v>EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory
Cincinnati OH 45268
EPA-6 00/2 -78-145
July 1978
Research and Development
System for Applying
Powdered Gelling
Agents to Spilled
Hazardous Materials
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECH-
NOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and dem-
onstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent en-
vironmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This work
provides the new or improved technology required for the control and treatment
of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/2-78-145
July 1978
SYSTEM FOR APPLYING POWDERED GELLING
AGENTS TO SPILLED HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
by
J.G. Michalovic, C.K. Akers, R.W. King, and R.J. Pilie
Calspan Corporation
Buffalo, New York 14221
Contract No. 68-03-2093
Project Officer
Joseph P. Lafornara
Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills Branch
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory-Cincinnati
Edison, New Jersey 08817
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publica-
tion. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
11
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FOREWORD
When energy and material resources are extracted, processed, converted,
and used, the related pollutional impacts on our environment and even on our
health often require that new and increasingly more efficient pollution
control methods be used. The Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory-
Cincinnati (lERL-Ci) assists in developing and demonstrating new and im-
proved methodologies that will meet these needs both efficiently and
economically.
This report is a product of the above efforts. It documents the design,
fabrication and field demonstrations conducted to develop a system for
applying multipurpose gelling agent to hazardous material spilled on land.
As such it serves as a reference to those in state, local and Federal
Agencies and the transportation and chemical industries, and others who are
interested in the control of spills of hazardous materials. This project is
part of a continuing program of the Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills
Branch, lERL-Ci to assess and mitigate the environmental impact of pollution
from hazardous material spills.
David G. Stephan
Director
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati
111
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ABSTRACT
Research had been conducted to develop a blended material that would
optimally immobilize a wide range of liquid chemicals detrimental to the
environment. The product of this research was Multipurpose Gelling Agent
(MGA), a blend of four polymers and an inorganic powder. When applied to a
chemical spill, MGA turns the hazardous liquid into a gelatinous mass which
can be easily removed by shovel or other mechanical means.
The MGA research program has also included design, fabrication,
testing, and demonstration of a mobile, self-powered, mechanical system for
dispensing powdered MGA to spill target areas in a safe and effective manner.
A prototype of the Mobile Dispensing System (MDS) was constructed and tested.
The MDS unit incorporates an auger-fed pneumatic conveyor system and a
trailer that can be towed to remote spill sites. After initial testing to
determine the MGA range and dispersal pattern, the MDS unit was tested
against both small- and large-scale simulated spills. On 4 November 1976,
the MDS unit was demonstrated for a group of USEPA officials at a Calspan
test facility in Bethany, New York. It was subsequently delivered to the
USEPA Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Edison, New Jersey.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Contract No. 68-03-2093 by
Calspan Corporation under the sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. The report covers a period from 24 June 1976 to 26 July
1977; technical efforts were completed in July 1977.
IV
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CONTENTS
Foreword iii
Abstract iv
Figures ... *.'" . vi
Tables vi
Abbreviations vii
1. Introduction 1
2. Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations 3
3. Design and Fabrication 5
Dispersing Systems Considered 5
Equipment Selection .5
Trailer Modification 6
MDS Assembly 6
4. Testing and Demonstration 13
Test Site Preparation 13
Field Testing 13
Demonstration for USEPA 16
Film Documentation 17
Operation and Maintenance Manual 17
MDS Modifications 17
References 19
Appendix 1 20
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FIGURES
Number Page
1 Floor plan and hydraulic system 7
2 Component weight distribution for MDS trailer 8
3 Hydraulic reservoir unit 10
4 Hydraulic pump/engine unit 10
5 Hydraulic pump 11
6 Rockduster distributer unit 11
7 Interior view of MDS trailer 12
8 MDS unit with towing vehicle -. 12
9 Demonstration spill site, Bethany, New York 14
10 MGA dispersion pattern vs. distance 17
11 Operator dispensing MGA 18
12 Immobilized spill material 18
TABLES
Number Page
1 76-liter (20-gal) Chemical spills 17
VI
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ABBREVIATIONS
MGA (Multipurpose Gelling Agent)
MDS (Mobile Dispensing System)
Metric Unit
atmospheres (atm)
centimeters (cm)
cubic centimeters displacement (cm )
kilograms (kg)
kilowatts (kW)
liters
liters per minute (liters/min)
meters (m)
kilometers per hour (km/hr)
Comparative English Units
pounds per square inch (psi)
inches (in.)
