xvEPA
           United States
           Environmental Protection
           Agency
           Environmental Sciences Research EPA-600/2-78-109
           Laboratory        June 1978
           Research Triangle Park NC 27711
           Research and Development
Experimental
Quantitative
Transport Probe
and Control  Box
Sampling  System

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                RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES

Research reports of the Office of Research and Development. U S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology.  Elimination of traditional  grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:

      1.  Environmental Health  Effects Research
      2.  Environmental Protection Technology
      3.  Ecological Research
      4.  Environmental Monitoring
      5.  Socioeconomic Environmental  Studies
      6.  Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
      7.  Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
      8.  "Special" Reports
      9.  Miscellaneous Reports

This report has  been assigned  to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECH-
NOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and dem-
onstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent en-
vironmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This work
provides the new or improved technology required for the control and treatment
of pollution sources to meet environmental  quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.

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                                                 EPA-600/2-78-109
                                                 June 1978
     EXPERIMENTAL QUANTITATIVE TRANSPORT PROBE
          AND CONTROL BOX SAMPLING SYSTEM
                         by

                 Madhav B.  Ranade
               IIT  Research  Institute
                10 West 35th Street
              Chicago, Illinois 60616
              Contract No. 68-02-2434
                  Project Officer

                  Thomas  E. Ward
Emissions Measurement and Characterization Division
     Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
    Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27711
     ENVIRONMENTAL  SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
        OFFICE OF  RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
        U.S.  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
   RESEARCH  TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27711

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                                 DISCLAIMER
     This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Sciences Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publica-
tion.  Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
                                     ii

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                                  ABSTRACT
     Three quantitative sampling transport probe and control box sampling
systems were designed and fabricated.  The systems are designed to permit
transport of samples of aerosols from a source to a sensor without signifi-
cant modification of mass rate and size distribution of the sample aerosols.
Descriptions of the systems are given.  An operating manual is included.
Results of functional tests demonstrated that the systems operate as designed
with the exception of pumping rates.
                                     iii

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                                CONTENTS
Abstract	   iii
Figures	    vi
Tables	    vi
Acknowledgment	   vii

     1.  Introduction 	     1
     2.  Conclusions and Recommendations  	     4
     3.  Design of the Sampling Interface 	     5
              Transpiration sampling probe  	     5
              Control box	    16
              Laboratory testing  	    16

References	    22
Appendix

     A.  Operating manual, transpiration sampling interface ....    23

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                                   FIGURES




Number                                                                   Page
  1   90° Diluter transition pieces 	    6




  2   90° Angle diluter pieces  	    7




  3   Front ell, outer tube	    8




  4   Dilution element, 90° ell section 	    9




  5   Main dilution tube	   10




  6   Dilution air supply tubes 	   11




  7   Dilution tube dividers  	   12




  8   Dilution air manifold 	   13




  9   Assembly, sample probe  	 .  	   14




 10   Sampling nozzle set	  .  .   15




 11   Control box frame	   17




 12   Front panel	   18




 13   Miscellaneous control box parts 	   19
                                   TABLES



Number                                                                   Page




  1   Performance Specifications for Sampling Interface 	    2




  2   Results of Heater Performance Test, Probe Temperatures  	   21
                                      vi

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                              ACKNOWLEDGMENT
     The author wishes to acknowledge support from the Environmental Sciences
Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  Special
appreciation is expressed to the EPA project officer, Mr. Thomas E. Ward, and
to Mr. John D. Stockham of IITRI.  Messrs. Robert Purcell, Donald Hrdina, and
Joseph Puretz of IITRI assisted in fabrication and testing.
                                     vii

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                                  SECTION 1

                                INTRODUCTION


     In extractive sampling of partlculate emissions, the aerosol must be
transported from the source through a sampling interface to the sensor with a
minimum of deposition, agglomeration, and reentrainment.  A conventional samp-
ling interface consists of a long probe open to the stack gases on one end and
to the sensor on the other.  Particle losses to and reentrainment from conven-
tional probe walls can be excessive.  A probe which minimizes these types of
losses has been developed in a program sponsored by the United States Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA).  The Fine Particles Research Section of IIT
Research Institute performed the work.

