&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Municipal Environmental Research EPA-600/2-80-076
Laboratory April 1980
Cincinnati OH 45268
Research and Development
A Method for
Determining the
Compatibility of
Hazardous Wastes
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECH-
NOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and dem-
onstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent en-
vironmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This work
provides the new or improved technology required for the control and treatment
of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/2-80-076
April 1980
A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE COMPATIBILITY OF HAZARDOUS WASTES
by
H.K. Hatayama, J.3. Chen, E.R. de Vera
R.D. Stephens, D.L. Storm
Calilfornia Department of Health Services
Berkeley, California 94704
Grant No. R804692
Project Officer
Richard A. Carnes
Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Division
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Municipal Environmental Research Labora-
tory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval
does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial
products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
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FOREWORD
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was created because of increasing public
and government concern about the dangers of pollution to the health and welfare of
the American people. Noxious air, foul water, and spoiled land are tragic testimonies
to the deterioration of our natural environment. The complexity of that environment
and the interplay of its components require a concentrated and integrated attack on
the problem.
Research and development is that necessary first step in problem solution; it involves
defining the problem, measuring its impact, and searching for solutions. The Municipal
Environmental Research Laboratory develops new and improved technology and systems
to prevent, treat, and manage wastewater and solid and hazardous waste pollutant
discharges from municipal and community sources, to preserve and treat public drinking
water supplies, and to minimize the adverse economic, social, health, and aesthetic
effects of pollution. This publication is one of the products of that research and
provides a most vital communication link between the researcher and the user
community.
This study involved the development of a method for determining the compatibility of
binary combinations of hazardous wastes. A literature study was conducted of case
histories of accidents caused by the combinations of incompatible wastes, industrial
wastestream constitutents, hazardous chemical data, and basic chemical reactions.
Based on this study, the compatibility method was developed.
The method consists of a step-by-step compatibility analysis procedure and a com-
patiblity chart. The chart is the key element in the use of the method. Wastes to
be mixed or combined are first subjected, through the compatibility analysis procedure,
to identification and classification, and the chart is used to predict the compatibility
of the wastes on mixing.
The method will be useful in the regulation and management of hazardous wastes. It
finds its usefulness most in determining the types of wastes that may be mixed for
economic gains and in predicting adverse reaction consequences that can inflict damage
to life, property, and the environment.
Francis T. Mayo, Director
Municipal Environmental
Research Laboratory
in
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PREFACE
The enactment of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 was in
response to the increasing attack upon the nation's environment by the ever-expanding
volume of hazardous wastes that are disposed of to the land. This legislation has
charged the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with the responsibility of
setting up a total management system for hazardous wastes with the goal of minimizing
the impact of these wastes upon the public health and the environment and on the
conservation of national material and energy resources.
The development of such a management system requires extensive information
on waste producing processes, waste chemical compositions, and physical/chemical
characteristics, as well as the best available recovery and disposal technologies. There
are many ways in which hazardous wastes may inflict damage to public health and the
environment. These are long-term contamination of ground and surface water, pollution
of the air by volatile materials and dusts, and extensive contamination of usable land.
However, one of the more immediate and disastrous impacts results when waste products
undergo violent and toxin-producting chemical reactions which kill or maim humans
and/or destroy property. These reactions most often occur because waste handlers
have either an inadequate knowledge of chemical compositions or of how the chemical
components of different waste types interact. The objectives of this report are to:
1) Present the chemical reactions that are likely to produce significant
hazards to waste handlers and the environment.
2) Present a listing of chemical classes based on molecular structure and
chemical reactivity that typically occur in wastes.
3) Provide guidelines for estimating which chemical classes occur in specific
wastestreams.
^) Provide a method for estimating the potential consequences of mixing of
different classes of wastes.
The best available knowledge of wastestream composition, chemical thermo-
dynamics, and reaction consequences was used to prepare the report. However, during
its preparation, the authors became aware of many areas where existing knowledge
was inadequate to make reasonably valid determinations. These areas of poor data or
background information are noted wherever possible in the report.
This document should be considered an interim report on the study of waste
interaction. The authors, with the support of the EPA, have begun actual laboratory
investigations of waste compositions and of interactions between real wastestreams,
and subsequently a final report will be prepared.
IV
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It is the authors' sincere hope that those in the waste management industry as
well as the waste regulatory agencies, will find this report useful in reducing the risk
to the public health and the environment in the handling, processing, treatment, and
disposal of hazardous wastes.
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ABSTRACT
This report describes a method for determining the compatibility of binary
combinations of hazardous wastes. The method consists of two main parts, namely:
1) the step-by-step compatibility analysis procedures, and 2) the hazardous wastes
compatibility chart. The key element in the use of the method is the compatibility
chart. Wastes to be combined are first subjected through the compatibility procedures
for identification and classification, and the chart is used to predict the compatibility
of the wastes on mixing.
The chart consists of 41 reactivity groupings of hazardous wastes designated by
Reactivity Group Numbers (RGN). The RGN are displayed in binary combinations on
the chart, and the compatibility of the combinations are designated by Reaction Codes
(RC).
The method is applicable to four categories of wastes based on available
compositional information: 1) compositions known specifically, 2) compositions known
nonspecifically by chemical classes or reactivities, 3) compositions known nonspecifically
by common or generic names of wastes, 4) compositions unknown requiring chemical
analysis.
The report is intended for use in many aspects of the management of hazardous
wastes. The compatibility information that it provides can be used to determine which
wastes can or can not be mixed for economic purposes or to prevent or minimize
adverse reaction consequences.
The report is the result of a literature study of case histories of accidents
caused by the combinations of incompatible wastes, industrial wastestream constituents
and hazardous chemical data, and basic chemical reactions.
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of Research Grant No. R804692010
by the Hazardous Materials Management Section and the Hazardous Materials Laboratory
of the California Department of Health Services under the sponsorship of the Municipal
Environmental Research Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This
report covers a period from September, 1976 to September, 1978, and work was
completed as of September, 1978.
VI
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CONTENTS
Foreword • • • • • iii
Preface iv
Abstract vi
Figures vii
Acknowledgment ix
1. Introduction 1
2. Conclusions 5
3. Recommendations 7
4. Method for Determining Compatibility of Hazardous Wastes 8
Application 8
Compatibility reaction criteria 8
Procedures for determining compatibility 9
Specific examples 10
5. Hazardous Waste Compatibility Chart 18
Introduction 18
Description of the chart 18
Procedures for using the chart 19
Explanation of the multiple reaction codes 19
Limitations of the chart 19
References 22
Appendices
1. List of chemical substances 28
2. List of waste constituents by chemical classes or reactivities 62
3. Industry index and list of generic names of wastes 84
4. List of incompatible binary combinations of hazardous wastes by
reactivity groups and potential adverse reaction consequences • • • • 97
5. Case histories of accidents caused by mixing incompatible wastes ...
vii
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FIGURES
Number
1. Flow diagram for determining hazardous waste compatibility 13
2. Worksheet for determining hazardous waste compatibility 14
3. Completed worksheet for determining hazardous waste compatibility
when the wastestream compositions are known specifically 15
4. Completed worksheet for determining hazardous waste compatibility
when the wastestream compositions are known non-specifically by
chemical classes 16
5. Completed worksheet for determining hazardous waste compatibility
when wastestream compositions are known non-specifically by
generic names 17
6. Hazardous waste compatibility chart 20
via
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Special acknowledgment is given to the project officer of this study, Richard
A. Carnes of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental
Research Laboratory, for his assistance and guidance. Acknowledgment is also given
to Dr. Paul H. Williams of the Hazardous Material Management Section for his
contributions in the refinement of the hazardous waste compatibility chart.
IX
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
The Resource Recovery and Conservation Act of 1976 (PI 94-580) defines
hazardous waste as solid waste or a combination of solid wastes which because of its
quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may cause
or contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or
incapacitating reversible illness; or pose a substantial present or potential hazard to
human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or
disposed of, or otherwise managed. The law also defines solid waste to mean not only
solids but also liquids, semisolids, and contained gaseous materials.
The "combination of solid wastes" part of the definition often presents problems
in many aspects of the management of hazardous wastes. In some instances, the
combination or mixture of two or more types of the wastes produces undesirable or
uncontrolled reactions resulting in adverse consequences. These reactions may cause
any one or more of the following: 1) heat generation, 2) fire, 3) explosion, 4) formation
of toxic fumes, 5) formation of flammable gases, 6) volatilization of toxic or flammable
substances, 7) formation of substances of greater toxicity, 8) formation of shock and
friction sensitive compounds, 9) pressurization in closed vessels, 10) solubilization of
toxic substances, 11) dispersal of toxic dusts, mists, and particles, and 12) violent
polymerization. In this report, such reactions are called incompatible reactions and
the reacting wastes are called incompatible wastes.
In the review of the literature and surveys of hazardous waste management
practices, several adverse reaction consequences resulting from the mixing of in-
compatible hazardous wastes have been noted. These consequences have caused serious
accidents involving extensive damage to property, equipment, vegetation, and environ-
ment and/or injury or death to man,and other living things. Analysis of the case
histories of the accidents (Appendix 5) indicates that such accidents resulted from
three primary causes.
The first primary cause is the insufficiency or inaccuracy of information about
the wastes (Appendix 5, Case History (CH) Nos. 2,5,6,7,9,11,12,16,18,19,21,22).
Hazardous wastes are often complex mixtures of chemicals. To define them usually
requires laboratory analysis which is expensive and thus often not performed. Waste
generators may not maintain adequate records of the components of their wastestreams.
In some cases, information about certain wastestreams are deleted or altered to reduce
the cost of disposal. Still, in some instances, the properties of some wastes change
with time and temperature, potentially producing more hazardous and unknown com-
ponents. Persons handling the wastes often are ignorant of or pay little attention to
the inherent hazardous properties of the wastes.
1
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The second primary cause of the accidents is indiscriminate handling of the
wastes. Often supposedly empty containers actually contain hazardous residues that
result in adverse consequences when reused (CH Nos. 2, 20, 21, 23). Haulers uninformed
of hazardous chemical interactions often top off their loads on the way to the disposal
sites, initiating violent reactions that often result in disastrous consequences (CH Nos.
1, 23). Clandestine transfers of wastes into disposal sites without attendant operators
have resulted in accidents (CH No. 9). Rough handling of waste containers have
resulted in the rupture or leakage of highly reactive materials (CH No. 16). Inadvertent
mixing of two or more types of incompatible wastes in one vessel have resulted in
hazardous consequences (CH No. 10). Uncontrolled reactions have been known to result
from inadequately designed chemical treatment processes for purposes of detoxification
or resource recovery (CH No. 22).
The third primary cause of the accidents is indiscriminate disposal practices.
Incompatible bulk wastes have been indiscriminately mixed at disposal sites. Wastes
that are incompatible with the composition of the disposal areas have been noted at
disposal sites such as sanitary landfills, mine openings, injection wells, and burial cells
(CH Nos. 3, 4, 7, 15). Often the inexpensive or unwanted containers used to contain
wastes for disposal readily rupture or leak (CH Nos. 13, 24). Containerized wastes
irrespective of contents often are co-disposed and hazardous reactions result when the
containers rupture or leak because of corrosion and the wastes mix (CH Nos. 7, 8, 9,
14).
The method of determining waste compatibilities described in this report was
developed on the principal assumption that wastes interactions are due to the reactions
produced by the pure chemicals in the wastes. Included in this assumption is the
condition that the chemicals react at ambient temperature and pressure and that their
reactivities are uninfluenced by concentration, synergistic and antagonistic effects. In
this assumption, the compatibility of a combination of wastes can be predicted by the
reactivities of the chemical constituents in the respective wastes.
Available data indicate that hazardous wastes are ill-defined and consist of
complex mixtures generated by a great variety of sources. No two types of wastes
appear to be identical. Even a single process appears to produce different types of
wastes. Laboratory analyses of wastes seem to be non-existent or very cursory because
of high costs and the complexity of required analytical methods. Characterization of
the wastes by the analysis of the processes and the materials used appear to give
inaccurate descriptions of the resulting wastes. The data indicate that each waste is
unique and individual reactivities may be best assessed by identifying respective chemical
constituents. This information supports the pure chemical approach used in determining
the reactivities of the wastes in the development of the compatibility method.
For convenience in referencing when using the compatibility method, the pure
chemicals known or expected to be present in hazardous wastes are classified under
41 different Reactivity Group Numbers (RGN) based on molecular functional groups or
chemical reactivities.
ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
The report is organized into three main sections (Section 4 to 6) and supplemented
by five appendices (Appendices 1 to 5).
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Section 4 is the method for determining the compatibility of binary combinations
of most hazardous wastes. The section includes the application and limitation of the
method, the compatibility reaction criteria and Reaction Codes (RC), the step-by-step
procedures, compatibility analysis flow chart, and typical examples of how to determine
compatibilities based on available information.
Section 5 contains the description and use of the hazardous wastes compatibility
chart. The chart is used to predict the potential adverse reaction consequences when
two types of wastes are mixed or allowed to come in contact with one another. In
the same section are the explanations of the multiple RC used to designate the adverse
reaction consequences and the limitations of the use of the chart.
The last part of the handbook consists of the five appendices. Appendix 1 lists
the chemical substances known or expected to be present in hazardous wastestreams.
The list was compiled from a literature search and surveys of hazardous wastes
practices. The list is used to obtain RGN of waste constituents when the composition
of wastes are known specifically.
Appendix 2 lists hazardous wastes by molecular functional groupings or classes
and by chemical reactivities. The list was compiled from the same sources as used
in Appendix 1. The appendix is used to obtain the RGN of wastes when the composition
is known nonspecifically by chemical classes or reactivities only.
Appendix 3 compiles an industry index against Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) code number and lists wastestreams by common or generic names. The two lists
are used to obtain the RGN of wastes when the compositions are known nonspecifically
by common or generic names only.
Appendix 4 outlines the potential adverse reaction consequences predicted in the
Hazardous Wastes Compatibility Chart (Figure 6). The appendix identifies the binary
combinations of wastes by RGN and describes the corresponding potential incompatible
reaction consequences. The reaction consequences were compiled from the same
references as used in Appendix 1 and from basic chemical reactions.
Appendix 5 consists of some documented case histories of accidents caused by
the mixing of incompatible hazardous wastes. The information from these cases was
used as basic reference in the development of the Hazardous Wastes Compatibility
Chart and the list of binary wastes reactions in Appendix 4.
SCOPE, APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE REPORT
The report provides a systematic method for determining the compatibility of
most binary combinations of hazardous wastes produced by industry and agriculture.
Additionally, the report provides a list of compounds known or expected to be present
in hazardous wastes. Lastly, the report classifies the compounds as well as the wastes
irlto chemical reactivity groupings and lists the potential adverse reaction consequences
of most incompatible binary combinations of the groupings.
This report will be a useful reference in the management of hazardous wastes.
It will be useful to the waste generators in identifying and segregating their wastes
for disposal; to the transporters for segregating, combining, and/or proper containerizing
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of the wastes; to the site operators for determining co-burial of containerized wastes
in the same cell or co-ponding of bulk wastes; to the regulatory agencies for determining
suitability of sites for disposal of certain wastes; and to those who perform chemical
treatment of the wastes for purposes of detoxification or resource recovery to prevent
possible uncontrolled reactions.
This report cannot be used to predict all the potential incompatible reactions
of any two given wastes, and neither can it furnish information on all hazardous
wastestreams because of the tremendous variety of waste types, constituents, and
characteristics. Additionally, the report does not address ternary combinations of
incompatible hazardous wastes.
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SECTION 2
CONCLUSIONS
An extensive review of the literature and surveys of hazardous waste management
practices has shown that adverse reactions can result from the mixing or combination
of incompatible hazardous wastes. These reactions have been categorized into twelve
classes on the basis of reaction products with the potential of causing public health
and environmental damage. The twelve classes are: 1) heat generation, 2) fire, 3)
gas formation, 4) formation of toxic fumes, 5) generation of flammable gases, 6)
volatilization of toxic or flammable substances, 7) formation of substances of greater
toxicity, 8) production of shock and friction-sensitive compounds, 9) pressurization in
closed vessels, 10) solubilization of toxic substances, 11) dispersal of toxic dusts, mists,
and particles, and 12) violent polymerization.
Three primary causes of the combination of incompatible wastes were identified,
namely:
1) Insufficiency or inaccuracy of information about the wastes,
2) Indiscriminate handling of the wastes, and
3) Indiscriminate waste disposal practices.
In order to prevent and/or minimize the chances of combining incompatible
hazardous wastes and to avoid the resulting adverse reactions, it was concluded that
a method of determining waste compatibility is necessary. Such a method was developed
for the binary combinations of waste types. A compatibility method addressing ternary
or more combinations was considered but found to be unwieldy. In the binary method
the potential for occurrence of any one of the twelve identified reactions was taken
as an indication of incompatibility. The determination of the occurrence of incompatible
reactions was based on the assumption that the waste reactions are results of pure
chemical components of the wastes reacting at ambient temperature and pressure.
These assumptions are made primarily for reasons of simplification; however, it is
believed that they are justified in view of most disposal and transport situations.
The development of the step-by-step procedures for the compatibility method
required the assignment of waste components into reactivity groups based on molecular
functionality and reactivity characteristics. Using this procedure, it was found that
the reactivity group(s) of the components of one waste paired with the reactivity
groups of another waste could predict the potential occurrence of certain incompatible
reactions. A two-dimensional graphic display was determined as the best method for
presenting the reactivity groups and allowing intergroup pairing. This resulted in the
development of the compatibility chart presented in Figure 6 of Section 5. Color
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coding of group pairings can be added to aid in rapid determination of potential
incompatibilities.
A primary conclusion that was reached from this work was that there is a dearth
of information about the reactivities of chemicals in the complex matricies of wastes.
Many factors assuredly do greatly influence waste component reactions. Among these
are temperature, catalytic effects of dissolved or participate metals, soil reactions,
and reactions with surfaces of transport vehicles or containers. The simplified
compatibility methodology that has been developed in this study, however, should provide
a useful aid to persons involved in generating, transporting, processing, and disposing
of hazardous wastes if reasonable precaution is taken in its use.
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SECTION 3
RECOMMENDATIONS
The incompatible reactions predicted for the different binary combinations of
hazardous wastes in the hazardous wastes compatibility chart are based on a literature
search and consideration of basic chemical reactions only. The reactions should be
validated using actual wastestreams where possible. The reactions designated by the
reaction code "U" on the chart, which means potential adverse reaction consequence
may occur but little information is available in the literature, should be investigated.
The multiple reaction codes on the chart should also be further investigated to determine
the validity of the given order of occurrences of the incompatible reactions, and the
possible occurrences of additional reaction consequences.
Additional investigation is recommended to determine the possibility of con-
solidating the present 41 reactivity groupings of the wastes to a smaller number based
on general reactivity characteristics alone, instead of on both molecular functional
groups and reactivities.
It is also recommended that a field test apparatus for determining waste
reactivities be investigated. This apparatus can be extremely useful in the management
of hazardous wastes.
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SECTION 4
METHOD FOR DETERMINING COMPATIBILITY OF HAZARDOUS WASTES
APPLICATION
This method is used to determine the compatibility reactions of most binary
combinations of most hazardous wastes. The method is applicable to four categories
of wastes based on information available, namely: 1) compositions unknown, 2) com-
positions known specifically, 3) compositions known nonspecifically by chemical classes
or reactivities, and 4) compositions known nonspecifically by common or generic names
only.
The method starts with a compatibility analysis flow chart (Figure 1) indicating
the analysis pathways for the four categories of wastes above, followed by the
compatibility reaction criteria and the stepwise precedures for determining compati-
bility.
COMPATIBILITY REACTION CRITERIA
The reactions between binary combinations of wastes are NOT COMPATIBLE
according to this method when the following undesirable and hazardous consequences
are produced:
Reaction Codes
(RC)
H
F
GT
GF
E
P
S
Reaction Consequences
Generates heat by chemical reaction
Produces fire from extremely exothermic reactions, ignition of
reaction mixtures or of the reaction products.
Generates innocuous gases such at N2, CO 2, etc. but can cause
pressurization and rupture of closed containers
Generates toxic gases such as HCN, H2S, etc.
Generates flammable gases such as Ha, CaHz, etc.
Produces explosion due to extremely vigorous reactions or reac-
tions producing enough heat to detonate unstable reactants or
reaction products.
Produces violent polymerization resulting in the generation of
extreme heat and sometimes toxic and flammable gases.
Solubilizes toxic substances including metals
8
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The RC are usecj in the compatibility chart (Figure 6) to denote the potential
hazardous reaction consequences that can result from the binary combinations of the
wastes.
PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING COMPATIBILITY
Five main steps are required in the step-by-step procedures for determining the
reaction compatibility of any Wastes A and B. The procedures are conducted with
reference to Figure 1 (Flow Diagram for Determining Hazardous Wastes Compatibility),
Figure 6 (Hazardous Wastes Compatibility Chart), Appendix 1 (List of Chemical Com-
pounds), Appendix 2 (List of Wastes Constituents by Chemical Classes and Reactivities,
and Appendix 3 (List of Wastestreams by Common or Generic Names).
Step It Obtain as much information as possible about the history and compositions
of the wastes. Such information can usually be obtained from the records of the
waste producers, the manifests that accompany the wastes and examination of the
processes that produced the wastes. When no information is available, collect rep-
resentative samples of the wastes and submit them for analysis. The analysis should
provide information on the specific chemical constituents or classes of compounds in
the wastes.
Step 2; Starting with Waste A, list down on the worksheet (Figure 2) on the column
for Waste A, the chemical names or classes of compounds in the waste or the generic
names of the waste. The composition of the waste is Known Specifically when the
constituents are listed by chemical names such as ethylene glycol, sodium nitrate, etc.;
Known Nonspecifically by classes when the constituents are identified only by chemical
classes or reactivities such as alcohols, caustics, mercaptans, etc. The waste is Known
Nonspecifically by generic names when classified as spent caustic, tanning sludge,
copper plating waste, etc.
Step 3; When the composition of Waste A is Known Specifically by chemical names,
consult Appendix 1. Find the chemicals in the list and note down their respective
Reactivity Group Numbers (RGN) in the Worksheet. If a chemical component is not
listed in Appendix 1, look for its synonym(s) (Ref. 7, 14, 21, 30, 32, 37, 41, 54, 59,
69, 70, 76) and note down its RGN (Section 4.4, Example 1, Note 2). When no synonym
can be found, the RGN of the component may be alternatively determined based on
its chemical class or reactivity (Section 4.4, Example 1, Note 3).
When the composition of the waste is Known Nonspecifically by chemical classes
or reactivities only, consult Appendix 2 and note down the corresponding RGN on the
Worksheet (Section 4.4, Example 2).
When the composition of the waste is Known Nonspecifically but classified by
common or generic names, consult Appendix 3 and note down the RGN in the Worksheet
(Section 4.4, Example 3).
Step 4; Repeat steps 2 and 3 for Waste B and list down the information on the
column for Waste B on the Worksheet.
Step 5; Consult the Hazardous Wastes Compatibility Chart in Section 5 and determine
the Reaction Codes (RC) between any binary combinations of RGN of Wastes A against
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B. Note all RC on the Worksheet. If no RC are listed, Wastes A and B are compatible
and vice versa.
SPECIFIC EXAMPLES
The following examples illustrate the stepwise procedures for determining the
compatibility of hazardous wastes:
Example 1 - Composition Known Specifically
Step 1; The manifests identify the constituents of the wastes specifically as follows:
Waste A contains ethylene glycol, chhlorobenzene, and hydrochloric acid.
Waste B contains isooctane and sodium sulfide.
List the components of Waste A on the column for Waste A on the Worksheet
(Figure 2). Consult Figure 1 and follow the compatibility flow diagram for Composition
Known Specifically.
Step 2; Find the RGN of the components ethylene glycol, chlorobenzene and hydrochloric
acid in Appendix 1. Thus, the RGN for the components are: ethylene glycol - 4,
chlorobenzene - 17, and hydrochloric acid - 1.
Step 3; Record the RGN of the components on the Worksheet.
Step 4; List the components of Waste B on the column for Waste B on the Worksheet.
Repeat steps 2 and 3 for Waste B. thus, the RGN of the components of Waste B are
as follows: Isooctane-29, and sodium sulfide-33.
Step 5; Pair up each listed RGN of Waste A against that of Waste B. Hence the
following pairs are possible: 4 & 29, 4 <5c 33, 17 & 29, 17 & 33, 1 <3c 29, 1 and 33.
For each pair, find the Reaction Codes (RC) in the Hazardous Wastes Compatibility
Chart (Figure 6). Record the corresponding RC for each pair in the Worksheet. Note
that the RC for all binary combinations of RGN for wastes A and B are blank except
for RGN 1 & 3 which are GF. The completed Worksheet is shown in Figure 3.
Conclusion; Waste A is incompatible with Waste B. Potential hazard of toxic (GT)
and flammable (GF) gas formations are indicated if the wastes are mixed.
NOTE 1; If Waste A contains a water reactive constituent (RGN 107) and Waste B
contains an aqueous component, then water (RGN 106) should be listed as one of the
hazardous components for Waste B in Step 1.
NOTE 2; If a chemical constituent is not listed in Appendix 1, its synonym(s) can be
obtained from chemical references (Ref. 7, 14, 21, 30, 32, 37, 41, 54, 59, 69, 70, 76)
and used to determine its RGN. For example, Pyranton is a chemical not listed in
Appendix 1. By consulting the Merck Index (Ref. 54), the synonym for this chemical
is diacetone alcohol which is listed in Appendix 1 with RGN of 4 and 19. Thus, the
compatibility of this compound with other waste constituents can be established in the
same way as Example 1.
10
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NOTE 3; When a synonym for an unlisted compound cannot be found, the RGN under
which it is listed may be derived by molecular functional groups or chemical reactivity.
For example, isobutyl carbinol is not listed in Appendix 1. The Merck Index (Ref. 54),
however, lists the compound as an alcohol. Therefore, by consulting Appendix 2,
isobutyl carbinol may be classified under RGN 4. When the compound contains more
than one functional groups, all applicable RGN must be identified. A compound like
peroxosulfuric acid is not listed in Appendix 1. This compound, however, is known to
be a strong mineral acid as well as a very powerful oxidizing agent. Therefore, the
compound may be classified under RGN 2.
Example 2 - Composition Known Nonspecifically by Chemical Classes or Reac-
tivities.
Step 1; The manifests identify the wastes constituents as follows:
Waste A contains toxic metals, aldehydes and alcohols.
Waste B contains toxic metals and oxidizing agents.
List the components of Waste A on the column for Waste A on the Worksheet
(Figure 2). Consult Figure 1 and follow the compatibility flow diagram for composition
Known Nonspecifically by Chemical Classes or Reactivities.
Step 2; Find the RGN for toxic metals, aldehydes and alcohols in Appendix 2. Thus,
the RGN for the components are: toxic metals - 24, aldehydes -5, and alcohols - 4.
Step 3; Record the RGN of the components on the Worksheet.
Step 4; List the components of Waste B in the column for Waste B on the Worksheet.
Repeat steps 2 and 3 for Waste B. Thus, the RGN for the components of Waste B
are: toxic metals - 24 and oxidizing agents - 104.
Step 5: Determine the compatibility of Waste A and B in the same manner as in
Step 5 of Example 1. The completed Worksheet for this example is shown in Figure
4.
Conclusion; Waste A is incompatible with Waste B. Potential for heat and fire
generations (Hp) are indicated if the wastes are mixed.
Example 3 - Composition Known Nonspecifically by Common or Generic Names
of Wastes
Step 1; The manifests describe the wastes as follows:
Waste A is a metal plating waste.
Waste B is a pectin waste from the production of citrus products.
List the generic name of Waste A on the column for Waste A on the Worksheet
(Figure 2). Consult Figure 1 and follow the compatibility flow diagram for composition
Known Nonspecifically by Common or Generic Names of Waste.
11
-------
Step 2; Find the RGN of "metal plating waste" according to Appendix 3. The RGN
for this generic waste are 11 and 24.
Step 3; Enter the RGN of Waste A on the Worksheet.
Step »; Enter the waste generic name of "Citrus Pectin Waste" on the column for
Waste B on the Worksheet. Repeat steps 2 and 3 above for Waste B. Thus, the most
likely RGN for this generic waste are 1 and 4.
Step 5; Determine the compatibility of Waste A and B in the same manner as in
Step 5 of Example 1. The completed Worksheet for this example is shown in Figure
5.
Conclusion; Waste A is incompatible with Waste B. Potential hazards of toxic and
flammable gas formations ( GTGF) are indicated if the wastes are mixed. Also
solubilization (S) of metals may occur.
12
-------
Stepl
WASTE A
Obtain Available Information
About Waste
NO INFORMATION
ON COMPOSITION
Perform Chemical
Analysis
List Names or Classes of Chemicals
in Waste or Generic Names of Waste on the
Column for Waste A on the Worksheet,
Figure 2
COMPOSITION
KNOWN SPECIFICALLY
Step 2
1
Find Chemical and
RGN'in Appendix 1
CHEMICAL CHEMICAL
LISTED NOT LISTED ,
COMPOSITION
KNOWN NON-SPECIFICALLY
BY CHEMICAL CLASSES
OR REACTIVE PROPERTIES
Find Classes of Compounds
and RGN'in Appendix 2
Step 3
List Corresponding RGN'
on the Worksheet
COMPOSITION
KNOWN NON-SPECIFICALLY
BY COMMON OR GENERIC
NAMES OF WASTE
Find Generic Names
and RGN 'in Appendix 3
Step 4
Repeat Above Steps for Waste B.
Note Names and RGN'on the
Column for Waste B on the Worksheet.
StepS
Determine and Note Compatibilities
Using Figure 6
INCOMPATIBILITIES ARE INDICATED.
WASTES SHOULD NOT BE MIXED.
Note: 1. Reactivity Group Numbers
NO INCOMPATIBILITIES ARE INDICATED.
WASTES CAN BE MIXED.
Figure 1. Flow diagram for determining hazardous waste compatibility.
13
-------
Waste A
Waste B
Name of Waste
Evaluation
Source
Source
Date
Reactivity
Group No.
Note: Refer to Figure 6 for the definitions of the Reaction Code entered on the
squares of this worksheet.
Figure 2. Worksheet for determining hazardous waste compatibility.
-------
EXAMPLE 1
Waste A
Waste B
Name of Waste
Evaluation
Source
Source
Date
WASTE A
Name
Reactivity
Group No.
0)
m
+->
u
-------
EXAMPLE 2
Waste A
Waste B
Name of Waste
Evaluation
Source
Source
Date
Reactivity
Group No.
60
txO
x
O
Toxic Metals
HT
Aldehydes
Alcohols
Note: Refer to Figure 6 for the definitions of the Reaction Code entered on the
squares of this worksheet.
Figure 4. Completed worksheet for determining hazardous waste compatibility when
the wastestream compositions are known non-specifically by chemical classes.
16
-------
EXAMPLE 3
Waste A
Waste B
Name of Waste
Evaluation
Source
Source
Date
o>
Name
Reactivity
Group No.
(0
Metal Plating Waste
11
GF
Note: Refer to Figure 6 for the definitions of the Reaction Code entered on the
squares of this worksheet.
Figure 5. Completed worksheet for determining hazardous waste compatibility when
wastestream compositions are known non-specifically by generic names.
17
-------
SECTION 5
HAZARDOUS WASTES COMPATIBILITY CHART
INTRODUCTION
The chart (Figure 6) is the single most important part of this report. It is a
quick and ready reference for determining the compatibility reactions of most binary
combinations of hazardous wastes. It is used in conjunction with the detailed com-
patibililty analysis procedures in Section 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE CHART
The 41 reactivity group classifications of hazardous wastes listed in Appendix
2 are presented in this chart.
The first colulmn of the chart lists the reactivity groups by Reactivity Group
Numbers (RGN). The first 34 RGN which are based on chemical classes or molecular
functional groups are listed consecutively from 1 to 34. The last 7 RGN which are
based on general chemical reactivities are listed consecutively from 101 to 107. The
second column lists the corresponding reactivity group names. The first 34 group
names are each followed by a number of reaction squares equal to their respective
RGN. In other words, RGN 1 is followed by 1 square, RGN 2 by 2 squares, etc. The
group names designated by RGN 101 to 107 are followed by 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40
and 41 squares, respectively. The squares form rows as well as columns of squares
on the chart. A terminal square of a row represents a binary combination of one
reactive group with itself and is labelled with its RGN. The terminal squares serve
as headings for the columns of squares and as a whole appear as a diagonal row of
squares on the chart. An additional bottom row of-squares is correspondingly labelled
as the diagonal row of squares. The RGN on the first column of the chart and those
on the diagonal and bottom rows of squares provide the reference coordinates for
locating the potential hazardous reaction consequences of any binary combinations of
the wastes reactivity groups.