cubic inch displacement (cu. in.)
pounds (Ib)
horsepower (HP)
gallons (gal)
gallons per minute (gallons/min)
feet (ft)
miles per hour (mph)
VI1
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
Under sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA),
Calspan Corporation has developed a mechanical system for delivering Multi-
purpose Gelling Agent (MGA) to areas endangered by chemical spills. Develop-
ment included the determination of equipment needed to build a Mobile
Dispensing System (MDS), design and construction of a functional MDS proto-
type, and testing and demonstration of the MDS prototype under field
conditions.
MGA is a polymeric blend absorbent, developed by Calspan for USEPA
under Contract No. 68-01-0110, that immobilizes liquid chemical compounds
detrimental to the environment.1 When MGA is applied to a chemical spill,
it interacts with the hazardous material to produce a gelled form that can
be easily removed by mechanical means. This immobilization reduces the area
damaged by the spill, arrests percolation of toxic liquids into subsoils,
and prevents chemical flow into surface and subsurface waters.
The initial objective of the research program was to determine a
gelling agent formulation that would provide an optimum balance of rapid
congealability, easy application, and low production cost. To produce this
optimum balance, Calspan tested various MGA formulas on 35 hazardous liquid
compounds. For testing purposes, each compound was classified as either an
aqueous, nonpolar organic, polar organic, or alcoholic material. Testing
showed that a formulation called Blend D, consisting of four polymers and a
fumed silica, was the optimum gelling agent. Each of the four polymers
tested was capable of congealing at least one class of hazardous liquids.
In the development of MGA, an economic evaluation showed that the
physical form of MGA controlled its overall cost. A powdered form was
chosen because it was easier and less costly to produce than the alternatives
considered. However, this form does have a disadvantage in that more
powdered agent can be lost during windy conditions.
A second objective was to investigate mechanical systems for dis-
persing powdered agent in a safe and efficient manner. The MDS investigation
consisted of determining which commercially available, "off-the-shelf"
equipment was suitable for use in the MDS unit and developing concepts and
recommendations for implementing a system for dispensing the agent. Results
of research devoted to these goals are presented in USEPA Report No.
EPA 600/2-77-151.2
Upon completion of this research, the contract was amended to permit
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design and fabrication of a functional, self-contained MDS prototype. Also
included were the required field testing and demonstration of the MDS proto-
type and supporting documentation covering maintenance and operation of MDS.
In addition to this report which summarizes work performed on the contract
amendment, documentation included the production of a slide presentation and
a 10-minute film on MDS capabilities.
Development and testing of the MDS prototype fulfilled three main
tasks of the overall MGA program:
Task I To design and construct a mobile self-
contained dispensing system for MGA
Task II To acquire and blend individual gelling
agent components to prepare approximately
1204 kg (2655 Ib) of MGA
Task III To test the mobile MGA-dispensing system
with MGA on a variety of large and small
field spills
The completed prototype unit and operational manual were delivered to
the Edison research laboratory in May, 1977.
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SECTION 2
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Under USEPA sponsorship, a Mobile Dispensing System (MDS) was designed
for delivering Multipurpose Gelling Agent (MGA) to hazardous chemical spills
in a safe and efficient manner. In fulfillment of Contract No. 68-03-2093:
Amendment 4, an MDS prototype was constructed and tested. The system con-
sists of a hydraulically driven, auger-fed/pneumatic conveyor powered by a
gasoline engine, requiring no external power source. The component parts
of the system were housed in a 4-m (12-ft) utility trailer, which can be
towed to spill sites by a three-quarter ton tow vehicle.
