EPA-600/2-77-063
March 1977
Environmental Protection Technology Series
EVALUATION OF CONTINUOUS MONITORS FOR
CARBON MONOXIDE IN STATIONARY SOURCES
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further development and application of
environmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
TECHNOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and
demonstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent
environmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This
work provides the new or improved technology required for the control and
treatment of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/2-77-063
March 1977
EVALUATION OF CONTINUOUS MONITORS
FOR CARBON MONOXIDE IN STATIONARY SOURCES
by
Mark Repp
Scott Environmental Technology, Inc.
Plumsteadville, Pennsylvania 18949
Contract No. 68-02-1400, Task 20
Project Officer
Roosevelt Rollins
Emissions Measurement and Characterization Division
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27711
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Science
Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorse-
ment or recommendation for use.
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ABSTRACT
The performance characteristics of five commercially available
continuous carbon monoxide monitors were evaluated in a two part program.
This consisted of a laboratory and a field phase. The laboratory phase
involved testing each instrument for response characteristics, precision,
noise, response times, drifts, variations due to temperature and pressure,
and CC^ and H_0 interferences. The field evaluation phase involved the
operation of the monitors on the outlet duct of a carbon monoxide boiler
at a petroleum refinery. Data generated in both phases of the program
was used as the basis for recommending minimum performance specifications
for continuous carbon monoxide monitors at petroleum refineries.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Contract No. 68-02-
1400, Task 20, by Scott Environmental Technology, Inc. under the sponsor-
ship of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. This report covers a
period from July 1, 1975 to March 1, 1976, and work was completed as of
October 14, 1976.
111
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CONTENTS
Abstract iii
Figures vi
Tables vii
Acknowledgements viii
1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Conclusions 3
2.1 Discussion. 3
2.2 Performance test results 4
3.0 Recommendations 11
3.1 Performance specifications 11
3.2 Performance test procedures 13
4.0 Description of Instrumentation 16
4.1 Environmental Research & Technology, Inc.
Stack Gas Analyzer - Model 4000 16
4.2 Ecolyzer (Model 3100), Energetics Science, Inc 17
4.3 Beckman Air Quality Chromatograph (Mocel 6800) 21
4.4 Beckman Model 865 Non-Dispersive Infrared Analyzer 21
4.5 Horiba Non-Dispersive Infrared Analyzer (Model A1A-2
and A1A-21AS) 23
5.0 Laboratory Performance Evaluation 27
5.1 Description of test procedures 27
5.2 Laboratory test results 32
6.0 Field Performance Evaluation 69
6.1 Site selection, description and preparation 69
6.2 Field sampling system 72
6. 3 Field visits , 79
6.4 Instrument performance and maintenance , 82
6.5 Ancillary instrumentation 95
6.6 Data logger translation 98
6.7 Field data summary 101
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FIGURES
Number Page
1 3000 Series Ecolyzer, Flow Diagram 20
2 Response Times (Rise and Fall) 30
3 ERT Model 4000 Calibration Curve 35
4 Ecolyzer Response Changes (Before and After Deterioration).. 38
5 Ecolyzer Calibration Curve 40
6 Beckman 6800 Calibration Curve 46
7 Beckman 865 Calibration Curve 52
8 Horiba A1A-2 Calibration Curve 59
9 Horiba A1A-21AS Calibration Curve 63
10 Configurations of Precipitators and Stack
At Sun Oil Company, Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania 71
11 Sampling Location and Sample Flow to Instrument Trailer 73
12 Sampling Manifold and Control Console 76
13 Sample of Daily Log Sheet 80
14 Comparison of Routine Calibrations of Ecolyzer 87
15 Beckman 865 Calibration Curve 100
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TABLES
Number
1 Program Instrumentation 2
2 Instrument Performance Summary - Laboratory 5
3 Instrument Performance Summary (Field) 6
4A Relative Accuracy - Beckman 865 Reference 7
4B Relative Accuracy - Horiba A1A-21AS Reference 8
4C Relative Accuracy - Beckman 6800 Reference 9
5 Zero & Span Drift (24 Hour) 10
6 Recommended Performance Specifications For Monitors of
Carbon Monoxide as Applicable to Petroleum Refineries 11
7 Manufacturer's Specifications ERt Stack Gas Analyzer 18
8 Capabilities and Characteristics - Ecolyzer 19
9 Specifications - Beckman Air Quality Chromatograph 22
10 Specifications - Beckman Model 865 Non-Dispersive
Infrared Analyzer 24
11 Specifications - Horiba Non-Dispersive Infrared Analyzer
Model A1A-2 25
12 Specifications - Horiba Non-Dispersive Infrared Analyzer
Model A1A-21AS 26
13 Performance Test Summary - ERT Model 4000 33
14 Noise Test Data 36
15 Performance Test Summary - Ecolyzer 39
16 Noise Test Data 42
17 Performance Test Summary - Beckman 6800 45
18 Performance Test Summary - Beckman 865 51
19 Noise Test Data 54
20 Performance Test Summary - Horiba NDIR Model A1A-2 58
21 Performance Test Summary - Horiba NDIR Model A1A-21AS 62
22 Noise Test Data 65
23 Sample Flow Interruptions 78
24 ERT Calibration and Maintenance 84
25 Ecolyzer Calibration and Maintenance 88
26 Beckman 6800 Calibration and Maintenance 91
27 Beckman 865 Calibration and Maintenance 93
28 Horiba Instruments - Calibration and Maintenance 96
vii
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Scott Environmental Technology, Inc. is grateful for the
assistance and guidance of the EPA Project Officer, Roosevelt Rollins.
viii
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
This is the final report describing the results of an evaluation
of continuous carbon monoxide monitors for stationary sources. Work was
performed by Scott Environmental Technology, Inc. for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency under task order Contract 68-02-1400, Task No. 20. The
evaluation program consisted of both laboratory and field performance
phases.
The objectives of the program were to establish the laboratory
and field performance characteristics of each of five commercially available
instruments. Based on this data, minimum performance specifications for
carbon monoxide monitors as applicable to petroleum refineries are recom-
mended. Additionally, recommendations regarding maintenance and calibra-
tion of these monitors are made based on the field performance evaluation.
Five commercially available continuous carbon monoxide monitors
were selected employing three different detection techniques. The instru-
ments included: two non-dispersive infrared analyzers, a gas chromatographic
analyzer with flame ionization detector, an in-situ cross stack analyzer
with an infrared source and an instrument employing an electrochemical
detector. The specific analyzers selected for the program are presented
in Table 1.
The laboratory evaluation phase of the program consisted of a
series of performance tests conducted on each instrument. These tests
included the response characteristics, precision, noise, response times,
drifts, variations due to temperature and flow rates, and CO- and H~0
interferences.
The field evaluation phase was performed on the outlet of two
carbon monoxide boilers at an east coast oil refinery. The instruments
were installed in a trailer parked at the site, and monitoring ran con-
tinuously from December 1, 1975 to January 23, 1976. Carbon monoxide
emission concentrations from this source averaged about 500 ppm during
the program.
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TABLE 1. PROGRAM INSTRUMENTATION
Manufacturer
Model
Serial No.
Description
Environmental Research
and Technology, Inc.
Energetics Science Inc.
Beckman
Beckman
Horiba *
Stack Gas
Analyzer
Model 4000
Ecolyzer
Model 3100
Model 6800
Model 865
A1A-2 and
A1A-21AS
31113
1000119
0100200
30642
45261301
Multi-component in-situ
cross stack analyzer using
infrared source
Continuous carbon monoxide
monitor employing electro-
chemical detector
Multi-component automated
chromatograph with flame
ionization detector
Non-dispersive infrared
analyzer
Non-dispersive infrared
analyzer
* A1A-2 was replaced by A1A-21AS during field evaluation phase.
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SECTION 2
CONCLUSIONS
2.1 DISCUSSION
This evaluation program for continuous carbon monoxide monitors
has demonstrated that currently available instrumentation is capable of
producing reliable continuous data within reasonable performance speci-
fications. Instrument reliability, however, has been shown to be a weak
point in a field monitoring situation over extended periods of time.
The Beckman Model 6800 chromatograph and the Horiba Model A1A-
21AS NDIR performed satisfactorily both overall and with respect to the
recommended specifications. Failure of the remaining instruments to meet
one or more of the recommended specifications was generally related to
maintenance problems in the field. However, the maintenance records for
the program instruments show that each category of instrumentation whether
it be chromatographic, NDIR, cross stack (in situ) or electrochemical had
malfunction or maintenance related problems during the field program. In
several cases, these malfunctions resulted in a significant amount of down-
time and resultant lost data. Considering the maintenance requirements
demonstrated by this evaluation program, a regular maintenance program or
method of insuring that the instruments are well maintained should be re-
quired and considered as important as any of the performance criteria in
!
terms of obtaining reliable continuous data.
Relative accuracy determinations presented in the following
section, were made using three instruments as references. Modified
Method 10 carbon monoxide determinations using the continuous sampling
procedure supplied the reference data. The modifications included
elimination of the silica gel and ascarite traps for the NDIR's, as
moisture was effectively removed by a refrigerated coil condenser in
the sampling system and the NDIR instruments in the program had neg-
libable C02 interference (Tables 18 and 21). Relative accuracy deter-
minations using the Beckman 6800 chromatograph as a reference instrument
were made. This was done because the Beckman chromatograph has several
advantages as a reference instrument over an NDIR including no interference,
linear output, insensitivity to sample flow and pressure variations and
-------
its overall superior performance as demonstrated in this program. In
light of these advantages, the data produced by using this instrument as
a reference in the relative accuracy determination was considered useful.
EPA presently requires daily calibration for continuous
monitoring installations and it should be emphasized that these daily
calibrations are a must for continuous carbon monoxide instrumentation.
This program has demonstrated that several of the instruments are sus-
ceptible to significant zero and span drift which should be compensated
for daily in order to optimize data quality. In addition to the data
quality aspects of daily calibrations, they also serve as an important
maintenance indicator and diagnostic tool. This daily calibration data
may show up a deteriorating component, for example, thereby avoiding or
minimizing needless system downtime.
2.2 PERFORMANCE TEST RESULTS
Summaries of the laboratory and field performance tests are
presented in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. Performance test method-
ologies are described in Section 5.1 for laboratory tests and Section
3.2 for field performance tests.
The specific field performance results for each instrument
are presented in the following tables:
Table 4 Relative Accuracy
A Beckman 865 Reference
B Horiba A1A-21AS Reference
C Beckman 6800 Reference
Table 5 Zero and Calibration Drift (24 Hour)
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TABLE 2. INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE SUMMARY - LABORATORY
Parameter
ERT
Ecolyzer
Beckman
6800
Beckman
865
Horiba
ALA-2
Horiba
A1A-21AS
Range
0-1000
0-1000
0-1000
0-1000
0-1000
0-1000
Calibration Linearity
(% Full Scale)
5.0
9.0
6.0
12.5
Precision
(% Full Scale)
0.43
0.14
0.22
0.77
0.24
Noise .
(% Full Scale) zero/sPan
3.6
0.04<
NA
O.Of
0.16
0.094
Rise/Fall Times
(Seconds)
86
5.4
83
NA
10.0
Zero Drift 24 Hr.
(% Full Scale)
0.2
0.4
1.2
0,18
Zero Drift 12 Hr. Continuous
(% Full Scale)
0.6
0.44
0.49
Span Drift 8 Hr./24 Hr.
(% Full Scale)
0.7
0.4
0.98
Interference Equivalent (ppm)
15% f- >
20
3.4
H20
3.4
0.5
* F r Tested
NA - '.'oL Applicable
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TABLE 3. INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE SUMMARY (FIELD)
Parameter
Relative Accuracy
(Beckman 865 Reference)
Relative Accuracy
(Horiba A1A-21AS Reference)
Relative Accuracy
(Beckman 6800 Reference)
Response Time
(Minutes)
Zero Drift, 24 Hours
(% Full Scale)
Zero Drift, 2 Hours1
(% Full Scale)
Span Drift, 24 Hours1
(% Full Scale)
Operational Period
(Hours)
ERT
3.2
29.8
11.4
<1
*
*
*
<168
Ecolyzer
7.4
6.1
4.6
<2
3.9
0.7
8.5
<168
Beckman
6800
6.2
5.1
X
<6
0
0
0.8
>168
Beckman
865
X
2.5
6.5
<1
2.6
0.3
£
4.5
<168
Horiba
A1A-21AS
2.5
X
5.0
<1
0.6
0.34
1.1
>168
* Insufficient Data
1. Expressed as sum of absolute mean value plus 95% confidence interval of a series of tests.
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TABLE 4A. RELATIVE ACCURACY - BECKMAN 865 REFERENCE
Date
12/13
Time
(Ending
15 Minute
Interval)
2430
0130
0230
0330
0430
0530
0630
0730
0830
Reference
Beckman 865
15 Minute
Average PPM
632.0
636.6
637.7
652.0
668.5
658.0
633.5
626.3
619.0
ERT
15 Minute
Average PPM
634.0
643.0
629.0
671.0
671.0
661.0
622.0
597.0
592.0
Mean Reference Value - 640.5 PPM
Mean Difference = 12
95% Confidence Interval = 8.1
Relative Accuracy = 3.2%
Date
12/13
Time
(Ending
15 Minute
Interval)
0630
0730
0830
0930
1030
1130
1230
1330
1430
Reference
Beckman 865
15 Minute
Average PPM
633.5
626.3
619.0
598.4
590.1
571.6
519.0
642.8
644.8
Ecolyzer
15 Minute
Average PPM
622.0
605.0
590.0
567.0
567.0
500.0
470.0
627.0
622.0
Mean Reference Value = 605.1
Mean Difference =30.6
95% Confidence Interval =14.4
Relative Accuracy = 7.4%
Date
12/13
Time
(Ending
15 Minute
Interval)
0630
0730
0830
0930
1030
1130
1230
1330
1430
Reference
Beckman 865
15 Minute
Average PPM
633.5
626.3
619.0
598.4
590.1
571.6
519.0
642.8
644.8
Beckman
6800
15 Minute
Average PPM
630.1
585.5
578.4
579.4
553.8
527.8
504.2
629.8
618.3
Mean Reference Value = 605.1
Mean Difference = 26.5
95% Confidence Interval = 11.2
Relative Accuracy =6.2%
Date
12/21
Time
(Ending
15 Minute-
Interval)
1430
1530
1630
1730
1830
1930
2030
2130
2230
Reference
Beckman 865
' 15 Minute
Average PPM
320.0
310.0
316.0
372.0
369.0
400.0
340.0
323.0
308.0
Horiba
A1A-21AS
15 Minute
Average PPM
320.0
302.0
315.0
380.0
372.0
402.0
340.0
335.0
318.0
Mean Reference Value = 339.8
Mean Difference = 4.9
95% Confidence Interval =3.6
Relative Accuracy = 2.5%
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TABLE 4B. .RELATIVE ACCURACY - HORIBA A1A-21AS REFERENCE
oo
Date
12/24
Time
(Ending
15 Minute
Interval)
1930
2030
2130
. 2230
2330
2430
0130
0230
0330
Ref.-Horiba
A1A-21AS
15 Minute
Average PPM
285.0
311.0
311.0
285.0
297.0
285.0
296.0
291.0
291.0
ERT
15 Minute
Average PPM
402.4
342.2
337.6
321.9
296.0
328.4
286.8
360.8
425.5
Mean Reference Value = 294.7
Mean Difference =52.2
95% Confidence Interval = 35.6
Relative Accuracy = 29.8%
Date
12/24
Time
(Ending
15 Minute
Interval)
2230
2330
2430
0130
0230
0330
0430
0530
0630
Ref.-Horiba
A1A-21AS
15 Minute
Average PPM
285
297
285
296
291
291
297
299
297
Ecolyzer
15 Minute
Average PPM
310
310
300
305
297
300
292
310
310
Mean Reference Value = 293.1
Mean Difference = 11.8
95% Confidence Interval =6.1
Relative Accuracy =6.1%
Date
12/21
.
Time
(Ending
15 Minute
Interval)
1430
1530
1630
1730
1830
1930
2030
2130
2230
Ref.-Horiba
A1A-21AS
15 Minute
Average PPM
320
302
315
380
372
402
340
335
318
Beckman
6800
15 Minute
Average PPM
336.2
299.8
311.8
360.3
397.3
415.6
335.5
346.7
315.8
Mean Reference Value = 342.7
Mean Difference =11.0
95% Confidence Interval =6.5
Relative Accuracy = 5.1%
""
Date
12/21
Time
(Ending
15 Minute
Interval)
1430
1530
1630
1730
1830
1930
2030
2130
2230
Ref.-Horiba
A1A-21AS
15 Minute
Average PPM
320.0
302.0
315.0
380.0
372.0
402.0
340.0
335.0
318.0
Beckman
865
15 Minute
Average PPM
320.0
310.0
316.0
372.0
369.0
400.0
340.0
323.0
308.0
Mean Reference Value = 342.7
Mean Difference = 4.9
95% Confidence Interval - 3.6
Relative Accuracy = .2.5%
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TABLE 4C. RELATIVE.ACCURACY - BECKMAN 6300 REFERENCE
Date
12/8
Time
(Ending
15 Minute
Interval)
0230
0330
0430
0530
0630
0730
0830
0930
1030
Reference
Beckman 6800
15 Minute
Average PPM
294.1
288.9
325.1
298.7
257.5
259.8
255.2
264.4
228.8
ERT
15 Minute
Average PPM
263.6
268.3
277.5
268.3
240.5
259.0
245.1
259.0
240.5
Mean Reference Value = 268.0
Mean Difference =19.3
95% Confidence Interval - 11.5
Relative Accuracy = 11.4%
Date
12/6
Time
(Ending
15 Minute
Interval)
0130
0230
0330
0430
0530
0630
0730
0830
0930
Reference
Beckman 6800
15 Minute
Average PPM
433.0
418.3
395.9
402.6
407.0
396.0
458.7
470.1
451.4
Ecolyzer
15 Minute
Average PPM
415.4
409.3
409.3
421.5
427.6
409.3
458.2
470.4
476.5
Mean Reference Value = 425.9
Mean Difference =13.2
95% Confidence Interval^ 6-6
Relative Accuracy = 4.6%
Date
12/13
Time
(Ending
15 Minute
Interval)
0630
0730
0830
0930
1030
1130
1230
1330
1430
Reference
Beckman 6800
15 Minute
Average PPM
630.1
585.5
578.4
579.4
553.8
527.8
504.2
629.8
618.3
Beckman
865
15 Minute
Average PPM
633.5
626.3
619.0
598.4
590.1
571.6
519.0
642.8
644.8
Mean Reference Value = 578.6
Mean Difference =26.5
95% Confidence Interval =11.2
Relative Accuracy = 6.5%
Date
12/21
Time
(Ending
15 Minute
Interval)
1430
1530
1630
1730
1830
1930
2030
2130
2230
Reference
Beckman 6800
15 Minute
Average PPM
336.2
299.8
311.8
360.3
397.3
415.6
335.5
346.7
315.8
Horiba
A1A-21AS
15 Minute
Average PPM
320.0
302.0
315.0
380.0
372.0
402.0
340.0
335.0
318.0
Mean Reference Value = 346.6
Mean Difference =11.0
95% Confidence Interval =6.5
Relative Accuracy =5.0%
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TABLE 5. ZERO & SPAN DRIFT (24 HOUR)
Ecolyzer
Date
12/18
12/19
12/20
12/21
12/22
12/23
12/24
E
Mean
95%
AZ PPM
0
0
19.4
-66.9
17.1
11.9
9.0
124.3
17.8
AS PPM
-30.0
52.4
9.7
-28.7
128.3
67.5
-16.3
332.9
47.5
Confidence
Interval
Drift (%
of Span)
21.2
3.9
37.8
8.5
Beckman
Date AZ PPM
12/2
12/3
12/4
12/5 |
12/6 N
12/7 o
12/8 |
E
Mean
95%
Confidence
Interval
Drift (%
of Span)
6800
AS PPM
3.0
3.0
4.0
-9.9
0
9.9
2.0
31.8
4.5
3.6
0.8
Date
1/11
1/12
1/13
1/14
1/15
1/16
.1/17
E
Mean
95%
Beckman 865
AZ PPM
-35.0
-3.0
-12.3
+26.7
+9.3
-13.4
-10.0
109.7
15.7
AS PPM
-65.0
-10.1
-17.4
-26.7
+27.8
-13.4
-36.4
196.8
28.1
Confidence
Interval
Drift (%
of Span)
10.3
2.fi
17.2
4.5
Horiba A1A-21AS
Date AZ PPM
1/11 -8.3
1/12 -3.3
1/13 -5.1
1/14 0
1/15 -1.7
1/16 -5.2
1/17 +1.8
I 25.4
Mean 3.6
95%
Confidence
Interval 2 . 6
Drift (%
of Span 0.6
AS PPM
-9.2
-13.4
+5.0
-4.2
-6.8
-10.4
+3.5
52.5
7.5
3.4
1.1
10
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SECTION 3
RECOMMENDATIONS
3.1 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION
Recommended performance specifications for continuous carbon
monoxide monitoring systems are presented in Table 3-1 below. These
specifications are based on the overall performance demonstrated by the
continuous monitors in this program, the results of the specific field
performance tests, and a knowledge of the data quality requirements for
continuous carbon monoxide monitoring.