The rest of the squares on the chart are either blank or filled in with Reaction
Codes (RC). When a square is blank,, the wastes in the binary combination represented
by that square are compatible. Conversely, any RC on the squares indicate potential
incompatible reactions that can result from the combination of the wastes reactivity
groups represented by the individual squares. The predicted reactions are based on
the combinations of the most reactive chemicals in the respective reactivity groups.
All the binary wastes combinations designated with RC are described in greater detail
in Appendix 4. Where waste combinations are believed to be incompatible but no
sufficient supporting data have been found in the literature, incompatible reactions are
also noted and marked on the chart with RC or "U". The RC are identified in the
IS
-------
legend on the upper right hand corner of the chart and described in detail in Section
4.2. The multiple RC are explained in Section 5.4.
PROCEDURES FOR USING THE CHART
Step 1; For the binary combination of any reactivity groups, first find the Reactivity
Group Number (RGN) of the first group on the first column of the chart.
Step 2; Find the RGN of the second group from the bottom squares of RGN.
Step 3; Find the intersecting reaction square for the two RGN.
Step 4; Note the Reaction Code(s) (RC) in the square.
Step 5; Refer to the legend on the chart or Section 5.4 for the explanation of the
RC.
Step 6; When no RC is found on the reaction square, the two groups of wastes are
compatible. When any RC are noted on the square, the wastes are incompatible when
mixed or allowed to come in contact with one another.
EXPLANATION OF THE MULTIPLE REACTION CODES
For many binary combinations, multiple Reation Codes (RC) are used to denote
the reaction consequences. The order in which these letter codes appear in the squares
corresponds to the order in which the consequences can occur. For example, in RC
(HFE), the first letter denotes the initial or primary hazardous consequence of a binary
reaction which in this case is HEAT generation. The second and third letters denote
the resulting secondary consequences of the production of FIRE and EXPLOSION from
the heat generated by the primary reaction. In some cases the third letter code refers
to a resulting tertiary consequence such as the evolution of a toxic gas from a fire
caused by excessive HEAT generation ( HFGT). Where the codes GTGp appear, the
GASES evolved are TOXIC and FLAMMABLE such as hydrogen sulfide, hyarogen cyanide,
or carbon disulfide. The relative positions of the letter codes to one another in this
case bear no significance. The codes can also be written as GF^y.
LIMITATIONS OF THE CHART
The potential reaction consequences predicted by the chart are based on pure
chemical reactions only at ambient temperature and pressure. Concentration,
synergistic, and antagonistic effects have been assumed not to influence the reactions.
The reactions have not as yet been validated on actual wastes containing the chemicals.
19
-------
REACTIVITY
GROUP NO.
1
T
3
4
5
6
-
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
REACTIVITY GROIP NAME
Acids. Mineral. Non-oxidizing
Acids. Mineral. Oxidizing
Acids. Organic
Alcohols and Gl> cols
Aldehydes
Amides
Amines. Aliphatic and Aromatic
Azo Compounds. Diazo Compounds and Hydrazines
Carbamates
Caustics
Cyanides
Dithiocarbamates
Esters
Ethers
Fluorides. Inorganic
Hydrocarbons. Aromatic
Halogenated Organics
Jsocyanafes
Ketones
Mercaptans and Other Organic Sulfides
Metals. Alkali and Alkaline Earth. Elemental
Metals. Other Elemental & Alloys as Powders. Vapors, or Sponges
Metals. Other Elemental & Alloys as Sheets. Rods. Drops. Moldings, etc.
Metals and Metal Compounds. Toxic
Nitrides
Mimics
Nitro Compounds. Organic
Hydrocarbons. Aliphatic. Unsalurated
Hydrocarbons. Aliphatic. Saturated
Peroxides and Hydroperovides. Organic
Phenols and Cresols
Organophosphates. Phosphothioates. Phosphodilhioates
Sulfides. Inorganic
Epoxides
Combustible and Flammable Materials. Miscellaneous
Explosives
Polymerizable Compounds
Oxidizing Agents. Strong
Reducing Agents. Strong
Water and Mixtures Containing Water
Water Reactive Substances
1
H
HP
H
H
H
G
Hc
H
GT
OF
tr
H
H
CT
H
GT
H
G
H
GT
GF
\
°»F
"H
s
CFHF
HGT
GF
H
H
G
H
HGT
CT
GF
HP
Hc
HE
'„
HGT
V
H
^
G
H
HF
"F
H
GT
H
GT
H
GT
HGT
H
GT
GF
^
HF
H
F
CT
H
F
HF
CT
H
FCT
H
F
HF
OT
"„
°«F
"F
s
\
HF
CT
H
\T
HF
HF
H
E
H
F
H
GT
HFCT
HP
\T
HE
PH
H
f
GT
H
3
HP
HP
H
H
C
H
CT
CF
^T
GT
HG
^H
CF
s
Hc
H
CT
H
P
HE
PH
HGT
"GF
4
HG
~\
HP
"H
"\
H
F
H
P
HF
H
5
H
H
H
GF
GT
"•v
CFH
H
H
H
G
H
U
"F
GF
HF
6
H
S
»F
r,T
GFH
-
I
H
CT
HP
CFH
S
H
GT
HP
HF
r.T
HGF
a
°H
C
H
G
HG
HG
H
G
H
C
H
G
CFH
FCT
H
F
C
t
"E
H
G
U
E
H
P
HE
PH
HE
Hc
G
«r
1
2
'I*
5
6
7
9
H
G
CFH
t
H
G
\T
\T
10
H
HCF
\
H
CFH
CFH
S
f
C
"F.
HE
HP
HE
P
H
11
^^MH
H
HG
H
GF
H
CFH
GT
HP
PH
V
m^m^
i:
t
GF
GT
H
GFH
\T
V
V
\n
V
13
GFH
GFH
|
HE
H
F
HF
XTREMELY REACTIVE!
.|,
10
11
12
13
Figure 6. Hazardous waste compatibility chart.
20
-------
Reaoti\ii> Code
H
F
C
irr
(.F
Consequences
He.il generation
Fire
I n nocuous and non-flammable gas general ion
To vie gas genera lion
Flammable gas generation
^m^^m
14
H
f
15
,
16
H
F
r
H
H
E
H
E
HF
GF
H
H
E
HCT
HE
18
H
GF
H
GF
H
U
H
H
P
H
•V
GT
CFH
Hc
19
H
CFH
CF
H
E
H
F
GF
H
20
GF
H
H
GF
F
GF
H
H
FGI
H
r
H
F
GT
GF
H
:i
E
H
P
HGF
H
E
GF
H
H
HP
HG
"E
P
H
HF
CFH
22
HE
H
0
HP
1 H
E
P
H
HFf
CFH
23
HE
p
H
HF
:4
s
H
G
"p
E
PH
S
25
CFH
H
CFF
-E
GF
H
"p
H
GF
F
E
PH
H
GF
H
26
HP
GT
\T
HGF
27
H
E
HE
DO NOT MIX WITH ANY CHEMICAL OR WASTE MATERIAL!
14
IS
16
17
18
19
20
21
21
23
24
25
26
27
E\3IT
t
P
S
I
mk-r
»F
GT
28
H
P
H
F
29
HF
""""1
f
J
30
H
V
H
GT
H
P
H
f
GT
H
E
P
H
HG
HE
Explosion
Violent polxmmzation
Soluhilizalion of loxic suhsonces
May IK- hazardous hut unknown
Heat generation, fire, and to\ic gas generarion
•II
HP
HE
PH
H
F
CFH
32
u
H
FGT
CFH
EXTREMELY REACTIVI
28
29
30
31
32
3.1
Hp 34
101
"E HE HE 102
PH "E 103
H H H u H
FGT FG FG ^ FG1 104
H CFH HE V \ .05
CTGF CFG1 "0*
33 34 101 Il02 103 104 105 106 107
Figure 6. Hazardous waste compatibility chart (continued).
21
-------
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27
-------
APPENDICES
APPENDIX I. LIST OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
This appendix lists the chemical substances that may be found in hazardous
wastestreams. The list is not inclusive but represents the data compiled through a
literature survey and examination of hazardous waste management practices.
The list consists of three columns. The first column lists the chemical or trade
names in alphabetical order. The trade names are denoted by asterisks (*). The
second column list the synonyms or common names of the chemical substances when
available. The third column lists the reactivity group numbers (RGN) assigned to the
substances as derived in Appendix 2. A compound may be assigned more than one
RGN.
This appendix is used to obtain the RGN of waste constituents when known
specifically. The RGN is used to determine the compatibility of the combinations of
wastes according to the compatibility method in Section 4.
The chemical substances listed were compiled from several sources. The list
of Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials and List of Extremely Hazardous Wastes
and Extremely Hazardous Materials in California's Industrial Waste Law of 1972 (Ref.
44) served as the starting reference. The primary sources of information consisted of
published reports (Ref. 1, 7, 12, 13, 14, 32, and 52) identifying the hazardous chemical
substances in industrial wastestreams. Additional chemical entries were abstracted
from the California Waste Haulers Record files (Ref. 10), California Extremely
Hazardous Waste Disposal Permit files (Ref. 8), and the TRW Systems' report on
recommended methods of reduction, neutralization, recovery, and disposal of hazardous
wastes (Ref. 77).
Names Synonyms RGN
Abate* 32
Acenaphthene ig
Acetamide 6
Acetaldehyde 5
Acetic acid 3
Acetic anhydride 107
Acetone Dimethyl ketone 19
Acetone cyanohydrin Hydroxyisobutyronitrile 4, 26
Acetonitrile Methyl cyanide 26
Acetophenone 19
Acetoxybutane Butyl acetate 13
Acetoxypentane Amyl acetate 13
Acetyl acetone 19
28
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Acetyl azide
Acetyl benzoyl peroxide
Acetyl bromide
Acetyl chloride
Acetylene
Acetyl nitrate '
Acetyl peroxide
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Adipic acid
Adiponitrile
Agallol
Agaloaretan
Aldicarb
Aldrin
Alkyl aluminum chloride
Alkyl resins
Allene
Allyl alcoholN
Allyl bromide
Allyl chloride
Allyl chlorocarbonate
Allyl chloroform ate
Allyl trichlorosilane
Aluminum
Aluminum aminoborohydride
Aluminum borohydride
Aluminum bromide
Aluminum carbide
Aluminum chloride
Aluminum diethyl monochloride
Aluminum fluoride
Aluminum hydride
Aluminum hypophosphide
Aluminum phosphide
Aluminum tetraazidoborate
Amino benzene
Amino butane
Aminochlorotoluene
Aminodiphenyl
Aminoethane
Aminoethanol
Aminoethanolamine
Aminohexane
Aminomethane
Amino pentane
Aminophenol
Aqualin
Methoxyethylmercuric
chloride
Methoxymethylmercuric
chloride
Temik*
2-Propen-l-ol
Bromopropene
Chloropropene
Allyl chloroformate
Allyl chlorocarbonate
Diethylaluminum chloride
Aniline
Butylamine
Chlorotoluidine
Ethylamine
Hexylamine
Methylamine
Amylamine
102
30
17, 107
17, 107
28
27, 102
30
5, 103
3, 103
26, 103
3
26
9, 20
17
107
101
28
H
17
17
13, 17
13, 17
107
22, 23
107
105, 107
107
105
107
105, 107
15, 107
105
107
107
8
7
7
7, 17
7
7
*, 7
7
7
7
7
7, 31
29
-------
Names Synonyms RGN
Aminopropane Isopropyl amine 7
Amino propionitrile 7, 26
Aminothiazole 7, 8
Aminotoluene Toluidine 7
Ammonia 10
Ammonium arsenate - 24
Ammonium azide 102
Ammonium bifluoride 15
Ammonium chlorate 102, 104
Ammonium dichromate 24, 102
Ammonium fluoride 15
Ammonium hexanitrocobaltate 24, 102
Ammonium hydroxide 10
Ammonium hypophosphide 105
Ammonium molybdate 24
Ammonium nitrate 102
Ammonium nitridoosmate 24, 104
Ammonium nitrite 102
Ammonium perchlorate 104
Ammonium periodate 102, 104
Ammonium permanganate 24, 102, 104
Ammonium persulfate 104
Ammonium picrate 102
Ammonium sulfide 33, 105
Ammonium tetrachromate 24, 104
Ammonium tetraperoxychromate 24, 102, 104
Ammonium trichromate 24, 104
Amyl acetate Acetoxy pentane 13
Amyl alcohol 4
Amyl chloride Chloropentane 17
Amyl cyanide 26
Amylamine Aminopentarie 7
Amylene Pentene 28
Amyl mercaptan Pentanethiol 20
Aniline 7
Animert* V-101 Tetrasul 20
Anisole 14
Anisole chloride 107
Anthracene 16
Antimony 23, 24
Antimony chloride Antimony trichloride 24, 107
Antimony fluoride Antimony trifluoride 24, 107
Antimony nitride 24, 25
Antimony oxychloride 24
Antimony oxide Antimony trioxide 24
Antimony pentachloride 24
Antimony pentafluoride 24
Antimony pentasulfide 24, 33, 105
Antimony perchlorate 24, 104
Antimony potassium tartrate 24
30
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Antimony sulfate
Antimony sulfide
Antimony tribromide
Antimony trichloride
Antimony trifluoride
Antimony triiodide
Antimony trioxide
Antimony trisulfate
Antimony trisulfide
Antimony trivinyl
Aqualin
Aqueous solutions & mixtures
Aretan*
Aroclor*
Arsenic
Arsenic bromide
Arsenic chloride
Arsenic dislufide
Arsenic iodide
Arsenic oxide
Arsenic pentaselenide
Arsenic pentasulfide
Arsenic pentoxide
Arsenic sulfide
Arsenic tribromide
Arsenic trichloride
Arsenic trifluoride
Arsenic triiodide
Arsenic trisulfide
A r sine
Askarel
Asphalt
Azidocarbonyl guanidine
Azido-s-triazole
Azinphos ethyl
Aziridine
a,a-Azodiisobutyronitrile
Azodrin*
Bakelite*
Banol
Barium
Barium azide
Barium bromate
Barium carbide
Barium chlorate
Barium chloride
Barium chromate
Barium fluoride
Barium fluosilicate
Antimony trisulfate
Antimony trisulfide
Antimony chloride
Antimony fluoride
Antimony oxide
Antimony sulfate
Antimony sulfide
Acrolein
Methoxyethylmer curie
chloride
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Arsenic
Arsenic
Arsenic
Arsenic
Arsenic
tribromide
trichloride
sulfide
triiodide
pentoxide
Arsenic oxide
Arsenic disulfide
Arsenic bromide
Arsenic chloride
Arsenic iodide
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Ethyleneimine
Monocrotophos
Carbanolate
2k, 33, 105
24, 107
2*, 107
2*, 107
2*, 107
2*
2*
2*, 33
24, 107
5, 103
106
2*
17
2k
2k, 107
2k, 107
2k, 33, 105
2k, 107
2k
2k
2k, 33
2k
2k, 33, 105
2k, 107
2k, 107
2k
2k, 107
2k, 33, 105
2k, 105
17
101
8, 102
8
32
7, 103
8, 26
32
101
9
21, 2k, 107
2k, 102
2k, 104
2k, 105, 107
2k, 104
2k
2k, 104
15, 24
24
31
-------
Names
Barium hydride
Barium hydroxide
Barium hypophosphide
Barium iodate
Barium iodide
Barium monoxide
Barium nitrate
Barium oxide
Barium perchlorate
Barium permanganate
Barium peroxide
Barium phosphate
Barium stearate
Barium sulfide
Barium sulfite
Bassa*
Bayer 25141
Baygon*
Benzadox
Benzal bromide
Benzal chloride
Benzaldehyde
Benz-a-pyrene
Benzene
Benzene diazonium chloride
Benzene phosphorus dichloride
Benzidine
Benzole acid
Benzonitrile
Benzophenone
Benzoquinone
Benzotriazole
Benzotribromide
Benzotri chl ori de
Benzotrifluoride
Benzoyl chloride
Benzoyl peroxide
Benzyl alcohol
Benzylamine
Benzyl benzene
Benzyl bromide
Benzyl chloride
Benzyl chlorocarbonate
Benzyl chloroform ate
Benzyl silane
Benzyl sodium
Beryllium
Beryllium copper alloy
Beryllium fluoride
Beryllium hydride
Synonyms
Barium oxide
Barium monoxide
BPMC
Fensulfothion
Topcide*
Quinone
Trifluoromethylbenzene
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Diphenylm ethane
Bromotoluene
Chlorotoluene
Benzyl chloroform ate
Benzyl chlorocarbonate
RGN
24, 105
10, 24
24, 105
24, 104
24
10, 24, 107
24, 104
10, 24, 107
24, 104
24, 104
24, 104
24
24
24, 33, 105, 107
24
9
32
9
6
17
17
5
16
16
8, 102
107
7
3
26
19
19
8, 102
17
17
17
107
30, 102
4
7
16
17
17
17
17
105, 107
105
24
24
15, 24
24, 105, 107
32
-------
Names Synonyms RGN
Beryllium hydroxide 10, 24
Beryllium oxide 24
Beryllium sulfide 33, 105
Beryllium tetrahydroborate 24, 105, 107
Bidrin* 32
Bismuth 22, 23, 24
Bismuth chromate 24
Bismuthic acid 24
Bismuth nitride 24, 25, 102
Bismuth pentafluoride 24, 107
Bismuth pentaoxide 24
Bismuth sulfide 24, 33, 105
Bismuth tribromide 24
Bismuth trichloride 24
Bismuth triiodide 24
Bismuth trioxide 24
Bismuth trisulfide 24, 33, 105
Blada-fum* Sulfotepp 32
Blue vitriol Copper sulfate 24
Bomyl 32
Borane 24, 107
Bordeaux arsenites 24
Boric acid 1
Boron arsenotribromide 24, 105
Boron bromodiiodide 24, 107
Boron dibromoiodide 24, 107
Boron nitride 24, 25
Boron phosphide 24, 107
Boron triazide 24, 102
Boron tribromide 24, 107
Boron trichloride 24, 107
Boron trifluoride 24, 107
Boron triiodide 24, 107
Boron "trisulfide 24, 33, 105
BPMC Bassa* 9
Brass 23
Bromic acid 2
Bromine
Bromine azide
Bromine cyanide Cyanogen bromide
Bromine monofluoride
Bromine pentafluoride
Bromine trifluoride 10/f»
Bromoacetylene
Bromobenzoyl acetanilide 6»
Bromobenzyl trifluoride
Bromodiborane
Bromodiethylaluminum
Bromodimethoxyaniline
Bromoform Tribromomethane 17
33
-------
Names
Bromomethane
Bromophenol
Bromopropene
Bromopropyne
Bromosilane
Bromotoluene
Bromotrichloromethane
B r om ot r if 1 uom ethane
Bromoxynil
Bronze
Buna-N*
Bunker fuel oil
Butacarb
Butadiene
Butadiyne
Butanal
Butane
Butanediol
Butanethiol
Butanetriol trinitrate
Butanol
Butanone
Butenal
Butene
Butene-2-one
Butyl acetate
n-Butyl acrylate
Butylamine
Butyl alcohol
t-Butyl azidoformate
Butyl benzene
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Butyl cellusolve*
Butyl dichloroborane
Butyl ether
Butly formate
Butyl fluoride
Butyl glycidyl ether
Butyl hydroperoxide
t-Butyl hypochlorite
n-Butyl lithium
Butyl mercaptan
Butyl peroxide
Butyl peroxyacetate
Butyl peroxybenzoate
Butyl peroxypivalate
t-Butyl perbenzoate
t-Butyl-3-phenyl oxazirane
Butyl trichlorosilane
Synonyms
Methyl bromide
Allyl bromide
Benzyl bromide
3,5-D i brom o-4-hydr oxy
benzonitrile
Diacetylene
Butyraldehyde
Butyl mercaptan
Butyl alcohol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Crotonaldehyde
Methyl vinyl ketone
Acetoxy butane
Aminobutane
Butanol
Phenylbutane
Dibutyl ether
Butanethiol
t-Butyl perbenzoate
Butyl peroxyacetate
RGN
17
17, 31
17
17
105
17
17
17
17, 26, 31
23
101
101
9
28, 103
28
5
29
1
20
102
4
19
5
28
19
13
13, 103
7
1
8
16
13
4
105
1*
13
17
34
30
102, 104
105, 107
20
30
30
30
30
30
34
107
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Butyramide
Butyraldehyde
Butyric acid
Butyronitrile
Bux*
Cacodylic acid
Cadmium
Cadmium acetylide
Cadmium amide
Cadmium azide
Cadmium bromide
Cadmium chlorate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium cyanide
Cadmium fluoride
Cadmium hexamine chlorate
Cadmium hexamine perchlorate
Cadmium iodide
Cadmium nitrate
Cadmium nitride
Cadmium oxide
Cadmium phosphate
Cadmium sulfide
Cadmium trihydrazine chlorate
Cadmium trihydrazine perchlorate
Calcium
Calcium arsenate
Calcium arsenite
Calcium bromate
Calcium carbide
Calcium chlorate
Calcium chlorite
Calcium fluoride
Calcium hexammoniate
Calcium hydride
Calcium hydroxide
Calcium hypochlorite
Calcium hypophosphide
Calcium iodate
Calcium-manganese-siiicon alloy
Calcium nitrate
Calcium oxide
Calcium oxychloride
Calcium perchromate
Calcium permanganate
Calcium peroxide
Calcium phosphide
Calcium sulfide
Camphor oil
Capric acid
Butanol
Dimethylarsenic acid
Hydrated lime
Calcium oxychloride
Lime nitrate, nitrocalcite
Slaked lime
Calcium hypochlorite
6
5
3
26
9
2k
23, 2H
2k, 105, 107
2k, 10, 107
2k, 102
2k
2k, 104
2k
11, 2k
15, 2k
2k, 102
2k, 102
2k
2k, 102, 104
2k, 25, 102
2k
2k
2k, 33, 105
2k, 102
2k, 102
2k, 102
2k
2k
104
105, 107
104
104
15
105
105, 107
10
104
105
104
23
104
10, 107
104
104
104
104
107
33, 105
101
3
35
-------
Names
Caproic acid
Caprylic acid
Caprylyl peroxide
Carbacrol
Car bar yl
Carbetamide
Carbanolate
Carbofuran
Carbolic acid
Carbolic oil
Carbon, activated, spent
Carbon bisulfide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Carbon tetraiodide
Castrix
Catechol
Caustic potash
Caustic soda
CDEC
Cellulose
Cellulose nitrate
Cerium
Cerium hydride
Cerium trisulfide
Cerous phosphide
Cesium
Cesium amide
Cesium azide
Cesium carbide
Cesium fluoride
Cesium hexahydroaluminate
Cesium hydride
Cesium phosphide
Cesium sulfide
Chloral hydrate
Chlordane
Chlorestol
Chlorfenvinphos
Chloric acid
Chlorine
Chlorine azide
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine fluoroxide
Chlorine monofluoride
Chlorine monoxide
Chlorine pentafluoride
Chlorine trifluoride
Chlorine trioxide
Synonyms
Hexanoic acid
Octyl peroxide
Banol
Furadan*
Phenol
Carbon disulfide
Carbon bisulfide
Tetrachlorom ethane
Crimidine
Potassium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide
Nitro cellulose
Trichloroacetaldehyde
Polychlorinated biphenyl
RGN
3
3
30
31
9
6
9
9
31
31
101
20
20
17
17
17
7
31
10
10
12
101
27, 102
22
105
33, 105
105
21
107
102
105
15
105
105, 107
107
33, 105
5
17
17
32
2, 104
102
102, 104, 107
102, 104
104, 107
104
104, 107
104, 107
102, 104
36
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloroacetic acid
Chloroacetone
Chloroacetophenone
Chloroacetyl chloride
Chloroacetylene
C hlor oacr ylon it r il e
Chloroazodin
Chloro benzene
Chlorobenzotriazole
Chlorobenzoyl peroxide
Chlorobenzyiidene malononitrile
Chiorobutyronitrile
Chloro chromic anhydride
Chlorocreosol
Chlorodiborane
Chlorodiisobutyl aluminum
Chlorodimethylamine diborane
C hlor odinitr o ben zene
Chloro dinitrotoluene
Chlorodipropyl borane
Chloroethane
Chloroethanol
Chloroethylenimine
Chloroform
Chlorohydrin
Chloromethane
Chloromethyl methyl ether
Chloromethyl phenoxyacetic acid
Chloronitroaniline
Chloronitrobenzene
Chloropentane
Chlorophenol
Chlorophenyl isocyanate
Chloropicrin
Chloropropane
Chloro propene
Chloropropylene oxide
Chlorosilane
Chlorosulfonic acid
Chloro thion*
Chloro toluene
Chlorotoluidine
Chlorotrinitrobenzene
B-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine
Chlorpicrin
Chromic acid
Monochloroacetic acid
Monochloroacetone
Phenyl Chloromethyl ketone
Chromyl chloride
Dinitrochlorobenzene
Ethyl chloride
Trichloromethane
Methyl chloride
Nitrochlorobenzene
Amyl chloride
Chlorpicrin,
Trichloronitromethane
Isopropyl chloride
Allyl chloride
Epichlorohydrin
Benzyl chloride
Picryl chloride
Lewisite
Trichloronitrom ethane
Chromic anhydride,
Chromium trioxide
5, 17
3, 17
17, 19
17, 19
107
102
17, 26
8, 17
17
8, 17
17, 30
17, 26
17, 26
, 107
17, 31
105
105, 107
105
17, 27
17, 27
105
17
*, 7
17
17
17
17
17
3, 17
17, 27
17, 27
17
31
17, 18, 107
17, 27, 102
17
17
17, 34
105
1
17, 32
17
7, 17
17, 27, 102
24
17, 27, 102
2, 24, 104
37
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Chromic anyhdride
Chromic chloride
Chromic fluoride
Chromic oxide
Chromic sulfate
Chromium
Chromium sulfate
Chromic sulfide
Chromium trichloride
Chromium trifluoride
Chromium trioxide
Chromyl chloride
Chrysene
CMME
Coal oil
Coal tar
Cobalt
Cobalt bromide
Cobalt chloride
Cobalt nitrate
Cobaltous bromide
Cobaltous chloride
Cobaltous nitrate
Cobaltous resinate
Cobaltous sulfate
Cobalt resinate
Cobalt sulfate
Collodion
Copper
Copper acetoarsenite
Copper acetylide
Copper arsenate
Copper arsenite
Copper chloride
Copper chlorotetrazole
Copper cyanide
Copper nitrate
Copper nitride
Copper sulfate
Copper sulfide
Compound 1836
Coroxon*
Coumafuryl
Coumatetralyl
Cresol
Cresol glydicyl ether
Cresote
Crimidine
Chromium trioxide,
Chromic acid
Chromium trichloride
Chromium trifluoride
Chromium sulfate
Chromic sulfate
Chromic chloride
Chromic fluoride
Chromic acid,
Chromic anhydride
Chloro chromic anhydride
Methyl chloromethyl ether
Cobaltous bromide
Cobaltous chloride
Cobaltous nitrate
Cobalt bromide
Cobalt chloride
Cobalt nitrate
Cobalt resinate
Cobalt sulfate
Cobaltous resinate
Cobaltous suifate
Pyroxylin
Paris Green
Cupric arsenate
Cupric arsenite
Cupric chloride
Cupric cyanide
Cupric nitrate
Cupric sulfate, Blue vitriol
Diethyl chlorvinyl phosphate
Fumarin
24,
Castrix
2, 24, 104
24
15, 24
24
24
23, 24
24
24, 33, 105
24
15, 24
2, 24, 104
24, 104, 107
16
14, 17
101
31
22, 23, 24
24
24
24, 104
24
24
24, 104
24
24
24
24
27
23, 24
24
102, 105, 107
24
24
24
24
11, 24
24, 104
24, 25
24
24, 33, 105
17, 32
32
19
19
31
34
31
7
38
-------
Names
Crotonaldehyde
Crotyl alcohol
Crotyl bromide
Crotyl chloride
Cumene
Cumene hydro peroxide
Cupric arsenate
Cupric arsenite
Cupric chloride
Cupric cyanide
Cupric nitrate
Cupric sulfate
Cupriethylenediamine
Cyanoacetic acid
C yanochlor o pentane
Cyanogen
Cyanogen bromide
Cyanophenphos
Cyanuric triazide
Cycloheptane
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanone
Cydohexanone peroxide
Cyclohexylamine
Cyclohexenyl trichlorosilane
Cyclohexyl phenol
Cyclohexyl trichlorosilane
Cyclopentane
Cyclopentanol
Cyclopentene
Cyclopropane
Cyclotrimethylene trinitraamine
Cymene
Cyolan*
2,4-D
Dasanit*
DBCP
DCB
ODD
DDNP
DDT
DDVP
DEAC
Decaborane
D ecahydr ona pht hal ene
Decalin
Decane
Decanol
Decene
Synonyms
Butenal
Isopropyl benzene
Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
Copper arsenate
Copper arsenite
Copper chloride
Copper cyanide
Copper nitrate
Copper sulfate
Malonic nitrile
Bromine cyanide
Surecide*
RDX
Phospholan
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Fensulfothion
Dibromochloropropane
Dichlorobenzene
Diazodinitrophenol
Dichlorovos, Vapona*
Diethylaluminum chloride
Decalin
Decahydronaphthalene
RGN
5
4
17
17
16
30
24
24
24
11, 24
24, 104
24
7, 24
3, 26
17, 26
26
11
26, 32
102
29
29
4
19
30
7
107
31
107
29
4
28
29
27, 102
16
20, 32
3, 17
32
17
17
17
8, 27, 102
17
17, 32
105, 107
107
29
29
29
4
28
39
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Decyl benzene
Delnav*
Demeton-s-methyl sulfoxid
Diacetone alcohol
Diacetyl
Di acetylene
Diamine
Diaminobenzene
Diaminohexane
Diazidoethane
Diazinon*
Diazodinitrophenol
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Diborane
Diboron hexahydride
Dibutyl ether
Dibutyl phthalate
3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile
Dibromochloropropane
Dibromoethane
Dichloroacetone
Dichloroamine
Di chlororoben zene
Di chl or o ben zi di ne
Dichlorodimethylsilane
Dichloroethane
Dichloroethene
Dichloroether
Dichloroethylarsine
Ethyl dichlorosilane
Ethyl ether
Dichloroisocyanuric acid
Di chlorom ethane
Dichlorophene
Dichlorophenol
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Dichloropropane
Dichloropropanol
Dichloropropene
Dichloropropylene
Dichloro-s-triazine-2,4,5-trione
Dichlorovos
Dicumyl peroxide
Di cyclo pentadi ene
Dieldrin
Diethanolamine
Diethyl aluminum chloride
Diethylamine
Diethyl benzene
Dioxathion
Metasystox R*
Butadiyne
Hydrazine
Phenylene diamine
Hexamethylenediamine
DDNP
Benzoyl peroxide
Diboron hexahydride
Diborane
Butyl ether
Bromoxynil
DBCP, Fumazone*, Nemagon*
Ethylene dibromide
DCB
Dimethyl dichlorosilane
Ethylene dichloride
Dichloroethylene
Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloroether
Dichloro-s-triazine-2,4,5-trione
Methylene chloride
2,4-D
Propylene dichloride
Dichloropropylene
Dichloropropene
Dichloroisocyanuric acid
DDVP
16
32
32
4, 19
19
28
8, 105
7
7
8, 102
32
27, 102
30, 102
105, 107
105, 107
14
13
17, 26, 31
17
17
17, 19
Aluminum diethylmonochloride,
DEAL
17
7, 17
107
17
17
, 1*, 17
24, 107
107
14, 17
104
17
17
17, 31
3, 17
17
4, 17
17
17
104
17, 32
30
28
17
<*, 7
105, 107
7
16
40
-------
Names
Diethyl chlorovinyl phosphate
Diethyl dichlorosilane
Diethylene dioxide
Diethylene glycol dinitrate
Diethylene glycol monobutyl
ether acetate
Diethylene triamine
Diethyl ether
Diethyl ketone
Diethyltoluamide
Diethyl zinc
Diesel oil
Difluorophosphoric acid
Diglycidyl ether
Diisobutylene
Diisobutyl ketone
Diisopropanolamine
Diisopropyl benzene hydroperoxide
Diisopropyl beryllium
Diisopropyl ether
Diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate
Dimecron*
Dimefox
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl amine
Dimethylamino azobenzene
Dimethyl arsenic acid
Dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide
Dimethyl butane
Dimethyl butyne
Dimethyl dichlorosilane
Dimethyldithiophosphoric acid
Dimethyl ether
Dimethyl formal
Dimethyl formamide
Dimethylhexane dihydroperoxide
Dimethyl hydrazine
Dimethyl ketone
Dimethyl magnesium
Dimethylnitrobenzene
Dimethylnitrosoamine
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimeton
Di nitrobenzene
Dinitrochloro benzene
2,4-Dinitro-6-sec-butyl phenol
Dinitrocresol
Dinitrophenol
Dinitrophenyl hydrazine
Dinitro toluene
Synonyms
Compound 1836
Dioxane
Zinc ethyl
Bis(2,3-epoxypropyl) ether
Isopropyl ether
Isopropyl percarbonate
Phosphamidon
Hanane*
Methyl yellow
Cacodylic acid
Cumene hydroperoxide
Neohexane
Dichlorodimethylsilane
UDMH
Acetone
Nitroxylene
N-Nitrosodimethyl amine
Methyl sulfide
C hi orodini tr obenzene
Dinoseb
DNOC, Elgetol 30
RGN
17, 32
107
14
27, 102
13
7
19
6
24, 105, 107
101
1
28
19
4, 17
30
24, 104, 107
14
30
32
6, 32
28
7
7, 8
24
30
29
28
107
32
14
19
6
30
8
19
105, 107
27
7, 27
20
32
27
\ 17, 27
27, 31
27, 31
27, 31
8, 27
27
41
-------
Names
Dinoseb
Dioxacarb
Dioxane
Dioxathion
Dipentaerythritol hexanitrate
Dipentene
Diphenamide
Diphenyl
Diphenyl acetylene
Diphenylamine
Diphenylamine chloroarsine
Diphenyl ethane
Diphenyl ethylene
Diphenyl methane
Diphenylmethane diisocyanate
Diphenyl oxide
Dipicryl amine
Dipropyl amine
Disulfoton
Disulfurie acid
Disulfur dinitride
Disulfuryl chloride
Disyston*
Dithane* M-45
Dithione*
DNOC
Dodecene
Dodecyl benzene
Dodecyl trichlorosilane
Dowco-139*
Dowicide I
Dowtherm
Durene
Dyfonate*
Dynes Thinner
Elgetol 30
Endolsulfan
Endothall
Endothion
Endrin
EPN
Epichlorohydrin
Epoxybutane
Epoxybutene
Epoxyethane
Epoxyethylbenzene
Bis(2-3-Epoxypropyl) ether
Ethane
Ethanethiol
Ethanol
Synonyms
2,4-Dinitro-6-sec-butylphenol
Diethylene dioxide
Delnav*
Phenylbenzene
Phenarsazine chloride
Stilbene
Benzylbenzene
Hexanitrodiphenylamine
Disyston*
Disulfoton
Sulfotepp
Dinitrocresol
Mexacarbate
o-Phenyl phenol
Fonofos
Dinitrocresol
Thiodan*
Exothion
Chloropropylene oxide
Ethylene oxide
Diglycidyl ether
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl alcohol
RGN
27, 31
9
14
32
27, 102
28
6
16
16
7
7, 24
16
16
16
18, 107
14
7, 27, 102
7
32
1
25, 102
107
32
12
32
27, 31
28
16
107
9
31
16
16
32
101
27, 31
17, 20
3
32
17
32
17, 34
34
34
34, 103
34
34
29
20
4
42
-------
Names
Ethion*
Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetylene
