFURIC ACID MIST SAMPLING TRAIN
-286-
-------
Sulfur dioxide in the gas sample is oxidized to sulfur trioxide fn the
impingers containing the hydrogen peroxide. Sulfur dioxide is then deter-
mined by titrating the hydrogen peroxide solution with barium chloride,
using a thorin indicator.
6.4 PARTICLE SIZE
An Anderson fractioning inertfal impactpr is used for the deter-
mination of particle size in the range of approximately 0.5 to 12.0 microns.
The sampling head is placed in the oven after the heated sampling probe and
a sample of stack gas is drawn isokinetically through the sampler, ..The par-
ticulate matter is fractionated and collected on the plates inside the sam-
ple head and a determination is made by the difference jn weight of the plates
before and after testing. Results are expressed for particles of unit density.
The sampling head assembly is shown in Figure 9.
-7 . " _' „.. ,
6.5 HYDROCARBONS v/ ;
Gas samples were withdrawn from the stack using "a vacuum pump" to.fill Ted-
lar bags. The composition of the hydrocarbons was determined by gas chromato-
gr»ph,uttll2i»*tra^B«ck»aB>:68000foci'Cev:CH|f .andgtot
Perkin Elmer 900 for the complete hydrocarbon breakdown.
-287-
-------
AIR FLOW
FIGURE 9
ANDERSEN STACK SAMPLER
-288-
-------
7.0 RESULTS
Results obtained from the test on boiler no. 6 are shown in Table 1.
Results obtained from the test on the Catalytic Cracker Regenerator are
.shown in Table 2. Although these tests were performed for research pur-
poses, standard EPA methods were used. Since the test on the Catalytic
Cracker Regenerator may be used for compliance, it is of interest to com-
pare the results with the State of Illinois standards. A comparison is
shown in Table 3. f
In addition, to measuring particulate loadings on boiler no. 6, a par-
ticle size analysis was made using an Andersen impactor. The results are
shown in Table 4 and Figure 10.
The average results of hydrocarbon samples taken on boiler no. 6 on
4 and 5 November are:
Carbon Monoxide: 1.11 ppm
Methane: 1.07 ppm ..;
Total Tfydrocarbons, as CH4 3.28 ppm ' ,
The major hydrocarbon components of these samples are given in Table 5.
The average results of hydrocarbon samples taken on the Catalytic
Cracker Regenerator on 10 and12Novemberrarei-
Carbon Monoxide: 28.91 ppm
Methane: 0.13 ppm
Total hydrocarbon results are not available due to a malfunction of the
analyzer. A complete analysis of the major components indicates that the to-
tal hydrocarbons are approximately 2-3 ppm. The major components are given in
Table 6.
"-289-
-------
TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF RESULTS - BOILER NO. 6
Date
Stack Flow Rate - SCFM * dry
% Water Vapor - % Vol ,
% C02 - . Vol % dry
% 0 2 - Vol % dry
% Excess air @ sampling point
S02 Emissions - lbs/106 Btu
NOX Emissions - lbs/106 Btu
H2S04 Mist - lbs/106 Btu
Particulates
Probe, Cyclone, & Filter Catch
Ibs./hr.
lbs/106 Btu
total Catch
Ibs./hr.
lbs/106 Btu
% Isokinetic Sampling
11/4
54,010
13.19
10,33
5.90
35.6
0.45
26.4
0.14
100.4
11/5
47,766
12.67
10.83
6.30
39.6
0.58
i
32.2
0.18
92.7
11/6
42,348
1.88
0.021
••
.'••'".-•.
; . ..•
*70° F, 29.92" Hg
-290-
-------
TABLE 2
SUMMARY OF RESULTS - CATALYTIC CRACKER REGENERATOR
Date
Stack Flow Rate - SCFM * dry
% Water Vapor - % Vol. ' "
% COa - Vol % dry- "
1 0 2 - Vol % dry
% Excess air @ sampling point
S02 Emissions - PPM
NOX Emissions - PPM
H2S04 Mist - PPM
Participates :
.Probe, Cyclone, & Filter, Catch
Ibs./hr.
lbs/106 Btu
Total Catch
Ibs./hr.
lbs/105 Btu
% Isokinetic Sampling
11/12
87,367
27.98
16.5
"1.65
8.1
71.2
•
. .,,-,.-
18.7
116.3
11/17
84,642
• 29.9
17.2
1.4
6.8
• 419
: 362.7
3.4
•
27.4
100'. 26
. .. ,, ,-
i
•
f
-••'••-
- . ,. .,.,,, .,
.......... , ..
