EPA-600/2-76-303
December 1976
Environmental Protection Technology Series
   METHODOLOGY FOR  ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL
                  IMPLICATIONS  AND TECHNOLOGIES:
                        Nonferrous  Metals Industries
                                 Industrial Environmental Research Laborator
                                     Office of Research and Development
                                     U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                            Cincinnati, Ohio 45268

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                RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES

Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped  into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further development and application of
environmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The five series are:

     1.    Environmental Health Effects Research
     2.    Environmental Protection Technology
     3.    Ecological Research
     4.    Environmental Monitoring
     5.    Socioeconomic Environmental Studies

This report  has been  assigned  to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
TECHNOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and
demonstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent
environmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This
work provides the new  or improved technology required for the control and
treatment of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.

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                                              EPA-600/2-76-303
                                              December 1976
    METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL
   IMPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES:   NONFERROUS
              METALS INDUSTRIES
                      by

         E. S. Bartlett and R.  A.  Wood
                   BATTELLE
             Columbus Laboratories
             Columbus, Ohio  43201
            Contract No.  68-02-1323
                  Task No.  54
                Project Officer
               M.  J.  Stasikowski
     Metals & Inorganic Chemicals Branch
Industrial  Environmental  Research Laboratory
           Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
     OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
    U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
         CINCINNATI, OHIO  45E68

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                     DISCLAIMER
     This report has been reviewed by the Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved
for publication.  Approval does not signify that the
contents necessarily reflect the views and policies
of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial products con-
stitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
                          n

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                        FOREWORD


     When energy and material resources are extracted,
processed, converted, and used, the related pollutional
impacts on our environment and even on our health often
require that new and increasingly more efficient pollu-
tion control methods be used.  The Industrial  Environ-
mental Research Laboratory-Cincinnati (lERL-Ci) assists
in developing and demonstrating new and improved meth-
odologies that will meet these needs both efficiently
and economically.

     The subject of this report is the development of
a methodology for maintaining awareness of the environ-
mental implications of nonferrous metals technology.
Although the direct results have only limited range
of utilization, the structure of the proposed program
and options can be readily applied to almost any field
where there is a necessity to maintain a high level
of technical awareness of new development with limited
in-house staff.  Therefore, anyone within EPA, other
Governmental Agency, or Research Institutes can adapt
the products of this study to meet their own needs.
Further information for this study may be obtained by
contacting the Industrial Pollution Control Division,
Metals and Inorganic Chemicals Branch.
                                 David G. Stephan
                                     Director
                             Industrial Environmental
                               Research Laboratory
                                    Cincinnati
                             m

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                                 ABSTRACT


     This research program was initiated with the objectives of defining
and considering alternative philosophies and methodoligies for information
collection, analysis, and presentation, and as a result of such investiga-
tion, to design a system for maintaining current awareness of the environ-
mental implications deriving from the technology of the nonferrous metals
industry.  A further objective was to estimate the level  of effort required
to implement the detailed plans developed.

     The approach used in satisfying the objectives of this study involved
several steps.  Methodologies and philosophies of several metal information
centers and systems serving functions similar to the desired function were
examined.  Elements of such systems were found to include operations con-
cerning information identification, collection, indexing, storage, retrieval,
selection, analysis, and preparation of outputs releasable to users in
several forms.  Each of these functions was considered in light of the
specific EPA need.

     Detailed components of system elements, such as periodical literature,
abstract publications, company annual reports, and research-in-progress data
bases, were studied in sampling operations to form a basis for assessing  the
value of selected information sources.  The results of these investigations
(for example, the discovery that about 60 periodical publications permit  the
coverage of the bulk of reportable information on a wide range and scope  of
nonferrous metals and processes) set the stage for designing an information
system to serve the awareness function.

     Interaction between the EPA Task Officer and project personnel, spe-
cifically guidance regarding the preferred options to be developed in detail
(selected from an input-output option matrix with associated relative rates-
of-effort information), allowed for the development of a recommended system
regarding the considered task.  The recommended input-output elements
include primary reliance upon a preferred list of periodicals (about 60)
as an information source, selection and analysis by a senior technologist
of information deemed significant, and preparation of output in the form of
an Awareness Bulletin.

     Important augmenting and auxiliary operations include  (1) utilization
of other information sources that might be available from symposia, company
annual reports, abstract services, and industry specialists, and  (2)
                                      IV

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establishment of interactive communications between "Bulletin" generators
and users on a timely basis so that output remains current but perhaps
evolutionary in form and content to best serve EPA user awareness needs.

     The details of the recommended format for the Awareness Bulletin as
well as for an initial taxonomy suggested as an aid in the continuous
filing of issued "Bulletins" are also described.   Rates of effort required
to conduct each system component are estimated, along with the total  cost of
the exemplary operation, designed to achieve the  EPA awareness function.

     The study of methodologies applicable to developing an "awareness
system" was conducted under Contract 68-02-1323,  Task No.  54, in  support
of USEPA Milestone 2.1 07A-01.  The investigative effort began in mid-
March, 1976, and work was completed as of June 4, 1976.

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                                 CONTENTS

Foreword	    iii
Abstract	     iv
Figure and Tables	     ix
    1.  Introduction	      1
    2.  Conclusions	      3
    3.  Recommendations	      4
    4.  Discussion of Information System Models	      6
           Information Sources and Input methodology 	      6
              Written Literature 	      6
              Oral Communications	      8
              Research in Progress 	      9
           Information Indexing, Storage, and Retrieval	     10
              Transitory Method	     10
              Temporal Filing	     10
              Permanent Filing 	     11
           Information Analysis	     12
           Output Options	     14
              Cut-and-Paste Output 	     14
              Periodic Newsletter Output 	     15
              Topical In-Depth Reports 	     16
              Interactive Inquiry Answering Service	     18
    5.  The Option Matrix—Relative Rates of Effort Required	     20
    6.  Information and Source Sampling	     22
           Periodicals	     22
              Basis for Selecting Candidate Periodicals	     22
              Precursive Search and Tally Results	     23

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                                 CONTENTS
                               (continued)
                 Initial Search and Sampling Study 	    23
                 Expanded Search and Sampling Study	    25
                    U.S., British and Canadian Periodicals 	    26
                    Foreign Published Periodicals	    31
           Abstracts and Other Information Services	    37
           Company Annual Reports	    39
    7.  Description of Recommended Options 	    40
           Introduction	    40
           Information Sources 	    40
           Information Analysis	    53
           Information Output	    54
              The Newsletter Format	    54
              The In-Depth Topical Report	    58
              Communications 	    58
           Rate of Effort Estimates	    59
              Input from Periodicals	    59
                 Screening	    59
                 Copying Service 	    59
                 Translation	    61
                 Selection for Review and Analysis 	    61
              Other Inputs	    61
                 Library Abstract Services 	    61
                 Meetings and Visits	    61
              Review and Analysis	    61
              Awareness Bulletin Publication and Distribution	    62
              Supportive Activities	    62
              Summary of Estimated Rate of Effort	    62
APPENDICES
   A.  Alphabetical Listing of All Domestic and Foreign Periodi-
       cals Examined for Pertinency to the Awareness Task   	    65
   B.  COMAT Retrieval Description 	    75
                                    vi i i

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                                  FIGURE


Number                                                                  Page

  1   A Possible Awareness Bulletin Format 	     56
                                  TABLES

Number

  1   The Option Matrix For An Information System to Serve The
        Needs of EPA Regarding Nonferrous Metals Technology
        (Based Only On Input From Periodical Literature) 	     21

  2   Number and Percent of Pertinent Information Items Found
        by Category (Metals Species And Processing Operation)  ...     24

  3   Rank Order Listing of United States, British, And
        Canadian Periodicals Examined For Pertinency to Aware-
        ness Task	     27

  4   Rank Order Listing Of Foreign Publications Examined
        For Pertinency To Awareness Task 	     32

  5   Periodicals Recommended As Information Sources For The
        USEPA Awareness Task (Domestic and Foreign Publica-
        tion Subgroups Listed In Priority Order) 	     41

  6   Periodicals Recommended As Information Sources For The
        USEPA Awareness Task (Domestic And Foreign Publica-
        tion Subgroups Listed In Alphabetical Order) 	     46

  7   Sample Classification And Indexing System Recommended
        For Use In Reporting And Filing Information Items
        Presented In Awareness Bulletins 	     57

  8   Summary of Number of Periodical Issues Recommended To
        Be Screened For Each Bimonthly Awareness Bulletin	     60

  9   Estimated Annual Rate of Effort in Man-Hours And Other
        Costs By Activity For The Awareness Bulletin Task  	     63

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                                 SECTION 1

                               INTRODUCTION

     The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has expressed  a need
for a formal mechanism to maintain current awareness of the environmental
implications of technology in the nonferrous metals industry.   This  study
was conducted in response to that need in support of Milestone 2.1  07A-01.
Its objectives were as follows:

     (1)  Define and consider alternative philosophies and method-
          ologies for prompt information gathering, analysis,  and
          presentation.

     (2)  Select those options that appear to meet the expressed
          EPA needs most effectively.

     (3)  Develop detailed operational plans and activities for
          the options selected.

     (4)  Estimate the level of effort associated with the detailed
          plans.

     For this study, the nonferrous metals industry is considered to comprise
all facets of the production of marketable nonferrous metals,  except fuels
(uranium and thorium), and nonferrous metals processing within the  ferroalloy
industry.  Included are mining, milling, and metal-producing operations as
well as the production of metals from secondary resources.  The technology
considered is primarily that associated with the direct processes whereby
the metals are won from the earth or reclaimed from scrap.  However, ancil-
lary processes, such as power generation and pollution control processes,
are included in considerations, insofar as they are directly practiced by  the
nonferrous metals industry.  For example, reports describing the character-
istics of a new type of bag house that might be only incidentally applicable
to the lead industry would not be within the scope of methodology definition,
but a report of the actual use of this new bag house by the lead industry
would.

     The focus of the EPA need is on an assessment of environmental  impacts.
Thus, only technology descriptions, comments, etc., that are stated or could
be inferred to effect an environmental impact would be considered by any of
the plans recommended for implementation as a result of this study.  In this
context, information on emerging technology (R&D, pilot plant, and prototype
operations) and the processes involved will be of obvious import.  Likewise,
intelligence relating to a gradual industrial shift from one process flow to
another (e.g., the total abandonment of horizontal zinc retorting that became

                                      1

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fait accompli in 1975) must be an awareness target.   Continuing technology
statements would be of interest only in the event that environmental  con-
siderations become better defined or understood as a result of the new data
that might be contained.

     A constraint in the development of the alternative models for serving
the awareness function was that the considered operations should be conducted
at a relatively modest rate of effort -- that is, about 1 man-year per year.
This restriction placed obvious limits on coverage and functional  operations
to be considered.  The models developed generally conformed to this
constraint.

     This report describes the approach used to develop the various method-
ological options and the recommended system along with rate-of-effort
requirements designed to meet the USEPA needs.

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                               SECTION 2

                              CONCLUSIONS

     This study of the methodologies for maintaining awareness  and  assessing
the environmental  implications of nonferrous  metals  technology  resulted  in
the following conclusions:

(1)  The basic elements of a preferred methodology to serve  the awareness
     requirements of USEPA regarding nonferrous  metals technology and
     associated environmental  concerns are:

          o  Location and input of significant information.
          o  Selective culling, review, and  analysis of input information.
          o  Preparation and output of a periodic  report on  the information
             in the form of an Awareness Bulletin.

(2)  Input information to satisfy the awareness  requirements could  rely  on:

          o  Pertinent periodical literature  for primary input  (about  60
             preferred periodicals could afford  coverage)
          o  Technical conference information to augment other  input
             (attendance and correspondence  could  afford coverage)
          o  New, confirming,  or ancillary information obtained from
             cognizant government and industry specialists.

(3)  Information selection, review, analysis, and  output operations should  be
     conducted by a senior technologist having skills and familiarity  with:

          o  Nonferrous metallurgy and its industry
          o  Environmental aspects of the industry and the USEPA mission
          o  Information systems operations

(4)  Input-output strategy and associated subject taxonomy should be develop-
     ed by operator-user interaction in an evolutionary process to  continually
     serve the USEPA information needs.

(5)  Awareness Bulletin periodic output should contain information  in  a  brief
     but comprehensive style with subject matter and format  amenable to  a
     continuous filing system.

(6)  Information outputs in the form of in-depth topical reports and inquiry
     answering services commonly ancillary to information systems  are  not
     necessary to the basic function of the considered task.

(7)  The desired objective could be accomplished with annual funding equiva-
     lent to somewhat less than one technical man-year of effort.

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                                SECTION 3

                             RECOMMENDATIONS

     In accord with the findings of this task,  and  as  guided  by statements
of preference by the USEPA Task Officer, the following recommendations  are
made:

     (1)  USEPA should initiate a research  support  program  designed
          to provide continuing awareness of technical  progress within
          selected segments of the nonferrous metals  industry,  and to
          assess the technology relative to actual  or potential
          environmental issues.

     (2)  The methodology recommended for this  considered program is
          as follows:

          (a)  Input would be supplied on the primary basis of  about
               60 preferred domestic and foreign  periodical publica-
               tions.  These would be screened  to extract articles
               of potential value.  A selection of  most pertinent
               information items would be culled  from these screened
               items.  A limited and carefully  selected number  of
               translations of foreign language items is anticipated.
               This primary information source  would  be augmented by
               information from selected conferences  (attendance at
               two), from personal visitations  to selected  govern-
               ment and industry specialists (8 to  12), and from
               pertinent report and patent  literature.  Information
               coverage would be checked by occasional library
               searches of abstract services.

          (b)  Selected information obtained from the above sources
               would be reviewed, analyzed  for  environmental  impli-
               cations, and summarized preparatory  to the  issuing of
               Awareness Bulletins on a bimonthly schedule.  It is
               further recommended that the Awareness Bulletin  format
               should include pagination classification according to
               a subject classification that would  include  metal,
               process, and major area of environmental implication,
               where these are defined.  Issues of  this bulletin
               would be concise textual, and, as  warranted, data
               summary statements, and are  currently estimated to
               be about 10 pages in length.

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(3)  The operation of the considered awareness  task should  be
     managed, and much of the work conducted, by a  senior tech-
     nologist having skills and familiarity with nonferrous metal-
     lurgy, its industry, the associated  environmental  aspects,
     the USEPA mission, and information systems operations.

(4)  A one man-year level of effort is recommended  as being ade-
     quate to perform recommended methodology.   The estimate in-
     cludes a 10 percent increment for costs and services (e.g.,
     fiscal reporting requirements, telephone and letter communi-
     cations with EPA, coordination and administrative  effort, etc.)
     not directly related to the primary  operation  of Awareness
     Bulletin preparation and publication.   It  does not include a
     fee, as would be applicable to a research  contract, nor does
     it consider possible cost sharing in the event that the
     activities are conducted on a grant  basis.

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                                SECTION 4

                  DISCUSSION OF INFORMATION  SYSTEM  MODELS
INFORMATION SOURCES AND INPUT METHODOLOGY

     A most important aspect of developing an  information  system is  obtain-
ing the information to be treated.   In  such a  task  for EPA,  the  overriding
need will  be to maintain current awareness of  the future trends  and  the
status of current technology relative to the impact of the nonferrous  metals
industry upon environmental  quality.  Emphasis in the  procuring  of informa-
tion must, therefore, be upon the timeliness of information.   It will  not
be sufficient to include information  that is several months  old  if the EPA
planning functions, resulting from the  output  of such  a task,  are to be
timely and pertinent.

     There are three basic sources  of information and  data.  These are the
written literature, oral communications and personal contacts, and research
and development in progress.  Most of the progress  in  technology in  the
maintaining of supplies and production  of nonferrous metals  occurs within
the industry.  Further, because of proprietary interests,  the  major  reliance
on information from industry must be  upon the  open  literature.  However,
considerations and suggested methodologies to  collect  information from all
three types of sources are discussed  in the following  paragraphs.

Written Literature

     To assess various methods in popular use  for accessing  information,
personnel  of several library and information services  in operation at
Battelle's Columbus Laboratories were consulted. Of particular  interest
were methods of culling information from trade publications  and  the  open
technical  literature.  The information  centers surveyed were:

     o  Metals and Ceramics Information Center (MCIC)
     o  Copper Data Center
     o  Iron Information Center
     o  Cobalt Information Center.

These centers include the functions of  specific information  acquisition,
storage, review, analysis, and topical  reporting within their scopes of
activity.   Some of these centers have been in  existence for greater than
20 years, and current methodologies have evolved over a number of years.

     Library operations were also investigated.  In general, the basic
function of a library is to acquire,  store, and retrieve  publications for

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users.  Among the services offered are interlibrary loans, literature
searches, journal circulation, article reproduction, and translation.  In
addition to the Battelle Main Library, the following topically-oriented
library functions at Battelle were reviewed:

     o  Economics Library
     o  Foreign Science Library
     o  ERDA Library
     o  Environmental Library (also known as the Environmental
          Information and Analysis Center)
     o  Battelle Energy Information Center

Subscription lists for each of these operations were available  for review.

     Access to written literature may be provided by two methods—manual
searching and machine searching.  Most technical libraries maintain link.
with several of the various computer data banks that exist.  (The EPA Infor-
mation Center in Cincinnati is typical of major libraries that  offer this
service.)  On-line and batch searching services of information  and data banks
such as COMPENDEX (Engineering Index Monthly), SSIE (Smithsonian Science
Information Exchange), NTIS (National Technical Information Service), and
CHEMCON (Chemical Abstracts) are routinely available.  In context with the
timeliness requirements of an awareness task, the major question is whether
computerized data bases can be expected to fulfill the EPA need.  To address
this, issues of Engineering Index Monthly and Chemical Abstracts were
briefly perused.  In both cases, it was found that normally a 3- to 6-month
lag occurs between the original article publication and its recording in the
abstract journal.  (The machine and published indices are about concurrent.)
In some cases, the lag may be a year or more.  At best, these major and
comprehensive abstracting services are marginal in relation to  the timeliness
required by EPA.  As a consequence, we consider that the literature input
function for the considered task to maintain awareness of technology in non-
ferrous metals production should result from manual perusal of pertinent
journals, transactions, proceedings, and other periodicals as near as pos-
sible to their dates of issue.  In general, computer searches from abstracts
might be used effectively as a postmortem exercise to check the degree of
coverage completeness by the manual perusal of a preferred publication list.

     Manual searches, then, are recommended as the backbone of the input
function of operations to fulfill the EPA awareness need.  Such searching is
a commonplace activity of information centers.  At Battelle, it is routinely
practiced by MCIC and the Copper, Iron, and Cobalt Information Centers.  The
search scenario is as follows:

     (1)  Through experience, the center develops a list of most use-
          ful publications to be screened.  Useful taxonomies are
          developed by center operators and users to assist document
          limitation.

     (2)  The staff member(s) spend(s) time in the library(ies)
          screening tables of contents of publications for articles

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          pertinent to the particular center's  interest.   For  some
          publications, page-by-page scanning of selected  documents
          is conducted.

     (3)  When an item or article of interest is found,  its  identifi-
          cation is recorded, and a log is  usually kept  of "hits" on
          a journal-by-journal  basis to assist  in updating preferred
          publication listings.   When perusal of the  publication  is
          finished, the library  service group makes the  indicated
          copies and sends them  to a specialist at the center  for a
          more judicious decision as to merit and for analysis as
          apropos.

     The above input methodology is recommended for the  EPA  awareness  task.
Trade magazines and papers, technical  journals, transactions,  proceedings,
patent gazettes, company annual  reports, and selected (short-lag) abstract-
ing services are among the documents recommended for  coverage. Detailed/
prototypical lists  are presented in a later section of this  report.

     Literature in  foreign languages, where it  is covered  by the  centers,
is managed in much  the same manner.  Translation, when required, may neces-
sitate some compromise in timeliness unless the analyst  is skilled  in  many
languages.  To facilitate screening of some foreign language journals, a
limited table-of-contents translation service is offered by  the Foreign
Science Library (FSL) at Battelle on a cost basis. Selected journals  are
screened for the information centers by various analysts who are  versed in
the particular languages.  Of the Soviet Union  and East  European  foreign
literature recommendations selected by the  EPA  project officer for  poten-
tial utility, several were published in English, had  English abstracts, had
English tables of contents, or were available with a  table of  contents
translation automatically produced by FSL.

     The same methodology, but also including the required translation
services, is recommended in dealing with foreign language  inputs  as for the
English language literature.

Oral Communications

     Specialists at Battelle are in continual contact with various  industry
segments relating to nonferrous  metals production as  well  as selected
government agencies with common  interests.   Up-to-date  information  might
become available from time to time from this source.   Beyond this,  specific
periodic contacts with personnel in selected government  agencies  (e.g.,
Interior, Commerce, EPA, and possibly HEW would be federal groups with
known or likely common interests) are recommended. Selected trade  associa-
tions are another likely source  of nonpublished information, and  discreet
cultivation of these sources is  recommended.  Such contacts should be con-
ducted on a more or less casual  basis of information—and  viewpoint—exchange,
but occasional personal visits (e.g., semiannually or annually) should be
planned to develop  and maintain  information sources.