Ethylacrylate
Ethyl alcohol
Ethylamine
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl butanoate
Ethyl butyrate
Ethyl chloride
Ethyl chloroform ate
Ethyl dichloroarsine
Ethyl dichlorosilane
Ethyl ether
Ethylene
Ethylene chromic oxide
Ethylene chlorohydrin
Ethylene cyanohydrin
Ethylene diamine
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene dichloride
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol dinitrate
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Ethyleneimine
Ethylene oxide
Ethyl formate
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate
Ethyl mercaptan
Ethyl nitrate
Ethyl nitrite
Ethyl propionate
Ethyl trichlorosilane
Exothion
Eugenol
Fensulfothion
Per bam
Ferric arsenate
Ferric sulfide
Ferrous arsenate
Ferrous sulfide
Fluoranthrene
Fluorene
Fluorine
Fluorine azide
Fluorine monoxide
Fl uoroacetanili de
Fluoroacetic acid
Fluoroboric acid
Synonyms
Nialate
Ethanol
Aminoethane
Phenylethane
Ethyl butyrate
Ethyl butanoate
Chloroethane
Dichloroethylarsine
Diethyl ether
Hydroxypropionitrile
Dibromoethane
Dichloroethane
Glycol dinitrate
Aziridine
Epoxyethane
Ethanethiol
Endothion
Bayer 25141, Dasanit*
Iron arsenate
Oxygen difluoride
RGN
32
4, 14
13
28
13, 103
<4
7
16
13
13
17
13, 17
24, 107
107
14
28
24, 104
4, 17
4, 26
7
17
17
4
27, 102
4, 14, 17
7, 103
34, 103
13
13, 103
20
27, 102
27, 102
13
107
32
31
32
12
24
33
24
33, 105
16
16
104, 107
102
104, 107
6, 17
3
1, 15
43
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Fluorosulfonic acid
Fluosulfonic acid
Fluosiiicic acid
Fonofos*
Formaldehyde
Form amide
Formetanate hydrochloride
Formic acid
Fostion*
Freon*
Fumaric acid
Fumarin
Fumazone*
Furadan*
Furan
Furfural
Furfuran
Gas oil, cracked
Gasoline
Germanium sulfide
Glutar aldehyde
Glycerin
Glycidol
Glycol di acetate
Glycol dinitrate
Glycol ether
Glycolic acid
Glycol monolactate trinitrate
Glycolonitrile
Gold acetylide
Gold cyanate
Gold fulminate
Gold sulfide
Grease
Guaiacol
Guanyl nitrosaminoguanylidene hydrazine
Guanidine nitrate
Gun cotton
Guthion*
Hafnium
Hanane*
Hemimellitene
Heptachlor
Heptane
Heptanal
Heptanol
Heptanone
Heptene
Hexaborane
Hexachlorobenzene
Fluosulfonic acid
Fluorosulfonic acid
Dyfonate*
Methanal
Methanoic acid
Prothoate
Coumafuryl
Dibrom ochloropropane
Carbofuran
Furfuran
Ethylene glycol dinitrate
Gold fulminate
Gold cyanate
Nitrocellulose
Dimefox
1, 107
1, 107
1, 15
32
5
6
6
3
32
17
3
19
17
9
101
101
33, 105
5
4
34
13
27, 102
1*
3
27, 102
26
105, 107
102
102
33, 105
101
31
8, 102
27, 104
27, 102
32
22
6, 32
16
17
29
5
4
19
28
105
17
44
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Hexadecyl trichorosilane
Hexaethyl tetraphosphate
Hexafluorophosphoric acid
Hexahydride diborane
Hexamethyl benzene
Hexam ethylenediamine
Hexamethylenetetraamine
Hexanal
Hexanitrodiphenylamine
Hexanol
Hexanoic acid
Hexene
Hexyiamine
Hexyl trichlorosilane
Hexyne
HMX
Hopcide*
Hydrated lime
Hydrazine
Hydrazine azide
Hydrazoic acid
Hydriodic acid
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen azide
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen iodide
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen phosphide
Hydrogen selenide
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydroquinone
Hydroxyacetophenone
Hydroxydibromobenzoic acid
Hydroxydiphenol
H ydroxyhydroquinone
Hydroxyacetophenone
Hydroxyisobutyronitrile
Hydroxyl amine
Hydroxypropionitrile
Hypochlorous acid
Indene
Indium
Inerteen
Iodine monochloride
Iodine pentoxide
Diborane
Diaminohexane
Dipicrylamine
Caproic acid
Aminohexane
Calcium hydroxide
Diamine
Hydrogen azide
Hydrogen iodide
Hydrogen bromide
Muriatic acid
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrazoic acid
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydroiodic acid
Phosphine
Acetone cyanohydrin
Ethylene cyanohydrin
Polychlorinated biphenyl
107
32
1, 15
105, 107
16
7
7
5
7, 27, 102
4
3
28
7
107
28
102
9
10
8, 105
8, 102
102
1
1, 107
1
1, 11
1, 15
102
1, 107
1, 11
1, 15
1
104
105
24, 105
33, 105
31
19, 31
3, 17
31
31
19, 31
4, 26
105
4, 26
2
16
22, 23, 24
17
107
104
45
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Iron
Iron arsenate
Isobutane
Isobutanol
Isobutyl acetate
Isobutyl acrylate
Isobutylene
Isodecyl acrylate
Isodurene
Isoeugenol
Isohexane
Isooctane
Isooctene
Isopentane
Isophorone
Isoprene
Isopropanol
Isopropyl acetate
Isopropyi acetylene
Isopropyl amine
Isopropyl benzene
Isopropyl chloride
Isopropyl ether
Isopropyl mercaptan
N-Isopropylmethylcarbamate
a-Isopropyl methylphosphoryl fluoride
Isopropyl percarbonate
Isotactic propylene
a-100
Jet oil
Kerosene
Lacquer thinner
Landrin*
Lannate*
Lauroyl peroxide
Lead
Lead acetate
Lead arsenate
Lead arsenite
Lead azide
Lead carbonate
Lead chlorite
Lead cyanide
Lead dinitroresorcinate
Lead mononitroresorcinate
Lead nitrate
Lead orthoarsenate
Lead oxide
Lead styphnate
Lead sulfide
Ferrous arsenate
Trimethylpentane
Methyl butane
Methyl butadiene
Aminopropane
Cumene
Chloropropane
Diisopropyl ether
Diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate
Methomyl
Lead orthoarsenate
Lead arsenate
Lead trinitroresorcinate
23
24
29
it
13
13, 103
28
13
16
31
29
29
28
29
19
28, 103
4
13
28
7
16
17
1*
20
9
17, 32
30
101
101
101
101
101
9
9, 20
30
23, 24
24
24, 102
24
24, 104
11, 24
24, 27, 102
24, 27, 102
24, 104
24
24
24, 27, 102
24, 33, 104
46
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Lead trinitroresorcinate
Lewisite
Lime nitrate
Lindane
Lithium
Lithium aluminum hydride
Lithium amide
Lithium ferrosilicon
Lithium hydride
Lithium hydroxide
Lithium hypochlorite
Lithium nitride
Lithium peroxide
Lithium silicon
Lithium sulfide
London purple
Lye
Magnesium
Magnesium arsenate
Magnesium arsenite
Magnesium chlorate
Magnesium fluoride
Magnesium nitrate
Magnesium perchl orate
Magnesium peroxide
Magnesium sulfide
Malathion
Maleic acid
Malonic nitrile
Maneb
Manganese
Manganese acetate
Manganese arsenate
Manganese bromide
Manganese chloride
Manganese methylcyclopentadienyl-
tricarbonyl
Manganese nitrate
Manganese sulfide
Manganous arsenate
Manganous bromide
Manganous chloride
Manganous nitrate
Mannitol hexanitrate
Matacil*
Mayer's reagent
Medinoterb acetate
Meobal
Mercaptobenzothiazole
Mercatoethanol
Lead styphnate
3-Chlorovinyidichloroarsine
Calcium nitrate
24, 27, 102
Sodium hydroxide
Cyanoacetic acid
Manganous arsenate
Manganous bromide
Manganous chloride
Manganous nitrate
Manganese arsenate
Manganese bromide
Manganese chloride
Manganese nitrate
Nitromannite
Mercuric potassium iodide
17
21, 107
105, 107
10, 107
107
105, 107
10
104
25
104, 107
107
33, 105
24
10
21, 22
24
24
104
15
104
104
104
33, 105
32
3
3, 26
12
22, 23, 24
24
24
24
24
24
24, 104
24, 33, 105
24
24
24
104
27, 102
9
24
13, 27
9
8, 20
4, 20
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Mercarbam
Mercuric acetate
Mercuric ammonium chloride
Mercuric benzoate
Mercuric bromide
Mercuric chioride
Mercuric cyanide
Mercuric dioxysulfate
Mercuric iodide
Mercuric nitrate
Mercuric oleate
Mercuric oxide
Mercuric oxycyanide
Mercuric potassium iodide
Mercuric salicylate
Mercuric subsulfate
Mercuric sulfate
Mercuric sulfide
Mercuric thiocyanate
Mercuric thiocyanide
Mercurol
Mercurous bromide
Mercurous gluconate
Mercurous iodide
Mercurous nitrate
Mercurous oxide
Mercurous sulfate
Mercury
Mercury (vapor)
Mercury acetate
Mercury ammonium chloride
Mercury benzoate
Mercury bisulfate
Mercury chloride
Mercury cyanide
Mercury fulminate
Mercury iodide
'Mercury nitrate
Mercury nucleate
Mercury oleate
Mercury sulfate
Mesitylene
Mesityl oxide
Mesurol*
Metasystox-R
M etham
Methanal
Methane
Methanethiol
Methanoic acid
Mercury ammonium chloride
Mercury benzoate
Mercury chloride
Mercury cyanide
Mercuric subsulfate
Mercury iodide
Mercury nitrate
Mercury oleate
Mayer's reagent
Salicylated mercury
Mercuric dioxysulfate
Mercury sulfate
Mercury thiocyanide
Mercury thiocyanate
Mercury nucleate
Mercury bisulfate
Mercuric acetate
Mercuric ammonium chloride
Mercuric benzoate
Mercurous sulfate
Mercuric chloride
Mercuric cyanide
Mercuric iodide
Mercuric nitrate
Mercurol
Mercuric oleate
Mercuric sulfate
1,3,5-trim ethyl benzene
Demeton-S-methyl sulfoxid
Formaldehyde
Methyl mercaptan
Formic acid
32
2k
2k
2k
2k
2k
11, 2k
2k
2k
2k, 104
2k
2k
11, 2k, 102
2k
2k
2k
2k
2k, 33, 105
2k
2k
2k
2k
2k
2k
2k, 104
2k
2k
2k
22, 2k
2k
2k
2k
2k
2k
11, 2k
2k, 102
2k
2k, 104
2k
2k
2k
16
19
9
32
12
5
29
20
3
48
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Methanol
Methomyl
Methoxyethylmercuric chloride
Methyl acetate
Methyl acetone
Methyl acetylene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl alcohol
Methyl aluminum sesquibromide
Methyl aluminum sesquichloride
Methylamine
Methyl amyl acetate
N-Methyl aniline
Methyl aziridine
Methyl benzene
Methyl bromide
Methyl butadiene
Methyl butane
Methyl butene
Methyl butyl ether
Methyl t-butyl ketone
Methyl butyne
Methyl butyrate
Methyl chloride
Methyl chlorocarbonate
Methyl chloroform
Methyl chloroform ate
Methyl chloromethyl ether
Methyl cyanide
Methyl cydohexane
Methyl dichloroarsine
Methyl dichlorosilane
Methylene chloride
M ethyl ene diisocyanate
4,4-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl ethyl chloride
Methyl ethyl ether
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
Methyl ethyl pyridine
Methyl formate
Methyl hydrazine
Methyl iodide
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl isopropenyl ketone
Methyl magnesium bromide
Methyl magnesium chloride
Methyl magnesium iodide
Methyl mercaptan
Methyl alcohol
Lannate*
Agallolaretan*
Methyl butyne
Methanol
Aminomethane
Propyleneimine
Toluene
Bromomethane
Isoprene
Isopentane
Isopropyl acetylene
Chloromethane
Methyl chloroformate
Methyl chlorocarbonate
CMME
Acetonitrile
Dichloromethane
Butanone
Monomethyl hydrazine
Methanethiol
49
9, 20
24
13
101
28
13, 103
4
105, 107
105, 107
7
13
7
7
16
17
28, 103
29
28
14
19
28
13
17
13, 17
17
13, 17
14, 17
26
29
24
107
17
18, 107
7, 17
17
14
19
30
7
13
8
17
19
18, 107
19
105, 107
105, 107
105, 107
20
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl naphthalene
Methyl parathion
Methyl pentanoate
Methyl propionate
Methyl n-propyl ketone
Methyl styrene
Methyl sulfide
Methyl trichlorosilane
Methyl valerate
Methyl vinyl ketone
Methyl yellow
Mevinphos
Mexacarbate
Mineral spirits
Mintacol*
Mipcin*
Mobam*
Mocap*
Molybdenum
Molybdenum anhydride
Molybdenum sulfide
Molybdenum trioxide
Molybdic acid
Monochloroacetone
Monochloroacetic acid
Monocrotophos
Monoethanol amine
Monofluorophosphoric acid
Monoisopropanolamine
Monomethyl hydrazine
Morpholine
Municipal solid waste
Muriatic acid
Nab am
Nack
Nak
Naptha
Naphthalene
Naphthol
Naphthylamine
Naphthyl mercaptan
Naphtite
Nemagon*
Neohexane
4-NBP
Niacide*
Nialate
Nickel
Nickel acetate
Methyl valerate
Dimethyl sulfide
Methyl pentanoate
Butene-2-one
Dimethyiamino azobenzene
Phosdrin*
Dowco-139*
Paraoxon
Molybdenum trioxide
Molybdenum anhydride
Chloroacetone
Chloroacetic acid
Azodrin*
Methyl hydrazine
Refuse
Hydrochloric acid
Sodium-potassium alloy
Sodium-potassium alloy
Trinitronaphthalene
Dibromochloropropane
Dimethyl butane
Nitrobiphenyl
Ethion
13, 103
16
32
13
13
19
28, 103
20
107
13
19
7, 8
32
9
101
32
9
9
32
22, 23, 24
24
24, 33, 105
24
24
17, 19
3, 17
32
4, 7
1
4, 7
8
7
101
1
12
21, 107
21, 107
101
16
31
7
20
27, 102
17
29
27
12
32
22, 24
24
50
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Nickel antimonide
Nickel arsenate
Nickel arsenite
Nickel carbonyl
Nickel chloride
Nickel cyanide
Nickel nitrate
Nickelous arsenate
Nickelous arsenite
Nickelous chloride
Nickelous nitrate
Nickel selenide
Nickel subsulfide
Nickel sulfate
Nickel tetracarbonyl
Nitraniline
Nitric acid
Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzol
Nitrobiphenyl
Nitrocalcity
Nitrocellulose
Nitrochlorobenzene
Nitrogen dioxide
Nitromannite
Nitrogen mustard
Nitrogen tetroxide
Nitroglycerin
Nitrohydrochloric acid '
Nitrophenol
Nitropropane
Nitrosodimethylamine
Nitrosoguanidine
Nitrostarch
Nitroxylene
Nitroxylos
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Nonyl phenol
Nonyl trichlorosilane
Nonane
Nonene
Nonanone
Nonanal
Nonanol
Octadecyl trichlorosilane
Octadecyne
Octamethylpyrophosphoramide
Octanal
Octane
Nickelous arsenate
Nickelous arsenite
Nickel tetracarbonyl
Nickelous chloride
Nickelous nitrate
Nickel arsenate
Nickel arsenite
Nickel chloride
Nickel nitrate
Nickel carbonyl
Nitroaniline
Nitraniline
Nitrobenzol
Nitrobenzene
4-NBP
Calcium nitrate
Cellulose nitrate, gun cotton
Chloronitrobenzene
Mannitol hexanitrate
Trinitroglycerin
Dimethylnitrosiamine
Starch nitrate
Nitroxylol, Dimethylnitrobenzene
Nitroxylene, Dimethylnitrobenzene
Dimethylnitrosoamine
24,
Schradan
24, 107
24
24
24
24
11, 24
24, 104
24
24
24
24, 104
24
33, 105
24
24
7, 27
2
7, 27
27
27
27
104
27, 102
17, 27
104
27, 102
7, 17
104
27, 102
2
27, 31
27
7, 27
27, 102
27, 102
27
27
7, 27
31
107
29
28
19
5
4
107
28
6, 32
5
29
51
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Octanone
Octanol
Octene
Octyl peroxide
Octyl trichlorosilane
Oil of her gam ot
Oil of vitriol
Oleum
Orris root
Orthozenol
Osmium
Osmium amine nitrate
Osmium amine perchlorate
Oxamyl
Oxalic acid
Oxygen difluoride
PCS
Paper
Paraoxon
Parathion
Paris green
PETD
PETN
Pentaborane
Pentachlorophenol
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Pentamethyl benzene
Pentane
Pentanethiol
Pentanal
Pentanone
Pentene
Pentylamine
Pentyne
Per ace tic acid
Perbromic acid
Perchloric acid
Perchloroethylene
Perchlorom ethyl mercaptan
Perchlorous acid
Perchloryl fluoride
Periodic acid
Permonosulfuric acid
Peroxyacetic acid
PETD
Petroleum naptha
Petroleum oil
Phenanthrene
Phenarsazine chloride
Caprylyl peroxide
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid
o-Phenyl phenol
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Mintacol*
Copper acetoarsenite
Polyram combi*
Pentaerythrityl tetranitrate,
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Pentaerythrityl tetranitrate, PETN
Amyl mercaptan
Valer aldehyde
Amylene
Peroxyacetic acid
Tet r achl or oethyl ene
Trichloromethylsulfenylchloride
Peracetic acid
Polyram combi*
Diphenylamine chloroarsine
19
t*
28
30
107
101
1
2, 24
101
31
23, 24
24, 104
24, 104
9
3
104, 107
17
101
32
32
24
12
27, 102
105
17, 31
27, 102
16
29
20
5
19
28
7
28
3, 30
2
2
17
17, 20
2
104
2
1
3, 30
12
101
101
16
7, 24
52
-------
Names
Phenol
Phenyl acetic acid
Phenyl acetonitrile
Phenyl acetylene
Phenylaniline
Phenylbenzene
Phenylbutane
Phenylchloromethyl ketone
Phenyl dichloroarsine
Phenylene diamine
Phenylethane
Phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride
o-Phenyl phenol
Phenyl trichlorosilane
Phenyl valerylnitrile
Phenylpropane
Phloroglucinol
Phorate
Phosdrin*
Phosphamidon
Phosphine
Phospholan
Phosphonium iodide
Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric anhydride
Phosphoric sulfide
Phosphorus (Amorphous red)
Phosphorus (White-Yellow)
Phosphorus heptasulfide
Phosphorus oxybromide
Phosphorus oxychloride
Phosphorus pentachloride
Phosphorus pentasulfide
Phosphorus pentoxide
Phosphorus sesquisulfide
Phosphorus tribromide
Phosphorus trichloride
Phosphorus trisulfide
Phosphoryl bromide
Phosphoryl chloride
Phthalic acid
Picramide
Picric acid
Picridine
Picryl chloride
Pi peri dine
Pirimicarb
Polyglycol ether
Polyamide resin
Polybrominated biphenyl
Synonyms
Carbolic acid
Diphenylamine
Diphenyl
Butylbenzene
Chloroacetophenone
Diaminobenzene
Ethylbenzene
Orthozenol, Dowicide 1
Propyibenzene
Thimet*
Mevinphos
Dimecron*
Hydrogen phosphide
Cyolan*
Phosphorus pentoxide
Phosphorus pentasulfide
Phosphoryl bromide
Phosphoryl chloride
Phosphoric chloride
Phosphoric sulfide
Phosphoric anhydride
Tetraphosphorus trisulfide
Phosphorus oxybromide
Phosphorus oxychloride
Trinitroaniline
Trinitrophenol
Chlorotrinitrobenzene
RGN
31
3
26
16
7
16
16
17, 19
2k
7
16
8
31
107
26
16
31
32
32
32
105
20, 32
105, 107
1
107
33, 105, 107
105, 107
105
33, 105
104, 107
104, 107
107
33, 105, 107
107
33, 105, 107
107
107
33, 105, 107
104, 107
104, 107
3
7, 27, 102
27, 31, 102
7
17, 27, 102
7
9
14
101
17
53
-------
Names Synonyms RGN
Polybutene 28
Polychlorinated biphenyls PCB, Askarel, Arochlor*,
Chlorextol, Inerteen 17
Polychlorinated triphenyls 17
Polethylene 101
Polyester resin 101
Polymeric oil 101
Polyphenyl polymethylisocyanate 18, 107
Polypropylene 28, 101
Polyram combi* PETD 12
Polysulfide polymer 20, 101
Polystyrene 101
Polyurethane 101
Polyvinyl acetate 101
Polyvinyl chloride 101
Polyvinyl nitrate 27, 102
Potasan 32
Potassium 21, 107
Potassium acid fluoride Potassium fluoride 15
Potassium aluminate 10
Potassium arsenate 24
Potassium arsenite 24
Potassium bifluoride Potassium fluoride 15
Potassium bichromate Potassium dichromate 24, 104
Potassium bromate 104
Potassium butoxide 10
Potassium cyanide 11
Potassium dichloroisocyanurate 104
Potassium dichromate Potassium bichromate 24, 104
Potassium dinitrobenzfuroxan 27, 102
Potassium fluoride Potassium acid fluoride 15
Potassium hydride 105, 107
Potassium hydroxide Caustic potash 10
Potassium nitrate Saltpeter 102, 104
Potassium nitride 25
Potassium nitrite 104
Potassium oxide 107
Potassium per chlorate 104
Potassium permanganate 24, 104
Potassium peroxide 104, 107
Potassium sulfide 33, 105
Promecarb 9
Propanal Propionaldehyde 5
Propane 29
Propanethiol Propyl mercaptan 20
Propanoic acid Propionic acid 3
Propanol Propyl alcohol 4
Propargyl bromide 17
Propargyl chloride 17
2-Propen-l-ol Allyl alcohol 4
54
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Propiolactone
Propional dehyde
Propionamide
Pro picnic acid
Propionitrile
Propyl acetate
Propyl alcohol
Propylamine
Propyl benzene
Propylene dichloride
Propyiene glycol
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
Propylene oxide
Propyleneimine
Propyl ether
Propyl formate
Propyl mercaptan
Propyl Trichlorosilane
Prothoate
Pseudocumene
Pyridine
Pyrogallol
Pyrosulfuryl chloride
Pyroxylin
Quinone
Raney nickel
RDX
Refuse
Resins
Resorcinol
Rubidium
Salicylated mercury
Saligenin
Saltpeter
Schradan
Selenious acid
Selenium
Selenium diethyldithiocar bam ate
Selenium fluoride
Selenous acid
Silicochloroform
Silicon tetrachoride
Silicon tetrafluoride
Silver acetylide
Silver azide
Silver cyanide
Silver nitrate
Silver nitride
Silver styphnate
Pro panal
Propanoic acid
Propanol
Phenyl propane
Dichloro propane
Methyl aziridine
Propanethiol
Fostion*
1,2,4 trimethylbenzene
Disulfuryl chloride
Collodion
Benzoquinone
Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine
Municipal solid waste
Mercuric salicylate
Potassium nitrate
Octamethyl pyrophosphoramide,
OMPA
Selenous acid
Selenious acid
Trichlorosilane
Silver trinitroresorcinate
13
5
6
3
26
13
4
7
16
17
4
4, 14
34, 103
7
14
13
20
107
32
16
7
31
107
27
19
22
27, 102
101
101
31
21
24
31
102, 104
6, 32
1, 24
22, 23, 24
12, 24
15, 24
1, 24
107
107
15, 107
102, 105, 107
24, 102
11, 24
24, 104
24, 25, 102
24, 27, 102
55
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Silver sulfide
Silver tetrazene
Silver trinitroresorcinate
Slaked lime
Smokeless powder
Sodamide
Soda niter
Sodium
Sodium acid fluoride
Sodium aluminate
Sodium aluminum hydride
Sodium amide
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium azide
Sodium bichromate
Sodium bifluoride
Sodium bromate
Sodium cacodylate
Sodium carbonate
Sodium carbonate peroxide
Sodium chlorate
Sodium chlorite
Sodium chromate
Sodium cyanide
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate
Sodium dichromate
Sodium dimethylarsenate
Sodium fluoride
Sodium hydride
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium hyposulfite
Sodium methylate
Sodium methoxide
Sodium molybdate
Sodium monoxide
Sodium nitrate
Sodium nitride
Sodium nitrite
Sodium oxide
Sodium pentachlorophenate
Sodium perchlorate
Sodium permanganate
Sodium peroxide
Sodium phenolsulfonate
Sodium picramate
Sodium polysulfide
Sodium potassium alloy
Sodium selenate
Silver styphnate
Calcium oxide
s
Sodium amide
Sodium nitrate
Sodium fluoride
Sodamide
Sodium dichromate
Sodium fluoride
Sodium dimethylarsenate
, 33, 105
24, 102
, 27, 102
10, 107
102
10, 107
Sodium bichromate
Sodium cacodylate
Sodium acid fluoride
Caustic soda, Lye
Sodium thiosulfate
Sodium methoxide
Sodium methylate
Sodium oxide
Soda niter
Sodium monoxide
Nak, Nack
21, 105, 107
15
10, 105
105, 107
10, 107
24
24
102
24, 104
15
104
24
10
104
104
104
24
11
104
24, 104
24
15
105, 107
10
10, 104
105
10, 107
10, 107
24
10, 107
104
25
104
10, 107
31
104
24, 104
104, 107
31
27, 102
101
21, 107
24
56
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Sodium sulfide
Sodium thiosulfate
Stannic chloride
Stannic sulfide
Starch nitrate
Stilbene
Stoddard solvent
Strontium
Strontium arsenate
Strontium dioxide
Strontium monosulfide
Strontium nitrate
Strontium peroxide
Strontium tetrasulfide
Styphnic acid
Styrene
Succinic acid
Succinic acid peroxide
Sulfonyl chloride
Sulfonyl flouride
Sulfotepp
Sulfur chloride
Sulfur (elemental)
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric anhydride
Sulfur monochloride
Sulfur mustard
Sulfur oxychloride
Sulfur pentafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Sulfuryl chloride
Sulfuryl fluoride
Supracide*
Surecide*
Synthetic rubber
TCDD
TEDP
TEL
TEPA
TEPP
THF
TMA
TML
TNB
TNT
Tall oil
Tallow
Tar
Tellurium hexafluoride
Temik*
Tin tetrachloride
Nitrostarch
Diphenyl ethylene
Strontium peroxide
Strontium dioxide
Trinitroresorcinol
Vinylbenzene
Sulfuryl chloride
Dithione*, Blada-Fum*
Sulfur monochloride
Oil of Vitriol, Oleum
Sulfur trioxide
Sulfur chloride
Thionyl chloride
Sulfuric anhydride
Sulfonyl chloride
Sulfonyl fluoride
Ultracide*
Cyanophenphos
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Tetrethyl dithionopyrophosphate
Tetraethyl lead
Tris-(l-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
Tetrahydrofuran
Trimethylamine
Tetramethyl lead
Trinitrobenzene
Trinitrotoluene
Aldicarb
24, 33, 105
105
24, 107
33, 105
27, 102
16
101
24
24, 104
24, 33, 105
24, 104
104
24, 33, 105
27, 31, 102
16, 28, 103
3
30
107
107
32
107
101
2, 107
104, 107
107
20
107
15, 107
104, 107
107
107
32
32
101
14, 17
32
24
6, 32
32
14
7
24
27, 102
27, 102
101
101
101
15, 24
9, 20
57
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Tetraborane
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloromethane
Tetrachl orophenol
Tetrachloropropyl ether
Tetradecene
Tetraethyl dithionopyrophosphate
Tetraethyl lead
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetramethylenediamine
Tetramethyl lead
Tetramethyl succinonitrile
Tetranitrom ethane
Tetraphenyl ethylene
Tetraphosphorus trisulfide
Tetraselenium tetranitride
Tetrasul
Tetrasulfur tetranitride
Tetrazene
Thallium
Thallium nitride
Thallium sulfide
Thallous sulfate
Thimet*
Thionyl chloride
Thiocarbonyl chloride
Thiodan*
Thionazin
Thionyl chloride
Thiophosgene
Thiophosphoryl chloride
Thiram
Thorium
Tin tetrachloride
Titanic chloride
Titanium
Titanium sesquisulfide
Titanium sulfate
Titanium sulfide
Titanium tetrachloride
TMA
TNB
TNT
Toluaidehyde
Toluene
Toluene diisocyanate
Toluic acid
TCDD
Perchloroethylene
Carbon tetrachloride
TEDP
TEL
TEPP
THF
TML
Phosphorus sesquisulfide
Animert* V-101
Phorate
Sulfur oxychloride
Thiophosgene
Endosulfan
Zinophos*
Sulfur oxychloride
Thiocarbonyl chloride
Stannic chloride
Titanium tetrachloride
Titanic chloride
Trimethylamine
Trinitrobenzene
Trinitrotoluene
Toluol, Methylbenzene
105
14, 17
17
17
17
17, 31
14, 17
28
32
2*
32
14
7
24
26
27, 102
16
33, 105, 107
24, 25, 102
20
25, 102
8, 102
24
24, 25, 102
24, 33, 105
24
32
107
107
17, 20
32
107
107
107
12
22, 23, 24
24, 107
24, 107
22, 23, 24
24, 33, 105
24
24, 33, 105
24, 107
7
27, 102
27, 102
5
16
18, 107
3
58
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Toluidine
Toluol
Topcide*
Tranid*
Triamphos
Tribromom ethane
Tri-n-butyl aluminum
Tricadmium dinitride
Tricalcium dinitride
Tricesium nitride
Trichloroacetaldehyde
Trichloroborane
Trichloroethane
Trichloroethene
Trichloroisocyanuric acid
Trichloromethane
Trichloromethyl sulfenyl chloride
Trichloronitromethane
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Trichloropropane
Trichlorosiiane
Tridecene
Triethanolamine
Tri ethyl aluminum
Triethyl antimony
Tri ethyl arsine
Triethyl bismuthine
Triethylamine
Triethylene phosphoramide
Tri ethyl ene tetraamine
Triethyl stibine
Trifluoroethane
Trifluoromethylbenzene
Triisobutyl aluminum
Trilead dinitride
Trimercury dinitride
Trimethyl aluminum
Trimethylamine
Trimethyl antimony
Trimethyl arsine
1,2,4-Trim ethyl ben zene
1,3,5-Trim ethyl benzene
Trimethyl bismuthine
Trimethyl pentane
Trimethylstibine
Tri-n-but yl bor ane
Trinitroaniline
Trinitroanisole
Trinitrobenzene
Aminotoluene
Toluene, Methyl ben zene
Benzadox
Wepsyn* 155
Bromoform
Chloral hydrate
Trichloroethylene
Chloroform
Perchlorom ethyl mercaptan
Chloropicrin
Silico chloroform
Triethylstibine
Tris(l-aziridinyl)
phosphine oxide
Triethyl antimony
Benzotrifluoride
TMA
Trimethylstibine
Pseudocumene
Mesitylene
Isooctane
Trimethyl antimony
Pier amide
Trinitrophenylmethyl ether
TNB
7
16
6
9, 26
6, 32
17
107
24, 25
25
24, 25
5, 17
107
17
17
104
17
17, 20
17, 27, 102
3, 17
17
107
28
*, 7
105, 107
24, 105, 107
24, 107
24
7
6, 32
7
24, 105, 107
17
17
105, 107
24, 25, 102
24, 25, 102
105, 107
7
24, 105
24, 107
16
16
24
29
24, 105, 107
105, 107
7, 27, 102
14, 27
27, 102
59
-------
Names
Synonyms
RGN
Trinitrobenzoic acid
Trinitroglycerin
Trinitronaphthalene
Trinitrophenol
Trinitrophenyl methyl ether
Trinitroresorcinol
Trinitrotoluene
Trioctyl aluminum
Triphenyl ethyiene
Triphenyl methane
Tripropylamine
Tripropyl stibine
Trisilyl arsine
Tris-(l-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide
Trithion
Trithorium tetranitride
Trivinyl stibine
Tsumacide*
Tungstic acid
Turpentine
UDMH
Ultracide*
Undecene
Unisolve
Uranium nitrate
Uranium sulfide
Uranyl nitrate
Urea formaldehyde
Urea nitrate
VC
Valer aldehyde
Valeramide
Valeric acid
Vanadic acid anhydride
Vanadium oxytrichloride
Vanadium pentoxide
Vanadium sulfate
Vanadium tetroxide
Vanadium trichloride
Vanadium trioxide
Vanadyl sulfate
Vapona*
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl azide
Vinylbenzene
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl cyanide
Vinyl ethyl ether
Vinyl isopropyl ether
Nitroglycerin
Naphtite
Picric acid
Trinitroanisole
Styphnic acid
TNT
TEPA, Triethylene
phosphoramide
Dimethyl hydrazine
Supracide*
Uranyl nitrate
Uranium nitrate
Vinylidene chloride
Pentanal
Vanadium pentoxide
Vanadic acid anhydride
Vanadyl sulfate
Vanadium sulfate
DDVP
Styrene
3, 27, 102
27, 102
27, 102
27, 31, 102
14, 27
27, 31, 102
27, 102
105, 107
16
16
7
24, 107
24, 107
6, 32
32
24, 25
24, 107
9
24
101
g
32
28
101
24, 104
24, 33, 105
24, 104
5
27, 102, 104
17, 103
5
6
3
24
24
24
24
24
24, 107
24
24
32
13, 103
102
16, 28, 103
17, 103
26, 103
14
17
60
-------
Names Synonyms RGN
Vinylidene chloride VC 17, 103
Vinyl toluene 28* 103
Vinyl trichlorosilane 107
VX 20, 32
Water I06
Waxes 101
Wepsyn* 155 Triamiphos 6, 32
Wood 101
Zectran* Dowco 139* 9
Zinc 22, 23, 24
Zinc acetylide 24, 105, 107
Zinc ammonium nitrate 24, 104
Zinc arsenate 24
Zinc arsenite 24
Zinc chloride 24
Zinc dioxide Zinc peroxide 24, 102, 104, 107
Zinc ethyl Diethyl zinc 24, 105, 107
Zinc cyanide 11, 24
Zinc fluoborate 24, 15
Zinc nitrate 24, 104
Zinc permanganate 24, 104
Zinc peroxide Zinc dioxide 24, 102, 104, 107
Zinc phosphide 24, 107
Zinc salts of dimethyl
dithiocarbamic acid 12, 24
Zinc sulfate 24
Zinc sulfide 24, 33, 105
Zineb* 12, 24
Zinophos* Tnioazin 20
Ziram* 12, 24
Zirconium 22, 23, 24
Zirconium chloride Zirconium tetrachloride 24
Zirconium picramate 24, 104
Zirconium tetrachloride Zirconium chloride 24
61
-------
APPENDIX 2. LIST OF WASTE CONSTITUENTS BY CHEMICAL CLASS AND
REACTIVITY
This appendix categorizes the chemical substances in Appendix 1 into reactivity
groups according to molecular functional groups, chemical classes, or chemical re-
activities. The substances are divided into 41 Reactivity Group Numbers (RGN) and
listed consecutively in the first two pages of this appendix. RGN 1 to 34 are categorized
based on molecular functional groups, 101 to 107 on chemical reactivities. The
reactivity groupings here are identical to those depicted in the Hazardous Wastes
Compatibility Chart (Figure 6) in Section 5 of this report.