TABLE 6. RECOMMENDED PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONTINUOUS
MONITORS OF CARBON MONOXIDE AS APPLICABLE TO PETROLEUM REFINERIES
Parameters
Specifications
Range
2
Calibration Linearity
Relative Accuracy
Precision
Response Time (System)
Output Noise
Zero Drift, 2 Hours1
Zero Drift, 24 Hours1
Span Drift, 24 Hours1
Interference Equiv. 15% C02/10% H20
Operational Period
0-1000 ppm
<2% Span
<10% Mean Ref. Value
<1% Span
<10 Minutes
<1% Span
<1% Span
<2% Span
<2.5% Span
<10 ppm for 15% C02
<5 ppm for 10% H20
168 hours
1. Expressed as summ of absolute mean value plus 95% confidence interval
in a series of tests.
2. Based upon Engineering Judgement
11
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The performance parameters r-pecified in Table 6 are defined
as follows:
Range - The minimum and maximum measurement levels.
Calibration Linearity - The maximum deviation of the instruments calibration
curve from a straight line drawn between the zero and full scale
instrument responses. This value is expressed as a percentage
of full scale.
Relative Accuracy - The degree of correctness with which the continuous
monitoring system yields the value of gas concentration of a
sample relative to the value given by a defined reference
method.
Precision - Variation about the mean of repeated measurements of the same
pollutant concentration, expressed as one standard deviation about
the mean.
System Response Time - The time interval from a step change in pollutant
concentration at the input to the monitoring system to the time
«
at which 95% of the corresponding value is reached as displayed
on the system data recorder.
Output Noise - Spontaneous, short duration deviations in the analyzer out-
put, about the mean output, which are not caused by input concen-
tration changes. Noise is determined as the standard deviation
about the mean expressed as a percentage of full scale.
Zero Drift - The change in the continuous monitoring system output over a
stated period of time of normal continuous operation when the
pollutant concentration at the time of the measurement is zero.
Span Drift - The change in the continuous monitoring system output over a
stated period of normal continuous operation when the pollutant
concentration at the time of measurement is the same known up-
scale value.
Interference Equivalent - Positive or negative response caused by a sub-
stance other than the one being measured.
Operational Period - A minimum period of time over which a measurement
system is expected to operate within certain performance speci-
fications without unscheduled maintenance.
< 12
-------
3.2 PERFORMANCE TEST PROCEDURES
The field performance test procedures, which were based on those
presented for monitors of S09 and NO from stationary sources (Federal
<£ X
Register, Volume 40, Number 194 - Monday, October 6, 1975), are presented
below.
Procedures for precision, output noise, and interference equiva-
lent are presented in Section 5.1 of this report.
The field performance test data for the five carbon monoxide
instruments were selected from periods of representative performance.
Periods during which an instrument was known to be malfunctioning were
avoided.
Relative Accuracy
For continuous monitoring systems employing extractive sampling
the sample for the modified method 10 instrument (NDIR), whenever possible,
shall use the same sample delivery system as the continuous monitor being
evaluated. In the case of a non-extractive system, or where the sampling
system for the continuous monitor cannot be used, the probe for the
reference method analyzers and the probe for the continuous monitor should
be at adjacent locations in the duct. In the case of an in-situ cross-stack
monitor the reference method probe should be centrally located in the
duct as close to the measurement path of the continuous monitor* as possible.
Determine the average reference method response during one 15
minute segment each hour for 9 hours. For each of these 9 reference test
points, determine the average pollutant concentration reported by the con-
tinuous monitor being evaluated. These averages shall be concurrent with
the reference method time intervals. For each of these 9 test intervals,
determine the difference for each pair by subtracting the reference method
concentration (15 minute average) from monitoring system concentration (15
minute average). Using these data, compute the mean difference and the 95%
confidence interval of the differences using equations 1 and 2 shown below.
Relative accuracy is reported as the sum of the absolute value of the mean
difference and the 95% confidence interval of the differences expressed
as a percentage of the mean reference method value.
13
-------
Equations
1. The mean difference of a data set is calculated as follows:
- 1 n
X = - Y Xi
n ±: i
where:
Xi = Absolute value of the measurements
Z = Sum of all individual values
X = Mean value , and
n = Number of data points
2. The 95% confidence interval (two-sided) is calculated as follows:
n (E x±2) - (I x±)2
n n-
where:
I x i = Sum of all data points
t.975 = ti ~ x/2» and
C.I.Q(- = 95% confidence interval estimate of the average
mean value
Values For t
n t.975
2 12.706
3 4.303
4 3.182
5 2.776
5 2.571
7 2.447
8 2.365
9 2.306
10 2.262
11 2.228
12 2.201
13 2.179
14 2.160
14
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Response Time
Introduce zero gas into the continuous monitoring system sampling
interface or as close to the sampling interface as possible. When the
system output reading has stabilized, switch quickly to a known concentration
of pollutant gas. Record the time from concentration switching to 95
percent of final stable response. For non-extractive monitors, the high-
est available calibration gas concentration shall be switched into and out
of the sample path and response times recorded. Perform this test sequence
three (3) times. Report the mean of the three upscale test times and the
mean of the three downscale test times. The two average times should not
differ by more than 15 percent of the slower time. Report the slower time
as the system response time.
Zero Drift (2 Hour)
Record the values given by the introduction of zero gas at two
hour intervals until 15 data points are obtained. For non-extractive
systems, the zero value may be determined by mechanically producing a
zero condition that provides a system check on analyzer internal mirrors,
electronic circuitry, radiation source and detector assembly. The two
hour periods over which the measurements are taken need not be consecu-
tive but may not overlap.
Using this data, calculate the differences between consecutive
two hour readings expressed in ppm. Calculate the mean difference and
the 95% confidence interval using equations 1 and 2 on page 14. The
two hour zero drift is reported as the sum of the absolute mean value
and the 95% confidence interval expressed as a percentage of span.
Zero Drift (24 Hour)
Record the zero concentration values every 24 hours during a
168 hour operational field test period. Using the zero values obtained
calculate the difference between the zero point after adjustment (if any)
and the zero value 24 hours later prior to any adjustment. Calculate the
mean value of these points and the 95% confidence interval using equations
1 and 2 on the previous page. Report the zero drift (sum of the absolute
mean value and the confidence interval) as a percentage of span.
15
-------
Calibration Drift (24 Hour)
Record the calibration values measured every 24 hours during a
168 hour operational test period. Using the calibration values obtained
calculate the difference between the calibration value after zero and
calibration adjustments and the value obtained 24 hours later, after
zero but before calibration adjustment. Calculate the mean values of
these points and the 95% confidence interval using equations 1 and 2
on the previous page. Report the calibration drift (sum of the absolute
mean value and the confidence interval) as a percentage of span.
Operational Test Period
During the 168 hour operational test period, the continuous
monitoring system shall not require any corrective maintenance, repair,
- replacement or adjustment other than that specified, as required by the
manufacturer and expected in a one-week period. If the monitoring system
performs as above and remains within performance specifications, the test
is considered successful.
16
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SECTION 4
DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTATION
4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY, INC. STACK GAS ANALYZER -
MODEL 4000
The Environmental Research and Technology Stack Gas Analyzer
Model 4000 is a multi-component in-situ continuous monitor that measures
concentrations of component gases based on absorption of infrared energy.
For this application, the instrument measured carbon monoxide, although
it has the capability for simultaneous measurement of NO, S0_, CO and C09-
The instrument consists of an infrared source and a detector
which are mounted on opposite walls of a stack or duct. The concentration
of the component gas is based on the attenuation of infrared energy by
the gas as the IR beam travels across the duct.
The intensity of this IR beam is attenuated, however, by factors
other than CO in its travel across the duct. Variations in particulate
concentration, for example, introduce source intensity fluctuations at
the detector. These intensity fluctuations, which are independent of
CO concentrations, must not be detected as CO. The design of the ERT
instrument continuously compensates for these intensity fluctuations
by using a gas correlation technique that makes measurement relatively
independent of source intensity. This is accomplished through a two
phase analysis cycle that alternates between measurement of the source
and an internal reference source. Variations in stack temperature
affecting concentration measurements are continuously compensated for
by a temperature sensor and the instrument's electronics.
-------
Routine calibration of the instrument is controlled by a switch
located at the instrument's recorder which directs a calibration IR beam
through a reference cell containing CO in the detector. This should
produce a pre-established response on the instrument's recorder.
The continuous recorder containing the switches for calibration
is remotely located and connected to the detector on the stack or duct
by an umbilical cable.
The manufacturer's specifications for the ERT instrument are
presented in Table 7.
4.2 ECOLYZER (MODEL 3100), ENERGETICS SCIENCE, INC.
The Ecolyzer senses levels of carbon monoxide by means of an
electrochemical detector which produces an electrical current propor-
tional to the concentration of CO in the input sample. This current is
produced within the detector by the electro-oxidation of carbon monoxide
causing a current flow between two electrodes. The current causes a
deflection on a milliammeter indicating the concentration of carbon
monoxide relative to calibration. An output is also provided for a con-
tinuous recorder. The manufacturers specifications for the Ecolyzer are
reproduced in Table._8._ _
Figure 1 is a flow diagram showing the major components in
the instrument. The internal sample pump with associated valve and flow
meter maintains constant flow through the instrument which is necessary
for accurate response. When using an external sample pump, a bypass
must be provided to prevent pressure and flow variation at the instrument.
The following sample conditioning steps were recommended by the
manufacturer for the field application at the Sun Oil site:
Cool the emission gas sample to ambient temperature if
possible, but at least down to 100°F.
Reduce the sample gas pressure to ambient pressure if
possible, but at least down to 2 inches of water above
ambient.
18
-------
TABLE 7. MANUFACTURER'S SPECIFICATIONS
ERT STACK GAS ANALYZER
Range of Operating Conditions
Stack Gas Temperature 20°F - 600°F
Source Attenuation (due to combination
of stack opacity and window transmission) 0 - 80%
Ambient Temperature Range -20°F - +105°F
Humidity 0 - 100% relative
Power Requirements Sensor - 500 Watts at 110
Volts ± 20%, 60 Hz
Source - 2000 Watts at 220
Volts ± 20%, 60 Hz
Vibration No special vibration
isolation required.
All Weather Enclosure Provided
Data Interface Analog Output - 0 to 10 VDC
Status Lights - Power ON
Window DIRTY
Remote Control - Span Calibration
Gas Concentration Ranges
CO - 500 ppm minimum full scale, or greater as required
Accuracy of Initial Calibration
CO ± 25 ppm or ± 5% of indicated value, whichever is greater
Maximum Drift (24 hour)
CO - Zero ± 25 ppm Span ± 25 ppm
Weight and Size
Sensor 23-1/2" x 27-l/2"*x 13-5/8" 112 Ibs
Source 15" x 15" x 18" 66 Ibs
*31-l/2" with handles and flange
Windows and Source Purge
Where required, for example for positive pressure applications,
windows and source purge systems can be provided.
19
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TABLE 8. CAPABILITIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
ECOLYZER
Item
Power Requirements
AC
Battery
Minimum Detectable Sensitivity
Readout
Range
Sensor
Sensor Life
Circuitry
Operating Temperature Range
Temperature Compensation
Calibration
Rise Time
Fall Time
Zero Drift
Span Drift
Accuracy
Noise
Linearity
Relative Humidity Range
Characteristics
95-130 volts, 50/60 Hz
One (1) Mercury cell 1.35V
Four (4) C size nickel/cadmium 1.25V each
0.5 ppm (0-50 ppm scale)
Meter (100 divisions full scale)
0-50, 0-100, 0-500 ppm; (0-1000, 0-2000 ppm
and dual range option)
Electrochemical
One (1) year in use
Solid State
Internal temperature controlled (optional)
for 0 to 125 F ambient compensation
Built-in thermistor compensation
As required
Approximately 90 seconds
Approximately 90 seconds
Less that ± 0.5% per day
Less than ± 1.0% per day
±1.0% (full scale)
±0.2% (full scale)
± 1.0% (full scale)
5 to
20
-------
^
H
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o
o
o
en
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H
H-
n>
en
tn
n
o
N
(D
i-f
O
SI
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l-t
INTAKE
ELECTRO
CHEMICAL
SENSOR
TO
RECORDER
-------
Remove water condensate in a trap. Ideally, the sample
entering the Ecolyzer should have a relative humidity of
about 80%.
Insure that there is a particulate filter in the gas
sample line.
Insure that the Ecolyzer humidity adjustment system is
used according to instructions.
4.3 BECKMAN AIR QUALITY CHROMATOGRAPH (MODEL 6800)
The Beckman Chromatograph is a multi-component continuous
monitor employing column separation of gaseous components and detection
by flame ionization detector (FID). The instrument is totally automated
and can be programmed to accommodate a wide variety of applications.
Internal automatic functions are performed by solenoid actuated slider
valves controlled by a solid state timer.
The basic three component unit used in this program was capable
of measuring total hydrocarbons, methane and carbon monoxide. After
column separation, a catalytic methanator is used to convert carbon
monoxide to methane permitting detection by the flame ionization detector.
The Model 6800 is designed as an ambient monitor with a maximum sensitivity
of 0-300 ppm, and it was necessary to decrease the size of the sample loop
to prevent saturation of the detector in the 0-1000 ppm CO range required
for stack gas analysis. The instrument was programmed to perform one
analysis every five minutes (12 analysis cycles each hour). The manufac-
turer *s specifications are reproduced in Table 9.
4.4 BECKMAN MODEL 865 NON-DISPERSIVE INFRARED ANALYZER
The Model 865 infrared analyzer continuously measures levels of
various infrared absorbing gases based on the differential absorption of
infrared energy between a flowing sample cell and a sealed referenced cell.
The concentration of the component gas is then proportional to the
absorption of infrared energy by that gas in the sample cell relative to
22
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TABLE 9. SPECIFICATIONS
BECKMAN AIR QUALITY CHROMATOGRAPH
Measurements - Standard three-component analysis determines carbon monoxide,
methane, and total hydrocarbons. Optional five-component analysis
includes determinations of etyhlene and acetylene.
Operation - Automatic, unattended, repetitive analysis of selectable rate
of 4, 6, or 12 analyses per hour for three-component system; 4 or 6
analyses per hour for five-component system. Automatic readjustment
of electronic zero during each analysis cycle. Automatic daily analysis
of calibration standard gas available as an option for three-component
system only.
Ranges - Individually selectable, automatically actuated, ranges for each
component. Maximum sensitivity, 1 ppm to 300 ppm full scale.
Sample - Ambient air. Integral pump provides sample flow rate of 5 liters
per minute at standard temperature and pressure.
Precision - ± 0.5% of full scale or 0.05 ppm, whichever is greater.
Linearity - 1% of full scale.
Zero Drift - Automatic zero adjustment during each analysis cycle compensates
for zero drift.
Interference From Other Gases - None
Automatic Timing - Precision digital timing provides one-second resolution
for all time-related analysis functions.
Output Signals
1. Individual 0 to 5 volts d.c. outputs for each pollutant for trend
recording, computer, telemetry, or other data-acquisition equipment.
Output impedance = 0.
2. Zero to 100 millivolts d.c. output for chromatogram and/or bar-graph
readout on potentiometric recorder. This output available at both
a rear-panel connector for a permanent recorder, and at a front-
panel jack for temporary connection of a test recorder.
Ambient Temperature - 35°F to 120°F, 95% relative himidity.
Gases Required - Hydrogen, 70 cc/min at 30 to 150 psig; air, 350 cc/min at
30 to 150 psig.
Dimensions - 17 inches wide x 40 inches high x 20 inches deep.
Shipping Weight - 250 pounds.
Power - 107 to 127 volts a.c., 50/60 Hz, 500 watts.
23
-------
the reference cell. The instrument's detector has two compartments
separated by a diaphram. Each compartment is filled with the component
gas to be sampled. The infrared energy passing through the cells excites
the molecules in each detector compartment. The difference in excitation
between the sample and reference side of the detector causes distention
in the diaphram between the detector compartments. This distention causes
a capacitance change, which is equivalent to the component concentration in
the sample cell, and is amplified for output. The practical range of the
instrument is a function of sample cell length. The Beckman 865 used
in the program employed a 13-1/2 inch cell accommodating the 0-1000 ppm CO
range. The manufacturer's specifications are reproduced in Table 10.
4.5 HORIBA NON-DISPERSIVE INFRARED ANALYZER (MODEL A1A-2 AND A1A-21AS)
The original Horiba NDIR (Model A1A-2) selected for this program
was replaced during the field program by a newer model A1A-21AS. Both
Horiba instruments are infrared analyzers that measure levels of infrared
absorbing gases based on the differential absorption of infrared energy
between the flowing sample cell and a sealed reference cell. The concen-
tration of the specific input gas is then proportional to the attenuation
of infrared energy by the gas in the sample cell. The basic operating
principle is the same as described for the Beckman Model 865 NDIR.
Both Horiba instruments used a 500 mm cell that measured carbon
monoxide on the 0-1000 ppm range. The Horiba Model A1A-21AS incorporated
optical filters and a new detector designed to reduce interference from
water and C0». The manufacturer's specifications for the A1A-2 and A1A-21AS
are reproduced in Tables 11 and 12.
24
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TABLE 10. SPECIFICATIONS
BECKMAN MODEL 865 NON-DISPERSIVE INFRARED ANALYZER
Accuracy - 1% of full scale.
Span Drift* - ± 1% of full scale in 24 hours.
Zero Drift* - ± 1% of full scale in 24 hours.
Ambient Temperature Range - 30°F to 120°F (-1°C to 49°C)
Line Voltage - 115 ± 15 volts rms.
Line Frequency - 50/60 ± 0.5 Hz
Power Consumption - 400 watts.
Electronic Response Time (0 to 90% of full scale)
Switch selection of fast or slow response.
FAST switch position provides 0.5-second response (optional
1-second response obtainable by clipping jumpers).
SLOW switch position provides 2.5-second response.
Output
Standard (Potentiometric)
0 to 10, 0 to 100 millivolts, o to 1, 0 to 5 volts d.c.
(field selectable).
Optional (Current)
4 to 20 and 10 to 50 milliamperes, d.c. (field selectable)
or, Linearized (Potentiometric)
0 to 10, 0 to 100 millivolts, 0 to 1, 0 to 5 volts d.c.
(field selectable)
*Performance specifications based on ambient temperature shifts of less than
20 Fahrenheit degrees (11 Centrigrade degrees) at a maximum rate of 20
Fahrenheit degrees (11 Centrigrade degrees) per hour.
25
-------
TABLE 11. SPECIFICATIONS
HORIBA NON-DISPERSIVE INFRARED ANALYZER MODEL A1A-2
Measuring Method - Infrared analyzer, non-dispersive method, positive
filter, double light sources, deflection type.
Accuracy - ± 1%
Drift - ± 1% full scale for 8 hours
Speed of Response - 90% electronic response in 0.5 seconds.
Sensitivity - 0.5% of full scale
Typical Measuring Ranges -
CO (carbon monoxide)
0-1%, 0-3%, 0-5%, 0-10%, 0-12%
0-3000 ppm, 0-250 ppm
All measurement ranges for any one component can be incorporated
within a multiple range analyzer but means of an electrical dual
or triple range selector or a stacked cell configuration. Flowing
reference and filter cells also available.
Output
0-10 mv and 0-100 mv D.C. for recorder and
0-1 V and 0-5 V input to Data Acquisition System.
Ambient Temperature Range - 32°F to 105°F
Power Requirement - 115 V A.C. (60 Hz) or 230 V A.C. (50 Hz) 250 VA
Weight - Analyzer Section: approx. 40 Ibs. (18 Kg)
Amplifier Section: approx. 28 Ibs. (12.6 Kg)
26
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TABLE 12. SPECIFICATIONS
HORIBA NON-DISPERSIVE INFRARED ANALYZER MODEL A1A-21AS
Measuring Method - NDIR, positive filter, dual source reflection type.
Repeatability - ± 1% of full scale
Sensitivity - 0.5 of full scale
Speed of Response - 90% electronic response in 0.5* seconds.
* A slower response (up to 2 seconds) is required in some applications)
Drift - Zero Drift: 1% of full scale in 8 hours
Span Drift: 1% of full scale in 8 hours
Outputs - 0-1 ma for remote meter readout
0-10 and 0-100 millivolts for pot. recorder
0-1 and 0-5 volts for data acquisition system
(Range identification outputs are also available on multi-range
application.)