                                      8

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     A further source of information that would add significantly to the
input required for a good awareness posture would be attendance at selected
major meetings, conferences, seminars, etc.  Attendance at such gatherings
wherein the subject matter is pertinent to developments in the nonferrous
metals processing industry and/or its environmental implications would be
appropriate.  (We note that the AIME annual meeting proceedings provided
the bulwark of the Potter/Bureau of Mines' report draft to EPA concerning
the copper smelting/refining industry.)  In some cases, seminar transactions
are prepublished, and, in others, proceedings are not available for several
months following presentation at the meeting.  In any event, such seminar
meetings are well supported with industrial inputs, and this would provide
a major, perhaps almost exclusive basis for establishing and/or maintaining
a rapport with representatives of industry.  Attendance at a few carefully
selected seminars/symposia, perhaps two to four per year, would be a poten-
tially useful methodological option.

Research in Progress

     Research in progress is the forerunner of emerging technology which
will set the pace for developments in the nonferrous metals producing
industry.  To round out the.awareness of present and future activities,
continuing cognizance of research in progress is recommended.  In the case
of industrially funded and conducted research, truly useful information
will be difficult, if not impossible, to obtain from sources other than
the published literature.  For government-funded studies that may bear
upon the topic, several sources of information are available.  These range
from reports of contract awards to accessible data banks containing infor-
mation on contracts in force.  Such information is available for many
government agencies.  Sources include the following:

     o  Smithsonian Scientific Information Exchange
     o  TRIS/DoT
     o  DOC Work Unit Summaries (ERDA 189 information)
     o  ERDA (maintains a computer file at Holifield National Labs)
     o  NASA RTOPS
     o  "Defense/Aerospace Contract Quarterly"
     o  CBD contract awards

     In addition to these better known sources, the national committee on
materials, COMAT, has established an inventory system to allow the subjec-
tive retrieval  of all current federally-funded research and development on
materials from exploration and mining through application and disposal.
This system, which was piloted for FY 76, was accessed for sampling pur-
poses in this task, as described in a later section.

     Periodic retrievals of information (e.g., on a quarterly basis) from
selected sources describing government-sponsored research in progress would
be a useful option.

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INFORMATION INDEXING, STORAGE, AND RETRIEVAL

     The need for establishing an information storage system and  the  most
suitable methodology for information/data management is dictated  by (1)  the
utility required in the application of the information that has been  col-
lected, (2) the quantity of information involved, and (3)  the type of
information involved.  Several options for the management  of information are:

     (1)  transitory collection, analysis, and dispersal

     (2)  temporal filing in a manual  system

     (3)  permanent filing in a manual system

     (4)  temporal filing in a machine system

     (5)  permanent filing in a machine system.

The machine (computer) systems are effective where a large volume of infor-
mation with complex indexing and a multiuse capability may be required.
This is judged not to be the case in meeting the EPA needs of the moment.
Machine systems were not considered for this study.   (The  use of  existing
computerized search and retrieval systems—library and data center resources
--may, however, be a source of input.)  Pertinent options  for information
management are discussed in the following paragraphs.

Transitory Method

     Transitory management implies no formal information storage  at all.
An information analyst would receive a document (or a group of documents)
from the source(s), copy the pertinent pages or otherwise  extract pertinent
information (including reference), conduct an analysis (if that were a
desired part of the output), formally report the information and  its perti-
nence to the task, and return the document to the source.   Further detailing
or analysis of information would require reretrieval of the document from
its source.

Temporal Filing

     Many filing systems include some form of rotating, or temporal, filing.
In this type of filing, documents, articles, abstracts, or extracts of infor-
mation are collected and may be stored subjectively in a limited  filing
space for a prespecified period of time, according to the needs of the infor-
mation task which they will serve.  At the end of the specified time, when
the utility or timeliness of the document is exhausted, it is removed from
the file to make room for more timely records or information.  These, in
turn, are filed on a time-rotating basis.

     Temporal  files are useful in situations where a broad range of  infor-
mation covering a rather large number of documents is to be maintained  in
a limited space, and where only a fraction of the information may be required


                                      10

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on a permanent basis.  Temporal files are usually added to, purged, and
generally maintained on a chronological basis within each subject area.

     As one example of their use, several technical analysts who perform
periodic review functions in specified subject areas for the Metal and
Ceramics Information Center maintain their personal temporal files to
accumulate pertinent information.  In their periodic preparation of re-
views, the files are retrieved, used, and then purged when the formal
review is written, as there will be no more need for this particular file.
Library periodical shelves are another example of "temporal files".  In
this case, when they are purged, their contents are usually either bound
and returned to permanent stacks or sent to a morgue.

     Depending upon the option that may be selected by EPA to perform the
monitoring of nonferrous metals' status of technology, temporal  files might
be of service.  They could form the exclusive filing method, or they might
be used in conjunction with a permanent system.

Permanent Filing

     If the volume of information is large or if ready access to a moderate-
ly sized information bank is desired, a permanent filing system should be
established.  This would probably be the case if an option calling for an
interactive inquiry answering system or in-depth topical surveys were to be
selected by EPA.

     It is suggested that options calling for permanent files use a manual
filing system.  The files could comprise either standard 4- or 5-drawer
document files or suitable shelving to receive copies of literature articles,
reports, memoranda, etc.  Each document filed would be assigned a document
number, and would be filed sequentially according to that number.  An index-
ing system could be selected that would use manually punched cards (e.g.,
McBee keysort cards), according to the industrial process, the metal or
metals referenced, type of environmental impact, pollutant, date of refer-
ence, and other useful information.  The index card also would bear all
necessary reference information.  Frequently, such an indexing system also
contains an abstract of the information presented on the index card.  How-
ever, it is not recommended that abstracts be written for indexing purposes
in this case.  To do so would, we believe, add substantially to the level
of effort required in maintaining the file and indexing system without
appreciable benefit to EPA.  The inclusion of abstracts might be cost-
effective only in the event that a duplicate file of index cards were to be
maintained for searching, for example, at IERL in Cincinnati.

     With this type of indexing system, file searching  is done by serially
inserting spindles in the appropriate holes in the index cards.  Those
that are punched according to the serial code fall out  and are retrieved.
This is readily done manually for small index holdings, or by machine where
several drawers of index cards are to be searched.  Manual operations would
be appropriate, at least to start, for any option EPA might select that


                                      11

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would require an index file.  Presuming that EPA wishes to continue the
analysis task for several years, drawers for index cards should be separated
by years.

INFORMATION ANALYSIS

     A key factor in a successful and viable information analysis system
is the experience and background of the analyst.  An analyst must rapidly
absorb a large amount of data, sort and select materials that are relevant
and prepare an output designed to match the needs for which the analysis
was conducted.

     The primary objective of the awareness task will be to provide an out-
put describing and/or analyzing the technologies in the nonferrous metals
industry relative to their environmental implications.

     The attributes that will be required by the information analysts to
perform the desired awareness task include a background in (1) the non-
ferrous metals industry and  (2) the USEPA mission and the specific objec-
tives of lERL's Metals and Inorganics Branch, Industrial Pollution Control
Division.

     In the information selection function, independent of the output re-
quired, the specialist must establish a classification scheme based upon
both the specific characteristics of the nonferrous metals industry and the
detailed requirements of USEPA, IERL in this area.  In general, taxonomies
evolve as a function of experience, becoming more refined in response to
feedback from both the information sources and the users.

     Selection of pertinent information would be based upon topics mutually
agreed upon between the researchers in the awareness task group and the
USEPA task officer.  As the program progresses, interaction between the
users of the current awareness "newsletters", or other output, would pro-
vide feedback which would be a factor in the modification of taxonomy
and analysis strategy.

     Generally, a study and analysis function involves fragmenting a
specific topic into meaningful segments to which the information analyst
can match (if possible) available new data.  The output of this process
depends upon the type of current information that impinged upon the
specialist and his ability to compose a meaningful response.  The ability
of the researcher to segment topics, manipulate the old and new informa-
tion into the most meaningful arrangements--to synthesize an output from
this process--!s the essence of analysis.

     In the following sections, the techniques used in the selection
function and study and analysis functions will be described for three  levels
of output ("newsletter", summary or synopsis reports, and in-depth analysis
reports such as a state-of-the-art review).
                                      12

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     As will be discussed, the awareness "newsletter" output involves a
minimal amount of study and/or analysis of the information.  Its usefulness
depends upon the analyst's skill in culling the salient information from a
\fcriety of sources and then briefly describing not only the nonferrous
industry activity(ies) but also the potential for impact on the environment.

     Consider, for example, the broad topic, hydrometallurgy, as applied
to in situ extraction of copper-bearing material.  The open literature in
this area indicates not only that laboratory studies are yielding promising
results but also government and industry field and pilot studies are ongoing.
This background knowledge and a newly available article on this topic would
allow the analyst to write a short description of (1) the process and results
to date and (2) potential impact on the environment.  By itself, the article
might not permit an analysis in the breadth desired.  The "newsletter" topic
might draw upon three or four sources of information in one month, none the
next month, etc.

     Over a period of time, this topic might be judged to be of sufficient
importance to warrant a semiannual synopsis, possibly a special bulletin.
For this case, the analyst would perform a more rigorous and detailed analy-
sis of the literature (and other sources), factoring in judgment where
conflicting data are present, and assessing environmental impacts based upon
more stringent criteria than would be possible for monthly "newsletter"
iterns.

     The overview provided by this level of analysis could be quite valuable
to the USEPA in that it could focus attention on a technology that is rapid-
ly evolving and track such evolution over a finite time period.

     The ultimate level-of-effort in information analysis is characterized
as an in-depth study of a selected topic.  This level of effort would re-
quire development of a specific set of objectives to be met by the research-
er.  Once the objectives have been established, the information required,
the extent of analysis, and additional information sources or specialists
that must be contacted would be apparent.  In general, the analyst would
draw upon experts to provide specific inputs (such as econometrics or
pollution control or regional planning).  These additional inputs, as well
as the output of the information analyst, would be reported in a formal
document whose format would be designed specifically to meet the current
awareness needs of USEPA.

     In summary, the analysis of information is dependent upon the cognitive
skills of the researchers involved.  The taxonomy developed in conjunction
with the USEPA task officer will provide the bases for selection of perti-
nent data.  Different levels of study and analysis for developing different
kinds of output ("newsletters", synopsis, and in-depth analysis) and corre-
spondingly different levels of effort would be required.
                                     13

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OUTPUT OPTIONS

     The output element is dependent upon  and,  in  some  cases,  limited  by
selection of complexity and scope of the other  elements.   The  output options
considered for the EPA nonferrous metals information  need  range  from a
simple to a sophisticated form and,  in  each  case,  are consistent with  the
various complexities of the input and storage elements  being considered. We
suggest four basic output forms as options,  and, of course, combinations of
these forms could be selected if deemed necessary  to  fulfill the EPA re-
quirement.  The basic output options are as  follows:

     (1)  Selected information is copied then presented in a cut-
          and-paste format without analysis  or  comment.

     (2)  Selected information is extracted  and briefly analyzed
          regarding environmental implications, then  presented
          in a periodically issued newsletter.

     (3)  Selected topical information  is  collected and an
          in-depth analysis regarding environmental implications
          is presented in a formal report.

     (4)  Selected information is retrieved  and disseminated
          with or without brief analysis and comment  in an
          interactive inquiry-answering service.   (Requires
          establishment of an indexing  and storage element.)

Descriptions of these output forms are  given in the following  sections.

Cut-and-Paste Output

     The cut-and-paste output option is the  least  sophisticated  output
form considered.  This form consists of a  collection  of pertinent  items
and articles assembled under a suitable cover passed  directly  to the user
without analysis or comment.  The mechanics  involved  are very  simple,  and,
as noted in a later section, could be accomplished with minimum  funding.
Assuming that the information-collection operation (from whatever  sources
coverage might be selected) includes a  culling  or  selection of items for
pertinency, the first step required  is  the copying (e.g., Xerox) of
articles.*  The copying of abstracts or extracts might  be deemed sufficient
for some items.  A second step is the grouping  of  items by related topics
(or by some other scheme), if that is possible, and composing  a  suitable
layout for an ordered presentation.   The paste-up  of  items on  layout  sheets
and the photoreduction (e.g., Xerox) of these sheets, if that  might be
required, is the next step.  A final step  would be the  reproduction of the
number of copies required from the master  layout.   Details of  the  opera-
tion would include such mechanics as the preparation  of a cover sheet  noting
"To, From, Date, and Subject", checking that each  item  copied  was  fully
   Permission to copy would be required for any material  covered under
   copyright laws.

                                     14

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identified regarding source, stapling or otherwise fastening cover and copy
sheets together, and delivery to the user(s).  Apart from the identifica-
tion notations on the cover and articles, the cut-and-paste format would
not include any comments or analytical remarks regarding item content. The
frequency of issuance for cut-and-paste documents that might be prepared
could be attuned to the volume of information becoming available consistent
with program funding.

Periodic Newsletter Output

     An excellent example of the "Newsletter"-type output of information
systems is the MCIC* Review of Metals Technology document issued weekly on
a variety of topics, for example,"Refractory Metals, A Review of Selected
Developments".  These documents are designed to inform a user with interest
in selected topics concerning pertinent literature, company activities,
product availability, industry events, etc.  Brief summaries of activities,
data, and information are presented that are a step beyond mere abstracts
or extracts of information, but are not in-depth analyses of events.   The
adaptation of this format to serve the EPA need is easily envisioned.   The
adaptation might be labeled Awareness Bulletin, Nonferrous Metals Technology
(subtitle, An Analysis of Recent Developments) and contain write-ups  regard-
ing environmental implications of activities and information of recent
vintage pertinent to the nonferrous metals interest of EPA.

     An "Awareness Bulletin" of the above type could be prepared for  issu-
ance on a periodic  basis to cover the technology revealed by the informa-
tion collection operation.  The following preparation steps are suggested:

     (1)  Selection of a number of the most meaningful documents,
          articles, and items of pertinence to the EPA nonferrous
          metals program based on the experienced judgment of the
          preparers as well as the "ground rules" that would be
          established by the user.  (It should be noted that, al-
          though a selection process is inherent in the information-
          collection operation, an additional culling or selection
          process would probably be required to choose and limit,
          according to relevance, the items for presentation in a
          single issue of an "Awareness Bulletin".)

     (2)  Organization of information items according to topic or
          some other scheme and preparation of a draft text that
          would summarize the technology and present an analysis,
          including environmental implications.  Based on the
          extent and availability of source data, quantitative
          treatment might be possible.  However, in most cases, it
          is considered likely that only a modest qualitative
          analysis could be worked up.  Technology summaries and
          analyses might cover single source items or several items.
          if several are found to describe a single related technology.
*  MCIC, Metals and Ceramics Information Center (DOD sponsored).

                                     15

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      (3)  Editorial and technical content of the draft text
          would be examined and corrected.  Corrected text would
          be typed to conform to an appropriate format.  Any
          figures and tabulations required to support the text
          would be drafted, corrected, and prepared as appropriate.

      (4)  Reproduction of the number of copies required for dis-
          tribution.   Depending on the number of copies desired,
          the  "Awareness Bulletin" in "Newsletter" format might
          be reproduced in a simple typed form by Xerox or
          printed by some other photo process from compositype
          master copy, formalized masthead, etc.  A fairly wide
          range of "Newsletter" styles is possible and the style
          that would be appropriate for the EPA effort in terms
          of user preference and funding considerations is select-
          able.  Distribution of copies by mailing is the final
          operation.

Topical In-Depth Reports

      The in-depth state-of-the-art report and the topical analysis report
are two of the more sophisticated output forms possible from an informa-
tion  system.  We consider the draft report to EPA from the U.S. Bureau of
Mines on "Environmental Considerations for Emerging Nonferrous Metal -
Winning Processes" an example of such a report dealing with a narrow
field of air pollution impacts in copper roasting, smelting, converting,
and refining.

      Additional examples of topical and analytical reports issued by MCIC
have  (1) reviewed the titanium industry in the mid-1970's presenting the
state of the art in the technology of titanium production, metallurgy,
availability, and utilization, and (2) analyzed related commodities
(arsenic, asbestos, beryllium, and chromium chemicals) in terms of avail-
ability and utilization with emphasis on determining DOD dependence on
the commodity.

     The above reports did not depend solely on the published literature
as a  source for the information contained.  It is, however, feasible to
prepare an in-depth analytical report of the same type using only litera-
ture  information sources.  Naturally, a more comprehensive report could be
prepared if a very broad source base were available, but, nevertheless, a
rather thorough analysis could be conducted using only a limited base. We
suggest the analytical report as one of the options of an EPA nonferrous
metals information system which could be prepared from whatever information
collection system was selected.

     We further suggest that this option be considered as an "add-on" to
the information system selected.  That is, an in-depth analytical report
might be appropriate as a result of information revealed by periodic
literature searching and reporting.  Separate funding for a topical report
of this type could be tailored to allow the analyst to develop information


                                     16

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from several sources, with the sources of the established information  system
serving as a base.  An analyst working continuously in a particular field
learns the best sources for information rather quickly, and,  if the separate
funding permitted, could enlist the assistance of specialists,  make industry
contacts, etc., to result in a very meaningful product stemming from the
operations of the basic information system.

     The need for a topical in-depth analytical  report might  develop accord-
ing to the following hypothesis and could be prepared according to the
procedures outlined.

     (1)  Information system reveals the development of a new tech-
          nology which makes available a valuable by-product  from
          a nonmetals operation (e.g., alumina from a shale oil
          conversion process).

     (2)  Information system over an extended time period reveals
          a continuous development of the technology, industrial
          investment, and the obvious forthcoming availability  of
          large tonnages of alumina, apart from and in addition
          to the alumina produced by the aluminum industry.

     (3)  The forthcoming changes in the aluminum industry are
          apparent to EPA nonferrous metals personnel, who then
          request an in-depth analysis of the situation.

     (4)  Proposal prepared to cover the additional effort de-
          sired; proposal is accepted, task is negotiated, and
          work is started.

     (5)  Information search is intensified and expanded to most
          appropriate source areas.  (The value of a preexisting
          file system as part of the total information system is,
          of course, apparent for an output of the topical report
          type.)

     (6)  Industry contacts are established, specialists are  con-
          sulted, and other  information sources (e.g., govern-
          ment agencies and industry associations personnel)  are
          engaged to develop a comprehensive collection of data
          and information.

     (7)  The analysis—the report text, figures, and tables--
          is drafted and routed for approvals.

     (8)  The draft is corrected and report reproduction and
          distribution proceeds per standard procedures.
                                     17

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     While the above appears to be precisely the procedure to be followed
in satisfying the EPA requirements for any topical  report, we suggest, that
by building in suitable provisions in the contract  establishing an informa-
tion system (e.g., provisional funds that would not be expended unless
mutually agreed upon for selected tasks), a very timely response could be
achieved by analysts intimately familiar with the total system.  We believe ,
that the topical report option as an "add-on" feature of the total informa-
tion system would be quite advantageous to EPA.

Interactive Inquiry Answering Service

     Information systems of even the simplest kind  are usually called upon
to respond to queries from a variety of sources whether or not the system
is formally prepared for such activity.   Users or  others who might have
heard about the system ask a range of questions—from how to subscribe to
the output services to technical inquiries.  Invariably, questions on prior
references are raised.  Answers to inquiries may be provided which range
from a response "off the top of the head" during a  telephone conversation,
to a rather detailed analytical commentary via letter.  The latter is readily
accomplished only if the information system is set  up to provide this kind
of output service.

     The interactive inquiry answering capability is greatly facilitated,
of course, by the existence of an information indexing and storage system.
Such systems may range from the extremely simple (e.g., merely the memory
of the information system operator) to the sophisticated (e.g., computer
file) as described in a previous section.  The mechanisms employed for
information retrieval from storage also vary, as previously described, and
are often the limiting factor in the response capability.  Collectively,
the indexing, storage, and retrieval elements of the information storage
system need to be set up in the degree of complexity to fit the capabili-
ties of the inquiry answering service planned.

     The Battelle experience in the inquiry answering capability of infor-
mation systems is wide ranging.  A sophisticated information storage and
retrieval system was developed for MCIC and its predecessor organizations
with anticipation that the inquiry answering service was to be one of the
most important output functions of the center.  It  was further anticipated
(and confirmed during operations) that valuable information could be
obtained from those placing inquiries, that users of an inquiry answering
service were a first-rate information source, and that this interactive
operational  mode established the center as the focal point for information
items that were otherwise inaccessible.  The services rendered from this
MCIC capability have ranged the full gamut, from the 5-minute telephone
conversational answer drawing upon the memory of the information specialist,
to the detailed literature search and analysis culminating in a comprehensive
written response.

     Another of the recent Battelle information centers maintained only a
primitive storage  file and usually dealt with inquiries received in
                                     18

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corresponding degree.  A complex inquiry received could not be handled
routinely.  In some instances, the complex inquiry was promoted (at the dis-
cretion of the sponsoring agency) to the rank of a separate task and answered
in a comprehensive manner.