The succeeding pages of this appendix contain the tabulations of the chemical
substances in Appendix 1 under their respective RGN. All trade names in the tables
are denoted by asterisks (*) consistent with the notations used in Appendix 1.
This appendix is used to obtain the RGN of hazardous wastes when the waste
constituents are known only by chemical classes, molecular functional groups, or
chemical reactivities. The information is used to determine the compatibility of the
combinations of the wastes according to the compatibility method in Section 4 of this
report.
The listing was developed from the same primary references used in Appendix
1, namely Ref. 1, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 32, 44, 52, and 77. The reactivity groupings
of waste constituents presented here are not inclusive. Additions or deletions may be
made in the future when more information is available from the management of
hazardous wastes.
Reactivity
Group Number Group Name
1 Acids, Mineral, Non-oxidizing
2 Acids, Mineral, Oxidizing
3 Acids, Organic
4 Alcohols and Glycols
5 Aldehydes
6 Amides
7 Amines, Aliphatic and Aromatic
8 Azo Compounds, Diazo Compounds, and Hydrazines
9 Carbamates
10 Caustics
11 Cyanides
12 Dithiocarbamates
13 Esters
14 Ethers
15 Fluorides, Inorganic
16 Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
62
-------
Reactivity
Group Number
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
101
102
103
105
106
107
Group Name
Halogenated Organics
Isocyanates
Ketones
Mercaptans and Other Organic Sulfides
Metals, Alkali and Alkaline Earth, Elemental and Alloys
Metals Other Elemental and Alloys in the Form of Powders,
Vapors or Sponges
Metals, Other Elemental, and Alloy, as Sheets, Rods, Moldings,
Drops, etc
Metals and Metal Compounds, Toxic
Nitrides
Nitriles
Nitro Compounds
Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic, Unsaturated
Hydrocarbon, Aliphatic, Saturated
Peroxides and Hydroperoxides, Organic
Phenols and Creosols
Organophosphates, Phosphothioates and Phosphodithioates
Sulfides, Inorganic
Epoxides
Combustible and Flammable Materials, Miscellaneous
Explosives
Poiymerizable Compounds
Oxidizing Agents, Strong
Reducing Agents, Strong
Water and Mixtures Containing Water
Water Reactive Substances
GROUP 1 Acids, Mineral, Non-Oxidizing
Boric acid
Chlorosulfonic acid
Difluorophosphoric acid
Disulfuric acid
Fluoroboric acid
Fluorosulfonic acid
Fluosilicic acid
Hexafluorophosphoric acid
Hydriodic acid
Hexafluorophosphoric acid
Hydriodic acid
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Monofluorophosphoric acid
Permonosulfuric acid
Phosphoric acid
Selenous acid
GROUP 2 Acids, Mineral Oxidizing
Bromic acid
Chloric acid
Chromic acid
Hypochlorous acid
Nitric acid
Nitrohydrochloric acid
Oleum
Perbromic acid
Perchloric acid
Perchlorous acid
63
-------
GROUP 2 Acids, Mineral Oxidizing
cont'd
Periodic acid
Sulfuric acid
GROUP 3 Acids, Organic (All Isomers)
Acetic acid
Acrylic acid
Adipic acid
Benzoic acid
Butyric acid
Capric acid
Caproic acid
Caprylic acid
Chloromethylphenoxyacetic acid
Cyanoacetic acid
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Endothal
Fluoroacetic acid
Formic acid
Fumaric acid
Glycolic acid
Hydroxydibromobenzoic acid
Maleic acid
Monochloroacetic acid
Oxalic acid
Peracetic acid
Phenyl acetic acid
Phthalic acid
Propionic acid
Succinic acid
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Trinitrobenzoic acid
Toluic acid
Valeric acid
GROUP * Alcohols and Glycols (All Iso-
mers)
Acetone cyanohydrin
Ally! alcohol
Aminoethanol
Amyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol
Butanediol
Butyl alcohol
Butyl cellosolve*
Chloroethanol
Crotyl alcohol
Cyclohexanol
Cyclopentanol
Decanol
Diacetone alcohol
Dichloropropanol
Diethanol amine
Diisopropanolamine
Ethanol
Ethoxyethanol
Ethylene chlorohydrin
Ethylene cyanohydrin
Ethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Glycerin
Heptanol
Hexanol
Isobutanol
Isopropanol
M ercaptoethanol
Methanol
Monoethanol amine
Monoisopropanol amine
Monoisopropanol amine
Nonanol
Octanol
Propanol
Propylene glycol
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
Triethanolamine
GROUP 5 Aldehydes (All Isomers)
Acetaldehyde
Acrolein
Benzaldehyde
But yr aldehyde
Chloral hydrate
C hi or oacetal dehy de
Crotonaldehyde
Formaldehyde
Furfural
Glutar aldehyde
Heptanal
Hexanal
Nonanal
Octanal
Propionaldehyde
Tolualdehyde
Urea formaldehyde
Valer aldehyde
-------
GROUP 6 Amides (All Isomers)
Acetamide
Benzadox
Bromobenzoyl acetanilide
Butyramide
Carbetamide
Diethyltoluamide
Dim ethy If orm ami de
Dimefox
Diphenamide
Fl uoroacetanili de
Formamide
Propionamide
Schradan
Tris-(l-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide
Wepsyn* 155
Valeramide
GROUP 7 Amines, Aliphatic and Aroma-
tic (All Isomers)
Aminodiphenyl
Aminoethanol
Aminoethanolamine
Aminophenol
Aminopropionitrile
Amylamine
Aminothiazole
Aniline
Benzidine
Benzylamine
Butylamine
Chlorotoluidine
Crimidine
Cupriethylenediamine
Cyclohexylamine
Dichlorobenzidine
Diethanolamine
Diethylamine
Diethylenetriamine
Diisopropanolamine
Dimethylamine
Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Diphenylamine
Diphenylamine chloroarsine
Dipicrylamine
Dipropylamine
Ethylamine
Ethylenediamine
Ehtyleneimine
Hexamethylenediamine
Hexamethylenetetraamine
Hexylamine
Isopropylamine
Methylamine
N-M ethyl aniline
4,4-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline)
Methyl ethyl pyridine
Monoethanolamine
Monoisopropanolamine
Morpholine
Naphthylamine
Nitroaniline
Nitroaniline
Nitroaniline
Nitrogen mustard
Nitrosodimethylamine
Pentylamine
Phenylene diamine
Picramide
Picridine
Pi peri dine
Propylamine
Propyleneimine
Pyridine
Tetramethylenediamine
Toluidine
Triethanolamine
Triethylamine
Triethylenetetraamine
Trimethylamine
Tripropylamine
GROUP 8 Azo Compounds, Diazo Com-
pounds and Hydrazines(All
Isomers)
Aluminum tetraazidoborate
Aminothiazole
Azidocarbonyl guanidine
Azido-s-triazole
a,a-Azodiisobutyronitrile
Benzene diazonium chloride
Benzotriazole
t-Butyl azidoformate
Chloroazodin
Chlorobenzotriazole
Diazodinitrophenol
Diazidoethane
Dimethylamino azobenzene
Dimethyl hydrazine
65
-------
GROUP 8 Azo Compounds, Diazo Com-
pounds and Hydrazines (All
Isdmers) cont'd
Dinitrophenyl hydrazine
Guanyl nitrosoaminoguanylidine hydrazine
Hydrazine
Hydrazine azide
Methyl hydrazine
M er captoben zothiazole
Phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride
Tetrazene
GROUP 9 Carbamates
Aldicarb
Bassa*
Baygon*
Butacarb
Bux*
Car bar yl
Carbanolate
Dioxacarb
Dowco* 139
Formetanate hydrochioride
Furadan*
Hopcide*
N-Isopropylmethylcarbamate
Landrin*
Matacil*
Meobal
Mesurol*
Methomyl
Mipcin*
Mobam*
Oxamyl
Pirimicarb
Promecarb
Tranid*
Tsumacide*
GROUP 10 Caustics
Ammonia
Ammonium hydroxide
Barium hydroxide
Barium oxide
Beryllium hydroxide
Cadmium amide
Calcium hydroxide
Calcium oxide
Lithium amide
Lithium hydroxide
Potassium aluminate
Potassium butoxide
Potassium hydroxide
Sodium aluminate
Sodium amide
Sodium carbonate
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium methylate
Sodium oxide
GROUP 11 Cyanides
Cadmium cyanide
Copper cyanide
Cyanogen bromide
Hydrocyanic acid
Lead cyanide
Mercuric cyanide
Mercuric oxycyanide
Nickel cyanide
Potassium cyanide
Silver cyanide
Sodium cyanide
Zinc cyanide
GROUP 12 Dithiocarbamates
CDEC
Dithane* M-45
Ferbam
Maneb-
Metham
Nabam
Niacide*
Polyram-combi*
Selenium diethyl dithiocarbamate
Thiram
Zinc salts of dimethyl dithiocarbamic acid
Zineb
Ziram
GROUP 13 Esters (All Isomers)
Allyl chlorocarbonate
Amyl acetate
Butyl acetate
66
-------
GROUP 13 Esters (All Isomers) cont'd
Butyl acrylate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Butyl formate
Dibutyl phthalate
Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acrylate
Ethyl butyrate
Ethyl chloroform ate
Ethyl formate
2-Ethyl hexylacrylate
Ethyl propionate
Glycol diacetate
Isobutyl acetate
Isobutyl acrylate
Isodecyl acrylate
Isopropyl acetate
Medinoterb acetate
Methyl acetate
Methyl acrylate
Methyl amyl acetate
Methyl butyrate
Methyl chloroformate
Methyl formate
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl propionate
Methyl valerate
Propiolactone
Propyl acetate
Propyl formate
Vinyl acetate
GROUP 1* Ethers (All Isomers)
Anisole
Butyl cellosolve*
Bromodimethoxyaniline
Dibutyl ether
Dichloroethyl ether
Dimethyl ether
Dimethyl formal
Dioxane
Diphenyl oxide
Ethoxyethanol
Ethyl ether
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Furan
Glycol ether
Isopropyl ether
Methyl butyl ether
Methyl chloromethyl ether
Methyl ethyl ether
Polyglycol ether
Propyl ether
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
TCDD
Tetrachloropropyl ether
Tetrahydrofuran
Trinitroanisole
Vinyl ethyl ether
Vinyl isopropyl ether
GROUP 15 Fluorides, Inorganic
Aluminum fluoride
Ammonium bifluoride
Ammonium fluoride
Barium fluoride
Beryllium fluoride
Cadmium fluoride
Calcium fluoride
Cesium fluoride
Chromic fluoride
Fluoroboric acid
Fluorosilicic acid
Hexafluorophosphoric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Magnesium fluoride
Potassium fluoride
Selenium fluoride
Silicon tetrafluoride
Sodium fluoride
Sulfur pentafluoride
Tellurium hexafluoride
Zinc fluoroborate
GROUP 16 Hydrocarbons, Aromatic (All
Isomers)
Acenaphthene
Anthracene
Benz-a-pyrene
Benzene
n-Butyl benzene
Chrysene
Cumene
Cymene
Decyl benzene
Diethyl benzene
Diphenyl
67
-------
GROUP 16 Hydrocarbons, Aromatic (All
Isomers)cont'd
Diphenyl acetylene
Diphenyl ethane
Diphenyl ethylene
Diphenyl methane
Dodecyl benzene
Dowtherm
Durene
Ethyl benzene
Fluoranthrene
Fluorene
Hemimellitene
Hexamethyl benzene
Indene
Isodurene
Mesitylene
Methyl naphthalene
Naphthalene
Pentamethyl benzene
Phenanthrene
Phenyl acetylene
Propyl benzene
Pseudocumene
Styrene
Tetraphenyl ethylene
Toluene
Stilbene
Tri phenylethylene
Triphenylmethane
GROUP 17 Halogenated Organics (All
Isomers)
Acetyl bromide
Acetyl chloride
Aldrin
Allyl bromide
Allyl chloride
Allyl chlorocarbonate
Amyl chloride
Benzal bromide
Benzal chloride
Benzotribromide
Benzotrichloride
Benzyl bromide
Benzyl chloride
Benzyl chlorocarbonate
B rom oacetyl ene
Bromobenzyl trifluoride
Bromoform
Bromophenol
Bromopropyne
Brom otr i chlorom ethane
Bromotrifluoromethane
Bromoxynil
Butyl fluoride
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrafluoride
Carbon tetraiodide
Chloral hydrate
Chlordane
Chloroacetaldehyde
Chloroacetic acid
Chloroacetophenone
Chloroacrylonitrile
Chloroazodin
Chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzotriazole
Chlorobenzoyl peroxide
Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile
Chlorobutyronitrile
Chlorocresol
Chlorodinitrotoluene
Chloroethanol
Chloroethylenimime
Chloroform
Chlorohydrin
Chlorom ethyl methyl ether
Chlorom ethyl phenoxyacetic acid
Chloronitroaniline
Chlorophenol
Chlorophenyl isocyanate
Chloropicrin
Chlorothion
Chlorotoluidine
CMME
Crotyl bromide
Crotyl chloride
ODD
DDT
DDVP
Dibromochloropropane
Dichloroacetone
Dichlorobenzene
Dichlorobenzidine
Dichloroethane
Dichloroethylene
Dichloroethyl ether
Dichloromethane
68
-------
GROUP 17 Halogenated Organics (All
Isomers) cont'd
Dichlorophenol
Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
Dichloropropane
Dichloroprppanol
Dichloropropylene
Dieldrin
Diethyl chloro vinyl phosphate
Dichlorophene
Dinitrochlorobenzene
Endosulfan
Endrin
Epichlorohydrin
Ethyl chloroform ate
Ethylene chlorohydrin
Ethylene dibromide
Ethylene dichloride
Fluoroacetanili de
Freons*
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Hydroxydibromobenzoic acid
Isopropyl chloride
ot-Isopropyl methyl phosphoryl fluoride
Lindane
Methyl bromide
Methyl chloride
Methyl chloroform
Methyl chloroform ate
Methyl ethyl chloride
Methyl iodide
Monochloroacetone
Nitrochloro benzene
Nitrogen mustard
Pentachlorophenol
Perchloroethylene
Pechlorom ethylm er captan
Picryl chloride
Polybrominated biphenyls
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polychlorinated triphenyls
Propargyl bromide
Propargyl chloride
TCDD
Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloro phenol
Tetrachloropropyl ether
Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Trichloropropane
Trifluoroethane
Vinyl chloride
Vinylidene chloride
GROUP 18 Isocyanates (All Isomers)
Chlorophenyl isocyanate
Diphenylmethane diisocyanate
Methyl isocyanate
Methylene diisocyanate
Polyphenyl polymethylisocyanate
Toluene diisocyanate
GROUP 19 Ketones (All Isomers)
Acetone
Acetophenone
Acetyl acetone
Benzophenone
Bromobenzoyl acetanilide
Chloroacetophenone
Coumafuryl
Coumatetralyl
Cyclone xanone
Diacetone alcohol
Diacetyl
Di chloroacetone
Diethyl ketone
Diisobutyl ketone
Heptanone
Hydroxyacetophenone
Isophorone
Mesityl oxide
Methyl t-butyl ketone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isopropenyl ketone
Methyl n-propyl ketone
Methyl vinyl ketone
Monochloroacetone
Nonanone
Octanone
Pentanone
Quinone
69
-------
GROUP 20 Mercaptans and Other Or-
ganic Sulfides (All Isomers)
Aldicarb
Amyl mercaptan
Butyl mercaptan
Carbon disulfide
Dimethyl sulfide
Endosulfan
Ethyl mercaptan
M ercaptoben zothiazole
M ercaptoethanol
Methomyl
Methyl mercaptan
Naphthyl mercaptan
Perchloromethyl mercaptan
Phospholan
Polysulfide polymer
Propyl mercaptan
Sulfur mustard
Tetrasul
Thionazin
VX
GROUP 21 Metals, Alkali and Alkaline
Earth, Elemental
Barium
Calcium
Cesium
Lithium
Magnesium
Potassium
Rubidium
Sodium
Sodium-potassium alloy
Strontium
GROUP 22 Metals, Other Elemental and
Alloys in the Form of Pow-
ders, Vapors or Sponges
Aluminum
Bismuth
Cerium
Cobalt
Hafnium
Indium
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury (vapor)
Molybdenum
Nickel
Raney nickel
Selenium
Titanium
Thorium
Zinc
Zirconium
GROUP 23
Metals, Other Elemental and
Alloys as Sheets, Rods, Mold-
ings, Drops, etc.
Aluminum
Antimony
Bismuth
Brass
Bronze
Cadmium
Calcium-manganese-silicon alloy
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Indium
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Molybdenum
Osmium
Selenium
Titanium
Thorium
Zinc
Zirconium
GROUP 2* Metals and Metal Com-
pounds, Toxic
Ammonium arsenate
Ammonium dichromate
Ammonium hexanitrocobaltate
Ammonium molybdate
Ammonium nitridoosmate
Ammonium permanganate
Ammonium tetrachromate
Ammonium tetraperoxychromate
Ammonium trichromate
Antimony
Antimony nitride
Antimony oxychloride
70
-------
GROUP 2* Metals and Metal Com-
pounds, Toxic
Antimony pentachloride
Antimony pentafluoride
Antimony pentasulfide
Antimony perchlorate
Antimony potassium tartrate
Antimony sulfate
Antimony tribromide
Antimony trichloride
Antimony triiodide
Antimony trifluoride
Antimony trioxide
Antimony trisulfide
Antimony trivinyl
Arsenic
Arsenic pentaselenide
Arsenic pentoxide
Arsenic pentasulfide
Arsenic sulfide
Arsenic tribromide
Arsenic trichloride
Arsenic trifluoride
Arsenic triiodide
Arsenic trisulfide
A r sines
Barium
Barium azide
Barium carbide
Barium chlorate
Barium chloride
Barium chromate
Barium fluoride
Barium fluosilicate
Barium hydride
Barium hydroxide
Barium hypo phosphide
Barium iodate
Barium iodide
Barium nitrate
Barium oxide
Barium perchlorate
Barium permanganate
Barium peroxide
Barium phosphate
Barium stearate
Barium sulfide
Barium sulfite
Beryllium
Beryllium-copper alloy
Beryllium fluoride
Beryllium hydride
Beryllium hydroxide
Beryllium oxide
Beryllium tetrahydroborate
Bismuth
Bismuth chromate
Bismuthic acid
Bismuth nitride
Bismuth pentafluoride
Bismuth pentoxide
Bismuth sulfide
Bismuth tribromide
Bismuth trichloride
Bismuth triiodide
Bismuth trioxide
Borane
Bordeaux arsenites
Boron arsenotribromide
Boron bromodiodide
Boron dibromoiodide
Boron nitride
Boron phosphide
Boron triazide
Boron tribromide
Boron triiodide
Boron trisulfide
Boron trichloride
Boron trifluoride
Cacodylic acid
Cadmium
Cadmium acetylide
Cadmium amide
Cadmium azide
Cadmium bromide
Cadmium chlorate
Cadmium chloride
Cadmium cyanide
Cadmium fluoride
Cadmium hexamine chlorate
Cadmium hexamine perchlorate
Cadmium iodide
Cadmium nitrate
Cadmium nitride
Cadmium oxide
Cadmium phosphate
Cadmium sulfide
Cadmium trihydrazine chlorate
Cadmium trihydrazine perchlorate
Calcium arsenate
71
-------
GROUP 2* Metals and Metal Com-
pounds, Toxic cont'd
Calcium arsenite
Chromic chloride
Chromic fluoride
Chromic oxide
Chromic sulfate
Chromium
Chromium sulfide
Chromium trioxide
Chromyl chloride
Cobalt
Cobaltous bromide
Cobaltous chloride
Cobaltous nitrate
Cobaltous sulfate
Cobaltous resinate
Copper
Copper acetoarsenite
Copper acetylide
Copper arsenate
Copper arsenite
Copper chloride
Copper chlorotetrazole
Copper cyanide
Copper nitrate
Copper nitride
Copper sulfate
Copper sulfide
Cupriethylene diamine
C yanochl oro pent ane
Diethyl zinc
Diisopropyl beryllium
Diphenylamine chloroarsine
Ethyl dichloroarsine
Ethylene chromic oxide
Ferric arsenate
Ferrous arsenate
Hydrogen selenide
Indium
Lead
Lead acetate
Lead arsenate
Lead arsenite
Lead azide
Lead carbonate
Lead chlorite
Lead cyanide
Lead dinitroresorcinate
Lead mononitroresorcinate
Lead nitrate
Lead oxide
Lead styphnate
Lead sulfide
Lewisite
London purple
Magnesium arsenate
Magnesium arsenite
Manganese
Manganese acetate
Manganese arsenate
Manganese bromide
Manganese chloride
Manganese methylcyclopentadienyl tricar-
bonyl
Manganese nitrate
Manganese sulfide
Mercuric acetate
Mercuric ammonium chloride
Mercuric benzoate
Mercuric bromide
Mercuric chloride
Mercuric cyanide
Mercuric iodide
Mercuric nitrate
Mercuric oleate
Mercuric oxide
Mercuric oxycyanide
Mercuric potassium iodide
Mercuric salicylate
Mercuric subsulfate
Mercuric sulfate
Mercuric sulfide
Mercuric thiocyanide
Mercurol
Mercurous bromide
Mercurous gluconate
Mercurous iodide
Mercurous nitrate
Mercurous oxide
Mercurous sulfate
Mercury
Mercury fulminate
Methoxyethylmercuric chloride
Methyl dichloroarsine
Molybdenum
Molybdenum sulfide
Molydbenum trioxide
Molybdic acid
Nickel
72
-------
GROUP 24 Metals and Metal Com-
pounds, Toxic cotrPd
Nickel acetate
Nickel antimonide
Nickel arsenate
Nickel arsenite
Nickel carbonyl
Nickel chloride
Nickel cyanide
Nickel nitrate
Nickel selenide
Nickel subsulfide
Nickel sulfate
Osmium
Osmium amine nitrate
Osmium amine perchlorate
Phenyl dichloroarsine
Potassium arsenate
Potassium arsenite
Potassium dichromate
Potassium permanganate
Selenium
Selenium fluoride
Selenium diethyl dithiocarbamate
Selenous acid
Silver acetylide
Silver azide
Silver cyanide
Silver nitrate
Silver nitride
Silver styphnate
Silver sulfide
Silver tetrazene
Sodium arsenate
Sodium arsenite
Sodium cacodylate
Sodium chromate
Sodium dichromate
Sodium molybdate
Sodium permanganate
Sodium selenate
Stannic chloride
Stannic sulfide
Strontium arsenate
Strontium monosulfide
Strontium nitrate
Strontium peroxide
Strontium tetrasulfide
Tellurium hexafluoride
Tetraethyl lead
Tetramethyl lead
Tetraselenium tetranitride
Thallium
Thallium nitride
Thallium sulfide
Thallous sulfate
Thorium
Titanium
Titanium sulfate
Titanium sesquisulfide
Titanium tetrachioride
Titanium sulfide
Tricadmium dinitride
Tricesium nitride
Triethyl arsine
Triethyl bismuthine
Triethyl stibine
Trilead dinitride
Trimercury dinitride
Trim ethyl arsine
Trimethyl bismuthine
Trimethyl stibine
Tripropyl stibine
Trisilyl arsine
Trithorium tetranitride
Trivinyl stibine
Tungstic acid
Uranium sulfide
Uranyl nitrate
Vanadic acid anhydride
Vanadium oxytrichloride
Vanadium tetroxide
Vanadium trioxide
Vanadium trichloride
Vanadyl sulfate
Zinc
Zinc acetylide
Zinc ammonium nitrate
Zinc arsenate
Zinc arsenite
Zinc chloride
Zinc cyanide
Zinc fluoborate
Zinc nitrate
Zinc permanganate
Zinc peroxide
Zinc phosphide
Zinc salts of dimethyldithio carbamic acid
Zinc sulfate
Zinc sulfide
73
-------
GROUP 2* Metals and Metal Com-
pounds, Toxic cont'd
Zirconium
Zirconium chloride
Zirconium pi cram ate
GROUP 25 Nitrides
Antimony nitride
Bismuth nitride
Boron nitride
Copper nitride
Disulfur dinitride
Lithium nitride
Potassium nitride
Silver nitride
Sodium nitride
Tetraselenium tetranitride
Tetrasulfur tetranitride
Thallium nitride
Tricadmium dinitride
Ticalcium dinitride
Tricesium nitride
Trilead dinitride
Trimercury dinitride
Trithorium tetranitride
GROUP 26 Nitriles (All Isomers)
Acetone cyanohydrin
Acetonitrile
Acrylonitrile
Adiponitrile
Aminopropionitrile
Amyl cyanide
a,a-Azodiisobutyronitrile
Benzonitrile
Bromoxynil
Butyronitrile
C hloroacr ylonitril e
Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile
Chlorobutyronitrile
Cyanoacetic acid
C yanochloropentane
Cyanogen
Ethylene cyanohydrin
Glycol onitrile
Phenyl acetonitrile
Phenyl valerylnitrile
Propionitrile
Surecide*
Tetramethyl succinonitrile
Tranid*
Vinyl cyanide
GROUP 27 Nitro Compounds (All Iso-
mers)
Acetyl nitrate
Chlorodinitroluene
Chloronitroaniline
Chloropicrin
Collodion
Diazodinitrophenol
Diethylene glycol dinitrate
Dinitrobenzene
Dinitrochlorobenzene
Dinitrocresol
Dinitrophenol
Dinitrophenyl hydrazine
Dinitrotoluene
Dinoseb
Dipentaerythritol hexanitrate
Dipicryl amine
Ethyl nitrate
Ethyl nitrite
Glycol dinitrate
Glycol monolactate trinitrate
Guanidine nitrate
Lead dinitroresorcinate
Lead mononitroresorcinate
Lead styphnate
Mannitol hexanitrate
Medinoterb acetate
Nitroaniline
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobiphenyl
Nitrocellulose
Nitrochlorobenzene
Nitroglycerin
Nitrophenol
Nitropropane
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Nitrosoguanidine
Nitrostarch
Nitroxylene
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Pier amide
Picric acid
Picryl chloride
-------
GROUP 27 Nitro Compounds (All Iso-
mers) cont'd
Polyvinyl nitrate
Potassium dinitrobenzfuroxan
RDX
Silver styphnate
Sodium picramate
Tetranitromethane
Trinitroanisole
Trinitrobenzene
Trinitrobenzoic acid
Trinitronaphthalene
Trinitroresorcinol
Trinitrotoluene
Urea nitrate
GROUP 28 Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic, Un-
saturated (All Isomers)
Acetylene
Allene
Amylene
Butadiene
Butadiyne
Butene
Cyclopentene
Decene
Dicyclopentadiene
Diisobutylene
Dimethyl acetylene
Dimethyl butyne
Dipentene
Dodecene
Ethyl acetylene
Ethylene
Heptene
Hexene
Hexyne
Iso butyl ene
Isooctene
Isoprene
Isopropyl acetylene
Methyl acetylene
Methyl butene
Methyl butyne
Methyl styrene
Nonene
Octadecyne
Octene
Pentene
Pentyne
Polybutene
Polypropylene
Propylene
Styrene
Tetradecene
Tridecene
Undecene
Vinyl toluene
GROUP 29 Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic. Sat-
urated
Butane
Cycloheptane
Cyclohexane
Cyclopentane
Cyclopropane
Decalin
Decane
Ethane
Heptane
Hexane
Isobutane
Isohexane
Isooctane
Isopentane
Methane
Methyl cyclohexane
Neohexane
Nonane
Octane
Pentane
Propane
GROUP 30 Peroxides and Hydroperox-
ides Organic (All Isomers)
Acetyl benzoyl peroxide
Acetyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide
Butyl hydroperoxide
Butyl peroxide
Butyl peroxyacetate
Butyl peroxybenzoate
Butyl peroxypivalate
Caprylyl peroxide
Chlorobenzoyl peroxide
Cumene hydroperoxide
Cyclohexanone peroxide
75
-------
GROUP 30 Peroxides and Hydroperoxides
Organic (All Isomers) cont'd
Dicumyl peroxide
Diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide
Diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate
Dimethylhexane dihydroperoxide
Isopropyl percarbonate
Lauroyl peroxide
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
Peracetic acid
Succinic acid peroxide
GROUP 31 Phenols, Cresols (All Iso-
mers)
Amino phenol
Bromophenol
Bromoxynil
Carbacrol
Carbolic oil
Catecol
Chiorocresol
Chlorophenol
Coal tar
Cresol
Creosote
Cyclohexyl phenol
Di chlorophenol
Dinitrocresol
Dinitrophenol
Dinoseb
Eugenol
Guaiacol
Hydroquinone
Hydroxyacetophenone
H ydro xydi phenol
Hydroxyhydroquinone
Isoeugenol
Naphthol
Nitrophenol
Nonyl phenol
Pentachl oro phenol
Phenol
o-Phenyl phenol
Phloroglucinol
Picric acid
Pyrogallol
Resorcinol
Saligenin
Sodium pentachlorophenate
Sodium phenolsulfonate
Tetrachlorophenol
Thymol
Tri chlorophenol
Trinitroresorcinol
GROUP 32 Organophosphates, Phospho-
thioates, and Phosphodithio-
ates
Abate*
Azinphos ethyl
Azodrin*
Bidrin*
Bomyl*
Chlorfenvinphos
Chlorothion*
Coroxon*
DDVP
Demeton
Demeton-s-methyl sulfoxid
Diazinon*
Diethyl chlorovinyl phosphate
Dimethyldithiophosphoric acid
Dimefox
Dioxathion
Disulfoton
Dyfonate*
Endothion
EPN
Ethion*
Fensulfothion
Guthion*
Hexaethyl tetraphosphate
Malathion
Mecarbam
Methyl parathion
Mevinphos
Mocap*
a-Isopropyl methylphosphoryl fluoride
Paraoxon
Parathion
Phorate
Phosphamidon
Phospholan
Potasan
Prothoate
Shradan
Sulfotepp
Supracide*
76
-------
GROUP 32 Organophosphates, Phospho-
thioates, and Phosphodithio-
ates cont'd
Shradan
Sulfotepp
Supracide*
Surecide*
Tetraethyl dithionopyrophosphate
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
Thionazin
Tris-(l-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide
VX
Wepsyn* 155
GROUP 33 Sulfides, Inorganic
Ammonium sulfide
Antimony pentasulfide
Antimony trisulfide
Arsenic pentasulfide
Arsenic sulfide
Arsenic trisulfide
Barium sulfide
Beryllium sulfide
Bismuth sulfide
Bismuth trisulfide
Boron trisulfide
Cadmium sulfide
Calcium sulfide
Cerium trisulfide
Cesium sulfide
Chromium sulfide
Copper sulfide
Ferric sulfide
Ferrous sulfide
Germanium sulfide
Gold sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide
Lead sulfide