Ambient Temperature Range - 0 to 40°C (32 to 105°F)
Sample Temperature Range - 0 to 40°C (32 to 105°F)
Recommended Sample Flow - 1 to 10 liters per minute (2.1 to 21 CFH)
Sample Cell Temperature - 55°C (131°F) regulated
Power Requirement - 115 VAC at 60 Hz
Weight/Unit (approx.) - Analyzer Section (Typical): Version 1 7.7 Kgs. (17 Ibs)
Electronics Module Section (Typical):
3-pack 10.3 Kgs (23 Ibs)
Sample Connections - 1/8" N.P.T. (inlet and outlet)
27
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SECTION 5
LABORATORY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
5.1 DESCRIPTION OF TEST PROCEDURES
The laboratory evaluation consisted of a series of performance
tests on each instrument. The parameters tested included:
- response characteristics (calibration)
- precision
- noise
- response times (rise and fall)
- H20 and C02 interference
- flow and temperature variation
- zero and span drift
Federal Register Volume 40, Number 33, February 18, 1975, Subpart B,
"Procedures for Testing Performance Characteristics of Automated Methods",
was used as the basis for the laboratory evaluation tests.
Gas standards used for calibrations and all performance tests
were Scott close tolerance cylinder mixtures of carbon monoxide in nitrogen.
The mixtures were analyzed against NlBS standard reference mixtures containing
100, 500 and 1000 ppm CO. Zero gas used was Scott 99.98% pure nitrogen.
Gas for the C02 interference tests was a Scott blend of 15% C02 in nitrogen.
5.1.1 Response Characteristics (Calibration)
Calibration procedures consisted of introducing several CO calibration
gases and nitrogen zero gas into each instrument being tested. Calibration
curves were constructed by plotting the instrument responses on the ordinate
against the CO concentrations on the abscissa
5.1.2 Precision (Repeatability)
Precision is the standard deviation about the mean of repeated
28
-------
measurement of the same gas concentration. This value is expressed in
.concentration units. During the test, measurement of the selected gas is
interrupted alternately by the introduction of a higher and a lower gas
concentration. Six stable readings of the selected gas are obtained after
each injection of the higher or lower standard. These values are then
entered into the following equation for precision.
P - / f I Z Pi2 - 1 ( E Pi)2
Where: P = Precision
']
Pi = Instrument Response (ppm) for the i measurement
5.1.3 Output Noise
Instrument noise is short-term variations in instrument output
not caused by changes in input concentration. This value is expressed in
concentration units as the standard deviation about the mean. The
recommended procedure is to test for noise using zero and 80% of full
scale gas standards.
The test procedure calls for allowing the instrument to
stabilize on the gas standard and then take 25 readings within a 60
minute period using a digital voltmeter. These voltages are converted
to concentration units and entered into the equation for noise.
s =
V
i
"25
r=l
(ri)2 -
J_
25
( E
r=l
2
ri)
Where: S = Instrument Noise (ppm)
ri = Instrument Response for the i reading (ppm)
29
-------
5.1.4 Response Times (Rise and Fall)
Rise Time; Rise time is the time interval between initial
instrument response and 95% of the final response after a
step increase in input gas concentration. The test procedure
involves changing the input from zero gas to a high range
span gas. Rise time was calculated from the recorder chart
which was run at high speed for this test.
Fall Time: Fall time is the time difference between initial
response and 95% of final response after a step decrease in
input gas concentration. During this test, the input was
changed from a high range span gas to nitrogen zero gas .
Times were also measured on the recorder chart.
Figure 2 illustrates the procedure used for measurement of
response times .
5.1.5 C02 and H2t> Interference
C02! C0» interference was determined using a Scott blend of
15% CO, in nitrogen. The procedure used was to first allow
the instrument to stabilize on nitrogen zero gas. The response
to the introduction of the 15% C02 is then expressed in parts
per million as an equivalent CO concentration.
H20: H20 interference was determined by the addition of 10%
water vapor while the instrument was sampling nitrogen zero
gas. The response to the added water vapor is expressed in
parts per million as an equivalent CO concentration. Water
vapor was added by passing nitrogen through a flask containing
distilled water. The flask was heated sufficiently to intro-
duce 10% water vapor into the flowing sample. This water vapor
generator was calibrated using EPA Method 4.
30
-------
rh
FIGURE 2 RESPONSE TIMES (RISE AND FALL)
31
-------
5.1.6 Variations Due To Changes In Temperature And Flow Rate
Variations in instrument output caused by short term changes
in ambient temperature were measured using nitrogen zero, 163 and 897 ppm
CO span gases. The test procedure involved recording stable responses
to the three gases at a given temperature then changing the temperature and
again recording the stabilized responses. These tests were performed in
February and the temperature was varied by regulating heat and opening two
large garage doors.
, The effects of variation in input flow rate were tested using the
807 ppm CO standard. During the test, the input flow rate was varied from
0-5 liters/minute and responses were monitored with a digital voltmeter.
Flows were monitored with a calibrated rotameter.
5.1.7 Zero and Span Drift
12 Hour Continuous Zero Drift; This test involved sampling
zero air for 12 consecutive hours. The recorder chart was then
examined for the minimum and maximum responses. The maximum
minus the minimum response equals the zero drift expressed
as parts per million CO.
8 and 24 Hour Zero Drift; For this test the responses to
the input of nitrogen zero gas were recorded and entered into
the equation ZD = Z - Z _. for the nfc test period. This
is expressed in parts per million.
Span Drifts; Span drifts were calculated by recording the
instrument response at the beginning and end of the time
interval being tested. The chart responses are entered into
the equation:
Span Drift = n n~l
The results are presented as a percent of full scale and as
equivalent parts per million.
32
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5.2 LABORATORY TEST RESULTS
5.2.1 Environmental Research & Technology. Inc. Stack Gas Analyzer-
Model 4000
Calibration and performance testing of the ERT monitor was con-
ducted at the ERT Laboratories in Concord, Massachusetts on September 15
and October 15, 1975. The second calibration was necessary because the
instrument used in the first tests was not the one furnished for this
project and the gases used were not comparable to those used on the other
instruments. A summary of these test results is shown in Table 13.
Calibration
Calibration of the ERT instrument involves mounting the instru-
ment on a 16 foot test cell that can be evacuated and heated. The equiva-
lent stack concentration is proportional to the ratio of the test cell
length to the stack path length.
In the first test series, each calibration point was prepared
by adding gas from a cylinder of 2200 ppm CO to a pre-calculated pressure
into the evacuated cell. Nitrogen was then added to bring the cell to
atmospheric pressure. The concentration of the test cell is a function of
the partial pressure at which the calibration gas is introduced.
The following data were recorded:
Equivalent Stack Interference Millivolt Cell Tempera-
CO Concentration Gas Output ture (°F)
1100.5 None 77.5 260
680.8 None 42.0 315
282.2 None 20.5 345
0.0 None 1.0 345
0.0 48.22% C02 5.0 345
20% H20
The second calibration series was made at ERT after the instru-
ment furnished for this project was available. Three Scott standard CO
mixtures used for the calibration of the other instruments on this project
were transported to ERT. Their concentrations were 100, 321, and 496 ppm.
33
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TABLE 13 PERFORMANCE TEST SUMMARY
ERT MODEL 4000
Range: 0-1000 ppm
Precision: Not Tested
Noise: (Using Internal Gal Mode) 35.5 ppm
Response Times: Not Tested
Interference: 15% CO - 20 ppm
15% CO + 12% H20 - 25 ppm
*
Zero and Span Drift: Not Tested
34
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The test cell at ERT was evacuated and filled to atmospheric pressure with
each of the Scott gases. The following are the results of the calibration.
Figure 3 shows the calibration curve.
Cylinder Equivalent Stack Millivolt Cell Temperature
Concentration Concentration Output (°F)
100 ppm CO 195.8 ppm CO 19.5 400
321 ppm CO 495.7 ppm CO 53 400
496 ppm CO 774.5 ppm CO 83 400
Precision
Due to the special nature of the test cell procedure, tests for
precision were not practical for the ERT instrument.
Noise
The test for instrument noise was performed on January 22, 1976
while the instrument was at the Sun Oil Company site. The internal cali-
bration mode was used as the source and readings were taken with a digital
voltmeter. The test data are shown in Table 14.
Response Times
Response times were not measured during the ERT laboratory check-
out.
Interference
Interference tests for E~Q and CO, were performed during the ERT
laboratory checkout. The instrument's response to 15% CO in N was first
recorded, then sufficient water to yield 12% moisture was injected into
the heated cell in addition to the 15% C02- The responses were as follows:
Cell Equiv. Stack Response Equivalent
Concentration Concentration (mv) ppm CO
N2 (zero gas) 0 00
15% C0_ in N0 29.4% CO. 2 20
z / z
15% CO. + 12% HO 29.4% CO? 2!.5 25
+24% H«6
35
-------
100
id
80
H 60
u
w
40
20
trr:
I
£E
200
400
PPM CO
600
800
IN
1000
FIGURE 3 ERT MODEL 4000 CALIBRATION CURVE
36
-------
Applicant
Test No._
Analyzer .
TABLE 14 NOISE TEST HA.TA
Date.
//
7 6
Range.
c o
READING
NUMBER
(i)
TIME
0% ol URL
DM
READING
80% of URL
DM
READING
fj.ppm
1
2-
7. ^ «
. ?,<
7. -r
(T o
700-
-7 T.3
10
7 / -9
13
^L
3L.
_2L
14
7/3 /
-7
'50
16
?>
779
17
7.0
7"
18
3d
19
7.S7
20
c?
21
7.CG
22
23
5?- 5 /
24
V
-X
25
7.
-73 o
25
.si
£,,*
'
37
-------
Temperature Variation
Tests for temperature variation were not performed on the ERT
during its initial checkout at the ERT laboratories.
Flow Variation
Laboratory tests for flow variation effects could not be conducted
with the static test cell used for the ERT laboratory testing.
Zero and Span Drift
Laboratory tests for instrument drift were not conducted on
the ERT instrument.
5.2.2 Energetics Science Inc. Ecoylzer - Model 3100 (Serial No. 3111-3)
Performance tests on the Ecolyzer were conducted both before
and after the field program. Some of the tests planned for after the
field program were omitted due to the deterioration of the detector cell
that occurred during the field program. Figure 4 illustrates the change
in response after the detector deterioration. Although the initial response
to the input gas was good, it immediately dropped off, after which it took
in excess of 1 hour to stabilize. During this stabilization, the response
slowly drifted upscale toward the final response.
A summary of the laboratory tests on the Ecolyzer is presented
in Table 15.
Calibration
Calibration performed on December 1, 1975 is shown below.
the calibration curve is shown in Figure 5.
CALIBRATION POINTS 12/1/75
CO Concentration Instrument Response
(ppm) (Chart Units)
0 0
100 10.5
321 34
496 49.5
650 65
807 75.7
925 87
38
-------
BEFORE DETERIORATION
"
li
; i
! i
i '
-i-L
ii':!
._ i ,
: i 1 ' ; i
III!;;
> 1 1
.
(
> <
i I
i i
ir:r-r:;-
! . (- .
, , 6"/Hour
^,;!:ii.i
i
i;ii
i : ! i
1 : !
' ' ! '
i;
,' i t . t
! i : ; 1 1
i i ' i ' ' '
jiji!;!
-*t
_ f ...;.--'
ppm input : : ' ' i ! [
: -T i T < - - 1 1 : ' . 1 i . f :
:'!
; i i i ;
1 - i
1 ' i
y , ' , . ' i
,;;I.!;j!
1 ' I \ ' ! i i i
1 i i !
Ml!
T ! f
' i '
i!|J
i!li
i '
[
i
i
' i i i ; ; ;
II!!::
Ililii
i
i
i
i
!
j
i
l"
i
I
i
:;'
"i ; i
! i 1
li
; i !
u1 ; !
T r
' ' i
, i
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i
1
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i
1
i
i;
i
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'
'
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' : ; ! i :
i
i
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i
i ! ;
t
i i '
i: !:
i i ' ' '
1 |
/i! <
i ' : , ' i
! ' 1 : ' '
!!: Vilj
iji; i-ii- !i In
i;;!^!'!.;;!:-^
! ; ;,:,'; ';!'!;!
. ; 1 | J : . ! ; ' i ' i ! 1 '
,i:.. j, :"!!j!:
3x;'?::i:;T
i'-'ii .:;':|M'::!
<;;i1:!'. jiV !:i:
AFTER DETERIORATION
6
2
8
9
6"/Hour ,
807 ppin input
Zero
N
10
FIGURE 4 ECOLYZER RESPONSE CHANGES (BEFORE AND AFTER DETERIORATION)
39
-------
TABLE 15. PERFORMANCE TEST SUMMARY
ECOLYZER
Range: 0-1000 ppm CO
Precision: (163 ppm) 4.32 ppm
Noise: Nitrogen Zero - 0.46 ppm
807 ppm CO - 1.6 ppm
Response Times: Rise - 86 seconds
Fall - 83 seconds
Interference: CO- - 0 ppm ,
Zero Drift: (% of Full Scale)
12 hour continuous - 0.6*
24 hour - 0.2*
24 Hour Span Drift: (% of Full Scale)
163 ppm - 0.4*
807 ppm - 0.4
*Average
40
-------
100
80
§
M , ..
H 60
W
&
w
Q
8 40
20
200
600
800
1000
PPM CO IN N,
FIGURE 5 ECOLYZER CALIBRATION CURVE
41
-------
Precision
The test for precision was conducted on February 12 using
the 163 ppm calibration standard. The test results are shown below.
Precision tests using a higher range gas planned for after the field
program were omitted due to the extended response times.
PRECISION TEST 2/12/76
Calibration Instrument
Standard Response
(ppm) (ppm)
PL 163 163
P2 163 163
P3 163 168
P4 163 163
P5 163 173
P6 163 170
P163 = A'32 Ppm
Noise
Tests for instrument noise were conducted using nitrogen zero
gas and the 807 ppm CO standard. The results are shown on Table 16.
Response Time
The rise and fall times for the Ecolyzer using the 1060 ppm
CO standard were 86 and 83 seconds, respectively. This test was performed
in October 1975 while the detector was in good condition.
Interference
C02 interference was tested on the 0-1000 ppm range using 15%
CO* in nitrogen. The input changed from nitrogen to 15% C0_ in nitrogen
produced no change in instrument response.
Temperature Variation
Effects of temperature variation on instrument response was
tested using zero, 163 ppm and 807 ppm calibration standards.
42
-------
Applicant
Test No
Analyzer
TABLE 16. NOISE TEST DATA- - _
Date.
Range
READING
NUMBER
(i)
TIME
0% of URL
DM
READING
fj. ppm
80% of URL
DM
READING
tj, ppm
1
7
So
5L 9
7
5? o c,
8-7
/o
10
0
11
o
7^-7
12
S?
13
c
J£
14
15
30
o
16
17
18
0.
19
20
3-
L°.
21
o
SJJ_
22
2L
23
JCL
24
o
7^0
25
0
25
1
25
,
7
43
-------
2/11/76
Zero Gas
163 ppm
807 ppm
Time
0900
1300
0900
1300
0900
1300
Flow Variation
Temperature
70°
60
70
60
70
60
Response
9.0 ct. units
9.5
0.5 ct. units =5.7 ppm
15.1 ct. units
13.7
1.4 ct. units = 16 ppm
73 ct. units
70.8
2.2 ct. units =25.1 ppm
Variations in input flow rate, within the manufacturer's recom-
mended range, had negligible effects on instrument output.
Zero and Span Drift
Tests for instrument drift are presented below. These tests
include 12 hour and 24 hour zero drift and mid and high range span drifts.
12 Hour Continuous Zero Drift
10/10/75
2/11/76
2/12/76
Maximum
Minimum
12 Hr. Drift
Maximum
Minimum
12 Hr. Drift
Maximum
Minimum
12 Hr. Drift
24 Hour Zero Drift
10.3 chart units
9.9
0.4 chart units =4.6 ppm
10.0 chart units
9.0
1.0 chart units = 11.4 ppm
10.2 chart units
9.7
0.5 chart units =5.7 ppm
Response (% of full scale)'
Date
2/11-12
2/12-13
Temp.
70
60
z
u
n
8.3
8.2
7
n-1
8.5
8.3
Drift
(AZ)
-0.3
-0.1
Equiv.
ppm
3.4
1.1
44
-------
Span Drift
Gas Standard 163 ppm
Date
24 hour
2/11-12
2/12-13
Temp
70
60
Response (% of full scale)
M
n
14.1
13.9
M
n
14
14
-1
.7
.1
Drift
(AZ)
-0.6
-0.2
Equiv.
ppm
6.9
2.3
Gas Standard 807 ppm
Date
24 hour
2/11-12
70
Response (% of full scale)
n
n-1
73.0 72.6
Drift
(AZ)
0.4
Equiv.
ppm
4.6
5.2.3 Beckman Air Quality Chromatograph (Model 6800) (Serial No. 1000119)
Performance tests for the Beckman 6800 were conducted both
before and after the field program. A summary of the laboratory performance
tests is shown in Table 17. Several of the traditional performance tests
are not applicable to this instrument due to its operating principles and
design. These include zero drift, variations, rise and fall times and
noise.
Calibration
Calibrations conducted on February 11, 1976 produced the follow-
ing points with the curve shown on Figure 6.
CO Concentration
(ppm)
0
163
321
496
650
807
925
Instrument Response
(Chart Units)
0
14.2
28.1
43.9
58.1
72.0
82.3
45
-------
TABLE 17. PERFORMANCE TEST SUMMARY
BECKMAN 6800
Range: 0-1000 ppm CO
Precision: 163 ppm standard - 0.69 ppm*
327 ppm standard - 0.08 ppm
807 ppm standard - 1.35 ppm*
1060 ppm standard - 1.17 ppm
Noise: Not Applicable
Interference: C0_ - None
HLO - None
Zero Drift: None
Span Drift:
163 ppm standard
8 hr. - 0.1% of full scale
24 hr. - 0.1% of full scale*
807 ppm standard
8 hr. - 0.7% full scale
24 hr. - 0.8% full scale*
*Average
46
-------
100
80
§
g 60
w
8
w
ftl
fntujU't":
*-rt
20
-t-t-j t j-t'/r -
h~1-" rrttr ~
rfrrr
:T^
EE?^
XiU"
L.IZ17
- -f1
.
II 1 n T~>~
777:17777,
' TT^Tn, . j. . .-.
'""^4 " '
--tr-:;-; ''!
200
400 600
PPM CO IN N,,
800
1000
FIGURE 6 BECKMAN 6800 CALIBRATION CURVE
47
-------
Precision
Tests for precision were performed in November 1975 and February
1976. The results are shown below.
November 1975
Low Concentration (PT) High Concentration (P~)
Li n.
Calibration Standard = 327 ppm CO Calibration Standard = 1060 ppm CO
PL Instrument Pg Instrument
Response (ppm) Response (ppm)
Pj_ 327 1060
P2 327 1059
P3 327 1060
PA 329 1059
P5 329 1058
P6 328 1057
PL = 0.98 ppm Pfl - 1.17 ppm
Low Concentration (PT)
Calibration Standard = 163 ppm
Instrument Response (ppm)
Test 1 Test 2
P-L 163 163
?2 161 163
P3 160 163
P4 160 163
P5 160 163
P6 159
1.38 ppm 0 ppm
48
-------
High Concentration (?)
tl
Calibration Standard = 807 ppm
Instrument Response (ppm)
Test 1 Test 2
807
807
806
804
807
807
1.2 ppm
807
805
808
1.5 ppm
Noise
Tests for noise are not applicable to this instrument's non-
continuous output.
Response Time
Traditional response times do not apply to a chromatographic
type instrument. The instrument completes one analysis cycle every 5
minutes.
Interference
There is no C0~ interference due to the column separation of
component gases.
Temperature Variation
The effects of ambient temperature variation are shown below.
2/12/76
Instrument Response (Chart Units)
Time
0930
1300
Temp. (°F)
60
70
163 ppm
14.1
14.9
0.8
Equiv. ppm 7.0
807 ppm
74.1
74.7
0.6
5.3
49
-------
2/13/76
Time
1000
1200
Temp. ( F)
56
48
Equiv. ppm
321 ppm
31.2
31.6
0.4
4.1
Flow Variation
The effects of variations in input flow rates are negated by
the instrument's internal sample pump and bypass system.
Zero and Span Drift
Zero Drift; Zero drift is corrected by an auto-zero circuit
that resets electrical zero during each analysis cycle.
Span Drift; Calibration standard: 163 ppm CO
Date
Temp. (°F)
8 hour
2/27
24 hour
2/11-12
2/25-26
2/26-27
68
70
68
68
Instrument Response (% of full seale)
15.4
n-1
15.5
Drift
(AZ)
-0.1
Equiv.
-1.1
14.1
15.6
15.5
14.2
15.5
15.6
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
-1.1
1.0
-0.1
Calibration Standard:
8 hour
2/27
24 hour
2/11-12
2/2^-26
2/26-27
68
70
68
68
807 ppm CO
75.5
76.2
-0.7
-7.5
74
76.5
76.2
72.2
76.8
76.5
1.8
-0.3
-0,3
19.9
-3.2
-3.2
50
-------
5.2.4 Beckman NDIR Model 865 (Serial No. 0100200)
The Beckman Model 865 was not obtained until late November and
it was immediately placed in field test service. The performance tests
presented below were, therefore, conducted after the field program. A
summary of the lab performance data is shown in Table 18.
Calibration
Calibration ^performed by Scott on February 11, 1976 produced
the following points with the curve shown in Figure 7.