     These experiences are cited to point out that inquiry answering
services of an information center are quite common, either as a planned or
unplanned function.  However, since planning includes only a modest rate
of effort to conduct the considered task, inquiry response would not be a
significant service to be provided.  Should the need develop to provide
more than casual response to infrequent inquiries, provision of this service
would require separate funding by the organization making the inquiry.
                                      19

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                                  SECTION 5

              THE OPTION MATRIX-RELATIVE RATES OF EFFORT REQUIRED

     The several elements of an information system have been described in
 some detail in the preceding section to set the stage for the presentation
 of options for an EPA nonferrous metals system.  We have described the
 various methodologies applicable to information collection, storage, analysis,
 and output forms falling within the constraints that we believe encompass
 the EPA needs and desires.  That is, from the very wide range in scope and
 information coverages possible for the establishment of an information system,
 we have selected element choices believed most appropriate for EPA.  These
 are presented in Table 1, as a matrix that gives a preliminary estimate of
 rates-of-effort for several operational options according to selected degrees
 of coverage of the periodical literature.

     It should be clearly understood that the rates-of-effort estimates
 given  in Table 1 are based on only a partial information sources coverage
 as obtained from only the periodical literature.  The partial sources cover-
 age base represents an arbitrary assumption that the periodical literature
 available would permit 80 percent coverage of all information available.
 Estimates were made based on the rates of effort required to include cover-
 age of only that portion of the information base.  Additional rates of
 effort would be required to cover additional information sources of the
 kinds  suggested in Section 4, subsection on Information Sources and Input
 Methodology (e.g., symposia attendance, personal contact with industry and
 government specialists, etc.).  These first-level estimates were based on
 early  efforts, and were prepared for the exclusive purpose of assisting in
 the definition of preferred options to best meet EPA needs.

     The option matrix given in Table 1 and the basis for its construction
 was discussed in considerable detail with the EPA Task Officer at about
 the middle of this task effort.  The desirability of other sources of input
 (limited meeting attendance and visits) to supplement periodicals input
 also was discussed.  As a result of this discussion, the EPA Officer selected
 as a guide to further refinement, a "Newsletter Output" matched to  "moderate"
 coverage of the periodical literature as the best description of the EPA
 desires.  Formal information indexing and storage necessary to a significant
 inquiry answering service and in-depth topical reports were judged  to be
 beyond the scope of a refined task methodology.  It was further agreed  at
 this time that limited visitations at conferences and with industry and
 government specialists, and limited use of abstract services, would be  useful
 as augmenting information sources.

     From these mid-task guidelines and other discussions, specific recom-
mendations for the awareness task were agreed upon and these are presented
 as the recommended options described in Section 7.


                                     20

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                    TABLE 1.  THE OPTION MATRIX FOR AN INFORMATION  SYSTEM  TO  SERVE    ,
                              THE NEEDS OF EPA REGARDING NONFERROUS METALS TECHNOLOGY(
ro

Output Options' '
Periodic
Literature
Information
Sources
Coverage
Minimal
(^60 %)
^20 Periodicals
Moderate
^0 Periodicals
1
Cut and Paste
Output , x
(No Storage)^'
600
720
2
"Newsletter"
Output / v
(No Storage)10'
1200
1440
3
Storage and
Inquiry / }
Answering Output v '
720
800
4
Topical
In-Depth/ \
Reports^ '
300
400
Combinations
1+3 2 + 3
1320 1920
1520 2240
    Maximum
    (^80 %}
60-70 Periodicals
                           840
1620
840
400 to
 2000
1680   2460
    (a)  Based only on input from periodical literature.

    (b)  Rate of effort estimates are given in man-hours  per year (exclusive of G&A requirements).

    (c)  Output issues would be 12 per year for options 1  and 2,  about  100  per year for option 3, and 1 per
         year for option 4.

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                                  SECTION 6

                         INFORMATION SOURCE SAMPLING

     The primary effort on identification of information sources for the
purpose of providing an awareness function regarding nonferrous metals
technologies and their environmental implications was directed toward
periodicals.  A lesser effort was expended on identifying other information
sources pertinent to the awareness task.  An information source sampling
exercise was conducted.
PERIODICALS

Basis for Selecting Candidate Periodicals

     Both domestic and foreign publications were considered as candidate
sources of information from which a select list of periodicals might be
identified for pertinency to the awareness task.  Initial candidate listings
were obtained from metals oriented information centers operated within
Battelle's Columbus Laboratories and from libraries serving Battelle and
the USEPA.  These rather extensive listings were evaluated by information
specialists and project personnel to select periodicals which had been found
to be the best sources of information (for various special purposes in prior
work) or which appeared to be the most likely sources of information (e.g.,
selected foreign publications).

     Specialists of the Copper Data Center, Metals and Ceramics Information
Center, Iron Information Center, and Cobalt Information Center, provided
gross lists of periodicals that are screened for their operations and identi-
fied select lists of documents which they have found to contain the bulk of
the metals information.  These select lists included some foreign publica-
tions (notably those published in the English language).  An expanded pre-
ferred list of foreign periodicals was generated by a title screening
operation performed by the EPA Project Officer (notably of publications
from the Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries.

     Collectively, candidate periodical listings covered the nonferrous
metals technology reporting from Western Europe, Eastern Europe (including
the Soviet Union), and Asia (including Australia), as well as U.S., British,
and Canadian reporting.  While African and South American periodicals were
included, the coverage was not very extensive (2 periodicals from South
America, 1  from Africa).  Thus, total world coverage of nonferrous metal
technology was believed to be provided on an initial consideration basis
                                      22

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by these preliminary listings (entire list in alphabetical  arrangement is
given in Appendix A).  It is recognized, of course, that additional  period-
icals of pertinence might be identified as an awareness task is  developed
through actual operating experience.

Precursive Search and Tally Results

Initial Search and Sampling Study—
     A selected group of periodicals from the preliminary candidate  listings
was chosen for inclusion in a pilot study directed to ascertain, if  possible,
(1) documents which contain articles and/or items pertinent to the EPA
awareness task, (2) best source documents in terms of number of  pertinent
articles/items, (3) frequency of occurrence of pertinent articles/items per
a taxonomy and per document, and (4) nature of articles/items in terms of  a
metal versus process classification system.  Documents selected  for  this
study were foreign publications'printed in English or having English tables
of contents or English abstracts available, U.S., British, and Canadian
publications identified as being probable sources of nonferrous  metals
information, and a few other selected documents.  A total of 250 issues
from 91 publications were examined (three issues per periodical  where that
was possible).  The examination of these documents resulted in the identi-
fication of 529 items which appeared to be pertinent to the assessment task.
The search and article identifications were based almost entirely on tables
of contents information.

     The relevant title search was conducted to determine the nature of
articles and information items as well as frequency of occurrence per
document.  For this purpose, an elementary taxonomy was developed which
consisted of groupings by metals (those that are commonly produced together
as   product—byproduct or as coproducts) and by metal production processing
operations (e.g., mining, beneficiation, extraction, etc.).  The results of
the title search in terms of this taxonomy are given in Table 2.  The data
show that most information items could not be specifically classified per
the title except in broad terms (multiple or unspecified categories). Also,
most of the remaining items deal with copper, lead, or zinc technology
(as might be expected considering the large relative production  of these
metals), and only a few items were relatable to the category of  metal
refining and ingot melting.  The mining and beneficiation categories were
well represented.

     The results of the above analysis probably do not merit specific con-
clusions due to the limited sample size (in terms of time period covered)
and to the possibility that distribution in categories varies widely from
one time period to the next.  Also, study of content of  information items
might result in some categorical changes.  It does^appear likely, however,
based on this preliminary information, that coverage of most segments of
metal processing in the nonferrous metals industry will  be afforded by  a
literature search and that one could expect to find considerable information
from the literature on almost any aspect of the industry selected.
                                      23

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                      TABLE 2.  NUMBER AND PERCENT OF PERTINENT INFORMATION ITEMS FOUND
                                BY CATEGORY (METAL SPECIES AND PROCESSING OPERATION)
PO

Number of
Information Articles/Items
U.S., British
and Canadian
Item Documents
Information Items by Metal Group
Copper, Cu (As, Se, Te)
Lead and Zinc, Pb and Zn (Sb, Tl , Cd)
Aluminum, Al (Ga)
Titanium, Ti (Zr, Hf)
Molybdenum, Mo (Sn)
Rare Earths and Radioactive (U, Th)
Beryllium, Be
Mercury, Hg
Precious Metals (Au, Ag, Pt)
Tungsten, W (V, Ta, Cb)
Magnesium, Mg
All Others and Multiple
Total
Information Items by Processing Operation^3'
Mining or Scrap Disposal and Collection
Beneficiation, Extraction, Smelting
Metal Refining and Ingot Melting
Multiple
Unspecified
Total

59
91
30
9
7
16
1
5
24
5
6
164
417

93
87
25
61
151
4T7
Other
Foreign
Documents

21
6
5
5
7
5
7
0
10
1
0
45
TIT

23
55
12
0
22
TT2~
Total

80
97
35
14
14
21
8
5
34
6
6
209
529"

116
142
37
61
173
529"
Total
as
Percent

15.1
18.3
6.6
2.6
2.6
4.0
1.5
0.9
6.4
1.1
1.1
39.5
100

21.9
26.8
7.0
11.5
32.7
100
        (a)   Both  primary and secondary operations.

-------
     The results of the above pilot screening operation were analyzed to
reveal several other interesting features of the information obtainable
from periodicals.  Of primary interest was the revelation that, within the
select group of documents screened, 24 documents contained about 80 percent
of all pertinent information items found.  Forty documents contained about
93 percent.  If it can be assumed that the three issues examined per docu-
ment are truly representative of the content over an extensive time period,
most of the information items available could be collected from as few as
50 documents.

     The results of this initial screening of documents were given in
Tables 5 and 6 of the Interim Report on this task, dated May 7, 1976.  The
results are included in this report as modified by an expanded study.

Expanded Search and Sampling Study--
     The expanded document search conducted for the purpose of refining a
preferred periodical list of most pertinence to an EPA awareness task was
completed by including documents not previously examined and by assessing
document pertinence by new, narrower criteria.  In the initial screening
study, all articles and information items having any relevance to the non-
ferrous metals processing area were counted as items of pertinence.  The
expanded study considered items pertinent only if they were concerned with
the applied technology of nonferrous metals processing.  A new information
item tally based on the narrower criteria was not redone for documents
examined initially but a supplemental rating system for documents was used
to assess the value of these as well as the new documents examined.

     The supplemental rating system involved assessment of documents in
terms of their general character  (e.g., mining equipment magazines were
down-graded) and according to the nature of articles usually printed
(e.g., theoretical or academic type versus practical types, physical
metallurgy versus processing metallurgy, or ferrous versus nonferrous
metallurgy).  Also, the accessibility of information was considered  (e.g.,
foreign language documents not possessing tables of contents in English
were in general down-rated).  A rating system of G (for Good), M (for
Moderate interest), and X (for Unacceptable or of little interest) was
adopted.

     Based on the above qualitative methods of assessing documents,  it was
possible to eliminate from further consideration several documents which
did not have contents applicable in any sense for the awareness task  (these
were given the X rating for unacceptable).  On the other side, numerous
documents were rated G (for Good) when the contents appeared to be of the
type useful for the considered task.  Documents with mixed contents, docu-
ments with contents not readily identifiable by titles only (e.g., foreign
language articles), and documents revealing no items from this search, but
still believed to be potential sources for information, were generally
rated M.

     The qualitative rating system was used in conjunction with the  number
of pertinent information items found to rank documents as an aid in


                                     25

-------
determining a usefulness priority listing.   Documents  rated  G were  assigned
a high rank, those rated M a lower rank,  etc.   Within  G, M,  and  X groups,
rank was determined and assigned by the number of pertinent  items found.
According to this system, a few documents having  several information  items
were given a low priority because they were X-rated  due to the nature of
articles.  Conversely, a few documents were rated Good even  though  only one
or no useful information items were found in the  issues screened.   The
system was intended to permit the selection of a  preferred periodicals list
which is discussed in the next section.   The listings  in this section merely
present the results of the expanded search  and screening study.

     U.S., British, and Canadian[Periodicals—The pilot screening of  U.S.,
British, and Canadian periodicals was expanded to include  several publica-
tions not screened initially.  Three issues from  each  periodical were
examined only if the nature of articles or  general character of  the docu-
ment in the first issue looked at appeared  to have pertinence.   The period-
icals examined in the initial screening for the number of  contained
articles/items having pertinency were reexamined  and rated for general
character.  The expanded list of U.S., British, and  Canadian periodicals  is
given in Table 3 in an order of priority  based on the  combined rating and
ranking system previously described.  (The  entire list of  periodicals
examined, including U.S., British, Canadian, and  other foreign publications,
is given in alphabetical arrangement in Appendix  A as  previously mentioned.)

     The listing in Table 3 totals 93 periodicals.   Only 19  documents were
rated G from this total based on the criteria previously described. Twenty-
two (22) periodicals received the M rating  while  more  than half  the total,
52 documents, .were X-rated.  Within the G-rated group, the number of  perti-
nent items found ranged from 23 (top ranked) to 0 (ranked  48 because  foreign
language periodicals were included in the total ranking order).   Pertinent
items found for M-rated periodicals ranged  from 18 to  0.   X-rated documents
had a range of 14 to 0 items.  Numbers of items found  per  document  were
obviously of less importance than the kind  of items  found  and/or the  charac-
ter of the periodical.  Further, it should  be understood that  items found
within a single periodical are not of equal value.   For example, the  tenth
ranked document having 12 items might have  only 1 or 2 items of  substance,
2 of moderate interest, and the balance of marginal  value.   Thus, the rank-
ing order assigned to documents is quite  arbitrary but serves  for initial
guidance prior to and in lieu of article/document use  in actual  operational
experience.

     After the initial pilot screening study, an  analysis  of the data was
made based on the number of information items found  to show  that about 80
percent of items based on total items found were  found in  the  top-ranked
40 documents.  Based on the new criteria, this kind  of analysis  is  con-
sidered to have little meaning.  However, the new rating  and ranking  system
indicates that about 24 top rated and ranked U.S., British,  and  Canadian
periodicals continue to contain the bulk  of the most useful  information with
another 10 or so documents containing information of more  moderate  interest
and usefulness.  Thus, both the initial and the expanded  screening  studies
showed that 30-some periodicals should be considered as  the  primary  source


                                     26

-------
TABLE 3.  RANK ORDER LISTING OF UNITED STATES,
          BRITISH AND CANADIAN PERIODICALS EX-
          AMINED FOR PERTINENCY TO AWARENESS TASK
Document Title
Mining Journal
Society of Mining Engineers,
Transactions (AIME)
Journal of Metals (AIME)
Mining Congress Journal
American Metal Market
Ski 11 ings Mining Review
Metal Week
33-Magazine, Metal Producing
Trans. Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy, Section B
Canadian Mining and Metallur-
gical Bulletin
Journal of The Air Pollution
Control Association
Canadian Mining Journal
Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
Iron Age
Trans. Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy, Section C
Environmental Science and Tech-
nology
Trans. Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy, Section A
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Paydirt(e)
Hydrometallurgy
Mining Magazine
Metallurgical Transactions (ASM,
AIME) Section B
No. I terns (a'
Found In (t>) (c)
A
8

9
1
4
4
2
3
2

1

1

1
0
1
1

1

0

0
1

4
3

3
B
7

2
1
7
4
3
1
1

1

1

1
1
1
0

0

0

0
0

10
5

6
C
8

8
12
2
4
1
0
1

2

1

1
1
0
1

0

1

0
0

4
3

0
Sum
23

19
14
13
12
6
4
4

4

3
„
3
2
2
2

1

1

0
1

18
11

9
Rate
G

G
G
G
G
G
G
G

G

G

G
G
G
G

G

G

G
G
G
M
M

M
Rank
2

4
7
8
10
18
20
23

25

27

28
34
35
36

45

46

47
48
49
50
51

52
,D
-------
TABLE 3. (Continued)
Document Title
Engineering and Mining Journal
Journal of The Water Pollution
Control Federation
Wall Street Journal
Mining Engineering
Industry Week
Foundry Trade Journal
Chemical and Engineering News
Business Week
Barrens Business and Financial
Weekly
The Mine Magazine
Water Air and Soil Pollution
Journal of The American Water
Works Association
Modern Metals
Water and Wastes Engineering
Research/Devel opment
Modern Castings
Mineral Research Bulletin
Separation Science
Metals Technology
Filtration and Separation
Industrial Water Engineering
Mine and Quarry
Foundry Management and Technology
Metals and Materials
Water Research
Chemical Week
Engineer
No. I terns (a)
Found In (t>)
A
3

1
2
4
1
1
1
1

0
1
1

0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
7
4
1
1
4
2
0
0
B
2

2
0
0
1
1
0
1

0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
4
2
0
2
0
0
C
3

1
2
0
1
1
1
0

2
0
0

1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
4
4
1
0
0
0
0
Sum
8

4
4
4
3
3
2
2

2
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
14
13
9
4
4
4
0
0
Rate
M

M
M
M
M
M
M
M

M
M
M

M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Rank
53

55
55
57
61
62
64
65

67
68
70

75
76
77
78
83
84
96
99
103
104
106
107
108
109
110
111
(continued)
(d)
ID
Nos.
150

210
390
230
160
480
440
110

410
1004
1005

190
310
350
300
630
490
290
660
470
510
260
460
560
360
430
450

          28

-------
TABLE 3.  (Continued)
No. Items
Found In (h\ (r\
Document Title
Metallurgical Transactions
(ASM, AIME) Section A
The British Foundryman
Critical Reviews in Environ-
mental Control
Engineering
Engineering Materials and Design
Metal Construction
Metal Science
International Metallurgical
Reviews
Welding Design and Fabrication
Water and Pollution Control
Canadian Research and
Development
Design Engineering
Modern Power and Engineering
Acta Metal lugica
Air Conditioning, Heating and
Refrigeration
American Machinist
Assembly Engineering
Automatic Machining
Welding Journal
Tooling and Production
Sea Technology
Rubber World
Rubber Chemistry and Technology
Product Engineering
Polymer Engineering and Science
Ocean Engineering

A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0










B
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0











C
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0











Sum F
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0










(continued)
29



late '
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

Rank
112
117
118
119
120
121
122
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
158
159
160
162
164
166
167
168
169
170
171

ID(d)
Nos.
330
570
580
590
600
640
650
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
1060
1040
1020
1010
1005
990
980
970


-------
TABLE 3.  (Continued)
No. Items ^
Found In ^ f^
Document Title A B
Mechanical Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering
Materials Evaluation
Materials Engineering
Machine Design
Journal of Pressure Vessel
Technology (ASME Trans.)
Journal of Heat Transfer
(ASME Transactions)
Journal of Applied Physics
Journal of Applied Mechanics
(ASME Transactions)
Inorganic Chemistry
IEEE Transactions on Power
Apparatus and Systems
Heating, piping and Air Conditioning
Corrosion Science
Corrosion
Control Engineering
Canadian Journal of Physics
Canadian Journal of Chemistry
Bell Labs Record
C Sum Rate ' Ranfc '
X 172
X 173
X 174
X 175
K 176
X 177
X 178
X 179
X 180
X 181
X 182
X 183
X 184
X 185
X 186
X 187
X 188
X 189
,D(d>
Nos.
960
950
940
930
920
910
900
890
880
870
860
850
840
830
820
810
800
790
(a) The second, third, fourth, and fifth columns (A, B, C, and SUM, respectively)
represent the numbers of pertinent information items found in the search of
periodical issues.
(b) The sixth column (RATE) indicates an overall
ness task. G = Good, M = Moderate interest,
value of the document to the aware-
X = Little or No interest.

(c) The seventh column (RANK) indicates priority order based on number of informa-
tion items found per document. RANK is subordinate to RATE. All documents
examined are included in the RANK order (i.e., Domestic and Foreign publica-
tions).
(d) The eighth column (ID NOS.) indicates an internal identification number.
(e) Issues not examined but document is known to
be pertinent to the awareness task.

          30

-------
of information for the considered task.  This aspect of the study is further
described in the following section where a preferred periodical list is
presented.

     Foreign Published Periodicals—The foreign published periodical listings
were expanded with the aim of identifying better coverage of foreign non-
ferrous metals technology than identified in the initial screening. (British,
and Canadian publications were considered with the listing of U.S. publica-
tions.)  Accordingly, several additional foreign periodicals were examined
using the new criteria previously described as assessment tools.  An addi-
tional complicating factor in this study was the foreign language barrier.
It was difficult to assess the overall character of documents and in some
cases, the nature of articles, based on translated titles as the only guide.
Nevertheless, within the difficulties cited, periodicals from each of the
major world segments of the nonferrous metals communities were examined and
assessed.  The rating and ranking system previously described was used with
the results given in Table 4.