Lithium sulfide
Magnesium sulfide
Manganese sulfide
Mercuric sulfide
Molybdenum sulfide
Nickel subsulfide
Phosphorous heptasulfide
Phosphorous pentasulfide
Phosphorous sesquisulfide
Phosphorous trisulfide
Potassium sulfide
Silver sulfide
Sodium sulfide
Stannic sulfide
Strontium monosulfide
Strontium tetrasulfide
Thallium sulfide
Titanium sesquisulfide
Titanium sulfide
Uranium sulfide
Zinc sulfide
GROUP 3* Epoxides
Butyl giycidyl ether
t-Butyl-3-phenyl oxazirane
Cresol giycidyl ether
Diglycidyl ether
Epichlorohydrin
Epoxybutane
Epoxybutene
Epoxyethylbenzene
Ethylene oxide
Glycidol
Phenyl giycidyl ether
Propylene oxide
GROUP 101 Combustible and Flammable
Materials, Miscellaneous
Aikyl resins
Asphalt
Bakelite*
Buna-N*
Bunker fuel oil
Camphor oil
Carbon, activated, spent
Cellulose
Coal oil
Diesel oil
Dynes thinner
Gas oil, cracked
Gasoline
Grease
Isotactic propylene
3-100
3et oil
Kerosene
Lacquer thinner
Methyl acetone
77
-------
GROUP 101 Combustible and Flammable
Materials, Miscellaneous
cont'd
Mineral spirits
Naphtha
Oil of bergamot
Orris root
Paper
Petroleum naphtha
Petroleum oil
Polyamide resin
Polyester resin
polyethylene
Polymeric oil
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
Polysulfide polymer
Polyurethane
Polyvinyl acetate
Polyvinyl chloride
Refuse
Resins
Sodium polysulfide
Stoddard solvent
Sulfur (elemental)
Synthetic rubber
Tall oil
Tallow
Tar
Turpentine
Unisolve
Waxes
Wood
GROUP 102 Explosives
Acetyl azide
Acetyl nitrate
Ammonium azide
Ammonium chlorate
Ammonium hexanitrocobaltate
Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrite
Ammonium periodate
Ammonium permanganate
Ammonium picrate
Ammonium tetraperoxychromate
Azidocarbonyl guanidine
Barium azide
Benzene diazonium chloride
Benzotriazole
Benzoyl peroxide
Bismuth nitride
Boron triazide
Bromine azide
Butanetriol trinitrate
t-Butyl hypochlorite
Cadmium azide
Cadmium hexamine chlorate
Cadmium hexamine perchlorate
Cadmium nitrate
Cadmium nitride
Cadmium trihydrazine chlorate
Calcium nitrate
Cesium azide
Chlorine azide
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine fluoroxide
Chlorine trioxide
Chloroacetylene
Chloropicrin
Copper acetylide
Cyanuric triazide
Diazidoethane
Diazodinitro phenol
Diethylene glycol dinitrate
Dipentaerithritol hexanitrate
Dipicryl amine
Disulfur dinitride
Ethyl nitrate
Ethyl nitrite
Fluorine azide
Glycol dinitrate
Glycol monolactate trinitrate
Gold fulminate
Guanyl nitrosaminoguanylidene hydrazine
HMX
Hydrazine azide
Hydrazoic acid
Lead azide
Lead dinitroresorcinate
Lead mononitroresorcinate
Lead styphnate
Mannitol hexanitrate
Mercuric oxycyanide
Mercury fulminate
Nitrocarbonitrate
Nitrocellulose
Nitroglycerin
78
-------
GROUP 102 Explosives cont'd
Nitrosoguanidine
Nitrostarch
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Picramide
Picric acid
Picryl chloride
Polyvinyl nitrate
Potassium dinitrobenzfuroxan
Potassium nitrate
RDX
Silver acetylide
Silver azide
Silver nitride
Silver styphnate
Silver tetrazene
Smokeless powder
Sodium azide
Sodium picramate
Tetranitromethane
Tetraselenium tetranitride
Tetrasuifur tetranitride
Tetrazene
Thallium nitride
Trilead dinitride
Trimercury dinitride
Trinitrobenzene
Trinitrobenzoic acid
Trintironaphthalene
Trinitroresorcinol
Trinitrotoluene
Urea nitrate
Vinyl azide
Zinc peroxide
GROUP 103 Polymerizable Compounds
Acrolein
Acrylic acid
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene
n-Butyl acrylate
Ethyl acrylate
Ethylene oxide
Ethylenimine
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate
Isobutyl acrylate
Isoprene
Methyl acrylate
Methyl methacrylate
2-M ethyl styrene
Propylene oxide
Styrene
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl cyanide
Vinylidene chloride
Vinyl toluene
GROUP 104 Oxidizing Agents, Strong
Ammonium chlorate
Ammonium dichromate
Ammonium nitridoosmate
Ammonium perchlorate
Ammonium periodate
Ammonium permanganate
Ammonium persulfate
Ammonium tetrachromate
Ammonium tetraperoxychromate
Ammonium trichromate
Antimony perchlorate
Barium bromate
Barium chlorate
Barium iodate
Barium nitrate
Barium perchlorate
Barium permanganate
Barium peroxide
Bromic acid
Bromine
Bromine monofluoride
Bromine pentafluoride
Bromine trifluoride
t-Butyl hypochlorite
Cadmium chlorate
Cadmium nitrate
Calcium bromate
Calcium chlorate
Calcium chlorite
Calcium hypochlorite
Calcium iodate
Calcium nitrate
Calcium perchromate
Calcium permanganate
Calcium peroxide
Chloric acid
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine fluoroxide
Chlorine monofluoride
79
-------
GROUP
Oxidizing
cont'd
Agents, Strong
Chlorine monoxide
Chlorine pentafluoride
Chlorine trifluoride
Chlorine trioxide
Chromic acid
Chromyl chloride
Cobaltous nitrate
Copper nitrate
Dichloroamine
Dichloroisocyanuric acid
Ethyiene chromic oxide
Fluorine
Fluorine monoxide
Guanidine nitrate
Hydrogen peroxide
Iodine pentoxide
Lead chlorite
Lead nitrate
Lithium hypochlorite
Lithium peroxide
Magnesium chlorate
Magnesium nitrate
Magnesium per chlorate
Magnesium peroxide
Manganese nitrate
Mercuric nitrate
Mercurous nitrate
Nickel nitrate
Nitrogen dioxide
Osmium amine nitrate
Osmium amine perchlorate
Oxygen difluoride
Perchloryl fluoride
Phosphorus oxybromide
Phosphorus oxychloride
Potassium bromate
Potassium dichloroisocyanurate
Potassium dichromate
Potassium nitrate
Potassium perchlorate
Potassium permanganate
Potassium peroxide
Silver nitrate
Sodium bromate
Sodium carbonate peroxide
Sodium chlorate
Sodium chlorite
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate
Sodium dichromate
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium nitrate
Sodium nitrite
Sodium perchlorate
Sodium permanganate
Sodium peroxide
Strontium nitrate
Strontium peroxide
Sulfur trioxide
Trichloroisocyanuric acid
Uranyl nitrate
Urea nitrate
Zinc ammonium nitrate
Zinc nitrate
Zinc permanganate
Zinc peroxide
Zirconium picramate
GROUP 105 Reducing Agents, Strong
Aluminum borohydride
Aluminum carbide
Aluminum hydride
Aluminum hypophosphide
Ammonium hypophosphide
Ammonium sulfide
Antimony pentasulfide
Antimony trisulfide
Arsenic sulfide
Arsenic trisulfide
Arsine
Barium carbide
Barium hydride
Barium hypophosphide
Barium sulfide
Benzyl silane
Benzyl sodium
Beryllium hydride
Beryllium sulfide
Beryllium tetrahydroborate
Bismuth sulfide
Boron arsenotribromide
Boron trisulfide
Bromodiborane
Bromosilane
Butyl dichloroborane
n-Butyl lithium
Cadmium acetylide
Cadmium sulfide
80
-------
GROUP 105 Reducing Agents.
cont'd
Strong
Calcium
Calcium carbide
Calcium hexammoniate
Calcium hydride
Calcium hypophosphide
Calcium sulfide
Cerium hydride
Cerium trisuifide
Cerous phosphide
Cesium carbide
Cesium hexahydroaluminate
Cesium hydride
Cesium suifide
Chlorodiborane
Chlorodiisobutyl aluminum
Chlorodimethylamine diborane
Chlorodipropyl borane
Chlorosilane
Chromium sulfide
Copper acetylide
Copper sulfide
Diborane
Diethyl aluminum chloride
Diethyl zinc
Diisopropyl beryllium
Dimethyl magnesium
Ferrous sulfide
Germanium sulfide
Gold acetylide
Gold sulfide
Hexaborane
Hydrazine
Hydrogen selenide
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydroxyl amine
Lead sulfide
Lithium aluminum hydride
Lithium hydride
Lithium sulfide
Magnesium sulfide
Manganese sulfide
Mercuric sulfide
Methyl aluminum sesquibromide
Methyl aluminum sesquichloride
Methyl magnesium bromide
Methyl magnesium chloride
Methyl magnesium iodide
Molybdenum sulfide
Nickel subsulfide
Pentaborane
Phosphine
Phosphonium iodide
Phosphorus (red amorphous)
Phosphorus (white or yellow)
Phosphorus heptasulfide
Phosphorus pentasulfide
Phosphorus sesquisulfide
Phosphorus trisuifide
Potassium hydride
Potassium sulfide
Silver acetylide
Silver sulfide
Sodium
Sodium aluminate
Sodium aluminum hydride
Sodium hydride
Sodium hyposulfite
Sodium sulfide
Stannic sulfide
Strontium monosulfide
Strontium tetrasulfide
Tetraborane
Thallium sulfide
Titanium sesquisulfide
Titanium sulfide
Triethyl aluminum
Triethyl stibine
Triisobutyl aluminum
Trimethyl aluminum
Trim ethyl stibine
Tri-n-butyl borane
Trioctyl aluminum
Uranium sulfide
Zinc acetylide
Zinc sulfide
GROUP 106 Water and Mixtures Con-
taining Water
Aqueous solutions and mixtures
Water
GROUP 107 Water Reactive Substances
Acetic anhydride
Acetyl bromide
Acetyl chloride
Alkyl aluminum chloride
81
-------
GROUP 107 Water Reactive Substances
cont'd
Allyl trichlorosilane
Aluminum aminoborohydride
Aluminum borohydride
Aluminum bromide
Aluminum chloride
Aluminum fluoride
Aluminum hypophosphide
Aluminum phosphide
Aluminum tetrahydroborate
Amyl trichlorosilane
Anisoyl chloride
Antimony tribromide
Antimony trichloride
Antimony trifluoride
Antimony triiodide
Antimony trivinyl
Arsenic tribromide
Arsenic trichloride
Arsenic triiodide
Barium
Barium carbide
Barium oxide
Barium sulfide
Benzene phosphorus dichloride
Benzoyl chloride
Benzyl silane
Benzyl sodium
Beryllium hydride
Beryllium tetrahydroborate
Bismuth pentafluoride
Borane
Boron bromodiiodide
Boron dibromoiodide
Boron phosphide
Boron tribromide
Boron trichloride
Boron trifluoride
Boron triiodide
Bromine monofluoride
Bromine pentafluoride
Bromine trifluoride
Bromo diethylaluminum
n-Butyl lithium
n-Butyl trichlorosilane
Cadmium acetylide
Cadmium amide
Calcium
Calcium carbide
Calcium hydride
Calcium oxide
Calcium phosphide
Cesium amide
Cesium hydride
Cesium phosphide
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine monofluoride
Chlorine pentafluoride
Chlorine trifluoride
Chloroacetyl chloride
Chlorodiisobutyl aluminum
Chlorophenyl isocyanate
Chromyl chloride
Copper acetylide
Cyclohexenyl trichlorosilane
Cyclohexyl trichlorosilane
Decaborane
Diborane
Diethyl aluminum chloride
Diethyl dichlorosilane
Diethyl zinc
Diisopropyl beryllium
Dimethyl dichlorosilane
Dimethyl magnesium
Diphenyl dichlorosilane
Diphenylmethane diisocyanate
Disulfuryl chloride
Dodecyl trichlorosilane
Ethyl dichloroarsine
Ethyl dichlorosilane
Ethyl trichlorosilane
Fluorine
Fluorine monoxide
Fluorosulfonic acid
Gold acetylide
Hexadecyl trichlorosilane
Hexyl trichlorosilane
Hydrobromic acid
Iodine monochloride
Lithium
Lithium aluminum hydride
Lithium amide
Lithium ferrosilicon
Lithium hydride
Lithium peroxide
Lithium silicon
Methyl aluminum sesquibromide
Methyl aluminum sesquichloride
Methyl dichlorosilane
82
-------
GROUP 107 Water Reactive Substances
cont'd
Methylene diisocyanate
Methyl isocyanate
Methyl trichlorosilane
Methyl magnesium bromide
Methyl magnesium chloride
Methyl magnesium iodide
Nickel antimonide
Nonyl trichlorosilane
Octadecyl trichlorosilane
Octyl trichlorosilane
Phenyl trichlorosilane
Phosphonium iodide
Phosphoric anhydride
Phosphorus oxychloride
Phosphorus pentasulfide
Phosphorus trisulfide
Phosphorus (amorphous red)
Phosphorus oxybromide
Phosphorus oxychloride
Phosphorus pentachloride
Phosphorus sesquisulfide
Phosphorus tribromide
Phosphorus trichloride
Polyphenyl poiym ethyl isocyanate
Potassium
Potassium hydride
Potassium oxide
Potassium peroxide
Propyl trichlorosilane
Pyrosulfuryl chloride
Silicon tetrachloride
Silver acetylide
Sodium
Sodium aluminum hydride
Sodium amide
Sodium hydride
Sodium methylate
Sodium oxide
Sodium peroxide
Sodium-potassium alloy
Stannic chloride
Sulfonyl fluoride
Sulfuric acid (>70%)
Sulfur chloride
Sulfur pentafluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Sulfuryl chloride
Thiocarbonyl chloride
Thionyl chloride
Thiophosphoryl chloride
Titanium tetrachloride
Toluene diisocyanate
Trichlorosilane
Triethyl aluminum
Triisobutyl aluminum
Trim ethyl aluminum
Tri-n-butyl aluminum
Tri-n-butyl borane
Trioctyl aluminum
Trichloroborane
Triethyl arsine
Triethyl stibine
Trimethyl arsine
Trimethyl stibine
Tripropyl stibine
Trisilyl arsine
Trivinyl stibine
Vanadium trichloride
Vinyl trichlorosiiane
Zinc acetylide
Zinc phosphide
Zinc peroxide
83
-------
APPENDIX 3. INDUSTRY INDEX AND LIST OF GENERIC NAMES OF WASTE-
STREAMS
This appendix consists of two separate but related tables. Table 1 is the Industry
Index which lists names of industries alphabetically with their corresponding Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) code numbers. Table 2 is the list of Generic Names of
Wastestreams.
This appendix is used to determine the RGN of wastestreams when their
compositions are not known specifically but are identified by their generic or common
names. The SIC code number of one wastestream produced by a given industry is
obtained from the Industry Index table (Table 1). This number is located in the List
of Generic Names of Wastestreams (Table 2). Then the corresponding industry source,
generic name of the waste, and its RGN are noted from the table. The process is
repeated for the second waste. The RGN for the two types of wastes are entered in
the compatibility worksheet (Figure 2) and the compatibility method in Section 4.
The primary references used in the compilation of the following tables are the
same ones used in Appendix 1, namely Ref. 1, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 32, 44, 52, and
77. The lists are in no way complete nor are the assignments of RGN to particular
wastestreams absolute. Changes in manufacturing processes and practices may change
the waste compositions thus resulting in different generic types of wastes.
-------
TABLE 1. INDUSTRY INDEX TABLE
Industry
SIC code Industry
SIC code
00
Chemical products, miscellaneous
Chemicals, agricultural
Chemicals, industrial inorganic
Chemicals, industrial organic
Drugs
Food and kindred products
Furniture and fixtures
Instruments, measuring
analyzing and control
Leather and leather products
Lumber and wood products
Machinery, except electrical
Machinery, equipment and supplies
electrical and electronic
Metal industries, primary
Metal products, fabricated
289 Mining, bituminous coal and lignite
287 Mining, metal
281 Paints, varnishes, lacquers, enamels
286 and allied products
283 Paper and allied products
20 Petroleum refining and related industries
25 Plastic materials and synthetic resins
Printing, publishing and allied industries
38 Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products
31 Services, business
24 Services, electrical, gas and sanitary
35 Soap, detergents and cleaning preparations
Stone, clay, glass and concrete products
36 Textile mill products
33 Transportation equipment
34
12
10
285
26
29
282
27
30
73
49
284
32
22
37
TABLE 2. GENERIC NAMES OF WASTESTREAMS
SIC code Industry source
Generic name of wastes
Reactivity
group nos.
10 Metal mining
10 Metal mining
12 Bituminus coal &
lignite mining
Ore extraction wastes
Ore flotation, leach, & electrolysis wastes
Coal processing wastes
1, 24
10, 24
24, 31, 101
-------
Table 2. (Continued)
SIC code Industry source
Generic name of wastes
Reactivity
group nos.
20 Food & kindred products
20 Food & kindred products
22 Textile mill products
22 Textile mill products
22 Textile mill products
22 Textile mill products
24 Lumber & wood products
24 Lumber & wood products
24 Lumber. & wood products
oo 25 Furniture & fixtures
allied products
allied products
allied products
allied products-
allied products
allied products
27 Printing, publishing &
allied ind.
27 Printing, publishing &
allied ind.
27 Printing, publishing &
allied ind.
27 Printing, publishing &
allied ind.
281 Industrial inorganic chemicals
281 Industrial inorganic chemicals
26
26
26
26
26
26
Paper &
Paper &
Paper &
Paper &
Paper &
Paper &
Coffee caffeine extraction chaff
Citrus pectin wastes
Cotton processing wastes
Orion production wastes
Wool processing wastes
Textile dyeing & finishing wastewater sludge
Plywood production phenolic resin wastes
Wood preserving spent liquors
Softwood anti-stain process wastes
Furniture paint stripping wastes
Wood processing wastes
Chemical pulping wastes
Dimethyl sulfate still bottoms
Paperboard productions wastes
Paperboard caustic sludge
Paper making & printing wastes
Newspaper printing & equipment
cleaning wastes
Packaging materials paint sludge
& solvent
Photofinishing wastes
Chromate printing wastes
Nitrous oxide mfg. wastes
Titanium dioxide mfg.-chloride
process wastes
17
1, ^
1, 10, 24
24, 31
1, 3, 24
17, 24
31
15, 17, 24, 27, 31
7, 17, 31
10, 24, 101
13, 16, 28, 29, 101
1, 101
1
24-, 31
10, 33
16, 24
4, 14, 16, 29
4, 13, 24
10
24, 104
10, 104
1, 24
-------
Table 2. (Continued)
SIC code Industry source
Generic name of wastes
Reactivity
group nos.
00
281
281
281
281
281
281
281
281
281
281
281
281
282
282
282
282
282
282
282
282
282
282
282
282
282
282
283
283
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Plastics
Plastics
Plastics
Plastics
Plastics
Plastics
Plastics
Plastics
Plastics
Plastics
Plastics
Plastics
Plastics
Plastics
Drugs
Drugs
materials & synthetics
materials & synthetics
materials <5c synthetics
materials & synthetics
materials & synthetics
materials & systhetics
materials & synthetics
materials & synthetics
materials & synthetics
materials & synthetics
materials & synthetics
materials & synthetics
materials & synthetics
materials & synthetics
Acetylene mfg. sludge
Industrial gas scrubber wastes
Antimony oxide mfg. wastes
Antimony pentafluoride production wastes
Chrome & zinc pigments mfg. wastes
Hydrogen chloride mfg. wastes
Chlorine fume control wastes
Fluoride salt production wastes
Mercuric cyanide mfg. wastes
Barium compounds mfg. wastes
Bichromate production wastes
Fluorine mfg. wastes
Adhesives & coating mfg. wastes
Poly vinyl acetate emulsion sludge
Plywood liquid resin plant wastes
Organic peroxide catalyst production wastes
Latex mfg. wastes
Acrylic resin production wastes
Cellulose ester production wastes 1, 3,
Ethylene & vinyl chloride mfg. residue
Urea & melanine resin mfg. wastes
Vinyl resin mfg. wastes
Adiponitrile production wastes
Urethane mfg. wastes
Synthetic rubber mfg. wastes
Rayon fiber mfg. wastes
Arsenic pharmaceutical wastes
Blood plasma fractions production
wastes
10
10
24, 33
15, 24
11, 24
1
1
15
11, 24
11, 24, 33
24
15, 104
10, 17, 19, 29
101, 103
4, 5, 10, 31
3, 101
13, 101, 103
3, 13, 26, 28, 103
4, 13, 14, 24, 103
17, 24, 29
6, 10, 24
17, 31
11, 26, 101, 103
16, 24
14, 16, 17, 27
24
24
4
-------
Table 2. (Continued)
SIC code Industry source
Generic name of wastes
Reactivity
group nos.
283
283
283
284
284
oo
oo
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
Drugs
Drugs
Drugs
Soaps & detergents
Soaps & detergents
285
285
285
285
285
285
Paints,
Paints,
Paints,
Paints,
Paints,
Paints,
varnishes,
varnishes,
varnishes,
varnishes,
varnishes,
varnishes,
lacquers
lacquers
lacquers
lacquers
lacquers
lacquers
Industrial organic chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals
Alkaloids extraction wastes
Mercurical pharmaceutical wastes
Antibiotic mfg. wastes
Chemical cleaning compounds mfg.
wastes
Bleach & detergent mfg. wastes
Paint wash solvent wastes
Glycerin sludge
Solvent based paint sludge
Water based paint sludge
Lacquer paints mfg. wastes
Putty & misc. paint products
mfg. wastes
4, 16, 17, 19, 29, 101
16, 24
4, 13, 14, 19
24, 104
10
101
4
11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 24, 101
24, 101, 103
13, 16, 19, 24
Benzene sulfonate phenol production
waste
Phenol production wastes from
cumene oxidation
Phenol production wastes from
chlorination benzene
Organic dye mfg. wastes
Chromate pigments and dye wastes
Cadmium-selenium pigment wastes
Nitrobenzene production wastes
Toluene diisocyanate production wastes
Pitch & creosote equipment cleaning
wastes
Chlorinated solvents refining wastes
Transformer oil mfg. wastes
Ethylene mfg. wastes by thermal pyrolysis
24, 101
1, 16
17, 101
17, 31
1, 7, 24, 31
7, 24, 27, 33
24
27
18, 24, 101
10
4, 16, 17, 19
17, 28
17, 31
-------
Table 2. (Continued)
SIC code Industry source
Generic name of wastes
Reactivity
group nos.
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
286
Industrial organic chemicals
00
SO
286
287
287
287
287
287
287
287
287
287
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
Industrail
Industrial
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals
286
286
286
286
286
286
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
Industrial
organic chemicals
organic chemicals
organic chemicals
organic chemicals
organic chemicals
organic chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals
Agricultural
Agricultural
Agricultural
Agricultural
Agricultural
Agricultural
Agricultural
Agricultural
Agricultural
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
Ethylene chloride mfg. wastes from
oxychlorination of ethylene
Ethylene glycol mfg. wastes
Freon mfg. wastes
Formaldehyde mfg. wastes
Epichlorohydrin mfg. wastes
Mfg. wastes from n-butane dehydrogenation
Acetaldehyde still bottoms from ethylene oxid.
Acetone mfg. wastes
Methanol mfg. wastes-carbon monoxide
synthesis
Methyl methacrylate resin mfg.
wastes 3, 13, 16,
Maleic anhydride production wastes
Lead alkyl production wastes
Perchloroethylene production wastes
Propylene glycol mfg. wastes
Acrylonitrile production wastes
Adipic acid production wastes-
cyclohexane oxid.
Vinyl chloride mfg. wastes
Buctril production caustic wash
DCP tar
MCP production wastes
DDT formulation wastes
Arsenic pesticide formulation wastes
Atrazine production wastes
Malathion production wastes
Parathion production wastes
Trifluralin mfg. wastes
17
4, 14, 17
1, 24
17, 24
4, 14, 17
17, 24, 33
5, 17
17, 31
17, 24
26, 28, 31, 103
3, 4, 28, 103
24
17, 28, 31
14, 17, 28
26, 101, 103
3, 24
17, 31
3, 10, 16, 17, 31
17, 31
1, 3, 13, 17, 31
10, 16, 17
24
3, 10, 11
16, 32
1, 32
16, 17, 27
-------
Table 2. (Continued)
SIC code Industry source
Generic name of wastes
Reactivity
group nos.
287
289
289
289
289
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
Agricultural chemicals
Misc. chemical products
Misc. chemical products
Misc. chemical products
Misc. chemical products
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
refining
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
&: related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
& related ind.
Phosphoric acid production wastes
TNT production wastes
TNT red water wastes
Penite production wastes
Acidic cleaning compounds
Coke product wastes
Catalyst wastes
Alkane production wastes
Wastewater treatment air floatation unit
Spent caustic
Dissolved air floatation emulsion
Catacarb rinse-water
Catalyst sludge
API separator sludge
Liquified petroleum gas proc. wastes
VLE alkylation sludge
Fluid catalytic cracker fines
Spent lime from boiler feed water
treatment
HF alkylation sludge, neutralized
Non-leaded gasoline tank bottoms
Leaded-gasoline tank bottoms
Refinery storm water run off silt
Waste biodegradation sludge
Coke fines
Lube oil filter clays
Kerosene filter clays
Cooling tower sludge
Slop oil emulsion solids
Exchange bundle cleaning sludge
1, 24
8, 16, 24, 27, 102
3, 27, 102
24
1
24, 101
24, 101
4, 7, 10, 16
floe 10
10, 20, 24, 31, 33
16, 24, 31, 33, 101
24
10, 24
11, 16, 24, 31, 33, 101
16, 101
10, 15
11, 16, 24, 31
10, 24, 31
15, 24, 31, 101
16, 24, 31, 101
16, 24, 31, 101
11, 16, 24, 31, 101
11, 24, 31
24, 31
16, 24, 31
16, 24, 31, 101
11, 16, 24, 31, 101
16, 24, 31, 101
16, 24, 31, 101
-------
Table 2. (Continued)
SIC code Industry source
Generic name of wastes
Reactivity
group nos.
VO
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
30
30
30
30
30
30
31
31
31
31
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining &: related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining <5c related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Petroleum refining & related ind.
Rubber & misc. plastic products
Rubber & misc. plastic products
Rubber & misc. plastic products
Rubber & misc. plastic products
Rubber & misc. plastic products
Rubber & misc. plastic products
Leather and leather products
Leather and leather products
Leather and leather products
Leather and leather products
Once through cooling water sludge
Crude tank bottoms
Sour refinery waste
Still bottoms
Waste brine sludge
Gasoline blending wastes
Soda ash alkaline solution
Acid sludge
Caustic cleaning solution
Alky spent caustic
Lime sludge from raw water treatment
Lube oil & grease reclaimer's residue
Waste lube oil & grease
Recycled oil spent sulfuric acid
Recycled oil acid sludge
Recycled oil caustic sludge
Recycled oil spent clays
Recycled oil still bottoms
Recycled oil wastewater
2k, 31, 101
16, 2k, 31, 101
10, 11, 20, 31, 33
2k
2k
2k, 101
10
1
10
10
10
2k
2k
1
1, 16, 28
10, 2k
101
31
31
Tires & inner tube mixing process wastes 17, 2k, 101
Tires & inner tube mixing preparation wastes 18
Tires & inner tube cleaning process wastes 17
Tires & inner tube mfg. wastes 5, 16, 17, 2k, 28
Medical product washings k
Medical product dispersion casting 16
Tanning solvents
Sulfide dehairing sludges
Tanning wastes
Chrome tan liquor
k, 19
33
10, 13, 2k, 101
2k, 33
-------
Table 2. (Continued)
SIC code Industry source
Generic name of wastes
Reactivity
group nos.
N)
32 Stone, clay, glass <3c concrete prod.
32 Stone, clay, glass & concrete prod.
32 Stone, clay, glass & concrete prod.
32 Stone, clay, glass & concrete prod.
32
32
32
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
Stone, clay, glass & concrete prod.
Stone, clay, glass & concrete prod.