The MDS unit was tested to determine its range and dispersal pattern
with powdered MGA. Very efficient coverage occurs in low wind conditions,
e.g., 'x/S km/hr O5 mph). When the exit hose is held 1.2 m (4 ft) above the
ground in a horizontal position, 85 percent of the MGA is delivered over
distances from 2 to 6 m (6 to 20 ft).
As wind velocity increases, the fraction of powder blowing out of the
target zone increases.
Effective operation can be maintained by directing the powder down
into the spilled material.
On 4 November 1976, the MDS prototype was demonstrated under field
conditions against small-scale chemical spills and a simulated major liquid
spill. Based on field demonstration results, it was determined that the MDS
prototype delivers MGA at a rate of at least 5.4 kg (12 Ib) per minute and
can be successfully used for treating both stagnant and flowing spills.
The MDS prototype delivered to USEPA provides a working mobile system
for dispensing MGA that is easy to tow into remote locations. Built from
readily available commercial equipment, the MDS unit is capable of treating
both large and small chemical spills so that they can be easily handled by
mechanical means. To operate the MDS unit, a minimum of two personnel are
required. Operators do not require extensive training to apply agent
effectively.
MGA powder was successfully tested against compounds representing most
major chemical types. One kilogram (2 Ib) of agent generally can gell 10
liters (2.6 gal) of spilled liquid.
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Since the operation of the MDS involves the use of powdered agent,
appropriate dust masks and other protective equipment must be worn by spill-
response personnel in its vicinity.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Further testing of both MGA and the MDS should be conducted by spill
teams and local fire departments. Subsequent testing should include applying
MGA to a simulated large-scale chemical spill of 7,600 to 19,000 liters
(2,000 to 5,000 gal). The MDS unit should also be tested using other forms
of MGA, including the roll compressed form, other adsorbent powder chemi-
cals, and powdered neutralizers for acidic or basic spills.
MGA powder can be blown off target depending on wind conditions.
Toxic vapors can also be carried into the MDS area. Because wind direction
and velocity are critical for effective and safe treatment, the MDS design
should be modified to include wind monitoring equipment.
Other treatment materials and equipment, such as urethane plugs, diking
foams, and containment bags, should be added to the MDS unit to expand its
landspill control capabilities.
Subsequent investigation should examine methods for recovering spilled
chemicals from the gelled form and effective means for applying MGA over
broad chemical spill areas up to 1 hectare (2.5 acres).
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SECTION 3
DESIGN AND FABRICATION
Based on preliminary work done under EPA Contract No. 68-03-2093 on
"Multipurpose Gelling Agent and Development of Means of Applying to Spilled
Hazardous Materials," a powdered form of MGA was chosen for this program.
Powdered MGA provides a surface area greater than that for the alternative
forms considered, thereby achieving quicker reaction time with spilled
liquids.
DISPERSING SYSTEM SELECTION
In evaluating dispersion systems for powdered MGA, four alternatives
were considered. These alternatives included (1) a pressurized tank,
(2) a Venturi/compressed air combination, (3) a centrifugal blower, and
(4) an auger-fed/pneumatic conveyor.
Because the auger-fed/pneumatic system showed the most promise of
dispensing MGA in a safe and effective manner, it was selected as the
dispersal component for the Mobile Dispensing System (MDS).^ In addition
to its increased load-delivery capacity and its efficient MGA dispersal
volume, the auger-fed/pneumatic system can be powered by either a DC motor
or a gasoline-driven engine, making it ideal for portable field application.
EQUIPMENT SELECTION
The auger-fed/pneumatic conveyor system selected for the MDS was a
Bantam 400 Rockduster (Mine Safety Appliances; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania).