CO Concentration Instrument Response
(ppm) (Chart Units)
0 0
163 21
321 37.5
496 54.1
650 67
807 78.4
925 , 86.3
Precision
Tests for precision were performed in February 1976 using both
the 163 ppm and 807 ppm calibration standards. The results are shown
below.
Low Concentration; 163 ppm Standard
Instrument Response (ppm CO)
Pl
P2
P0
3
P.
4
P5
p
6
Test 1
163
164
163
164
163
163
P - 0.52 ppm
Li
Test 2
163
164
164
165
160
165
P = 1.9 ppm
51
-------
TABLE 18. PERFORMANCE TEST SUMMARY .
BECKMAN 865
Range: 0-1000 ppm CO
Precision: Calibration Standard 163 ppm CO - 1.21 ppm*
Calibration Standard 807 ppm CO - 3.25 ppm*
Noise: Nitrogen Zero - 0.6 ppm
807 ppm CO - 0.94 ppm
Response Times: Rise - 5.4 seconds
Fall - 6.5 seconds
Interference: 15% C0« - 3.4 ppm
10% H20 - 1.7 ppm
Zero Drift: 12 hour continuous - 4.4 ppm*
24 hour - 0.4% of full scale*
Span Drift: Calibration Standard - 163 ppm CO
8 hour - 0% of full scale
24 hour - 0.38% of full scale*
Calibration Standard - 807 ppm CO
8 hour - 0.9% of full scale
24 hour - 1.4% of full scale*
*Average
52
-------
100
200
400 600
PPM CO IN N0
800
1000
FIGURE 7 BECKKAN 865 CALIBRATION CURVE
53
-------
High Concentration; 807 ppm Standard
Instrument Response (ppm CO)
P.
1
P0
2
P,
3
P,
4
P5
P6
Noise
Test 1
807
810
807
811
810
813
PT =2.3 ppm
Li
Test 2
807
814
815
817
809
817
P =4.2 ppm
L
Tests for instrument noise were conducted on February 10, 1976
using nitrogen zero gas and the 807 ppm standard. The data are shown on
Table 19.
Response Time
The response characteristics of the Beckman NDIR were tested using
the 807 ppm CO standard. The following results were obtained.
Rise Time =5.4 seconds
Fall Time = 6.5 seconds
Interference
C02 interference was tested on the 0-1000 ppm CO range using 15%
C02 in nitrogen. Response as measured with a digital volt meter was 3.36
ppm. Instrument response to the input of 10% water vapor was 1.7 ppm as
measured with a digital voltmeter.
Temperature Variation
The effects of variations in ambient temperature on instrument
response are shown below. Responses to the new temperatures were measured
shortly after a stable reading was obtained to minimize the effects of
instrument drift.
54
-------
&.
Applicant _
Test No
Analyzer 13,,^
TABLE 19- NOISE TEST DATA
/
/O
f,
15
16
17
18
3 C ,
-
#7.5
19
20
21
22
23
^7-3
24
«*
25
^ 0, <<>
55
S80=
-------
Date/Time Temperature Instrument Response (Chart Units)
Zero 163 ppm 807 ppm
2/12/76 @ 0900 70° 0 20.2 78.2
@ 1300 60° 0 20.8 80
Response Change (Chart Units) 0 +0.6 +1.8
Equivalent ppm 0 +6.1 +18.4
2/13/76 @ 0900 56° 0 20.5 79.2
@ 1150 48° 0 20.8 79.2
Response Change (Chart Units) 0 +0.3 0
Equivalent ppm 0 +3.1 0
Flow Variation
The effects of sample flow rate variations were measured with
the digital voltmeter. Flows were varied from 6 to 5.0 liters per minute.
The recommended flow is 0.5-1.0 liters/minute. The results are as follows:
Flow Rate Instrument Response
(Liter/Minute) (ppm)
0 806
0.84 807
1.45 808
2.65 812
5.00 819
Zero and Span Drifts
Zero and span drifts for the Beckman 865 are presented below.
Included are 12 and 24-hour zero drifts, mid-range span drift (163 ppm)
and high-range span drift (807 ppm).
12-Hour Continuous Zero Drift
2/10/76 2/11/76 2/12/76
Maximum 9.3 ct. units 10.1 ct. units 10.2 ct. units
Minimum 8.9 9.7 9.7
12 Hour Drift 0.4 ct. units 0.4 ct. units 0.5 ct. units
= 4.1 ppm = 4.1 ppm = 5.0 ppm
56
-------
24-Hour Zero Drift
Instrument Response
Date
2/11-2/12
2/12-2/13
2/24-2/25
2/25-2/26
2/26-2/27
Span Drift
Temp.
70
60
68
68
68
Calibration Standard -
Z
n
9.8
9.9
7.0
6.1
5.5
163 ppm CO
(% of
7 Drift
n-1 (AZ)
9.6
9.8
7.2
7.0
6.1
Instrument Response
Date
8-Hour Drift
2/27
24-Hour Drift
2/11-2/12
2/12-2/13
2/24-2/25
2/25-2/26
2/26-2/27
Temp.
70
60
68
68
Calibration Standard -
8-Hour Drift
2/27
24-Hour Drift
2/11-2/12
2/12-2/13
2/24-2/25
2/25-2/26
2/26-2/27
70
60
68
68
68
M
n
19.5
20.2
20.4
21.0
20.2
19.5
807 ppm CO
73.9
79.9
79.1
68.5
76.7
75.0
M 1
n-1
19.5
20.3
20.2
21.1
21.0
20.2
74.8
78.3
99.9
79.5
78.5
76.7
0.2
0.1
-0.2
-0.9
-0.6
(% of
Drift
(AZ)
0
-0.1
0.2
-0.1
-0.8
-0.7
-0.9
1.6
-0.8
-1.0
-1.8
-1.7
Full Scale)
Equiv.
ppm
2.1
1.0
-2.1
-9.3
-6.2
Full Scale)
Equiv .
ppm
0
-1.0
2.1
-1.0
-8.3
-7.2
7.8
16.3
-8.2
-11.2
-18.4
-18.2
57
-------
5.2.5 Horiba NDIR - Model A1A-2 (Serial No. 30642)
Laboratory performance evaluation of the Horiba Model A1A-2 was
performed prior to the field program. A summary of the laboratory results
is shown in Table 20.
Calibration
Calibration of the Horiba instrument on the 0-1000 ppm CO range
produced the following data points. The calibration curve is shown in
Figure 8.
CO Concentration Instrument Response
(ppm) (Chart Units)
': ' " i-i.i r
0 0
100 8.5
321 33.5
496 52.0
650 67.0
1060 100.0
Precision
The test for precision using the 650 ppm CO standard produced
the following data:
Instrument Response (ppm)
PI 650
P2 655
P3 650
P4 655
P5 669
P, 664
D
PR = 7.73 ppm
Noise
Tests for noise were not conducted on the Horiba A1A-2.
Response Time
The rise and fall using 1060 ppm CO standard were 10.9 and 9.4
seconds, respectively.
58
-------
TABLE 20. PERFORMANCE TEST SUMMARY
HORIBA NDIR MODEL A1A-2
Range: 0-1000 ppm CO
Precision: Calibration standard - 650 ppm CO - 7.73 ppm
Noise: Not Tested
Response Times: Rise - 10.9 seconds
Fall - 9.4 seconds
Interference: 15% CO. - 40.9 ppm
H20 - Not Tested
Zero Drift: 24 hour - 11.7 ppm
Span Drift: 24 hour - 0.5% of full scale*
*Average
59
-------
100
80
55
O
M - _
H 60
w
Q
Prf
W
g /n
8 40
:f.:-:
i 1-
Tt-TTt:
Ttr~
m
- --.I^t
._-(__,)._.
:-.-7r-.'---
::Tt:r:
Lfe
^:
r--r--
:i::.
E^i^u.-;
_,__L ._
f.T-
20
:::r.:v.r
200
400
PPM CO IN
600
800
1000
FIGURE 8 HORIBA A1A-2 CALIBRATION CURVE
60
-------
Interference
The results of the CO- interference test are shown below.
Response to 15% CO- =40.9 ppm CO
t+
Tests for H_0 interference were not conducted on this instrument.
Temperature
Tests for temperature variation were not conducted on the
Horiba A1A-2.
Flow Variation
Tests for flow variation were not conducted on the Horiba A1A-2.
Zero and Span Drifts
Zero Drift
The zero drift was measured over a period of 25 hours. A 11.7
ppm drift was measured on the 1000 ppm range. Test data is shown below.
Date Time Output
10/9/75 1400 hrs. = 0.522 volts
10/10/75 1500 hrs. = 0.576 volts
Zero Drift (25 hours) = +0.054 volts
= 11.7 ppm
Span Drift
Span drift obtained from records of daily span checks with 650
ppm CO.
Range 0-1000 ppm CO
Date Response (Chart Units) Drift (% of Full Scale)
12/11 70 0
12/12 70 0
12/13 69 -1.0
12/14 69 0
12/15 69 (adj. to 66.5) 0
12/16 66 +0.5
12/17 67 +1.0
12/18 66 -1.0
61
-------
5.2.6 Horiba NDIR Model A1A-21AS (Serial No. 45261301)
The Horiba Model A1A-2 was replaced during the field program by
the newer model A1A-21AS. Laboratory testing of the model A1A-21AS was,
therefore, conducted after the field program. A summary of these performance
tests is shown in Table 21.
Calibration
Calibration performed on February 2, 1976 on the 0-1000 ppm CO
range produced the following data with the curve presented on Figure 9.
CO Concentration Instrument Response
(ppm) (Chart Units)
0 0
163 23.2
321 40.6
496 56.6
650 68.8
807 79.0
925 85.6
Precision
Tests for instrument precision using the 163 ppm and 807 ppm
standards are shown below.
Calibration Standard: 163 ppm
Instrument Response (ppm)
pl
P2
P3
P4
?5
P6
Test 1
163
166
165
166
165
167
= 1.4 ppm
I
Test 2
163
161
160
159
159
158
P, = 1.8 ppm
62
-------
TABLE 21. PERFORMANCE TEST SUMMARY
HORIBA NDIR MODEL A1A-21AS
Range: 0-1000 ppm CO
Precision: Calibration Standard 163 ppm CO - 1.6 ppm*
Calibration Standard 807 ppm CO - 3.2 ppm*
Noise: Nitrogen Zero - 0.47 ppm
Calibration Standard 807 ppm CO - 2.1 ppm
Response Times: Rise - 7.9 seconds
Fall - 10.0 seconds
Interference: 15% C02 - 3.4 ppm
10% H20 - 0.5 ppm
Zero Drift: 12-hour continuous -4.9 ppm *
8-hour - 0.4% of full scale
24-hour - 0.18% of full scale*
Span Drift: Calibration Standard 163 ppm CO
8 hour - 0% of full scale
24 hour - 0.36% of full scale*
Calibration Standard 807 ppm CO
8 hour - 0.7% of full scale
24 hour - 0.98% of full scale*
*Average
63
-------
100
80
ECTION
c^
0
RDER DEFL
RECO
>
0
20
-T-t4
Xtlf
frE:!
_._^^_ __ . ~~ j t-»'-i '
" ~"_^2^ ~, , , "j. _,_ri , __ [ r _ ^
t'
- ' |^
ir. '-_ 1 :
izrjr
"_r"* 4~t' "*". _ ~i_^""
nrr
££:
p
JT11I11- ~"~'T'"^r* '7~"fT-T"~r~ --i- .'7T
IrgtS
m.
-;±;r
200
400 600
PPM CO IN N0
800
1000
FIGURE 9 HORIBA A1A-21AS CALIBRATION CURVE
64
-------
807
803
807
807
812
815
PH = 4.2 ppm
807
807
806
807
809
812
P = 2.2 ppm
Calibration Standard: 807 ppm
Instrument Response (ppm)
Test 1 Test 2
P2
P3
P5
Noise
The test for instrument noise was conducted using nitrogen zero
gas and the 807 ppm standard. The results are shown in Table 22.
Response Time
Response time for the Horiba A1A-21AS using the 807 ppm
calibration standard are shown below.
2/11/76
Rise Time =8.1 Seconds
Fall Time =10.0 Seconds
2/12/76
Rise Time =7.8 Seconds
Fall Time =10.0 Seconds
Interference
H-0 and C0_ interferences were measured using a digital voltmeter.
£» *
The response to the addition of 10% water vapor was equivalent to -0.5 ppm
CO, and the response to the addition of 15% C0_ in N_ was equivalent to
+3.4 CO ppm.
65
-------
TABLE 22. NOISE TEST DATA
Applicant
No._
u /*-,/.£L<
-r
r / ^
Date.
io 7
Range.
'000
READING
NUMBER
"
TIME
oIURL
DM
READING
fj. ppro
DM
READING )%,,
fj, ppm
-Z
7
Hf 0
7
UL
yp-7.
/ 0
7
S? 1
9 7
o
o
10
§7
0
8
11
12
9-7
_o_
o
13
I
0 U-
14
0
-7
C)
$09
15
o
go?
16
o
17
'O
5-
1 0
18
-3 (,
o
*=> 0 5
19
S? 4
20
(o
<*>! i
21
9 (=>
22
23
24
33L
.^ G
-> -;)
,
25
50
-7
25
'"'
?5
SB -a
66
-------
Temperature Variation
Variations in instrument response due to temperature changes
are shown below.
Instrument Response (Chart Units)
163 ppm 807 ppm
Time
2/12/76
0900
1300
2/13/76
0845
1150
Temp.
60
48
Flow Variation
Zero
8.7
9.8
1.1 =
10.8 ppm
10.1
10.1
0
24.0
24.2
0.2 =
2.0 ppm
24.6
25.0
0.4 =
3.9 ppm
80.8
82.1
2.3 =
22.6 ppm
83.3
84.4
1.1 =
10.8 ppm
Flow
(Liter/Minute)
The effects of flow variation as measured by the digital
voltmeter were as follows: The recommended range for the instrument is
1-10 liter/minute.
MV Equiv.
Response ppm
847 807
846 806
847 807
847 807
850 810
0
0.84
1.45
2.6
5.0
Zero and Span Drifts
Tests for instrument drift are presented below. Included are
hourly zero drift and mid-range and high-range span drifts.
67
-------
Zero Drift
12-Hour Continuous Zero Drift
Maximum
Minimum
12 Hour Drift
12/10/75
9.5 ct. units
9.0
12/11/75
9.0 ct. units
8.6
0.4 ct. units
= 4.6 ppm
0.5 ct. units
= 5.0 ppm
8 and 24-Hour Zero Drift
Instrument Response
12/12/75
10.1 ct. units
9.6
0.5 ct. units
= 5.2 ppm
Date
8-Hour
2/27
24-Hour
2/11-2/12
2/12-2/13
2/24-2/25
2/25-2/26
2/26-2/27
68
70
60
68
68
68
of Full Scale)
n
5.4
8.7
10.1
6.0
6.0
5.9
n-1
5.8
8.7
9.9
6.6
6.0
6.0
-0.4
0
0.2
-0.6
0
-0.1
Equiv.
ppm
-4.2
0
2.0
-6.3
0
-1.0
Span Drift
Calibration Standard:
Date
8-Hour
2/27
24-Hour
2/11-2/12
2/12-2/13
2/24-2/25
2/25-2/26
2/26-2/27
Time
70
60
68
68
163 ppm CO
Instrument Response (% of Full Scale)
Equiv.
n
22.5
23.7
24.6
22.9
22.8
22.5
°n-l
22.5
23.2
24.1
23.4
22.9
22.8
0.4
0.5
-0.5
-0.1
-0.3
0
4.0
5.0
-5.0
-1.0
-3.0
68
-------
Calibration Standard: 807 ppm CO
Instrument Response (% of Full Scale)
s _ Drift Equiv.
Date Temp. n n-1 (AS) ppm
8-Hour
2/27 75.3 76.0 -0.7 -7.4
24-Hour
2/11-2/12 70 80.7 78.8 1.9 19.2
2/12-2/13 60 83.2 82.2 1.0 10.1
2/24-2/25 68 71.7 78.0 -1.3 -13.3
2/25-2/26 76.0 76.7 -7.0 -7.3
2/26-2/27 76.0 76.0 0 0
69
-------
SECTION 6
FIELD PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
6.1 SITE SELECTION, DESCRIPTION AND PREPARATION
Site selection was based on the following criteria:
o Availability of a continuous carbon monoxide source in
the range of 500 - 1000 ppm.
o Accessibility of site for equipment and testing.
o Availability of instrument housing.
o Proximity of site to Scott's Plumsteadville laboratory.
The source chosen for the field program was the outlet duct from
an electrostatic precipitator exhausting flue gas from two carbon monoxide
boilers. These are waste heat boilers that receive flue gas from the
catalyst regenerator section of the catalytic cracking unit. These input
flue gases contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and are at
very high temperatures. The CO boilers recover heat from the hot regener-
ator gases, convert CO contained in these gases to C02 and take advantage
of the heat created by this conversion, as well as the heat recovered to
generate steam.
The boilers are controlled by a Buell electrostatic precipitator
and a Lodge-Cottrell precipitator ducting to a common stack. The configura-
tions of the precipitators and stack is shown in Figure 10.
Preliminary information indicated the following stack conditions:
o Carbon Monoxide - 500-1000 ppm
o Carbon Dioxide - 10-12%
o Moisture - Approximately 10%
o Temperature - 500 F
70
-------
FIGURE 10 CONFIGURATIONS OF PRECIPITATORS AND STACK
71
-------
Pressure - Approximately Atmospheric
Flow - Approximately 160,000 ACFM
Particulate (EPA Method 5) - 3 gr/SCF
SO.. - 500 ppm (maximum)
X
Arrangements were made to install the sampling system and instru-
mentation during a routine outage for maintenance. At this time, the ERT
monitor was mounted on the duct and the extractive sampling system was
installed. A compact trailer was provided for instrument housing with
provisions for power and lighting.
The catalytic cracker became operational during the first week
in November; however, normal operating conditions were not achieved until
the following week. During this period, the necessary probe placement and
instrument check-out were performed.
During the field program, several process upsets occurred. This
was usually the result of #2 boiler being shut down although at one time
both #1 and #2 boilers were down.
When #2 boiler was in upset condition, the flow of input gas
from the hot regenerator would be bypassed to a secondary stack and exhausted
combustion air to #2 boiler would remain on. Therefore, the boiler effluent
discharging through the precipitators and past the sampling ports would be
diluted and the CO concentrations decreased along with the stack temperature.
These periods are indicated in the field data summary.
6.2 FIELD SAMPLING SYSTEM
The sampling system designed by Scott for the field evaluation
phase of the project provided for the continuous operation of the five
CO monitors at the refinery site. In addition, flow rates, duct and instru-
ment trailer temperatures and moisture levels were monitored periodically
along with the continuous recording of C02 by NDIR.
Four of the monitors being evaluated required sample extraction
and conditioning. These instruments were located in a compact trailer 25
72
-------
meters below the sample ports. The fifth instrument was an in-situ cross-
stack infrared analyzer with only its recorder located in the trailer.
A schematic diagram of the sample ports and delivery system is
shown in Figure 11.
6.2.1 Sample Port Location
The optimum location for sampling was on the outlet duct from
one site of the Lodge-Cottrell precipitator. This duct had existing
platforms, was easily accessible, and posed minimum problems regarding
the installation of the ERT cross-stack monitor. Also, five ports were
available on this duct for sample probe placement, velocity traverses,
moisture determinations, and ancillary testing.
67172 Probe --
The probe was fabricated from 3/8" stainless steel tubing. The
end of the tubing was capped and five inlet holes were drilled so that
sample would be drawn from the centers of five equal areas across the duct.
The probe was inserted through a 4" port cap using a swage-lock fitting and
oriented with the inlet holes facing downstream. A three-way valve and
blower were installed at the outlet of the probe for daily purging of
particulate matter.
6.2.3 Stack-Mounted Water Trap
Immediately following the probe assembly was a water trap to
prevent condensed water from freezing in the sample line. The trap
originally consisted of four 500 ml glass impingers in a water bath.
The last impinger contained glass wool for filtering particulate. Water
collected in these impingers was emptied during routine field visits.
This impinger water trap was replaced on December 23 with re-
frigeration coils immersed in a water bath. This version was automated
so that collected water would be purged hourly while the instruments below
were in the hourly zero mode. These functions along with the purging of
a second condenser system in the trailer and the purging of the probe
were controlled by solenoids activated by a master timer in the trailer.
73
-------
Receptor
ERT Cross Stack
Emission Analyzer
(Placed at 316" x
Signal
Cable
DUCT (3'6" K 7'5")
Probe Purge
Blower
WATER
TRAP
Sample Line
(3/8" Teflon)
=80'
TRAILER
FIGURE 11 SAMPLING LOCATION AND SAMPLE ELQWLIQ_. INSTRUMENT TRAILER
-------
A refrigeration type of condenser was not permitted"at the
probe location due to safety requirements and, therefore, the moisture
level in the sample gas was derived by the water bath temperature. Since
this was partially warmed by stack radiation, enough moisture was present
in the sample to freeze in the sample line during very cold periods.
6..2.4 Sample Transport System
Sample was transported from the stack to the instrument trailer
through a 3/8" teflon line. A diaphram pump with a free capacity of 4.0
CFM was used, providing a sample transport time of approximately 5 seconds.