t
i
(
t
i
i
f
1
*70° F, 29.92" Hg
-291-
-------
TABLE 3
COMPARISON OF RESULTS
SOURCE
Boiler No. 6
Catalytic Cracker
Regenerator
POLLUTANT
Particulates
so2
CO
Particulates
so2
CO
ILLINOIS STATE
STANDARD
0.1 lb/105 Btu
1 lb/106 Btu
200 ppm
80.1 Ib/hr
2000 ppm
200 ppm
AMOUNT FOUND
0.16 lb/106 Btu
1.9 lb/106 Btu
1.1 ppm
••
23.1 Ib/hr
419.0 ppm
28.9 ppm
-292-
-------
TABLE 4 , ;
PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION
TEST: AMOCO - BOILER NO. 6
DATE: 11/4
Plate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Backup
TEST: AMOCO
Plate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Rackuo
LJVIV* INU l^
Filter
Net (mg)
0.0
0.0
4.0
4.7
6.9
9.8
11.7
15.1
59.9
112.1
- BOILER NO. 6
Filter
Net (mg)
1.7
4.6
1.4
2.6
2.7
5.1
,,6.1
8.9 '
28.7 -
61.8
% Of
Total
0.0
0.0
3.57
4.19
6.16
8.74
10.44
13.47
53.43
100.00
% Of
Total
2.75
7.44
2.27
4.21
4.37
8.25
9.87
14.40
46.44
100.00
ECD
(microns)
14.4 & above
9.1
6.1
4.3
2,6
1.4
0.84
0.56
<0.56
DATE: 11/6
ECD
(microns)
14.2 & above
9.0
6.0
4.3
2.6
1.4
0.83
0.55
<0.55
-293-
-------
% OF
TOTAL
30
20
— ffl
.11/4
11/6
IS W 13 12 I' 10 f 8 7 6
FIGURE TOT ""
V 3
ECO (MICRONS)
PARTICLE SIZE_ DISTRIBUTION-BOILER NO. 6
-294-
-------
TABLE 5
HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS
BOILER NO. 6
COMPOUND CONCENTRATION (ppb as C)
11/4 11/5
Ethane 20.7 16.8
Ethyl ene 36.3 27.8
n-Propane 35.5 34.3
Acetylene 35.0 32.8
n-Butane 55.7 52.2
Isopentane 11.1 7.5
n-Pentane~ 5.4 8.4
Hexane 29.7 33.0
Benzene +2,4 DM-C5 I8-5
Heptane 15/1
2,5 dimethyl Hexane 10-9
Toluene 33-3 94-6
1, Octene 38-9 128.5
Octane ^ 9-]
Ethyl Benzene 24.3 56.7
InrFxyleKT 123-2 290'3
-o-Xylene " 37-5 79.0
Nonane 13'2 19A
n-Propyl Benzene 9-7 49'6
1,3,5 trimethyl fenzene 16-4
-295-
-------
TABLE 6
HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS
CAT CRACKER REGENERATOR
COMPOUND CONCENTRATION (ppb as C)
11/10 11/12
Ethane 19.5
Ethylene 12.8
n-Propane 51.3
Acetylene 9.5
Isobutane 16.7
n-Butane 4.7
Propylene 3.7
Isopentane 1.4
n-Pentane 5.1
Hexane 41.3
Benzene + 2,4 DM Pentane 38.1
Heptane 27.6
Toluene 46.1
1, Octene 29.3
Octane 4.4
Ethyl Benzene 18.6
m.p-Xylene 111.2
6-XyTehe 33.1
Nonane 10.4
-296-
-------
APPENDIX A
PARTICULATE CALCULATIONS
-297-
-------
PARTICULATE CALCULATIONS
Volume of dry gas sampled at standard conditions - 70° F, 29.92 "Hci
3
Vmstd = Volume of dry gas sampled at standard conditions, ft
3
Vm = Meter volume sampled, ft
1.021 = Meter correction factor
Pm = Meter pressure, barometric pressure, PB» plus orifice
pressure, AH, in. Hg.
Pstd = Standard pressure, 29.92 in. Hg.
Tstd = Standard temperature, 530° R or 70° F
Tm - Meter temperature, 530° R for compensated meter
CFm = Meter correction factor
Volume of water vapor at standard conditions
1b- = 0.0474 * Vic
"™ MC I MH20 M Pstd J 454 gm.
\ / \ / A
Vw = Volume of water vapor at standard conditions, ft
VTC = Volume of liquid collected in impingers and silica gel, ml
pH£0 = Density of water, Ig/ml.
M H£0 = Molecular weight of water, 18 Ib/lb mol
R = Ideal gas constant, 21.83 in. Hg. - cu. ft./lb-mol - °R
% Moisture in Stack Gas
Vw
% M = 100 x
-298-
-------
Average molecular weight of dry stack gas
v 44 V /„, „ 32 \ i .
Molecular weight of stack gas
Stack velocity at stack conditions
vs • 85-<8 * V xA
V = stack velocity, fps.
J
85.48 - p1t.t constant,
lb. H . oR
C = pitot coefficient, dimension! ess
T = average stack temperature, °R
5
P B stack pressure, barometric pressure plus static pressure, in. Hg.
AP Avg = average differential pressure, in. HgO
Stack gas volume at standard conditions
n ocnni u Ps
Qs - 3600 1-.) Vs
Qs = stack gas volume flow rate, SCF/hr
2
A = stack cross sectiona] area, ft
3600 = seconds per hour
Qs' = Qs T 60 = SCFM
-299-
-------
Per cent isokinetic sampling
1 = 1.6671(0.00267) VIG + 5^ (PB
- 1.667 [(0.
An
I = per cent isokinetic sampling
1.667 = minutes per second, X 100
0.00267 = jjjj^ X R X
0 = sampling time, rain.
2
A = cross sectional area of sampling nozzle, ft
Particulate emission
fi
C = 2.205 X 10~b
s
GS = particulate emission, Ib/scf
2.205 X 10 • pounds per mg.
Mn = total mass of particulate collected, mg.
C£ » Cs X Qs - Ib/hr
Cg = particulate emission per hour
CH = Cj £ H
t
CH = particulate emission, Ib. per million BTU
H = heat input, million BTU pert hour
-300-
-------
Excess air at sample point
% EA - TOO X % 02
(0.266 X % N) - %
% EA = excess air at sample point, %
0.266 = ratio of oxygen to nitrogen in air by volume
-301-
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test: Arhoco - Blr. (o -/?«.* / Date:
Material collected (mg) =
Filter Catch =
Dry Catch =
Acetone Wash = Jrf, 7
TOTAL = 2?7.o
Gas Volume Vm . . = 0.0334 /Vm D .