     In the first of three phases of this program, a probe was developed which
consists of a porous metal tube encased in a manifold through which transpira-
tion air is passed inward to provide a moving clean air sheath that minimizes
particle deposition on the walls.  The efficiency of the probe to transport an
aerosol ranging in size from 0.05 to 50 ym was demonstrated in a statistically
designed test program.  The results of this phase of the program are available
in Reference 1.

     In the second phase of the program, a field-operable sampling interface
was developed.  In order to sample in a stack, a probe must include a 90° bend.
The standard gooseneck nozzle commonly used suffers from significant deposition
just as conventional probes do.  Extending the porous tube and transpiration
air concept to the bend was considered to be the most effective approach to
reduce deposition.  Under this phase of the program, a 90° bend using the por-
ous internal tube was designed and fabricated.  It was then tested to deter-
mine its efficiency in transporting particles of 0.05 to 10 ym diameter.  The
bend was tested separately, as well as when attached to the experimental probe.
A final design of the prototype sampling interface containing the probe, a
transpiration air supply system, and a control box, was developed to meet the
specifications listed in Table 1.  The bend was fabricated and the experimental
probe was modified to withstand temperatures up to 700°F in addition to the
other specifications in Table 1.  The probe was tested in both laboratory and
field situations.  The sampling probe could be used for several hours without
significant particle deposition in the probe.  The results of this second
phase are available in Reference 2.

     This report covers the current third phase of the program in which three
additional sampling interface systems consisting of the porous tube probes and
the control boxes were fabricated.  Two probes are 2 meters and one is 3 meters
long.  The working specifications for dimensions and nominal capacities are as
shown in Table 1.  After approval of the designs by the EPA, shop quality

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 TABLE 1.  PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAMPLING INTERFACE
Aerosol concentration range

Aerosol size range

Sampling rate

Sampling temperature

Sampling probe



Sampling nozzles


Sampling requirements
102-108 particles/cm3

0.05-10 ym

7.1-28.3 1pm (0.25-1.0 cfm)

Ambient to 300°C (572°F)

1.29 cm ID (1/2 in. ID) x
  M.80 cm (6 ft) long  (length
  ^280 cm for one unit)

0.63, 0.95, and 1.29 cm ID
  (1/4, 3/8, and 1/2 in. ID)

Isokinetic sampling

90° bend

Minimum diameter of sampling
  port compatible with the
  probe — 10 cm (4 in.)
Probe to be heated to at least
  150°C (300°F) to prevent
  water condensation
Transpiration rate
Up to 71 1pm (2.5 cfm)

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drawings were generated for the probes and submitted to the EPA.  Upon EPA
approval, fabrication was completed.  The systems were operated in the labora-
tory to verify the functioning status of all the mechanical, electrical, and
pneumatic components.

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                                  SECTION 2

                       CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
     Three control boxes and quantitative transport probe systems were
designed and fabricated.  Two probes are 2 meters long and one is 3 meters
long.  Design changes from prior prototypes included construction of a
unitized probe with air supply tubes enclosed between the porous liner and
stainless steel jacket.  Transpiration air heating elements were placed
closer to the probe.  An aerosol test with 1 to 5 pm uranine particles indi-
cated that the transport efficiency was 78%.  This is comparable to the
field prototype sampling probe(2) operated under similar conditions.  Test
conditions were at room temperature and included a sampling rate of 14 1pm
(0.5 CFM) with front transpiration air at the rate of A3 1pm (1.5 CFM).
Pumps were purchased to the same specifications as previous pumps for the
field prototype systems; however, the new ones will pump approximately 71 1pm
(2.5 CFM) compared to 142 1pm (5 CFM) for the field prototype.