Sample in excess of that required for the instruments was bypassed to
minimize transport time.
6.2.5 Sample Conditioning Components
Sample conditioning involved particulate and moisture removal.
Figure 12 shows the arrangement of the sample conditioning components in
the trailer.
Filtration was accomplished by a heated 3" diameter fiberglass
filter located before the sample pump and condenser unit and an unheated
3" fiberglass filter after the condenser.
Water vapor was reduced to approximately 0.5% by a refrigerated
condensor. This condenser was automatically purged hourly while the in-
struments were in the zero mode.
6.2.6 Auto-Zero Solenoid and Master Timer
Following the conditioning components sample was routed to the
auto-zero solenoid. This solenoid interrupted sample flow and routed
nitrogen zero gas through the instruments in the trailer for three minutes
every hour. This solenoid was activated by a master timer that also con-
trolled the purging of both water condensors and the probe.
6.2.7 Sample Manifold and Control Console
The sample manifold and control console is shown in Figure 12.
The manifold, which received sample from the auto-zero solenoid had five
75
-------
N3
CO
5-
OQ
3
H-
Mi
O
M
O.
o
o
3
rt
H
O
n
o
3
(A
O
Sample
Inlet
Solenoid
Tinier
Moisture &
Auxiliary Vent
To "Ecolyzer'
(Press. <1" HO;
1.5 scfh)
Bypass
Vent
Pump
CONDEN-
SER
UNIT
ited ]
|
L
^
^
%
^>
Filter
7o>rr> n
(99.9%
Unheated '
Filter
1 1|
86
(1
N )
2J
i
ckman
5 NDIR
1/min )"*~
I
\
\
Sa
Solenoid
Timer
Water Vent
Water
Horiba NDIR
TraP (400 cc/min)
Beckman 6800
Chromatograph
(5 1/min.)
MSA Lira
C02 Analyzer
(2 1/min.)
SAMPLING MANIFOLD
2
3
4 C
CONTROL
CONSOLE
Press.
Reg.
Magnehelic
Press. Gauge 1
('Ecolyzer')
Atmosphere
Vent
(300 cc/min.)
ta 1.
a 2
3
1
2
P3
CO Span
(650 ppm)
I02 Span
(15%)
Instrument
Selector Valves
Calibration Selector
Valves
-------
ports for sample distribution to the instruments and for any ancillary
testing. One port on the manifold was used to supply sample to the control
console for distribution to the Horiba NDIR, Beckman NDIR, Beckman chroma-
tograph and MSA C02 monitor. A. second manifold port was used to provide
sample to the Ecolyzer which was controlled independently in order to
maintain a sample pressure of less than 1" H_0 as per instructions. Another
port was used to measure sample moisture content.
The control console was used to distribute both sample and
calibration gas flow to each instrument. The console contained flow
meters and selector valves for convenient selection and regulation of gas
flow to each instrument.
6.2.8 Calibration Gases
All instruments, except the ERT, were spanned with Scott "close
tolerance" (±2% analysis) blends of carbon monoxide in nitrogen. The
following six concentrations covering the 0-1000 ppm range were available
in the instrument trailer: 100 ppm, 321 ppm, 496 ppm, 650 ppm, 807 ppm
and 925 ppm. The MSA C02 monitor was spanned with a Scott blend of 15%
C0_ in nitrogen. Zero gas used for both routine calibrations and automatic
hourly zeroes was Scott 99.98% pure nitrogen. All of these gases were
connected to the gas inputs on the control console for convenient selection
and control. _ _.. ......... ..
The Ecolyzer, however, due to its sample pressure sensitivity,
was spanned by filling Tedlar bags with the appropriate gas at the control
console and allowing the instrument to draw gas, at its own rate, into the
detector cell.
6.2.9 System Performance
The sample delivery/conditioning system performed adequately
throughout the program with the exception of several sample line freeze-
ups. This freezing condition was often due to the simultaneous occurrence
of near zero ambient temperatures and a process upset in #2 boiler.
Other minor problems like broken filters and dirty solenoids
77
-------
caused brief interruptions in sample flow.
Table 23 outlines all sample flow interruptions to the instru-
ments. During periods where a leak resulted in a diluted sample flow to
the instruments comparative evaluation of all but the ERT in situ monitor
is still valid.
6.2.10 Data Acquisition
All instrument responses were recorded on individual, continuous
strip chart recorders. This includes the stack-mounted ERT instrument
recorder in the trailer.
In addition, the Horiba NDIR, Beckman NDIR, Ecolyzer and ERT
responses were recorded on magnetic tape using Westinghouse environmental
data loggers. These loggers convert instrument outputs to pulses which
are recorded on tape. The pulse frequency recorded is proportional to the
input voltage. Additionally, each recorder has a time channel which
receives a pulse every 15 minutes for subsequent computer correlation.
Data presented in the Field Data Summary (Section 6.7) for the
Horiba NDIR, Beckman NDIR, Ecolyzer and ERT were computed from data logged
on the tapes. Data for the Beckman 6800 and MSA CO monitor were obtained
from strip charts.
6.3 FIELD VISITS
Throughout the field program, daily maintenance and calibration
visits were required. During each visit, a schedule of procedures, along
with any required maintenance, would be followed.
Figure 13 shows the log sheet used for recording calibration and
maintenance data during the program.
6.3.1 Daily Calibration
All instruments except the ERT were calibrated daily using the
650 ppm calibration standard and nitrogen zero gas. The ERT was calibrated
with its internal calibration cell. The zero and span responses were then
recorded on the log sheet along with any adjustments that were required.
In addition to the CO instrument, the MSA CO monitor was cali-
brated daily using 15% C0? in nitrogen.
78
-------
TABLE 23. SAMPLE FLOW INTERRUPTIONS
Date /Time
12/18
12/22
12/24
12/29
1/2
1/5
1/6
1/9
1/10
1/11
1/12
1/13
1/14
1/15
1/16
1/17
1/20
1/18
1/20
1/20
1/21
1300-4130
0900-1600
0615-1230
1100-1600
0600-1415
@ 1200-
1330
0300-1400
@ 1200-
1300
@ 1430-
1200
@ 2200-
1330
0500-1200
@ 1100-
1200
@ 1200-
1400
<§ 2200-
1300
Reason
Clogged Probe
Clogged Line
Clogged Line
Solenoid Stuck
Frozen Sample Line
Frozen Sample Line
Solenoid Frozen Open
Frozen Sample Line
Filter Leak
Broken Filter
Broken Filter
Leak In Reefer
System
Frozen Sample Line
Leak in Reefer
System
Notes
No Sample
No Sample
No Sample
No Sample
No Sample
Diluted Sample
(Partial Flow)
Diluted Sample
(Flow but no CO)
No Sample
Diluted Sample
Diluted Sample
Diluted Sample
Diluted Sample
Sample Intermittant
Diluted Sample
79
-------
DATE
J // a~
.
DAILY LOG
TIKE IN
PROJECT 1519
HAMECS)
TRAILER COND. - Ambient Temp.
Flowrates O.K. - (Notes)_
' Change 2 Filters-(Notes)_
CYLINDERS N,_/3£<£_
Line Volt. / /
Air i )
65060
jT f
Notes:
KOISTURE (Every Day): At Manifold
Start Time; I **- 3D Start Meter:
. Stop Time; / 3 «9 A Stop Meter:
"7 C> »
Silica gel: Initial wt. -4 <£>. C^ Final wt.
INSTRUMENTS: All readings in recorder chart units. Always get zero and span readings
before and after any adjustments
ERT (Switch to Cal.): Time: f ?3.
Cal. Reading J fj Notes:
BECKMAN 6800:
Baseline:
Check with lab before adjusting spans.
Recorder: tt.*. *.»
Recorder;
Notes:
Cal. (Cal. std. switch, set flowrate in rear to
9.0) "I "7
-».A
a.
"7 *?
Gain S ^"D
Gain "7 *l ^
, New Zero
\
, New- Span
BECKMAN 865: Time:
Zero
Span
Notes:
HORIBA: Time:
Zero O. I
Span "7
Recorder:
Gain
Gain
3 <:
Recorder:
Cain
Gain
Q
New Zero
, New Span
Gain
Gain
Notes:_
MSA (C02): Time:
Zero J *
"(15* C02) Span
Notes:
ECOLYZER:
Time: _
Zero (switch) _
Span (Tedlar bag) ^ ^
Check H.O Bottle Inside:
Condition of Pre-filter:
Recorder
_, New Zero
, New Span
Bypass Flow (Outside Trailer)
cc/mln.
FIGURE 13. SAMPLE OF DAILY LOG SHEET
80
-------
gTACK CHECK-OUT
* Moisture and flows must be done on Tuesday and Thursday unless planned otherwise:
(Obtain ice for moisture check from lab.)
PLANT CONTROL ROOM; Time / / ^ £7 Bare. Press. (ExC. 300) "?,-?,^.£> _
Flow in Brick Stack fa*"***" '
Boiler Status
STACK COtro.
Coadenser: (Notes)
Check filter (change if necessary);
{
"
J />'X>U
^^^^
Y' ft
J J
-
MOISTURE; Set up probe, 2 impingers, silica gel tube,
port. (Sample * 10 ft. 3)
Start Time ^ Start Meter
Stop Time _ Stop Meter
and flowmeter' on middle
Initial wt.
. 5T
Impinger vol. - initial ml final
Pyrite; Sample Middle Port /
~^ - . -!
Traverse; Use-pitot bridge and monometer. Static
Final wt.
Point . Port A (on left) Port B
Port C
Port E
2
3
4
5
REMARKS:
A/ in.
in.
in.
°F ,
Time Leaving Site: | *2 I
Return form, silica gel tubes, charts (every 3-4 days) to Scott.
Supplies Needed: sw^^JT 'A ^
'
Problems Unsolved Upon Leaving:
FIGURE 13. (Continued) SAMPLE OF DAILY LOG SHEET (Page 2)
81
-------
6.3.2 Weekly Calibrations'""
On Monday of each week, a comprehensive calibration was conducted
using all six span gases available in the trailer. These gases included
100, 321, 496, 650, 807 and 929 ppm CO.
6.3.3 System Maintenance
Maintenance activities required on a daily basis included emptying
the condensed water from the impinger water trap at the stack, purging the
probe and changing the filters in the instrument trailer. Daily maintenance
on the stack was eliminated by the installation of the automated condenser
system on December 23. The remaining components of the sampling system
would be checked and maintained as necessary.
Other routine maintenance items included recording gas cylinder
pressures and making any necessary replacements and maintaining the con-
tinuous recorders on the_instruments.
6.3.4 Ancillary Data Acquisition
During each field visit, the trailer temperature, line voltage,
barometric pressure and sample moisture level would be recorded. Moisture
was determined using a pre-weighed silica gel tube and dry test meter.
Sample was obtained from a vacant port on the sample manifold.
Twice per week the flow rate, temperatures, pressure, moisture
and CO- level in the duct would be measured. This involved a complete
traverse using a type "S" pitot tube and thermocouple along with the C09
check using a fyrite. Moisture determinations were made using a pre-weighed
silica gel tube with a dry gas meter and pump.
6.4 INSTRUMENT PERFOBMANCE AND MAINTENANCE
The following section presents each instrument's overall per-
formance and maintenance records for the field evaluation program. Included
are service calls, routine maintenance, malfunctions and resultant down
times for each instrument. The daily zero and span responses along with
zero and span drifts are also included as an indication of overall perfor-
mance.
82
-------
6.4.1 Environmental Research & Technology. Inc. - Stack Gas Monitor
(Model 4000)
A review of both the calibration and maintenance log and the field
data show that the ERT had chronic problems resulting in a significant amount
of lost and questionable data throughout the field program.
Instrument responses were often intermittant, reading correctly
at times and then switching suddenly to completely irrational responses.
The ERT representative was called three times spending a total of five days
at the site repairing the various malfunctions.
Beginning with the November instrument check-out, the ERT service
representative was called to replace a defective recorder and replace a
power supply apparently caused by the shorting out of a blower used to purge
the optics on the IR source unit. This blower remained inoperative for
the entire program.
ERT was called again on December 2 and 3 to repair problems
caused by overheating when the blower for the IR detector failed. These
repairs were apparently unsuccessful because the responses were still
intermittant afterward although the blower itself was repaired.
The ERT serviceman returned on December 18 to work on the
intermittant response problems but could not effect repairs.
Also, in approximately 50% of the calibration attempts, the
instrument would either not respond at all or respond erratically.
Table 24 is the calibration and maintenance log for the ERT
instrument.
6.4.2 Energetics Science Inc., Ecolyzer (Model 3100)
The initial check-out of the Ecolyzer at the Sun Oil Company
site revealed serious SO./NO interference despite the internal filter
<£ X
incorporated in the instrument. This interference was remedied with a
heavy-duty pre-filter supplied by Energetics Science Inc. and installed
on December 1, 1975. This filter, which was designed to last over a
month, had to be replaced every 2 weeks during the program.
83
-------
TABLE 24. ERT CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE
Calibration Response
Date
12/1
12/2
12/3
12/4
12/5
12/6
12/7
12/8
12/9
12/10
12/11
12/12
12/13
12/14
12/15
12/16
12/17
12/18
12/19
12/20
12/21
12/22
12/23
12/24
12/25
12/26
12/27
12/28
Time
1337
1130
1300
1230
1100
1100
1200
1130
1230
1200
1530
1400
1705
1200
1108
1300
1800
1200
1414
1520
1200
1200
1315
1058
1157
1330
(% of Full Scale)
40-97
2
30-50
6
65-70
65-72
65-70
65-7Q
^6
65-70
70
,
60-70
50-60
35
NO ROUTINE VISIT
NO ROUTINE VISIT
Maintenance Notes
ERT Rep. to repair damage
caused by shorted blower
No Cal. Response
No Cal. Response
Sample Responses Intermittant
No Cal. Response
ERT put on mag. tape
No Cal. Response
Erratic Response Intermittant
No Cal. Response
No Cal. Response
*
No Cal. Response
No Cal. Response - ERT to
repair intermittent response
problems
No Cal. Response
Erratic
No Cal. Response - Sample
Responses Intermittant
Erratic Calibration Response
No Cal. Response
84
-------
SET 1519 04 1076
TABLE 24(CONT'D) ERT CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE
Calibration Response
Date
12/29
12/30
12/31
1/1
1/2
1/3
1/4
1/5
1/6
1/7
1/8
1/9
1/10
1/11
1/12
1/13
1/14
1/15
1/16
1/17
1/18
1/19
1/20
1/21
1/22
1/23
Time
1200
1140
1100
1030
1515
1330
1200
1215
1230
1305
1113
1235
1130
1115
1230
1125
1005
1245
1245
1142
1200
(% of Full Scale)
20-50
NO ROUTINE VISIT
65
NO ROUTINE VISIT
68
34-45
50-60
35
8
17
65
60
60-70
70
70
65
NO ROUTINE VISIT
70
67
67
70-80
Maintenance Notes
Erratic Cal. Response
No Cal. Response
No Cal. Response
No Cal. Response
Stuck at 40 for 1st 20
Minutes
No Calibration
85
-------
- '"TKeTEcoTyzer had no malfunctions resulting in lost data through-
-------
m, m « r» « su oi -
FIGURE 14 COMPARISON OF ROUTINE CALIBRATIONS OF ECOLYZER
-------
TABLE 25. ECOLYZER
CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE
Date
12/1
12/2
12/3
12/4
12/5
12/6
12/7
12/8
12/9
12/10
12/11
12/12
12/13
12/14
12/15
12/16
12/17
12/18
12/19
12/20
12/21
12/22
12/23
12/24
12/25
12/26
12/27
12/28
12/29
12/30
12/31
Time
1300
1130
1300
1230
1100
1100
1200
1130
1230
1200
1530
1400
1705
1200
1108
1300
1800
1200
1345
1400
1215
1145
1230
1045
*
1230
1315
1215
1115
1110
Zero Zero Drift Span Span Drift
(Chart (% of (Chart (% of Maintenance
Units) Full Scale) Units) Full Scale) Notes
8
8
7
8
8
10
10
9
14
19/10*
«
21/10*
9
15
7
6/9*
9
10
10
10
12
5
6/6.8*
8
9
16
!
8
6.8
7.5
7.8
0
-1
+1
0
+2
0
-1
+5
+5
+11
1
+6
-8
-1
0
+1
0
0
+2
-7
+1
+1.
+1
NO
+7
NO
-8
-1.
+0.
+0.
64.5
54.0
61.0
55.0
54.0
53.0
40
59
45
81/65
i
79/65*
64
58
-
36/65*
72
65
62
67-
68
38
45.5/65.5*
2 71.8
70
ROUTINE VISIT
69
ROUTINE VISIT
63
2 60.2
7 55
3 57.2
-10.5
+7.0
-6.0
-1.0
-1.0
-13.0
+19.0
-14.0
+36.0
+14.0
-1.0
-6.0
-22.0
-7.0
-7.0
-3.0
+5.0
+1.0
-3.0
+7.5
+6.8
-1.8
-1.0
-6.0
-2.8
-5.2
+2.2
Heavy Duty S02/
NOX filter instf
Span Off Scale
Refill Humidifi<
Bottle
Replaced Heavy
Duty Filter Med:
(Zero Unstable)
Replaced Heavy
Filter Media
88
-------
TABLE 25(CONT'D) ECOLYZER
CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE
Date
1/1
1/2
1/3
1/4
1/5
1/6
1/7
1/8
1/9
1/10
1/11
1/12
1/13
1/14
1/15
1/16
1/17
1/18
1/19
1/20
1/21
1/22
1/23
Time
Zero
(Chart
Units)
Zero Drift
(% of
Full Scale)
Span
(Chart
Units)
Span Drift
(% of Maintenance
Full Scale) Notes
NO ROUTINE VISIT
1110
5
-2.8
59
+1.8
NO ROUTINE VISIT
1430
1305
1200
1200
1245
1248
9.5
15
7.5
5
5.8
6
+4.5
+15.5
-7.5
-2.5
+0.8
+0.2
41.5
39
44.5
45
50.2
47
-17.5
-2.5
+5.5 Replaced Heavy
Duty Filter Media
+0.5
+5.2
-3.2
NO ROUTINE VISIT
1125
1230
1110
1120
1040
1100
1025
6
6
7
9
7.5
7
6
0
0
+1.0
+2.0
-1.5
-0.5
-1.0
49
48
47.5
53
48
48
51.5
+2.0
-1.0
-0.5
+5.5
-5.0
0
+3.5
NO ROUTINE VISIT
1300
1300
1125
1200
1610
8
7.8
7.5
8
8
+2.0
-0.2
-0.3
+0.5
0
46
40.2
46
45
43'.2
-5.5
-5.8
+5.8
-1.0
-1.8
* Adjustment Made
Note: All span and zero drifts based on 0-1000 ppm full scale.
89
-------
Table 26 is a summary of daily calibrations and maintenance
notes. The excellent stability is shown by the almost negligible
span drift during the times not affected by the valve malfunction. The
instrument has an automatic zero that sets the baseline every five minute
cycle thereby eliminating any zero drift.
6.4.4 Beckman NDIR (Model 865)
The Beckman 865 had several problems in the field. From the
beginning of the field program, difficulties with the source balance
on this instrument were resulting in negative deflections with CO con-
centrations less than 100 ppm while responses to higher concentrations
were non-linear.
Although the sources were brought into balance by Scott personnel
on two occasions early in the program, the sources would rapidly drift out
of balance.
Significant zero and span drifts necessitated frequent adjustments.
Increases in gain, compensating for span drifts, resulted in maximum gain
control towards the end of December and proper span responses could not be
maintained.
On January 5, a Beckman service representative was called in
at which time the temperature control circuit board and detector were re-
placed. The instrument performed well afterward with the exception of
minor zero and span drift.
Table .27 is the calibration and maintenance log for the Beckman
865.
This table illustrates the zero and span drift problems apparently
resulting from the temperature controller and detector being faulty from
the beginning of the program. The temperature controller and detector
are principle components in an NDIR and the fact that they could be faulty
without the obvious need for service illustrates the need for regular
service by the manufacturer to insure reliable data.
90
-------
TABLE 26. BECKMAN 6800
CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE
Date
12/1
12/2
12/3
12/4
12/5
12/6
12/7
12/8
12/9
12/10
12/11
12/12
12/13
12/14
12/15
12/16
12/17
12/18
12/19
12/20
12/21
12/22
12/23
12/24
12/25
12/26
12/27
12/28
12/29
12/30
12/31
Time
1300
1130
1300
1230
1100
1100
1200
1130
1230
1200
1530
1400
1705
1200
1108
1300
1800
1200
1345
1400
1215
1145
1230
1045
230
1315
1215
1115
1110
Span
(650 ppm)
65.3
65.6
65.9
66
65
65
66
66
65
63
64
64
64
Span Drift
(% Full Scale)
Maintenance
Notes
65.3
63.3
63.3
63.
63.
66.8
64.
64.
63.3
.3
,3
.4
.2
.2
.0
+0.
+0.
+0.
-1.0
0
+1.0
+0.
-1.
-1.