     Of the 90-some documents listed in Table 4, about one-third are rated 6,
one-third M, and balance X (G-31, M-31, X-31).  Pertinent items found for
G-rated periodicals ranged from  26 to 1, M-rated documents from 5 to 0, and
X-rated periodicals contained no identified items of interest.  The two
documents from Yugoslavia were not rated because current issues were not
available for examination.  Numbers of items found per document were of more
importance  in evaluating foreign language periodicals than in evaluating
U.S., British, and Canadian documents  because of the difficulty in determin-
ing nature  of items from titles  only and the character of documents generally.
Nevertheless, the rank order  presented  in Table 4 reflects an attempt at the
latter which stands in need of considerable refinement during actual opera-
tions.  The rank ordering  is  arbitrary  but serves to aid in  initially
selecting periodicals for a preferred  list of foreign documents as  informa-
tion  sources for the considered  task.

      In considering coverage  of  the world's important segments which may be
generating  information on nonferrous metals technology, attention was directed
to the areas of Western Europe,  Eastern  Europe  (including the Soviet Union),
Asia  (including Australia), Africa, and  South America.  As revealed in  the
tally  (Table 4), the document coverage  for individual countries within  the
above areas was as indicated  below.

      For Western Europe:  West Germany 13 documents, France  8,  Sweden 4,
Netherlands 2,  Italy 2, and 1 each from  Belgium, Switzerland,  Norway, and
Finland (total 33).

The relative scarcity of  pertinent periodicals  from the Western European
community makes  it difficult  to  screen for good coverage  of nonferrous  metals
technology  being practiced  in or emerging  from  this area.   However, it  was
stated by persons who have  lived and  worked  in  this area  in a technical
capacity that pertinent articles by  West European  authors are as frequently
published in U.S.,  British,  or  Canadian journals as in  their native publica-
tions.  Nevertheless, there were 7  periodicals  (3  from West Germany, 2 from


                                       31

-------
TABLE 4.  RANK ORDER LISTING OF FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS
          EXAMINED FOR PERTINENCY TO AWARENESS TASK

No. Items ^
Found In
Document Title
Izvestiya, VUZ, Tsvetnaya
Metal lurgiya (USSR)
Tsvetnyye Metally (USSR)
Trudy Inst. Metal lurgii
I Obogashcheniia Acad. Nauk,
Kazakh, SSR
Rudodobiv (Bulgaria)
Erzmetall (Germany)
International Journal of Mineral
Processing (Neth.)
Metal! (Germany)
Minerals Science and
Engineering (South Africa)
Neue Hutte (East Germany)
Rudy I Metal e Niezelazne (Poland)
World Mining (Australia)
Australasian Institute of Mining
And Metallurgical Processing
Nat. Metallurgical Lab. Tech.
Journal (India)
Bui. Res. Inst. Mineral Dressing
and Met., Tohoku Univ.
Australian Mining
Giesserei (Germany)
Archiwum Hutnictwa/Pan (Poland)
A

6
12


8
6
6

6
2

4
0
3
3

2

0

2
0
1
2
Australasian Corrosion Engineering 0
Ochrona Powietrza (Poland)
Doklady Akademii Nauk (USSR)
Banyasyaii Es Kohazatl
Lapok-Kohaszat (Hungary)
3
1

2
B

13
10


6
6
4

2
5

3
2
3
2

2

6

0
2
3
1
1

0

0
c

7



4
3
3

2
1


5
1
2

2

0

3
2
0
1
2

1

0
Sum

26
22


18
15
13

10
8

7
7
7
7

6

6

5
4
4
4
3
3
2

2
(b) (c)
Rate Rank

G
G


G
G
G

G
G

G
G
G
G

G

G

G
G
G
G
G
G
G

G

1
3


5
6
9

11
12

13
14
15
15

16

17

19
21
22
24
26
29
30

31
!D(d)
Nos.

2
77


78
67
18

25
20

33
50
71
37

34

40

85
35
41
5
36
8
79

64
(continued)

32







-------
TABLE 4.  (Continued)
Document Title
Transactions Of The Indian
Institute of Metals
Indian Journal of Technology
Metalurgia (Rumania)
Czechoslovak Heavy Industry
Hungarian Heavy Industry
Trans, of The Nat. Research
Inst. For Metals (Japan)
Banyasyaii Es Kohazati Lapok-
Ontode (Hungary)
Hutnicke Listy (Czechoslovakia)
Scandinavian Journal of
Metallurgy (Sweden)
Hitachi Review (Japan)
Problemy Projektowo Hutnictwa
No. I terns ^
Found In
A

0
0
1
0
0

1

1
0

1
0

I Przemyslu Maszynowego (Poland) 2
Indian And Eastern Engineer
Izvestiya Acad. Nauk USSR,
Metal ly
Metallurgia ABM (Brazil)
Gieszereitechnik (Germany)
Spisaraie Na Bulgarskoto Geologi-
chesko Druzhestvo (Bulgaria)
Kinzoku (Japan)
IHI Engineering Review (Japan)
Inzynieria Chemiczna (Poland)
Prace Instytutow
Hutniczych (Poland)
Fonderia (Italy)
Radex Rundschau (Germany)
Banyasyaii Es Kohazati
Lapok-Banyaszat (Hungary)
2

3
1
1

1
1
0
1

0
1
1

1
B

2
0
0
1
1

0

0
1

0
1

2
2

1
1
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0

0
C

0
2
1
1
1

0

0
0

0
0

1
0


1
1

1
0
1
0

1
0
0

0
Sum

2
2
2
2
2

1

1
1

1
1

5
4

4
3
2

2
1
1
1

1
1
1

1
(b)
Rate

G
G
G
G
G

G

G
G

G
G

M
M

M
M
M

M
M
M
M

M
M
M

M
(c)
Rank

32
33
37
38
39

40

41
42

43
44

54
58

59
60
63

66
69
71
72

73
74
79

80
ro(d)
Nos.

82
38
10
3
4

91

65
61

29
84

70
81

73
31
19

68
15
12
7

9
21
45

63
(continued)

33







-------
TABLE 4.  (Continued)
No. Items * '
Found In
Document Title
Hutnik (Czechoslovakia)
Hutnik (Poland)
La Metal! urgia Italiana (Italy)
Journal Of The Japan Institute
Of Metals
Iron Age Metal working
International (Neth.)
Journal of Scientific and
Industrial Research (India)
Revue Les Meoires Scientifiques
De La Revue De Metallurgie
NKG Transactions Of The Japan
Institute Of Metals
Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires Des
Seances L Acad. Sciences, B
Journal Faculty of Engineering,
Tokyo Univ. , Series A
Sumitomo Metals (Japan)
Journal Faculity Of Engineering,
Tokyo Univ. , Series B
Wiadmosci Hutnicze (Poland)
Science Reports Research Inst.,
Tohoku Univ., Series A
Trade Times, Japanese Machinery
Exporters Assoc. Bulletin
Report Inst. Of Industrial
Science, Tokyo Univ.
Metallurgicheskaya I Gornorudnaya
Promyshlennost (USSR)
Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires
A
1
0
0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0
0

0
0

0

0

0

0

Des Seances L Acad. Sciences, D 0
Revue De Metallurgie (France)
0
B
0
0
0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0
0

0
0

0

0

0

0

0
0
c
0
0
0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0


0
0

0

0





0
0
Sum f
1
0
0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0
0

0
0

0

0

0

0

0
0

M
M
M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M
M

M
M

M

M

M

M

M
X
Ran£c)
81
85
86

87

88

89

90

91

92

94
95

97
98

100

101

102

105

123
137
ID(d>
Nos.
62
6
22

14

26

39

24

83

56

93
89

94
72

92

88

95

76

55
23
(continued)

34







-------
TABLE 4.  (Continued)
Document Title
Revista Latlnoamericana De
Siderurgia (Chile)
Revue De L Alumintm (France)
Revue International Hautes
Temp. Refracktaires (France)
Revue General e Des Techniques La
Metal. Const. Mech. (France)
Hansa (Germany)
La Fonderia Beige (Belgium)
Prometal (Switzerland)
Fizika Metal lov I.
Metal lovedenlye (USSR)
National Technical Report (Japan)
Materialno-Tekhnichesko
Snaboyavane (Bulgaria)
Metal lurg (USSR)
The Sumitomo Search (Japan)
Tetsu-To-Hagane (Japan)
No. Items ^
Found In
A

0
0

0

0

0
0

0
0

0
0
0
0
Electrowarme-International (Germany) 0
Jernkontorets Annaler (Sweden)
Giesserei Forschung (Germany)
VDI Zeitschrift (Germany)
VGB Kraft Werkstechnik (Germany)
Sprechsaal (Germany)
Indus tri ell Teknik (Sweden)
Kjemi (Sweden)
Verres Et Refractaires (France)
Teknikens Vorld (Sweden)
Ilmailu (Finland)
MBB-Aktjell (Germany)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0




B

0
0

0

0

0
0

0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0




c

0
0

0

0

0
0

0
0

0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0




Sum

0
0

0

0

0
0

0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0




Rate Rank

X
X

X

X
X
X
X

X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

139
146

147

148
152
113
114

115
116

132
133
134
135
136
138
140
141
142
143
144
145
149
150
151
153
(d)
ID
Nos

32
57

58

60
49
27
30

1
13

66
75
90
16
17
28
42
43
44
46
52
54
59
53
51
48
(continued)

35







-------
                           TABLE 4.   (Continued)


Document Title
DFVLR Nachrichten (Germany)
Zaschita Na Prirodata (Bulgaria)
Kokubo (Japan)
Shin Boei Ronshu (Japan)
Metal! ovedeniya I Termicheskaya
Obrabotka Metal lov (USSR)
Science Of Sintering (Yugoslavia)
Metalurgija (Yugoslavia)
No. Items*9'
Found In (b)
A B C Sum Rate
X
X
X
X

00 OX



(c)
Rank
154
155
156
157

190



ID
Nos.
47
69
86
87

74
11
80
(a)  The second,  third,  fourth,  and  fifth columns  (A, B, C, and SUM, respec-
     tively)  represent the  numbers of pertinent information items found in
     the search of periodical  issues.

(b)  The sixth column  (RATE)  indicates an overall  value of the document to
     the awareness task.  G =  Good,  M = Moderate interest, X = Little or
     No interest.

(c)  The seventh  column  (RANK) indicates priority  order based on number of
     information  items found  per document.  RANK is subordinate to RATE.
     All documents examined are  included in the RANK order (i.e., Domestic
     and Foreign  publications).

(d)  The eighth column  (ID  NOS.) indicates an  internal identification
     number.
                                     36

-------
the Netherlands, and 1 each from Sweden and France) that appeared to afford
the most appropriate coverage of the topics of interest from this area and
these are described in the following section.

     The periodicals coverage for Eastern Europe was:  Soviet Union 10, Po-
land 8, Hungary 4, Bulgaria 4, Czechoslovakia 3, Yugoslavia 2 (neither was
available for examination), and 1 each from Rumania and East Germany (total
33).  Thus, the coverage of Eastern European technology appears excellent
based on the number of documents having apparent pertinent articles.  A
total of 11 periodicals (3 from the Soviet Union, 2 each from Poland, Hungary,
and Czechoslovakia, and 1 each from Bulgaria and East Germany) appeared to
afford appropriate coverage from this area and these are described in the
following section.  In selecting periodicals for a recommended listing, an
attempt was made to minimize the translation problem by choosing mostly
documents having tables of contents or abstracts in English.  The most perti-
nent articles as identified during the actual operation of an awareness task
would often require translation of the entire article which has been con-
sidered in the description in the following section.

     The periodicals coverage for Asia was:  Japan 18, India 5, and Australia
4  (total 27).  The Indian'and Australian documents are all published in En-
glish and most are apparently of good pertinency.  Most of the Japanese peri-
odicals examined (11) also are published in English, but several of these
were found to be of no interest or of marginal interest.  Two Japanese docu-
ments published in English and having apparent pertinency were selected for
the preferred periodical list together with one having English table of con-
tents and one wholly in Japanese.  These four from Japan, and three each
from India and Australia constitute the periodicals for Asian coverage and
are included in the preferred list described in the following section.

     A single document from Africa and two documents from South America
(one each from Brazil and Chile) were examined.  It is apparent that the
Chilian journal should be eliminated from consideration (wholly dealing with
iron and steel) and that the Brazilian and African documents should be listed
(the South African journal is in English).  The coverage of the South Ameri-
can technology appears inadequate but perhaps better journals can be identi-
fied during operation of an awareness task.  The Brazilian and South African
periodicals are included in the preferred list described in the following
section.


ABSTRACTS AND OTHER INFORMATION SERVICES

     Abstract documents were sampled to determine the value of this kind of
information source for an awareness task.  From the list of abstracts  identi-
fied as being locally available, which included Chemical Abstracts, Copper
Abstracts, Lead Abstracts, Selenium and Tellurium Abstracts, and Zinc  Ab-
stracts, the Chemical, Lead, and Selenium/Tellurium abstract documents were
screened.  The Lead Abstracts issues examined  (three) contained a total of
72 items of apparent pertinency, the single issue of Chemical Abstracts
looked at contained 68 items, and the three issues of Selenium and  Tellurium
Abstracts, a total of only 2 items.  Thus, a great variation exists  in the

                                      37

-------
value of abstract documents based on the  number of pertinent  items contained.
Of overriding importance, however, is the lack of currency of items  in  these
documents.  The lag apparently varies from 3  to 6 months.  It would  appear
appropriate to cover the abstract literature  to some  extent for  the  purpose
of providing a check on the coverage of information items obtained from
periodicals.

     In addition to the abstracts examined, three issues of the  Official
Gazette (U.S. Patents) were examined.  A  total  of 27  possibly pertinent
patents were identified from the three issues of this document which appears
on a weekly basis.  A disproportionate period of time was needed to  screen
three issues (compared with the time required to screen tables of contents
of regular periodicals).  Nevertheless, it would appear necessary to include
the patent coverage if the awareness function is to be fully  served.

     The Committee on Materials (COMAT),  a federal  activity»  authorized the
development of a pilot inventory of Government sponsored materials R &  D
programs.  This inventory, which was' developed at Battelle, is contained as
a module of the Battelle-Columbus BASIS capability.  It was accessed to pro-
vide a sampling of FY 76 R & D activity of potential  interest to the task.
Three listings were retrieved.  The first was derived by calling for current
programs dealing with metal ores or nonferrous metals in the  fields  of
activity of mine development, mining, processing of raw materials (including
beneficiation, leaching, roasting, smelting,  refining, etc.), or the manage-
ment of wastes.  This first retrieval returned a list of 25 programs, of
which 23 involved the technology of nonferrous metals or their ores  (two
were concerned only with iron resources or processing).  All  but two were
Bureau of Mines programs.  One was an EPA program and the other  was  funded
by the Air Force.  This program list is contained in  Appendix B  under
PRINT 9.

     A second list was specified by selecting from the first  list those
programs that have as one aspect of the work  the reduction of pollutants
from nonferrous metallurgical processes.   Two programs were defined. These
appear in Appendix B under PRINT 11.  For one of these, an additional
retrieval specification was that the reason for conducting the program  was
for the control of environmental quality.  This record, the EPA  program, is
displayed in Appendix B under PRINT 13.

     In this example, the effort required to  develop  the search  strategy,
access the data base, conduct the search, and pick up the  printout involved
about 1 hour of an analyst's time.  Remote terminal connect time was 7
minutes, and computer costs were $4.21.  This was done by  an  analyst with
intimate knowledge of the data base and also  precise  knowledge of what  was
desired from the search.  The example is  cited to illustrate  the simplicity
of searching existing data bases.  The example was also  useful in identify-
ing the Bureau of Mines (not unexpectedly) as the Government  agency that
is most active in R & D activities relating directly  to  the  interests of the
awareness task.
                                     38

-------
COMPANY ANNUAL REPORTS

     In addition to the formal published literature, a sampling of 10 company
annual reports was made.  The companies were selected from among those whose
principal business is primary nonferrous metals.  Perusal  of these revealed
that 7 of the 10 reports provided potentially useful statements and informa-
tion, and 4 of the 10 contained more than one item of probable interest.
Company reports are only put out on an annual basis which  would somewhat
limit the volume of information obtainable from this source.  Nevertheless,
it is recommended that selected annual reports be reviewed for input.  The
Dunn and Bradstreet Million Dollar Directory lists 245 entries under SIC
categories from 1021 (Copper Ores) to 1099 (Metal Ores, n.e.c.)? 3313
(Electrometallurgical Products), 3331 (Primary Smelting and Refining; Copper)
through 3339  (Nonferrous Metals, n.e.c.), 3341 (Secondary  Refining of Non-
ferrous Metals).  Included are companies such as Cypress,  Anaconda, Phelps
Dodge, ASARCO, St. Joe, Cominco, Homestake, Silver King, AMAX, Union Carbide,
01 in, Kennecott, Kaiser, Alumax, Alcoa, Conalco, Englehard, Brush Wellman,
Oremet, Materials Research Corp., Bay State, Eastern Alloys, Matthey
Bishop, etc.  Many of these report under multiple SIC areas.  The Battelle
Economics Library maintains files of annual reports for many of these
companies.
                                      39

-------
                                 SECTION 7

                     DESCRIPTION OF RECOMMENDED OPTIONS
 INTRODUCTION
     The numerous options available regarding the input-output elements of
an information system were described in preceding sections of the report
and presented in terms of level-of-effort requirements in Table 1.  The
data in Table 1 show the relative sizing of combinations of various input
and output forms.  During the course of this task, the project officer was
briefed regarding these options and level-of-effort requirements.  This
interaction between the project officer and Battelle afforded the project
officer an opportunity to identify preferred elements capable of serving
the awareness function.  Stated preferences permitted Battelle personnel to
focus attention in these areas and to design a specific information system
around them.

     This section reflects the stated preferences in the description of the
input-output options being recommended for the awareness task.  Briefly,
the recommended system would consist of inputs from periodicals, abstracts,
company reports, and information obtained from symposia and personal com-
munications.  The principal output would be in the form of a newsletter or
an "Awareness Bulletin".  This would describe the trends or potential
changes in nonferrous metals technology (or other information) involved
and consider the actual or potential environmental implications of such
technology.  An output option of topical reports is suggested for considera-
tion as an add-on to the basic system should the need for in-depth studies
to augment the awareness function become apparent.


INFORMATION SOURCES

     The principal source of information recommended for the awareness
task should be periodicals.  The prior experience of Battelle with metal
information centers and the specific pilot screening studies conducted  for
this task have permitted the identification of a preferred group of docu-
ments which should be searched for information on a regular basis.  The
list of periodicals recommended for source material per the awareness task
is given in Tables 5 and 6.

     This group of documents is believed to offer the bulk of the reportable
coverage on the nonferrous metals industries on a world basis with emphasis
on U.S. technology.  Sampling studies have shown that the important


                                     40

-------
           TABLE 5.  PERIODICALS RECOMMENDED AS INFORMATION
                     SOURCES FOR THE USEPA AWARENESS TASK
(Domestic and Foreign Publication Subgroups Listed in Priority Order)

No. Items ^
Found In
Document Title
A B
C
Sum
(b)
Rate
o £C)
Rank
ID'"'
Nos.
United States, British and Canadian Periodicals
Mining Journal
Weekly
Society of Mining Engineers,
Transactions (AIME)
Monthly
Journal of Metals (AIME)
Monthly
Mining Congress Journal
Monthly
American Metal Market
Daily
Skill ings Mining Review
Weekly
Metal Week
Weekly
33-Magazine, Metal Producing
Monthly
Trans. Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy, Section B
Monthly
Canadian Mining and Metallur-
gical Bulletin
Monthly
Journal of The Air Pollution
Control Association
Monthly
Canadian Mining Journal
Monthly
Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
Quarterly



8 7


9 2

1 1

4 7

4 4

2 3

3 1

2 1


1 1


1 1


1 1

0 1

1 1
(continued)
41

8


8

12

2

4

1

0

1


2


1


1

1

0



23


19

14

13

12

6

4

4


•4


3


3

2

2



G


G

G

G

G

G

G

G


G


G


G

G

G



2


4

7

8

10

18

20

23


25


27


28

34

35



520


380

500

250

100

280

620

420


1002


140


200

130

120



-------
TABLE 5. (Continued)
No. Items
Found In
Document Title
Iron Age
Weekly
Trans. Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy, Section C
Monthly
Environmental Science and Tech-
nology
Monthly
Trans Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy, Section A
Monthly
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Monthly
(e)
Paydirt1 ;
Weekly
Hydrometallurgy
Quarterly
Mining Magazine
Monthly
Metallurgical Transactions (ASM,
AIME) Section B
Monthly
Engineering and Mining Journal
Monthly
Wall Street Journal
Daily
Mining Engineering
Monthly
Industry Week
Weekly
Business Week
Weekly
Barrens Business and Financial
Weekly
Weekly
A

1


1


0


0

1




4

3


3

3

2

4

1

1


0
B

0


0


0


0

0




10

5


6

2

0

0

1

1


0
C

1


0


1


0

0




4

3


0

3

2

0

1

0


2
Sum

2


1


1


0

1




18

11


9

8

4

4

3

2


2
(b) (c)
Rate Rank

G


G


G


G

G


G

M

M


M

M

M

M

M

M


M

36


45


46


47

48


49

50

51


52

53

56

57

61

65


67
(d)
ID
Nos.