     A recommended improvement to the present system would be a better flow
measuring and control subsystem with direct digital indicators.  This modifi-
cation will improve field performance by allowing quicker flow adjustment and
calculations.

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                                  IffCTION 3

                      DESIGN OF Ttil SAMPLING INTERFACE
     The basic design of the sampling interface system was similar to the
prototype interface system deliver^ to EPA and described in a final report
from a previous program (2).  The ipgnificant design changes are described
in this report.

TRANSPIRATION SAMPLING PROBE

     In conventional sampling situations, the sampling probe is inserted into
the stack through sampling ports. jfrhe ports are usually 10 cm (4 in.) dia-
meter circular openings.  The sample flow must be in the direction of the
stack flow.  The sample stream, therefore, must be turned 90° in the sampling
probe.  Many conventional probes u|e a gooseneck nozzle.  Considerable loss
of the particulate sample occurs i$ this type of nozzle.  Minimized parti-
culate losses in the nozzle result^jl from extending the internal porous
tube to the 90° bend.             -$
                                  }'
                                  i^'*
     Fabrication of the 90° bend with a porous inner tube, such that the
entire front end of the probe would^ pass through a 10 cm (4 in.) port, was a
challenging problem.  Attempts at bending the porous tube were unsuccessful
even for large radius bends.  Our gfuccessful approach for obtaining the bend
was based on joining tube pieces cut on an angle to form an arc.  The 90° bend
was formed by welding the pieces together.  Several 10° cut segments were
joined to form the 90° bend.  The f|)0 bend section was designed to have an
independent transpiration air supply.  In the previous field prototype(2)t the
90° bend was attached to the rest <$c the probe by a threaded Joint and the
transpiration air was fed through $h external 1/4" O.D. tube.  To eliminate
the external tubes in these probes £he front section was welded to the rear
section of the transpiration probe,;and the transpiration air was supplied
through a 1/4" O.D. tube enclosed $ji the outer sheath of the probe rear section.
Figures 1 through 10 show the complete probe component parts and assembly.

     The straight section of the probe is fabricated from a 1.9 cm (3/4 in.)
diameter, and 173 cm (68-1/8 in.) long 316 stainless steel porous tube.  The
air distribution manifold used in fehe field prototype was eliminated to keep
the outer diameter of the probe unifform.  The transpiration air was supplied
through a 1/4" O.D. tube provided *|ith holes for air distribution.

     Two of the probes were 2 meters long and one probe was 3 meters long.

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O.D.
DETA\L_ No.
i
a
>*i if
\
i%
  Figure  1.  90° Diluter transition pieces.

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                                                  \oe
Figure 2.  90° Angle diluter pieces.

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 o.o.
Figure 3.   Front ell, outer tube.

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Figure 4.  Dilution element, 90° ell section.

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                                                                     'A.
                        Mt>-TEejAl. To
                            .«  "roC.os.n-V
Figure 5.  Main dilution  tube.

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       . —-
                                                                    •J-
                                                                                  	1-    0
                                         -72  — -
•7 O.D. X O.28
4


304 STAINLESS S7EGL
                               Figure 6.   Dilution air  supply  tubes.

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/U
                 l-g D/A. ROD
                 304 STAINLESS STEEL
                                                                                                        _L
                                                                                                        1C.
                                    Figure  7.   Dilution tube dividers.

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                                                                                               _L
I ~ O.V. x O.065  WALL
304 STAINLESS  STEEL
                               Figure 8.  Dilution air manifold.

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Figure 9.   Assembly,  sample probe.

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                            t>lA
                         2.
                         8
Figure 10.  Sampling nozzle set.
                 15

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CONTROL BOX

     The control box housing the auxiliary components and controls was modi-
fied to streamline its operation.  The details of the box case are shown in
Figures 11 through 13.