Slu I HI II rn T
0.0334
Volume of water vapor Vw = 0.0474 X Vic
0.0474 (zyoml) = /// 3JC, $CF
% Moisture %M = 100 X Vwstd
Vmstd + Vwstd
100 X (/
Molecular Weight of dry stack gas
MWp = %CQ2 X 0.44 + %02 X 0.32 + %N2 X 0.28
( 10,^3 X 0.44) + (S,f X 0.32) + (?3>77 X 0.28) =
Molecular Weight of stack gas
MWw = TOO - XM X MWn + %M X 18
1QO u 100
ioo- I x i%?l + ./ X 18
100 lo
-302-
J
-------
PARTICIPATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test; Blr£ - l?u.v\ I
Stack Velocity Vs = 85.48 x C hs. x P avgl 1/2
pate:
85.48 x
\ ffi6.
L W.b'/
x 18.321
hs. x P avgl
Lps x M\ J
1 1
J
30. /O fps
Stack Gas Volume Qs =
3600 fl- %M \ (Vs)(A)/Tstd\ ( Ps \
\ 100/ \jr~7 \Pstd/
100
530
.92
Stack Emission Rate Cs = 2.205 x IP"6/ Mn
V VMstd
2.205 x 10-6 ( 277
( 2 }
t7V/^)
gjj,
ib/scf
CE = Cs x Qs =
CH = CE T H =
Ib/hr
lb/106 Btu
Isokinetlc Variations I = 1.667
(0.00267) Vi + Vm / + AH \1
c Tm \PB 13.6/jTs
.667 (0.
6 Vs Ps An
00267)
530
^^
13.6 /J
(30.10)
Excess Air at Sample Point
% EA = 100 x % 02
-303-
CO.266 x % N2) - % 02
100 ( >5Tf )
(0.266 x§£77) - (^f )"=
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test: Amoco ~£lr.6» - tf"« 2 Date; H/S/7S
Material collected (mg) =
Filter Catch =
Dry Catch =
Acetone Wash = .fr?, 7
TOTAL = 353, (e>
Gas
0.0334 SCP
Volume of water vapor Vw = 0.0474 X Vic
0.0474 U/ayml) = °l,173 SCF
% Moisture XM = 100 X Vwstd
Vmstd + Vwstd
100 X (?.17J) _ M,-,
Molecular Weight of dry stack gas
MWD = %C02 X 0.44 + %02 X 0.32 + %N2 X 0.28
(/0^3 X 0.44) + (t.,3 X 0.32) + (&8* X 0.28) =
Molecular Weight of stack gas
MWw = 100 - %M X MWn t *M X 18
100 u TW
FlOQ - ;^fe7 X ^.$73 ] + [ /^g»7 X 18
[ 100 J L TOO1 J
-304-
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test: Bk Ct - Run 2
Stack Velocity Vs = 85.48 x C fls x P avgl 1/2
Date
; ///JT/7S
85.48 x (O.
fls x P avg"l
Pc x Mw
L s w J
f lO&.qZ x 0J3*y I 1/2 =
l_ "23,11 x 25V/.T& J 2 7, 13 fps
Stack Gas Volume Qs
[l-
L
3600/1- %M \ (Vs)(A)/Tstd\ / Ps \
\ 100/ \TT~7 \Pstdj
3600
100
(27,73)
530
7/1 = t,8tetl83 SCFH
29:92
Stack Emission Rate Cs = 2.205 x 1Q-6/ Mn \
2.205 x TO'6 (3S6,&>) = l,IZ£x/Q~ Ib/scf
C 3S£>. (e \
(68,7 W
CE = Cs x Qs =
= ^2,2 2 f
Ib/hr
lb/106 Btu
/77,^
Isokinetic Variations I = 1.667
f(0.00267) Vi + Vm / + AH \
[ C Ti \PB T3^j_
Ts
1.667
I (0.
L
8 Vs Ps An
00267)
530 \
^tt «W
13.6 /J _
(21.12) (tf.ll) (7.t7*/o' }
Excess Air at Sample Point
% EA = 100 x % 02
(0.266 x % N2)
- % C2
-305-
100 (
(0.266
,3 )
WM) -
-------
NO EMISSION DATA
Date.
7S
Run No.
Time
gpM
/OHS
z
^••
lass
3
Itlo
2
U9
314
/ooo
lots
^ Initial Flask Temp, R
SIS
S2S
Fimal Flask Temp, R
SIS
\lf - Flask Volume, ml.
let?
lost,
^ Initial Flask Pres* "Hg
t.
2/5
z.s
t.s
2,5
2.5
z.s
- Final Flask Pres, "Hg
Ib/scf N0
l.M
1,27
3JQ
3.S8
lb/10Btu
o.os
O.lLe
0,67
Vsc= M7.
71 !R \
in. Hg/
(Vfc) / Pf - Pi
'1
= scf
Vfc - Vf - 25
C = 6.2 x 10"5 Ib/scf
yg/ml
ryg NO, \ - Ib/scf NO,
Vsc
-306-
-------
N0¥ EMISSION DATA
J\
Boil
er
. (f>
Date.
/*/
75"
Run No.