The unit has a hopper which auger-feeds MGA into a moving airstream,
fluidizing the agent and transporting it through a 5-cm (2-in.) ID delivery
hose for distances of approximately 60 m (200 ft). In preliminary testing,
using a 30-m (100-ft) section of exit hose, the Rockduster lost less than
20% of the MGA load to wind effects.
In its off-the-shelf configurations, the Bantam 400 Rockduster dis-
tributor can be powered by either a 440-volt, 2.7-kW (5-HP), direct current
(DC) electric motor or by a hydraulic oil flow of 49 liters/min (13 gallons/
min) at 68 atm (1000 psi). Since it was required that the MDS design be
completely mobile and operable without external power sources, the Rock-
duster model selected was hydraulically powered using a K-series 31.8 cm-*
(1.94 cu. in.) per revolution displacement, single-stage hydraulic pump
(Webster Electric Company, Inc., Racine, Wisconsin). This hydraulic pump
is driven by a 22.4-kW (30-HP) air-cooled gasoline engine (Teledyne
Wisconsin Motor, Milwaukee, Wisconsin). The engine has a four-stroke,
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1.76-liter (108-cu in.) piston displacement with 12-VDC electric starter,
alternator and 23-liter (6-gal) fuel tank. This power supply incorporates
a 151-liter (40-gal) hydraulic oil reservoir (Hydrocraft, Inc., Detroit,
Michigan).
Because MGA powder reacts with moisture by clogging dispersal equip-
ment, the MDS requires sheltering from rain or snow. To provide this
weather protection, it was decided to package the MDS in a small enclosed
trailer. Based on the dimensions of the Rockduster components and space
required for their operation, a2x4x2m(7x!2x6 ft/6 in.), tandem-
axle utility trailer (Wells Cargo, Inc., Elkart, Indiana) was selected.
This trailer is equipped with a four-wheel, large hydraulic brake system
and a jack-ram hoist coupling system. The 2 x 4 m (7 x 12 ft) trailer
design allows for easy towing by a three quarter-ton pickup truck or other
vehicle equipped with a 5-cm (2-in.) ball hitch and capable of towing 1400 kg
(3080 Ibs).
TRAILER MODIFICATION
Wells Cargo, Inc., the trailer manufacturer, modified the basic
utility trailer unit (Model No. UT-12) according to MDS design specifications
to include double rear doors, awnings, roof vents, dome lights, and a double
door on the right front corner. The MDS design contains sufficient access
doors and openings to operate and maintain MDS components, to provide
ventilation for the air-cooled engine, and to minimize MGA dust in the
operating area (Figure 1).
MDS ASSEMBLY
In designing and building the MDS unit, the weight of the Rockduster,
engine, and hydraulic reservoir were distributed so that the utility trailer
hitch did not exceed a 54-kg (120-lb) tongue load. The balance point for a
tandem-axle trailer was located between the axles to divide the total volume
of compartment space into a 60-40 ratio.
To balance weight load and maintain tongue load capacity, the hydraulic
oil reservoir and engine/hydraulic pump unit were offset from the area above
the tandem axle to the rear of the trailer. Figure 2 shows the component
weight distribution used to maintain a tongue weight of 45 kg (100 Ibs).
With this configuration, both the reservoir and engine were made accessible
by the double rear doors and through a 66-cm (26-in.) walkway between the
units. As shown in Figure 1, the Rockduster was installed across the front
of the utility trailer compartment so that the MGA delivery hose can be run
through the front corner double doors.