180


1003


1000


1001

1070


1080

1006

270


320

150

390

230

160

110


410
     (continued)
         42

-------
TABLE 5.  (Continued)
Document Title
Separation Science
Quarterly
Filtration and Separation
Bimonthly
Foreign
Izvestiya, VUZ, Tsvetnaya
Metallurgiya (USSR) m
Bimonthly -- English TC^ '
Tsvetnyye Metally (USSR)
Monthly -- In Russian
Trudy Inst. Metal lurgii
I Obogashcheniia Acad. Nauk,
Kazakh, SSR
Bimonthly — English TC
Rudodobiv (Bulgaria)
Monthly -- English Abstracts
Erzmetall (Germany)
Monthly -- English Abstracts
International Journal of Mineral
Processing (Neth.)
Monthly -- In English
Metall (Germany)
Monthly -- English TC
Minerals Science and
Engineering (South Africa)
Monthly — In English
Neue Hutte (East Germany)
Monthly — English TC
Rudy I Metal e Niezelazne (Poland)
Monthly — English Abstracts
World Mining (Australia)
Monthly -- In English
No. Items "
Found In
ABC

000

734
Periodicals


6 13 7

12 10



864

663

643


622

2 5 1


4 3

025

3 3 1

322
0
o>:
Sum Rate

0 M

14 X



26 G

22 G



18 G

15 G

13 G


10 G

8 G


7 G

7 G

7 G

7 G
>» ic}
Rank

96

103



1

3



5

6

9


11

12


13

14

15

15
ID(d)
Nos.

290

470



2

77



78

67

18


25

20


33

50

71

37
(continued)

43




-------
TABLE 5.  (Continued)
(a)
No. Items
Found In (b)
Document Title
Australasian Institute of Mining
And Metallurgical Proc.
Monthly -- In English
Nat. Metallurgical Lab. Tech.
Journal (India)
Monthly -- In English
Bui. Res. Inst. Mineral Dressing
and Met., Tohoku Univ.
Monthly -- English TC
Australian Mining
Monthly — In English
Giesserei (Germany)
Monthly -- English TC
Archiwum Hutnictwa/Pan (Poland)
Quarterly -- English TC
Banyasyaii Es Kohazati
Lapok-Kohaszat (Hungary)
Monthly -- English Abstracts
Transactions Of The Indian
Institute Of Metals
Monthly -- In English
Indian Journal of Technology
Monthly -- In English
Czechoslovak Heavy Industry
Monthly -- In English
Hungarian Heavy Industry
Quarterly -- In English
Trans, of The Nat. Research
Inst. For Metals (Japan)
Monthly -- In English
Hutnicke Li sty (Czechoslovakia)
Monthly -- English Abstracts
A


2


0


2

0

1

2


2


0

0

0

0


1

0
B C Sum Rate


2 2 6 G


6 0 6 G


0 3 5 G

2 2 4 G

3 0 4 G

1 1 4 G


0 0 2 G


2 0 2 G

0 2 2 G

1 1 2 G

1126


0 0 1 G

1 0 1 G
» (c)
Rank


16


17


19

21

22

24


31


32

33

38

39


40

42
(d)
IDV '
Nos.


34


40


85

35

41

5


64


82

38

3

4


91

61
(continued)

44




-------
                            TABLE  5.   (Continued)
     Document Title
 No. Items
   Found In
ABC
                                                (a)
Sum
   (b)   (c)
Rate   Rank
                                                                         (d)
ID
Nos.
 Scandinavian Journal  of
   Metallurgy (Sweden)
      Monthly — In  English            1    0    0

 Hitachi  Review (Japan)
      Monthly — In  English            0    1    0

 Metallurgia ABM (Brazil)
      Monthly — In  Portugese         1    1    1
 Kinzoku  (Japan)
      Monthly -- In  Japanese          1    0    0
 Iron Age Metal working
   International (Neth.)
      Monthly -- In  English            000

 Revue Les Meoires Scientifiques
   De La  Revue De Metallurgie
      Monthly -- English Abstracts     000
                    M
                    M
                          43
                          44
              60
              69
                    M    88
                    M
              90
                  29


                  84


                  31


                  15



                  26



                  24
(a)  The second, third, fourth, and fifth  columns  (A,  B,  C, and  SUM, respec-
     tively) represent the numbers of pertinent  information items  found  in
     the search of periodical  issues.

(b)  The sixth column (RATE) indicates an  overall  value of the document  to
     the awareness task.  G =  Good, M = Moderate interest, X  = Little or
     No interest.

(c)  The seventh column (RANK) indicates priority  order based on number  of
     information items found per document. RANK  is subordinate to  RATE.
     All documents examined are included in the  RANK order  (i.e.,  Domestic
     and Foreign publications).

(d)  The eighth column (ID NOS.) indicates an internal  identification number.

(e)  Issues not examined but document is known to  be pertinent to  the aware-
     ness task.

(f)  TC is equal to Table of Contents.
                                     45

-------
           TABLE 6.   PERIODICALS  RECOMMENDED AS INFORMATION
                     SOURCES FOR  THE USEPA AWARENESS  TASK

(Domestic and Foreign Publication Subgroups Listed in Alphabetical  order)

Document Title
(a)
No. Items x '
Found In
A
United States, British, and
American Metal Market
Barrens Business and Financial
Weekly
Business Week
Canadian Mining and Metallur-
gical Bulletin
Canadian Mining Journal
Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
Engineering and Mining Journal
Environmental Science and Tech-
nology
Filtration and Separation
Hydrometallurgy
Industry Week
Iron Age
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Journal of Metals (AIME)
Journal of The Air Pollution
Control Association
Metallurgical Transactions (ASM,
AIME) Section B
Metal Week
Mining Congress Journal
Mining Engineering
Mining Journal
Mining Magazine
4

0
1

1
0
1
3

0
7
B
C Sum
Canadian
4

0
1

1
1
1
2

0
3
4 10
1
1
1
1

1

3
3
4
4
8
3
1
0
0
1

1

6
1
7
0
7
5
4

2
0

1
1
0
3

1
4
4
1
1
0
12

1

0
0
2
0
8
3
(b)
Rate
Periodical
12

2
2

3
2
2
8

1
14
18
3
2
1
14

3

9
4
13
4
23
11
G

M
M

G
G
G
M

G
X
M
M
G
G
G

G

M
G
G
M
G
M
(c)
Rank
s
10

67
65

27
34
35
53

46
103
50
61
36
48
7

28

52
20
8
57
2
51
ID
-------
TABLE 6.  (Continued)
Document Title
Paydirt^
Separation Science
Skill ings Mining Review
Society of Mining Engineers,
Transactions (AIME)
33-Magazine, Metal Producing
Trans. Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy, Section A
Trans. Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy, Section B
Trans. Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy, Section C
Wall Street Journal
No. Items ^
Found In
A

0
2

9
2

0

1

1
2
B

0
3

2
1

0

1

0
0
Foreign Periodical
Archiwum Hutnictwa/Pan (Poland)
Australasian Institute of Mining
and Metallurgical Proc.
Australian Mining
Banyasyaii Es Kohazati
Lapok-Kohaszat (Hungary)
Bui. Res. Inst. Mineral Dressing
and Met., Tohoku Univ.
Czechoslovak Heavy Industry
Erzmetall (Germany)
Giesserei (Germany)
Hitachi Review (Japan)
Hungarian Heavy Industry
Hutnicke Li sty (Czechoslovakia)
Indian Journal of Technology
2

2
0

2

2
0
6
1
0
0
0
0
1

2
2

0

0
1
4
3
1
1
1
0
C

0
1

8
1

0

2

0
2
s
1

2
2

0

3
1
3
0
0
1
0
2
Sum

0
6

19
4

0

4

1
4

4

6
4

2

5
2
13
4
1
2
1
2
(b) (c)
Rate Rank
G
M
G

G
G

G

G

G
M

G

G
G

G

G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
49
96
18

4
23

47

25

45
56

24

16
21

31

19
38
9
22
44
39
42
33
,o(d)
Nos.
1080
290
280

380
420

1001

1002

1003
390

5

34
35

64

85
3
18
41
84
4
61
38
(continued)

47







-------
                           TABLE 6.  (Continued)
Document Title
International Journal of Mineral
Processing (Neth.)
Iron Age Metalworking
International (Neth.)
Izvestiya, VUZ, Tsvetnaya
Metal! urgiya (USSR)
Kinzoku (Japan)
Metal! (Germany)
Metal lurgia ABM (Brazil)
Minerals Science and
Engineering (South Africa)
Nat. Metallurgical Lab. Tech.
Journal (India)
Neue Hutte (East Germany)
Revue Les Meoires Scientifiques
De La Revue De Metal lurgie
Rudodobiv (Bulgaria)
Rudy I Metale Niezelazne (Poland)
Scandinavian Journal of
Metallurgy (Sweden)
Transactions Of The Indian
Institute of Metals
Trudy Inst. Metal lurgii
I Obogashcheniia Acad. Nauk,
Kazakh, SSR
Trans, of The Nat. Research
Inst. For Metals (Japan)
Tsvetnyye Metally (USSR)
World Mining (Australia)
No. Items ^
Found In
A

6

0

6
1
2
1

4

0
0

0
6
3

1

0


8

1
12
3
B

2

0

13
0
5
1

3

6
2

0
6
3

0

2


6

0
10
2
C

2

0

7
0
1
1



0
5

0
3
1

0

0


4

0

2
Sum

10

0

26
1
8
3

7

6
7

0
15
7

1

2


18

1
22
7
(b) (c)
Rate Rank

G

M

G
M
G
M

G

G
G

M
G
G

G

G


G

G
G
G

11

88

1
69
12
60

13

17
14

90
6
15

43

32


5

40
3
15
(d)
ID
Nos.

25

26

2
15
20
31

33

40
50

24
67
71

29

82


78

91
77
37
(a),  (b),  (c),  (d),  and  (e)  same as  in Table 5.
                                     48

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nonferrous metals and most of the processing operations of interest are
reported in these periodicals.  On the other hand, the group listed repre-
sents merely the recommended starting point.  It is expected that this list
will be modified as the need becomes apparent during the actual task opera-
tions.

     Most of the documents in the recommended list can be searched for per-
tinent information by perusal of the tables of contents.  A few documents
will require page-by-page searching.  Most of the foreign-language documents
have tables of contents or abstracts of articles in English as an integral
part of the publication, and no translation service would be required for
initial searching.  Only three foreign journals (one Russian, one Japanese,
and one Brazilian) are exceptions, and translations of tables of contents
would be required.

     The stated desire by EPA to keep the considered task at a modest size
would limit full translations of foreign-language articles to only those
few selections that are most directly pertinent to the task.  The amount of
translation to be done would depend upon budgeting agreement between EPA and
the task contractor.

     The mechanics of inputting information from periodicals are straight-
forward.  The documents listed are available in the various Battelle librar-
ies or information centers and are readily accessed.  The information
analyst should perform the search on documents periodically and on a timely
basis, record or copy (usually Xerox copies of entire articles) the perti-
nent information identified, including references, and return the document
to the source.  Translations of the most pertinent foreign language items
should be obtained as required as previously mentioned.  Transitory storage
of copies of the information items as described in an earlier section of
the report is recommended.

     In addition to periodicals, it is recommended that abstract and other
information services should become a part of the input element.  As dis-
cussed previously, published abstracts typically lag the original publica-
tion by 3 to 6 months.  Because of this lag, the various abstract publica-
tions and services are not of prime importance in the recommended input
option.  In addition, these services do not necessarily cover news tidbits
which are frequently given in "department" sections of trade journals or
magazines.  However, the information covered by abstract services is broad
and gives good coverage of the technical literature.

     Accordingly, the periodic use of abstracts as a source of information
to check the completeness of coverage of the primary literature search is
recommended.  Specifically, it is recommended that a search be made every
6 months that would return items indexed in the most recent 6-month period,
and that two abstract sources (Engineering Index Monthly and Chemical
Abstracts) be searched.  These both are available as computer data bases
(COMPENDEX and CHEMCON, respectively), and a search strategy should be
devised so that the desired information could be retrieved at an effort
currently estimated at about 2 to 3 technical man-hours per source accessed.


                                      49

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     The printout returned from the searches would be compared against the
articles culled via the primary periodicals search.   This would allow assess-
ment of primary coverage, and also might suggest periodic updating or modi-
fication of the primary reference list.

     Specific and limited abstract publications are  also available and should
be reviewed.  These include

          o  Copper Abstracts
          o  Lead Abstracts
          o  Selenium and Tellurium Abstracts
          o  Zinc Abstracts.

These are small, booklet-type publications with input independently culled
from the larger abstract sources.  These can be visually scanned for perti-
nent items in just a few minutes per booklet.  It is recommended that these
sources be reviewed as they are received by the library.

     Another specific abstracting service that should be considered is the
recent World Aluminum Abstract Data Base, entitled "Aluminum Industry and
Environment".  This new computerized source was brought to the attention of
Battelle by EPA and is not yet available as a Battelle library service. As
a consequence, we have not examined its  content and  potential  utility, and
can only generally recommend its "consideration".

     In addition to the above, a number  of information sources stemming from
government-funded research and development are available.  These include the
following:

          o  Defense/Aerospace Contract  Quarterly
          o  Commerce Business Daily - Contract Awards
          o  NASA RTOP  '
          o  DDC Work Unit Summaries (ERDA)
          o  Smithsonian Scientific Information Exchange (SSIE)
          o  TRIS (Department of Transportation)
          o  ERDA - Hoiifield Computer File (on-going programs)
          o  COMAT (an inventory initiated in FY 76 of total
             government materials R&D).

For the most part, data from these sources would not be germane.  However,
at least one of these sources, SSIE, should be assessed annually.

     The Committee on Materials (COMAT)  was chartered in 1975 by the Federal
Council for Science and Technology.  The 'establishment of the COMAT inven-
tory of current R&D in materials from geological exploration through the
use and discard or recycling of spent materials is but one of the COMAT
functions.  An inventory of current government-funded materials R&D has
been established.  An effort to inventory current R&D conducted by industry
is expected in the near future.  Presuming that the COMAT inventory is to
                                     50

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be maintained on an annual basis, the annual access of this source would be
a valuable input in the maintenance of awareness of nonferrous metals tech-
nology and could be available at a very moderate cost

     Annual searching of the SSIE and COMAT facilities is recommended.   The
results would at least identify what research is in progress, and would
afford contacts for further information (report requests and personal con-
tact).

     The total annual effort that would be required to meet the recommended
actions relative to abstract and current R&D information is estimated to be
on the order of 50 technical man-hours per year.

     The comprehensive searching of each weekly issue of the Official
Gazette (U.S. Patents) is not recommended as an activity of the awareness
task.However, since it is believed that an awareness of the patent
information would be useful, it is recommended that a patent search service
should be subscribed to.  It is understood that, with sufficiently narrowed
search terms, such a service can be obtained at modest cost (estimated
$100-200 annually).  Details regarding patent search services are not avail-
able, but could be made available should the recommendation for the inclusion
of patent coverage for the awareness task be accepted.

     In addition to the formal published literature, it is recommended that
company annual reports should be searched for information.  Suggested com-
panies whose reports would be of interest are given in Section 6.  While
company annual reports would be searched only once per year, this is a
recommended source of information.

     To augment the information available through the above literature and
abstracting sources, attendance at, and participation in, selected relevant
meetings, conferences, or symposia are recommended.  This recommended acti-
vity would be useful in the following ways:

     (1)  It would provide direct input of some recently completed
          and on-going programs that might not appear in the
          periodicals for some months.

     (2)  It would provide direct input of some information that
          does not appear in published literature.

     (3)  It would allow the analyst to broaden his perspective
          in selected areas of interest by attending discussions
          which often add significantly to the formal material
          presented.

     (4)  It would provide the opportunity to meet and dis-
          cuss topics with industrial, academic, and government
          representatives.
                                     51

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      (5)  When papers can be presented based on task activities,
          this should be done to assist in continuing rapport with
          other attendees.

      (6)  It hopefully would allow the analyst to establish
          contacts with key industry personnel.  This could have
          long-range benefits to the task effort by providing a
          basis for continuing personal contacts.

      Within the constraint imposed by the modest rate of effort desired by
 EPA  for the considered task, only one or two major meetings would be allowed
 each year.  The obvious meetings of first importance would be the Annual
 Meeting of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum
 Engineers, typically held in February, and the Annual Conference of Metallur-
 gists of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, customarily
 meeting in August.

      Many journals contain calendars of events relevant to their topic areas.
 It is recommended that selected periodicals, such as the Journal of Metals,
 C.I.M. Bulletin, and Mining Magazine be scanned for upcoming meeting announce-
 ments.Abstract issues of metallurgically oriented periodicals would be
 perused to select meetings for attendance.  Where seminars or meetings of
 potential special interest are announced for which programs are not normally
 printed in the periodical literature, program details would be solicited
 for  review.

      In addition to the above recommendations relating to formal technical
 meetings and their proceedings, annual visits to selected organizations are
 recommended.  The principal organization recommended for at least exploratory
 contact are as follows:

      o  The Aluminum Association (NYC)
      o  Copper Institute (NYC)
      o  Lead Industries Association (NYC)
      o  Zinc Institute (NYC)
      o  U.S. Copper Association (NYC)
      o  Refractory and Reactive Metals Association (NYC)
      o  American Mining Congress (Washington)
      o  Lead-Zinc Producers Committee (Washington)
      o  U.S. Department of Commerce,
          Materials Division (Washington)
      o  U.S. Department of the Interior,
          Bureau of Mines (Headquarters, Washington)

 From  past contacts, staff in most of these industrial associations and govern-
ment agencies are themselves charged with maintaining awareness of various
 segments and operations of the nonferrous metals industry.  This expertise
 should be made available to the considered task on awareness of primary and
 secondary nonferrous metals technology.
                                      52

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     As noted in this listing, the organizations that are considered most
pertinent are located in Washington and the metropolitan New York areas.  It
is specifically recommended that a trip be planned to visit as many repre-
sentatives of the above-listed organizations as is practical, based on
exploratory phone discussions and within funding constraints.

     Relative to this area of input (meetings and visitations) recommenda-
tions are as follows:

     (1)  Up to two extended annual meetings, symposia, or
          seminar series should be attended annually.

     (2)  In lieu of attendance at-other meetings of pertinence,
          proceedings would be ordered and/or individual authors
          contacted for papers for review and analysis.  These
          would be identified by perusal of calendars of events
          appearing in selected periodicals.

     (3)  A trip should be scheduled to visit selected trade
          associations and government agencies.

     (4)  The results of these activities would be analyzed
          for appropriate input to the awareness bulletins.
          In addition, brief trip summary reports should be
          prepared that might contain impressions or innuendos
          that would not be appropriate to a technical aware-
          ness bulletin, but still would have value to EPA.

The rate of effort estimated to be required for these activities is on the
order of 200 technical man-hours, allowing about 50 man-hours for the review
and analysis of pertinent purchased proceedings and/or collected papers.
(There is scant basis for estimating the volume of such proceedings, but it
is felt that this effort would be relatively modest.)  An additional $1,500
would be required for expenses (travel, subsistence, meeting fees, litera-
ture purchase, telephone, etc.) associated with this recommended activity.


INFORMATION ANALYSIS

     The analysis function of any information system depends upon a combina-
tion of factors, including the experience and background of the analyst,
the output form desired, and interaction of analyst and output user in the
evolution of the most appropriate taxonomy and stragegy regarding meaningful
output.  These factors are considered for the awareness task analysis
function.

     A key factor in meaningful information analysis is the experience and
background of the analyst.  It is recommended that the  awareness  information
system be staffed with a metallurgically oriented analyst who  is  also experi-
enced in environmental aspects.  Further, an analyst having  familiarity with
the operation of information systems would be desirable.
                                     53

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     A newsletter-type output is recommended as the primary end product of
 the  information operation.  Topics for such an Awareness Bulletin might
 draw upon one or upon several related information inputs on a given subject
 for  review-and-analysis reporting.  The analyst would extract from available
 sources  sufficient  information to describe briefly the particular nonferrous
 metal industry activity and also to assess the potential of this activity
 for  impact on the environment.  It is recommended that the treatment of
 topics in the Awareness Bulletin be as definitive as possible, in spite of
 necessary brevity,  and that presentation style and slant should conform to
 specific EPA objectives and needs.

     The above cannot be accomplished without considerable interaction
 between  the analyst and output user.  While objectives and guidelines can
 be stated prior to  and during start-up of an information system, proof test-
 ing  of the adequacy of the output can best occur after experiencing a period
 of operation.  Thus, communications from user to analyst regarding the out-
 put  adequacy is recommended on a continuing basis.  Such interaction should
 allow for a continuing evolution of the output to permit responsiveness to
 user needs.  Strategies for information searching and treatment can thus be
 developed progressively to serve the requirements.