Time
ug N02
Tj- Initial Flask Temp, °F
Tf- Final Flask Temp, °F
Vf - Flask Volume, ml.
P- Initial Flask Pres, "Hg
Pf- Final Flask Pres, "Hg
Ib/scf N02 x/cfS
lb/106Btu N02
/
ono
-------
H2S04 MIST and S02 EMISSION' DATA
Boiler No.
Date
Run No.
Vmc -Meter Volume, Ft3
Vmstd-Meter Volume, Std. Cond.
PB-Barometric Pressure, "Hg
AH-Avg. Orifice Pres. Drop, "^0
Vt-Vol. of Titrant, ml.
Vtb'Vol. of Titrant for Blank, ml.
Vsoln'Vol- of Solution, ml.
Va-Vol. of Aliquot, Titrated, ml.
Ib/scf H2S04 XIO'**
lb/1°G Btu H2S04
Ib-scf S02 w~*
Ib/lO6 Btu S02
It/t
/
&.OS-7
S.182
tf.si
O.I
1.*
nil
S£0 *
5
i.tsi
1,12
/
/,£
loo
ts
I.IS4
o.on
"/(a
Z
7,2&
7.7t>2
Zt.f'f
O.I
/S.05
*,'/
500
5
!>$(*(,
2&/
I
3.CS
IOO
^s
I.(*U
O.OIS
,
':
.
Vmstd = 0.0334 (Vm)
AH
CFm = Meter correction factor
CH2S04 =1.08 x
/1.
\
lb-1
9-ml
(Vt - Vtb) (H
Vmstd
v
i= Ib/scf N. = 0.01 Norma!
' Bari urn
Perchlorate
C$02 Bf'
7.05 x
(Vt - Vtb) (H)
Ib/scf
Vmstd
-308-
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
I§st.: Amofo ' Caf Cra^/cer Date: H/IZ/7S
Material collected (mq) =
Filter Catch = £3,o
Dry Catch
Acetone Wash =32.1
TOTAL
Gas Volume Vm .. = 0.0334/V
Stu { _J
0.0334
. . B 13.6,
m
Volume of water vapor Vw = 0.0474 X Vic
0.0474 (3^2. ml) = }(»,&( SCF
% Moisture %M = 100 X Vwstd
Vmstd + Vwstd
100 X ( 1C.ail )
Molecular Weight of dry stack gas
MWQ = %C02 X 0.44 -H %02 X 0.32 + %H2 X 0.28
X 0.44) + ( \.UST X 0.32) + (*I*$^X 0.28) =
Molecular Weight of stack gas
MWw * 100 - %M X MWn + JM_ X 18
Too" u 100
flOO - 21, 1U X 30,70G 1 + T 2.7*176 x 18 =
[ - TOO J L 100 J
SCF
-309-
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test: (^f Cracker Date: II/II/7S
Stack Velocity Vs = 85.48 x Cn fTs x P avgl 1/2
P LPs * Mww J
85.48 x (0. fo ) \IOIl.l x 0,1 rf 1 1/2 =
|_2*,3fr/ x 27.AS7 J -2f
fps
Stack Gas Volume Qs = 3600/1- %M V(Vs)(A)/Tstd\ / PS \
\ 100/ \Ts y \Pstdy
fl-
L
3600 l- U7.te) (7^.2 (4TA265*) 530 (Ifrj^fl = S.M/ SCFH
100 /, N 29.92
Stack Emission Rate Cs = 2.205 x 10"6/ Mn \
V VMstd /
2.205 xlO'6 ( ^5.9 ) = 3, Vg**/0"^ Ib/scf
CE = Cs x QS = (3,V£2x/< (sr,&l,9) = />? Ib/hr
CH = CE T H = ( ) = ^15/106 Btu
Isokinetic Variations 1 = 1.667 [(0.00267) Vlr + Vm ( + AH \\
L c Tm \PB T3T6"/JTs
— evs Ps An
1.667 (0.00267) ( 3*J2 ) + *M&(}0M> +
530 \ 13.6 /
Excess Air at Sample Point
% EA = 100 x % 0?
CO.266 x % N2) - % 02
100
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test: Amoco - Gd Cracker Date: ////7/7$*
Material collected (mq) =
Filter Catch = 32,?
Dry Catch
Acetone Wash =
TOTAL =
Gas Volume Vmst(j = 0.0334/Vm \/p +
B 13T6,
0.0334 .
SCF
Volume of water vapor Vw = 0.0474 X Vic
0.0474 (3l/.5-ml) K76S' SCF
% Moisture XM = 100 X Vwstd
Vmstd + Vwstd
100 X ( )g)
Molecular Weight of dry stack gas
MWQ = %C02 X 0.44 + %02 X 0.32 + %N2 X 0.28
( H. 7 X 0.44) + (/^ X 0.32) •»• (g/,7 X 0.28) =
Molecular Weight of stack gas
MWw = 100 - %M X MWn + %M X 18
Too" 100
-311-
-------
PARTICULATE SAMPLING CALCULATIONS
Test: /(moc.0 " CA^ Cracker Date:
Stack
85.48
Stack
3600
Velocity
Gas Volume
fi- (£'
Vs = 85.48 x
[i03% 3 x
2^,£?/y x
Qs = 3600/1-
?,?)] (7?,3t
c_ [~TS
P IPs
0,) (AT^7^,^/0 = 27*VQ Ib/hr
t. ^ / / ^^"^•"^•^•^"•^^•""•""^^•^i »• « —•••»—^•
CH = CE T H = ( ) - ^lb/106 Btu
|| •«• "J™ "'"J-i" rr i__ — L -IIII.TI_L-. jj - -i -i ir« . -i | I "W
Isokinetic Variations 1=1.667 F(°-00267) Vi + Vm / + AH
[ lc Tin \PB U
evs PS An
1.667 (0.00267) (3H.S )
530 \13.6
Excess Air at Sample Point
% EA = 100 x % 0?