     The flow diagrams of the transpiration air supply and the sample suction
system are shown in Appendix A.  The main change in these diagrams and the
field prototype is that the single heater in the original control box was re-
placed by two heaters attachable to the probe's transpiration air inlet.  The
heaters were fabricated using band heaters (Chromalox //MB1J1J1A3) which were
mounted on a 1-1/2" O.D. sampling cylinders (Whitey Model //304-HD4-75) packed
with //3 coarse stainless steel wool.  This change will reduce the heat loss
in the supply hoses and allow use of rubber hoses rather than the Teflon hoses
previously specified since the air temperature through the box and hoses is
near ambient.  Other changes include the use of thermocouples in place of dial
thermometers and modified arrangement of the controls.

LABORATORY TESTING

     All of the control boxes were operated according to the operating manual
and found fully functional prior to shipping.  One of the probes was checked
by sampling a 5 ym uranine aerosol.  Tests were also performed to evaluate
the new heater design.

Functional Check

     A functional check of the control box showed all components except the
pump to be operating as designed.  Since the pump used in the prototype is no
longer manufactured, a new model was purchased.  The air output of the new
pumps was 71 1pm (2.5 CFM) which is only one-half of the specification even
though  the manufacturer stated that the new model was similar or better in
performance to the pump model used in the prototype.  If needed higher flow
rates can be attained if the outputs of all four pump heads are used.  This
requires modification of the plumbing by addition of tubing as described in
Appendix A.

Test with Uranine Aerosol

     A 1-5 ym uranine aerosol was generated by nebulizing a 1% uranine solu"
tion.  The aerosol was introduced into a chamber and was sampled through a
probe with a 1/4" diameter nozzle and a glass fiber filter.  Collection time
was approximately one-half hour.  The uranine deposited on the filter was
analyzed by dissolving it in distilled water.  Uranine deposited in the probe
was analyzed after repeated washing with distilled water.  The amount of
uranine recovered from the probe was 2.46 gms, while 9.06 gms were recovered
from the filter.  The front transpiration flow rate was approximately 42.5 1pm
(1-1/2 cfm) and the sampling rate was adjusted to 14.1 1pm (1/2 cfm).  The
transport efficiency was calculated as:

     _       «. vtcj j           Uranine on Filter          9.06     % -,Q
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-- --•»- -'---» — = -•>— 	
,
t!
1
1 r

:
~
*
*
to
;v
? '
0
:
aT !
L i
       -   S  ~ 4 —  •>  —
                  THICK ALUMNUM
Figure  11.   Control box frame.

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00
                                  ~ THICK ALUMINUM
                                  o

                                              Figure 12.  Front panel.

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                       .1 i

                      •£, ?
..I	


                                              S  I


                                             ||



                                              H  i
                                              O
                                                   GOT tOW..Of v

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The filter deposit showed a symmetric distribution of particles.

     No attempt to optimize the test conditions was made.  The transport
efficiency of 78% is in line with results obtained under similar conditions
with the field prototype.  It may be necessary to increase the transpiration
flow rate by combining the outputs of all of the pump heads to get optimum
results.

Heater Test

     The heater's performance was tested by measuring the outlet temperature
using the thermocouples.  The results are presented in Table 2.  The tempera-
ture at the outlet of the probe was also checked.

     The results show that the operation of the heater at full voltage heats
the transpiration air up to 260°C (500°F) at 70% of rated capacity.  The
probe, however, due to its large mass, may need auxiliary heaters similar to
the band type (Chromalox //MB1J1J1A3) used on the air heaters on the 1-1/2 in.
diameter probe body.
                                      20

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TABLE 2.   RESULTS OF HEATER PERFORMANCE  TEST,  PROBE TEMPERATURES
Transpiration Air
Elapsed
Time
(min)
0
20
23
A3
46
71
81
Front Section
SLPH
1700
1700
1700
1700
1700
1700
1700
SCFH
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
Rear Section
SLPH
4250
4250
4250
4250
4250
4250
4250
SCFH
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
Inlet Heater
Temperature
°C °F
38
49
49
53
54
54
58
100
120
120
127
130
130
137
Front
Voltage
40
40
60
60
80
100
120
Section
Temperature
°C °F
38
63
71
107
110
182
249
100
145
160
225
230
360
480
Rear
Voltage
40
40
60
60
80
100
120
Section
Temperature
°C °F
38
71
79
113
117
199
260
100
160
175
235
243
390
500

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                                 REFERENCES
1.    Ranade, M.  B.   Sampling Interface for the Quantitative Transport of
     Aerosols.   EPA-650/2-74-016, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
     Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, December,  1973.   131 pp.