Stone, clay, glass & concrete prod.
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Primary metal industries
Glass etching wastes
Mirror production wastes
Piezoelectric ceramics compounding
process wastes
Piezoelectric ceramics calcining
process wastes
Piezoelectric ceramics grinding wastes
Piezoelectric ceramics pressing wastes
Piezoelectric ceramics polarization wastes
Steel mfg. waste oil
Stainless steel pickling liquor
Pig iron production wastes
Steel finishing wastes
Steel mfg. wastes
Coke plant raw waste sludge
Carbon tubing undercoating process wastes
Metal smelting & refining wastes
Spent battery acid
Barium compounds smelting & refining wastes
Aluminum scrap melting wastes
Metal reclaiming wastes
Brass mill wastes
Aluminum extrusion solvents
Aluminum degreasing solvents
Aluminum fluodizing process wastes
Aluminum extrusion equipment cleaning wastes
Aluminum foundry wastes
Wire & cable fiber spinning wash
Wire & cable spent scrubber solution
24
24
24
24
24, 101
1, 2, 24
10, 11, 31
11, 24
1, 24, 31
7, 11, 16, 31
3, 24
1, 24
1
24
23, 25, 107
1, 2, 24
1, 24, 104
4
19
1
10, 101
15, 101
1
15
-------
Table 2. (Continued)
SIC code Industry source
Generic name of wastes
Reactivity
group nos.
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
34
35
35
35
35
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery except electrical
Machinery except electrical
Machinery except electrical
Machinery except electrical
Metal cleaning wastes
Can mfg. wastes
Steel pickling bath wastes
Metal drum reconditioning wastes
Submerged burnishing wastes
Acid plating solution
Programate sludge
Metal stripping wastes
Plating rack stripping wastes
Oxidizing sludge
Plating wastes
Steel fabrication waste oil
Metal plating degreasing solvents
Copper plating wastes
Brass plating wastes
Aluminum anodizing wastes
Chrome plating wastes
Metal coating phosphate sludge
Aluminum pickling bath
Nickel stripping wastes
Anodizing tank wastes
Chemical milling spent caustic
Galvanizing pickling bath
Galvanizing wastes
Wire products metal milling wastes
Rolling mill solvents
Rotogravure printing plate wastes
Duplicating & photoequipment mfg. wastes
Electric circuits mfg. acid solution
Electric circuits mfg. solvents
1, 2, 3, 24
1, 29, 101
1
10, 24
11, 24
2
10, 11, 24
11, 24
2
24
11, 24
101
19, 101
11, 24
11, 24
1, 24
11, 24
24, 101
1, 2
11
1
10, 24, 33
10
1
1, 2, 24
24, 101
10, 24
10, 24
1, 2, 24
4, 16, 19
-------
Table 2. (Continued)
SIC code Industry source
VO
4S-
35
35
35
35
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
Machinery
Machinery
Machinery
Machinery
Electrical
& sup.
Electrical
& sup.
Electrical
& sup.
Electrical
& sup.
Electrical
& sup.
Electrical
& sup.
Electrical
& sup.
Electrical
& sup.
Electrical
<5c sup.
Electrical
& sup.
Electrical
& sup.
Electrical
& sup.
Electrical
& sup
except electrical
except electrical
except electrical
except electrical
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
electronic
electronic
electronic
electronic
electronic
electronic-
electronic
electronic
electronic
electronic
electronic
electronic
electronic
equip.
equip
equip.
equip.
equip.
equip.
equip.
equip.
equip.
equip.
equip.
equip.
equip.
Generic name of wastes
Chromic acid bath
Electric computer metal plating wastes
Computer mfg. wastes
Machinery chemical milling acids
Electronic equipment dip & cleaning wastes
Electronic components plating wastes
Fiberglass form mfg. wastes
Reactivity
group nos.
1, 24,
1, 2, 24
11, 15, 17, 24, 101
1, 2, 24
10, 17, 24, 101
1, 2, 24
17, 19, 101
Electronic components mfg. solvents
Machine parts cleaning solvents
Electronic components etching solution
Copper plating cyanide stripping solution
T.V. picture tube mfg. wastes
Miniature equip, chemical milling wastes
Telephone answering device mfg. wastes
Electronic tube production wastes
Metal finishing wastewater treatment sludge
Semi-conductor mfg. wastes
4, 13, 16, 17, 19, 101
4, 17, 19
10, 15
11
1, 2
10, 16
4, 17
1, 24
10, 24
1, 2, 24, 104
-------
Table 2. (Continued)
SIC code Industry source
Generic name of wastes
Reactivity
group nos.
NO
36
36
36
36
36
36
36
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
38
38
Electrical & electronic equip.
& sup.
Electrical & electronic equip.
& sup.
Electrical & electronic equip.
& sup.
Electrical & electronic equip.
&: sup.
Electrical & electronic equip.
& sup.
Electrical &: electronic equip.
& sup.
Electrical &: electronic equip.
& sup.
Transportation equipment
Transportation equipment
Transportation equipment
Transportation equipment
Transportation equipment
Transportation equipment
Transportation equipment
Transportation equipment
Transportation equipment
Transportation equipment
Transportation equipment
Transportation equipment
Measuring, analyzing & controlling
instruments
Measuring, analyzing & controlling
instruments
Silicon etching solution
Electronic components paint sludge
1, 2
t, 16, 19, 101, 107
Ceramic capacitor production waste solvent
Magnetic tape mfg. wastes
Magnetic recorder head laminating proc. wastes
Battery reclamation wastes
Storage battery mfg. wastes
Automobile paint application & clean up wastes
Automobile electro deposition primer paint wastes
Automobile paint sludge
Automobile mfg. wastewater treatment residue
Aircraft alkaline cleaning solution
Aircraft aluminum etching wastes
Aircraft parts acid plating wastes
Aircraft parts anodizing wastes
Chrome plating wastes
Aluminum hot-seal wastes
Chrome destruct sludge
Rail car metal cleaning wastes
Chlorinated cleaning solvents
Microfilm production wastes
16, 17, 19
24, 104
4, 14, 17, 19
1
10, 24
24, 31
19, 24, 31
10, 24, 31
24, 31
10, 104
10, 33
1, 24, 104
1
24, 104
24, 104
10, 24
1, 24, 101
17
4, 14, 19
-------
Table 2. (Continued)
SIC code Industry source
Generic name of wastes
Reactivity
group nos.
SO
38 Measuring, analyzing & controlling
instruments
49 Electric gas & sanitary service
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
73
Business services
Business services
Business services
Business services
Business Services
Business services
Business services
Business services
Business services
Business services
Business services
Graphic arts adhesive mfg. wastes
Askarel liquid
Printed circuit board laboratory wastes
Photographic fixing solution
Film processing acid wastes
Ship line flush wastes
Equipment & floor cleaning caustic wastes
Acidic chemical cleaning solution
Railroad equipment cleaning caustic wastes
Boiler wash
Solvent recovery tank bottoms
Solvent recovery sludge
Chlorinated solvent recovery still bottoms
16, 28, 101
17
10, 11
3, 5
4, 10, 13, 16
10
1
10, 101
1
4, 19, 24, 101
4, 17, 19, 27, 101
17, 24, 101
-------
APPENDIX 4. LIST OF INCOMPATIBLE BINARY COMBINATIONS OF HAZARDOUS
WASTES BY REACTIVITY GROUPS AND POTENTIAL ADVERSE
REACTION CONSEQUENCES
This appendix describes in detail the potential adverse reaction consequences
predicted in the Hazardous Wastes Compatibility Chart (Figure 6) in Section 5. The
list of reactions do not in any way represent all the possible incompatible reactions
that can occur between any two given types of wastes.
The first column of the list identifies the binary combinations of the wastes by
Reactivity Group Numbers (RGN). The second column lists the corresponding adverse
reaction consequences. For every reaction, the supporting references are given for
the users information.
Reactivity
Group No.
Combination
1 + 4
1 + 5
1 + 6
1 + 7
1 + 8
Adverse Reaction and Consequences
MINERAL ACIDS + ALCOHOLS AND GLYCOLS
Dehydration reactions and displacement with the halide result in heat
generation.
Ref. 31.
MINERAL ACIDS + ALDEHYDES
Condensation reactions cause heat generation. Acroiein and other
8-unsaturated aldehydes polymerize readily.
Ref. 32, *3.
MINERAL ACIDS + AMIDE
Hydrolysis of amide to the corresponding carboxylic acid results in
an exotherm.
Ref. 32, 43.
MINERAL ACIDS + AMINES
The acid base reaction between these two types of compounds forming
the ammonium salts may be sufficiently exothermic to cause a hazard.
Ref. 16, 32.
MINERAL ACIDS + AZO COMPOUNDS
Amyl azo and diazo compounds decompose exothermically upon mixing
97
-------
1 + 8 MINERAL ACIDS + AZO COMPOUNDS (Continued)
with strong mineral acids to yield nitrogen gas and the corresponding
amyl cation. Aliphatic azo and diazo compounds, particularly diazo-
alkanes, can polymerize violently with heat generation. Organo azides
can also decompose exothermically with strong acid to form nitrogen
gas and the respective cations. An exotherm also results from the
acid-base reaction of hydrazines with mineral acids as hydrazines are
comparable in base strength to ammonia. Diazomethane is a par-
ticularly reactive compound in this group.
Ref. 22, 79.
1 + 9 MINERAL ACIDS + CARBAMATES
Carbamates can undergo hydrolysis as well as decarboxylation upon
mixing with strong mineral acids. Both reactions are exothermic and
the latter can generate pressure if it occurs in a closed container.
Ref. 49, 55.
1 + 10 MINERAL ACIDS + CAUSTICS
The acid-base reaction between strong mineral acids and strong
caustics is extremely exothermic and many times violent. Fires can
result if the caustic substance is an alkoxide.
1 + 11 MINERAL ACIDS + CYANIDE
Inorganic cyanides rapidly form extremely toxic and flammable hy-
drogen cyanide gas upon contact with mineral acids.
Ref. 69.
1 + 12 MINERAL ACIDS + DITHIOCARBAMATES
Acid hydrolysis of dithiocarbamate heavy metal salts with strong
mineral acids yields extremely flammable and toxic carbon disulfide
gas. An exotherm can be expected from the reaction.
Ref. 50.
1 + 13 MINERAL ACIDS + ESTERS
Strong mineral acids in excess will cause hydrolysis and decomposition
of esters with heat generation.
Ref. 55.
1 + 14 MINERAL ACIDS + ETHERS
Ether may undergo hydrolysis with strong acids exothermically.
Ref. 31, 55.
1 + 15 MINERAL ACIDS + FLUORIDES
Most inorganic fluorides yield toxic and corrosive hydrogen fluoride
98
-------
1 + 15 MINERAL ACIDS + FLUORIDES (Continued)
gas upon reaction with strong mineral acids.
Ref. 54, 69.
1 + 17 MINERAL ACIDS + HALOGENATED ORGANICS
Strong mineral acids in excess may cause decomposition with genera-
tion of heat and toxic fumes of hydrogen halides.
Ref. 69.
1 + 18 MINERAL ACIDS + ISOCYANATES
Acid catalyzed decarboxylation as well as vigorous decomposition can
occur upon mixing of isocyanates with strong mineral acids.
Ref. 55.
1 + 19 MINERAL ACID + KETONE
Acid catalyzed aldol condensation occurs exothermically.
Ref. 55.
1 + 20 MINERAL ACIDS + MERCAPTANS
Alkyl mercaptans are particularly reactive with mineral acids yielding
extremely toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide gas. Other mer-
captans can yield hydrogen sulfide with excess strong acids. Excess
strong acid can also result in decomposition and generation of toxic
fumes of sulfur oxides.
Ref. 69.
1 + 21 MINERAL ACIDS + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
The reaction of strong mineral acids with alkali and alkaline earth
metals in any form will result in a vigorous exothermic generation
of flammable hydrogen gas and possible fire.
Ref. 69.
1 + 22 MINERAL ACIDS + METAL POWDERS, VAPORS, OR SPONGES
Reactions of strong mineral acids with finely divided metals or metals
in a form with high surface area will result in vigorous generation
of flammable hydrogen gas and possible explosion caused by the heat
of reaction.
Ref. 69.
1 + 23 MINERAL ACIDS + METAL SHEETS, RODS, DROPS, ETC.
Strong mineral acids will form flammable hydrogen gas upon contact
with metals in the form of plates, sheets, chunks, and other bulk
forms. The heat of reaction may ignite the gas formed.
Ref. 69.
99
-------
1 + 24 MINERAL ACIDS + TOXIC METALS
Mineral acids tend to solubilize toxic metals and metal compounds
releasing previously fixed toxic constituents to the environment.
Ref. 23, 69.
1 + 25 MINERAL ACIDS + NITRIDES
The aqueous fraction of strong mineral acids will react with nitrides
evolving caustic and flammable ammonia gas. The acid-base reaction
of mineral acids and nitrides can also evolve much heat and ammonia.
Ref. 7, 69.
1 + 26 MINERAL ACIDS + NITRILES
Exothermic hydrolysis of nitriies to the corresponding carboxylic acid
and ammonium ion is known to occur with mineral acids. Extremely
toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas may be evolved with such
compounds as acetone, cyanohydrin and propionitriles.
Ref. 54, 69.
1 + 28 MINERAL ACIDS + UNSATURATED ALIPHATICS
Addition of mineral acids to alkenes usually results in exothermic
acid catalyzed hydration and partial addition of the hydrogen halide
or sulfates. Acetylenes are also susceptible to exothermic acid
catalyzed hydration forming the corresponding aldehyde or ketone,
with possible addition of the hydrogen halide in the case of halogen
acids.
Ref. 55, 67.
1 + 30 MINERAL ACIDS + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
Strong mineral acids can react with organic peroxides and hydro-
peroxides with enough heat generated to cause explosive decomposition
in the more unstable compounds. Oxygen can also be generated.
Ref. 7, 14.
1 + 31 MINERAL ACIDS + PHENOLS AND CRESOLS
Exothermic sulfonation reactions can occur with addition of sulfonic
acid to phenols and cresols. substitution of the hydroxyl with a halide
can occur with addition of the halogen acids. Excess strong acid
can decompose phenols and cresols with heat'generation.
Ref. 55, 57.
1 + 32 MINERAL ACID + ORGANOPHOSPHATES
Excess strong mineral acid can cause decompostion of organophos-
phates, phosphothioate and phosphodithioates with heat generation and
possibly toxic gas formation.
Ref. 69.
100
-------
1 + 33 MINERAL ACIDS + SULFIDES
Extremely toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide gas results from the
combination of mineral acids and sulfides.
Ref. 69.
1 + 34 MINERAL ACIDS + EPOXIDES
Acid catalyzed cleavage can occur initiating polymerization with much
heat generated.
Ref. 55.
1 + 101 MINERAL ACIDS + COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
Dehydration and decomposition on addition of excess strong mineral
acid can cause heat and possibly toxic gas generation.
Ref. 69, 70.
1 + 102 MINERAL ACIDS + EXPLOSIVES
Many explosives are extremely heat sensitive and can be detonated
by heat generated from the action of strong mineral acids on these
compounds.
Ref. 69, 70.
1 + 102 MINERAL ACIDS + POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS
Strong mineral acids can act as initiators in the polymerization of
these compounds. The reactions are exothermic and can occur
violently.
Ref. 51.
1 + 104 MINERAL ACIDS + STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS
Many combinations of strong mineral acids and strong oxidizing agents
are sensitive to heat and shock and may decompose violently. The
halogen acids may be oxidized yielding highly toxic and corrosive
halogen gases, accompanied by heat generation.
Ref. 7, 22, 54, 69, 71, 76.
1 + 105 MINERAL ACIDS + STRONG REDUCING AGENTS
Many reducing agents form flammable hydrogen gas on contact with
mineral acids. The heat generated can cause spontaneous ignition.
Some reducing agents such as metal phosphides and inorganic sulfides
evolve extremely toxic and flammable fumes of phosphine and hy-
drogen sulfides, respectively.
Ref. 7, 22, 54, 69, 71, 76.
101
-------
1 + 106 MINERAL ACIDS + WASTE AND MISCELLANEOUS AQUEOUS
MIXTURES
Much heat can be evolved upon solubilization and hydrolysis of these
acids.
1 + 107 MINERAL ACIDS + WATER REACTIVES
Group 107 compounds not only share the characteristic that hazardous
consequences can result from their contact with water; they are also
generally extremely reactive with most of the other compounds listed.
In many cases much heat is generated along with toxic and/or
flammable gases. Explosions may occur, or highly unstable mixtures
may result. For this reason, it is recommended that Group 107
compounds be completely isolated from the other compounds. Many
of these Group 107 compounds are also pyrophoric, especially those
which are also classed as strong reducing agents.
Ref. 7, 22, 54, 69, 71, 76.
2 + 3 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + ORGANIC ACIDS
These mineral acids can oxidize the hydrocarbon moeity of organic
acids with resulting heat and gas formation.
2 + H OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + ALCOHOLS and GLYCOLS
Oxidation of the hydrocarbon moeity can occur resulting in heat and
gas formation. Nitration with nitric acid can take place in the
presence of sulfuric acid forming extremely unstable nitro compounds.
Ref. 55. 69.
2 + 5 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + ALDEHYDES
Oxidation of the hydrocarbon moeity can occur resulting in heat and
gas formation.
Ref. 69.
2 + 6 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + AMIDES
Oxidation with excess acid can result in heat generation and formation
of toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides.
Ref. 69.
2 + 7 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + AMINES
The acid-base reaction produces much heat and exhaustive oxidation
results in generation of heat and toxic fumes of nitrogen oxide.
Ref. 55, 69.
2 + 8 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + A2O COMPOUNDS
Azo compounds and diazo compounds are easily decomposed by strong
102
-------
2 + 8 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + AZO COMPOUNDS (continued)
acids evolving much heat and nitrogen gas. They are very susceptible
to oxidation and can evolve toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides upon
exhaustive oxidation. Hydrazines are especially susceptible to oxi-
dation and inflame upon contact with oxidizing agents. Many of the
compounds in this group such as diazomethane and the azides are
very unstable and can decompose explosively upon heating.
Ref. 7, 54, 69.
2 + 9 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + CARBAMATES
Carbamates can undergo exothermic hydrolysis and decarboxylation
upon mixing with these acids. Exhaustive oxidation can also result
in formation of toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides in
the case of thiocarbamates.
Ref. 49, 54, 69.
2+10 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + CAUSTICS
The neutralization reaction can be violent with evolution of much
heat.
Ref. 69.
2 + 11 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + CYANIDES
Evolution of extremely toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas
will occur before oxidation.
Ref. 69.
2 + 12 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + DITHIOCARBAMATES
Acids will cause decomposition of dithiocarbamates with evolution of
extremely flammable carbon disulfide. Significant heat may be
generated by the oxidation and decomposition to ignite the carbon
disulfide.
Ref. 50.
2 + 13 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + ESTERS
Exhaustive oxidation of esters can cause decomposition with heat and
possible ignition of the more flammable esters. Conversion to the
organic acid and decarboxylation can also occur.
Ref. 55, 69.
2 + 14 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + ETHERS
Heat generated from the exhaustive oxidation of ethers can ignite
the more flammable ethers. These compounds can also undergo
exothermic acid catalyzed cleavage.
Ref. 55, 69.
103
-------
2 + 15 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + FLUORIDES
Gaseous hydrogen fluoride can result from a combination of inorganic
fluorides and these acids. Hydrogen fluoride is extremely corrosive
and toxic. Some heat can also be evolved.
Ref. 69.
2+16 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Oxidation of the hydrocarbon may produce enough heat to ignite the
mixture.
Ref. 69.
2 + 17 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + HALOGENATED ORGANICS
These acids can cause oxidation and decomposition of halogenated
organics resulting in heat and generation of extremely toxic fumes
of hydrogen chloride, phosgene, and other gaseous halogenated com-
pounds.
Ref. 69.
2 + 18 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + ISOCYANATES
Isocyanates may be hydrolyzed by the water in concentrated acids
to yield heat and carbon dioxide. They may also be oxidized by
these acids to yield heat and toxic nitrogen oxides.
Ref. 69, 71.
2 + 19 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + KETONES
Ketones can undergo exothermic aldol condensations under acidic
conditions. Oxidizing acids can cleave the ketone to give a mixture
of acids. Excess acid can cause complete decomposition yielding
much heat and gas. Fire can also result.
Ref. 55, 69.
2 + 20 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + MERCAPTANS
Extremely toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide gas can be formed
by the action of the acid on mercaptans. Oxidation of mercaptans
and other sulfur compounds can result in formation of toxic sulfur
dioxide and heat.
Ref. 69.
2 + 21 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
Extremely flammable hydrogen gas can be generated upon contact of
acids and these metals. The reaction of such a strong oxidizing agent
and strong reducing agents can be so violent as to cause a fire and
possibly an explosion.
Ref. 69.
-------
2 + 22 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + METAL POWDERS. VAPORS, and
SPONGES ~~~~
The action of acid on these metals produces hydrogen gas and heat.
Due to the large surface area of these forms of metals, the reaction
can occur with explosive violence.
Ref. 7, 69.
2 + 23 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + METAL SHEETS. RODS, DROPS, ETC.
The reaction of acids on metals as sheets, plates, and other bulk
forms can evolve hydrogen gas and some heat. Although the reaction
proceeds much slower than in the case of powders, a definite fire
hazard exists. Of the metals listed in Group 23, only zirconium is
not attacked by nitric acid.
Ref. 54.
2 + 24 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + TOXIC METALS
Many of the compounds in Group 24 are very easily solubilized by
strong acids, consequently, the toxic metal compounds are converted
into forms which are more easily transported and assimilated. Some
of these compounds have other hazardous properties and are classified
elsewhere.
Ref. 54, 69.
2 + 25 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + NITRIDES
Nitrides are extremely strong bases and will participate in an acid-base
reaction evolving much heat. This reaction can proceed with explosive
violence due to the instability of metal nitrides and the generation
of flammable ammonia gas.
Ref. 7, 69.
2 + 26 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + NITRILES
The primary hazard in mixing these types of compounds appears to
be oxidation of the nitriles with generation of heat and toxic fumes
of nitrogen oxides. In some cases such as acetone cyanohydrin and
propionitrile, extremely toxic hydrogen cyanide gas is known to result
from mixing with strong acids. These fumes are also flammable.
Mixtures of nitric acid and acetonitrile are high explosives.
Ref. 7, 54, 69.
2 + 27 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + NITRO COMPOUNDS
These acids can decompose nitro compounds to produce heat and toxic
fumes of nitrogen oxide. This oxidation can be extremely violent.
Mixtures of nitric acid and nitroaromatics are known to exhibit
explosive properties. Mixtures of some nitroalkanes (nitromethane)
with nitric acid can also be detonated.
Ref. 7, 69.
105
-------
2 + 28 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + UNSATURATED ALIPHATICS
Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons are extremely susceptible to oxi-
dation resulting in heat generation and fire.
Ref. 55, 69.
2 + 29 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + SATURATED ALIPHATICS
Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are easily oxidized by these acids
yielding heat and carbon dioxide.
Ref. 31, 69.
2 + 30 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
The lower molecular weight organic peroxides and hydroperoxides are
very sensitive to heat and shock. Mixing of oxidizing mineral acids
with such unstable compounds can cause heat generation due to the
oxidizing capacity of the acids and acid catalyzed hydrolysis. These
reactions can cause explosive decomposition.
Ref. 7, 40.
2 + 31 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + PHENOLS AND CRESOLS
Phenols and cresols are easily oxidized and excess oxidizing acids can
result in much heat generation.
Ref. 55, 69.
2 + 32 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + ORGANOPHOSPHATES
Excess oxidizing acid can decompose these compounds to yield heat
and toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and phosphorous
oxides.
Ref. 69.
2 + 33 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + SULFIDES
Toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide gas can be generated by the
action of these acids on inorganic sulfides. These sulfides can also
be oxidized exothermically to sulfur dioxide, also a toxic gas. This
reaction can occur very violently.
Ref. 69.
2 + 34 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + EPOXIDES
Epoxides are very easily cleaved by acids with heat generation. This
ring opening can be the initiating step in the formation of epoxy
resins, and uncontrolled polymerization can result in extreme heat
generation. The oxidation capacity of these acids can cause ignition
of the epoxides.
Ref. 51, 55.
106
-------
2 + 101 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
Oxidizing mineral acids can decompose substances in Group 101 with
heat generation and possibly fire. Toxic gases may also be formed
as combustion products, but the type of gas will depend upon the
composition of these miscellaneous substances.
Ref. 69.
2 + 102 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + EXPLOSIVES
Such strong acids can easily detonate compounds in this group of
explosives due to the heat generated upon mixing. The oxidizing
character of these acids merely enhances the possibility of detonation.
Ref. 69, 70.
2 + 103 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + POLMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS
As in note 1 + 102, these acids can act as initiators in the poly-
merization of many compounds. These reactions are exothermic and
can occur violently. In addition, these acids can oxidize the compounds
of Group 103, producing more heat and possible toxic fumes.
Ref. 51, 69, 76.
2 + 105 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + STRONG REDUCING AGENTS
Mixing of compounds in these two groups can result in very violent,
extremely exothermic reactions. Fires and explosions can result.
Ref. 23, 69.
2 + 106 OXIDIZING MINERAL ACIDS + WATER and WATER MIXTURES
Much heat can be evolved from the dissolution of these acids by
water.
Ref. 69.
3 + 4 ORGANIC ACIDS + ALCOHOLS and GLYCOLS
The organic acids of primary concern in this combination are those
with a-substituted halogens such as chloroacetic acid, and a- and
B-substituted carboxyl groups such as oxalic acid and malonic acid.
These acids are comparable in strength to strong mineral acids and
can catalyze dehydration and esterification in alcohols and glycols
with heat generation. Polyhydric alcohols and polybasic acids can
polymerize by esterification with much heat evolved. Due to their
acid strength, these halo organic acids would be more accurately
compared to acids of Group 1 in terms of reactivity. Hereafter,
refer to Group I to find the reactivity of these acids. The non-
substituted monobasic aliphatic and aromatic acids are relatively
nonreactive with alcohols and glycols and esterify only with strong
mineral acids or other catalysts present.
Ref. 31, 54, 55.
107
-------
3 + 5 ORGANIC ACIDS + ALDEHYDES
Exothermic condensation reactions can occur between these two types
of compounds. The acidic character of the organic acids may be
sufficient to catalyze the reaction. Polybasic and unsaturated acids
are susceptible to polymerization under these conditions, resulting in
much heat generated.
Ref. 31.
3 + 7 ORGANIC ACIDS + AMINES
An acid-base reaction between the stronger acids and amines can
generate some heat. Discarboxylic acids and diamines can copoly-
merize with heat generation.
Ref. 25, 64.
3 + 8 ORGANIC ACIDS + AZO COMPOUNDS
Aliphatic and aromatic diazo compounds are readily decomposed by
organic acids releasing heat and nitrogen gas as reaction products.
Azo compounds are not sensitive to such decomposition. Hydrazine
azide is extremely sensitive to heat or shock. An acid-base reaction
with hydrazine can produce some heat.
Ref. 22, 71.
3 + 10 ORGANIC ACIDS + CAUSTICS
Acid-base reactions produce heat.
Ref. 55.
3+11 ORGANIC ACIDS + CYANIDES
Hydrogen cyanide, an extremely toxic and flammable gas, is generated
upon mixing.
Ref. 69.
3+12 ORGANIC ACIDS + DITHIOCARBAMATES
Toxic and flammable carbon disulfide can be formed upon contact of
dithiocarbamate with the stronger organic acids. Although CS2 is a
liquid at room temperature, it has a very high vapor pressure. Some
heat can be generated from the hydrolysis of the dithiocarbamate
salts.
Ref. 50.
3 + 15 ORGANIC ACIDS + FLUORIDES
Toxic and corrosive hydrogen fluoride fumes can be generated by the
action of strong organic acids upon metal fluoride salts. Alkali metal
fluorides are especially susceptible to decomposition in this manner.
Ref. 22, 69.
108
-------
3+18 ORGANIC ACIDS + ISOCYANATES
Some water is normally associated with organic acids, and this can
cause hydrolysis of isocyanates to carbon dioxide and amines with
some heat generated.
Ref. 55.
3 + 21 ORGANIC ACIDS + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Reaction of organic acids with these metals in any form can result
in exothermic generation of flammable hydrogen gas and possible fire.
Ref. 57.
3 + 22 ORGANIC ACIDS + METAL POWDERS, VAPORS, and SPONGES
The stronger organic acids can liberate flammable hydrogen gas upon
contact with metals in these forms. The heat of reaction can cause
explosions.
Ref. 69.
3 + 2* ORGANIC ACIDS + TOXIC METALS
The stronger organic acids can solubilize some of these metal com-
pounds and complex with the metal.
Ref. 55.
3 + 25 ORGANIC ACIDS + NITRIDES
An acid-base reaction can occur resulting in heat and possible evolution
of flammable ammonia gas. Many of these nitrides are explosively
unstable and can be detonated by the heat of reaction.
Ref. 7, 22.
3 + 26 ORGANIC ACIDS + NITRILES
Strong organic acids can convert nitriles to their corresponding organic
acid with some heat generation.
Ref. 57.
3 + 33 ORGANIC ACIDS + SULFIDES
Extremely toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide and some heat can
be generated.
Ref. 69.
3 + 34 ORGANIC ACIDS + EPOXIDES
Acid catalyzed cleavage of the epoxide ring can initiate violent
polymerization with much heat generated.
Ref. 55.
109
-------
3 + 102 ORGANIC ACIDS + EXPLOSIVES
Strong organic acids can decompose compounds in this group resulting
in enough heat to cause detonation.
Ref. 69.
3 + 103 ORGANIC ACIDS + POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS
Strong organic acids can initiate cationic polymerization. Dicarboxylic
acids can copolymerize with diamines as in the reaction of adipic
acid and hexamethylene diamine to form nylon 6, 6.
Ref. 25, 51, 70.
3 + 104 ORGANIC ACIDS + OXIDIZING AGENTS
The hydrocarbon moeity of the organic acids are susceptible to
decomposition by strong oxidizing agents releasing heat and gas. The
gas produced can be toxic if the acid contains halogens such as
dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, or if it contains other hetero atoms.
Ref. 69.
3 + 105 ORGANIC ACIDS + REDUCING AGENTS
Carboxylic acids are easily reduced by lithium aluminum hydride to
the corresponding alcohols with some heat generation. Other reducing
agents require more vigorous reaction conditions. Flammable hydrogen
gas can be produced from the extractions of the hydroxyl proton and
the 6-hydrogens.
4 + 8 ALCOHOLS and GLYCOLS + A2O COMPOUNDS
Alkyl and aryl diazo compounds are susceptible to replacement by
alkoxy groups yielding nitrogen gas and various ether compounds.
Literature indicates that organic azides and hydrazines are generally
immiscible with alcohols and glycols and do not react violently.
Ref. 54, 71.
4+18 ALCOHOLS and GLYCOLS + ISOCYANATES
Polyhydric alcohols and polyisocyanates polymerize very readily due
to the ease of addition reactions at the isocyanate group. Much heat
can be evolved. Monohydric alcohols form carbamates with iso-
cyanates with some evolution of heat.
Ref. 54, 71.
4 + 21 ALCOHOLS and GLYCOLS + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Alcohols and glycols decompose these active metals yielding flammable
hydrogen gas and the corresponding metal alkoxides. The reaction
with alkali metals can be violent with much heat generated and fire.
These metal alkoxides are strongly caustic and easily hydrolyzed by
water and acids yielding heat.
110
-------
* + 21 ALCOHOLS and GLYCOLS + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
(Continued) ~~~~~
Ref. 5*, 55, 57.
* + 23 ALCOHOLS and GLYCOLS + NITRIDES
Flammable ammonia gas is generated by the action of alcohols and
glycois on nitrides. Most nitrides are very unstable and may be
detonated by the heat of reaction.
Ref. 71.
* + 30 ALCOHOLS and GLYCOLS + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
Alcohols and glycois may be oxidized by these organic peroxides and
hydroperoxides to yield heat and possibly fire.
Ref. 76.
* + 3^ ALCOHOLS and GLYCOLS + EPOXIDES
Traces of acid or base can catalyze polymerization of these compounds
with heat.
Ref. 55.
* + 10* ALCOHOLS and GLYCOLS + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Oxidation of alcohols and glycois with these strong oxidizing agents
can produce heat and inflame or can form explosively unstable
compounds.
Ref. 32.
t + 105 ALCOHOLS and GLYCOLS + REDUCING AGENTS
The hydroxyl proton is easily extracted by these strong reducing
agents to yield flammable hydrogen gas. In many cases, ignition
occurs and sometimes explosions may also occur.