CO.266 x X: N2) - % 02
100 ( hi
-312- (0.266
-------
APPENDIX B
FIELD DATA
-313-
-------
NO EMISSION DATA
A
Cotf. Cracker
Run No.
Time
yg N02
T.J- Initial Flask Temp, °R
T.p- Final Flask Temp, °R
Vf - Flask Volume, ml.
P.- Initial Flask Pres, "Hg
Pf- Final Flask Pres, "Hg
Ib/scf N02 XJ0-S
lb/106Btu N02
H/12
/
las
M
SIC
S3 0
OX/7
Z.S
2*5*
Q-33
2
ills'
2U
S/O
£36
2028
t.s
2Wl
0.&
0
3
12/0
tooo
S3Q
SSO
Z6&
z.s
2U/
1.SO
^ nut. */////
n/i 7
y
U2S
I2C*
SJO
ss-o
202$
2,5
2M
V.2^
S
1305
II8&
£&
S-SO
2o2S
2*S
21.&I
4.IS
(e
fSOO
/Soo
S30
sso
2o$2
2.S
*1.U
*/.*4
7
IS3Q
hio
530
SSO
2QSI
2.5
nu
v,s*
8
We
Itio
$30
^s-c
20^6
2.5
2UI
-------
H2S04 MIST and S02 EMISSION1 DATA
Cc\i
k
er
Date
Run No.
Vmc-Meter Volume, Ft3
Vmstd-Meter Volume, Std. Cond.
Pg-Barometric Pressure, "Hg
AH-Avg. Orifice Pres. Drop, "1^0
VfVol . of Titrant, ml.
Vtb-Vol • of Titrant for Blank, ml.
Vsoln~V°' • ,of Solution, ml.
V -Vol . of Aliquot, Titrated, ml.
Ib/scf H2S04 XJO-U
lb/106 Btu H2S04 ItAr
Ib-scf S02 x/o'5
lb/106 Btu S02 lU/^r
11/17
1
!,$&
1.3o(,S
M-C,I
0,\
1.1
ml
s&o
s
6.W/
3S3,r
^3
KU'I
100
so
Q.OZf
Q,*\(o
11/17
2
HJtt
W.WC*
2^.t/
O.I
*;/
L,8$(*
3S3.8
2,7$
n.'l
100
so
131*
8.ZS
Vmstd = 0.0334
CFm = Meter correction factor
m
CH2S04 =/1.08 x TO"4 lb-1 \ (Vt - Vtb) (H) /VsoW
CS02 "/
\
"7.05 x
i= Ib/scf N. = 0.01 Normal
' Barium
Perch!orate
lb-1
,
g-ml
Vmstd
(Vt-Vtb) (N)
Vmstd
= Ib/scf
-315-
-------
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESS DATA FOR POWER PLANTS
Boiler Nlo.
Date
Net Unit Load - MW
Average Steam Load - 10 Ib/hr
Boiler Heat Input
Fuel Burning Rate - Ib/hr
Fuel Heating Value - BTU/lb
Fuel Sulfur Content - %
Fuel Ash Content - %
Fuel Moisture Content %
nli
sec
ills
b e ( ou-»
II /(ff
II
Part.
NOX
Part
ii A
Checked, over
r - /8S.9
180,0
/77.6
, 3
o-f
/Ik
-316-
-------
ORSAT FIELD DATA
Location
Comments:
Time
Operator
Jtlai
Test
n/y
J0I&'
1030
/(e>00
ll/f
)3&o
I43o
0*110
II/C*
(CO )
Reading 1
/0,6
/o.y
lo.c
11,0
10*7
taf
-------
Plant.
Run No..
I
Location-
natA lt/?
Assumed Moisture % .
Probe Tip Dia., In.
Probe length IP
Avg. AP Avg. AH.
I
CO
00
Point
Clock
Dry Gas
Meter,
CF
Pi tot
in HoO
AP
Orifice AH
in H20
Desired
Actual
Impinger
°F Temp.
Inlet
Outlet
Pump
Vacuum
In. Hg.
Gauge
Box
Temp-
°F
Probe
Temp
°F
Stack
Press
In.
Stack
Temp.
°F
/O :
V^ro
1-13
/-?//, s"
a. &>
4CTO
I VIS
Q>1*
1. IS
gfo
1,1*
1,0
3VJT
/?/*'$
Ids.
£>*,
HJ_
1VJ1
I-//
0,1*1
3VS
3e>o
-------
I
CO
Pump
Vacuum
In. Hg
Gauge
Stack
Press.
In. Hg
Impinger
.°F Temp. '
-------
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET
: X/yV/7/
Run Number:
Operator:
Sample Box No.
Plant: AMOCO
Location Of Sample Port:
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature
-S»
Impinger H20
Volume After Sampling j'fe ml
Impinger Prefilled With
Volume Collected / g ml
Silica Gel
Weight After
_g
ml Weight Before
g
Moisture Weight
Moisture To
Dry Probe and Cyclone Catch:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results
Probe, Cyclone, Flask
And Front Of Filter
Acetone Wash:
Container No.