+1.0
0
0
+1.0
-2.0
0
0
+3.5
-2.5
0
-1.0
+3.5
66.8
NO ROUTINE VISIT
63.8 -3.0
NO ROUTINE VISIT
66.3 +2.5
67.1 +0.8
67.3 +0.2
64.3 -3.0
Replaced Carrier Air Cyl.
Replaced HZ Cyl. <§ 1200
Replaced KL Cyl. due to
Leaky Regulator Valve
Adjust Slope
91
-------
TABLE 26 (CONT'D) BECKMAN 6800
CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE
Date
1/1
1/2
1/3
1/4
1/5
1/6
1/7
1/8
1/9
1/10
1/11
1/12
1/13
1/14
1/15
1/16
1/17
1/18
1/19
1/20
1/21
1/22
1/23
Time
1110
1430
1305
1200
1200
1245
1248
1125
1230
1110
1120
1040
1100
1025
1300
1300
1125
1200
1610
Span
(650 ppm)
NO ROUTINE
68.3
NO ROUTINE
67.3-74.3
75.8
75.8
85.3
69.3
70.3
NO ROUTINE
67.8
68.3
71
68.3
71.3
69.3
59.3
NO ROUTINE
64.3
63.3
66.3
66.5
67.3
Span Drift
(% Full Scale)
VISIT
+4.0
VISIT
-1.0 - +6.0
+8.1 - +1.5
0
+9.5
-1.6
+1
VISIT
-2.5
-0.5
+2.7
-2.7
+3.0
-2.0
-10.0
VISIT
+5.0
-1.0
+3.0
+0.2
+0.8
Maintenance
Notes
Erratic Gal. Flow
Slider Valve Problem
Flame Out, No Data
0100-2400
Flame Out
Flame Out, No Data
0000-1300, 1700-2400
Flame Out, No Data
All Day
Flame Out, No Data
Flame Out, No Data
Flame Out, No Data
Flame Out, No Data
0000-1200
/Erratic Cal. Flow,
Slider Valve Problem
Flame Out 1400-2400
Flame Out, No Data
Flame Out
Flame Out 0000-1300
Not Responding Well,
Flame Out 0700-2400
Beckman Rebuilt Faulty
Valve
Working Well
Working Well
NOTE: Zero readings maintained at 5.0-6.0 chart units by automatic zero
mechanism.
Span drifts based on 0-1000 ppm full scale.
92
-------
TABLE 27. BECKMAN 865
CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE
Date
12/1
12/2
12/3
12/4
12/5
12/6
12/7
12/8
12/9
12/10
12/11
12/12
12/13
12/14
12/15
12/16
12/17
12/18
12/19
12/20
12/21
12/22
12/23
12/24
12/25
12/26
12/27
12/28
12/29
12/30
12/21
Time
1300
1130
1300
1230
1000
1100
1200
1130
1230
1200
1530
1400
1705
1200
1108
1300
1800
1200
1345
1400
1215
1145
1230
1045
1230
1315
1215
1115
1110
Zero
(Chart
Units)
4
-2/5.5*
12.5/7*
8.2
8.5
7.5
14.2 .
8/7*
10
11
; -1
-1/10*
5
3.5
5.8/6*
7
7
5
7.5
20
32/10*
10
10.5
16/10*
11
21
22/10*
13.2
15.2
Zero Drift
(% of
Full Scale)
-6
+7
+1.2
+0.3
-1.0
+6.7
-6.2
+3
+1
-12
-
-5
-1.5
2.3
+1
0
-2
+2.5
+12.5
+12
0
+0.5
+5.5
NO ROUTINE
+1
NO ROUTINE
+10
+11
+2.2
+2.0
Span Span Drift
(Chart (% of Maintenance
Units) Full Scale) Notes
69.5
65/69.5*
53/70.5*
63.8
61.5
57.5
49.8
55/69.5*
69
65.2
63
58/64*
63
65
63.7/70*
67
69
71
64.5
71.5
68/73
71.5
70.3
69.8/71.5*
VISIT
65.5
VISIT
66.5
66.8/67.2*
68
64
-4.5
-16.5
-6.7
-2.3
-4.0
-7.7
+5.2
-0.5
-3.8
-2.2
-5.0
-1
+2
-1.3
-3.0
+2.0
+2.0
-6.5
+7.0
-3.5
-1.5
-1.2
-0.5
-6.0
+1.0
+0.3
+0.8
-4.0
Zero Adjust Control
At Maximum
Adjustment Of
Source Balance
Negative Response to
Low Concentration
Adjustment Of
Source Balance
"
Routine Cal . Ad j .
Adjust Zero
Adjust Zero
Adjust Zero
93
-------
TABLE 27 (CONT'D) BECKMAN 865
CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE
Date
1/1
1/2
1/3
1/4
1/5
1/6
1/7
1/8
1/9
1/10
1/11
1/12
1/13
1/14
1/15
1/16
1/17
1/18
1/19
1/20
1/21
1/22
1/23
Time
1110
1430
1305
1200
1200
1245
1248
1125
1230
1110
1120
1040
1100
1025
1300
1300
1125
1200
1610
Zero Zero Drift
(Chart (% of
Units) Full Scale)
18.5
19.5
-/10*
7.2/7.5*
5.5
5.7
5
1.5
1.2
0/4*
3
4
2.5
1.4
0.7
0.2
0.4/14.2*
12.8
12.2
NO ROUTINE
+3.3
NO ROUTINE
+1
-2.8
-2.0
+0.2
-0.7
NO ROUTINE
-3.5
-0.3
-1.2
+3
+1
-1.5
-1.1
NO ROUTINE
-0.7
-0.5
+0.2
-2.4
-0.6
Span Span Drift
(Chart (% of Maintenance
Units) Full Scale) Notes
VISIT
68.5
VISIT
68.5
-/73*
66.3/72.7*
69.5
62.8
71
VISIT
64.5
63.5
61.8/73*
70
73
71.5
67.5
.VISIT
69.3
67.8
63.6/60*
61.7
60.8
+4.5
0
-6.7
-3.2
-6.7
+8.2
-6.5
-1.0
-1.7
-3.0
+3.0
-1.5
-4.0
+1.8
-1.5
-4.2
+1.7
-0.9
Beckman Replaced
Temp. Controller
And Detector
'
Adj. Both Zero
And Span
Adjust Zero
* Adjustment Made
NOTE: Zero and span based on 1000 ppm full scale.
94
-------
Horiba NDIR (Model A1A-2. 12/1-12/19; Model A1A-21AS, 12/19-1/23)
The original Horiba NDIR (Model A1A-2) was replaced with a newer
model (A1A-21AS) on December 19 because the newer instrument is claimed to
have negligible CC^ and H_0 interference. Performance comparisons between
the two instruments can be seen both in the lab evaluation results and in the
field data summary.
Both Horiba instruments performed very well in the field. There
had been no malfunction or lost data throughout the field or lab programs
with either Horiba instrument. Both have exhibited very good zero and span
stability requiring only a few routine calibration adjustments.
Table 28 is the daily calibration! and maintenance log for the
Horiba instruments. This table shows that except for warm-up periods at
the program start and when the new Horiba NDIR was installed, both zero and
span drifts were very low.
6.5 ANCILLARY INSTRUMENTATION
6.5.1 Mine Safety Appliances (NDIR) C02 Monitor
The MSA monitor was included in the program in order to continu-
ously record levels of CO- as an interferent. Four of the five instruments
under evaluation were susceptible to C0? interference.
The MSA instrument ran continuously for the entire program with-
out malfunction or resultant lost data. Continuous C02 data is included
in the field data summary.
In addition to a record of C02 for interference purposes, the
MSA monitor proved invaluable in isolating small leaks in the sample
delivery system. _
6.5.2 Fyrite: C02 Measurement
Levels of C0? in the duct at the sampling ports were checked
Z> ,
periodically using a Fyrite. A Fyrite operates on the same principle as
an Orsat in that the specific gas is absorbed in a chemical solution
indicating the proportion of that gas in the sample.
These checks were also useful in isolating leaks in the sampling
system.
95
-------
TABLE 28. HORIBA INSTRUMENTS
CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE
Date
12/1
12/2
12/3
12/4
12/5
12/6
12/7
12/8
12/9
12/10
12/11
12/12
12/13
12/14
12/15
12/16
12/17
12/18
12/19
12/20
12/21
12/22
12/23
12/24
12/25
12/26
12/27
12/28
12/29
12/30
12/31
Time
1300
1130
1300
1230
1100
1100
1200
1130
1230
1200
1530
1400
1705
1200
1108
1300
1800
1200
1345
1400
1215
1145
1230
1045
1230
1315
1215
1115
1110
Zero
(Chart
Units)
7
0/6*
4.5
7
9.7
9
8
7.5/4.5
2.8
3
7
7
6.5
6
6/6*
6
6
6
5/6.7*
5.5
5.5
5/6*
5
5
5.5
4.5
4
4/4
3.6
Zero Drift
(% of
Full Scale)
-7
-1.5
+2.5
+2.7
-0.7
-1.0
-0.5
-1.7
+0.2
+4.0
0
-0.5
-0.5
0
0
0
0
-1.0
-1.2
0
-0.5
-1.0
0
NO ROUTINE
+0.5
NO ROUTINE
-1.0
-0.5
0
-0.4
Span Span Drift
(Chart (% of Maintenance
Units) Full Scale) Notes
67.5
56/66.2*
64.5
66.5
68.3
67
68
67.7/68.2*
63.7
63.2
70
70
69.5
69
69/66.5*
66
67
66
65/75.3*
69.5
69.5
68/75*
75.5
76.5
VISIT
74.5
VISIT
74
73.5
71.8/83
77.4 .
-11.5
-2.3
+2.0
+1.8
-1.3
+1.0
-0.3
-4.5
-0.5
+6.8
0
-0.5
-0.5
0
-0.5
+1.0
-1.0
-1.0
.
-5.8
0
-1.5
+0.5
+1.0
-2.0
-0.5
-0.5
-1.7
-5.6
Zero Adjust
Zero Adjust
Span Adjust
Horiba Model
A1A-21AS Installed
Span Adjust
Span Adjust
96
-------
TABLE 28 (CONT'D) HORIBA INSTRUMENTS
CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE
Date
1/1
1/2
1/3
1/4
1/5
1/6
1/7
1/8
1/9
1/10
1/11
1/12
1/13
1/14
1/15
1/16
1/17
1/18
1/19
1/20
1/21
1/22
1/23
Time
1110
1430
1305
1200
1200
1245
1248
1125
1230
1110
1120
1040
1120
1025
1300
1300
1125
1200
1610
Zero
(Chart
Units)
3
3
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.0
3.0
2.0
1.6
1.0 .
1.0
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.5
0
0.2
Zero Drift
(% of
Full Scale)
NO ROUTINE
-0.6
NO ROUTINE
0
-0.5
0
+0.1
-0.6
+1.0
NO ROUTINE
-1.0
-0.4
-0 . 6
0
-0.2
-0.6
+0.2
NO DATA
-0.2
+0.1
+0.2
-0.5
+0.2
Span
(Chart
Units)
VISIT
75
VISIT
75
76
78
75.6
76.5
79
VISIT
77.9
76.3
76.5
76
75.2
74
74.4
76.3
25.7
71.5
72.5
72.5
Span Drift
(% of Maintenance
Full Scale) Notes
-2.4
0
+1.0
+2.0
-2.4
+0.9
+2.5
-1.1
-1,6
+0.2
-0.5
-0.8
-1.2
+0.4
+1.9
-0.6
-4.2
+1.0
0
* Adjustment Made
NOTE: Zero and span based on 1000 ppm full scale.
97
-------
6.5.3 Flow Measuring Equipment
Duet flow rates were determined periodically using a calibrated
type "S" pitot tube and magnehelic differential pressure gauge. Tempera-
tures were measured with chrome-alumel thermocouple and pyrometer.
6.5.4 Moisture Determination Equipment
Moisture levels were usually determined twice weekly in the
stack and daily in the instrument trailer. Equipment used at the stack
consisted of a stainless steel probe, pre-weighed silica gel tube, cali-
brated dry test meter and sample pump. Equipment used in the trailer was
identical with the exception that a pump was unnecessary because the sample
was under pressure at this point.
Moisturedata, is included with the field data summary.
6.6 DATA LOGGER TRANSLATION
Each Westinghouse data logger contained two data channels and
one time channel. The circuitry converted the output voltage of each
analyzer to a continuous record of data pulses. Translation of these
pulses into parts per million carbon monoxide was done by computer,
utilizing two factors which had to be calculated and entered into the tape
translation program. These factors are referred to as "multiplier" and
"zero adjust" factors.
Multiplier factors were used to convert raw pulses to ppm.
These factors are equal to the range of the instrument in ppm divided by
the range of the data logger which was 1500 pulses per 15 minute interval.
Zero adjust factors allow for a positive voltage output from the instrument
equalling 0 ppm CO to be translated as 0 ppm rather than some value analogous
to the pulse rate for that positive voltage. This condition was maintained
in order to record negative zero drifts. These zero adjust factors would
then be a function of the 0 ppm instrument output and the multiplier factor.
98
-------
Due to instrument drift affecting the full scale range of each
instrument, these values were computed daily based on each day's span
results. Therefore, span or zero drifts occurring after the entrance of
multiplier and zero adjust factors was not compensated for until the
next day's factors were entered. The most accurate data comparisons can
therefore be made shortly after the entrance of new zero and multiplier
factors.
All logger data presented is based on an average of the last
three quarters of every hour. This was necessary because during the first
quarter of every hour the sampling system automatically routed nitrogen
zero gas to each instrument for 3 minutes. The first quarterly segment
is, therefore, biased because 3 minutes of zero were included in that
quarter's average.
In making data comparisons, it is also important to note that
data logger translation was based on daily instrument responses to cali-
bration with 650 ppm CO. Based on this single point, the computer trans-
lates all data over the 0-1000 ppm range linearly. Therefore, non-linearity
in an instrument's calibration curve is not accounted for. This is illus-
trated by the typical NDIR calbration curve shown in Figure 15. This
discrepancy could have been minimized by using linearizing circuits which
are available as optional accessories for both NDIRs in the program.
99
-------
100
200
400 600
PPM CO IN N0
800
1000
FIGURE 15 BECKMAN 865 CALIBPATION CURVE
100
-------
6.7 FIELD DATA SUMMARY
The following data summary sheets contain hourly averages of the
continuous field data for each instrument in the program. In addition, a
continuous record of C02 levels and all ancillary data collected including
sample and duct moistures, duct flows, temperatures and pressures and
sample and process upset notes are presented.
Data for the Beckman 6800 and MSA C0_ monitors were read from
continuous strip charts. The Horiba NDIR, Beckman NDIR, ERT and Ecolyzer
data were obtained from two Westinghouse data loggers. The ERT and Horiba
NDIR were on one logger and the Ecolyzer and Beckman NDIR were on the other.
Each logger could record a month of data on a tape cartridge. Tape cartridges
were installed on December 1 and on December 31. Each tape also had a time
channel that received a pulse every 15 minutes. The time coordination of
these loggers remained within one 15-minute segment throughout the program.
101
-------
DATA SUMMARY'"" -. - .-
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/1/75
Trailer Temperature: 80
Sample Moisture: 0;56%
Barometric Pressure: 30.04
Ambient Temperature: 48°
1
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
. 2300
2400
ERT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ecolyzer
'
559
527
511
511
509
530
526
514
514
511
Beckiaan
6300
575
585
565
555
560 '
580
595
592
582
572
Beckiaan
NDIR
618
607
591
584
576
594
591
580
578
574
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR COj Interruption Notes
13-14%
618
579
552
539
526
543
536
519
515
507
.
".
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F « Frozen Sample Line
L » Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I » Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D - #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): 145,579
Duct Moisture: 9.3%
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/2/75
Trailer Temperature: 78
Sample Moisture: 0.60%
Barometric Pressure: 30.14
Ambient Temperature: 48°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
Ecolyzer
508
396
432
472
462
465
453
445
437
417
387
336
476
513
524
516
528
731
740
758
745
725
680
Beckman
6800
572
572
573
562
537
555
544
548
554
544
474
481
456
492
512
502
502
711
741
799
759
717
700
Beckman
NDIR
577
569
418
533
525
518
511
503
499
472
445
509
497
539
538
521
525
. 694
691
700
680
668
629
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR CO- Interruption Notes
512 13-14%
510
483
476
471
461
461
457
457
430
398
553
536
586
590
580
589
776
780
796
786
763
721
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F - Frozen. Sample Line
L Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 - #1 Boiler Down
2 - #2 Boiler Down
D » #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): 151,591
Duct Moisture: 9.2%
-------
: DATA SUMMARY
FIELD.EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/3/75
Trailer Temperature: 80
Sample Moisture: 0.64%
Barometric Pressure: 30.11
Ambient Temperature: 36°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Becknan Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
0 661 651 611 706 13-14%
0 657 706 619 720
0 592 679 597 702
0 591 639 573 680
0 587 609 570 678
0 591 654 581 691
0 556 ' 639 565 677
0 517 619 559 679
0 436 421 278 402
D
0 177 123 95 193 13
0 648 484 614 12
0 74 124 112 13-14% J,
0 217 223 220 278
0 251 223 223 234
0 220 213 193 253
0 318 242 306 368
0 351 331 335 398
0 403 360 385 453
0 360 322 340 407
0 341 312 321 386
0 344 312 331 395
0 345 342 330 396
.
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I - Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): 141,779
Duct Moisture: 9.0%
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Dace: 12/4/75
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture: 0.47
Barometric Pressure: 30.40
Ambient Temperature: 32°
I Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
I 0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR O>2 Interruption Notes
0 350 320 340 404 13-14%
0 358 319 350 416
0 364 349 324 424
0 330 310 320 385
0 337 309 327 393
0 320 320 311 378
0 328 ' 331 322 391
0 342 330 336 411
0 335 341 326 408
0 309 311 293 381
0 269 251 249 344
0
0
D2
0 465 432 464 533 11
0 426 412 430 498 11
0 460 478 454 530 11
0 319 236 300 393 13-14
0 362 303 348 445
0 165 117 ' 123 236
0 189 226 149 258
0 138 79 86 199
0 201 139 168 282
0 275 273 254 359
0 285 206 270 375
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F «= Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I » Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 * #1 Boiler Down
2 - #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): 145,405
Duct Moisture: 8.7%
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/5/75
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture: 0.47%
Barometric Pressure: 30.38
Ambient Temperature: 42°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0300
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
0 286 253 288 395 13-14% D2
0 335 291 325 430
0 348 283 333 437
0 390 291 373 467
0 231 273 197 306
0 261 263 227 332
0 171 224 139 255
0 265 214 238 352
0 322 214 293 410
0 335 271 304 423
0 353 251 311
0
0
0
0 258 213 172 278
0 430 303 351 444
0 463 383 393 482
0 452 383 380 474
0 444 383 371 468
0 447 383 373 472
0 457 393 381 479
0 469 403 392 492
0 492 423 416 511
0 490 423 415 510
'
i
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I - Other Sample Flow Interriiptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 - //2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): 115,862
Duct Moisture: 9.6%
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/6/75
Trailer Temperature: 80
Sample Moisture: -
Barometric Pressure: 30.17
Ambient Temperature: 45°
Hour
Ending
0100
020C .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
! 1SOO
ISiQO
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
0 481 403 406 501 13-14%
0 459 413 386 484
0 461 413 388 486
0 461 403 387 485
0 463 403 388 488
0 469 413 396 496
0 461 413 389 490
0 505 453 436 534
0 503 463 439 538
0 513 473 437 541
0
0
0
0 672 585 558 646
0 354 244 275 378
0 767 544 485 547
0 326 274 244 360
0 322 283 244 360
0 327 275 250 376
0 325 284 246 370
0 342 273 261 381
0 340 273 260 378
0 333 263 267 368
0 260 215 188 315
m
,
«y
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 - #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture:
-------
. , '' DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/7/75
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture:
Barometric Pressure: 30.32
Ambient Temperature: 37°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1SOO
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ecolyzer
324
330
328
346
343
350
373 '
353
367
380
357
351
364
305
320
357
375
408
431
429
441
396
Beckman
6800
275
273
295
293
305
315
334
324
357
345
324
323
265
283
264
273
273
303
323
333
343
293
Beckman
NDIR
257
267
265
285
284
327
322
302
325
336
311
309
180
997
170
181
205
240
264
262
275
221
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR C0_ Interruption Notes
370 13-14%
379 '
377
397
393
401
425
408
426
433
415
415
349
482
331
336
356
379
398
397
407
369
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Snmple Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I - Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARSON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/8/75
Trailer Temperature: 74
Sample Moisture: 0.71%
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature:
30.22
34°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300"
1400
1500
1600
1700
1300
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
0 391 303 222 371 13-14%
0 390 303 219 369
0 390 293 220 371
0 389 303 224 376
0 399 313 231 379
0 379 303 204 362
0 332 ' 273 153 330
0 326 263 146 326
0 ' 321 253 137 320
0 326 253 144 326
0 309 263 122 311
0
0
0 335 153 274 243
0 180 136 173 168
0 190 136 180 164
0 168 116 171 140
0 187 96 168 128
0 158 116 180 131
0 153 96 179 124
0 155 106 185 124
0 843 480 670 603
D2
.