The hydraulic oil reservoir was fitted with a Multiport, dual-element
suction line filter (AMBAC Industries, Inc., Wheeling, Illinois), a Maxiflow
return line filter (UCC, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio), a filter gage (UCC, Inc.,
Cleveland, Ohio), and a filler breather cap. The reservoir unit was then
mounted in the left-rear section of the trailer compartment, 25 cm (10 in.)
from the rear doors. The hydraulic system was filled with 151 liters (40
gal) of Mobil 10W30 motor oil. With filters and gages, the hydraulic
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DOUBLE
REAR
DOORS
WINDOW
RESERVOIR LEVEL
AND TEMPERATURE
GAGE
PRESSURE
REGULATOR
MUFFLER
ENGINE ACCESS DOOR
DOUBLE SIDE DOORS
Figure 1. Floor plan and hydraulic system.
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TRAILER
(CURB WT)
HT&C
OIL-
RESE
ENGI
RVOIR-
NE
i
n
^=
i 1
^V.
1
1
l<
1,
4—
HO
D
SZ^m
ROCKC
5ES
\
)USTER
I
146.0 cm '
(57.5 in.) f^
f
1
WHEEL LOAD
219.7 cm
(86.5 in.)
TONGUE LOAD
45.4 - 54.4 kg
(100-120lb)
COMPONENT
ENGINE/PUMP
RESERVOIR
OIL
HYDRAULIC TUBING, GAGES,
AND FITTINGS
MGA DELIVERY HOSES
ROCKDUSTER
TRAILER
TOTAL WEIGHT
WEIG
(kg)
145.2
88.5
145.7
140.6
40.8
142.9
657.7
1,360.9
HT
(Ib)
320
195
320
310
90
315
1,450
3,000
DIST. FROM
CENTER OF
WHEEL
(cm)
58.4
53.3
35.6
2.5
81.3
94.0
15.2
COMPONENT'S
GRAVITY TO
LOAD LINE
(in)
23
21
14
1
32
37
6
Figure 2. Component weight distribution for MDS trailer.
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reservoir as shown in Figure 3, weighs approximately 89 kg (195 Ibs).
The 22.4-kW (30-HP) gasoline engine was mounted in the right-rear
section of the trailer compartment, 31 cm (12 in.) from the double rear doors,
and isolated with a plywood enclosure. The engine exhaust pipe and a noise
muffler were then connected to the upper-rear corner of the trailer wall.
The engine housing has an outside access door for maintenance work and also
opens to the outside at the rear of the trailer to cool the engine and
ventilate fumes when in use.
3
After mounting the engine, the single stage, 31.8 cm (1.94 cu in.)
displacement hydraulic pump was adapted to the engine drive. Total
approximate combined weight of the hydraulic pump/engine unit, which is
shown in Figure 4, is 145 kg (320 Ibs). Figure 5 shows a detailed view
of the hydraulic pump.
Buna-N 2.5-cm (1-in.) ID tubing was installed under a raised floor in
the front of the trailer compartment to connect the hydraulic pump and
reservoir with the Rockduster unit.
The hopper was fitted with an overlapping plexiglas cover to minimize
MGA powder from blowing throughout the work area during operation. A
control valve near the hopper permits ease of operation of the MGA blower
and auger. The work area is ventilated by the front awning opening and
corner double doors. The Rockduster unit, shown in Figure 6, weighs approxi-
mately 143 kg (315 Ibs).
The interior of the assembled MDS unit is shown in Figure 7. Figure
8 shows the MDS trailer with a typical tow vehicle.
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Figure 3. Hydraulic reservoir unit.
Figure 4. Hydraulic pump/engine unit.
10
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Figure 5. Hydraulic pump.
Figure 6. Rockduster distributor unit.
L]
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Figure 7. Interior view of MDS trailer.
Figure 8. MDS unit with towing vehicle.
12
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SECTION 4
TESTING AND DEMONSTRATING
TEST SITE PREPARATION
Calspan modified a company-owned facility in Bethany, New York so that
chemical test spills could be treated using the Mobile Dispensing System
(MDS) prototype and demonstrations could be performed for Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) representatives. The Bethany test site configuration
is illustrated in Figure 9.