Extra No/
Weight Results
Filter Papers and Dry Filter Particulate
Filter No. Container No. Filter No. Container No.
Filter Particulate
Weight &. 3/73 g
Total Particulate
Weight d. <
% Moisture By Volume
-320-
-------
Run No. c
InraHnn ** &> B\f.
Date !
Operator,
Meter AH@
C Factor
/*QZ.Ce>
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT-FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of
each test point.
Ambient Temp °F
"Hg_
% UL
Probe Tip Dia., In —
Probe i pngth ^ 4+ 4. /O-fi
Avg. AP <^./7 Ax/g AH
Point
Clock
Dry Gas
Meter,
CF '
Pi tot
in HoO
AP
Orifice AH
in H20
Desired
Actual
Inlet
Pump
Vacuum
In. Hg
Outlet! Gauge
Impinger
°F Temp.
Box
Temp
°F
Probe
Temp
°F
Stack
Press.
In. Hf»
Stack
Temp .
°F
CO
ro
e-/
HO
76
3/0
'. O
J/0
VJTO
e-v
i-7
, 7
Otlt
2(0
ISO
iolV.o
2-
7 /
3/o
/ to
.1/1.
P»*3
JA±
JLdJ
J2L
^*
^oo
it.
wr
LC
1.0
Jill
0*11
VJP
-------
Point
1-2
Clock
Dry GQS
Meter,
CF
Pi tot
in HoO
AP ^
J2*.
0.IZ,
Orifice AH
in fO
Desired
0,7 ,(
-------
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET
Date: //
kh
Plant:
Run Number:
Operator:
Sample Box No.
Location Of Sample Port:
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature
&l i? ,
:-. .- i1
Impinger H20
Volume After Sampling
3mi
Silica Gel
Weight After'
Impinger Prefilled With £ ^ ml
Volume Collected _ /f3 ml
Weight Before *T(f> g
% Moisture By Volume
-323-
-------
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
Date
Plant
Sarr.ple Collected By.
Field Data
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume of flask (ml)
Pressure before sampling in. Hg.
Pressure after sampling, in. Hg.
Flask temperature, °F
/o-.4S
/
£w/
J.S
3t.fi
If
Sfi'.fT
A
lotf
J.£
—
—
tl',3*
Z
*otf
3.?
-
-
xj?;3o
¥
3*3<£
3.f
-
-
/J?/cf5
5
Jojf
A.S
-
-
/r:uf
L
fa*
3. r
-
-
tfl !f
7
2o$A
3.?
-
~
1C ,' fo
'/
^ojC,
3.f
-
-
* Flask + valve - 25 ml. for absorbing solution
-324-
-------
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
Date
Plant Amoto - filt* ^4
Sample Collected Ry
Field Data
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume of flask (ml)
Pressure before sampling in. Hg.
Pressure after sampling, in. Hg.
Flask temperature, F
0^30
1
Wl
2.S
;?,zr
%
)oe>o
Z
&&%
2.$
&xr
10
/03d
3
103<}
i<$
&7S
<*o
1200
¥
Z&28
2^
21,7 S
£}Q
tf*o
S
^o2s
^>s
&>?s
90
lios
<*
2GS2
2*S
Zi'tt
90
>
* Flask + valve - 25 ml. for absorbing solution
-325-
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For
Date /I
Plant AMOCO
Location
-^3<
Bar. Pressure
Ambient Temp
Run No /
"Hg
Comments :
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes
Operator J^=*g/.sconi Mej
No
Clock
Time
Meter
(Ft.3)
Pitot
in. H20
Orifice
in H20
AH
Temperatures Op
Stack
robe
Coil
Impinger
In Out
6.1
/Lo
&•/'
¥¥»
II'
Comment s :
• //
-326-
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For
Date I/ / C> / 7f
Plant /
Location
Bar. Pressure *?
-------
Plant.
Run No-- Andet-^
ei\
Inrat.inn. ** Co
DatP 11/4/73"
Operator.
Meter A HO,
C Factor
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT-FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of
each test point.
Ambient Temp Of
Bar. Press "Hg_
Probe Tip
Probe Length
Avg. AP
In ~
s-ti
.Avg. AH.
Point
^-?
O-M
Clock
3 ''03
;/3
\+3
''}5
;V3
J5-3
.
•
Dry Gas
Meter,
CF
/?<&£. ^f J-'
^6^//
/f76.o
/Igt.SS1
}
O,/l
o,/70
- 3<&&
3&J-
36,0
Stack
Press.
In. Hg.
Stack
Temp.
°F
/60
V6o
Vfeo
Y6a
V60
'. ^
ro
00
-------
Plant.
A
M.OCO
Run No..
A A A* vse.K
Location.
II /sr/7Jr
Operator
Meter AH@
C Factor
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT-FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of
each test point.
Ambient Temp OF
Bar. Press "Hg
Assumed Moisture
Probe Tip Dia., In.
Probe Length.
Avg. AP Avg. AH.
Point
hi
Clock
/ /' £/S"
'. fO
', $£
r? ' 4?^
i&*$
i/0
', AT
:*o
z:^s
Dry Gas
Meter ,
-CF
3.0TH.M.Q
AC 76 . ?
,&?7?/7
A«5o
^^"
101
_Jo__
70
7C
7/
7Z.
Pump
Vacuum
In. Hg.
Gauge
7,-T
&•*/
S.S
Box
Temp
°F
36-0
3>ST
363
3?o
37S~
3 eg
?>?&
3f£
Probe
Temp
°F
3£>S~
$!Q
3/O
32-8
32 $
3*c
2>3o
33$
•
Stack
Press.