0 451 390 366 371 12
0 153 96 181 105 12 J
s
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Motes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 « #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D - #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): 150,853
Duct Moisture: 9.5%
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/9/75
Trailer Temperature: 75
Sample Moisture: 1.60%
Barometric Pressure: 29.89
Ambient Temperature: 45°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0300
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400'
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
0 142 96 183 104 12% D2
0 184 96 207 128
0 ' 206 136 239 155
0 230 126 263 170
0 222 146 260 160
0 272 204 311 209
0 371 ' 323 403 293
0 250 185 280 178
0 ' 263 243 296 196
0 274 223 305 207
0 272 243 286 188
0 258 217 297 206
251 233 236 313 319
230 227 217 267 251
554 503 447 491 521 i;
335 371 427 355 348
404 470 357 441 46
406 1475 327 ' 463 552
242 951 267 291 316
594 647 207 238 245
59 532 177 225 214
59 488 177 240 219
60 426 147 224 189
V*
,
-14%
'
Noce: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F « Frozen Sample Line
L " Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I » Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 " #2 Boiler Down
D - #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): 125,915
Duct Moisture: 9.1%
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/10/75
Trailer Temperature: 82
Sample Moisture: 0.61%
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature:
29.70
43°
^ ^^^i^*p«*w^*
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
59 406 146 228 184 13-14%
60 . 397 127 227 179'
90 377 137 221 173
164 362 127 204 173
167 350 147 211 197
177 371 147 221 179
174 297 ' 127 210 162
167 323 117 204 168
375 754 147 335 381
277 693 367 260 254
241 823 257 286 255
D2
184 303 193 232 215 13
149 193 140 153 130 11
180 214 193 228 202 11
359 258 253 391 ' 429 11
313 220 253 296 313 13-14%
494 495 396 538 616
560 634 503 551 649
630 362 460 419 507
691 649 560 561 684
604 577 553 564 699
712 664 586 637 784
459 390 356 410 553
2
1
|
D2
I
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L » Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I « Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D » #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): 122,310
Duct Moisture: 9.4%
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/11/75
Trailer Temperature: 82
Sample Moisture: 0.73%
Barometric Pressure: 30.07
Ambient Temperature: 40
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
.ERT
774
911
552
1038
892
822
778
794
449
613
808
819
806
796
789
762
746
775
769
784
759
764
765
Ecolyzer
687
808
439
850
843
848
854
855
852
845
836
836
827
818
817
687
756
756
756
756
755
752
754
Beckman
6800
536
506
440
1000+
936
873
833
853
833
813
798
774
764
745
725
693
703
713
723
723
723
703
713
Beckman
NDIR
595
628
360
848
756
704
684
680
657
642
619
608
584
571
546
644
681
691
693
686
685
673
678
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
818 13-14% D2
808
526
1126
1019
968
961
967
953
948
927
924
901
897
872.
723
746
758
765
760
759
745
748
1
4-
.
K3
llotez Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): 152,292
Duct Moisture: 8.4%
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L » Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I « Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 » #1 Boiler Down
2 - #2 Boiler Down
D = 92 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/12/75
Trailer Temperature: 82
Sample Moisture: 0.86%
Barometric Pressure: 30.38
Ambient Temperature: 42
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0'4CO
0500
0600
07CO
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400.
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
108
60
571
602
735
217
61
214
257
638
415
321
48
59
61
504
720
739
728
721
703
693
699
Ecolyzer
753
753
752
753
746
726
732 '
717
667
627
598
585
564
515
549
622
633
650
643
634
611
597
599
Beckman
6800
713
683
692
693
651
621
652
622
612
582
571
550
541
525
525
575
595
625
625
615
596
575
595
Beckman
NDIR
673
658
' 659
664
629
599
620
604
584
558
531
522
572
512
551
607
614
623
622
619
603
604
612
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
743 13-14%
729
735
740
701
671
698
682
667
651
628
617
604
548.
5S7
649
661
674
669
667
650
644
647
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F - Frozen Sample Line
L " Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I - Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 #1 Boiler Down
2 - #2 Boiler Down
D - #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): . 152,027
Duct Moisture: 8.1%
-------
DATA SUMMARY .
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/13/75
Trailer Temperature: 86
Sample Moisture: -
Barometric Pressure: 30.57
Ambient Temperature: 46°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
05CO
0700
0800
C900
1000 .
11CO
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
705
719
735
751
746
722
680
662
661
546
173
139
263
557
478
657
390
343
68
154
90
64
63
Ecolyzer
596
611
618
631
633
605
576 '
566
559
566
528
425
478
581
571
580
670
774
767
737
696
626
580
Beckman
6800
595
615
615
635
645
625
595
585
575
595
556
476
506
625
616
586
647
709 '
699
608
588
588
568
Beckman
NDIR
615
628
630
633
629
605
582
571
562
570
533
447
506
587
578
563
598
691
671
606
601
598
588
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
651 13-14%
666
674
688
690
663
646
642
638
651
620
524
592
682
677
688
687
753
732
656
642
639
628
.
.
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F » Frozen Sample Line
L » Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 » #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D - #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture: -
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Dates 12/14/75
Trailer Temperature: 80C
Sample Moisture: -
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature:
30.44
46°
Hour
Ending
0100
C200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300"
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
HVI~WMIWW^rt<^^^^«*-»M
ERT
62
62
62
63
64
64
63
61
59
56
57
55
55
55
54
55
55
54
54
54
54
^^kWHM^fe AMhv^tart
Ecolyzer
490
467
445
441
429
415
408 '
400
394
373
349
349
337
331
324
314
316
311
300
292
281
mtm^****mm~*mm*ll*m*l*li^m*m*m**lr^m**im*mii*-
Becktnan
6800
517
506
496
496
506
496
506
506
526
506
498
422
421
431
431
431
441
441
441
441
441
Beckman
NDIR
539
538
529
535
536
534
532
530
538
538
527
471
470
477
478
473
483
489
490
491
491
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
572 13-14%
572
570
579
578
575
580
577
580
567
551
505
510
518
522
521
529
534
533
529
525
HWVM«IM-VM»MIIMIIIWA
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/15/75
Trailer Temperature: 80
Sample Moisture: 0.5%
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature:
29.97
51°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0300
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
55
55
54
53
52
46
44
" 44
44
47
43
53
44
44
43
43
43
43
44
43
45
43
Ecolyzer
267
263
253
240
233
231
229
224
222
207
192
485
491
473
469
460
462
467
471
479
480
473
Beckman
6800
421
421
421
401
401
401
421
412
421
394
382
394
384
379
374
351
351
356
362
367
368
36.4
Beckman
NDIR
485
487
481
472
473
481
489
497
497
478
453
494
486
470
460
449
440
431
422
439
456
460
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR C0_ Interruption Notes
518 13-14%
520'
511
500
497
502
504
509
513
494
472
482
476
467
464
454
454
455
456
460
456
456
.
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F » Frozen Sample Line
L » Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I « Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = //I Boiler Down
2 « #2 Boiler Down
D <= #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): 153,414
Duct Moisture: 8.8%
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/16/75
Trailer Temperature: 85
Sample Moisture: 0.55%
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature:
29.97
43°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
oaoo
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
j 2300
2400
ERT
44
44
44
44
138
292
160
"134
269
291
278
266
253
259
272
216
130
83
74
265
277
292
Ecolyzer
459
441
453
452
455
455
448
454
494
469
450
462
390
392
403
409
414
425
424
425
434
444
Beckman
6800
353
343
353
348
348
353
353
353
374
364
353
364
350
350
365
369
377
388
389
388
410
421
Beckman
NDIR
450
434
443
441
445
443
438
432
450
425
409
422
441
434
429
439
450
459
466
479
496
508
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR C0_ Interruption Notes
448 13-14%
434
440
437
444
444
434
439
469
450
436
444
443 No Ink
449
462
469
475
482
483
489
498
506
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): 151,700
Duct Moisture: 8.5%
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F « Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I «= Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D - #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/17/75
Trailer Temperature: 80
Sample Moisture:
Barometric Pressure: 30.10
Ambient Temperature: 39
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
159
78
226
99
110
167
116
" 43
43
43
43
49
43
44
43
44
44
62
279
143
256
241
216
Ecolyzer
454
444
441
437
442
456
470 '
489
551
548
535
537
536
513
497
489
480
503
543
553
531
505
492
Beckman
6800
432
422
422
423
442
474
484
504
545
525
525
534
514
493
472
473
473
477
487
499
477
456
446
Beckman
NDIR
521
515
521
524
534
550
560
574
623
613
590
581
575
554
536
530
532
482
580
524
511
497
486
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
516 No Ink
509
513
515
522
538
555
572
626
622
610
610
607
587
572
568 "
.
569 13-14%
575
566
574
557
541
531
00
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = //2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm)i
Duct Moisture:
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/18/75
Trailer Temperature: -
Sample Moisture: 0.41%
Barometric Pressure: 29.88
Ambient Temperature: 30°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
209
198
224
191
85
17
4
0
0
0
0
380
634
655
662
690
671
688
655
660
653
Ecolyzer
489
485
483
480
472
463
465 '
481
511
523
529
652
658
578
583
571
523
588
590
597
593
Beckman
6800
446
446
436
436
435
426
436
446
477
486
498
549
529
489
492
492
504
520
520
532
532
Beckman
NDIR
490
491
' 491
490
483
474
471
481
503
512
520
585
565
515
523
515
518
532
536
545
546
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR C0» Interruption Notes
519 13-14%
524
521
516
510
593
509
513
544
551
562
627
619
559
564
561
566
585
593
: 598
604
'
..
I
I
I
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I - Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): 149,053
Duct Moisture: 7.76%
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION 'OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/19/75
Trailer Temperature: 60
Sample Moisture: -
Barometric Pressure: 30.23
Ambinet Temperature: 22°
Hour
Er.ding
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1COO
1100
1200
| 1300
I 1400
1SOO
1600
1700
ISOO
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckraan Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
623 594 531 551 605 13-14%
652 621 613 605 : 662
622 594 633 511 677
619 560 613 609 679
623 531 592 586 651
608 537 592 571 637
. 635 460 603 570 636
636 . 508 633 594 663
625 634 588 676
659 617 568 662
641 603 564 663
644 476 517 645
649 699 544 690 563
643 711 552 685 582
640 730 563 697 587
631 441 562 471 321
571 56 563 ' 180 83 0% D2
593 54 3
580 49 3
244 ' 2 514 89 15
74 495 64 14
89 106 580 381 220 13% j
NJ
O
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm):
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak, in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = //I Boiler Down
2 = //2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/20/75
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture:
72
Barometric Pressure: 30.21
Ambient Temperature: 32
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
03 no
0900
1000
1100
1200
13CO
1400
1500"
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
114
167
484
450
560
556
- 553
544
541
553
444
354
330
376
20
29
26
29
31
51
45
40
41
Beckcian
Ecolyzer 6800
-30
-32
-34
-35
-36
-37
-38 '
-39 514
81 484
24 514
335 514
651 474
692
548
57
-
-
-
-
«!
*
Beckman
NDIR
81
83
87
93
100
106
112
118
584
406
592
767
763
561
6
5
11
17
24
29
33
38
43
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
7 0% D2
6
6
4
4
4
3
3
419 13%
238 0-13%
412 13-14%
549
545
547
17 0%
14
14
15
15
16
17
17
16
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture: -
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I «= Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = //2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/21/75
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture:
72"
Barometric Pressure: 30.10
Ambient Temperature: 31°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400"
1500
1600
1700
3800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
28 - 47 16 0% D2
46 - 54 19'
42 - 60 19
29 - 65 19
26 - 70 17
357 - 74 16
- 20 - 80 15
21 - 85 13
427 - 89 12
461 - 93 13
461 - 97 13
447 60 212 145
13-14% N
193 415 355 391 462
182 387 335 378 453
169 341 315 346 414
427 339 315 361 434
450 373 376 407 483
425 361 376 405 480
477 368 396 422 498
538 316 345 376 448
530 292 335 359 431
554 275 315 350 426
564 258 315 345 421
to
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F « Frozen Sample Line
L Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfra):
Duct Moisture:
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/22/75
Trailer Temperature: 76°
Sample Moisture:
Barometric Pressure: 29.83
Ambient Temperature: 28
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR C0_ Interruption Notes
565 250 315 348 423 13-14%
548 , 246 325 356 434
506 260 376 386 466
451 255 416 407 496
422 256 406 437 521
388 227 366 404 477
365 206 366 391 464
342 185 376 392 468
321 114 405 479 321
297 270 566 608 ,
D2
I
336 167 407 426
321 124 47 8
363 40 75 61 13-14% *
350 136 161 152
420 164 127 79 172
434 180 127 11 173
412 183 127 ' 28 172
411 194 137 64 182
419 202 137 94 187
415 201 127 108 183
476 201 137 125 183
486 203 147 138 184
^ ^
NS
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L " Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I « Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = //I Boiler Down
2 - #2 Boiler Down
D #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/23/75
Trailer Temperature: 74
Sample Moisture: 0.63%
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature:
29.96
31°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0500
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
474
476
463
462
466
476
501
504
521
493
495
482
167
32
0
5
72
203
238
72
131
188
75
Ecolyzer
214
214
221
220
221
220
223
226
234
237
241
248
133
134
166
166
166
162
152
162
155
155
282
Beckman
6800
147
137
147
147
147
136
157
147
157
147
159
147
Beckman
NDIR
159
165
177
177
186
188
192
190
196
201
209
213
147
165
200
197
199
197
196
205
199
206
339
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
196 13-14%
193
198
192
198
197
197
196
205
207
211
213
148
158
185
182
183
178
172
197
168
169
336
,
N)
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes: F = Frozen Sample Line
(does not apply to ERT) L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I - Other Sample Flow Interruptions
Duct Flow (acfm): 141,094
Duct Moisture: 7.9%
** Process Upset Notes:
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = //2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/24/75
Trailer Temperature: 75
Sample Moisture: 0.71%
Barometric Pressure: 30.40
Ambient Temperature: 22°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0400
0700
OSOO
0900
1000
1100
12CO
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO- Interruption Notes
12 348 379 372 13-14%
67 358 380 375
0 365 385 377
0 360 380 375
8 368 385 382
63 363 384 382
I
249 51 90 70%'
371 19 62 6 0%
378 106 256 213 13-14%
279 213 379 354
277
291 275 292 312 326
355 214 294 262
, 399 364 304 362 389
439 381 304 357 389
467 369 293 352 388
518 345 292 354 391
409 336 294 356 394
442 244 304 358 390
458 165 304 362 395
382 203 314 371 401
370 321 304 372 402
347 373 304 374 396
338 385 314 381 405
\ f
,
Cn
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I » Other Sanple Flow Interruptions
1 = //I Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture: -
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF QARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/25/75
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture:
Barometric Pressure: 30.38
Ambient Temperature: 26°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0300
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckmaa Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO- Interruption Notes
355 377 314 377 399 13-14%
337 376 304 375 402
427 372 294 369 398
476 376 294 372 402
472 359 304 370 399
427 382 314 377 405
360 382 ' 304 376 404
316 379 314 376 406
361 385 314 379 409
388 385 314 375 407 ,
D2
408 151 314 185 119 0%
460 20 44 7
482 9 22 6
477 9 34 30
463 7 37 19
448 3 31 9
436 7 57 32
488 2 40 9 \
»
446 299 294 ' 380 380 13-14%
404 351 305 386 392
376 371 305 385 395
375 364 395 376 384
380 372 305 382 389
376 381 395 386 392
to
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes: F
(does not apply to ERT) L
Frozen Sample Line
Leak in System; Diluted Sample
Other Sample Flow Interruptions
Duct Flow (acfm):
Duct Moisture: -
** Process Upset Notes:
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 - #2 Boiler Down
D = //2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/26/75
Trailer Temperature: -
Sample Moisture: 0.64%
Barometric Pressure: 29.75
Ambient Temperature: 43°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
379
321
566
790
783
636
416
41
43
43
43
48
50
44
. 42,
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
Ecolyzer
377
380
384
400
413
403
284
299
468
508
303
261
114
177
168
154
165
167
130
150
150
147
149
Beckman
6800
305
305
395
315
315
325
315
382
362
382
217
198
217
197
197
175
Beckman
NDIR
380
379
379
385
392
399
385
441
434
426
277
260
249
255
259
253
247
248
216
239
246
255
259
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
385 13-14%
388
395
401
401
418
417
471
477
476
308
294
273
273
275
264
257
254
216
241
245
246
245
N)
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes: F - Frozen Sample Line
(does not apply to ERT) L - Leak in System; Diluted Saraple
I » Other Sample Flow Interruptions
Duct Flow (acfm): 143,352
Duct Moisture: 10.4%
** Process Upset Notes:
1 = //I Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D - #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date:12/27/75
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture:
Barometric Pressure: 29.88
Ambient Temperature: 37
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0600
0900
10 00
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
ISO'O
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
42
48
58 '
60
35
41
51
48
49
50
50
49
45
43
Ecolyzer
143
151
155
150
143
106
89
81
44
61
102
72
61
72
87
84
56
57
77
82
49
39
30
28
Beckman
6800
165
175
174
" 174
175
164
163
155
155
154
153
154
145
145
133
135
135
130
130
135
125
125
125
135
Beckman
NDIR
257
263
' 268
262
255
256
253
246
234
246
243
236
226
225
221
228
226
227
216
218
210
222
229
238
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
241 13-14%
245 1
255
248 {
244 No Ink
243
230
221
209
227
219
221
212
213
203
204
196
200
187
188
178
182
182
187
.
S3
00
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfra):
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I * Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = //I Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = //2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/28/75
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture: -
Barometric Pressure: 30.23
Ambient Temperature: 31
Hour
Ending
0100
C200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1-300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2] 00
2.200
2300
2400
i
ERT
47
43
48
48
35
37
36
50
45
42
47
48
21
11
15
43
53
42
22
46
50
39
18
Ecolyzer
21
23
15
25
25
32
26 '
26
11
-
1
7
- 14
69
54
48
36
41
55
56
58
58
64
Beckaian
6800
125
119
114
125
119
114
119
114
124
124
125
129
134
69
89
104
99
118
119
118
119
121
120
Beckman
NDIR
234
235
231
242
237
243
246
246
245
233
254
260
269
94
119
111
115
137
107
156
163
163
170
Horiba
NDIR
178
171
164
175
171
168
169
167
166
167
171
180
168
120
147
163
163
184
186
179
177
174
178
Sample* Process **
MSA Delivery Upset
CO. Interruption Notes
No Ink
!
6.3%
8
10
12
12
No Ink
,
NJ
V0
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm):
Duct Moisture: -
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does noc apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F » Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D " #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/29/75
Trailer Temperature: 80
Sample Moisture:
Barometric Pressure: 30.40
Ambient Temperature: 34
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0500
0700
OSOO
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1300
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
22
23
33
46
44
48
157
111
31
22
59
46
156 ,
' 11
28
46
44
13
41
48
47
46
37
40
Ecolyzer
57
57
77
81
85
72
88
86
71
71
72
93
22
28
59
63
62
63
61
59
59
59
Beckman
6800
120
115
189
194
214
204
115
110
120
115
110
130
25
66
60
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
Beckman
NDIR
168
164
247
264
290
278
286
275
281
276
275
293
18
34
75
83
80
80
78
80
85
90
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
176 No Ink
172
259
270
293
278
283
278
289
285
388
307
I
'
.