Ref. 7, 22, 32, 54, 55, 76.
it + 107 ALCOHOLS and GLYCOLS + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
5 + 7 ALDEHYDES + AMINES
Exothermic condensation to form amines can occur. The reaction
can be catalyzed by acid.
Ref. 55.
5 + 8 ALDEHYDES + AZO COMPOUNDS
Aliphatic diazo compounds, especially diazomethane, react with al-
dehydes to give ketones, ethylene oxide derivatives, and nitrogen gas.
Ill
-------
5 + 8 ALDEHYDES + AZO COMPOUNDS (Continued)
Aromatic diazo compounds can effect an electrophilic substitution on
an aldehyde with heat and generation of nitrogen gas. Aldehydes
and hydrazines can condense exothermically to form hydrazones.
Ref. 43, 71.
5 + 10 ALDEHYDES + CAUSTICS
Aldehydes undergo self-condensation in combination with caustics and,
in the case of acrolein, can result in violent polymerization. Much
heat is evolved.
Ref. 43, 57.
5+12 ALDEHYDES + DITHIOCARBAMATES
Not much is known about this combination. If these compounds do
react, an amide and toxic and flammable carbon disulfide can result.
This reaction may be acid catalyzed.
Ref. 50.
5 + 21 ALDEHYDES + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Owing to the extreme reactivity of these metals and the carbonyl
functionality of aldehydes, attack of the metal radical can occur at
a number of sites including the oxygen and the a-hydrogen. Extraction
of the a-hydrogens can result in generation of flammable hydrogen
gas. Various other condensation reactions can be initiated by this
substitution resulting in heat generation.
Ref. 39.
5 + 25 ALDEHYDES + NITRIDES
Nitrides are known to be extremely strong bases and can consequently
catalyze condensation reactions liberating heat. With acrolein, un-
controlled self-polmerization can result. The labile a-hydrogens of
aldehydes may be extracted forming flammable ammonia gas.
Ref. 54, 76.
5 + 27 ALDEHYDES + NITRO COMPOUNDS
The aliphatic nitro compounds are somewhat susceptible to condensa-
tion with aldehydes resulting in some heat generation. Formaldehyde
and nitromethane can react readily in this manner.
Ref. 31.
j
5 + 28 ALDEHYDES + UNSATURATED ALIPHATICS
At elevated temperatures, a Diels-Alder type reaction can take place
between acrolein and 1, 3-butadiene and may be exothermic.
Ref. 55.
112
-------
5 + 30 ALDEHYDES + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
A mixture of' aldehydes and hydroperoxides results in formation of
ot-hydroxy peroxides which are unstable to heat and stock. Acyl
peroxides such as diacetyl peroxide can decompose with slight heating
resulting in formation of CO, and methyl radicals. These radicals
can abstract hydrogen from aldehydes and initiate a chain reaction
and produce much heat. Alkyl and acyl peroxides can decompose in
the same manner and initiate free radical reactions involving aldehydes
to yield heat. Peroxy acids are very strong oxidizers in themselves
and can react violently with aldehydes.
Ref. 32, 40.
5 + 33 ALDEHYDES + SULFIDES
Aqueous sulfides can react readily with aldehydes to form gemhyd-
roxythiols with much heat generated.
Ref. 20
5 + 3* ALDEHYDES + EPOXIDES
An electrophilic ring opening is possible, but information is very
scarce on this type of reaction.
5 + 10* ALDEHYDES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Aldehydes are very easily oxidized by these compounds resulting in
formation of the corresponding carboxylic acid or complete decom-
position. In both cases, heat is evolved, and fires can result.
Ref. 55, 69.
5 + 105 ALDEHYDES + REDUCING AGENTS
The labile ct-hydrogens of the aldehydes may be extracted by some
reducing agents to yield flammable hydrogen gas with some heat.
Ref. 43, 55.
6 + 21 AMIDES + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Alkali and alkaline earth metals can abstract a N-hydrogen forming
flammable hydrogen gas. Some heat may be generated.
Ref. 57.
6 + 2* AMIDES + TOXIC METALS
Lower molecular weight amides which are liquid at room temperature
are used as ionizing solvents and can solubilize salts of many toxic
metal compounds.
Ref. 5*.
113
-------
6 + 104 AMIDES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Exhaustive oxidation of amides can result in heat generation and
evolution of toxic nitrogen oxide fumes.
Ref. 69.
6 + 105 AMIDES + REDUCING AGENTS
The N-hydrogen can be easily extracted by these reducing agents to
yield heat and flammable hydrogen gas.
Ref. 57.
7 + 12 AMINES + DITHIOCARBAMATES
Little information is available in the literature reviewed. Reaction
between these two groups may produce hazardous consequences. It
is recommended that mixing be avoided pending laboratory assessment
of safety.
7+17 AMINES + HALOGENATED ORGANICS
Amines are particularly susceptible to alkylation by alkyl halides
resulting in formation of secondary and tertiary amines and some
heat.
Ref. 16.
7+18 AMINES + ISOCYANATES
Amines act as organic bases in catalyzing the polymerization of
isocyanates. The uncontrolled reaction can be violent and produce
much heat.
Ref. 76.
7 + 21 AMINES + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
These metals can dissolve in amines yielding strongly reducing metal
amide solutions and flammable hydrogen gas.
Ref. 22.
7 + 2^ AMINES + TOXIC METALS
Amines act as surfactants in increasing the solubility of toxic metal
compounds in water.
Ref. 64.
7 + 30 AMINES + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
Upon exhaustive oxidation with peroxy acids, amines can yield heat
and toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides. Treatment of amines with
peroxides and hydroperoxides can result in hydrogen abstraction and
initiation of polymerization reactions with heat generated.
Ref. 40.
114
-------
7 + 34 AMINES + EPOXIDES
Condensation and ring opening can generate heat. Such a reaction
can initiate polymerizations which, if uncontrolled, can generate much
heat.
Ref. 27.
7 + 10* AMINES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Exhaustive oxidation of amines with these oxidizing agents can result
in heat generation and evolution of toxic nitrogen oxide fumes.
Ref. 69.
7 + 105 AMINES + REDUCING AGENTS
Alkyl metal halides can undergo a Grignard reaction with primary
and secondary amines forming the corresponding alkanes. Enough
heat may be evolved to cause a fire hazard. See Note 7 + 21 for
the combination of amines and alkali and alkaline earth metals. Other
reducing agents may also react with amines in a similar manner
yielding heat and hydrogen gas.
Ref. 4, 71.
8+9 AZO COMPOUNDS + CARBAMATES
Diazo alkanes could add to the carbonyl group of the carbamate with
liberation of N2« Aryl diazonium compounds can react with the
nitrogen of the carbamate group, also yielding nitrogen. Azo com-
pounds appear to be relatively inert towards reaction with carbamates
while hydrazines may form hydrazones with the carbonyl with heat
generated. Information regarding these reactions, however, is very
scarce.
Ref. 55, 71.
8 + 11 AZO COMPOUNDS + CYANIDES
Aryl dianonium salts can react with metallic cyanides to form the
corresponding nitrile, an inorganic salt, and gaseous nitrogen. Diazo
alkanes, however, are much less subject to addition of a base like
cyanide. Azo alkanes, azo aromatic compounds, and hydrazine and
its derivatives do not appear to react with metallic cyanides.
Ref. 57, 71, 79.
8 + 12 AZO COMPOUNDS + DITHIOCARBAMATES
Little information is available in the literature reviewed. Reaction
between these two groups, may produce hazardous conditions. It is
recommended that mixing be avoided pending laboratory assessment
of safety.
115
-------
8+13 AZO COMPOUNDS + ESTERS
Aliphatic diazo compounds, especially diazomethane, are extremely
reactive as alkylating agents and may react with esters in some
manner to yield heat. The reaction, however, is not substantiated
in the literature reviewed. Aromatic diazo and azo compounds do
not appear to undergo potentially hazardous reactions with ester.
Ref. 71, 79.
8 + 17 AZO COMPOUNDS + HALOGENATED ORGANICS
Aliphatic diazo compounds can act as nucleophiles in substituting for
the halogen in aliphatic halogenated organics. Nitrogen gas is evolved
from such a reaction. Although hydrazines are relatively weak
nucleophiles, they can react with primary and some secondary halides
with some heat generated.
Ref. 43, 71.
8 + 18 AZO COMPOUNDS + ISOCYANATES J
Isocyanates are susceptible to nucleophilic attack at the carbon and
can consequently react with diazo alkanes in this manner. Gaseous
nitrogen can result. Hydrazines may also attack the carbon but with
less vigor.
Ref. 71.
8 + 19 AZO COMPOUNDS + KETONES
Although ketones are not as reactive as aldehydes with diazo alkanes,
alkylation can occur with water as a catalyst releasing nitrogen gas.
Electrophilic substitution of quinones can occur with aromatic
dizonium cations yielding nitrogen gas. Although hydrazines form
hydrazines with ketones, the reaction requires heating.
Ref. 43, 71.
8 + 20 AZO COMPOUNDS + MERCAPTANS
Aromatic diazonium salts can form thioethers with mercaptans re-
sulting in evolution of nitrogen gas. Aliphatic diazo compounds may
undergo the same reaction.
Ref. 71, 79.
8 + 21 AZO COMPOUNDS + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Molecules which react with these metals are characterized by having
centers of high elctron density which can induce a localized positive
charge in the metal. The subsequent electron transfer is highly
exothermic. The compounds in Group 8 all have centers of high
electron density in the nitrogen and in the a-carbon in the case of
diazo alkanes. The reaction of these compounds with the active
metals of Group 21 can thus be very exothermic and may produce
116
-------
8 + 21 AZO COMPOUNDS + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
(Continued) ~ ~ ~
hydrogen and/or nitrogen.
Ref. 39.
8 + 22 A2O COMPOUNDS + METAL POWDERS
Due to the high surface area of these forms of metals and the high
flamrnability of hydrazine and some of its organic derivatives, a
combination of these substances in air can result in spontaneous
ignition. Toxic nitrogen oxide fumes can be formed. Diazo alkanes
polmerize very readily in the presence of copper and other metal
powders releasing much heat.
Ref. 32, 79.
8 + 23 AZO COMPOUNDS + METAL SHEETS, RODS, DROPS, ETC.
Hydrazine and some of its organic derivatives can inflame on contact
with surfaces of metals in forms of sheets, rods, drops, etc.
Ref. 32.
8 + 25 AZO COMPOUNDS + NITRIDES
Little information is available in the literature reviewed. Reaction
between these two groups may produce hazardous conditions. It is
recommended that mixing be avoided pending laboratory assessment
of safety.
8 + 30 AZO COMPOUNDS + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
Hydrazones are explosively oxidized by organic peroxides and hydro-
peroxides yielding toxic nitrogen oxide fumes. Diazo compounds may
form more unstable peroxides with hydroperoxides. Organic peroxides
and azo compounds are both relatively sensitive to homolytic fission
by heat or light. Any situation where either factor is applied to this
mixture might result in extremely fast and exothermic free radical
reactions.
Ref. 43, 71, 79.
8 + 31 AZO COMPOUNDS + PHENOLS and CRESOLS
Aromatic and aliphatic diazo compounds react readily with phenols
and cresols forming ethers and nitrogen gas and releasing heat.
Ref. 71.
8 + 32 AZO COMPOUNDS + ORGANOPHOSPHATES
Little information is available in the literature reviewed. Reaction
between these two groups may produce hazardous conditions. It is
recommended that mixing be avoided pending laboratory assessment
of safety.
117
-------
8 + 33 AZO COMPOUNDS + SULFIDES
Addition of diazonium salts to solutions of sodium sufides, bisulfides,
and polysulfides results in explosions even at 8 C.
8 + 34 AZO COMPOUNDS + EXPOXIDES
Since epoxides are very susceptible to ring cleavage and polymerization
by acidic or basic reagents, such reactions are possible with diazonium
compounds and hydrazines. In the case of the diazonium compounds,
attack of the aryl cation could occur on the oxygen with evolution
of nitrogen gas and heat. Hydrazines can act as bases in attacking
one of the ring carbons releasing heat. Being strong nudeophiles,
diazo alkanes may also cleave the ring at a carbon with generation
of heat and nitrogen gas.
Ref. 71, 79.
8 + 102 AZO COMPOUNDS + EXPLOSIVES
Aliphatic and aromatic diazo compounds and hydrazines are extremely
reactive and can undergo numerous interactions with explosives. Any
heat or shock generated can detonate the mixture.
Ref. 69.
8 + 103 AZO COMPOUNDS + POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS
The diazonium ion can act as a Lewis acid in catalyzing various
cationic polymerizations. Diazo alkanes are very strong nudeophiles
and may add to double bond systems to initiate polymerization. All
of the monomers listed in Group 103 may be susceptible to poly-
merization in combination with diazo alkanes. Hydrazines may be
basic enough to catalyze anionic polymerization in combination with
diazo alkanes. Hydrazines may be basic enough to catalyze anionic
polymerization.
Ref. 51, 54, 76.
8 + 104 AZO COMPOUNDS + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Exhaustive oxidation of azo, diazo, and hydrazines with these strong
oxidizing agents can result in extreme heat generation and evolution
of toxic nitrogen oxide fumes. Hydrazines can react with explosive
violence.
Ref. 69.
8 + 105 AZO COMPOUNDS + REDUCING AGENTS
Various reactions producing much heat and evolving nitrogen gas can
result from a combination of diazonium compounds and these strong
reducing agents. Diazo alkanes are so reactive that they may produce
any number of products upon reaction with these compounds. Extreme
heat evolution is very probable.
Ref. 71.
118
-------
8 + 106 AZO COMPOUNDS + WATER and MISCELLANEOUS AQUEOUS
MIXTURES " ~~
Both diazo alkanes and diazo aromatic liberate nitrogen gas upon
reaction with water.
Ref. 71.
8 + 107 AZO COMPOUNDS + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
9+10 CARBAMATES + CAUSTICS
Alkaline hydrolysis of carbamates generally yield heat, amines,^ and
carbon dioxide by spontaneous decomposition of N-alkyl or N-aryl
carbamic acid.
Ref. 49.
9 + 21 CARBAMATES + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
These metals are very susceptible to reaction with compounds con-
taining centers of high electron density. A redox reaction can occur
by an induced positive charge on the metal. The electron transfer
is very energetic and may result in fire from formation of hydrogen
gas.
Ref. 39.
9 + 22 CARBAMATES + METAL POWDERS, VAPORS, OR SPONGES
Little information is available in the literature reviewed. Reaction
between these two groups may produce hazardous conditions. It is
recommended that mixing be avoided pending laboratory assessment
of safety.
9 + 25 CARBAMATES + NITRIDES
Since nitrides are extremely strong bases, they can easily extract the
N-protons from carbamates forming flammable ammonia gas and
initiating decomposition to various nitrogen containing products.
Ref. 22.
9 + 30 CARBAMATES + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
Selective oxidation may occur at double bonded nitrogen sites with
some heat generated. Exhausive oxidation, however, can liberate
toxic nitrogen oxide fumes with much heat. Initial reaction may
cause decomposition of the more unstable peroxides.
Ref. 69.
9 + 10* CARBAMATES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Exhaustive oxidation of carbamates can result in extreme heat gener-
119
-------
9+104 CARBAMATES + OXIDIZING AGENTS (Continued)
ation and formation of toxic nitrogen oxide fumes.
Ref. 69.
10 + 13 CAUSTICS + ESTERS
Esters are easily hydrolyzed by caustics to a salt and alcohol with
heat generation.
Ref. 55.
10 + 17 CAUSTICS + HALOGENATED ORGANICS
Aliphatic halides can undergo substitution or dehydrohalogenation upon
treatment with strong caustics. Both processes involve some heat
generation while the second evolves flammable olefins and acetylenes,
especially with the lower molecular weight compounds. Halogenated
aromatics, however, are relatively stable to strong caustics.
Ref. 10, 55.
10 + 18 CAUSTICS + ISOCYANATES
Caustics catalyze the polymerization of diisocyanates yielding much
heat. The mono isocyanates decompose to amines and carbon dioxide
upon contact with caustics.
Ref. 71, 79.
10 + 19 CAUSTICS + KETONES
Caustics can catalyze the self-condensation of ketones yielding heat.
Ref. 55.
10 + 21 CAUSTICS + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Heat and flammable hydrogen gas can be generated due to the aqueous
nature of most caustics.
Ref. 32, 54.
10 + 22 CAUSTICS + METAL POWDERS, VAPORS, and SPONGES
Heat and flammable hydrogen gas may be generated with some metals
such as aluminum, magnesium, zinc, and beryllium. Explosions may
also occur due to the high surface area of these forms.
Ref. 7, 22.
10 + 23 CAUSTICS + METAL SHEETS, RODS. DROPS, ETC.
Heat and flammable hydrogen gas are liberated upon dissolution of
these metals in caustics. The reaction, however, is much slower than
those in Note 10+22 above.
Ref. 22.
120
-------
10 + 24 CAUSTICS + TOXIC METALS
Many toxic metals and metal compounds are soluble in caustics, i.e.,
PbCO , PbCrO Cd(CN) , As O AsF,, AgCrO., ZuCO,, Zn(CN)-.
Ref. 23. i i $ •> n 3 2
10 + 25 CAUSTICS + NITRIDES
Little information is available in the literature reviewed. Reaction
between these two groups may produce hazardous conditions. It is
recommended that mixing be avoided pending laboratory assessment
of safety.
10 + 26 CAUSTICS + NITRILES
Little information is available in the literature reviewed. Reaction
between these two groups may produce hazardous conditions. It is
recommended that mixing be avoided pending laboratory assessment
of safety.
10 + 27 CAUSTICS + NITRO COMPOUNDS
Nitro alkanes and caustics form salts in the presence of water. The
dry salts are explosive.
Ref. 32.
10 + 32 CAUSTICS + ORGANOPHOSPHATES
Alaline hydrolysis of phosphorothioates can generate enough heat to
cause explosive rearrangement from the thiono to the thiolo form.
Hydrolysis of other organophosphates can generate heat.
Ref. 50.
10 + 3* CAUSTICS + EPOXIDES
Base catalyzed cleavage can result in polymerization with much heat.
Ref. 55.
10 + 102 CAUSTICS + EXPLOSIVES
Alkaline hydrolysis or other reactions can generate enough heat to
detonate these compounds.
Ref. 69.
10 + 103 CAUSTICS + POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS
These compounds can undergo anionic polymerization with caustics
as initiators yielding much heat.
Ref. 51, 76.
121
-------
10 + 107 CAUSTICS + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
11 + 17 CYANIDES + HALOGENATED ORGANICS
Nucleophilic substitution can result in some heat with formation of
nitriles.
Ref. 55.
11+18 CYANIDES + 1SOCYANATES
Cyanide solution can cause decomposition of isocyanates yielding heat
and carbon dioxide. This decomposition is due to the water as well
as the basic character of the cyanide anion.
Ref. 71.
11 + 19 CYANIDES + KETONES
Some heat may be evolved from the formation of cyanohydrins with
alkaline cyanide solution.
Ref. 71.
11 + 21 CYANIDES + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Hydrogen cyanide can react with these metals to yield heat and
flammable hydrogen gas.
Ref. 22.
11 + 25 CYANIDES + NITRIDE
Hydrogen cyanides and nitrides may react to form flammable ammonia
gas.
Ref. 22.
11 + 30 CYANIDES + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
Metal cyanides and hydrogen cyanide are readily oxidized and may
react explosively with these organic peroxides, and hydroperoxides.
Toxic nitrogen oxide fumes can result.
Ref. 7, 76.
11+34 CYANIDES + EPOXIDES
Due to its basicity in aqueous solution, ring cleavage can occur with
heat generation and possible polymerization of the epoxides.
Ref. 55.
11 + 10* CYANIDES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Metal cyanides and hydrogen cyanides are readily oxidized. Toxic
nitrogen oxide fumes may be produced.
122
-------
11 + 104 CYANIDES + OXIDIZING AGENTS (Continued)
Ref. 7, 71.
11 + 107 CYANIDES + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
12 + 18 DITHIOC ARBAM ATES + ISOCYANATES
A reaction involving the disulfide group and the isocyanate group may
be possible. However, there is little evidence in the literature
reviewed to substantiate this reaction.
12 + 21 DITHIOC ARBAM ATES + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Due to the high electron density about the disulfide group, a reaction
may occur between these two groups of compounds yielding heat and
toxic fumes. However, substantiation is scarce in the literature
reviewed.
Ref. 39.
12 + 30 DITHIOCARBAMATES + PEROXIDES
Oxidation can result in heat generation and formation of toxic oxides
of nitrogen and sulfur.
Ref. 69.
12 + 3* DITHIOCARBAMATES + POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS
Little information ia available in the literature reviewed. Reaction
between these two groups may produce hazardous conditions. It is
recommended that mixing be avoided pending laboratory assessment
of safety.
12 + 104 DITHIOCARBAMATES + STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS
Oxidation can result in heat generation and formation of toxic nitrogen
oxides and sulfur oxides.
Ref. 69.
12 + 105 DITHIOCARBAMATES + STRONG REDUCING AGENTS
Reductive cleavage of the carbon sulfur bonds may occur yielding
extremely toxic hydrogen sulfide fumes. However, the reaction cannot
be substantiated with the reference used.
Ref. 69.
12 + 106 DITHIOCARBAMATES + WATER
Extremely flammable and toxic carbon disulfide may be generated.
Ref. 50.
123
-------
12 + 107 DITHIOCARBAMATES + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
13 + 21 ESTERS + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
The a-hydrogens can be easily scavenged by these metals yielding
hydrogen gas and heat.
Ref. 39
13 + 25 ESTERS + NITRIDES
Nitrides can attack the a-hydrogens forming flammable ammonia gas
and generating heat. The transition metal nitrides, however, are
chemically very inert.
Ref. 22.
13 + 102 ESTERS + EXPLOSIVES
Esters may form highly oxygenated compounds with some of these
explosives (metal nitrates) to form even more unstable compounds.
They may react exothermically with others to cause explosive de-
composition and yield extremely toxic fumes.
Ref. 7, 69.
13 + 104 ESTERS + STRONG OXIDIZERS
Vigorous oxidation of the hydrocarbon moiety can occur yielding much
heat.
Ref. 69.
13 + 105 ESTERS + STRONG REDUCING AGENTS
See 13 + 21.
If + 104 ETHERS + STRONG OXIDIZERS
These compounds can react violently upon contact yielding much heat
and causing ignition and explosions.
Ref. 32.
14 + 107 ETHERS + WATER REACTIVES
See 1 + 107.
15 + 107 FLUORIDES + WATER REACTIVES
See 1 + 107.
124
-------
16 + 10* AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS + STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS
Violent reactions can occur between these types of compounds re-
sulting in heat and fire.
Ref. 69.
17 + 20 HALOGENATED ORGANICS + MERCAPTANS
Alkyl halides and mercaptans can react to form thioethers with some
heat generation.
Ref. 43.
17 + 21 HALOGENATED ORGANICS + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH
METALS
Halogenated organics, especially alkyl halides form explosive mixtures
with alkali and alkaline earth metals.
Ref. 32.
17 + 22 HALOGENATED ORGANICS + METAL POWDERS. VAPORS, OR
SPONGES
Metals in these forms are highly reactive and can result in violent
reactions on contact with halogenated hydrocarbons. Explosions can
occur with aluminum, magnesium, zinc, zirconium and their alloys in
combination with alkyl halides.
Ref. 7.
17 + 23 HALOGENATED ORGANICS + METAL SHEETS, RODS, DROPS, ETC.
Aluminum and magnesium in bulk forms are expecially reactive with
halogenated hydrocarbons releasing much heat. The formation of the
metal halide catalyzes further decomposition of the metals. Fire
and explosions may occur.
Ref. 7.
17 + 25 HALOGENATED ORGANICS + NITRIDES
Substitution can occur yielding heat. However, generation of ammonia
gas will be more likely.
Ref. 22, 43.
17 + 30 HALOGENATED ORGANICS + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
Peroxides and hydroperoxides generate radicals which can initiate
chain decomposition of alkyl halides. Such a reaction can be ex-
plosively violent with the more reactive peroxides.
Ref. 40.
17 + 104 HALOGENATED ORGANICS + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Halogenated organics can be easily oxidized by these compounds
125
-------
17 + 10* HALOGENATED ORGANICS + OXIDIZING AGENTS (Continued)
yielding heat and toxic and corrosive hydrogen halide fumes.
Ref. 69.
17 + 105 HALOGENATED ORGANICS + REDUCING AGENTS
Boranes are known to form explosive mixtures with alkyl haiides. See
also Note 17 + 21.
Ref. 32.
17 -i- 107 HALOGENATED ORGANICS + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
18 + 20 ISOCYANATES + MERCAPTANS
Mercaptans may add to isocyanates yielding some heat. Diisocyanates
and dimercaptans may polymerize with much heat generated.
Ref. 35, 71.
18 + 21 ISOCYANATES + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
These metals can abstract the a-hydrogens from aliphatic isocyanates
to yield hydrogen gas. The isocyanate group may also induce sufficient
charge separation in the metals to cause exothermic transfer of
electrons.
Ref. 39.
18 + 22 ISOCYANATES + METAL POWDERS, VAPORS and SPONGES
The most highly reactive of these metals such as aluminum, mag-
nesium, zinc, zirconium, and their alloys can abstract the labile
a-hydrogens from the alkyl isocyanates to yield hydrogen gas. Decom-
position of the isocyanate group is also possible.
Ref. 7.
18 + 25 ISOCYANATES + NITRIDES
Little information is available in the literature reviewed. Reaction
of these two groups may produce hazardous conditions. It is recom-
mended that mixing be avoided pending laboratory assessment of
safety.
18 + 30 ISOCYANATES + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
Isocyanates may form peroxy carbamates with hydroperoxides which
in turn can decompose yielding carbon dioxide and free radicals upon
slight heating. Peroxides may form carbamates with slight heating.
Peroxides may form carbamates with isocyanates yielding some heat.
In both cases, the radicals have to be generated pyrolytically or by
metal catalysts for these reactions to occur. Contaminants and heat
126
-------
18 + 30 ISOCYANATES + ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Continued)
of solution may be sufficient to generate radicals in wastes.
Ref. 40.
18 + 31 ISOCYANATES + PHENOLS AND CRESOLS
Isocyanates and phenols can combine to form carbamic esters yielding
some heat. With multifunctional isocyanates and phenols, polymeri-
zation can result yielding much heat. This reaction is especially
catalyzed by metal compounds.
Ref. 71.
18 + 33 ISOCYANATES + SULFIDES
If sulfide salts are soluble in isoyanates. Attack may occur at the
carbonyl forming a thiocarbamage and yielding heat. If the sulfides
are in aqueous solution, the isocyanates will react preferentially with
the water and decompose yielding carbon dioxide.
Ref. 71.
18 + 104 ISOCYANATES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Exhaustive oxidation of isocyanates can yield heat, fire, and toxic
fumes of nitrogen oxides.
Ref. 69.
18 + 105 ISOCYANATES + STRONG REDUCING AGENTS
See Notes 18 + 21, and 18 + 33. Other reducing agents may react
in a similar manner.
18 + 106 ISOCYANATES + WATER
Isocyanates form carbamic acids with water which decompose im-
mediately to carbon dioxides yielding some heat.
Ref. 71.
18 + 107 ISOCYANATES + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
19 + 20 KETONES + MERCAPTANS
Ketones and mercaptans can form gem-hydroxy thioethers yielding
some' heat.
Ref. 66.
19 + 21 KETONES + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
These metals can readily abstract the labile a-hydrogens forming
127
-------
19 + 21 KETONES + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS (Continued)
flammable hydrogen gas and heat.
Ref. 39.
19 + 25 KETONES + NITRIDES
Nitrides which are somewhat soluble in ketones, may generate flam-
mable ammonia gas upon reaction with the labile a-hydrogens of the
ketones. Various other reactions can also generate heat.
Ref. 22.
19 + 30 KETONES + PEROXIDES and HYDROPEROXIDES
Peroxides and ketones may form diperoxides which can decompose
with slight increase in temperature or in the presence of water.
Hydroperoxides are also formed by this interaction. Hydroperoxides
form hydroxyperoxides and diperoxides with ketones. Many of the
reaction products as well as the peroxy reactants are extremely
sensitive to heat and shock.
Ref. 40.
19 + 104 KETONES + STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS
Exhaustive oxidation can generate much heat and ignite the mixture.
Ref. 69.
19 + 105 KETONES + STRONG REDUCING AGENTS
See Note 19 + 21. Other reducing agents may also react with ketones
in the same manner.
19 + 107 KETONES + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
20 + 21 MERCAPTANS + ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS
These active metals can easily abstract the sulfhydryl hydrogen to
form flammable hydrogen gas and the mercaptide with heat.
Ref. 51.
20 + 22 MERCAPTANS + METAL POWDERS, VAPORS OR SPONGES
Metals in these forms can react with mercaptans to form flammable
hydrogen gas, and mercaptides with heat. Aluminum, beryllium,
magnesium, zinc, and zirconium are especially reactive in this manner.
The reaction can be explosive.
Ref. 7, 57.
128
-------
20 + 25 MERCAPTANS + NITRIDES
Nitrides which are soluble in mercaptans, may form ammonia gas
with heat generation.
Ref. 22, 66.
20 + 30 MERCAPTANS + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
The sulfhydryl hydrogen can be easily abstracted by radicals produced
from the decomposition of peroxides and hydroperoxides. The resulting
chain reaction can be highly exothermic. The lower molecular weight
peroxy compounds are extremely unstable and explosions can occur.
Ref. 49, 57.
20 + 34 MERCAPTANS + EPOXIDES
Mercaptans may cleave epoxides with heat generation. Difunctional
mercaptans may polymerize with epoxides in this manner yielding
much heat.
Ref. 55.
20 + 104 MERCAPTANS + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Exhaustive oxidation can result in much heat generation and formation
of toxic sulfur oxide fumes.
Ref. 69.
20 + 105 MERCAPTANS + REDUCING AGENTS
See Note 20 + 21. Other strong reducing agents may react in the
same manner generating hydrogen.
20 + 107 MERCAPTANS + WATER RE ACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
21 + 25 ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS + NITRIDES
Many nitrides are explosively unstable and may react violently with
these extremely reactive metals.
Ref. 7.
21 + 26 ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS + NITRILES
These metals can abstract the labile ot-hydrogen to yield flammable
hydrogen gas and heat. Polymerization may be initiated in this
manner yielding much heat.
Ref. 39.
21 + 27 ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS + NITRO COMPOUNDS
Aliphatic nitro compounds have labile a-hydrogens which can easily
129
-------
21 + 27 ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS + NITRO COMPOUNDS
(Continued)
be extracted by these active metals. The resulting alkali or alkaline
earth metal salts are highly unstable to heat and shock and may be
detonated by the heat of reaction. The redox reaction between
aromatic nitro compounds and these metals can be highly exothermic.
Ref. 71.
21 + 30 ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
The redox reaction can be explosively exothermic.
Ref. 32, 69
21 + 31 ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS + PHENOLS and CRESOLS
Flammable hydrogen gas can be liberated by abstraction of the
phenolic hydrogen. The heat of reaction may ignite the gas.
Ref. 55.
21 + 32 ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS + ORGANOPHOSPHATES
The high electron density of the organophosphate group can initiate
a reaction with these active metals resulting in exothermic transfer
of electrons from the metals. In the case of phosphorothioates and
phosphorodithioates, this heat of reaction may be sufficient to cause
explosive rearrangement from the thiono to the thiolo form. Parathion
and methy parathion are expecially sensitive to heat.
Ref. 39, 50.
21 + 101 ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS + COMBUSTIBLE
MATERIALS
Many of these miscellaneous materials may contain various substances
such as water which are extremely reactive with the active metals.
Heat and various hazardous gases may be evolved. Enough heat may
be evolved to ignite the materials if air or some other source of
oxygen is present.
21 + 102 ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS + EXPLOSIVES
Many explosives are highly oxygenated and will react on contact with
these active metals with explosive violence. These active metals
can also react exothermically with the other unstable compounds to
cause detonation.
21 + 103 ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS + POLYMERS
Radicals from these metals readily attack unsaturated carbons and
can initiate polymerization of many of the compounds in Group 103.
Much heat can be evolved.
Ref. 68.
130
-------
21 + 10* ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Alkali and alkaline earth metals are extremely effective reducing
agents. They will react violently with oxidizing agents evolving much
heat, and resulting in fires and explosions.
Ref. 69.
21 + 106 ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS + WATER
These metals react violently with water evolving flammable hydrogen
gas and resulting in formation of strong caustics. Enough heat can
be generated to cause ignition.
Ref. 69.