In. Hg.
Stack
Temp.
oF
i7c
*n&
V7S
ye$
ygc
y
-------
Plant.
Run No.,
Location.
*<* g\r.
Operator
Meter A HO
C Factor
PARTICIPATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT-FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of
each test point.
Ambient Temp °F
Bar. Press "Hg_
Assumed Moisture %
Probe Tip Dia., In —
Probe Length ____*£_£
Avg. AP Avg.
AH.
Point
i*$
Clock
^', /£
I ?.o
*, l£
:±Q
t 3S
rye
fjyf
Dry Gas
Meter,
CF
&!&(*, 170
Z/o% 7
ZII3.0
A//6, 3
1//9>S
2/&£> t»
MAS'. 8$?
Pi tot
in H?0
AP
0,/i
O> ll
A. It
Ott*
0,/A
Ctl-i
.
Orifice AH
in H20
Desired
0.7?
0.7S
0,75
0.7S
Actual
OSS'
0*75"
0,75
/>, 74-
^,7^
0,7?
Impinger
°F Temp.
Inlet
too
l*jS
J.7&'
23 £
3/o
3/5"
Outlet
76"
6A
fc(e
fat
70
73.
~
Pump
Vacuum
In. Hg.
Gauge
9,0
?>«2
/0'P
lQ>*>
fO*&0
39o
3&£
.••
Probe
Temp
°F
3/0
2>A.0
"b3o
32>£
340
3^5"
Stack
Press.
In. Hg.
Stack
Temp.
°F
V^iP
vj^-
VJ«T
VJ^'
vyo
y^5
-------
Test:
Particle Size Determination
: I//V/7S"
. 6>
Date:
„ 0.^.1.= \y / rj.acix^y^ iNet imy;
1 0.153* G»KS37
2 CM W 0>IW8
\
3 O. I £"70 CP. /6.IO
4 O.lffOCp 0-ISS3
5 O. lASTO O.J6.C?
6 0. \1& Q.lSZb
7 OJ5-JO 0,/C.Vl
8 O.IS-00 0,/Wf
Is'1 •
Back Up £ , £ , ,273^ CPJ^C6
4 O.JV4?? (P./S"4»/
5 O»/WV O,\SOt
e o.msq Oiibii
7 0, /V£V Of|«r^3
8 O. M2fc 0,/£'
6,3 ^.61 V^o
&.? 5^V 2^£>
/3,0 ///75 1.3(0
\t, 9 //^5" 0,^3
;t,7 /^^ o/^s-
^^,f V-^08-
-------
Test:
Plate Tare(g)
Particle Size Determination
Sir. (e> Date: 11
Final (g) Net (nig) Filter Total % of Cum % BCD
Net Total (Microns).
0,15-21 o,IS3ff
1
2
3
4
5
7 0.H3I
8 0, j.^^J
Back Up _ 3151
Filter ^'^ '
Test:
Plate Tare(g)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Back Up
Filter
o.mi
O.M1Z
Total
Final (g) Net (mg)
i.i
i.v
z,(*
2,7
sr.l
6,i
SM
2,75"
/V/23
9, $7
100,00
Date:
Filter
Net
Total % of
Total
Cum % BCD
(Microns)
Total
-332-
-------
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESS DATA FOR POWER PLANTS
Date
Net Unit Load - MW
Average Steam Load - 10 Ib/hr
Boiler Heat Input
Fuel Burning Rate.- Ib/hr
Fuel Heating Value - BTU/lb
Fuel Sulfur Content - %
Fuel Ash Content - %
Fuel Moisture Content %
Co,-/ Cracker-
Frtsk
/
I//7
#35"
7/6
0!'
-333-
-------
ORSAT FIELD DATA
Date
Tina
II/I
Z 4 II
/J7
Operatbr
Comments:
Test
H//2
/00&
/loo
n /n
1/36
I5ZO
(CO )
Reading 1
/6,-/
/&.L
/&>.%
17,2
CO)
Reading 2
*,0
t,3
Z,7L
1,4
(CO)
Reading 3
O.O
0.0
^) 00
0,6
-334-
-------
Plant.
A
Run No L
I nrat-inn Ca.j
Date. M//Z.
Operator
Meter A
C Factor
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT-FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of
each test point.
Ambient Temp °F _
Bar. Press "Hg
Assumed Moisture
Probe Tip Dia., in. */f
Probe tpngth loft
Avg. A P &' & . Avg. AH_
Point
Clock
Dry Gas
Meter ,
CF
Pi tot
in H?0
AP
Orifice AH
in H20
Desired
Actual
Impinger
°F Temp-.
Inlet
Outlet
Pump
Vacuum
In. Hg
Gauge
Box
Temp
OF
Probe
Temp
°F
Stack
Press.
In.-ttfr
Stack
Temp.
°F
CO
co
en
/O.' 30
Q.12
IZto
10.0
/-sr
O.&L
y
2 oo
Ziso
. 6
l/to
-------
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET
Date:
Run Number: * f
Operator:
Sample Box No.
Plant:
Location Of Sample Port:
Barometric Pressure: £f. rf2-
Ambient Temperature
Impinger H20
Volume After Sampling
Impinger Prefilled With
Volume Collected
mi
Silica Gel
Weight After
$•/
ml Weight Before
g
ml Moisture Weight
Moisture Total -
Dry Probe and Cyclone Catch:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results
_g
Probe, Cyclone, Flask
And Front Of Filter
Acetone Wash:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results
Filter Papers and Dry Filter Particulate
Filter No. Container No. Filter No. Container No.