     The output option of topical reports is suggested to supplement the
 awareness bulletin  form of output should the need for in-depth studies in
 selected areas become apparent.  The topical report output form is suggested
 as an add-on to the basic tasks of the information system.  However, it is
 recommended that the analyst involved in producing the Awareness Bulletin
 should have key participation in the generation of any topical in-depth
 report that may prove to be a desired byproduct stemming from the information
 system activities.  It is anticipated that the analyst would have firm
 knowledge of the bulk of the information sources required for the preparation
 of a topical report, as well as a preestablished familiarity with report user
 requirements. Based on the experience of Battelle-Columbus, the analyst would
 likely require the  assistance of other specialists for specific inputs to a
 topical  report, but nevertheless should occupy a key position in coordinating
 various  inputs and  in generating an overall analysis of the topical report.


 INFORMATION OUTPUT

 The  Newsletter Format

     It  is recommended that a bimonthly newsletter output called an  "Aware-
 ness Bulletin" should be the primary product of the information operation.
 The  Awareness Bulletin should contain brief technology descriptions and
 assessments of environmental implications of pertinent technological
 development.  The descriptions and analyses would be based on the  informa-
 tion contained in one or more information items revealed  in the searching
 operation plus any  appropriate references from the prior  literature and
 other background information that the analyst might have.  Such sketches
 of the information  items meriting attention would serve to alert the  user
 of the Awareness Bulletin to existing or new nonferrous metals technology
with specific emphasis on environmental  implications.

                                     54

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     The recommendation for bimonthly publication is based in part upon the
crude results of the sample search conducted in this task, and in part upon
the modest level of rate of effort desired by EPA for the considered task.
Monthly reports would be preferable in maximizing the timely return of
analyses to EPA, but are considered to be beyond the limits of the desired
budget.  Perhaps quarterly publication would be fiscally more compatible,
but is considered as a probable serious compromise of the desired timeli-
ness of reporting and analysis.  The middle ground, bimonthly bulletins,
appears to be optimum, and this initial plan is recommended.

     The recommended format of the Awareness Bulletin is a series of infor-
mation item presentations and analyses separated one from another in loose-
leaf arrangement.  Each presentation should begin on a separate page.
Presentations might range from a half page to a few pages.  It is anticipated
that they should not be more than three pages including any data tables or
figures to augment technology descriptions.  The manuscript would be typed
on appropriately formatted pages (suggested sample shown in Figure 1).  For
the limited number of copies presumed to be desired, office machine repro«-
duction (i.e., Xerox, IBM) would be efficient.

     The above recommended loose-leaf arrangement also is amenable to the
information item filing system recommended.  The filing system envisioned
is based on a preliminary taxonomy of three classes -- metal, process, and
environmental impact -- each with a number of appropriate categories.  The
system recommended is typified by the sample classification given in Table 7.
Each information item presented in the Awareness Bulletin should be identi-
fied in a prominent place (e.g., adjacent to heading) with the appropriate
filing code number per Table 7.  Information items should be separated after
the first perusal of the Awareness Bulletin (or some other appropriate time
interval) for filing in the Awareness Bulletin file (loose-leaf notebook)
under the appropriate classification and category.  The producer of the
Awareness Bulletin should follow the same scheme as the user in filing the
information contained in issued bulletins.

     The notebook file should be fitted with section separator pages  (with
labels) for the categories of the primary classification — metals  (i.e.,
section for copper, section for lead and zinc, etc. per Table 7).  Within
these major sections of the file, the information items should be arranged
according to the additional classification schemes of processing operation
and environmental impact per Table 7.  It is recognized that the filing
rank and order recommended here is arbitrary and that it could be modified
to best reflect user requirements.  However, the system is  flexible enough
to accommodate several different filing schemes, and should be implemented
to permit the most convenient retrieval of information items from prior
Awareness Bulletin issues.

     In addition to the filing scheme described, it is recommended  that
each Awareness Bulletin issue contain a master reference page  (references
for individual item presentations also should appear at the end  of  each
item presented).  The master reference page would be an index  for each
Awareness Bulletin issue, consisting of headings of the information  items


                                     55

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USEPA - AWARENESS BULLETIN                       Cata1ogue_
(Nonferrous Metals Technology)                   Page 	
SUBJECT:
       Figure 1.  A Possible Awareness Bulletin Format
                              56

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            TABLE 7.  SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION AND  INDEXING SYSTEM RECOMMENDED FOR USE
                      IN REPORTING AND  FILING  INFORMATION  ITEMS PRESENTED IN AWARENESS BULLETINS
(a)
en

Primary Classification
Metals
Copper (+As, Se, Te)
Lead and Zinc (+Sb, Cd, Tl )
Aluminum (+Ga)
Titanium (+Zr, Hf)
Molybdenum (+Sn)
Rare Earths (+Y)
Beryllium (Be)
Mercury (Hg)
Precious Metals (Au, Ag, Pt)
Tungsten (W)
Vanadium (V)
Co lumbi urn/Tantalum (Cb, Ta)
Nickel (+Co, Mn)
Magnesium (Mg)
Multiple
Unspecified

Index
No.
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Secondary Classification
Process' '
Mining (P)
Beneficiation (P)
Smelting/Extraction (P)
Refining (P+S)
Ingot Melting (P+S)
Presmelting (S)
Smelting/Extraction (S)
Recycling Unspecified (S)
Multiple (P+S)








Index
No.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9







Tertiary Classi
Environmental
Impact
Air (Human)
Air (Ecology)
Water (Human)
Water (Ecology)
Land (Human)
Land (Ecology)
Noise
Multiple
Not Determined







fi cat ion
Index
No.
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9








      (a)  A  three-tier  system based  on  primary,  secondary, and tertiary classifications having multiple
          categories within  classifications  as shown.  Example:  Index No. 07.8.1 would indicate
          beryllium scrap  recycling  operations with  human health environmental impact implications.
      (b)  P  =  primary operations;  S  = secondary  operations

-------
presented, followed by the references used in preparing that item.   Each
entry on the master reference page should be identified with the appropriate
filing code number.  Further, pagination of each bulletin should include the
issue number and year, as well as the specific page number.   Markings,  as
above, would serve to identify items from bulletins, pertinent references,
and their currency even after disassembly of bulletins.

     Master reference pages should be subsequently filed in  the loose-leaf
file in the reference section — suggested as the first or opening  section
of the file.  This arrangement should allow for the rapid scanning  of file
contents and easy retrieval of or reference to write-ups of  particular
interest.  The producer of the Awareness Bulletin should follow the same
scheme as the user in filing the information items contained in issued
bulletins.  Since no other permanent file of the information items  used in
generating the Awareness Bulletin is recommended, this scheme is suggested
as a minimum cost method of accomplishing the information storage function.

     The sample classification scheme recommended in Table 7 represents a
useful indexing and filing system.  The most useful detailed system will
undoubtedly evolve as the generation of an Awareness Bulletin progresses.
An important initial step in planning for the publication of the bulletin
will be the mutual agreement between the EPA Project Officer and the analyst
concerning the details of the taxonomy.  Insofar as possible, the system
should be devised to allow updating without the necessity for revision of
indexing terms of prior publications.

The In-Depth Topical Report

     It is recommended that Topical In-Depth Reports should  be considered
on an add-on basis as an appropriate adjunctive activity of  the information
system should the need for such reports develop.  Since the  specific needs,
objectives, levels-of-effort, timeliness, etc. applicable to Topical Reports
cannot be anticipated, the only firm recommendation pertaining to such
details is that the information sources and analysts of the  awareness task
should be used for any pertinent in-depth study requirements that develop.
Objectives, funding, and details for the preparation of Topical Reports
should be negotiated at the time of need.

Communications

     No formal visitation or telephone communication schedules are recom-
mended for the awareness task.  However, it is recommended that frequent
communications between analyst and project officer and other users of the
information system should be established early in the life of the system.
The interaction should serve to modify and adjust system elements, partic-
ularly output, to best serve the awareness function.  As the system matures
and the adjustment needs diminish, continued informal personal communica-
tions via letter or telephone, and about two formal meetings per year,  are
recommended to serve any further system modification function and the
                                     58

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interactive inquiry-answering type service that may infrequently but neces-
sarily be required.  Inquiry answering for parties requesting output that
were not a part of the USEPA community should be established on a fee per
service basis.
RATE OF EFFORT ESTIMATES

     From the recommended methodology, the following discussion presents
estimates of the operational rates of effort and rationales expressed in
man-hours (per year) for the various functions of the information system.

Input from Periodicals

Screening—
     From the mix of daily, weekly, monthly, bimonthly, and quarterly
periodicals comprising the preferred list, 258 issues of periodicals would
be available for screening for each bimonthly Awareness Bulletin issue.
The breakdown of periodicals from the preferred list in terms of where
published, publication frequency, and number of issues to be screened per
Awareness Bulletin, is given in Table 8.  The rate-of-effort requirements
for screening these issues are as follows.

     A screening time of about 5 minutes per issue is estimated to suffice
for the screening of about half of the English language periodicals (issues)
where no "department" or page-by-page screening is necessary.  About the
same length of screening time per issue is estimated to suffice for screening
the tables of contents and the recording of titles of apparent interest  for
the foreign language periodicals.  (Only three of the foreign language
periodicals in the recommended listing do not have English tables of con-
tents or English abstracts.)  Issues of periodicals in the above category
would require about 60 man-hours per year for screening.

     The balance of periodical issues recommended for screening per Aware-
ness Bulletin (about 115 issues) is estimated to require on the order of
15 minutes screening time per issue.  These 115 issues per reporting period
would  therefore require about 170 man-hours per year for screening.

     In addition to the screening times cited above, it is estimated that
20 man-hours per year would be required for translation of tables of contents
of the three foreign language periodicals identified.  Thus, the total
screening operation is estimated to require 250 man-hours per year, largely
accomplished by junior technical staff.

Copying Service—
     Articles or news items of pertinence identified by the  screening opera-
tion would be copied.  A flat charge for copying  is typically  $0.07 per
page.  On the basis of the trial search, the roughly 258 issues  of  period-
icals to be screened per reporting period may yield on the order of 200 to
300 items ranging from brief news items to full-length technical articles
per bulletin issue.  With an assumption that the  average number  of  pages


                                     59

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                       TABLE  8.   SUMMARY OF NUMBER OF PERIODICAL ISSUES RECOMMENDED
                                 TO  BE  SCREENED FOR EACH BIMONTHLY AWARENESS BULLETIN

Issues Printed
in English
Publication
Frequency
No. of
Type to be
Screened
U.S., British, and Canadian
Daily
Weekly
Monthly^
Bimonthly
Quarterly
Total
Foreign Pub!
Monthly
Bimonthly
Quarterly
Total
Grand Total
2
8
20
1
3
30
i cations
13
0
1
14
44
Issues
Screened per
Bulletin(a)
Publications
88
72
40
1
2
203
26
0
2/3
26-2/3
229-2/3
Issues Printed in
Foreign Language but
with English Table of
Contents or Abstracts
No. of
Type to be
Screened

	
—
—
10
2
1
13
57
Issues
Screened per
Bulletin(a)

—
—
—
20
2
2/3
22-2/3
252-1/3
Issues Printed
in Foreign
Language
No. of
Type to be
Screened

__
—
—
3
0
3
3
60
Issues
Screened per
Bulletin(a)

:
—
—
6
0
6
6
258-1/3
(a)  Considering 22 issues per month per daily periodical and 4.5 issues per month per weekly periodical.

(b)  Includes four monthly metal abstract bulletins (copper, lead, zinc, and Se/Te) not listed with
     preferred periodicals.

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per information item would be about four, the total copying cost is roughly
estimated at $500/year.  The reproduced copy would be delivered to the
analyst for selection, review, and analysis.

Translation—
     In addition to the nominal requirement for table-of-contents transla-
tions for screening purposes, a few carefully selected articles from foreign
language journals are anticipated to be sufficiently important to warrant
translation for detailed analysis.  Without actual trial, there is no basis
for estimating the number, size, or languages for these, all  of which would
influence the costs of translation.  However, in keeping with the desire to
maintain a modest program, it is suggested that $2,000 be appropriated
initially for foreign article translations.  Based on rough guidelines from
Battelle-Columbus' Foreign Science Library's translation staff, this might
allow for as few as 2 to 4 or as many as 8 to 10 full or partial transla-
tions.

Selection for Review and Analysis--
     The analyst, upon receipt of articles and translations,  would scan the
information and select those writings that are truly pertinent, and perform
initial subject cataloguing in line with the agreed-upon taxonomy.  This
selection process would reduce the volume of literature to a  reasonable
size for a bimonthly bulletin.  This would best be done on a  daily, or at
least weekly basis, and would require an estimated 3 hours per week, or an
annual effort on the order of 155 man-hours.

Other Inputs

Library Abstract Services--
     Semi-annual access of two abstract services, and annual  access of
research in progress and report literature have been recommended.  The
estimated annual cost of these searches, plus the recommended patent search
to be performed as library or literature research services, is $600.  In
addition to the access charges, an estimated 50 hours of an analysts time
per year would be required for analysis (comparison of the search results
with periodical screening results) and ordering of documents to augment
the input from periodical literature as required.

Meetings and Visits--
     The recommended attendance at meetings  (two major technical conferences
per year) and visits to pertinent trade associations and selected government
agencies (a concentrated one-week trip) would require an estimated 200 man-
hours for the direct duties and the reporting and analysis of significant
findings.  In addition, travel and subsistence funds in support of these
activities might amount to roughly $1,500.

Review and Analysis

     In the preparation of the recommended bimonthly Awareness  Bulletin,  the
analyst would individually review, analyze,  and prepare a  brief written
commentary for each selected item for each catalogue subject  included.


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     This review and analysis operation would be expected to further cull
the information to the truly significant items.   As previously described,
each catalogue subject would be prepared as an independent "mini-report"
for inclusion in the Awareness Bulletin to facilitate filing by the user.

     Based on similar review and analysis activities (e.g., "Reviews" pre-
pared for MCIC at Battelle), we estimate that 90 to 100 hours of analyst
time would be required for the review/analysis/manuscript preparation for
each of the bimonthly Awareness Bulletin issues  that are recommended.  The
total annual estimate is accordingly 570 man-hours for this function.

Awareness Bulletin Publication and Distribution

     The text, tables, figures and references of the Awareness Bulletin
would be prepared according to the format previously described or with
modifications as desired.  The limited number of copies (e.g., 5 or 6
maximum) would be reproduced and distributed.  The precise typing, drafting,
editing and reproduction costs would, of course, vary with the number of
pages per issue.  This is unknown without trial, but as a rough estimate,
it is assumed that 10 pages would be a reasonable length for a typical
Awareness Bulletin.  With this presumption, the  preparation, reproduction,
and distribution of each bulletin is estimated to require 20 hours for
office staff and 10 hours for technical staff.  Annual requirements would
thus be 120 hours and 60 hours, respectively.  Charges for materials,
supplies, and direct equipment use are estimated at $200 per year for
this function.

Supportive Activities

     In addition to the direct operations cited above, costs would be
associated with supportive activities deemed essential to the performance
of this task.  These include:

     o  Telephone and letter communications and  visits with the EPA
          Project Officer
     o  Telephone and letter communications in connection with
          obtaining information, pre-prints, reprints, and visits
          to industry associations and government agencies
     o  Required task coordination and administration expenses not
          directly related to specific Awareness Bulletin activities.

     The costs for such supportive activities are estimated at 10 percent
of the costs directly accruing to the obtaining, culling, review and
analysis, and publication-associated costs for the Awareness Bulletin
operations.

Summary of Estimated Rate of Effort

     Table 9 summarizes the estimated effort, and translates this into total
estimated costs for the categorized labor grades and overheads currently
                                     62

-------
                         TABLE 9.   ESTIMATED ANNUAL  RATE OF  EFFORT  IN MAN-HOURS AND
                                   OTHER COSTS  BY ACTIVITY FOR  THE  AWARENESS BULLETIN TASK
CO

Activity
Screening
Copying
Translation
Selection
Abstracts
Meetings & Visits
Review & Analysis
Bulletin Production
Subtotals
(Dollar Equivalents)
Supportive Activities
(At VI 0 Percent of Above)

Sr. Technical
—
—
—
155
50
200
570
60
1,035
($39,340)
($3,934)
Estimated Annual Man-hours
f a\ /k\ ic\
^ ' Jr. Technical v/ Nontechnical v '
250
— —
— —
— —
— —
_ _
— —
120
250 120
($6,250) ($1,550)
($625) ($155)
Other Costs
—
$ 500
2,000
—
600
1,500
—
200
$4,800
($4,800)
($480)
Overall Estimated Cost
is $57,140

     (a)   Assume fully burdened cost of $38/Hr.

     (b)   Assume fully burdened cost of $25/Hr.

     (c)   Assume fully burdened cost of $13/Hr.

-------
exant at Battelle-Columbus.  The largest element of cost accrues  to the
recommendation for use of a senior technical  staff member with expertise
as previously described.

     The costs associated with the indicated  levels of effort are,  of
course, somewhat flexible according to specific salary rates  for  the
individuals that might be assigned.  The level  of effort (required  man hours)
is based on the preferred option recommendations resulting from discussions
with the EPA Task Officer.  Certainly other options or modifications may
be considered at either modestly greater or lesser levels of  effort.  For
example, limiting meeting attendance to one major technical meeting per
year, and visitation to 4 instead of 10 to 12 organizations would result
in roughly $4,000 less expenditure.  Placing  stringent limitations  on
retrievals from literature searching could reduce appreciably the selec-
tion effort required, and to some extent the  review and analysis  and
bulletin preparation requirements.  Such options would, of course,  diminish
the scope and/or depth of analysis that would otherwise be possible.
                                     64

-------
                                APPENDIX A

   ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF ALL DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN PERIODICALS EXAMINED
                   FOR PERTINENCY TO THE AWARENESS TASK


     The listing is given in Table A-l.  The first column, Document Title,
establishes the alphabetical order of listing for all  documents examined,
both domestic and foreign publications.  The second, third, fourth, and
fifth columns represent the numbers of pertinent information items  found
during the source sampling exercise in periodical issues A, B,  and  C,  and
totals (labeled SUM).  Blanks in these columns indicate issues  not  examined
either because they were not available or because the document  was  judged
to be inappropriate to the task (rated X in the adjacent sixth  column).

     The sixth column, labeled RATE, has entries indicating the overall
value of the document to the awareness task.  The G rating, for Good,
was assigned to the most appropriate documents.  M ratings were assigned
to documents of moderate interest and X ratings were given documents
having little or no pertinence to the considered task.

     The seventh column, labeled RANK, has entries based on the number
of pertinent information items found per document indicating highest
priority (the lowest rank number) for documents having the highest
number of information items.  However, the rank number is subordinate
to the rating.  That is, a document wherein only four items were found
during the sampling of three issues and rated G, was ranked higher  than
a document wherein ten items were found but was rated M, etc.

     Whereas the rating and ranking of periodicals is disordered
when the listing is in alphabetical order as in Table A-l, rated and
ranked (ordered) presentations of documents are given in Sections 6
and 7.