Spill tests were performed in three 23-m (75-ft) ditches that sloped
at a 1% slope and terminated in 4-m (12-ft) diameter pools. The trench
configuration allowed spill tests to simulate both stream and shallow pool
conditions. Test site modification consisted of reworking old trenches to
remove eroded soil and digging new shallow pools at the end of each trench.
FIELD TESTING
In developing guidelines for the MGA program, each of the 35
hazardous compounds tested were classified as either an aqueous solution,
nonpolar organic material, polar organic material, or alcoholic material.
Small-scale spill tests were planned to include one chemical compound from
each of these classes. Evaluators also planned to simulate a major chemical
spill of approximately 950 liters (250 gal) using dyed water adjusted to
pH 3.0 with sulfuric acid. Prior to testing, Calspan ordered enough material
to prepare 1204 kg (2655 Ibs) of Blend D. Blending was performed by the
Riverside Chemical Company using a Marion mill. The final blend was
packaged in 14-kg (30-lb) containers. (Blending specifications are included
in Appendix A.)
The MDS was performance-tested by expelling agent over a 6 x 6 m
(20 x 20 ft) plastic sheet to determine its dispersion pattern and maximum
delivery rate. At maximum throttle the MDS unit delivered approximately
5.4 kg (12 Ibs) of agent per minute to the test target area. With the
exit nozzle held 1.2 m (4 ft) above the ground, the MDS unit distributes
85 percent of the MGA over distances from 2 to 6 m (6 to 20 ft) as shown
in Figure 10.
Testing of MDS on small liquid spills began 21 October 1976. Tempera-
tures during testing were near 0°C (32°F). The first spill consisted of
pouring 76 liters (20 gal) of water into a linear ditch 76-cm (30-in.) wide.
After 15 seconds of spilling, MGA was applied to the head of the spill,
containing the flow in 2 m (8 ft) and using 9 kg (20 Ibs) of agent. When
13
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N
76 liters (20 gal) METHANOL
76 liters (20 gal) TRI-
CHLOROETHYLENE
MGA DISPENSING SYSTEM
416 liters (110 gal)
WATER-pH 3.0
Figure 9. Demonstration spill site, Bethany, New York.
14
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kerosene was tested under similar conditions, MGA contained the spill in
6 m (20 ft) using 41 kg (90 Ib) of agent. A flow of trichloroethylene was
gelled in 6 m (20 ft) using 18 kg (40 Ib) of MGA. The alcohol, methanol
was also contained in 6 m (20 ft) with a 20 kg (45 Ib) application of MGA.
Further information on the minor spill tests is presented in Table 1.
1001—
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
METERS FROM NOZZLE
Figure 10. MGA dispersion pattern vs distance (exit nozzle 1.2 meters above
and parallel to the ground).
Table 1
76-LITER (20-GAL) CHEMICAL SPILLS
CHEMICAL
WATER**
KEROSENE*
TRICHLOROETHYLENE*
METHANOL*
CLASS
AQUEOUS
HYDROCARBON
CHLORINATED
ALCOHOL
SPILL RATE
liter (gal)/min
151.4 (40)
151.4 (40)
151.4 (40)
151.4 (40)
MGA USED
kg (Ib)
9.1 (20)
40.8 (90)
18.1 (40)
20.4 (45)
AMOUNT OF
MGA USED
PER LITER
SPILLED
kg/liter
0.12
0.54
0.24
0.27
DISTANCE
SPILL
STOPPED
m(ft)
2.4 (8)
6.1 (20)
6.1 (20)
6.1 (20)
*AIR TEMP 0°C, WIND 8-16 km/hr
**AIR TEMP 7°C, WIND 8 km/hr
15
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To test MGA performance on a major spill, 946 liters (250 gal) of a
simulated toxic substance were poured into a 76-cm (30-in.) wide trench
running 9 m (30 ft) into an open pool area. The simulant consisted of
water dyed with Rhodamine WT and adjusted with sulfuric acid to pH 3.0.