21 + 107 ALKALI and ALKALINE EARTH METALS + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
22 + 28 METAL POWDERS + UNSATURATED ALIPHAT1CS
Finely divided metals, especially copper and silver, can form acetylides
with acetylenes. These acetylides are very sensitive to shock and
heat and can regenerate flammable acetylene upon contact with water.
Ref. 69.
22 + 30 METAL POWDERS + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
Diacyl peroxides and ozonides are particularly reactive with metals
in these forms. They can decompose violently yielding heat and
various gases. The peroxy acids are expecially strong oxidizing agents
and can produce much heat upon reaction with these metals. Other
peroxy compounds may decompose violently upon contact yielding
oxygen.
Ref. 40, 54.
22 + 34 METAL POWDERS + EPOXIDES
The metal oxide coating of these finely divided particles can catalyze
ring opening and polymerization with much heat evolved.
Ref. 68.
22 + 102 METAL POWDERS + EXPLOSIVES
Many of these unstable compounds are extremely vigorous oxidizing
agents and can react explosively with these metals.
Ref. 69.
22 + 103 METAL POWDERS + POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS
The oxide coatings of these metals can catalyze the polymerization
of the monomers in Group 102. See also Note 22 + 30. Much heat
can be evolved.
131
-------
22 + 103 METAL POWDERS + POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS (Continued)
Ref. 68.
22 + 104 METAL POWDERS + OXIDIZING AGENTS
These metals are readily oxidized by the substances in Group 104
yielding much heat. Fires and explosions can also result.
Ref. 69.
22 + 106 METAL POWDERS + WATER
Some of these metals evolve flammable hydrogen gas with some heat
on contact with water. In enclosed areas, explosions can occur.
Ref. 76.
22 -i- 107 METAL POWDERS + WATER REACT1VES
See Note 1 + 107.
23 + 103 METAL SHEETS, ETC + POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS
Polymerization may be catalyzed by these metal surfaces yielding
much heat. Although not as reactive as Group 22, chunks or containers
made of these metals may be reactive enough to initiate poly-
merization.
Ref. 32.
23 + 104 METAL SHEETS, ETC + OXIDIZING AGENTS
These metals can react vigorously with oxidizing agents generating
heat and possibly resulting in fires.
Ref. 32.
23 + 107 METAL SHEETS, ETC + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
24 + 26 TOXIC METALS + NITRILES
Acetonitrile and ethylene cyanohydrin are used as nonaqueous solvents
for many inorganic salts.
Ref. 54.
24 + 30 TOXIC METALS + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
Many metal salts can catalyze the decomposition of organic peroxides
and hydroperoxides yielding heat and various gases such as oxygen
and carbon dioxide. Diacyl peroxides are especially susceptible to
explosive decomposition in the presence of heavy metals and metal
salts. Hydroperoxides are more stable than diacyl peroxides but do
132
-------
2* + 30 TOXIC METALS + ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Continued)
undergo similar reactions with these metals.
Ref. 40, 68.
24 + 34 TOXIC METALS + EPOXIDES
Polymerization of epoxides, expecially ethylene oxide and propylene
oxide, can be initiated by Lewis acids such as SnCL, ZnCl-, SbCl,,
ZrCl^, CrCl-, Cod- and HgGL. Organometallic zinc compounds can
also initiate much neat.
Ref. 68.
24 + 102 TOXIC METALS + EXPLOSIVES
These various metal salts may react exothermically with explosives
to cause detonation. Much of this reactivity is associated with the
anion rather that the metal cation.
24 -(- 103 TOXIC METALS + POLYMERS
See Note 24 + 34. Vinyl monomers and dienes are susceptible to
cationic polymerization by Lewis acid catalysts such as SnCl.,, SnBr.,
SbCl-, and ZnCK. Although a co-catalyst such as H-O, or HC1 is
required, only trice amounts need be present.
Ref. 51, 68.
24 + 106 TOXIC METALS + WATER
Some of these compounds are very soluble in water. See the specific
compounds for solubilities.
Ref. 23.
24 + 107 TOXIC METALS + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
25 + 26 NITRIDES + NITRILES
If the ionic nitrides are soluble in aliphatic nitriles, they can extract
the a-hydrogens from the nitriles to form flammable ammonia gas.
Some heat can be evolved.
Ref. 22, 71.
25 + 27 NITRIDES + NITRO COMPOUNDS
If soluble, nitrides can extract a hydrogen from aliphatic nitro com-
pounds to yield flammabe ammonia gas and heat. Many polynitrated
aromatics and ionic nitrides are unstable to heat and shock. However,
the nitrides are much more unstable and may initiate the explosive
decomposition of such nitro compounds.
Ref. 32, 71.
133
-------
25 + 30 NITRIDES + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
On combination with hydroperoxides, nitrides can abstract the peroxy
hydrogen and initiate the decomposition with generation of ammonia.
The anion formed can further decompose upon reaction with more
hydroperoxides to yield oxygen gas. This decomposition can proceed
with fire and explosions. Some hydroperoxides may form relatively
stable salts, however, these salts can decompose violently upon
heating. Ammonia gas can also be formed with peroxides due to
abstraction of hydrogen on the peroxy carbon. The peroxide then
undergoes homolytic fission with some heat evolved. Nitrides and
the lower molecular weight peroxides are both extremely unstable.
Ref. 40
25 + 31 NITRIDES + PHENOLS and CRESOLS
Flammable ammonia gas can be formed from the acid-base reaction
of the aromatic hydroxy group and ionic nitrides also yielding heat.
Ref. 22.
25 + 34 NITRIDES + EPOXIDES
Base catalyzed ring opening initiating polymerization of epoxides can
occur with nitrides. Much heat can be evolved.
Ref. 55.
25 + 101 NITRIDES + COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
Many of these miscellaneous mixtures may also contain water which
will form ammonia gas with nitrides. Moreover, since nitrides are
also pyrophoric, any air present can initiate combustion.
Ref. 22, 32.
25 + 102 NITRIDES + EXPLOSIVES
Ionic nitrides are pyrophoric and extremely sensitive to shock and
heat. They can act as initiating explosives for many of the high
explosives listed in Group 102.
25 + 103 NITRIDES + POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS
Ionic nitrides may initiate anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers
and dienes yielding much heat. See also Note 25 + 34.
25 + 104 NITRIDES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Ionic nitrides are pyrophoric and can inflame or explode on contact
with strong oxidizing agents.
Ref. 32, 69.
134
-------
25 + 106 NITRIDES + WATER
Ionic nitrides are easily hydrolyzed to caustic and flammable ammonia
gas.
Ref. 22.
25 + 107 NITRIDES + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
26 + 30 NITRILES + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
Amyl nitriles such as phenyl acetonitrile are converted to peroxyesters
and hydrogen cyanide gas upon treatment with hydroperoxides. The
polymerization of acrylonitriles can be initiated by organic peroxides.
Dibenzoyl peroxide is widely used for this purpose. Upon exhaustive
oxidation with peroxy acids, much heat and toxic nitrogen oxide fumes
can be evolved.
Ref. 40, 68, 69.
26 + 104 NITRILES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Exhaustive oxidation can result in evolution of heat and toxic fumes
of nitrogen oxides, and ignition.
Ref. 32, 69.
26 + 105 NITRILES + REDUCING AGENTS
Nitriles are readily reduced by metal hydrides, especially LiAlH.
yielding much heat. Hydrogen gas can also be evolved from the
abstraction of the labile a-hydrogens.
Ref. 18.
26 + 107 NITRILES + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
27 + 104 NITRO COMPOUNDS + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Many nitro compounds can decompose explosively. Strong oxidizing
agents can catalyze this decomposition by oxidizing the hydrocarbon
moeity. Shock sensitive salts can also form, which when dry, can
decompose explosively.
Ref. 32, 69.
27 + 105 NITRO COMPOUNDS + REDUCING AGENTS
The labile a-hydrogens of nitro aliphatics can be extracted and evolved
as flammable hydrogen gas with some heat.
Ref. 39, 71.
135
-------
27 + 107 NITRO COMPOUNDS + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
28 + 30 UNSATURATED ALIPHATICS + ORGANIC PEROXIDES
Olefinic hydrocarbons are susceptible to oxidation by peroxy acids to
epoxides and glycol ester. The reaction may evolve some heat. Alkyl
and aryl peroxides attack olefins by a free radical mechanism some-
times resulting in highly exothermic polymerizations. Aroyl peroxides
also participate in a free radical reaction with olefins, but attack
can occur at the allylic methylene or the double bond. In either
case, polymeric hydrocarbons result. Acetylenic hydrocarbons undergo
similar reactions, but rates are much slower.
Ref. 40.
28 + 104 UNSATURATED ALIPHATICS + STRONG OXIDIZER
Exhaustive oxidation can result in ignition of the hydrocarbons.
Ref. 69.
28 + 107 UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS + WATER REACTIVE
See Note 1 + 107.
29 + 104 SATURATED ALIPHATICS + OXIDIZING AGENTS
These hydrocarbons can be easily oxidized to yield heat and may
ignite.
Ref. 69.
29 + 107 SATURATED ALIPHATICS + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
30 + 31 ORGANIC PEROXIDES + PHENOLS AND CRESOLS
Some heat may be evolved from the oxidation of phenols and cresols
to quinones and from free radical substitution on the aromatic ring.
These oxidations are greatly enhanced by the presence of metal ions.
Ref. 40, 65.
30 + 32 ORGANIC PEROXIDES + ORGANOPHOSPHATES
Little information is available in the literature reviewed. Reaction
between these two groups may produce hazardous conditions. It is
recommended that mixing be avoided pending laboratory assessment
of safety.
30 + 33 ORGANIC PEROXIDES + SULFIDES
Inorganic sulfides may be oxidized to toxic sulfur dioxide by these
136
-------
30 + 33 ORGANIC PEROXIDES + SULFIDES (Continued)
organic peroxides. The metal ions may also catalyze the decomposition
of the more unstable peroxides and hydroperoxides yielding gas and
heat.
Ref. 40, 69.
30 + 34 ORGANIC PEROXIDES + EXPOXIDES
Hydroperoxides are known to cleave epoxide rings by nucleophilic
attack of the peroxy anion. Some heat may be evolved, but there
is no evidence of polymerization. Polymerization can occur with a
combination of peroxides and allylic epoxides by a free readical
mechanism.
Ref. 40, 68.
30 + 101 ORGANIC PEROXIDES + COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
Many of these materials are susceptible to oxidation by organic
peroxides and can evolve toxic gases. Heat and fire can also result.
Ref. 69.
30 + 102 ORGANIC PEROXIDES + EXPLOSIVES
If these explosives are not detonated upon contact with organic
peroxides, the mixture can be extremely unstable and sensitive to
any shock or slight heating.
Ref. 69.
30 + 103 ORGANIC PEROXIDES + POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS
Olefinic bonds are particularly susceptible to attack by free radicals
generated from organic peroxides and hydroperoxides. The poly-
merization of vinyl, acrylic, and olefinic monomers listed in Group
103 can be initiated by these radicals with heat generated.
Ref. 68.
30 + 104 ORGANIC PEROXIDES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Strong oxidizing agents can cause violent decomposition of organic
peroxides and hydroperoxides yielding heat and oxygen or carbon
dioxide. The decomposition can be catalyzed by the metallic character
as well as the oxidizing properties of these compounds.
Ref. 40, 69.
30 + 105 ORGANIC PEROXIDES + REDUCING AGENTS
These compounds can react explosively.
Ref. 69.
137
-------
30 + 107 ORGANIC PEROXIDES + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
31 + 34 PHENOLS and CRESOLS + EPOXIDES
Epoxides may be cleaved by phenols and cresols in the presence of
traces of acid or base. Some heat can be evolved. Polymerization
is possible.
Ref. 55.
31 + 103 PHENOLS and CRESOLS + POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS
See Note 18 + 31 and Also Note 31 +34.
31 + 104 PHENOLS and CRESOLS + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Mild oxidation can yield ketones, carboxylic acids, and carbon dioxide
with some heat. Exhaustive oxidation can yield much more heat and
possibly fire.
Ref. 69, 75.
31 + 105 PHENOLS and CRESOLS + REDUCING AGENTS
See Note 21 + 31. The phenolic hydrogen is readily extracted by
reducing agents, especially hydrides to yield flammable hydrogen gas
and heat.
Ref. 78.
31 + 107 PHENOLS and CRESOLS + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
32 + 34 ORGANOPHOSPHATES + EPOXIDES
Little information is available in the literature reviewed. Reaction
between these two groups may produce hazardous conditions. It is
recommended that mixing be avoided pending laboratory assessment
of safety.
32 + 104 ORGANOPHOSPHATES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Exhaustive oxidation of these organophosphorous compounds can yield
toxic and corrosive fumes of oxides of phosphorous, sulfur, and nitrogen
with heat.
Ref. 28, 69.
32 + 105 ORGANOPHOSPHATES + REDUCING AGENTS
The phosphothioates and phosphodithioates can evolve toxic and flam-
mable hydrogen sulfide upon reduction. See Note 21 + 32.
Ref. 28.
138
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32 + 107 ORGANOPHOSPHATES + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
33 + 31 SULFIDES + EPOXIDES
Soluble sulfides can cleave epoxides by a nucleophilic attack, possibly
initiating polymerization and yielding much heat.
Ref. 54, 55.
33 + 102 SULFIDES + EXPLOSIVES
Sulfides are strong reducing agents and can react explosively with
the highly oxygenated compounds in Group 102.
Ref. 69.
33 + 103 SULFIDES + POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS
Soluble sulfides may initiate anionic polymerization with some heat
generated. See Note 33 + 34.
Ref.
33 + 104 SULFIDES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Sulfides are strong reducing agents and can react violently with
oxidizing agents yielding toxic fumes of sulfur dioxide and heat.
Ref. 69.
33 + 106 SULFIDES + WATER
Toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide gas can be generated.
Ref. 69.
33 + 107 SULFIDES + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
34 + 102 EPOXIDES + EXPLOSIVES
The lower molecular weight epoxides are extremely flammable and
can react explosively with the highly oxygenated members of Group
102.
Ref. 69.
34 + 104 EPOXIDES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Exhaustive oxidation can result in heat and ignition of the flammable
epoxides.
Ref. 69.
139
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34 + 105 EPOXIDES + REDUCING AGENTS
Reductive cleavage of epoxides occurs readily with metal hydrides
and other agents yielding much heat. See Note 21 + 34.
Ref. 45.
34 + 107 EPOXIDES + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
101 + 102 COMBUSTIBLES + EXPLOSIVES
Many of these explosives are very strong oxidizing agents and can
react violently with these combustibles. If they do not react im-
mediately, these mixtures may be unstable.
Ref. 69, 70.
101 + 104 COMBUSTIBLES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Heat, fire, and possibly explosions can result from this combination.
Toxic gases can result if the combustible material contains compounds
of nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorous.
Ref. 69.
101 + 105 COMBUSTIBLES + REDUCING AGENTS
These miscellaneous combustibles may contact water which can react
with many reducing agents to form flammable hydrogen gas. The
reducing agents are also pyrophoric and can ignite the combustibles
in the presence of air.
Ref. 69.
101 -i- 107 COMBUSTIBLES + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
102 + 103 EXPLOSIVES + POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS
Many explosives are strong oxidizing agents and can react explosively
with these organic compounds. Many of these monomers such as
ethylene oxide, vinyl chloride, butadiene, and others are extremely
flammable. '
Ref. 32.
102 + 104 EXPLOSIVES + OXIDIZING AGENTS
Extremely sensitive mixtures can result from this combination. The
presence of another oxidizing agent can catalyze the decomposition
of many of the highly oxygenated explosives. Others such as the
nitrides, azides, and carbides are easily oxidized and can react
explosively.
Ref. 32, 69.
140
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102 + 105 EXPLOSIVES + REDUCING AGENTS
Since many explosives are strong oxidizing agents, their reaction with
reducing agents can be extremely violent.
Ref. 32, 69.
102 + 107 EXPLOSIVES + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
103 + 104 POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS + OXIDIZING AGENTS
These monomers are readily combustible organic compounds and can
react violently with strong oxidizing agents to yield heat and fire.
The halogenated monomers or those containing nitrogen can evolve
toxic fumes.
Ref. 32, 69.
103 + 105 POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS + REDUCING AGENTS
Many reducing agents are also widely used as initiators for anionic
polymerization. The reaction can yield much heat. Competing
reactions may also produce flammable hydrogen gas.
Ref. 51, 69.
103 + 107 POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUNDS + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
+ 105 OXIDIZING AGENTS + REDUCING AGENTS
These compounds can react with explosive violence upon contact.
Ref. 69.
+ 107 OXIDIZING AGENTS + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
105 + 106 REDUCING AGENTS + WATER
These strong reducing agents can liberate extremely flammable and/or
toxic gases such as phosphine, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, hydrogen,
and acetylene upon contact with water. The heat generated can
ignite these gases.
Ref. 32, 54, 69.
105 + 107 REDUCING AGENTS + WATER REACTIVES
See Note 1 + 107.
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106 + 107 WATER + WATER RE ACTIVES
This combination can result in violent reactions evolving flammable
and/or toxic gases with heat. Often fires and explosions result.
Ref. 32, 54, 69.
142
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APPENDIX 5. CASE HISTORIES OF ACCIDENTS CAUSED BY MIXING INCOM-
PATIBLE WASTES
The format of the whole handbook was developed around the information obtained
from the following documented case histories of accidents that resulted from the
mixing of incompatible hazardous wastes. The list is not extensive, but the following
case histories definitely indicate that insufficient or inaccurate information about the
wastes and indiscriminate handling and disposal of the wastes are the primary causes
of accidents resulting from the mixing of incompatible hazardous wastes.
The case histories are not arranged in any particular order. The adverse reaction
consequences from the mixing of the wastes are given as the titles followed by the
references where they were reported. For more detailed discussions of the case
histories, the user is referred to these references.
The information from these case histories are particularly useful as starting
blocks in the development of the Hazardous Wastes Compatibility Chart (Figure 6),
and the List of Incompatible Binary Combinations of Hazardous Wastes and the Potential
Adverse Reaction Consequences (Appendix ft).
1. Violent Reaction, Pressure Generation in Tank Truck (Ref. 8)
In Richmond, California, a hazardous waste hauler mixed, in his 30-barrel tank
truck, a liquid waste containing butyl acetate in xylene with an etching waste
containing sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. A hydrolysis reaction
took place. The reaction generated pressure in the tank and blew the safety
relief valve while the truck was travelling through a residential area. A private
residence was sprayed with the hazardous mixture. No one was injured, but
considerable clean-up and repainting of the house was required.
2. Heat Generation and Explosion from Reuse of Contaminated Drums (Ref. 12)
An employee transferred two 5-gallon cans of waste vinyl cyanide and water
from a still to a supposedly empty waste drum. As the employee rolled the
drum to a storage area across the road, it expoded. Waste material sprayed
out on the employee. He believed that he saw a flash at the time of the
explosion. The drum was thrown approximately ft8 feet, wrapping around a steel
guard post. The employee received thermal and possible chemical burns to both
feet.
The waste drum contained still bottoms from the stripping of a vinylation
mixture. The exothermic reaction, causing the drum to rupture, was probably
a combination of cyanoethylation and polymerization.
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3. Formation of Toxic Gas in Sanitary Landfill (Ref. 8)
In Los Angeles County, a tank truck emptied several thousand gallons of cyanide
waste onto refuse at a sanitary landfill. Another truck subseqently deposited
several thousand gallons of acid waste at the same location. Reaction between
the acid and the cyanide evolved large amounts of toxic hydrogen cyanide gas.
A potential disaster was averted when a local chlorine dealer was quickly called
to oxidize the cyanide with chlorine solution.
4. Formation of Toxic Gas in Excavated Site (Ref. 58)
A load of acidic aluminum sulfate waste was inadvertently discharged into an
excavation already containing some sulfide waste. Hydrogen sulfide was released,
and the lorry driver died in his cab at the landfill site.
5. Formation of Toxic Gas and Explosion in Waste Tank (Ref. 38)
Sulfide waste was added to soluble oil waste in a tanker and subsequently added
to other oily wastes in a tank. Later treatment of the oil with acid to break
the emulsified oil resulted in evolution of hydrogen sulfide. Two operators were
briefly affected by the gas. There was also an explosion in the tank.
6. Formation of Toxic Gas at a Landfill (Ref.
At a sanitary landfill near Dundalk, Maryland, a 2,000-gallon liquid industrial
waste load containing iron sulfide, sodium sulfide, sodium carbonate and sodium
thiosulf ate— along with smaller quantities of organic compounds— was discharged
into a depression atop an earth-covered area of the fill. When it reached 8 to
10 feet below the point of discharge, the liquid started to bubble and fumed
blue smoke. The smoke cloud quickly engulfed the truck driver and disabled
him. Several nearby workers rushed to his aid and were also felled. During
the clean-up operation, one of the county firefighteres also collapsed. All six
of the injured were hospitalized and treated for hydrogen sulfide poisoning. It
was not determined whether the generation of hydrogen sulfide was due to the
instability of the waste or the incompatibility of the waste with some of the
landfill materials. The pH of the waste was measured to be 13 before it left
the plant.
7. Formation of Toxic Gas in a Disposal Well (Ref. 8)
At a land disposal site in southern California, a tanker was observed unloading
a waste listed as "waste acid (5% HC1)" into a subsurface, bottomless tank
through an open stack above the ground. Shortly after the unloading operation
commenced, yellowish- brown clouds of nitrogen dioxide began to emanate from
the open stack. The reactions appeared to have subsided when the discharging
of the wastes ceased. However, an hour later, more NO- started to spew from
the stack. The emission was halted by filling the stack with soil. There were
no injuries, but the incident created a significant air pollution problem such that
complaints from nearby businesses were received and a factory was evacuated.
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*• Fire. Dispersal of Toxic Dusts from Leaky Containers (Ref. 8)
At a dump in Contra Costa County, California, a large number of drums containing
solvents were deposited in a landfill. In the immediate area were leaky containers
of concentrated mineral acids and several bags containing beryllium wastes in
dust form. The operators failed to cover the waste at the end of the day.
The acids reacted with the solvents during the night, ignited them, and started
a large chemical fire. There was possible dispersion of beryllium dust into the
environment. Inhalation, ingestion, or contact with beryllium dust by personnel
could have led to serious health consequences.
9. Volatilization of Toxic Chemicals Due to Heat Generation from Ruptured, Buried
Containers (Ref. 87 ~
A load of empty pesticide containers was delivered to a disposal site in Fresno
County, California. Unknown to the site operator, several full drums of an
acetone-methanol mixture was included in the load. When the load was compacted
by a bulldozer, the barreled waste ignited, engulfing the bulldozer in flames.
The operator escaped unharmed, but the machine was seriously damaged. The
ensuing fire, which also involved dispersion of pesticide wastes, was extinguished
by firemen. The firemen were examined to ensure that they were not exposed
to pesticide dusts.
10. Violent Eruption in Waste Drum (Ref. 58)
At an engineering work, hot chromic acid waste was inadvertently added to' a
drum containing methylene chloride waste from degreasing operations. There
was a violent eruption resulting in chemicals being sprayed locally in the workshop.
Fortunately, no one was harmed.
11. Fire from Sodium Waste Disposal (Ref. 12)
A fire occurred in a laboratory when a few pieces of scrap sodium, which had
been placed in alcohol to effect decomposition, flashed when discarded in a sink.
Evidently the sodium had not been completely decomposed and reacted with the
water in the sink.
12. Formation of Shock and Friction Sensitive Substances (Ref. 12)
When a laboratory drain at a Los Angeles hospital was being cleaned by scraping,
the drain pipe exploded scattering fragments of metal from the pipe. Two
subsequent attempts to remove the residual piping with screwdriver and hacksaw
resulted in explosions in both instances. Fortunately, no one was injured in
these explosions. The cause was later attributed to shock-sensitive lead azide
formed in the lead pipes. Apparently, used test solutions, containing sodium
azide as a preservative, was routinely poured into the sewer drain line. The
chemical accumulated in the pipes and reacted with the lead in the pipe to
form shock-sensitive, explosive deposits of lead azide.
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13. Formation of Water Soluble Toxic Substances from Ruptured Drums (Ref. 8)
In Riverside County, California, several drums of phosphorus oxychloride, phos-
phorus thiochloride and thionyl chloride were inproperly dropped off at a dump.
Later, during a flood, the drums were unearthed, ruptured, and washed down-
stream, releasing hydrogen chloride gas.
14. Fire at a Disposal Site (Ref. 8)
A disposal site in central California accepted a load of solid dichrornate salts
and was dumped in a pit along with pesticide formulations and empty pesticide
containers. For several days thereafter, small fires erupted in the pit because
of the oxidation of the pesticide formulations by the dichromate. Fortunately,
the site personnel were able to extinguish these fires before they burned out
of control. No injuries or property and equipment damage resulted from the
fires.
15. Nitrogen Oxide Generation at a Sanitary Landfill (Ref. 8)
A vacuum truck driver picked up a load of "nitric acid" from an automotive
specialities manufacturing company in early July 1976 and delivered it to a site
in southern California for well disposal. The well was able to accept only about
50 gallons of the waste. The driver then took the remainder of the load to
another landfill in southern California for trench disposal. Upon unloading, a
reaction took place that generated brown nitrogen dioxide fumes that were
carried by the wind and interfered with traffic 500 yards away.
Towards the end of the month the same driver picked up another load of the
same type from the same company and delivered it directly to the second landfill
site. Upon arrival at the weigh station, he was instructed to tell the caterpillar
driver to "dig a deep hole." The caterpillar operator dug a hole approximately
12 ft deep, 12 ft wide, and 20 ft long into a previously filled area. The truck
driver said that he observed damp ground and decomposing refuse in the trench.
The driver then unloaded his truck and backed away from the trench because
he did not want to be exposed to the hazard he had observed on a previous
occasion. Sure enough he observed a dense brown cloud emanating from the
trench and could not return to his truck until- its contents had been drained and
the hazard reduced.
A chemical analysis of a retained sample from the load showed that it contained
approximately 70% nitric acid and 5% hydrofluoric acid along with aluminum
and chrominum. The sample was fuming when it was taken from the truck.
16. Violent Reaction of A1C1, Wastes from Smelting Processes (Ref. 8)
Five steel barrels were picked up from a reclaimed aluminum and zinc smelting
company and delivered to a Class I disposal site in southern California. While
rolling the drums off the truck, one of the barrels ruptured and its contents
reacted violently with the liquid in the pond at the working face of the fill.
The other four barrels were buried separately. No injuries resulted from the
accident.
-------
One of the vice presidents of the company confirmed that the reactive material
in the waste was 95% A1C1. condensate collected in the steel barrels. This
condensate results from passing Cl. gas through the molten aluminum metal to
remove magnesium.
17. Explosion of Waste TDI Containing Drums (Ref. 8)
A company using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in the manufacture of plastic and
foam rubber automobile products collected and stored on-site its TDI wastes in
55-gallon metal drums with clamp-type lids. After an extended period of time,
thirty such drums had been accumulated. A hauler was contacted to transport
the wastes to a Class I site in Southern California. The hauler stored the drums
in an open area at his facility for approximately 2 weeks. Heavy rainfall
occurred during this period. Upon delivery of the drums to a disposal site, a
violent explosion ruptured one of the drums. Apparently, during storage some
water condensed or leaked into the drums through the clamp-type lids. Trans-
portation of the drums then provided the agitation and accelerated the reaction
between water and TDI. The rapid production of CO2 caused extreme pressure
build-up in one of the drums and subsequent violent rupture.
There were no injuries associated with this incident.
18. Dirt Contaminated with NaCKX Causes Fire (Ref. 8)
In 1972 at a disposal site in Southern California, reaction of sodium chlorate
with refuse started a fire that lasted for 2 hours. There were no injuries
associated with the incident.
Dirt contaminated with NaClCL was drummed and transported as "NaCl" to the
sanitary landfill. The drums were emptied on refuse. The contents of the
drums were wet but reacted with the refuse to cause a fire.
A similar incident involving NaClO. and refuse producing a fire occurred in
1973. This incident involved containerized material that reacted with refuse
when a container ruptured during the covering operation.
19. Cyanide Generation at a Sanitary Landfill (Ref. 8)
A standard procedure at a Southern California disposal site for handling liquid
wastes containing cyanides and spent caustic solutions was to inject these loads
into covered wells dug into a completed section of a sanitary landfill. Routine
air sampling in the vicinity of the wells detected low levels of HCN. Sampling
in the well head detected more than 1000 ppm HCN. No cyanide was detected
during addition of the spent caustic to a new well. On the basis of these
discoveries, use of the wells was discontinued. Cyanide gas apparently formed
in the well as a result of lowering of the pH of the waste by CO2, and organic
acids that were produced in the decomposition of refuse.
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20. Phosphorus Oxychloride and Water Caused Fatality (Ref. 12)
A delayed reaction between phosphorus oxychloride and water in a 55-gallon
drum caused violent rupture of the drum and killed a plant operator. The steam
and hydrogen chloride gas generated by the reaction caused an explosion that
propelled the bottom head of the drum approximately 100 yards from the scene.
21. Nitric Acid and Alcohol Cause Explosion of Tank Car (Ref. 12)
During the process of transferring 64% nitric acid to a supposedly empty tank
car, the tank car exploded. An investigation revealed that the tank car contained
a small residual of alcohol that was converted to acetaldehyde by the acid.
The heat of reaction vaporized the acetaldehyde and subsequently ignited the
acetaldehyde-air mixture causing an explosion. No injuries or fatalities resulted.
22. Nitric Acid - Ammonia Fire Generate Toxic Fumes (Ref. 8)
In a fertilizer warehouse in Carroll County, Arkansas, a mixture of ammonia
and nitric acid ignited and destroyed the plant. Toxic fumes generated by the
blaze forced the evacuation of the town's residents. No injuries or fatalities
were reported.
23. Vacuum Truck Rupture Caused by Formation of Hydrogen Gas (Ref. 8)
In Los Angeles a vacuum truck containing an unknown quantity of residual wastes
picked-up a spent sulfuric acid metal stripping solution. On the way to the
disposal site a violent explosion occurred, rupturing the tank and injuring the
driver. Subsequent investigation revealed that the residue in the tank before
the pick-up of the acid solution contained aluminum and magnesium turnings
and fines. The action of the acid on these metal particles produced hydrogen
gas and heat. Extreme pressure build-up resulted in the violent rupture of the
tank.
24. Toxic Gas Generation From Buried Drums of Silicon Tetrachloride (Ref. 8)
Drums of silicon tetrachloride were buried in a hazardous waste disposal site in
northern California. After about a year and a period of intense rains, dense
fumes of toxic and corrosive hydrogen chloride permeated the soil cover and
spread over the vicinity of the burial area. The metal drums had apparently
rusted through and the water reacted with SiCl^, forming hydrogen chloride gas;
No injuries were reported, and the gas evolution was controlled by covering the
trench with a layer of limestone and soil.
148
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-076
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
A Method for Determining the Compatibility of
Hazardous Wastes
5. REPORT DATE
April 1980 (Issuing Date)
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
H. K. Hatayama, J. J. Chen, E. R. de Vera, R. D.
Stephens and D. L. Storm
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO,
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Hazardous Materials Laboratory
California Department of Health Services
2151 Berkeley Way
Berkeley, California 94704
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
C73D1C SOS#1. Task 32
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R804692010
^•SPONSORING AGENCY NAMEANP ADDRESS , .
Tlumcipal EnvironmenfaT Research Laboratory—Gin.,OH
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/14
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Richard A. Carnes, Project Officer (513/684-7871)
16. ABSTRACT
This report describes a method for determining the compatibility of the binary
combinations of hazardous wastes. The method consists of two main parts, namely:
1) the step-by-step compatibility analysis procedures, and 2) the hazardous wastes
compatibility chart. The key element in the use of the method is the compatibility
chart. Wastes to be combined are first subjected through the compatibility proce-
dures for identification and classification, and the chart is used to predict the
compatibility of the wastes on mixing.
The chart consists of 41 reactivity groups of hazardous wastes designated by
Reactivity Group Numbers (R6N). The RGN are displayed in binary combinations on
the chart, and the compatibility of the combinations are designated^by Reaction
Codes (RC).
The method is applicable to four categories of wastes based on available
compositional information: 1) compositions known specifically, 2) compositions
known nonspecifically by chemical classes or reactivities, 3) compositions known
nonspecifically by common or generic names of wastes, 4) compositions unknown
requiring chemical analysis.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT I Field/Group
Hazardous materials
Compatibility chart
Case histories
Hazardous waste
68C
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
unclassified
. NO. OF PAGES
159 + Chart
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
1*9
* U.S. GOVERNMENT JWHTING OFFICE: 1980-657-146/5678
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