     The eighth column, labeled ID NOS., merely represents a document
identification number for internal purposes.
                                   65

-------
TABLE A-l.   ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN PERIODICALS
            EXAMINED FOR PERTINENCY TO THE AWARENESS TASK
No. Items' '
Found In
Document Title
Acta Metal lurgica
Air Conditioning, Heating and
Refrigeration
American Machinist
American Metal Market
Assembly Engineering
A
0

0

4

Australasian Corrosion Engineering 0
Australasian Institute of Mining
And Metallurgical Proc.
Australian Mining
Archiwum Hutnictwa/Pan (Poland)
Automatic Machining
Banyasyaii Es Kohazati
Lapok-Banyaszat (Hungary)
Banyasyaii Es Kohazati
Lapok-Kohaszat (Hungary)
Banyasyaii Es Kohazati
Lapok-Ontode (Hungary)
Barrens Business and Financial
Weekly
Bell Labs Record
Bui. Res. Inst. Mineral Dressing
and Met., Tohoku Univ.
Business Week
Canadian Journal of Chemistry
Canadian Journal of Physics
Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly
Canadian Mining and Metallur-
gical Bulletin

2
0
2


1

2

1

0


2
1


1

1
B
0



4

1

2
2
1


0

0

0

0


0
1


1

1
C
0



4

2

2
2
1


0

0

0

2


3
0


0

1
Sum
0

0

12

3

6
4
4


1

2

1

2


5
2


2

3
Rat!
X

X
X
G
X
G

G
G
G
X

M

G

G

M
X

G
M
X
X
G

G
) (c) 1°
Rank Nos.
130

131
158
10
159
26

16
21
24
160

80

31

41

67
189

19
65
188
187
35

27
740

750
760
100
770
36

34
35
5
780

63

64

65

410
790

85
110
800
810
120

140
(continued)

66







-------
TABLE A-l.  (Continued)
Document Title
Canadian Mining Journal
Canadian Research and
Devel opment
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Week
Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires Des
Seances L. Acad. Sciences, B
Compes Rendus Hebodomadaires Des
Seances L. Acad. Sciences, D
Control Engineering
Corrosion
Corrosion Science
Critical Reviews in Environ-
mental Control
Czechoslovak Heavy Industry
Design Engineering
DFVLR Nachrichten (Germany)
Doklady Akademii Nauk (USSR)
No. Items^
Found In
A
0

0
1
0

0

0

•


0
0
0

1
Electrowarme-International (Germany) 0
Engineer
Engineering
Engineering and Mining Journal
Engineering Materials and Design
Environmental Science and Tech-
nology
Erzmetall (Germany)
Filtration and Separation
Fitzika Metalov I.
Metal! ovedeniye (USSR)
Fonderia (Italy)
0
0
3
0

0
6
7

0
1
B
1

0
0
0

0

0





1
0

0
0
0
0
2
0

0
4
3

0
0
C
1

0
1
0

0

0





1
0

1
0
0
0
3
0

1
3
4

0
0
Sum
2

0
2
0

0

0




0
2
0

2
0
0
0
8
0

1
13
14

0
1
Ratea)
G

X
M
X

M

M
X
X
X

X
G
X
. X
G
X
X
X
M
X

G
G
X

X
M
a»
34

127
64
110

92

123
186
185
184

118
38
128
154
30
136
111
119
53
120

46
9
103

115
74
Nos.
130

710
440
430

56

55
820
830
840

580
3
720
47
79
17
450
590
150
600

1000
18
470

1
21
(continued)

67







-------
TABLE A-l.  (Continued)
No. Items*3'
Found In
Document Title
Foundry Management and Technology
Foundry Trade Journal
Giesserei (Germany)
Giesserei Forschung (Germany)
Gieszereitechnik (Germany) x
Hansa (Germany)
Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning
Hitachi Review (Japan)
Hungarian Heavy Industry
Hutnik (Czechoslovakia)
Hutnik (Poland)
Hutnicke Li sty (Czechoslovakia)
Hydrometallurgy
IEEE Transactions on Power
Apparatus and Systems
IHI Engineering Review (Japan)
Ilmailu (Finland)
Indian And Eastern Engineer
Indian Journal of Technology
Industrial Water Engineering
Industrie!! Teknik (Sweden)
Industry Week
Inorganic Chemistry
International Journal of Mineral
Processing (Neth.)
International Metallurgical Reviews
Inzynieria Chemiczna (Poland)
Iron Age
A
1
1
1
0
1


0
0
1
0
0
4


0

2
0
4
0
1


6
0
1
1
B
2
1
3
0
0


1
1
0
0
1
10


0

2
0
5
0
1


2
0
0
0
C
1
1
0
0
1


0
1
0
0
0
4


1

0
2
4
0
1


2
0
0
1
Sum
4
3
4
0
2


1
2
1
0
1
18


1

4
2
13
0
3


10
0
1
2
(b) (c)
Rate Rank
X
M
G
X
M
X
X
G
G
M
M
G
M

X
M
X
M
G
X
X
M
X

G
X
M
G
107
62
22
140
63
152
183
44
39
81
85
42
50

182
71
151
58
33
104
144
61
181

11
124
72
36
(d)
ID
Nos.
460
480
41
42
19
49
850
84
4
62
6
61
1006

860
12
51
81
38
510
52
160
870

25
680
7
180
(continued)

68







-------
TABLE A-l.  (Continued)
Document Title
Iron Age Metal working
International (Neth.)
No. Items' '
Found In
A

0
Izvestiya Acad. Nauk USSR, Metal ly 3
Izvestiya, VUZ, Tsvetnaya
Metal lurgiya (USSR)
Jernkontorets Annaler (Sweden)
journal of Applied Mechanics
(ASME Transactions)
Journal of Applied Physics
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Journal of Heat Transfer
(ASME Transactions
Journal of Metals (AIME)
Journal of Pressure Vessel
Technology (ASME Trans.)
Journal of Scientific and
Industrial Research (India)
Journal of The Air Pollution
Control Association
Journal of The American Water
Works Association
Journal Faculty of Eng.,
Tokyo Univ., Series A
Journal Faculity of Eng.,
Tokyo Univ., Series B
Journal Of The Japan
Institute Of Metals
Journal Of The Water Pollution
Control Federation
Kinzoku (Japan)
Kjemi (Sweden)
Kokubo (Japan)

6
0



1


1



0

1

0

0

0

0

1
1
0

B

0
1

13
0



0


1



0

1

0

0

0

0

2
0
0

C

0


7
0



0


12



0

1

1

0

0

0

1
0
0

Sum

0
4

26
0



1


14



0

3

1

0

0

0

4
1
0

(b) (c)
Rate Rank

M
M

G
X

X
X
G

X
G

X

M

G

M

M

M

M

M
M
X
X

88
59

1
138

180
179
48

178
7

177

89

28

75

94

97

87

55
69
145
156
ID(d>
Nos.

26
73

2
28

880
890
1070

900
500

910

39

200

190

93

94

14

210
15
54
86
(continued)

69







-------
TABLE A-l.  (Continued)
No. Items ^
Found In
Document Title
La Fonderia Beige (Belgium)
La Metallurgia Italiana (Italy)
Machine Design
Materials Engineering
Materials Evaluation
Materials Science and Engineering
Material no-Tekhni ches ko
Snaboyavane (Bulgaria)
MBB-Aktuell (Germany)
Mechanical Engineering
Metal Construction
Metal Science
Metal Week
Metal 1 (Germany)
Metal lovedeniya I Termicheskaya
Obrabotka Metal lov (USSR)
Metal lurg (USSR)
Metallurgia ABM (Brazil)
Metallurgical Transactions
(ASM, AIME) Section A
Metallurgical Transactions
(ASM, AIME) Section B
Metal! urgicheskaya I Gornorudnaya
Promyshlennost (USSR)
Metals and Materials
Metals Technology
Metalurgia (Rumania)
Metalurgija (Yugoslavia)
Mineral Research Bulletin
A
0
0





0


0
0
3
2

0
0
1

0

3

0
4
0
1

0
B
0
0





0


0
0
1
5

0
0
1

0

6

0
0
0
0

0
C
0
0





0


0
0
0
1



1

0

0


0
0
1

0
Sum
0
0





0


0
0
4
8

0
0
3

0

9

0
4
0
2

0
(a) (b)
Rate Rank
X
M
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
G
G

X
X
M

X

M

M
X
M
G

M
113
86
176
175
174
173

132
153
172
121
122
20
12

190
133
60

112

52

105
108
99
37

84
ID(d)
Nos.
27
22
920
930
940
950

66
48
960
640
650
620
20

74
75
31

330

320

76
560
660
10
80
490
(continued)

70







-------
TABLE A-l.  (Continued)
Document Title
Minerals Science and
Engineering (South Africa)
Mine and Quarry
Mining Congress Journal
Mining Engineering
Mining Journal
Mining Magazine
Modern Castings
Modern Metals
Modern Power and Engineering
Nat. Metallurgical Lab. Tech.
Journal (India)
National Technical Report (Japan)
Neue Hutte (East Germany)
NKG Transactions Of The Japan
Institute of Metals
Ocean Engineering
Ochrona Powietrza (Poland)
Paydirt
Polymer Engineering and Science
No
A

4
1
4
4
8
3
1
0
0

0
0
0

0

3


Prace Instytutow Hutniczych (Poland) 0
Product Engineering
Problemy Projektowo Hutnictwa I
Przemyslu Maszynowego (Poland)
Prometal (Switzerland)
Radex Rundschau (Germany)
Report Inst. of Industrial
Science, Tokyo Univ.
Research/Devel opment

2
0
1

0
0
. Items ™
Found In
B

3
4
7
0
7
5
0
0
0

6
0
2

0




0

2
0
0

0
0
C


4
2
0
8
3
0
1
0

0
0
5

0




1

1
0
0


1
Sum

7
9
13
4
23
11
1
1
0

6
0
7

0

3


1

5
0
1

0
1
(b) (c)
Rate Rank

G
X
G
M
G
M
M
M
X

G
X
G

M
X
G
G
X
M
X
M
X
M

M
M

13
106
8
57
2
51
83
76
129

17
116
14

91
171
29
49
170
73
169
54
114
79

102
78
ID
Nos.

33
260
250
230
520
270
630
310
730

40
13
50

83
970
8
1080
980
9
990
70
30
45

95
300
(continued)

71







-------
TABLE A-l.  (Continued)
Document Title
Revista Latinoamericana De
Siderurgia (Chile)
Revue De L Aluminum (France)
Revue De Metal lurgie (France)
Revue General e Des Techniques
La Metal. Const. Mech.
Revue International Hautes
Temp. Refracktaires
Revue Les Meoires Scientifiques
De La Revue De Metal lurgie
Rubber Chemistry and Technology
Rubber World
Rudodobiv (Bulgaria)
Rudy I Metal e Niezelazne (Poland)
Scandinavian Journal of
Metallurgy (Sweden)
Science of Sintering (Yugoslavia)
Science Reports Research Inst.,
Tohoku Univ., Series A
Sea Technology
Separation Science
Shin Boei Ronshu (Japan)
Skill ings Mining Review
Society of Mining Engineers,
Transactions (AIME)
Spisanie Na Bulgarskoto Geologi-
chesko Druzhestvo (Bulgaria)
Sprechsaal (Germany)
Sumitomo Metals (Japan)
Tetsu-To-Hagane (Japan)
Teknikens Vorld (Sweden)
No. Items ^
Found In
A

0
0
0

0

0

0


6
3

1


0

0

2

9
1
0
0
0

B

0
0
0

0

0

0


6
3

0


0

0

3

2
0
0
0
0

C

0
0
0

0

0

0


3
1

0


0

0

1

8
1
0

0

Sum

0
0
0

0

0

0


15
7

1


0

0

6

19
2
0
0
0

(a) (b)
Rate Rank

X
X
X

X

X

M
X
X
G
G

G


M
X
M
X
G

G
M
X
M
X
X

139
146
137

148

147

90
168
167
6
15

43


100
166
96
157
18

4
66
143
95
135
150
(d)
ID
Nos.

32
57
23

60

58

24
1005
1010
67
71

29
11

92
1020
290
87
280

380
68
46
89
16
53
(continued)

72







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TABLE A-l.  (Continued)
Document Title
The British Foundryman
The Mine Magazine
The Sumitomo Search (Japan)
33-Magazine, Metal Producing
Tooling and Production
Trade Times, Japanese Machinery
Exporters Assoc. Bull.
Transactions Of The Indian
Institute of Metals
Trans. Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy, Section A
Trans. Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy, Section B
Trans. Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy, Section C
Trans, of The Nat. Research
Inst. for Metals (Japan)
Trudy Inst. Metal lurgii I
Obogashcheniia Acad. Nauk.
Kazakh, SSR
Tsvetnyye Metal ly (USSR)
VDI Zeitschrift (Germany)
Verres Et Refractaires (France)
VGB Kraft Werkstechnik (Germany)
Wall Street Journal
Water Air and Soil Pollution
Water and Pollution Control
Water and Wastes Engineering
Water Research
Welding Design and Fabrication
No. I terns ^
Found In
A
0
1
0
2


0

0

0

1

1

1


8
12
0

0
2
1
0
1
2
0
B
0
0
0
1


0

2

0

1

0

0


6
10
0

0
0
0
0
0
2
0
C
0
0
0
1


0

0

0

2

0

0


4

0

0
2
0
0
0
0
0
Sum
0
1
0
4


0

2

0

4

1

1


18
22
0

0
4
1
0
1
4
0
(b) (c)
Rate Rank
X
M
X
G
X

M

G

G

G

G

G


G
G
X
X
X
M
M
X
M
X
X
117
68
134
23
164

101

32

47

25

45

40


5
3
141
149
142
56
70
126
77
109
125
(d)
IDV '
Nos.
570
1004
90
420
1040

88

82

1001

1002

1003

91


78
77
43
59
44
390
1005
700
350
360
690
(continued)

73







-------
                           TABLE A-l.   (Continued)

No. Items ^

Found In (b) (c)
Document Title
Welding Journal
Wiadmosci Hutnicze (Poland)
World Mining (Australia)
Zashchita Na Prirodata (Bulgaria)
A B C Sum Rate
X
000 0 M
322 7 G
X .
Rank
162
98
15
155
i
(d)
ID* '
Nos.
1060
72
37
69
(a)  The second, third, fourth,  and  fifth  columns  (A,  B,  C, and  SUM,  respec-
     tively) represent the numbers of pertinent  information items  found  in
     the search of periodical  issues.

(b)  The sixth column (RATE) indicates an  overall  value of the document  to
     the awareness task.  G =  Good,  M = Moderate interest, X  = Little or
     No interest.

(c)  The seventh column (RANK) indicates priority  order based on number  of
     information items found per document.   RANK is  subordinate  to RATE.
     All documents examined are  included in  the  RANK order  (i.e.,  Domestic
     and Foreign publications).

(d)  The eighth column (ID Nos.) indicates an  internal identification
     number.

Note:  There are no periodicals  ranked 82, 93, 161,  163,  or 165.  There  are
       two documents ranked 15.
                                     74

-------
                               APPENDIX B

                        COMAT RETRIEVAL DESCRIPTION

     COMAT is a BASIC language computer data package prepared for
the FCST - authorized Committee on Materials.  It contains about
2,300 records describing federally-funded materials research and
development programs.  The file is maintained by Battelle-Columbus
as part of the BASIS program.

     COMAT was accessed as a demonstration for Task 54 and the print-
out is given in Table B-l.  Three retrievals were made, as follows:

     (1)  Metal ores ojr nonferrous metals were combined with
          mine development, mining, primary metal winning
          processes, or waste management as processing opera-
          tions.  A total of 25 records were retrieved, and
          are shown in the following list under PRINT 9
          (Page B-2).

     (2)  For the above records, an added specification to
          select programs dealing in part with a description
          of emission sources or emission reduction was keyed.
          This reduced the retrieval to two records.  These
          are displayed under PRINT 11 in the following list
          (Page B-10).

     (3)  Only one of the 25 records described a project that
          is in force (or was planned for FY 76) that was
          started primarily because of a desire to influence
          the impact on the environment.  This is displayed
          under PRINT 13 (Page B-ll).
                                   75

-------
                TABLE  B-l.  RECORDS FROM THE COMAT DATA BASE
 RECORD  1
 ACCESSION NO
 CONTRACTOR
 TITLE
 CONTRACT NO
 SPONSOR
 AGENCY
    LABORATORY
 FUNDING
 STATUS
 OBJECTIVE
 MISSION
 MATERIAL
 FUNCTION

 RECORD  2
 ACCESSION NO
 CONTRACTOR
 TITLE
 CONTRACT NO
 SPONSOR
 AGENCY
    LABORATORY
 FUNDING ($)
 STATUS
 OBJECTIVE
 MISSION
 MATERIAL
 FUNCTION
 KEY WORDS
RECORD 3
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
                                   PRINT 9
111
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
BENEFICIATION OF NONMAGNETIC TACONITES
9366/5170
DOI
BU MINES
MET
700
CONT
PROC
MATL
MTOR
SR  :
         DEV
         REDEV
         MNRL
       PRM
NORN
MTRS
MOM
114
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
PROCESSING COPPER-NICKEL AND COPPER ORES
9366/5166
DOI
BU MINES
MET
300
CONT
         DEV
         REDEV
         MNRL  :  NORN  :  MTRS  :  MOM
PROC
MATL
MTOR
PRM
COBALT
                          ADDE NICKEL
           SILVER
                    GRADE RESOURCE
 :   DULUTH GABBRO
  ENVIRONMENT
             NICKEL
               LOW-
121
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
ELECTRO DEPOSITION TECHNOLOGY
9367/5148
DOI
BU MINES
MET
160
CONT
PREF  :  COST
METL  :  MP  :  IND
NFRS  :  METL  :  PRMAT  :  MOM

              (continued)
                                     76

-------
                          TABLE B-l.  (Continued)
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS

RECORD 4
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS

RECORD 5
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
  LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS

RECORD 6
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS
REF  :  PRM
COPPER  :  CHANNEL  CELL
129
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
NICKEL RECOVERY FROM WESTERN RESOURCES
9368/4580
DOI
BU MINES
MET
360
PROC
MATL
MTOR
SR :
COBALT
DEV
REDEV
MARL
PRM

                  NORN
MTRS
MOM
132
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
RECOVERY OF IRON AND TITANIUM FROM TITANIFEROUS  MAGNETITES
9368/4582
DOI
BU MINES
MET
300
INIT
PROC  :  DEV
MATL  :  REDEV
MTOR  :  MARL  :  NORN  :   MTRS  :  MOM
CONV  :  PRM
LOW-GRADE RESOURCE  :  SMELTING  :  FLUORSPAR
133
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
RECOVERY OF CHROMIUM FROM DOMESTIC SOURCES
9368/4583
DOI
BU MINES
MET
130
PROC  :  DEV
MATL  :  REDEV
MTOR  :  MNRL  :   NORN  :  MOM
CONV  :  PRM
LOW-GRADE RESOURCE  :  CHROMITE  :  STILLWATER COMPLEX

              (continued)
                                      77

-------
                          TABLE B-l.  (Continued)
RECORD 7
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION

RECORD 8
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION

RECORD 9
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS

RECORD 10
ACCESSION NO
134
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
STEEL FROM PREREDUCED PELLETS
9368/4570
DO I
BU MINES
MET
70
CONT
PROC
METL
MTOR
REF :
DEV
MP :
MNRL
PRM
IND
: NORN
                           MTRS
135
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
CHLORINATION OF ILMENITE
9368/4574
DO I
BU MINES
MET
330
CONT
PROC  :  DEV
MATL  :  REDEV
MTOR  :  MNRL  :  NORN  :  MTRS
CONV  :  PRM
MOM
MOM
145
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
PRODUCTION OF ALUMINA FROM DOMESTIC RESOURCES
9369/4057
DOI
BU MINES
MET
240
CONT
PROC  :  DEV
MATL  :  REDEV
MTOR  :  MNRL  :  NORN  :  MTRS  :  MOM
SR  :  PRM
CLAY  :  LEACHING  :  ALUMINUM  :  LOW-GRADE RESOURCE
147
                                 (continued)
                                     78

-------
                          TABLE B-l.  (Continued)
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS

RECORD 11
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS
RECORD 12
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS
 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
 RECOVERY OF SILVER FROM REFRACTORY  OR  LOW-GRADE RESOURCES
 9369/4076
 DO I
 BU MINES
 MET
,360
 CONT
 PROC  :  DEV
 MATL  :  REDEV
 MTOR  :  MNRL  :   NORN  :   MTRS  :   MOM
 PRM
 GOLD  :  ELECTRODEPOSITION
 148
 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
 RECOVERY OF HEAVY MINERALS
 9369/4075
 DO I
 BU MINES
 MET
 80
 INIT
PROC
MATL
MTOR
RECVA
BLACK J
CHROM3
DEV
REDEV
MNRL
: WAST
5ANDS :
[TE
: NORN
TAILINGS
                            MTRS
                                    MOM
                              MAGNETITE
                                           ILMENITE
 149
 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
 LOW-COST METALS FOR NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION
 9369/4072
 DOI
 BU MINES
 MET
 200
 CONT
          COST
         NUCS  :  EPG  :   ENRG
          MNRL  NORN  :   MTRS  :   MOM
PREF
FIS
MTOR
SR  :
ZIRCONIUM
               HAFNIUM
SEPARATION
                                  (continued)

                                      79

-------
                          TABLE B-l.  (Continued)
RECORD 13
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE

CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS

RECORD 14
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS

RECORD 15
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS
150
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
RECOVERY OF LEAD AND ZINC FROM SULFIDE CONCENTRATES BY
 CHLORINE LEACHING
9369/4071
DO I
BU MINES
MET
520
CONT
PROC  :  DEV
METL  :  MP  :  IND
MTOR  :  MNRL  :  NORN  :  MTRS  :  MOM
PRM
PROC  :  REDN  : EMIS  : ELECTRO DEPOSITION  :  FUSED SALT
153
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
COPPER PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
9370/4121
DO I
BU MINES
MET
175
CONT
PROC     DEV
METL     MP  :  IND
MTOR     MNRL  :  NORN  :  MTRS
PRM
CHALCOPYRITE
         MOM
155
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
GOLD AND SILVER MINERAL PROCESSING
9370/4127
DOI
BU MINES
MET
180
CONT
PROC
MATL
MTOR
SR :
LOW-GR/
DEV
REDEV
MNRL
PRM
IDE RESO
                  NORN
MTRS
MOM
                       REFRACTORY ORE
               LEACHING
                                 (continued)
                                      80

-------
                          TABLE B-1.  (Continued)
RECORD. 16
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($) •
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION

RECORD 17
ACCESION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS

RECORD 18
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION

RECORD 19
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
156
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
RECOVERY OF TUNGSTEN FROM SEARLES
9370/4129
DOI
BU MINES
MET
100
CONT
                            LAKE  BRINES
PROC
MATL
MTOR
SR  :
  DEV
  REDEV
  MNRL
PRM
NORN
MTRS
MOM
157
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
RECOVERY OF MANGANESE FROM OCEAN NODULES
9370/4141
DOI
BU MINES
MET
50
CONT
PROC  :  DEV
MATL  :  REDEV
MTOR  :  MNRL  :   NORN  :   MTRS  :   MOM
CONV  :  PRM
SEA NODULES  :  NICKEL  :   COPPER  :  COBALT
160
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
IMPROVED COPPER LEACHING
9370/4123
DOI
BU MINES
MET
235
CONT
PROC
METL
MTOR
PRM
DEV
MP :
MNRL
IND
: NORN
                           MTRS
                             MOM
165
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
              (continued)
                                     81