Filter Particulate
Weight <0.a33Q
Total Particulate
Weight 6- 0 d> 5f g
% Moisture By Volume
-336-
-------
Plant A*W>CO -•
Rim Nn 2
Date t'/)7
Operator Cs>trt4eo*\ . Kl.t?lt\ ,
Meter A HO l»02 2
PARTI CULATE FIELD DATA
VERY IMPORTANT-FILL IN ALL BLANKS
Read and record at the start of
each test point.
£*' 14., ""»*•<£"
3O
C Fartnr 0, 3
•Ambient Temp °F _
Bar. Press "Hg___
Assumed Moisture
Probe Tip Dia., Tn. VV
Probe I ength /# ^
Avg. AP Avg. AH_
Point
Clock
Dry Gas
Meter,
CF
Pi tot
in HoO
AP
Orifice AH
in H20
Desired
Actual
Impinger
°F Temp.
Inlet
Outlet
Pump
Vacuum
In. Hg
Gauge
Box
Temp
°F
Probe
Temp
°F
Stack
Press
In.
Stack
Temp.
°F
I
co
co
1.0
J^L.
(e,C>
3*10
2-2
0,12
Z'f
&&&
5% a
no
7.0
eaoc.
7.0
303
7,0
6.J1
3Vo
I-/
a?
«*•<>
2LSL
_Q££
Llia.
-------
PARTICULATE CLEANUP SHEET
Date: //
Run Number: <*-
Operator:
Sample Box No.
Plant:
Location Of Sample Port: (
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature
f~
F
nc>6$'*? g
Probe, Cyclone, Flask
And Front Of Filter
Acetone Wash:
Container No.
Extra No.
Weight Results
_g
Filter Papers and Dry Filter Particulate
Filter No. Container No. Filter No. Container No.
Filter Particulate
Weight 6-63^* g
Total Particulate
Weight
g
% Moisture By Volume
-338-!
-------
Date -
Plant
OXIDES OF NITROGEN FIELD DATA
11/12 4 t,/i7
Ti o c Q - Car Crack
Sample Collected By
Field Data
II
Clock Time
Flask number
Volume of flask (ml)
Pressure before sampling in. Hg.
Pressure after sampling, in. Hg.
Flask temperature, °F
•lots
1
2011
2,S
^^v4AAHaHM^HB
an
10
///S
2
Z038
OMvftBHIItMMIIIW
2W
70
ll/o
3
2029
•••••••••v^b
2UI
90
1*3$-
y
&28
•WV««0>M»>~
tf,6l
90
13 os
5"
202 S
" 1 •*,• 1 • 1
21.61
9o
/£oo
t,
Zosz
^I^V^I^P^^I^^I^
#,6/
V«VV^HM«<«VI
M.bl
90
/syc
2
^ost,
•••••VBWVHi
2f-6/
9o
//,
* Flask + valve - 25 ml. for absorbing solution
-339-
-------
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
Material Sampled For
Date
Plant
-3o
Location
&
Bar. Pressure ^ lf,
Ambient Temp
Run No /
"Hg
Comments :
*/
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes
Operator
No
1 x
Clock
Time
z:*f
-2- Jo
A' ^
*' D -?
*"^ £*t f*-. °*> • *~J
*) *J *7 3 /
j*\ «*N^C ^/» ys»
^-? -iy f
5 J?-2 7. 3
/
Pitot
in. H20
&P
^-f
^-7
0.*^
/
^.f
Orifice
in H20
AH
*/
&•/
6./
. /
o-l
Temperatures Op
Stack
sff
^
fff
£
-------
Material Sampled For
Date /l//7/7l'
Plant
Bar. Pressure
Ambient Temp
Run No
GAS SAMPLING FIELD DATA
/ ^
•y ^- _
_ Location
Comments : r^CC
\ teener #!
'Hg
"'/*
? A/6r 6 /••<
Power Stat Setting
Filter Used: Yes
Operator C
No
Clock
Time
Meter
CFt.3)
Pitot
in. H20
AP
Orifice
in H20
AH
O-S
Temperatures Op
Stack
Probe
Coil
Impinger
In Out
Comments: /3. • .rfi> j-
-341-
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-77-014
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
4/TITLE AND SUBTITLE
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
Point Source Emission Inventory
5. REPORT DATE
March 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Fred E. Littman, Robert W. Griscom, and Otto Klein
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rockwell International
Air Monitoring Center
11650 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-1081
Task Order 55
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory- RTP.NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final • •
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Emission data from stationary point sources in the St. Louis Interstate Air
Quality Control Region were gathered during 1975. Data for "criteria" pollutants
were obtained on an hourly basis. Emissions from large sources were based on
hourly, measured values of pertinent operating parameters. Those from smaller
sources, between 10 and 1000 tons per year, were based on annual data modified
by a detailed operating pattern. Examples of the data are presented in the
report. The full set of data are available from the RAPS Data Bank.
An emission factor verification program was initiated by testing typical
sources using standard EPA methods. Results indicate good agreement for S0_
values. Data for NO and particulates originating from combustion sources
indicate that the existing factors are too high by variable but substantial ;
amounts.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Emission
*Data
Collection
St. Louis, MO
Stationary point
sources
13B
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. S
21. NO. OF PAGES
350
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
342
-------