2.    Ranade, M.  B.   Sampling Interface for the Quantitative Transport of
     Aerosols - Field Prototype.   EPA-600/2-76-157,  U.S.  Environmental
     Protection Agency, Research  Triangle Park, North Carolina, June, 1976.
     62 pp.
                                      22

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                                 Appendix A

                              OPERATING MANUAL

                      Transpiration Sampling Interface
1.   INTRODUCTION

     The transpiration sampling interface is based on the use of a clean air
sheath to reduce deposition of particulate matter on the walls of the sampling
probe.  The interface was developed at the IIT Research Institute on two pro-
jects under contracts from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  Test
results and design principles are reported in the following final reports for
these projects:

     1.   Sampling Interface for the Quantitative Transport of Aerosols.
          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North
          Carolina, EPA-650/2-74-016, December, 1973.

     2.   Sampling Interface for the Quantitative Transport of Aerosols -
          Field Prototype.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
          Triangle Park, North Carolina, EPA-600/2-76-157, July, 1975.

2.   DESCRIPTION

     The sampling interface consists of two major components:  the sampling
probe, and a control box for the sampling operation.

     The sampling probe is shown in Figure A-l.  It consists of a front sec-
tion (FS) with a 90° bend and a rear section (RS).   Each section has an inner
tube of 1.27 cm (1/2 in.) I.D. and a 1.9 cm (3/4 in.) O.D. 316 stainless steel
porous tube.  The inner tube is encased in an outer stainless steel tube
(3.81 cm [1-1/2 in.] O.D.).  The two sections are welded together using a
transition piece.   The front section has provision to screw on either of the
sampling nozzles.   Air is supplied to the front and the back section through
0.63 cm (1/4 in.)  tubes connected by Swagelok® fittings at the rear of the
probe.  The probe can be joined to a sampling device through a 3/8 in. NPT
male connection.

     The control box is shown in Figures A-2 and A-3.  It contains a combina-
tion vacuum and pressure pump rated at 7 cfm air output and 7 cfm intake
capacities.  Flow diagrams of the air supply and the sample suction are shown
in Figures A-4 and A-5.  The air from the pump flows through a flowmeter R,
and is divided into two streams in order to supply air to the front and rear
sections of the probe.  On the vacuum side, the flow is monitored by observing

                                      23

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t ••
4-
                               Figure A-l.  Transpiration sampling  probe.

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Figure A-2.  Front view of control box.


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Figure A-3.  Rear view of control box.
                   26

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N>
                                                                                         Heaters
                                                             Proportionating Valve V,
                                    Bleed Valve
             J	L
             »       l
a
Vacuum

 Pump
             L	J
                       Co ipressor
                                      Pressure Cage G
                  sur

                   W
                  L    h
  L	J
                                   T
                                          Thermocouple T
                              Coarse  Filter F.
                                                                      i
J
                                                                  Hose

                                                              Connections
                                                                    IT
                                                                      R_ - Front Transpiration Air
                                 Figure A-4.   Compressed air line diagram.

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         Hose Connection
         Thermocouple T_
Laminar Flow Element LFE
          Vacuum Gage G.