-------
                          TABLE B-l.  (Continued)
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS

RECORD 20
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS
RECORD 21
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING  ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS
RECORD  22
ACCESSION NO
COBALT AND NICKEL RECOVERY FROM MISSOURI LEAD ORES
9371/4156
DOI
BU MINES
MET
125
CONT
PROC  :  DEV
SEMAT  :  MP
MTOR
RECVA
MNRL
 WAST
CHALCOPYRITE
IND
 NORN

SIEGENITE
MTRS
MOM
                      TAILINGS
                 BYPRODUCT
166
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
BASE-METAL PROCESSING
9371/4111
DOI
BU MINES
MET
300
CONT
PROC  :  DEV
SEMAT  :  MP  :  IND
MTOR  :  MNRL  :  NORN
PRM
LOW-GRADE RESOURCE  :
 NICKEL  :  BYPRODUCT
                  MTRS
                   MOM
              SPHALERITE  :   ZINC
              :   ELECTRODEPOSITION
                              COBALT
174
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
MINIPLANT EVALUATION OF ALUMINA RECOVERY PROCESS
9486/4191
DOI
BU MINES
MET
730
CONT
PPLT     EVAL
MATL     REDEV
MTOR     MNRL  :  NORN  :  MTRS   :  MOM
SR  :  PRM
ALUMINUM  :   ALUNITE  :  ANORTHOSITE   :  COST EVALUATION
 LOW GRADE RESOURCE
646
                                  (continued)

                                      82

-------
                          TABLE B-l.  (Continued)
CONTRACTOR
  ENVMAT
TITLE
SPONSOR
FUNDING ($)
  ENVFUN
  ENVTYP
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS
RECORD  23
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS

RECORD 24
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE

CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS
OTHER
METAL  :  PROCES
PROCESS EVALUATION WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTROL
  SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT RELATIVE TO NONFERROUS METALS
  PROCESSING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1073
PRODUC
MULTI  :  EMIS
CONT
PROC   :  DEV
ENVQ
NFRS   :  METL  :  PRMAT  :  MOM  :   ADDE POL
DISP   :  WAST
PROC   :  REDN  :  EMIS  :  POLLUTANTS  :  RESIDUALS  ;
 POINT SOURCE  :  INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES  :  COPPER
1057
PRIVATE
DESIGN OF LARGE ALUMINA PILOT PLANTS
DO I
BU MINES
MET
2005
1/1
MRSE  :  DEV
MATL  :  REDEV
MTOR  :  MNRL  :  NORN  :  MTRS  :   MOM
SR  :  PRM
ALUMINUM
LOW-GRADE RESOURCE
1060
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
 CONVERSION PLANTS
9448/5158
DO I
BU MINES
MET
165
CONT
MTTK     DEV
MATL     REDEV
MTOR     MNRL   :  NORN   :  MTRS   :  MOM
SR  :  PRM
BRINE  :  LITHIUM:  MANGANESE   :  MAGNESIUM   :  LEAD

              (continued)
                                      83

-------
                          TABLE B-l.  (Continued)
RECORD 25
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS
1826
OTHER
ZIRCONIUM POWDER PRODUCTION STUDY
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
AIR FORCE
AIR FORCE MATERIALS LABORATORY
184
INIT
TECH     EVAL
MUNI     DEF
NFRS     METL  :  PRMAT  :  MOM
REF  :  PRM
THERMAL BATTERIES  :   MISSILES  :  MATERIAL SHORTAGE
 CRITICAL MATERIAL  :  NEW MATERIAL SOURCE
                                  PRINT 11
RECORD 1
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
TITLE

CONTRACT NO
SPONSOR
AGENCY
   LABORATORY
FUNDING ($)
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS
150
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
RECOVERY OF LEAD AND ZINC FROM SULFIDE CONCENTRATES BY
  CHLORINE LEACHING
9369/4071
DO I
BU MINES
MET
520
CONT
PROC  :  DEV
METL  :  MP  :  IND
MTOR  :  MNRL  :  NORN  :  MTRS  :  MOM
PRM
PROC  :  REDN  : EMIS  : ELECTRO DEPOSITION   : FUSED SALT
RECORD 2
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
  ENVMAT
TITLE
SPONSOR
FUNDING ($)
  ENVFUN
  ENVTYP
STATUS
646
OTHER
METAL  :  PROCES
PROCESS EVALUATION WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTROL
  SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT RELATIVE TO NONFERROUS METALS
  PROCESSING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1073
PRODUC
MULTI  :  EMIS
CONT

              (continued)
                                      84

-------
                          TABLE B-l.  (Continued)
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS
         PROC  :   DEV
         ENVQ
         NFRS  :   METL  :   PRMAT  :   MOM  :   ADDE POL
         DISP  :   WAST
         PROC  :   REDN  :   EMIS  :   POLLUTANTS  :  RESIDUALS  :
          POINT SOURCE INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES   :  COPPER  :   LEAD
          ZINC
                                  PRINT 13
RECORD 1
ACCESSION NO
CONTRACTOR
  ENVMAT
TITLE
SPONSOR
FUNDING  ($)
   ENVFUN
   ENVTYP
STATUS
OBJECTIVE
MISSION
MATERIAL
FUNCTION
KEY WORDS
         646
         OTHER
         METAL  :  PROCES
         PROCESS EVALUATION WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTROL
           SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT RELATIVE TO NONFERROUS METALS
           PROCESSING
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
         1073
         PRODUC
         MULTI  :  EMIS
         CONT
         PROC   :  DEV
         ENVQ
         NFRS   :  METL   :  PRMAT  :  MOM  :  ADDE POL
         DISP   :  WAST
         PROC   :  REDN   :  EMIS  :  POLLUTANTS  :  RESIDUALS  :
          POINT SOURCE INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES  :  COPPER  :  LEAD
          ZINC
     THE ABOVE LISTING IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING -
     *
     *
     *
     *
     *
     *
     *
     *
     *
     *
     *
     *
ITEMS
  27
   5
  75
 107
 137
 324
  87
 114
  25
 285
   2
 161
   1
LINE

 V
 2/
 3/
 4/
 5/
 6/
 II
 8/
 9/
10/
IV
12/
13/
REQUEST
MAT.MTOR
FUN.MDEV
FUN.MQ
FUN.PRM
FUN,WAST
(2030405)
MAT,NFRS
(107)
(6A8)
KW.EMIS
(9A10)
MIS,ENVQ
(9A12)
COMAT ENCODING
SHEETS FOR THE
MNEMONICS USED
IN THIS INVENTORY
ARE SHOWN ON PAGES
B-12 AND B-13.
                                     85

-------
                                                      COMAT  ENCODING   SHEET.   SIDE   1
  1)  Accession Number
  2)  Contractor Name
      D  Federal Government   D  State and Local Government   O  Private    Q  Academic    D   Not lor Profit   D  National Labs.    O  Other
  7|  Contract Title .
  8)  Contract Number
                                                               9)  Sponsoring Directive
                                                                                                                                101  Specific Agency
 11)  Agency Laboratory. Division, etc.
                                                              IS)  Dollar Funding
                                                                                                                                19)  Status of Contract
 20)  OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH PROGRAM
         Development or Upgrading of:
         C RSRC   Resources
         C PROC   Processes
         C MATL   Meteriats end Material Application
OEDUC  Education
         0 RSSP  Research Support
         0 NITH   New Information and Theory
22)   MISSION (Continued)
D TRANS Transportation
         O AIR    Air
         O RAIL   Rail
         Q MWAV Highway
         Q PUNE  Pipeline
         O WATR Water
         O MHL   Materials Handling and Logistics
         O PROSY Propulsion Systems
         D AREAL Aresl (Urban. Inlerurban, Interstate. International
22)  MISSION (Continued)
QIND   Industrial
         D MP     Material Processing
                  G METL  Metals
                  GCRMC  Ceramics
                  Q SYNT  Synthetics
                  OCOMP  Composites
                  O SEMAT Secondary Materials
         Q MANU  Manufacturing
                  Q TEQIP  Tools and Equipment
                  D CONG  Comsumer Goods
 O EVAL  Evaluation of:
         C RSRC  Resources
         C TECN  Technical-Economic
         0 PPLT  Pilot Plant Operations
         O EMPO  Emissions end Pollutants
         C ENCO  Energy Utilization and Consumption
Q SUBS  Substitution of Materials for:
         ~ FOSL  Fossil Hydrocarbons
                 O PETR   Petroleum Products
                 D NTGS  Netureraes
                 O COKE  Coke or High-Rank Coal
         D SCEX  Strategic. Critical, or Expensive Materials
                 O FIRS   Fluorspar
                 D PLAT   Platinum
                 O CHRO  Chromium
                 O NICK   Nickel
                 OCATV   Catalysts
D COST  Cost Reduction
         D PREF   Improved Process Efficiency
         G MATY  Improved Material Yield/Recovery
         G EQLF   Improved Equipment Life
O CNSV  Conaervetion of Resources and Material.

DENRG  Conservation of Energy

Q EHVT  Environmental Protection

         D 	
GAOOE
                      iptor
D MLTf>  Multiple
OUNSP
DOTMR  Other
22)  MISSION

G COMSEN  Communieation ft Sensing
         D MMC  Mass Media Communication
         C PC    Private Communication
         Q GKfL  Group. Interagancv. Governmental Communication
         O OET   Detection
                 OOBJ   Obiecil
                 O ENT    Event!
D SPACE Space
         D EXPLO  Exploration (Manner. Grand Tour, etc.)
         O EXPER  Experimentation (Workshop. Spacelab. etc.)
         D WOSAT Working Satellites (ERTS. COMSAT, etc I
         O STRAN  Transportation {Shuttle. Tug. etc )
         O HABEN  General Habitat and Environmenl
         O MSDR  Material and Systems Development Reliability
DENRG  Energy
         O RSRC   Resources
         O CNSV   Conservation
         O UTICON Utilization and Consumption
         GCONV   Conversion
         D STOR   Storage
         G TRAD!   Transmission and Distribution
         QCTRAN  Energy (or Transportation
         Q EPG    Electrical Power Generation
                  D FOPL   Fossil Plants
                  G SES   Solar Energy Systems
                  G GTHM  Geothermal
                  GHEIEC Hydroelectric
                  G WSYS  Wind Systems
                  O NUCS  Nuclear Systems
                          G FIS     Fission
                                   G CONPL  Conventional Plants
                                   D ADSYS  Advanced Systems
                                   D BREA   Breeder Reactors
                          D FUS    Fusion
OtNVO.  Environment.! duality
         G AGIM  Agricultural Impacts
         G MBIM  Mining and Benefication Impacts
         QINDIM  Industrial Impacts
         O COMIM Commercial Impects
         D DOMIM Domestic Impacts
         D GOVIM Government Impacts
         OINSIM  Institutional Impacts
                                                             O HLTN  Health
                                                                      DBIOMA Biocompatible Materials
                                                                      GAPDEV Appliances and Devices
OSAFT  Safety
         05IND   Industrial
         QSDOM  Domestic
         G SPGO   Protective Gear and Devices
G CONST Construction
         O ROHY   Roads and Highwaya
         G BRI     Bridgae
         GCOIND  Industrial
         GCOMM  Commercial
G REDEV Resource Development
         O MATL  Materials
         O ENRG  Energy Resources
         G NATR  Natural Resources
GCNSV  Conservation
         O MATL  Materials
         G ENRG . Energy Resources
         G NATR  Natural Resources
GSEC
         Security
         G LENF  Law Enforcement
         O DISC  Disaster Control
G ECON  Economics
         GSOR    Supply/Demand Relationships
         G CAC    Cost Analysis and Criteria
         QINRE    International Relationships
         G FIN     Finance
                                                                                                                            O EOT    Education end Development of Knowledge
O AGR   Agriculture
         G FRST   Forests
         D GFAR   General Farming
                  G CROP  Crops
                  G HUSH  Husbandry
DOENO  Ocean Engineering
         G PS     Physical Science
         O MS     Mineral Science
         O BS     Biological Science
                                                                                                                            GOEF
         Defense
         G AC     Aircraft
         D MIS    Missiles
         OLVEH   Land Vehicles
         G SHIP   Ships
         OWC    Watercreft
         QOESPA Space
         O ARM   Armament
         G MUNI   Munitions
         G SUEQU Support Equipment

G MULT  Multiple
GUNSP  Unspecified
DADDE  Addition Descriptor
                                                                                   86

-------
                                                    COMAT   ENCODING   SHEET,   SIDE   2
23)  MATERIALS

O MUD   Metarule, Olract UH
         DEATH  Earth
                 CROCK  Rock » Crushed Rock
                 OSTOM  Stone
                 OGRVl  Gravel
                 OSANO  S.rx)
                 DCIAV  Cln
         O WAT*  Wiw
         a AIR    A*
23)  MATERIALS (Continued)
a MBF   Materiel* by Form (Nol Om«
O MOM  Meteriel* of Manufacture
         O MTRS  M.l.n.1 flnourera
                 Q NORN  Nonieneweble Reeourcee
                          D MNRL  Mineral Reuurcea
                                   a MTOR  Maul Ores
                                   ONMOR  NonmotelOree
                          Q CHEM  Chemical Resource*
                                   OINOR   Inorganic
                                   OOftGN  Organic
                          DGAS   G>MI
                 D RNBl  R«n«wabl« Resources
                          O FAST   Form Product*
                          O PINT   Plant Products. (Nonfood)
                          OANML  Aminal Mannal INonloodl
                          OSCRP   Scrap
                          DWAST  Wnta and Refute
         O PNTS   Paints and Lacquera
         O CTGS   Other Coaling*
         O MILL   Mill Product Forma
                  O f MET  Maul Producta
                  D FCER  Ceramic Form*
                  D FTXT   Tanila Mill Product*
                  a FAGR  Agricultural Product Form*
DFUEL  Fuel Materiel*
         O FOSL   Fossil Hydrocarbons
                  D COAL  Coal. Paat Lignita. Coka
                  D PETR   Petroleum Products
                  G NTGS  Natural Gas
                  D SNGS  Synthetic Gas
241  FUNCTIONS (Continued)

O APP   Application and Utlliiatlon o) FMehod Materials

O EMP   Evaluation ol Malarial Proper*.. (New Data
         DFWOD Wood and Charcoal
         D FPAP  Paper
         O WAST Waste and Refuse
         O NUCL  Nuclear
         D PHY   Physicel
         a CHEM  Chemical
         D MECH  Mechanical

O DNIP   Development of New or Improved MMoriala

OWAST  Waste Management
         DRECVA Recovery of Values
         O RECT  Recycling
         D DISP   Dispose!
         OECRES Ecological Restoration

OENRQ  Energy Consumption

O MULT  Multiple

DUNSP  Unepecmed

OAOOE  Additional Oeecriptore
         DPRMAT Proee*a« Material*
                 O METL  Metal* and Alloy*
                          OFERS   Ferrous llncluding Ferroalloys)
                          DNFRS   Nonlerrous
                          D CMPO  Compounds
                 Q CRMC  Ceramics (Including Carbidea. Nitrides, etc.)
                          D INCH   Industrial Ceremic*
                          D CNCR  Construction Ceramics
                          D ELCR   Electronic Ceremics
                          O RFCR   Refrectory Ceramics
                          O OMCR  Domestic & Decorative Ceramics
                          OCRMT  Cermet*
O MBP   Material* by Function or Property (N.O.S.I
         O FERT  Fertilizer*
         O SPCN  Superconductore
         OMGNT Magnetic*
         D REFR  Refractories
         D CORR  Corrosion Resistant Matariela
         O ABBA  Abrasivai
         O BIOL  Biological*
         D ENRG  Energy Material*
         D ENVC  Environmental Control Material*
         O TRBR  Trade end Barter Materials
         D LUBR  Lubricants
         D 8LST  Ballast Materials
         O PGMT  Pigments
         a CNST  Construction Materiels
         D STRL  Structural Materials
D OTHH  Other

         D 	
26)  KEYWORDS

O EMIS   Emission
         D CHAR  Characterization
         D REDN  Reduction
                 O PROC  Process Change
                 O CONT  Effluent Control
                 O SUBS  Material SuMmution
                 a FUR
                          Natural Fiber Meterials
                          O PAPR  Paper Producta
                          OWOOO Wood Producta
                          OTXTL   Textiles
                          QROPE  RopaandCord
O UNSP  UnspeoMed Meteriale

D MLTP  Muftipl* Material CJaiaas

OADDE  Additional Deeertptor
                 O SVNT  Synthesized Meteriela
                          O PLST   Plastic*
                          QCHMS  Chemicala
                          OINOR
O OTHR  Other Meteiiil*

         a	
                 OCOMP  Compoaite Material*
                          D ORCO  Organic Composite*
                          O CRCO  Ceramic Compoaite*
                          O MTCO  Metallic Compoailea
                          O OCCO  Organo-Ceramic Composite*
                          D OMCO  OrginO'Metallic Compoaite*
                          D MCCO  Melalo-Ceramic Composile*
                          DFBCO  Fiber (Filamentary) Compolil**
                 O BVPR  By-product*
                 QSCHP  Scrap
                 Q WAST  Waste and Refuaa
                          D GWST  Gasaoua Waste
                          D LWST  Liquid Waste
                          OSWST  Solid Weste
                          O WSTC  Combination Wstie.
                          OIWST   Industrial Wast*
                          D CWST  Commercial Wast*
                          OAWST  Agricullural Walt*
                          OOWST  DomanicWen*
                          OUREF   Urban Refuse
                          DNUCL  Nuclear Waste
                                                                 24)   FUNCTIONS (Stage in Material Cycle)
a EXRES Enptoration for H.
         Q GEO   Geological
         D MAR   Marine
         C SPA   Space

QPERM  Preparation tor Enrection ol Raw Meteriale
         O MOEV  Mine Development
         DII      Innoculeling. Incubating
         O PLCU  Planting. CuHivating
         O OW    Drilling, Well Conditioning

O CRM   Extraction of Raw Material*
         O MO    Mining and Quarrying
         O HAR   Harvesting
         O PUMP  Pumping

D PHM   Procaseing of Raw Material*
         O SR    Separation and Recovery (Threshing, Benefication, etc.)
         Q CONV  Convereion IRoesltng. Smelting. Crushing. Leaching, etc.)
         O RET    Refining IDillilling. Electrowinning. BOF Processing, etc.)

O MFRM Manufacturing end Fabrication ol Refined Meterlel*
         O PRI    Primary (Alloyina. Cesling. Spinning, Synthesis, etc.)
         O SEC   Secondary (Rolling. Drawing, Extruding. Weaving, ale.)
         O FIN    Finish (Straightening. Heal Treating. Poloning. Coaling, etc I
                                                                                     87

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                                    TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                             (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing]
 1. REPORT NO.

   EPA-600/2-76-303
                                                          3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
   METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL
   IMPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES:  NONFERROUS
   METALS INDUSTRIES
                                                          5. REPORT DATE
                                                           December 1976 issuing date
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)
   E.  S. Bartlett and  R.  A.  Wood
                                                           '8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
   BATTELLE
   Columbus Laboratories
   505 King Avenue
   Columbus, Ohio  43201
                                                            10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                                                            Contract  68-02-1323
                                                            Task  No.  54
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   Industrial Environmental  Research Laboratory-Cin.,  OH
   Office of Research and  Development
   US Environmental Protection  Agency
   Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
                                                            13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                             EPA/600/12
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
 16. ABSTRACT

      The objectives of  this  task were to: 1) consider  alternative methodologies  for
 information collection, analysis, and presentation; 2)  design a system for maintaining
  urrent awareness of the  environmental  implications of technology in the non-ferrous
 netals industry; and, 3)  estimate the costs required to implement the detailed plans
 developed.  Although this  task  was specific to the non-ferrous metals industries,  the
 nethodologies developed could  be applied to maintain awareness in virtually any  field.

      Existing information  centers and systems were studied  and pilot sampling operation;
 Here conducted to determine  which elements were best suited to serve the considered
 awareness task.  Investigation  and selection of the preferred elements for the task wen
  ccomplished under the  guidance of the  project officer, with input-output options  of  th<
  nformation system being  developed to match specific requirements.

      The input-output elements  recommended to serve this awareness function include
 )rimarily the reliance  upon  a  preferred list of periodicals (augmented by symposia,
 •eports, and communications  with specialists), selection and analysis of information
 deemed significant by a senior  technologist; and publication of an Awareness Bulletin
 on a timely basis.
 7.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                            jb.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS Ic. COSATI Field/Group

Technological  intelligence, awareness,     j   Continuous awareness,
 methodology, environmental surveys,  metals !  bulletin  methodology,
                                              !  environmental  impact,
                                              ;  nonferrous  metals
                                                                           13b
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT


  RELEASE TO  PUBLIC
                                              19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                                           98
                                              20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                                                UNCLASSIFIED
                                                                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                                   U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1977-757-056/5527 Region No. 5-11

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