Six 208-liter (55-gal) drums of the toxic simulant were arranged in a pyramid
at the end of the trench. The center drum was opened first and treated with
MGA until a stiff gel formed on the surface. The other five drums were
opened as quickly as possible and within two minutes all drums were emptied.
Treatment with MGA produced a stiff gel on the surface [5-10 cm (2-4 in.)]
of the spill but failed to immobilize depths greater than 10 cm (4 in.).
After the top layer gelled, it became difficult to penetrate with additional
MGA, limiting the possibility of treating deep spills, unless external mixing
can be provided. Earlier experiments showed that impenetrability can also
be partially alleviated by use of the rolled compressed form of the agent.^
These field experiments showed that the MDS can be effectively operated
by a two-man crew, with one crew member operating the mechanical portion of
the system and filling the hopper and the other directing the MGA onto the
spilled material. For optimum operation, a third crew member is useful for
directing the operation, assisting in maintaining a supply of MGA filled
drums near the hopper, and recording treatment data.
DEMONSTRATION FOR USEPA
A major spill demonstration was conducted at the Bethany site on
4 November 1976, to acquaint attendees with the operation and capabilities
of MGA and the MDS prototype design. Figure 9 shows the Bethany demon-
stration site. Attendees included:
Ronald Hill, Director, Resource Extraction and Handling
Division, IERL-USEPA, Cincinnati, Ohio
Joseph Lafornara, Project Officer, USEPA, Edison, New Jersey
Chester Marcyn, Region 5, USEPA, Chicago, Illinois
Thomas Smith, Research Engineer, Public Technology, Inc.,
Washington, D.C.
The demonstration program included a briefing in which design
characteristics of the MDS unit were presented and system modifications,
such as the addition of wind-monitoring equipment, were proposed.
In the initial demonstration, 76 liters (20 gal) of methanol were
spilled into a linear ditch and immobilized in 3.3 minutes with a 20-kg
(45-lb) application of MGA. The second demonstration consisted of spilling
and gelling 76 liters (20 gal) of trichloroethylene. Gelling for this
second spill was completed in 3 minutes with 18 kg (40 Ib) of agent. After
both minor spills, observers were allowed to examine the consistency of the
gelled material.
16
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Figure 11 shows a team member applying MGA to a minor spill. Figure 12
shows the immobilized spill material after agent has been applied.
For the major spill demonstration, 416 liters (110 gal) of a simulated
toxic substance were poured down 9 m (30 ft) of linear ditch to a 3 m (10 ft)
pooling area. The simulant consisted of water which had been dyed red with
Rhodamine WT and adjusted to pH 3.0 with sulfuric acid. The demonstration
team immobilized this major spill in 8 minutes with 34 kg (75 Ib) of MGA.
After treatment, the consistency of the gelled materials was tested.
The ground at the spill site was frozen on the day of the demonstration
with the surface thawing gradually under sunny skies. Air temperature was
40°C (22°F) and wind speed 8-16 km/hr (5-10 mph).
Following all tests and demonstrations, team members shoveled the
gelled chemicals into 208-liter (55-gal) drums; the material was then sent
to an approved landfill for proper disposal.
FILM DOCUMENTATION
Each of the chemical spills during the testing and demonstration was
documented on 35mm slide film and 16mm motion picture film. Calspan
Corporation used this documentation to produce a slide/tape presentation and
a 10 minute motion picture demonstration film in fulfillment of the contract.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
In fulfillment of requirements for EPA Contract No. 68-03-2093,
Calspan Corporation compiled an operation and maintenance manual for the
MDS prototype. This manual contains a complete unit description, and
start-up and dispensing instructions. Individual components of the MDS unit
are described in vendors' literature incorporated as appendices to the
manual, which is available from the Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills Branch
of the USEPA's Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory at Cincinnati.