     Bleed Valve V,   T
                 -i-frl«-
                                               Manometer M
                                                          1

Vacuum
Pump
\
Coi


ipressor

                                                             Coarse Filter F
                                                                            1
                     Figure A-5.  Suction line diagram.
                                      28

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the pressure drop across a Meriam laminar flow element (LFE) as measured by a
0 to 3 in- water inclined tube manometer (M^).   The output of the pump and the
intake are adjusted by the use of two bleed valves (V^ and V2S respectively).
The relative amounts of the transpiration air to the front and the back sec-
tions of the probe are adjusted by manipulation of the bleed valve (V^) and
the proportioning valve (¥3).  A pressure gage (Gj), is provided for measuring
the pressure at the inlet of the flowmeter (R^) and a vacuum gage (62) is pro-
vided for measuring the vacuum at the inlet of the laminar flow element.

     Three flexible rubber hoses are provided to connect the sampling probe to
the control box.  An iron-constantine thermocouple (T^) is used to measure the
temperature at the inlet of the flow meter.  Another thermocouple (T2) is used
to measure the temperature at the inlet to the laminar flow element.  A jack
for connecting thermocouple (T3) which monitors the stack temperature is pro-
vided on the right side panel of the box.  The air supplies for the front and
rear sections are connected to the probe via hoses which are attached to the
outlets on the right side panel of the control box.  Provisions for power
connections, a switch, power for heaters and fuses are provided on the same
panel.   A pipe connection is provided to attach the suction line to a collec-
tion device such as a glass fiber filter holder, using appropriate fittings.
The heaters are shown in Figure A-6.  A list of components and specifications
is given in Table A-l.

3.   PREPARATION OF THE PROBE

     1.   Select sampling nozzle.  Suggested nozzles:

                               Velocity (FPM)

          NI - 1/4" I.D.          > 3,000

          N2 - 3/8" I.D.       1,000 - 3S000

     2.   Screw the nozzle and washer on the front section, FS.

     3.   Connect the air hoses to the front and back transpiration air
          supply (2-1/4" Swagelok® connectors).

     4.   Connect the hoses and heaters (if used) to the Swagelok® fittings
          for front and rear transpiration sections.

     5.   Connect the power cord to a standard 3 prong, 115 volt outlet, and
          to the control box.

     6.   The transpiration air may be heated by plugging the heaters into
          the receptacles on the right side panel after the air flow has
          started.  (Note:  The heaters should be on only while the air is
          flowing through them to prevent damage to the heating elements.)

     7.   Connect the probe to the measuring device or a sampling collector.
                                     29

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I
 -
                                       Figure A-6.   Heater assemblies.

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                               TABLE A-l.  COMPONENTS OF THE SAMPLING INTERFACE
u>
      Symbol

      F!
      Gl
      G2
      Hi
      H2
      LFE
      M
      N1»N2
      Si
      S2
      T!
      T2
      T3
      V2
      Description
Coarse Filter
Pressure Gage
Vacuum Gage
Front Section Heater
Rear Section Heater
Laminar Flow Element
Inclined Tube Manometer
Sampling, Nozzles
Rotametar
Rotameter
Power Switch
Thermocouple Switch
Air Supply Thermocouple
Suction Thermocouple
Stack Thermocouple
Proportioning Valve
Vacuum Bleed-off
Combination Vacuum and
Compressed Air Pump
  Manufacturer and Model

U.S. Gage Co., P844U
U.S. Gage Co., P844U
Chromalox:  MBU1JA3
Chromalox:  MBU1JA3
Marion, 50MW 20-1-1/2"
Dwyer, 209ST
Shop Fabricated
Dwyer, Ratemaster, RMB-105
Dwyer, Ratemaster, RMB-54
Omega
Omega
Omega
Hoke, Ball Valve 7115F4B
Hoke, Needle Valve 3312F4B
Thomas Model 4908 CA18
   Capacity and Specifications
5 cfm
0-15 psi, 2-1/2", Spec. 138010
0-30 in. Hg, 2-1/2", Spec. 138011
250 watts
250 watts
0-24 cfm
0-3 in. H20
1/4 and 1/8 in. I.D.
60-600 cfh
20-200 cfh
SPST 10 Amp.