11 I
27
61
70
68
65
64
63
61
62
10
O
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I « Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = //I Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture: -
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 12/30/75
Trailer Temperature: 76
Sample Moisture: 1.1%
Barometric Pressure: 30^19
Ambient Temperature: 36
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
44
45
34
32
46
20
28
29
27
45
50
52
45
49
54
41
46
40
44
46
26
37
50
50
Ecolyzer
56
57
59
59
58
58
58
58
57
56
53
76
80
86
87
87
85
55
49
45
44
44
43
Beckman
6800
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
49
50
45
55
65
65
65
65
65
29
29
29
29
29
29
Beckman
NDIR
90
91
89
94
97
98
101
100
96
92
88
80
85
94
98
100
101
53
52
47
50
52
55
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
59 No Data
61
58
62
63
61
63
60
58
59
56
74
75
81
82
80
80
37
37
36
39
40
41
*
U)
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I » Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = //I Boiler Down
2 - #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): 131,577
Duct Moisture: -
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Dace: 12/31/75
Trailer Temperature: 82
Sample Moisture: 0.86%
Barometric Pressure: 29.85
Ambient Temperature: 40
Hour
I Ending
! 0100
| 0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
~1300~
L4CO
1500
90
1700
1800
1900
20GO
2.100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
50
53
52
50
49
45
42
42
11
34
49
25
5
13
4
9
4
23
56
58
59
189
631
Ecolyzer
42
43
45
42
44
43
43
45
44
55
74
71
64
53
42
45
49
53
55
70
61
Beckman
6800
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
31
82
51
51
41
41
41 '
41
51
51
51
31
Beckman
NDIR
56
61
65
64
65
64
64
67
65
78
110
76
82
71
63
66
74
79
87
114
105
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
40 No Data
42
43
39
42
41
39
43
43
0
51
97
57
73
53
43
47
51
53
58
80
61
.
co
KJ
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I - Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow Cacfm): -
Duct Moisture: -
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Dcite: 1/1/76
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture:
Barometric Pressure: 29.91
Ambient Temperature: 34°
Hour
; Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
07CO
0800
CSCO
iOOO
1 100
1200
1300
1400
liOO
1FOO
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
565
556
541
530
514
529
526
576
589
603
602
604
604
599
613
611
601
609
468
296
483
601
591
585
Ecolyzer
64
70
70
77
88
85
95
109
97
114
123
125
118
104
162
104
99
88
82
99
91
90
108
124
Beckraan
6800
51
62
51
51
51
61
61-
82
82
72
112
61
83
73
102
92
62
52
72
73
83
62
73
103
Beckman
NDIR
111
118
119
130
140
137
149
164
146
173
176
173
L68
148
206
145
146
136
132
154
147
148
171
190
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR CO- Interruption Notes
60 No Data
63
65
81
91
86
91
103
94
119
121
119
115
94
153
103
98
84
81
105
92
89
109
131
1
w
Mote: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture: -
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F * Frozen Sample Line
L « Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I » Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = //2 Boiler Down
D » #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/2/76
Trailer Temperature: 60
Sample Moisture: «6
Barometric Pressure: 30.26
Ambient Temperature: 38°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
4U J\/v
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckraan Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR G02 Interruption Notes
557 175 113 231 170 No Data
561 193 143 253 189 '
567 191 123 248 181
569 155 113 209 142
575 152 133 208 143
535 156 113 215 148
542 43 10 74
552 17 10 49
548 12 10 44
527 112 us 183 121
492 24 _ 185 122
.
F
*
9% i/
73 90 77 61 53
94 130 87 127 119
114 158 97 150 141
120 166 117 146 139
91 124 87 107 94
96 125 69 HI 102
101 135 87 121 114
88 139 107 126 119
74 157 107 148 136
111 165 77 156 144
114 161 108 1^8 136
F
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): 119.117
Duct Moisture: 11.6
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F » Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/3/76
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture:
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature:
29.90
35°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0300
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
112
108
109
94
88
48
31
62
6
9
14
33
57
8
16
109
119
104
109
105
90
80
86
88
Ecolyzer
157
148
155
143
153
164
171
173
166
179
175
154
139
141
146
147
150
140
138
122
107
105
103
105
Beckman
6800
87
87
108
98
98
118
108
128
118
108
127
87
77
97
86
96
106
87
68 '
68
39
50
45
50
Beckman
NDIR
147
135
142
123
134
125
147
99
124
160
143
126
109
113
121
121
123
104
92
64
40
44
48
51
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
139 9%
126
139
122
135
146
162
156
148
172
150
132
116
116
125
128
133
116
.
111 ?%
92 6%
61
59
56
58
co
Note: Routine calibration times arc underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm):
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L " Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I «= Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 - #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/4/76
Trailer Temperature: 72
Sample Moisture: -
Barometric Pressure: 30.02
Ambient Temperature: 28
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
3.200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
87
88
101
103
73
60
56
42
47
37
52
52
56
245
48
59
123
562
536
527
550
556
Ecolyzer
99
101
107
126
109
104
110
109
-18
114
120
116
121
92
83
88
90
91
88
78
61
66
Beckman
6800
40
40
40
50
69
40
40
40
50
50
60
69
50
.
-
46
46
63
90
90
100
80
63
Beckican
NDIR
44
47
57
90
72
65
75
53
73
76
85
76
89
76
65
92
111
125
142
136
78
105
Horiba
NDIR
47
49 '
59
88
58
51
59
51
68
64
71
58
75
74
64
94
114
125
140
139
75
106
Sample* Process **
MSA Delivery Upset
CO. Interruption Notes
6%,
1
9%
.
.
11%
i
10%
1
1
oo
ON
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm):
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not. apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F - Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I « Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D - 112 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/5/76
Trailer Temperature: 68
Sample Moisture:
Barometric Pressure: 30.41
Ambient Temperature: 23°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
43500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400.
1500
lt>00
1700
1SOO
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 63CO NDIR NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
541 64 63 105 110 10%
517 63 73 108 115
537 56 74 74 79
567 57 56 79 86
588 50 64 51 54
614 53 73 72 76
594 44 ' 46 45 50
571 45 26 56 58
585 48 36 65 67 ^
595 45 36 59 61 13-14%
488 46 46 55 52
384 34 36 19 190
185 - 35 27 48
0 35 30 53
0 - 45 26 53
0 35 26 53
0 45 34 60
0 - 55 36 61
0 - 55 33 58
0 45 30 58
0 - 25-9
0 35 25 53
F
V
F
co
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm):
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F » Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/6/76
Trailer Temperature: 68
Sample Moisture: -57
Barometric Pressure: 30.49
Ambient Temperature: 24°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0300
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO. Interruption Notes
3 - 45 24 54 13-14% F
3 - 35 21 53
19 35 22 58
8 - 45 18 60
9 - 45 22 57
29 - 55 26 68
30 14 ' 45 30 70
34 23 62 37 76
37 8 55 38 76
36 14 55 42 79
62 2 - 41 75
,
|
i
I
o
10% F
57 34 46 45
54 77 34 46 44
63 69 34 53 51
91 104 54 94 93
70 68 47 45
73 71 53 53
74 73 55 54
75 72 53 51
64 62 45 41
66 61 34 42 46
66 58 34 42 43
oo
00
Note: Routine, calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): 123.229
Duct Moisture: 9.3
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F - Frozen Sample Line
L " Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/7/76
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture:
Barometric Pressure: 30.10
Ambient Temperature: 29°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
i2oq_
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
69 61 34 45 49 No Ink
63 56 Flame Out 40 45
66 59
66 52
68 49
70 48
72 47
68 45
60 43
36 45
42 40
72 86
73 80
81 95
73 91
78 85
86 99
70 76
75 77
81 87
80 85
86 79
43 51
35 43
30 38
30 38
30 40
28 35
26 31
27 32
23 26
40 27 ic
36 26
51 45
35 31
38 37
42 41
2S 28
31 29
40 36
38 36
30 30
%
w
VO
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 * #2 Boiler Down
D - #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Samnle Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/8/76
Trailer Temperature: 76
Sample Moisture: .72
Barometric Pressure: 29.81
Ambient Temperature: 36
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
040Q
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
14.00
1500"
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
79 82 Flame Out 36 38 Jammed
81 79
83 84
65 68
63 76
66 78
73 101
75 104
83 113
102 111
658 128
649 123
30 32
35 37
20 19
29 28
30 30
53 58
57 65
62 72
58 66
77 86
68 77
,
'
.
687 89 49 53 63 7%
725 71 29 39 49 6
700 51 19 17 25 3
722 54 Flame Out 25 32 5
736 66
742 86
750 99
725 113
688 129
735 125
43 45 7
57 66 9
84 79
107 105
109 105
109 108
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): 122,793
Duct Moisture: 5.8
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I » Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = //2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/9/76
Trailer Temperature: 64
Sample Moisture: -
Barometric Pressure: 30.22
Ambient Temperature: 18
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0500
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1300
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Eeolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
733 110 Flame Out 95 95 9%
738 112
750 116
757 50
768 42
749 40
765 38
794 37
735 37
706 37
666 38
676 39
121 107
130 118
120 120
112 116
108 113
110 116
116 117
111 113
109 109
115 112
101 98
114 111
6 7
3 8
4 6
3 5
I
360%
2 7
2 7
8 8
8 10 1
i
7-8% y
85 79
100 98
98 94
92 87
87 85
87 84
87 84
82 81
80 81
80 84
I
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L ° Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/10/76
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture:
Barometric Pressure: 30.46
Ambient Temperature: 20°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
OSOO
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800.
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Becknan Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR C09 Interruption Notes
120 111 Flame Out 80 84 7-8%
118 . 110
112 106
113 105
117 105
114 101
118 101
115 101
114 99
104 90
133 103
117 96
106 87
119 90
122 84
115 81
116 88
110 82
108 59
108 39
104 35
101 35
84 34
79 33 !
80 83
73 78
72 77
69 78
64 74
63 74
64 71
61 72
49 63
44 74
18 62
21 51
46 57
29 51
2 45
34 51
38 47 I
11
- -
- -
-
-
~
F
%
,
.
f
F
(S3
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F « Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D - #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm):
Duct Moisture'.
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/11/76
Trailer Temperature: 68
Sample Moisture: -
Barometric Pressure: 30.17
Ambient Temperature: 30°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
78 33 Flame Out 0% F
82 33
87 33
87 34
83 34
92 34
92 35
91 34
90 34
95 34
103 34
105 72
112 81
78 75
75 73
92 73
99 77
92 72
88 71
93 75
92 78
93 79
- _
_ _
_ _
- -
1
1
-
-
-
-
j
6-7%
58 48
71 61
61 53
57 46
58 47
63 51
58 46
58 45
63, 51
66 56
66 57
F
co
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfffl): -
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F » Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I - Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = It2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Hate: 1/12/76
__c
Trailer Temperature: '->
Sample Moisture: --83
Barometric Pressure: 30^07
Ambient Temperature: 30
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckmaa Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO. Interruption Notes
102 84 Flame Out 70 61 6-7%
105 90
103 91
110 90
106 95
98 87
92 81
92 82
101 92
113 99
112 98
111 94
71 77
90 74
81 68
78 66
82 60
80 58
77 53
78 59
69 53
77 56
77 68
77 68
74 66
76 67
68 58
62 52
63 52
73 66
83 72
24 68
75 64
51 46
51 49
44 44
L
44 43 6%
39 34 6%
38 32 5%
34 28
39 32
32 27
35 31
#
L
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): 120,145
Duct Moisture: 7.4
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F « Frozen Sample Line
L Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I * Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 - #1 Boiler Down
2 - #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/13/76
Trailer Temperature: 77
Sample Moisture: -5
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature:
30.09
36°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
C400
05CO
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1500
1700
1300
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckiaan Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
76 54 Flame Out 34 29 5%
74 55
74 55
74 55
74 59
76 57
74 59
77 58
70 62
67 61
96 81
66 84
99 90
98 92
98 95
102 99
103 105
88 109
36 110
82 139
120 151
61 119
35 30
33 28
33 27
34 26
35 32
35 32
34 30
37 32
35 34
L
10-11% L
95 93
97 98
101 101
99 98
104 104
104 108
110 114
110 117
110 118
142 153
148 158
113 121
Cn
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture: -
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 - #2 Boiler Down
D - //2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON' MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: l/U/76
Trailer Temperature: 80
Sample Moisture: «57
Barometric Pressure: 29^89
Ambient Temperature: 13
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200.,
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 . NDI2. NDIR CO- Interruption Notes
A3 122 Flame Out 115 121 10-11%
42 116
0 108
34 127
101 132
100 131
96 128 '
92 127
112 167
110 162
114 168
101 - 60 :
104 111'
97 104
121 129
124 129
122 126
114 116
119 125
150 154
141 150 \
, -
142 151 13-14%
101 98
97 81 60 112 107
96 98 68 128 121
81 85 58 H2 108
82 79 77 108 103
80 73 67 106 9?
81 75 58 107 97
85 75 67 108 96
78 70 58 103 91
77 66 58 98 85
76 64 58 99 83
74 62 o 96 81 .
,
L
L
L
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm):
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
F » Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I - Other Sample Flow Interruptions
** Process Upset Notes:
1 = //I Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY ,
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/15/76
Trailer Temperature: 70
Sample Moisture: 5.8
Barometric Pressure: 30^20
Ambient Temperature: 32
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0300
0900
1000
1100
.1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
65 52 0 84 65 13-14% L
60 47 28 82 63
76 55 48 94 72
73 51 48 92 69
69 42 48 88 69
67 39 48 88 71 No Ink
66 33 48 86 69
63 30 39 78 62
58 28 29 77 59
51 25 29 75 53
"
.
12-13% I
48 33 27 51 45
45 31 27 48 44
50 35 51 50
55 36 51 53
59 39 51 55
65 38 51 55
67 39 51 55
40 44 54 60
12 44 53 59
62 53 64 65
69 53 64 65 .
j
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow(acfm): 121,734
Duct Moisture: 9.1
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F Frozen Sample Line
L Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I - Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 #1 Boiler Down
2 = //2 Boiler Down
D = i?2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/16/76
Trailer Temperature: 72
Sample Moisture: -68
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature:
29.90
34°
^^^«l l^^»*^^^^
Hour
Ending
0100
0200
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
" - - - 1 II ..-.. 1 .1.., . 1 i. ..-._,-., I,.. , . i. 1 -I mi ; - - -
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR C0» Interruption Notes
68 51 Flame Out 62 63 12
67 48
64 36
72 45
69 40
68 24
71 7
37 3
17 2
46
32
47 78
28 79
54 83
51 80
42 79
42 78
29 80
66 87
76 92
73 86
56 80
16 76
58 57 u
40 38 9
57 58 10
49 50 9 L
26 28 5
7 8 2
5 5 2
6 7 2
2 1 2
110 13-14% 1
76 69
76 75
78 78
73 75
72 75
69 73
70 77
76 82
77 87
70 81
65 76
60 70
L
00
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L Leak in System; Diluted Sample
J. " Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D - #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture: -
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/17/76
Trailer Temperature: 80
Sample Moisture: -80
Barometric Pressure: 29.83
Ambient Temperature: 24
44eur
Ending
0100
C200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
OSOO
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Eori,ba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO- Interruption Notes
66 85 Flame Out 71 83 13-14%
76 91
71 95
62 88
58 85
49 75
47 69
46 48
44 66
46 67
52 46
47 35
45 34
38 33
49 33
50 34
50 35
46 35
49 36
43 37
387 37
1346 37
158 35
74 89 '
75 91
65 81
62 77
55 67
51 62
53 61
49 56
51 58
L
52 44 9%
53 42
50 39
49 37
55 42
57 43
56 40
54 35
52 30
53 32
55 *33
54 !34
56 38
i
\j
.
L
VO
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm);
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F « Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I «= Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 - #1 Boiler Down
2 //2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/18/76
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture:
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature:
30.32
14°
Hour
Ending
0100
C200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
09CO
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2-'; 00
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
701 35 Flame Out 53 38 9% L
1376 35
1348 36
402 38
1075 42
41 46
61 51
795 56
285 54
35 57
35 56
35 49
30 43
32 40
31 37
34 35
34 35
38 36
38 36
44 36
54 37
47 38
44 38
41 38
56 43
51 39
52 41
52 41
48 38
46 38 ^
44 37 7%
36 30 6%
43 36 9%
43 34 9%
f
21 9 0% L,F
20 8
20 7
20 3
20 2
20 4
20 5
20 5
20 4
20 6
20 7
20 6
20 6
\
>
L,F
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm) :
Duct Moisture: -
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 - #1 Boiler Down
2 - #2 Boiler Down
D = //2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/19/76
Trailer Temperature:
Sample Moisture:
65"
Barometric Pressure:
Ambient Temperature:
30.58
17°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
7000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckraan Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO- Interruption Notes
45 38 Flame Out 20 8 0% L,F
39 44
44 47
42 41
35 40
36 40
35 41 '
37 42
24 42
18 41
33 42
44 39
32 27 ;
27 18
20 8
20 9
20 9
20 11
20 11
20 7
22 9
21 7 I
20 3 -
.
-
41 42 7 3
26 11 0 26 2
34 13 0 26 43
27 10 0 26 23
24 8 0 26 03
27 8 5 26 - 0
19 7 10 26 - 0
21 6 10 26 - 0
26 7 10 26 0 0
1 2
25 7 10 26 1 0 L,F
,
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm):
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I - Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = #1 Boiler Down
2 - #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/20/76
Trailer Temperature: 60
Sample Moisture: .4
Barometric- Pressure: 30.25
Ambient Temperature: 20°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
07 GO
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
3-300
1400"
1500
1600
1700
1SOO
lyoo
2000
2100
2200
I 2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR CO. Interruption Notes
£.
28 7 10 26 3 0 L,F 1,2
35 8 10 26 4'0
31 8 10 26 3Q
34 9 0 26 6 3
333 103 20 210 215 3
243 53 10 85 82 3
61 15 Flame Out 26 4 0
75 17
35 15
72 11
61 11
100 10
75 72
48 53
18 51
50 50
50 53
58 60
74 58
69 55
57 43
55 40
30 23 o
26 30
26 4 o
26 5 o
189 - L,F
7 F
45 40
38 29
40 30
40 32
43 35
50 44
47 40
43 36
32 23
32 20
f N
L
L
L
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm):
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F " Frozen Sample Line
L = Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 - #1 Boiler Down
2 » #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From. Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/21/76
Trailer Temperature: 70
Sample Moisture: .46
Barometric Pressure: 29.84
Ambient Temperature: 30°
Hour
Ending
01CO
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0800
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
17CO
1300
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Sample* Process **
Beckman Beckman Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
ERT Ecolyzer 6800 NDIR NDIR C02 Interruption Notes
57 39 32 20 7 L
55 37 32 18 '
42 36 32 16
35 36 32 17
34 36 32 19
52 36 32 19
42 35 ' 32 19
37 35 32 17
22 35 32 15
24 33 32 12
24 33 32 12
, ,
L
55 39 22 32 28 13-14%
55 42 30 39 30
54 42 23 36 29
47 43 23 33 28
53 43 23 30 26
58 44 30 31 26
51 44 25 31 26
53 44 32 31 25
52 44 23 32 26
51 42 23 31 25
Wn
CO
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm):
Duct Moisture: -
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I = Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = //I Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/22/76
Trailer Temperature: 68
Saciple Moisture:
Barometric Pressure: 29.75
Ambient Temperature: 21°
Hour
Ending
0100
0200 .
0300
04OO
0500
0600
0700
0300
0900
1000
1100
12GO
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
50
43
43
44
51
47
38
36
36
37
41
24
55
48
44
35
40
39
64
44
774
792
Ecolyzer
42
43
44
43
42
44
42
41
40
41
42
111
94
92
87
79
68
63
61
56
53
51
Beckman
6800
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
23
23
24
42
72
62
62
62
62
57
57
57
57
52
Beckman
NDIR
31
30
30
29
29
31
27
26
25
26
27
116
106
91
85
85
83
79
80
78
77
76
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIK C02 Interruption Notes
28 13-14%
28 '
28
26
27
30
26
25
24
25
24
13-14%
85
95
80
75
74
72
67
69
66
68
69
.
Ul
Note: Routine calibration time« are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F = Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I » Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 = //I Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D - #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
DATA SUMMARY
FIELD EVALUATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE MONITORS
Date: 1/23/76
Trailer Temperature: -
Sample Moisture:
Barometric Pressure: 30.01
Ambient Temperature: 13
Hour
Ending
C100
0200 .
0300
0400
0500
0600
0700
0300
0900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
ERT
18
339
773
561
579
1096
67
237
77
75
92
108
108
128
110
67
Ecolyzer
49
45
45
51
57
54
40
37
36
37
37
37
37
42
34
38
Beckman
6800
52
52
46
52
52
47
47
42
42
47
47
48
53
72
53
62
Beclanan
NDIR
78
47
74
79
75
71
61
61
61
64
67
67
69
88
72
81
Sample* Process **
Horiba MSA Delivery Upset
NDIR CO, Interruption Notes
73 13-14%
69
67
72
68
66
60
60
62
65
68
67
69
88
68
95 J
I/I
Note: Routine calibration times are underlined.
Duct Flow (acfm): -
Duct Moisture:
* Sample Delivery Notes:
(does not apply to ERT)
** Process Upset Notes:
F " Frozen Sample Line
L - Leak in System; Diluted Sample
I » Other Sample Flow Interruptions
1 » //I Boiler Down
2 = #2 Boiler Down
D = #2 Boiler Flow Diverted
From Sample Duct
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-600/2-77-063
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF CONTINUOUS MONITORS FOR CARBON MONOXIDE
IN STATIONARY SOURCES
7. AUTHOR(S)
Mark Repp
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Scott Environmental Technology, Int.
Plumsteadville, Pennsylvania 18949
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North r.arnlina 97J1 1
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
5. REPORT DATE
March 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE I
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO|
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO. -I
1AD605
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO. 1
68-02-1400 Task 20
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 7/75 - 3/76
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE 1
EPA/600/09 1
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES I
16. ABSTRACT ]
The performance characteristics of five commercially available continuous carbon
monoxide monitors were evaluated in a two part program consisting of laboratory
and field phases. The laboratory phase involved testing each instrument for
response characteristics, precision, noise, response times, drifts, variations
due to temperature and pressure, and C02 and HpO interferences. The field evalu-
at;ion phase involved the operation of tne monitors on the outlet duct of a carbon
monoxide boiler at a petroleum refinery. Data generated in both phases of the
program were used as the basis for recommending minimum performance specifications
for continuous carbon monoxide monitors at petroleum refineries.
17 KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS |
a. DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Carbon monoxide
* Moni tors
* Tests
* Field Tests
* Refineries
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
IINrifl^TFTFn
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI Field/Group I
13B
07B
14B
131
21. NO. OF PAGES
164
22. PRlfcl
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
156
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