MDS MODIFICATION
Safety modifications were added to the MDS prototype design based on
suggestions made during the testing and field demonstration programs. These
modifications included the addition of a nonslip floor to the hopper work
area and relocation of the gas tank to the opposite side of the partition
wall from the engine. The separating wall between the gas tank and engine
reduces the effects, of engine heat on the fuel supply and makes the tank
easily accessible from the front corner door.
Two brackets were mounted on the trailer sidewall near the Rockduster
for hanging 15-m (50-ft) and 31-m (100-ft) coils of 5-cm (2-in.) ID MGA
delivery hose. A mast was attached to the top of one outside wall to hold
optional wind-monitoring equipment.
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Figure 11. Operator dispensing MGA.
Figure 12. Immobilized spill material.
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REFERENCES
1. Pilie, R.J., Baier, R.E., Ziegler, R.C., Leonard, R.P., Michalovic, J.G.,
Pek, S.L., Bock, D.H. "Methods to Treat, Control and Monitor Spilled
Hazardous Materials" EPA-670/2-75-042 U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, June 1975. 138 pp.
2. Michalovic, J.G. et al. "Multipurpose Gelling Agent and Development
of Means of Applying to Spilled Hazardous Materials." EPA Report
No. 600/2-77-151, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio
January 1977. 46 pp.
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APPENDIX 1
BLENDING SPECIFICATIONS FOR
MULTIPURPOSE GELLING AGENT-BLEND D
MGA, Blend D, is a .balanced blend of four organic polymers and a
fumed silica. This blend in previous testing2 showed the most promise to
immobilize the largest number of chemical compounds with approximately the
same amount of agent. The formulation of Blend D follows:
Trade Name Manufacturer % Composition by Weight
Norback* Dow Chemical Corp. 5
Imbiber Beads Dow Chemical Corp. 30
Hycar 1422 B.F. Goodrich Corp. 30
Carbopol 934 B.F. Goodrich Corp. 25
Cabosil Cabot Corp. 10
*Equivalent to Gelgard M (Dow Chemical Corp.)
To blend, the percentage by weight of each component is placed
in a sealed Marion mill and the mass blended for 30 minutes or until
homogeneous. The blended agent is to be stored in moisture-proof
containers until used.
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-78-145
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
System for Applying Powdered Gelling Agents to
Spilled Hazardous Materials
S. REPORT DATE
July 1978 issuing date
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
J.G. Michalovic, C.K. Akers, R.W. King and
R.J. Pilie'
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Calspan Corporation
Buffalo, New York 14221
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BB610
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-03-2093
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab-Cincinnati
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Report
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/12
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Research has been conducted to develop a blended material that would optimally
immobilize a wide range of liquid chemicals detrimental to the environment. The
product of this research was Multipurpose Gelling Agent (MGA), a blend of four
polymers and an inorganic powder. When applied to a chemical spill, MGA turns the
hazardous liquid into a gelatinous mass which can be easily removed by shovel or
other mechanical means.
The MGA research program has also included design, fabrication, testing,
and demonstration of a mobile, self-powered, mechanical system for dispensing
powdered MGA to spill target areas in a safe and effective manner. A prototype of
the Mobile Dispensing System (MDS) was constructed and tested. The MDS unit in-
corporates an auger-fed pneumatic conveyor system and a trailer that can be towed
to remote spill sites. After initial testing to determine the MGA range and
dispersal pattern, the MDS unit was tested against both small- and large-scale
simulated spills. On 4 November 1976, the MDS unit was demonstrated for a group of
USEPA officials at a Calspan test facility in Bethany, New York. It was sub-
sequently delivered to the USEPA Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,
Edison, New Jersey.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
Hazardous Materials, Gelling Agents,
Dispensers,
Hazardous Material
Spills, Clean-up,
Hazardous Material Spill
Control, Multipurpose
Gelling Agent
Decontaminating
68D
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)"
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
29
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
BIVi r»rm TTTfl 1 19-73)
21
OUSGPO: 1978 — 757-140/1373 Region 5-11
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