I-C type, SS sheathing
I-C type, SS sheathing
I-C type, SS sheathing
1/4" npt.
0-7 cfm air pump
0-7 cfm vacuum pump

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     8.   If using the vacuum side of the pump, VP, for pulling the flow
          through a measurement device or a sample collector, it is connected
          using the third fitting on the right side panel.

     9.   Level and zero manometer M^.

4.   OPERATION OF THE PROBE

     1.   Fixed rate sampling:*

          A.   Convert the desired sample rate to standard conditions.

                                                530 P
                    SFR (scfm) = SFR (acfm) x
                                              T  x 29.92
                                               s
               where SFR = sample flow rate, P = stack pressure in (Hg),
               T  = stack temperature, °R (460 + F).
                S

          B.   Choose the transpiration flow rate and convert it to standard
               conditions.

                                       530 (P. + 14.7)
             TFR (scfm) = TFR (acfm) x 	. . •'    	 x f  x f_
                                           J.H • / X         i.    t*
                                                 o
               where TFR = transpiration flow rate, PO = operating pressure
               (psig), and TQ = operating temperature,  R = (460 + T^).  fj
               and f£ are obtained from Tables A-2 and A-3.

          C.   Calculate total flow.

                     Q  (scfm) = SFR (acfm) + TFR (scfm)

          D.   Start the transpiration air flow through the probe and place
               the probe tip in the stack with the nozzle tip pointing in the
               opposite direction to the flow.

          E.   Determine the required AP' across the laminar flow element from
               the calibration curve in the separate manual supplied with each
               unit corresponding to 1.1 x Qt.

          F.   Adjust vacuum bleed valve V^ until the AP1 on manometer Mj
               across the laminar flow element is equal to AP1 as determined
               in Step E.

          G.   Read Pf (in Hg) on vacuum gage, 62, and ^2-
* English units are used in this section to be compatible with the output of
  the control box instrumentation.

                                      32

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TABLE A-2.  PRESSURE CORRECTION FACTOR FOR DWYER FLOWMETER
P0-0perating Pressure, psig




             0




             1




             2




             3




             4




             5




             6




             7




             8




             9




            10




            11




            12




            13




            14




            15




            16




            17




            18




            19




            20
Correction Factor, pcf




        1.000




        0.9676




        0.9382




        0.9113




        0.8866




        0.8638




        0.8427




        0.8230




        0.8047




        0.7876




        0.7714




        0.7563




        0.7420




        0.7285




        0.7157




        0.7035




        0.6920




        0.6810




        0.6705




        0.6604




        0.6509
                            33

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TABLE A-3.  TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTOR
            FOR DWYER FLOWMETER
T^ -Temperature, °F
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Correction Factor, f2
0.932
0.942
0.952
0.962
0.971
0.981
0.991
1.000
1.009
1.018
1.028
1.037
1.046
1.055
1.064
1.072
                    34

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     H.   Read Pcf and Tcf from Tables A-4 and A-5.

     I.   Divide Qt by Pcf and Tcf.

     J.   Read AP corresponding to Qt/Pcf , if different from AP1 adjust
          AP by means of valve V2«

     K.   If the P£ and Tf change significantly, i.e. temperature by
          more than 10° and pressure by more than 1 in. Hg, readjust
          the flow by repeating Steps G through J.

   NOTE:  If sampling near 70°F, the total flow may be set prior to
          insertion in the sample stream by connecting a wet test meter
          to the inlet of the sampling nozzle.

2.   Isokinetic sampling (single point):

     A.   Determine the velocity (ft/min) at the sampling point.

     B.   Calculate the sample flow rate in acfm.

                 SFR (acfm) «= Vg x Area of Nozzle

               Nozzle   Diameter (in.)   Area
                N-l          1/4          0.000341
                N-2          3/8          0.000767
  &
     C.   Follow procedures described for fixed rate sampling.

3.   Isokinetic sampling (multipoint):

     A.   Make a velocity traverse with a pitot tube.

     B.   Find the stack velocity at the sampling points.

     C.   Choose appropriate nozzle (see Section 3).

     D.   Calculate SFR.

     E.   Choose TFR and keep it constant for the entire sampling
          operation.

     F.   Obtain total sample flow rate at each point Qj_, Q2» •  •

     G.   Set the AP across M^ to l

     H.   Adjust for Pcf and Tcf.
                                 35

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TABLE A-4.  CORRECTION FACTOR FOR VACUUM GAGE
        READING: LAMINAR FLOW ELEMENT
Inlet Vacuum, in. Hg
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
	 Pcf_
1.0000
0.9833
0.9666
0.9499
0.9331
0.9164
0.8997
0.8830
0.8663
0.8496
0.8329
0.8162
0.7995
0.7827
0.7660
0.7493
                       36

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u>
              TABLE A-5.
AIR TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FACTORS FOR SCFM AIR BASE TEMPERATURE 70°F,
  VISCOSITY 181.87 MICROPOISE, REFERENCE NBS CIRCULAR 564
                               Tef = CORRECTION FACTOR =
                                                            529.67
                                             181.87
                                                         459.67 + °F    yg*

                                 yg* Viscosity of Air at Flowing Temperature
Temp.
°F
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150

+0
1.0707
1.0344
1.0000
0.9674
0.9365
0.9072
0.8793
0.8528
0.8276
0.8036
0.7807

+1
1.0670
1.0308
0.9966
0.9642
0.9335
0.9043
0.8766
0.8503
0.8252
0.8013
0.7785

+2
1.0633
1.0273
0.9933
0.9611
0.9305
0.9015
0.8739
0.8477
0.8227
0.7990
0.7763

+3
1.0596
1.0238
0.9900
0.9579
0.9275
0.8987
0.8712
0.8452
0.8203
0.7966
0.7741

+4
1.0559
1.0204
0.9867
0.9548
0.9246
0.8959
0.8686
0.8426
0.8179
0.7943
0.7719

+5
1.0523
1.0169
0.9^-834
0.9517
0.9216
0.8931
0.8659
0.8401
0.8155
0.7920
0.7697

+6
1.0487
1.0135
0.9802
0.9486
0.9187
0.8903
0.8633
0.8376
0.8131
0.7898
0.7675

+7
1.0451
1.0101
0.9770
0.9456
0.9158
0.8875
0.8606
0.8351
0.8107
0.7875
0.7653

+8
1.0415
1.0067
0.9737
0.9425
0.9129
0.8848
0.8580
0.8326
0.8083
0.7852
0.7632

+9
1.0379
1.0033
0.9705
0.9395
0.9100
0.8820
0.8554
0.8301
0.8060
0.7830
0.7610

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1.

4

REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-78-109
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EXPERIMENTAL QUANTITATIVE
2.

TRANSPORT PROBE
CONTROL BOX SAMPLING SYSTEM
7.
9.



AUTHOR(S)
M. B. Ranade


AND


PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
I IT Research Institute
10 West 35th Street
Chicago, Illinois 60616






12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP.NC
Office of Research and Development

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Research Triangle Park, N
. C. 27711

3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.

5. REPORT DATE
June 1978



6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD605
BA-14 (FY-76)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2434

13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09



15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Three quantitative sampling transport probe and control box sampling systems were


designed and fabricated.
samples of aerosols from
The systems are
designed to
a source to a sensor without
of mass rate and size distribution of the
permit the transport of
significant modification
sample aerosols. Descriptions of the
systems are given. An operating manual is included.
demonstrated that the systems operate as

17
rates.

designed with

Results of functional tests
the exception of pumping


KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Aerosols
* Sampling
* Probes
* Designs
18


. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC




b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
c. COSATI Held/Group
13B
07D
14B
21. NO. OF PAGES
46
22. PRICE

EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77)    PREVIOUS  EDITION is OBSOLETE
                                                      38

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